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GENEALOGY  COLLECTIOH 


ALLEN  COUNTY  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


3  1833  01723  9531 


GENEALOGY 
974 
N42NA 
1875 


THE 


•         ! 


0- 


N  E  W  -  E  N  G  L  A  K  1) 

ital  mia  (iracalogical  |ic(ii.ster. 

PDBLISHED  QUARTERLY,  UNDER  THE  d'iRECTIOX  OF  TiiZ 

FOR   THE   YEAR  1875. 


VOLUxME     XXIX. 


BOSTON: 
PDBLISHED   AT  THE   SOCIETY'S  HOUSE,    IB    SOMERSET   STREET. 
Pkintei)  by  Davib  CLiPP  &,  Son. 
18  7  5. 


Committee  o\\  fMMm, 

18  7  5. 


ALBERT  H.  HOYT, 
JOHN  WARD  DEAN, 
WILLIAM  B.  TOWNE, 


LUCIUS  R.  PAIGE, 
H.  H.  EDES, 
JEREMIAH  COLBURN, 


Etiitax, 

ALBERT  H.  HOYT. 


UO.M.Miri'Kfi  ON    runLlCAIiOX. 

AiBKKT  H.  HoYT,  Lfcirs  K.  Paiok, 

.To:ix   W'.viai  ])k\..v,  IIauky  IL  Edk.s. 

William  U.  Tow.nk.  Jr;ui:HJ\ii  Culk,  k: 


CONTENTS— JANUARY,  1875. 

»*■*  I'lustmtioiis :  rortniit  of  GF.OllOR  B.  UPTON  {to  f,ice paije  \)  ;  Pliotolitho- 
graiiliic  Fac-similcs  of  the  Iiiindwiiiing  of  the  llcvcicmlri  Ztciiiniah  v^'iTir.ics,  Thojiias 
^h('Il;ll(l,  Chiirlcs  Morti'ii  and  Simon  Bnid-trcet  t^;/iife/j«y<?  C9j;  Coat-of-AnT]^  of  thv: 
Townslicrid  Fiiniily  (page  97);  Co:itof-Arms  i;i:d  to  belong  toa  braiRlj  of  Ihe  Menitt 
Fiiniily  (page  109). 

I.     Memoie  OF  GEOi:aE  Erucl;  Upton.     T>w  Walter  AlUn 1 

II.     DiAUT  OF  I)K.  KzKA  GiitEN.,  SurpcOTi  0)1  )iuai'd  the  Raiij^cr,  siudcr  r;ml  .Jon'5, 

niih  Notes  by  Com.  Geo.  i/wj-y  Prci/e,  U.S.N. 1.3 

III.  The  Wii.cox  Family.     \W  W.  H.  nitllmore,  A.M.      .......         23 

IV.  GuruNi.A-vn,   N.  H.  —  Eat.ly'  Mini-ticrial  Rlcokvs.    ( ContiiDud.)      Com. 

by  ihe  Ha  a.  WiU'nun  P.  Hoincs 3(.i 

T.    Pedxckee  of  Gorges,  with  Notes.     Bv  the  l;ev.  Frtdtrich  Biuicn,  I>I  A., 

F..S..\ " 42 

VT.    NAXTi.t'Kr.T  i.\'  Tiii:  Revolition-.    (Co>'-'m''i'd.)     By  A!eor'.(.;id'V  Si/.arbuc?:         .  4S 

VII.    Marriages  IN  V.'est  Sprixgfif.lu,  177 i-9i;.    Com.  hy  Linn :m  H.  Bag g  .  ,5'c 

Vlll.    Lettkr  of  RiCHARi)  Prtpp,  ToPrr^rTT-:-. --^ri  •::;     C.ii.I.j   Charles  Jl.  Mi'r.ic  (.10 
J.-V.    J  LUGES  OF  fKov;  ATE,  County  OF  Midllesex.  Mass.    Bv  th:'  Hon.    WiUiai.'. 

A.  Richardson,  lA.'l).  .         .         .         .         .         .       ' T.I 

X.      ReC01;!5-B0OK  of  TTIE  Fi1:ST  Cll[-RClI  IX  CfIAl!LEST0'.VX,7\lAs.>.     (CoiUivucd.) 

Com.  Iiy  James  F  Ilnnnewell (7 

XI.    Tlie  Oi.D  Engi.i.sh  CirFK'jn  in  Caxtox,  Mass.    l;y  D.  T.  V.  Hvntoon           .  73 

XII.    Tra>.>ffr  OF  Erin.     (Continued.)     By  ihc  Hon.  T/ioyitai  C.  Amur^        .         .  SI 

XIIl.    The  To->,vxsiir.NP  Family.     'E>y  Charka  Hervey  Townsend          ....  97 

Zi.IV.     r.R.>OKFiELD  ZdiM'TEMtx,  177-1.     CoiR.  \)y  Hcunj  F.  Waters  ....  K>7 

XV.    Destkuctiox  of  the  Towx  of  York,  Me.     (Judge  David  t>  v.-alTi  Account.) 

Com,  bv  the  \\.(jt\.  Joseph  \Villiainso7i, 108 

XVI.    NoTKS  AND  Qferiks: 

Anci-Mit  Forui.5  in  t:ie  Conveya-ico.  of  ProiKUty — Hur.--  of  Robert  and 
Jonatiir.ii  Houard  (il);  OUver  ar.d  Joiiu  Bony,  (fiO);  Children  of  the 
F^ev.  ^'illiam  ^V:,itoll,  of  MaibkdKad  (C£);  Ccat-i.f-Av.n.s  attnbatrrt  to  a 
braneh  of  the  Menitt  Family — Halt— Huulodc — Kimlail  Family;  Ben- 
jamin and  Joseph  Cili.ert — Atkin.-on — Kint,' — Obtrn- -\Vinii(.w — .Josiah 
Wa.^hburn;  V.'harfagc  Kates  on  Lon^  Wiiarf,  Eofti.'-i.  m  1771  and  1871— 
Neheuiiah  Gve'^-,  M.D.,  F.R.S.— ^i:'.Jb:n•d^on  Fainiiy — William  Pierce  ; 
Bankes  —  Ilathorne — Morcy— Henry  Eiairae— PediL'Tie  of  Gorges  (addi- 
tions and  cuiTections)      •       .        .        .        .      10l?-112 

XVII,    Ni:cH0L0'>Y  OF  THE  Nlw-F.nglanu  Hi.-storic,  Glvealogical  Society: 

The  flor.  Oakes  Ames — Edward  Arin-trong— il;e  Reir.  Samuel  Brazer 
Babeocl^,  D.D.— the  Hon.  .John  Premiss — the  Hon.  Charle.-  Henry  War- 
ren— Stalhain  Wiiliam.s  ...,...,,-.      113-117 

XVTII.    Societies  and  their  Proceedings  : 

■  Nevv--Engla!id  Historic,  Gcnealn-ical  Society  I'Oct.  7,  Nov.  4,  Doc.  16); 
IS ev,--London  County  Historienl  Society  (Nov.  30);  Riiode-lslanil  Hi.-^tori- 
cal  Society  (Nov.  24);  Nevv-Huven  Colony  H'storieal  Society  (Nov.  31); 
Historical  Society  of  Delaware  (Dec.  5) 117-124 

XIX.  Notices  OP  Recext  Pcblications: 124-157 

XX.  Deaths .        .-  128 


C'iT'  S"hsi:rihiTS  are  i'.'iriiPstij  r,y/'Ufsl>'il  (■)  remit  the  arno>'.nt  of  tJie'ir  suhscn'idi'jii 
jfo  .ToiiN  W'aud  Dea>:,  18  Somerset  Street,  Boston,  ^lass.,  on  the  receipt  of  this 
number. 


COMMITTEE  OX  TUBLICATrON. 

Albert  II.  IIoyt,  Lvcits  11.  Paige, 

JoHNT  Ward  Dkw,  IIahuy  H.  Eues. 

William  E.  Tov>-nk,  Jkremiaii  Coi.Btnx. 


I'Jf* 

133 

139 

Ul 

IIG 

153 

loS 

IG5 

A'. 

170 

1«1 

1S5 

CONTENTS  — APE.n.,  1275. 

•»«  Illustrations :  Portrait  of  M.  GUIZOT  {to  face  page  129)  ;  Purtitut  of  Dk.  EZRA 
GREEN  {to  face pa'je  170),  iir.d  Silhouette  of  the  i^atnc  {pa<jc  173). 

I.    MEMOin  OF  M.  GrizoT.    "By  Dorm  Clarke,  D.l) 

IL    Letter  of  Judge  William  Cushing.    Com.  by  S.  Whitneij  PAani^ 
III.    The  MuNSON"  OK  MoNSOx  Family,  OF  Cowx,    hy  Richard  I7e».nj  Greene 

IV.  Nantvck;-.!- IN- THE  Revolvtiox.    By  Ale.i-anocr  Starhtwk 

V.  Makuiag>:3  IX  West  Spkixgfield.  Mass.    Com.  hj  T,ijmun  H.  Bd'jg 
VI.    EROOK.S  Fahilv  OF  WoBUKN,  Mass.    Com.  ]\y  WilUnm  R.  Cutter    . 

VII,    Early  Papekmills  OF  New-E,vgl.>,xd.    lly  tnc-  Rot).  ]l'i!!Uon  Gooid 

VIII.    Tkk  Ekxxv-'T  Family  of  Ii-s->.TiCH,  ilASS.    Ly  John  M.  Bradounj 

IX.    Ezra  Gkfe.v,  M.D.    1.  Hi.-,  Public  Career.    Bv  Com.  Geo.  Hennj  Preble,  U.S  y 
2,  lii.s  Pnvr.teLife  and  Clmrfu'ter.    V'V  h\i  *<m,  fV^'Uer  C  Grccii    . 

X.    Tbe  FiLi?T  Mlmsteu  or  Mkndov,  Mass.    By  Jokji  G.  Mctcalf  M.D. 

XI.    Ti.AN-rKii  OF  Eaix.    (Contmited.)    By  ihQ  Hon.  T/icmas  C.  AmorT/ 

XII.  The  Ilea,  Marshall  P  Wilpek's  Address  before,  the  Xcw--E.ng]i\-ii<i  Historic, 

Gericulogioal  Society,  January  6,  lS7o        ........      192-202 

XIII.  Noxrs  AXii  QiERiES.       Parentaire    of  Deborah   C!urk,   p^<so  157;    Willhuii 

Hs;;\iey  and  Sarah  (Cutti.ng)  Browne,  1S4;  Comfort  Starr,  of  Conn..  I'jl. 

Eiraia;   ^V'iiliaia  OJ.li;  Johi;  Poole .      202-i;03 

XIY.    Xi-CRO^OGT  OF  THE  Nf.'.v-Exglan'd  HISTORIC,  GF.jri;ALor.ic.\L  SociErv. 

Eiisba  Tyson  Wilson,  M.D. ;  Eliakim  Litteli,  Esq 203-206 

XV.  Pe  .>C?;2X>lXf:S    01-    THE    Is  EW-EnGIAXD    HISTORIC,    GENEALOGICAL     SOCIETY, 

January  6,  and  I'ebri-.ary  3      .        .        . '      205-2CS 

XVI.  RtCF.NT   Prr.LicATioxs.    Acreliui's  History  ofXo^v-Fwcder! :  Journal^  of  the 

General  Convention  of  the  Frotuitam"  E[.i.--co[jnl  Chureii  in  the  I'nited 
States,  1785-1^00 ;  Papers  Rolatins  to  the  History  of  liie  ClKirch  in  Massa- 
chusetts'. Lurned^s  iiii'j:i<:y  of  Windham  County,  Conn.;  Jfy/^^/ii'^  Storv 
of  the  "  IJoinu>  Dei  "  ot  Portsmeurh  [En^^  |,  cvj-iil'k  nly  called  the  Roval 
Garviion  Chnrcli;  Siepe  of  Savannah  in  1779  (Frenc:.  aeccunt) :  Jenness^s 
Isles  of  S.hoais;  Frothingham' s  Ovixikm,  Jnly  4,  1874;  The  Colonial  Re- 
cords oi  Virginia;  Geneaioyieal  Memoir  <n' the  Newcomb  Fanjily ;  Trans- 
actions of  the  Royal  Historical  .*^oeiety;  IV/'itc'i-ead's  East  Jersev  under 
the  Proprietary  Governnieiifs  ;  Genealogy  of  the  Weil-i  Fiunily  of  Wells, 
Mi;.;  Tiie  Dawgjn  Gentiiiogy ;  Beardsltt/'s  Lii'e  and  Correspondence  of 
Samuel  Johnson.  1^  D. :  Th<?  Historical  Magazine;  Towr's  Coturibntioris 
to  ti)e  Annals  of  Mediea!  Progress  ;  Deseendants  of  Ezeiviel  X'-irthf-nd,  of 
Rowley;  y'eiU'n  Masy land  not  a  iloman  Catholic  Colony;  Miscellaneous 
Publications 208-2'^l 

XVII.    DE.VTHS 221-224 


Trie  ohject  and  scope  of  the  Register  are  stated  on   the  Fourth  pane  of  the 

Co'-^:r. 


^^    Connnuiucations  designed  for  th^  Editor  shoxdd  he  addressed  to  him  at  \^  ' 
Somerset  Street,  Hoston. 

Sul/scrij}'i'jnS:  cud  other  h^isi/iess  comiininications  rdaiinrj  to  the  Elgister,  shoidd 
he  sent  to  JouN  '\\'AitD  Dean,  IS  Soincrset  Street^  Boston. 


OUK    •'CEXTEXXI^VI."  XUMIJER. 

^^  The  vcxl  f  October)  niimhcr  of  the  Historical  and  Gknealogical 
IIkcjister  will  he  dccotcd  to  a  history  of  tJic  Ccnttnnlal  Cdcbratlons  of  the  cv- 
rcnt  year  hi  Ntw-Eng/and. 


CONTENT.^.    -JULY,  1875. 

*■,*  lllm'rutlfn  :  Portrait  of  TIMOTHY  FARllAR,  LL.D.  {to  face  page  225). 
I.  MF.MOi'i  OF  Timothy  Faukak,  LL.D.  By  tlie  Rev.  Samuel  Lee,  A.M.  . 
II.    Edvi'ard  Gibf.ox  axd  Thomas  Jeffersox.    By  Ahram  E.  Cutter,  Esq.   . 

III.  Letter  or  Gov.  E^.^VA^.D  Wi.nslow  to  Gov.  John  WixTKifor,  in  16U,  iu  Re- 

lation to  p;;\r!y  Matter?  in  Coiniccticut.     Com.  by  Frederic  K'dder,  Esq.     . 

IV.  A  List  of  Foktuaits  axd  Bi  sts  in  Possession  of  Bkown  ITnivf.rsity  and 

of  the  Puovi!>f.nce  Athex.tjvm.    Com.  by  Darid  IV.  Hoijf,  A.M.    . 
V.    The  Xames"  Maine"  AND  "New-IIamfshire."    By  Chas.  \V.  Tuttu,  A.M.  243 

VI.    A  CoNTKiBrTiON  TO  DRAMATIC  HisTORY.     Bv  tlic  latc  Jlon.  William  D.  Wil- 

lia/.isoii,  of  Biirigor,  Me.     Com.  by  the  Hon.  Joseph  WiHic.inson         .        .  244 

^'II.    Letter  of  R.  Smith  and  Christopher  Gausden,  oi  Charles rox,  S.C.,  17G3  246 

VIII.    Slavery  ALWAYS  ExcLrDED  FROM  Vermont.    V-r  Hilaiid  Ha-f,  LL.D.         .  247 

IX.    Will  of  John  Bigg.     (From  a  copy  Ainii.-hecl  by  E.  "VV.  N.  Starr,  of  MiiWIc- 

to\\'n,  Coi)n..  and  annotated  by  H'.  11.  Wlritmore) 2.53 

X.    B.^PTiSMS  IN  Dover,  X.  11.,  1717— 176'3.    Cora,  by  John  R.  Ham,  M.D.    .        .  261 

XI.    Thi-,  At.ofp  Fakily  of  Maine.    By  Arthur  M.  Al^cr 270 

XII.    Daniel  Peirce  of  Newht-ry,  Mass..  iG3S— 1677,  and  his  Descendants. 

'Ry  Albert  H.  Hoy t,  A.M.         .        '. 273 

vTTT     r--       _^^^^^_  luAts.    Decfl  bv  Ralph  and  Elizabeth  King  to  "William  Browne. 

Com.  hy  Jere/.iiah  Coiburn,  A.M. 2S1 

XIV.    Early  Settlels  IN  Wi:.>T  Springfield,  Mass.    Com.  \>y  Lyman  H.  Bag g    .  283 

XV.    RlcuBd-Book   of  the   First  Chit.ch  in   Charlestown.      (Continued.) 

Com.  by  James  F.  Hunneicell,  Es,q 200 

XVI.  NoTjs  ON  American-  IIistoky-.  ( Continued.)  No.  III.  Rt.  Hon.  Richard 
West,  Loid  Chancellur  of  Ireland. — No.  IV.  George  Rug_lc,  aiulior  of 
some  publications  upon  the  Virginia  Colony. — V.  Maryland  Colony's 
Locacy  to  Gia^^ow  University. — Yl.  liobert  Dinwiddle,  LL.D.,  Go'iernor 
of  Virgiida,  17.53— 1757.     By  the  Rev.  Edward  D.  ydU      ....  29.5 

XVII.     The  Marcy  Family.    By  Frof.  Oliver  Marcy,  LL.D 300 

XVIII.    Notes  and  Queries: 

Eatrm's  Ki.-t-jry  of  Reading,  Corrections  (2-52);  John  Dampney  (260); 
Berjiinin  Jon>'s  and  Elizabeth  Vocden,  of  Salem  (300) 
John  liinckes  :  Randall;  Hi-tory  of  the  Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery 
Cuinpany;  JuLnLorirg;  Matthew  Wright  ;  Indian  Attack  on  Haverhill ; 
Aijigail  Barnes,  Josi.Ji  Jones,  E!i,:abeth  Hopkins;  Dr.  Benjamin  Jones, 
of  Beverly  ;  The  Figr.re-Head  of  the  Constitution  ;  John  Man-field,  1C61 ; 
Ashael  Porter,  killed  at  Lexington,  April  19,  177-5;  Cuurt  Expenses, 
"?alem,  lfi.S7;  Fir,>t  Salute  to  the  Stars  and  Srripes;  James  WalKer,  of 
Taunton;  Brig.-Gen.  David  Wo(.ster  ;  Capt.  Eluatlian  Beach;  Edward 
Waring;  John  Langil.in,  1677 ;  Durkee  Genealogy;  Philip  Moore:  Ex- 
tracts from  a  Private  Diary  kept  in  Dorchester,  Mass.,  about  the  Rev. 
Jonathan  Bowman ;  James  Cr.igie  ;  Samuel  Ingersoll,  Masters,  Benja- 
min Allen,  Nichola'<  ^^oodbury,  Ai.ne  Plasgravc  ;  Pearson  :  ^\'ash- 
ington's  Wi-rTejit;  J  jhn  Patrick;  Lieuf.  Lion  Gardiner;  ^ViiIiam  R,ay- 
nor;  James  Johnson,  Joseph  Jewett,  Peter  Oliver,  Nicholas  Willis,  Benja- 
min Smith;  the  Rev.  Ephraim  Abbot ;  the  Buikclcy  Family  314-S21 
XIX.  NECROLoriY  OF  the  New-England  Historic,  Genealogical  Society: 
The  Hon.  Hcnnau  F">ter,  the  Hon.  Nathan  Sargent,  the  Hon.  John 
Romeyn  B'-odhead,  Daniel  Denny,  Esq..  Anson  Parker  Hooker,  M.D., 
Jonathan  Towne,  Esq.,  the  Hon.  Ralph  Dunning  Smith  ....  322-.32S 
XX.    Societies  and  their  Proceedings  ; 

New-England  Hi-t^nc,  Genealo^•i;•al  Society,  March  3,  April  7 ;  Elaine 
Historical  Society,  February  IS;  Riidde  Island  Hisroriciii  Suciety,  Jan.  19, 
February  IG,  March  2,  March  16,  April  6.  April  ,13,  May  11  ;  New-Jersey 
Hi-torioil  Sociery,  January  21  ;  State  Histcirical  Society  of  Wisconsiii, 
April  9;  Historical  Society  of  Delaware,  January  14,  ".        .        .        . 

XXI.    Recent    FcblicA-tions 

XXII.    Deaths   .......  


COMMITTEE  ON  PUBUCATION. 

Albert  H.  Hott,  Lucius  R.  Paige, 

John  Wi.RD  D'^^.x,  Harry  H.  Edf.3, 

"VV'illiam  B.  Towne,  Jeremiah  Coleuex. 


^^  The  Coutents  of  this  Number  of  tlie  Regi^?te^  have  been  publislieu  in  a  sepa- 
rate vohime,  eutitled  "  CLXxrNNTAL  Oiiations  Coh^iemorative  of  the  Oi'kn- 
INO  Events  of  the  American  Revolution;  avitji  other  Proceedings. 
1874 — 1875;"  with  a  portrait  of  Joseph  AYarreii.  The  eJiiion  io  limited  to 
2.'>0  copies.     Price,  iu  jiapcr  covers,  $1.50;  in  miisliii,  S2.00. 


CONTENTS— OCTOJ3ER, 


1875 


%*  Musf ration :  Portrait  of  JOSEPH  WARREN  (to  face  page  341). 

I.     AN    ADDRESS   ON   THE   ONE-HUNDREDTJI    ANNIVER- 
SARY   OF    THE    MEETING    OF    THi:    PROMNCTAL 
LEGISLATURE  IN  SALEM,  OCT.  5,  1774. 
By  Abnes  C.  Goodell,  Jr.,  Esq.  ..... 

11.     AN  ORATION    ON   THE    ONE-HUNDREDTH    ANNIVER- 
SARY OF  THE  BATTLE  OF  LEXINGTON.  APRIL  19, 
1775. 
By  RiCHAKD  11.  Dana,  Jr.,  LL.D 

IIL     AN   ORATION   ON   THE    ONE-HUNDREDTH    ANNIVER- 
«APV  OF  THT^  F^GRT  IN  CONCORD,  APRIL  10,  1775. 
By  Geo.  William  Curtis,  LL.D. 

IV.     AN    ORATION    ON    THE   ONE-HUNDREDTH    ANNIVER- 
SARY' OF    THE    BATTLE    OF  BUNKER  HILL,  JUNE 
17,  1775. 
By  the  Hon.  Charles  Devens,  Jr. 

V.     AN    ORATION    ON   THE    ONE-HUNDREDTH    ANNIVER- 
SARY OF  WASHINC^TON'S    TAKING    COMMAND  OF 
THE  CONTINENTAL  ARMY',  JULY  3,  1775. 
By  Andrew  P.  Px^aboi-t,  D.D.,  LL.D.  .... 

VI.    AN    ORATION    ON    THE    ONE-HUNDREDTH    ANNIVER- 
SARY  OF    THE   MEETINC4   OF    THE    FIRST  CONTL 
NENTAL  CONGRESS    IN    PHILADELPHIA,  SEPT.   5, 
1774. 
By  the  Hoii.  Henry  Armitt  Brow>' 

VII.     PROCEEDINGS  AT   CENTENNIAL   COMMEMORATIONS, 

1874-5: 

Li  Philadelphia.  September  5,  1874 
In  Salem,  October  5,  1874 
In  Lexington,  April  19,  1875 
In  Concord,  April  19,  1875 
In  Boston,  June  17,  1875 
In  Cambridge,  July  3,  1875 

VIIL    APPENDIX: 

Lexington  Celebration        .......         502 

Gen.  Putnam's  Ride  to  Concord         .....         503 


341 


380 


395 


410 


426 


443 
444 
445 
459 

478 
409 


General  Index  and  Title  Pa^e  to  Vol.  XXIX. 


*^*  Index  of  Names  to  Vol.  XXIX. 


505 


COMiMITTEE  ON  PUBLICATION. 


Albert  H.  Hott, 
John  Ward  I'ean, 
William  B.  To-v^ne, 


Luc  Its  R.  Paige, 
H.  H.  Edes, 
Jeeemiah  Colbven. 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


[Index  of  Names  of  Persons  at  the  end  of  the  Volume.] 


Abbot,  Kphraim,  note  on,  321 

Alibama,  dern-edauocs  of  the,  8, 11 

AUen,  Bt/iijaajiu,  notf;  on,  319 

Araericac  i'l.-.^,  firat  display  in  a  British  ;>ort,  6  ; 
flrac  recogLitiun  of,  by  fl^g  of  France,  15,  SIT 

AmericaD  liistorj,  notes :  Rt.  Hon.  Richi^rd  West, 
George  Kuu-gle,  >itiry'.and  Ct'lonisi  a  legucy  to 
G!:i3g'0''f  Uoiversity,  Kcbert  Dla^TiuJit,  2'Sh 

AdiS,  Cukes,  113 

Ancient  a!:d  Ecncrable  Artillery  Cotnr-any,  h'story 

Arohdalo,.Tohn,  cote  on,  43 
Ann3.    {Sk^  Coats  of  Arms.) 
Atkinson,  note  en,  110 
Antograiihs  of — 

Timodiy  I'arrzr,  2C5  ;  Eira  9re«n,  123  ^  Oai«ot, 

129  ;  George  B.  Uptoc,  1 

Banker,  note  on,  112 

Baptijiis  and  binhj.    (See  Records.} 

Btaoh,  query,  318 

Bennet,  gensaiogy  of,  165-1  TO 

Eigg,  John,  will  oi',  253 

Berry,  aote  on.  '/O 

Biographical  aV.-tibei  c' — 
Oakes  Au33, 113  John  Lyvcrett,  62 

tdward  Armitron?,  113    E'.iakixn  Ijittell,  207 
fianu-ii  h.  Lahcocs.  i'j.4     tbenezer  Miiier,  75 
Mrs.  Martha  II.  Bate?,  125  John  Prentiss,  Hi 
John  li.  Erodhead,  3'2i    OUrer  Prescott,  64 
Oliver  Chace,  2^2  James  Prescott,  65 

■T^ease  Carr,  123  £iisha  Prescott,  123 

■  ''Wuiain  Ciarlc,  "T  Jonathan  Keniingtcn,  8S 

amufcl  D-inforth,  63  Daniel  U.  iioUius,  223 

Henry  Ware  D..-ane,339    Qeorje  liug-le,  206 
Taaiel  Don.iy,  325  James  Russeli.  61 

Robert  Diuwiao'e,  2S'»       Nathan  Sargent,  323 


Margery     Poppe— eU 

Drew,  339 
Cyrus  Ealun,  223 
Romeo  Eltjn,  471 
£amutl  P.  Fay,  erj 
Berman  Fo.<ter,  22 
Imnc-s  Foxcrcft,  62 
■Warren  P.  G-.oiin,  S3d 
Ezra  Green,  173 
Alfred  Gre^L'.eaf,  4T3 
Joshua  II-,:rri;'>;,  12S 
Acson  P.  Uooker,  32G 


Wiiiiam  H   'jtir-ard,  338 
Ralph  D.  smith,  32.! 
Tiiomaa  Soocn;r,  340 
Jonathan  Towne,  328 
Jovjl  S.  Tattle,  340 
Charles  H.  Warren,  118 
Richard  West,  296 
William  A.  Wheeler,  224 
Stalham  Williams,  116 
TAisba  T.  Wilson,  203 
Johu  Wlntbrop.  64 


Blague,  note  on,  ll'J 
EooK  Notices — 

American  Eibliopolist,  3S8 

Adoricaa  Historical  P.ecord,  128 

Boston,  Uratiua  before  the  City  QoverniceDt  and 

Citizens  of,  July  4,  1371,  214 
BvLxton,.  31e.,  Report  of  the  Proceedings  at  the 
Celebration  of  the  First  Centennial  Celebra- 
tion uf  Aaniversary  of  the  Incorpcation  of,  125 
Ccit  Family,  xSr-a^clv^  of,  125 
Congres.s  of  1774,  Oratioil  in  Carpenter's  Hall 
on  ti;e  One  Hundredth  Anuirersary  of  meeting 
Cf,  o37 

B 


Book-JTotices — 

Dawson,   Robert,    of  East    Haven,  Conn.,    De- 
scendants of,  217 
Dawson  Family,  217 
Uibtoricai  Mag^-irie.  21S 
History  of  the  Church  in  Massachusetts,  1776— 

17S5.  211 
Isles  of  Shoals,  213 
Jersey,  llast,  under  the   Proprietary  Govem- 

r;ents,  &;c  ,  216 
Johnson,  Sarsuel,  D.D.,  Life  and  Correspond- 
ence of,  21S 
Leavenworth  Family,  genealogy  of,  125 
Madison,  Wisconsin,  History  of,  127 
Maine  Historical  Society,  Catalogue  of  Members, 

124 
Maryland  not  a  Roman  Catholic  Colony,  220 
Medical  Progress  and  Medical  Education  ia  the 

United  Statts  b-:fore  and  during  the  War  of 
-    Indeperdence,  Conthbutions  to  the  Ar^aals  of, 

219 
Newcomb  Family,  Genealogy  of,  214 
Kfcw-£ng!and,  Historical  Relation  of  to  English 

Commonwealth,  338 
New-Sweden,  Hutory  of,  208 
Notes  and  Qaeries  (London),  339 
Northend,  Ezeiilel,  of  Rowley,  219 
Persons  of  Quality,  Emigrants,  &c.,  who  went 

from  Great  Britain  to  the  American  I'lanta- 

tioas,  I'lOO— 1700.  3G5 
PortsmoiUh   [England],  Story  of    the  "  Domus 

Dei"   of,  212 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church  In  United  St.'»te8, 

17g  j — i.^5T,  List  of  Deaconi  ia,  and  Icdes  to 

same,  127 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church  ir  the  U.  States, 

2785 — Ib35,  Jotu'cals  of  Geae/al  Conventions 

of,  200 
Royal  Historical  Society,  Transactions  of.  215 
Saranoah.  Siege  of,  in  177;),  213 
Stoningtou,  Conn.,  History  of  First  Cnnerega- 

tional  Church  of,  167.i — 1S74.  and  Bi-Centea. 

nial  Proceedings,  June  3,  ls74,  333 
Virginia,  Colonial  Records  of.  214 
Weils  Family  of  Wells,  Me  ,  216 
WindiiHrn  County,  Conn.,  212 
Woodmans  of  Buxton,  Mc,  genealogy  of,  125 

Boston  wharfage  rates,  1771-1S71 

Boston.     (See  Centennial  Celebrations.) 

Brjokfield  minute  men,  177 i,  107 

Brow:ie,  note  on,  1S4 

Brown,  Da-.nd,  will  of,  299 

Brown  University,  portrait  and  basts,  240 

Bruce,  George,  siicich  of,  4 

Balkel-y— genealogy,  321 

Bunker  Qiil.    (f^^e  Ccntenniil  Celebration's.) 

Cambridge.  Mass.   f  3«e  Certennial  Cslebratiom.) 
Cinlon,  Mass.,  churc!'  records.  73 
Castine,  Me.,  sket;;r>,  244 
Centennial  Celebrations  — 

Battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  395,  473 


IV 


General  Index. 


Centennial  Celebration?— 

Eittle  of  L'rxin;:t.in,  367,  415 

Carobridwce.  Waihiugtua's  taking   comcaud  or 
army.  416,  490 

CoaiorJ  a^tit.  lioO,  46i 

Voil.idsli.liia,  mrcting  of  Crst  continental  con- 
gress, 4'2'i,  443 

Saltm,  nj'rttiiig  of  prorincisl  congioss,  342,  444 
Charleito'vn  church  rsconls,  67,  230 
Church  records,  67,  73,  261,  '290 
Clarendon- lohiiSoD  treaty,  3 
Clark,  Ceborah,  167 
Coats  of  Arms — 

Merr.u,  103 

Tjwnshend,  97 
Concord,  Mass.    (See  Centennial  Celebrations.} 
CoustitutioQ,  figurc-hefid  of  the  sh'p,  316 
Connecticut,  Gov.  >VinsloTT'3  letter  (1644),  23T 
Craiirie,  J<inie8,  313 
Cuihiug,  Hon.  WUiiam,  letter  i>f  (1793;,  135 

Deaths,  carrent,  12o,  2C1,  309 

Depositions  of —  . 

ZebulonH-:il,41;  Lydia  Beanet,  165;  Benjam^ti 
Morj^an,  166  ;  James  Johnson,  321 

Diary  of  Erra  Orrtn,  M.D.;  15 

Dinsriddie,  Gov.,  2'.»S 

Dorchester,  ilas^.  (175':>-1775).  313 

D'lver,  N.  H.,  bai-tismi  (1717-1756),  2ol 

Durkee  family,  313 


Early  ministerial  record',  Dover,  261 ;  (Sreenlacd, 
413 

^^'jamlsKusseil  (1709),  61;  Daniel  Veirce  (1704), 
^76;  Benj;imin  Peirce  (17-'l),  277;  Joshua 
Loring  (17U\  31.6  j  John  Patnci  (1807),  320 

Erin,  transS-.r  of,  81,  Iso 

Errata,  202,  252 

rort  Independence,  histoi-y  of,  203 
Varrar,  Timotby,  memoir  of,  i;25 
First  canister  of  Mendon,  ila's.,  ISl 

Gardiner,  Lt.  Lion,  o21 
Qenealoijy  and  Genealog; 
Abbott,  C21 
Algtr,  271 
Allen,  319 
Ames,  113 
Armstrong,  113 
Atkinson,  110 
Bibcock,  114 
Bates,  128 
Bennel,  i66 
Be-ry,  60 
Bigs,  253 
Blague,  J 12 
Biodheai,  324 
Bro-k3,  153 
Browne,  i?4 
Bulkeiey,  321   . 
Can-,  12S 
Craigie,  313 
Cham;jeruoirn,  45 
Dampiiey .  260 
Deccy,  325 
Eaton,  222 
Ea-Tar,  225 

Foster,  322 

Gilberi,  109 

Gibbc-n,  2;'6 

Gorges,  42, 112 

Green,  17"^ 

GreT,  111 

Hale,  109 

Hdiaome,  113 

Herrick.  123 

Ilirck'j'",  o''4 

Ku^'ulns.  ol5 

Kl.^^:>rd.41 

Eunlock.  109 

IiiKsrso!!,  319 

JeW3tt,  321 


■cal  Notes  of  Families  of — 
Johnson.  321 
Jones.  315 
Kimba',!,  100 
King,  1'.'.0 
Ltngrton,  313 
Lee,  304 
Litteli,  204 
Loring,  315 
Mansfield,  317 
Marcy,  301 
Hasters,  319 
■   Moore,  31S 
Morey.  112 
Monson,  139 
Marcy,  SOI 

C'bern  and  OslKime,  110 
Odell,  203 
Oliver,  321 
Palsgrave,  319 
Patf.ck,  320 
Pearson,  319 
Peirce,  273 
Pierce,  111 
Poole,  20-3,  252 
Porter,  317 
Prentiss,  115 
Prescott.  128 
Randall,  S15 
Rayaer,  321 
Reed,  223 
Richardson,  lU 
Rollins,  223 
S.ar«nt,  323 

Smith,  .321,  326 
cpoouer,  340 
To\me.  329 
loiTEsliend,  97 


Genealogy  and  Genealogical  Notes  of  F,nmilie»  of  — 
Upton,  1  Williams,  110 

Voeilen.  300  Willis,  321 

Walton,  66  Wilson,  203 

SV.'.rrcU,  Jo  ->V;:;ji„w,  110 

Vashbucn,  110  Woodbury,  319 

W  a-rinan,  316  ^/ouster,  318 

V.-h.  eler.  224  Wright,  316 

Wil'.-ox,  25 
Gibbon,  Kdward,  and  Thomas  ^  ?£fi?n<on,  2o3 
Gilbert,  Benj.  and  Joseph,  Mil.  Commissions,  110 
Glasgow  L'oiver'sity,  legacy  to,  29S 
Gorges,  pedii,'rec,  42,  li2  .      „  ^t 

Green,  Eira,  dia.'-y  of,  13  ;  nieuoir  £.nt»  portrait  oi, 

.  Greeriland,  N.  H.,  church  records,  30 
Grsiv:.  note  on.  111 
Gaiiot,  memoir  and  portrait  of,  120 

Hale,  note,  109 

Hammon^1,fl-ig-of-traco,  capture,  53 

Haske'.l,  D-  N."  resolutions  en,  207 

Hathorne,  note,  112 

Haverhill,  Indian  attaci  on,  316 

He.iley,  note,  ls4 

HiQckes,  note,  314 

Heraldic  Qaery— Merritt,  109 

Hopkins,  note,  316 

Howard,  note,  41 

Hunlcck,  note,  169 

Pi^trrifal  Societies,  proceedicss  ot — 

Delaware,  123,  335;  Maine,  3£0  ;  New-Ens'.ano 
Fiitcric  Genealogi^l,  117.  206,  o23  ;  Nfe%v.K»i\en 
Coiouy,  122;  Kew-jersev,  332;  .Sew-^U(.ou 
Coaniy,  121  >  Bhode-Islaad,  121,331 ;  Wisconsm, 
S3t 

Hlustrations— Portrait  of  Geo.  B.  Cpton,  1 ;  Fac- 
simile of  tw,-)  paces  of  Charlestown  Cb..  records, 
63-69  i  cca:-of-arm»  sa'd  to  belong  to  the  MernUs, 
109  ;  portrait  of  Guiiot,  i2',> ;  portrait  .1  Dr.  Ezra. 
Green,  170  ;  portrait  of  Timothy  Farrar,  22b i  Jo- 
seph Warren,  341 

Indians,  attaclt  on  fiaverbiU,  Mass.,  310 

IngerscU,  note,  319 

Jefferson,  Thomas,  and  Ed«vard  Giobon,  233 
Jones,  John  Paul,  command  of  Ranger,  lo  ;  ergage- 

ment  of,  IS,  li»,  20 
Jones,  note,  300,  318 
Judges  of  Probt'.te,  co.  Midddeies,  61 


Kimball,  note,  109 
King,  note,  110 

Lancdon,  note,  31S 
Leonard,  George,  the  loyaiist,  48 
Letters  tron. —  _     .  .      ,-,~.-^\ 

William  Clark  (1770),  78;  William  Cusmng (1^93), 
138  ;  Christopher  Gadsden  and  K.  3mith  (175S), 
246:  Ezra  Ureen(n76), 170,  (1777), 171;  Charles 
i^um'ner  (ISOi;,  200;   Richard  Price  (1705),  00; 
Geo.  B.  Upton,  10,  U  ;  Eilwai-d  W'.usicw  (i644), 
237;  Daniel  Webster  (1819),  229;  Isriel  Pu'-nam 
(1775),  503-4 
Lexington.    (See  Ctntennial  CeUoTaiions.) 
Living  Age,  sketch  of,  204 
Long,  ui/te,  315 

Maine,  origin  of  name,  109 
iiaiif'ield,  John,  317 
M<LSUr8,  note,  3ly 

Memoirs— George  B.  Uptoa,  1;    M.   Guizot,  123  ; 
Ezra  Green,  170 ;  Tiirothy  Faxrar,  226  j   Danial 
Peirre,  273 
Mendon,  lirst  mitjistcr  of,  181 
Mcmtt,  note-  Wi  ,  ,,^    c. 

Marriages)  in  W.'tit  Springlieia,  Mass.  (1774-6t)},  54, 

146 
Military  cnuiniis^lons,  110 
Moore,  Philip,  qaery.  318 
Muiison,  geue-.ilogy  oi)  133 

Kantucket  ia  tbs  Revolution^  4S,  141 


General  Index. 


Nccrolo^jKes.    (S-:'e  Ohituary  ffotices.) 

New-Kn^'land  Ilisto-ic,  GcneAlogical  Society— Presi- 
dent 'iVilder's  Annual  Addr0r?,192i  Antiual Sleet- 
ing, 206  ;  Necrology  of,  113, 203, 322  ;  I'roceeUinga 
of,  IIT,  206,  328  ;  Of'acers  of  for  1875,  2'^^ 

Obituary  noticea,  113-17,  12:,  203-05,  221-24,  323- 
28,  339,  340 

Oboron,  n^te  en.  110 

OJell,  note  on,  203 

Orations,  Centennial — by  IXenry  Armitt  Brown  (Phi- 
ladelphia, Sept.  6,  18:-1\42(3  ;  by  A.  C  Goodell, 
Jr.  (^i^V-m,  Oct.  6,  1S74),  341  ;  by  Richard  TL. 
Dana  (Le.Tineton,  April  19,  1S75),  367  ;  by  Geo. 
William  Cur  is  (CoLcord,  April  19,  1S75),  380; 
bv  Charles  Devtns,  Jr.  (Buoker  Hill,  Juue  17, 
18761,395;  by  Andrew  P.  Peabody  (Cambridge, 
July  3, 1S75),  418 

P'^^Isgrave,  ncto  on,  313 

Pipermiils  in  >'ow-Ecglend,  early,  168 

Patrick,  query,  320 

Pearson,  319 

Pedigrees.    (See  Ger.ealoi^ies.) 

Pelrce,  genealoiry  of,  by  A.  E.  Hoyt,  273 

Philadelphia.     (See  Centennial  Ceiebrationa.) 

Pierce,  V  illiam,  note  on.  111 

Poole,  John,  noti;  on,  i03 

Porter,  Asahel,  C19 

Portraits  and  Basis  in  Brown  University  and  Provi- 
dence AtheLaam,  240 

Pcri,ri;i3.     C- ->^  i;/:-.i:,-u;.o.ji.) 

Price.  Kichird,  letter  of,  60 

Prentis>,  John,  ob'tuiry  uotice  of,  115 

Vrivat-ers,  capture  of,  4? 

Probate,  Judge.;  of,  MiddleaeA-,  61 

Proccedin{;3.  (See  Historical  Societies  and  Cen- 
tsuniai  Celebraiions.) 

Prop  -Tty,  anciejt  farmi  of  conveyance  of,  41 

Proridence  Aihenajum,  portraits  and  busts  in,  S40 

Qceriss     (Sf^  2Yo:es  aui  (Queries.) 

Bandal!  familv,  query,  315 
Ranger,  the  ship,  13-24,  172 
Eayner,  \f  ilLam.  note  on,  321 
Readia-:,  Mass.,  Hist.  of.  corrections,  252 
RicharJson  family,  note  on.  111 


Records,  church  and  ministerial — Canton,  Ms;?., 
73-80  ;  Charleslown,  Mass.,  67-72  ;  Vov.r,  N.  II., 
201-70  ;  Greenland.  N.  H.,  30-41  }  ^681  Spring- 
field,  Mass.,  54-69,  146-62 

.Salem.     (See  Centennial  Celcb.-alio^s.) 
Sak-m,  court  expenses  in  1637,  317 
Selkirk,  Earl  of,  attempted  seizure  of,  20 
Slavery  ait  ays  excluiied  frcu;  Vertnout.  247 
Springfield,  Vs'o.si,  Mass..  aiRrnagea  iu  (1774-9C), 

54,  140  ;  early  settlers  in,  2S3 
South  Caroliua.  letter  from,  17Go,  5^46 
Star,  Coiufort.  qu-:;ry,  191 
Stars  and  Stripes,  first  saliiten  of,  15,  317 
Stiles.  Y.7TA,  letfrto  Ki'^hard  Prii-e,  60 
Scllolk  Co.  Concreea,  73 
Swampscott,  Mass.,  deed  of  a  part  of,  281 

Taller,  Lt.  Gov.  William,  proclamation  (1715),  62 
Townsend,  Hannah,  note  on,  47,  140 
Tovfnshend,  genealo^.  97 
Transfer  of  Erin,  Sl-96,  135-198 

Upton,  George  B.,  memoir  of,  1 

Vermont,  slavery  always  excluded  frocQ,  247 
Voedea,  Elizabeth,  300 

Walker  family,  318 

Walton,  William,  66 

Wareing,  Edward,  31S 

Warreu,  Chwles  H.,  116 

Washburn,  Josiah,  110 

Washington's  war-tent,  319 

Watermiiii,  Samuel,  316 

Webster.  Daniel,  letters  of,  229-30 

Wilcox  fe:jilT,  gencdiegy,  25-29 

Wilder,  M.  P.,  address  of,  192 

Williams.  Stalham.  116 

Wills— John  Bigg,  253 ;  David  Brow3,  293  ;  Mary 

Wilcock,  27 
Wilson,  Elisha  T.,  203 
Wioslow  faniUy,  110 
Winslow,  Gov.  Edward,  letter  of,  237 
Woodbury  family,  319 
Wooster,  Gen.  David,  313 

York,  Me.,  destruction  of,  103 


THE 


NE^V-EKGLAXD 


Historical  anj)  Genealogical 


h  i^j  br  1  b  1  ih  it . 


N°  CXIII. 

Y  0  L .    X  X  I  X  .  —  J  A  N  U  A  R  Y ,    18  7  5 


//V  MEMORIAM  MAJORUM. 


PUBLISHED  UN&ER  THE  DinECTION  OF  THE 
NEW-ESGLAM)  HISTORIC,  GE>~EALOGICAL  SOCIETY. 


L^" 


BOSTON: 
THE  SOCIETY'S  HOUSE,  13  SOMERSET  STREET. 

David  CLArp  &c.  Sox,  Piuntees. 
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TIIE 

niSTOllICAL  AND  GENEALOGICAL 
REGISTER.  /^-- 


JANUARY,  1875. 


iMEMOIE  OF   GEORGE  BRUCE   UPTON.' 

By  Waltek  Allek,  of  Newton. 

TJIE  Lite  Hon.  George  Bruce  Upton,  who  died  in  Boston  on  tlie 
first  day  of  July,  1874,  was  bom  in  Eastport,  Maine,  on  the  lltii 
day  of  October,  1804.  He  had  nearly  completed  the  '' tb-ree-score 
years  and  ten,"  allotted  as  the  terra  of  useful  human  life,  and  none 
who  knew  what  industry  had  characterized  all  his  years  from  early 
youth  questioned  that  he  had  done  a  strong  man's  ftill  share  of  ^^  ork. 
The  phrase  "  gathered  to  his  fathers  "  has  in  his  case  a  fine  signi- 
ficance, for  he  was  descended  from  a  race  distinguished  in  many 
generations  for  qualities  that  shone  forth  in  his  life  -svith  uncommon 
brightness.  He  was  in  the  sixtli  generation  from  that  John  Upton 
who  can'ie  to  this  country  about  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury, probably  a  peunyless  prisoner  banished  by  Cromwell,  and  died 
in  1699,  possessed  of  broad  farms  in  Middlesex  county,  then  as 
now  a  prosperous  and  well  cultivated  section  of  the  state.  There 
is  no  record  by  vrhich  it  can  be  certainly  known  from  what  race  he 
was  sprung,  but  tlic  family  tradition  is  that  both  he  and  liis  wife 
were  Scotch  people.  There  is  evidence  that  he  possessed  the  thrifty 
trait  that  is  commonly  supposed  to  inhere  in  Scotchmen.  At  all 
events,  towards  the  close  of  the  year  1658  he  began  purchasing  land 
in  Salem  village  (subsequently  Danvers,  now  Peabody),  and  the 
deed  of  conveyance  mentions  that  he  was  "  sometime  of  Hammer- 
smith,*' a  name  given  to  certain  iron  works  and  the  village  clustered 
about  them  within  the  bounds  of  the  present  town  of  Saugus. 
Eight  years  later  he  purchased  about  500  acres  of  land  in  Reading, 
at  which  place  he  afterwards  resided  until  his  death,  which  occurred 

'  The  writer  of  this  memoir  acknowledges  his  indebtedness  for  the  particulars  of  Mr. 
Uptcu's  life  to  "  The  Upton  .Memorial,"  prepared  hy  John  Adams  Vinton ;  to  "A  History 
of  the  Latv.  the  Courts  ami  the  Lawyers  of  Maine"  by  William  Willis;  to  the  volume  eu- 
titlfid  "  Boston  Past  and  Present,"  ar,d  to  Mr.  George  Bruce  Upton.. 
?0L.  XXIX.  1 


2  The  lion.  George  Bmice  Upton.  [Jan. 

on  the  lltli  July,  1G99.  The  deeds  recorded  show-  that  he  was  a 
frequent  purchaser  of  land  during  his  life.  At  his  death  he  owned 
more  than  a  thousand  acres  in  different  parcels,  valued  in  the  inven- 
tory at  £813  5s.  His  pereon<J  estate  was  valued  at  £167  IDs.  Gd., 
iucluding  a  "negro  boy,  thirteen  years  old,  £30"  ;  "  2  feather  beds, 
20  pairs  of  sheets*  and  table  linen  £21";  and  "  9  platters,  7  basins, 
7  pon-ingers,  2  plates,  1  flagon,  2  cups,  2  quart  pots,  all  of  pewter, 
£3  16."  Xot  an  article  of  silver  plate  or  crockery  or  glass  was 
possessed  by  this  prosperous  farmer.  John  and  Eleanor  Upton  had 
fourteen  children,  of  whom  sLx  sons  and  two  daughters  were  living 
at  his  decease.  By  his  will  he  apportioned  his  landed  estate  to  his 
Bons,  and,  it  appears,  desired  it  should  always  remain  in  the  family, 
for  the  tenth  item  of  his  will  is  as  follows  : 

"My  will  is  y-  the  severall  parts  and  parcells  of  Land  and  medow  as  they 
are  above  given  and  bequeathed  sliaU  be  and  remain  a  true  heireship  to  tlieir 
severall  children  lawfully  begotten  from  generation  to  generation  forever, 
so  that  iQv  sonnet  -John  Upton,  James  Upton.  Willia"  Upton,  Samuel  Up- 
ton, Ezekiol  Upton,  and  Joseph  Upton  nor  theire  children  shall  not  sell  or 
give  or  in  any  way  disoose  of  the  the  (sic)  same  without  it  be  to  and  among 
them." 

This  provision  of  the  will  has  not  of  course  been  fulfilled  to  the 
letter,  but  it  availed  to  keep  the  family  together  longer  than  is  usu- 
ally the  case  in  this  country.^ 

George  B.  Upton  was  descended  fi'ora  the  fii\h  son,  Samuel  (b. 
October,  1664.  married  Abigail  Frost) ,  to  whom  with  his  brother 
"William,  sixteen  months  older,  the  Salem  fann  and  the  negro  boy 
were  bequeathed.  "WTiat  they  inherited  they  held  and  enjoyed  in 
common  until  1708,  when  the  farm  was  divided  by  running  a  straight 
line  through  it :  but  this  division  of  property  seems  not  to  have  been 
on  account  of  any  disagreement,  for,  although  each  married  and 
there  were  ten  cliildren  born  to  each,  most  of  whom  survived  their 
parents,  they  lived  in  one  house  all  their  days,  at  least  fifty  years. 
They  bought  and  sold  land  together,  and  were  taxed  together,  and 
taxed  alike  in  both  the  parish  and  town  books.  They  sat  together 
in  the  meeting-house,  and  their  wives  sat  together.  They  held  their 
negi'o  servant  together,  and  together  manumitted  him  in  1717. 
Adter  this  incontestable  evidence  that  they  had  been  lovely  in  their 
lives,  it  is  just  to  add  that  in  death  they  were  not  long  divided.  Both 
before  death  made  a  transfer  of  their  property  to  their  sons  in  order 
more  effectually  to  carry  out  their  father's  purpose  of  an  entail. 
The  property  thus  conveyed  by  Samuel  has  been  kept  in  the  line  of 
hid  descendants  to  the  present  generation. 

Amos,  the  great-grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  the 
fourth  son  of  Samuel.     The  date  of  his  birth  is  not  known,  but  he  was 

1  Mr,  George  B.  Upton  traced  his  ancestry  back  thron?;h  different  branches  to  the 
fo!!owiDg  enrly  settlor?  of  New-Eufrland :— John  Upton,  1651;  Geoi-gc  Bruce,  15-30 ;  JoLin 
Putnam,  1634;  Henrie  SaincsoP;  who  can\e  in  tne  Mayflower,  1620  i  \Villiaia  Ciirk,  1G21 ; 
Daniel  Lo-vett,  1640  ;  Kithard  liulchiuson,  of  Salem,  163-1.  " 


1875.]  The  Hon.  George  Bruce  Uj)ton.  3 

baptized  in  Danvers,  October  20,  1717.  lie  married  Sarah  Bick- 
ford,  of  Salem  town.  The  house  in  uhich  he  lived  in  Nortli  Head- 
ing is  still  standing  and  occupied  by  one  of  his  descendants.  He  is 
described  as  "  a  man  of  great  energy  and  stern  puritan  principles,'' 
and '"  Deacon  Amos  Upton  "  was  known  and  respected  in  all  that 
region.  His  widow  survived  him  thirty-eight  years,  dying  in  Xorth 
Reading  in  1818,  being  within  four  mouths  of  one  hundred  years 
old.  She  remembered  having  seen  and  talked  with  people  who  v/ero 
living  in  this  country  previous  to  1G50.  ]\L\  Upton  used  frcquont- 
ly  to  speak  of  the  fact  that  he  had  talked  with  a  person  who  had 
talked  vdth  persons  who  lived  in  JMassachusetts  before  1650. 

Benjamin,  the  second  sou  of  Amos,  spent  his  life  in  North  Bead- 
ing, where  he  was  born  May  7,  1745.  He  married  Eebecca,  a 
granddaughter  of  the  Bev.  Daniel  Putnam,  first  minister  of  the 
parish  of  Xorth  Beading.  He  was  a  man  of  respected  character 
and  much  influence,  who  delighted  especially  in  discussion  of  theolo- 
gy, "  holding  the  doctrines  of  the  "Westminster  Catechism  in  tlicir 
fullest  extent,  with  an  ardor  which  nothing  could  quench  and  with 
a  firmness  which  nothing  could  abate."  He  was  much  employed  in 
the  public  affairs  of  his  neighborhood,  held  several  honorable  local 
offices  and  represented  the  town  in  the  legislature. 

His  second  son  was  named  Daniel  Putnam  Upton,  born  August 
12,  1775,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  that  distinguish- 
ed class  of  1797,  of  vvhich  the  venerable  Horace  Binney,  of 
Philadelphia,  is  the  sole  survivor.  He  became  a  lawyer,  being  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  in  Machias,  !Me.,  in 
the  year  1800.  He  had  pursued  his  law  studies  in  that  remote  town 
vdth  Phineas  Bruce,  Esq.,  whose  sister,  Hannah  Bruce,  of  Mendon, 
Mass.,  he  married  in  1801.  Why  Mr.  Upton  went  to  Machias  in- 
stead of  Boston  to  study,  is  not  certainly  known.  It  was  a  step  at 
variance  with  the  trait  of  attachment  to  the  locality  of  home  that 
seems  to  have  been  miusually  prominent  i:  i  the  family,  certcinly 
in  this  branch  of  it.  Immediately  upon  his  admission  to  the 
bar  he  settled  in  Eastport,  a  town  of  but  550  inhabitants,  situated 
on  an  island,  between  which  and  Machias,  the  county  seat,  where 
but  one  court  a  year  was  held,  thei-e  was  an  untracked  forest,  the 
only  communication  being  by  water.  He  was  adm.itted  to  the  su- 
preme court  in  1803,  and  commissioned  a  justice  of  the  peace  in 
180-1.  Two  children  were  born  to  him  here,  Daniel  Putnam  in  1803, 
and  George  Bruce  on  the  11th  of  October,  1804.  Having  contract- 
ed a  pulmonary  disease  he  returned  to  his  father's  house  in  Reading, 
and  died  there  on  the  last  day  of  the  year  1805.  In  William  Wil- 
lis's "  History  of  the  Law,  the  Courts  and  the  Lawyers  of  !Maine,"  it  is 
said  of  him :  "  Early  death  deprived  the  profession  of  a  member, 
who,  under  more  favorable  auspices,  would  have  been  its  ornament 
and  a  valuable  acquisition  to  the  State."  His  widow,  who  was  his 
senior  by  seven  years,,  never  married  again,  but  lived  respected  and 


4  The  Hon.  George  Bruce  Upton.  [Jan. 

honored  for  more  than  fifty  years,  cherishing  his  memory  -with  un- 
affected tenderness.  She  was  a  woman  of  extraordinary  natural 
gifts  conscientiously  cultivated,  whose  death  was  sincerely  lamented 
by  a  wide  circle  of  friends  Avho  kne-\v  and  loved  her. 

Of  such  an  ancestry  was  George  B.  Upton  sprung.  If  it  could 
be  said  of  liim  that  in  his  character  and  life  he  reflected  no  discredit 
upon  it,  that  would  be  honorable  prait;e.  But  he  did  more  than  this. 
He  exalted  the  name  and  the  virtues  that  he  inherited.  He  had  the 
industry  and  thrifty  habit  of  the  Scotch  John,  but  they  ministered  to  a 
liberal  disposition.  He  had  the  love  of  his  kin,  which  was  charac- 
teristic of  Samuel ;  and  the  respect  of  human  rights  which  led  Samuel 
and  his  brother  to  free  their  slave  while  it  was  yet  lawful  to  hold  him, 
was  manifested  in  his  descendant  by  a  cordial  support  of  the  policy 
which  brought  about  the  emancipation  of  a  race.  He  was  not  infe- 
rior to  deacon  Amos  in  energy  of  character  and  resolute  adherence 
to  convictions.  Though  less  fond  than  his  grandfather,  Benjamin 
Upton,  of  theological  debate,  he  was  not  less  firm  in  his  religious 
fiiith,  and  on  a  wider  stage  exhibited  a  similar  aptitude  for  public 
affairs.  His  father  had  a,fine  mind,  trained  by  a  liberal  education,  and 
acquired  in  his  very  brief  professional  career  the  reputation  of  "  an 
accurate  laAvyer."  But  the  son,  without  the  advantage  of  a  collegiate 
education,  became  an  educated  man,  thoroughly  disciplined  by  expe- 
rience and  study,  full  of  various  knov/ledge,  and  able  to  maintain 
his  cause  with  credit  against  adepts  in  controversy.  In  him  the 
special  talents  of  a  sturdy  line  were  united  and  developed  to  a 
higher  degree,  producing  a  man  strong,  enterprising,  honorable 
and  distinguished  in  a  community  where  the  remarkable  men  are 
numerous. 

After  the  death  of  ]Mr.  Upton's  father,  his  mother  removed  from 
Eastport  to  Billerica,  Mass.,  where  she  lived  with  her  brother,  j\Ir. 
George  Bruce. 

This  gentleman,  a  Boston  merchant,  had  acquired  a  sufficient  for- 
tune for  those  days  of  moderate  wants,  and  wlien  his  sister  became  a 
widow,  he  purchased  a  house  with  some  land  in  Billerica,  where  not 
only  she  and  her  two  boys,  but  his  aged  mother,  his  maiden  sister, 
and  an  orphan  niece,  found  a  happy  home.  The  place  was  chosen 
partly  on  account  of  its  superior  academy,  then  under  the  direction 
of  ^Ir.  Samuel  Whiting,  a  teacher  of  high  reputation,  and  partly  on 
account  of  its  cultivated  society.  ]Mr.  Bruce  seems  to  have  been  a 
gentleman  whose  chief  pleasure  was  in  doing  good.  His  home  was 
a  seat  of  social  refinement  and  of  a  cordial  hospitality.  Here  IV Irs. 
Upton  lived  with  her  children  until  they  went  away  to  win  their 
place  in  the  world.  She  watched  over  them  with  an  unusual  solici- 
tude to  form  their  minds  and  characters  in  accordance  with  high  stand- 
ards, and  certainly  succeeded  in  fixing  upon  them  both  the  impress 
of  her  own  lofty  ideals  of  rectitude  and  fidelity.  Thi-ough<iut  their 
lives  they  owned  their  debt  to  her  for  sound  training,  nor  did  they 


1875.]  The  Hon,  George  Bruce  Upton,  5 

forget  the  uncle  who  gave  them  a  home,  of  whom  the  younger  often 
spoke  in  terms  of  affectionate  gratitude. 

At  the  age  of  fourteen  George  ^vas  well  advanced  in  preparation 
for  Harvard  College,  to  which  his  uncle  offered  to  send  hiui ;  but  he 
declined  the  privilege,  choo>sing  to  enter  upon  a  career  of  business  in 
Bot^ton,  and  a  place  was  obtained  for  him  with  jNFr.  Thomas  Trott 
Robinson.  From  that  tijue  he  required  assistance  from  no  one,  but 
he  helped  many. 

His  brother  at  about  the  same  time  went  to  sea,  as  so  many  ambi- 
tious New-England  youth  of  that  generation  did.  Of  his  subsequent 
career  it  is  proper  that  something  should  be  said  in  this  place. 
He  soon  rose  by  his  own  merit  to  the  command  of  a  vessel,  and  for 
t-vventy  years  he  was  in  the  service  of  Enoch  Train  as  captain  of 
Liverpool  packets,  his  last  voyage  being  made  in  the  "  "Washington 
Irving."  One  trait  of  his  character  as  a  seaman  procured  him  great 
distinction.  He  was  noted  for  his  willingness  to  incur  peril  in  reliev- 
ing the  shipwrecked.  M;my  crews  were  rescued  from  an  ocean 
grave  by  his  instrumentaliiy,  and  his  ser^■ices  of  this  kind  were  hand- 
somely recognized  by  foreign  governments.  Of  him  it  vras  said: 
''  He  seemeil  to  be  the  chosen  champion  of  humanity  in  the  highway 
of  the  nations.  Those  in  distress  whom  others  pass  by,  he  rescues, 
no  danger  appalling,  and  no  seliish  considerations  deterring  him." 
In  unselfish  impulses,  and  active  sympathy  with  the  suffering,  the 
brothers  were  remarkably  alike.  The  humane  captain  died  at  the 
age  of  forty-six,  in  liis  brother's  house  in  Boston. 

How  long  George  B.  Upton  remained  with  Mr.  Robinson  is  not 
definitely  known.  Probably  not  more  than  a  year,  for  in  1819  he 
was  with  Zslr.  John  Fox,  iinen  draper  in  AVashington  street,  a  man 
whose  reputation  for  probity  and  mercantile  honor  has  come  down 
to  our  day,  Nor  did  he  remain  with  him  long,  for  he  left  another 
situation  the  next  year  to  go  to  Nantucket,  as  confidential  clerk  to 
the  firm  of  Baker  &  Barrett,  engaged  in  th  •  dry  goods  trade.  He 
left  Boston  in  October,  1821.  In  has  new  place  he  was  rapidly  ad- 
vanced, and  hud  small  reason  to  regTct  leaving  Boston.  A  few  years 
later  Mr.  Baker  retired  from  business  altogether,  and  jNIr.  Barrett 
formed  a  partnership  with  ]Mr.  Upton,  who  had  then  just  attained  \m 
majority.  This  connection  was  continued  for  twenty  years,  the 
junior  partner  being  trusted  with  the  practical  management  of  the 
business  from  the  beginning.  Under  the  stimulus  of  responsibility 
his  powers  rapidly  developed.  He  was  enterprising,  sagacious  and 
successful,  quick  to  discover  opportunities  and  prompt  to'takc  advan- 
tage of  them.  When  the  dry  goods  trade  had  been  made  the  most 
of,  the  firm  turned  their  attention  to  the  pm-chase  and  building  of 
ships,  not  in  a  small  way,  for  that  was  foreign  to  ]Mr.  Upton's  natiu^, 
but  with  energy  and  a  disposition  to  take  a  leading  position.  They 
built  some  of  the  finest  vessels  then  afioat,  and  quickly  established  a 
reputation.     They  engaged  in  the  sperm-whale  fishery,  and  also  in 

VOL,  XXIX.  1* 


6  The  Hon.  George  Bruce  Upton,  [Jan. 

the  manufacture  of  oils  and  candles.  Whatever  tlicj  did  was  dune  in 
a  superior niauuer,  and  the  result  was  that  not  only  in  Xantueket,  but 
wherever  Nantucket  goods  were  sent,  Mr.  Upton's  excellent  business 
qualifications  were  rcv^ognizcd.  But  not  even  prosperity  deceived  him. 
He  was  amonp:  the  lirst  to  detect  the  signs  that  the  business  import- 
ance of  Xantueket  had  culminated.  Full  of  capacity  for  work  and 
eager  for  new  opportunities,  he  did  not  fold  his  hands,  blaming  his 
unlucky  stars,  but  bravely  determined  to  try  conclusions  with  fortune 
in  a  field  where  the  prizes  were  larger  and  the  competition  fiercer. 

This  statement  of  the  business  in  which  he  was  engaged  during 
the  twenty-five  years  of  his  stay  in  Xantueket  affords  no  adequate 
picture  of  his  life  there,  which  was  made  happy  and  profitable  by 
many  pleasant  circumstances.  On  the  2d  of  ^lay,  182G,  he  mar- 
ried Ann  Cofiin  Hussey,  of  Nantucket.  She  was,  on  her  mother's 
side,  a  granddaughter  of  captain  William  Mooers,  whose  name  has 
passed  into  history  as  the  first  American  to  display,  in  a  British  port, 
his  country's  fiag  of  thirteen  stripes.  In  X'^an tucket  seven  children 
of  the  eight  he  had  were  born.  But  perhaps  the  best  assurance  that 
those  years  were  pleasant  ones  is  found  in  the  respect,  confidence 
and  affection  with  which  he  inspired  all  classes  of  the  people. 
There  he  began  i<?<  show  forth  the  generosity  of  disposition  and  keen 
interest  in  everything  that  tended  to  the  public  welfare,  which  marked 
his  course  to  the  end.  The  people  conferred  on  him  every  honor  in 
their  gift.  Twice  he  represented  the  town  in  the  general  court,  and  was 
three  years  senator  from  the  island  district.  In  politics  he  was  an 
ardent  Whig,  and  in  1844  was  a  delegate  to  the  convention  that 
nominated  Henry  Clay  for  the  presidency.  When  it  was  announced 
that  he  intended  leaving  the  island,  the  regret  was  universal,  and  to 
the  day  of  his  death  those  who  had  known  him  there  were  his  con- 
stant and  devoted  friends. 

He  went  at  first  to  ^Manchester,  N.  H.,  where  he  acted  as  agent 
in  getting  the  ^Manchester  print  w^orks  started.  This  work  was 
successfully  accomplished,  and  the  followdng  year  he  removed  to 
Boston.  In  Manchester  his  eighth  and  last  child,  a  daughter,  was 
bom,  but  gladness  and  mournino;  were  minorled,  for  a  daughter  ei2;ht 
years  of  age  died  there. 

The  year  1846  saw  Mr.  Upton  established  in  business  in  the  city 
where  he  had  begun  his  career  nearly  thirty  years  before.  He  was 
still  a  young  man,  but  wise  in  experience  of  life,  strong,  aspiring, 
and  recommended  by  the  prestige  of  success.  All  that  he  required 
was  scope  for  the  exercise  of  his  talents,  and  this  he  found  in  the 
New-England  metropolis  which  was  to  be  his  future  home,  and 
which  long  before  he  died  had  learned  to  respect  him  as  sincerely,  and 
almost  as  universally,  as  the  people  of  X'^antucket  had  done,  and  tor 
the  same  reasons.  Barring  a  terra  in  the  Executive  Council  during 
Governor  Clifford's  adm.inistration,  and  membership  of  the  constitu- 
tional cunventiou  of  185o,  he  held  no  public  office. 


1875.]  The  Hon.  George  Bnice  Ujoton.  7 

When  he  came  to  Boston  he  was  chosen  treasurer  of  the  i\richl- 
gan  Central  IJailroad,  wliicli  had  hitcly  been  purchased  by  Boston 
capitaHsta.  This  position  he  held  for  eight  years,  and  during  all  the 
time  took  a  leading  part  in  the  councils  concerning  the  niana^cinent 
of  the  property.  This  however  did  not  monopolize  his  em-cgies. 
He  iunnediately  engaged  in  commerce,  and  in  a  short  time  v-as  deep 
m  schemes  for  supplying  better  ships  than  had  yet  been  built  for 
commercial  purposes.  The  discovery  of  gold  in  California,  with  the 
consequent  demand  for  swift  ships,  favored  his  projects.  He  built 
several  of  the  famous  clippers  of  the  California  trade,  amona'  them 
the  ^"  Reindeer, "_ '-StaghJuDd,^'  "  Bald  Eagle,"  "  Romance  "of  the 
Sea, '  and  "Mastiff."  This  period,  when  he  was  largely  interested  in 
railroads,  and  imder  heavy  pecuniary  responsibilities  in  connection 
with  one  of  the  most  important  of  them,  the  owner  of  many  ships, 
and  making  independent  ventures  in  commerce  with  the  chief  trading 
ports  of  the  world,  was  undoubtedly  one  of  the  busiest  in  his  lifel 
yet  a  friend  who  knew  him  v.-ell  says  that,  "  owing  to  that  perfect 
system  which  governed  all  his  movements,  he  was  ever  found  ready 
to  do  his  part  in  all  matters  of  public  interest,  and  had  time  reserved 
for  such  recreation  as  was  essential  to  the  preservation  of  health  and 
strc:]gth."  This  period  tested  his  capacity  for  gTeat  affairs,  and  the 
manner  in  which  he  bore  hhnseif  fixed  his  place^  in  the  first  rank  of 
Boston  business  men.  Thenceforward  he  was  a  recognized  power, 
a  man  whose  interest  and  counsel  were  welcomed. 

In  banking,  commerce  and  railroads  he  continued  to  have  large 
interest,  andhis  connection  with  enterprises  of  many  kinds  was 
such  as  a  cajiitalist  who  has  mastered  the  secret  of  conducting  vari- 
ous affiiirs  without  confusion  is  accustomed  to  have.  After  he  came 
to  Boston  he  formed  no  partnerships,  although  constantly  associ- 
ated with  others  in  single  transactions.  Pie  was  always  the  master 
of  his  business,  never  its  drudge,  and  by  prcmptness,  system,  fidelity 
and  decision,  he  so  conducted  i'r  that  he  always  had  a  reserve  of  time 
and  energy  for  his  family,  his  friends,  and  the  public.  His  judicial 
fairness  was  so  generally  recognized  that  he  was  in  frequent  request 
as  an  arbitrator,  particularly  in  maritime  cases,  where  his  knowledge 
both  of  vessels  and  of  maritime  law  was  of  great  service.  He  was 
one  of  the  three  commissioners  appointed  by  this  state  and  the  city 
of  Boston,  in  i8o9,  to  determine  a  just  equivalent  to  be  paid  to  the 
city  for  the  relinquishment  of  its  right  to  erect  buildinijs  on  the  east 
side  of  Arlington  street.  He  was  president  of  the  Boston  Board  of 
Trade  for  two  years,  and  a  director  in  several  banks  and  insurance 
companies. 

During  the  war  of  the  rebellion  :Mr.  Upton's  peculiar  strength  of 
character  shone  conspicuous.  From  the  beginning  to  the  end  of  the 
long  stiiiggle  he  was  among  the  staunchest  and  most  active  support- 
ers of  ^  the  national  cause.  His  years  and  training  made  him 
mehgible  for  military  service,  but  he  provided  a  personal  substitute 


8  The  Hon,  George  Bruce  Upton.  [JaD. 

in  the  ranks,  ana  gave  liis  time,  his  money  and  his  talents  freely  to 
help  the  cause.  How  inteneely  earne.:it  he  was,  all  who  then  Uvecl 
in  Boston  know.  The  state  and  national  f^overninents  counted 
on  him  always  -v/hcn  cither  sen-ioe  or  counsel  was  n>^eded.  "\\  hen 
there  were  jnutterings  ot  disatlcction  in  Uofton,  he  joined  the  Cadets 
and  ^lept  at  tlie  state-house.  When  the  calls  lor  recridts  came,  he 
rendered  most  efficient  6er\ice  by  stirring  speeches  at  mass  meetings, 
and  by  contributions  of  money.  The  organizations  for  alleviating 
the  hard  lot  of  the  soldier  had  in  him  a  zealous  and  liberal 
supporter.  He  was  instant  in  season  and  out  of  season,  in  the  per- 
formance of  every  patriotic  duty,  seeming  to  fear  nothing  so  mucli  as 
that  he  might  fail  to  do  all  that  he  could.  The  depredations  of  the 
"  Alabama "  and  other  rebel  cruisers  aroused  the  passion  of  his  in- 
dignation to  the  highest  pitch.  One  of  his  ON\n  ships,  the  ''  Xora," 
feS  a  victim  to  ihe  "  Alabama,"  and  the  sense  of  a  double  wrong, 
public  and  private,  wrought  upon  him  strongly. 

When  the  conditions  of  the  Clarendon-Johnson  treaty  were  made 
public,  he  addressed  to  the  senate  of  the  United  States  a  vigorous  pro- 
test af'-alnsL  its  ratiikatiou,  which  was  presented  by  Senator  Sumner. 
The  protest  was  the  subject  of  much  conunent  in  England,  and  Earl 
Eussell,  in  the  introduction  to  a  volume  of  selections  from  his 
speeches,  disparaged  the  representations  of  ]Mr,  Upton  whom  he  char- 
acterized as  '■'  tliat  stern  republican."'  Earl  Kusseil's  words  provoked 
ISIr.  Upton  to  \\riting  an  open  letter  to  his  lordship,  the  boldness  and 
pungency  of  which  were  universally  relished  here  and  vehemently 
condemned  abroad.'  When  the  war  v/as  over  he  took  great  interest 
in  the  negotiations  relating  to  indemnity  for  the  outrages  on  our 
commerce,  and  published  several  articles  on  the  subject,  in  all  of 
which  he  seemed  more  concerned  for  the  vindication  of  the  national 
honor,  and  the  relief  of  others,  than  for  his  own  interests. 

In  the  calamity  of  fire  Avhich  destroyed  a  large  part  of  the  busi- 
ness section  of  Boston  in  1872,  he  suffered  heavy  losses,  but  he  was 
instantly  active  in  the  work  of  inspuing  others  with  confidence  and 
hope.  Disregarding  his  ov,m  misfortune  he  began  organizing  the  work 
of  he]pin<T  the  needy  ;  he  was  chairman  of  the  relief  committee,  and  a 
<Tenerou8  contributor  to  the  funds  it  disbm-sed.  His  example  and 
words  of  cheer  were  inliuentiai  in  those  days  of  doubt,  and  did 
much  to  steady  the  faith  of  all  in  tlie  speedy  restoration  of  the  city's 
prosperity. 

A  trait  of  ]Mr.  Upton's  character  that  cannot  pass  without  special 
consideration  in  any  memoir  was  his  sincere  and  constant  humanity. 
His  heart  was  tender  to  the  cry  of  stiifering,  his  hand  open  to  all 
who  deserved  assistance,  his  word  never  withheld  from  those  who 
needed  encouragement.     He  was  especially  interested  in  the  welfare 

^  The  Iptwr,  ■which  is  a  fine  illuitrntion  of  Mr.  Upton's  temper  of  intolerance  towards 
fals-i  prctence.'aau  of  the  force  with  which  he  would  maintain  his  judgment,  is  aprt^Qiie'l  to 
this  stietch. 


1875.]  The  Hon.  George  Bruce  Upton.  9 

of  seamen,  and  tlironghout  his  life  was  active  in  cff<)rts  to  aiuellorato 
the  couflitioiis  of  their  perilous  service.  His  slups  were  frc(iuently 
instrumental  in  rescuing  sliipwreclced  crews,  nor  did  he  grudge  tlic 
time  lost  in  sncli  service.  When  tlio  British  government  oHercd  to 
compensate  him  for  the  cost  of  saving  its  subjects,  he  declined  to  be 
rew.'irdcd  for  .i  deed  of  common  humanity.  He  was  among  the  fu'ot 
to  advocate  a  watch  aloft  to  discover  ships  in  distress,  and  he  urged 
on  Congress  measures  for  the  benefit  of  ship-v,-recked  mariners.  The 
number  of  "  Old  and  New"  for  May,  1874,  contained  an  article  on 
this  subject,  which  was  among  the  last  productions  of  liis  pen  con- 
ceiTiing  public  questions.  AVhen  the  project  of  founding  a  National 
Sailors'  llome  was  started  by  the  ladies  of  CharlestOA^-n  and  Boston, 
during  the  war,  he  labored  zealously  for  its  success.  lie  was  one 
of  the  trustees  and  their  first  president.  When  the  com>pleted  Home 
at  Quincy  was  dedicated,  he  delivered  an  address  which  is  notice- 
able for  the  earnest  tribute  he  therein  offers  to  woman's  services  in  the 
war  :  "  Whenever  the  history  of  the  rebellion  shall  be  truly  written, 
the  pages  which  record  the  love  and  devotion  of  woman  will  be 
among  the  purest  and  brightest,  and  will  shed  an  undying  lustre 
upon  her  love  of  country."  Tiie  closing  sentences  of  the  address 
were  these  :  "  It  has  been  reproachfully  said  that  '  Eepublics  are  un- 
gratefid.'  If  at  any  time  hereafter  there  should  seem  to  be  a  cause 
for  the  utterance  of  such  a  sentiment,  it  would  be  ;ound  that  woman, 
with  her  undying  love  of  justice  and  humanity,  had  not  her  true  and 
proper  weight  in  the  councils  of  such  governments." 

He  was  aho  a  trustee  of  the  Sailors'  Snug  Harbor  in  Quincy, 
member  and  vice-president  of  the  Humane  Society  of  Massachusetts, 
member  of  the  Boston  ^Marine  Society,  of  the  Yoimg  Men's  Chris- 
tian Union,  and  of  the  Mercantile  Library  Association.  It  may  be 
said  truly,  that  in  each  of  these  he  felt  a  genuine  interest  that  showed 
itself  in  practical  ways.  Nor  did  his  himiinity  exhaust  itself  in  a 
regard  for  classes  of  sufferers,  and  corporation  work.  He  was  kind 
towards  individuals  in  distress  with  a  personal  kindness,  helpful  to 
struggling  merit  wherever  exhibited,  thoughtful  of  others  always, 
and  one  who  grappled  friends  to  his  heart  with  hooks  of  steel.  His 
benevolence  was  more  than  a  duty,  it  was  a  delight. 

The  accompanying  portrait  will  give  to  those  who  never  saw  ]Mr. 
Upton  a  fiiir  idea  of  his  personal  aspect.  Intelligence,  resolution, 
alertness  and  geniality  were  blended  in  the  expression  of  his  coun- 
tenance. He  was  of  commanding  presence,  and  had  the  direct  ad- 
dress of  a  man  of  affairs.  Work  was  a  pleasure  to  him,  but  he  never 
worked  frivolously.  He  knew  better  than  to  mingle  business  and 
pastime.  He  enjoyed  a  good  story  and  could  tell  one  happily.  He 
was  also  very  fond  of  poetry  and  pictures.  A  tour  in  Em'ope  made 
in  1856-7  afforded  him  great  satisfaction.  His  favorite  recreation 
was  forest  sport,  and  annually  in  the  fall  for  many  years  he  went  to 
Nauslion  for  a  season  of  recreation  with  rod  and  gun.     Deer-hunt- 


10  The.  Hon.  George  Bruce  Upton.  [Jan. 

ing  was  the  sport  in  which  he  took  most  delight,  and  he  was  very 
successful  in  it.  During  tlie  sununer  he  spent  as  much  time  as  pos- 
sible at  his  summer  house  on  tlie  Beverly  shore.  From  the  time 
when  he  came  to  Boston  from  Nantucket,  he  worshipped  regularly  at 
King's  Chapel,  of  which  he  was  for  many  years  a  warden.  From 
hit;  pcvr  he  was  almost  never  absent  on  Sunday  unless  out  of  town. 
In  business  habits  he  was  the  soul  of  punctuality. 

He  had  a  way  of  dismissing  from  his  mind  things  accomplished  as 
of  no  further  consequence.  He  attacked  the  duties  of  each  day 
with  as  much  ardor  as  if  his  reputation  was  to  be  made  by  the  man- 
ner in  wliich  he  acquitted  himself.  He  had  so  little  pride  in  tlie 
articles  he  published  in  newspapers,  and  in  his  speeches  that  were 
reported,  that  he  took  no  pains  to  preserve  them.  If  they  produced 
the  effect  he  wished  for,  he  was  satisfied.  He  had  an  honorable 
family  pride,  and  was  largely  instrumental  in  procuring  the  prepara- 
tion and  publication,  in  handsome  style,  of  "The  Upton  Memorial." 
He  was  a  life  member,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  a  vice-president 
of  tao  New-England  Historic,  Genealogical  Society.  The  key-note 
of  hii  life  was  respect  for  the  right.  To  this  his  whole  being  v;as 
attuned,  and  wrong  made  discord  in  Iris  soul.  Truth,  justice  and 
ckarity  he  reverenced ;  fraud  and  vanity  he  hated.  His  life  was 
thus  seen  to  conform  to  the  noble  standard  of  honor.  AYhen  he  dis- 
covered what  no  one  else  knew,  that  his  friend  Edward  Everett  was 
elected  governor  only  by  a  mistake  in  the  count,  and  that  in  truth  he 
was  defeated,  it  was  characteristic  of  him  to  insist  that  the  truth 
must  be  declared. 

The  cause  of  Mr.  Upton's  death  was  internal  cancer,  bafiEling  all 
the  skill  of  physicians.  His  last  days  were  calmly  spent.  For  him 
death  had  no  terrors.  He  had  served  the  truth  in  love  of  God  and 
bis  fellow  men.  To  his  family  and  friends  who  were  near  he 
spoke  affectionate  parting  words,  much  as  one  who  is  about  to  go 
away  for  a  long  absence  might  do.  To  those  who  were  at  a  distance 
he  sent  kind  messages,  writing  several  such  letters  with  his  own  hand 
while  confined  to  his  bed. 

One  of  them  was  written  to  the  gentlemen  who  had  for  many 
years  been  his  legal  advisers  in  New-York  city,  and  has  already  been 
published.  Since  it  reveals  in  peculiar  force  the  calm  thoughtfulness 
with  which  he  approached  the  end  of  his  career,  and  the  strength  of 
his  attachment  to  those  whom  he  respected,  it  may  fitly  conclude  this 
memoir. 

Boston,  June  23,  1874. 

Mr  Deas  Feiexds; 

After  so  many  years  of  friendly  and  intimate  associations,  it  occurs 
to  me  that,  as  I  am  drawing  near  the  banks  of  the  great  river,  which  for  the 
time  being  will  separate  us,  a  friendly  recognitiou  upon  my  part  would  not  be 
unsatisfactory,  and  so  I  bid  you  both  a  gentle  good-by. 

Geo.  B.  Upton. 


1875.]  Tlie  Hon.  George  Bruce  Upton.  11 


[Lettek  from  I\Ik.  Urxox  to  Eakl  Russell.] 

Boston  {U.  S.  A.),  March  23,  1870. 
To  THE  Rt.  Ho-v.  Earl  Russell. 

Sir  ;-  -^[y  r.ttODtion  has  boeii  called  to  the  "  introduction  "  in  tl'.c  se- 
lections from  your  speeches  aud  desj)atchcs,  recently  published,  in  which  you 
do  me  the  honor  of  referring  to  my  petition  to  the  Senate  of  the  United  States, 
in  relation  to  the  Pirate  Ala'oama  and  her  kindred  consorts,  in  which  I 
characterize  her  and  them  as  being  '•  British  built,  British  manned  and  Brit- 
ish armed,  and  by  vessels  and  armaments  which  left  British  ports  under  the 
protection  of  the  British  flag,  and  burnt  American  shipping  upon  the  liigh. 
seas,  without  taking  them  into  port  for  condemnation,  aud  without  any 
action  being  taken  on  the  part  of  the  said  British  Government,  when  these 
atrocities  were  laid  before  it,  to  prevent  the  same  ;  but,  on  tlie  contrary, 
these  pirates  were  everywhere  received  with  rejoicing  when  visiting  British 
ports,  and  when  the  notorious  builder  of  one  of  them  boasted  of  tlie  same 
in  the  British  Parliament,  of  which  he  was  a  member,  he  was  received 
with  cheers  and  e"s:pre3sions  of  satisfaction." 

You  then  proceed  to  "  examine  these  statements  one  by  one." 

They  were  as  I  averred,  "  British  built."     This  you  admit  to  be  true. 

I  nest  asserted  that  they  were  "  British  manned."  This  you  aver  "  is 
only  true  in  part,"  You  proceed  to  say,  "  in  point  of  fact,  the  vessels  were 
manned  by  crews  consisting  mainly  of  American  ofiicers  and  American  men." 

I  take  issue  with  you  upon  this  "  point  of  fact." 

From  evidence  derived  from  the  prisoners  taken  when  the  Alabama  was 
sunk,  I  find  that  mere  than  three-quarters  of  all  the  persons  on  board 
the  ship  when  she  left  the  Mersey  were  British  subjects,  and  of  them  .John 
Neil,  John  Emory  and  Peter  Hughes  belonged  to  the  Royal  Naval  Reserve 
— and  of  the  whole  crew  at  the  time  of  the  capture  by  the  Kearsar-^e,  lie- 
tween  80  and  90  per  cent,  were  subjects  of  Her  Majesty,  the  Queen,  and 
that  W.  Crawford,  Brent  Johnson,  Wm.  Nevins  and  Wml  Hearn  beloncred 
to  the  Eoyal  Kaval  Reserve.  I  repeat  then  that  when  the  Alabama  left 
British  ports,  she  was  substantially  a  British  mamud  vessel,  and  that  she  so 
continued  to  he  antil  her  destruction,  and  that  the  evidence  upon  that  subject 
is  c  ")nclusive. 

My  next  averment  is  that  the  captures  of  American  property  were  made 
"  by  British  armed  vessels,  by  vessels  and  armament  which  left  British  ports, 
tmder  the  protection  of  the  British  flag." 

To  this^yoa  are  pleased  to  reply,  that  "  there  is  much  unfounded  assertion 
here."  You  then  proceed  to  say,  "  the  vessels  were  unarmed  vessels,  aud 
the  Alabama,  when  in  an  unarmed  state,  left  a  British  port,  without  any 
clearance,  with  no  British  protection,  to  go  into  other  ports  under  foreiirii 
jurisdiction, ^where  the  British  flag  gave  no  more  protection  than  the  flag'of 
the  United  States." 

I  regret  to  hear  a  Statesman  of  your  varied  learning  and  experience 
make  such  a  denial  of  the  charge  I  have  made.  It  must  be  known  to  you 
that  in  building  a  war  steamer,  a  part  of  the  armament  is  built  and  con- 
structed with  the  vessel.  The  magazine  and  shell-room,  the  flood  cocks,  the 
port  sills,  the  pivot  and  breeching  bolts,  are  as  much  a  part  of  the  arma- 
ment as  the  guns  themselves.  All  these  the  Alabama  had  ;  but,  m.ore  than 
this,  she  did,  according  to  the  evidence,  which  is  perfectly  accessible  to  you, 
receive,  while  lying  in  British  water,  in  Lynas  Bay,  ammunition  and  a  por- 


12  The  Hon.  George  Bnice  Upton.  [Jan. 

tion  of  her  other  annament.  I  consider,  these  bcin^  the  facts  in  the  case, 
fiicts  too  which  are,  or  ouglit  to  be,  well  known  to  you,  tliat  it  is  only  an 
attempt  to  impose  upon  ignorance  to  say  that  the  Alabama  left  a  British 
2)ort  in  an  unarmed  state. 

iNIy  next  assertion  is  tliat  "these  vessels  burnt  American  ships  without 
taking  them  into  port  for  condemnation."     This  you  admit  to  be  quite  true. 

The  next  assertion  I  made  was,  "  that  no  action  was  taken  by  the  said 
British  Government  when  these  atrocities  were  laid  before  it  to  prevent 
the  same."  This  you  say  requires  explanation  ;  the  conclusion  of  which 
seems  to  be  that  if  the  British  Government  had  undertaken  to  carry  out 
their  treaty  obligations,  "  actions  for  damages  would  have  been  brought,  and 
would  ill  all  probability  have  been  successful." 

I  cannot  think  that  you  have  in  the  least  disturbed  the  groundwork  of 
my  accusation ;  but,  on  the  contrary,  your  admissions  woidd  seem  to  place 
the  then  existing  administration  of  the  Government  of  Great  Britain  in  a 
more  objectionable  light  than  its  worst  enemies  would  desire. 

One  other  matter,  you  say,  "  of  which  Mr.  Upton  and  his  countrymen 
complain,  is  the  reception  of  the  Confederate  cruisers  in  the  British  Colonial 
ports."'  The  allegation  "  that  these  pirates  were  received  with  rejoicincr 
when  visiting  British  ports ;  and  that  when  the  notorious  builder  of  one  of 
them  boasted  of  the  same  in  the  British  Parliament,  of  which  he  was  a 
raember,  he  was  received  with  cheers  and  expressions  of  satisfaction,"  '•  can 
hardly  be  corisidered  a  proper  matter  for  diplomatic  representation  or  pecu- 
niary compensation." 

In  addition  to  this,  you  say  that  "  The  exuberant  utterances  of  a  free 
nation  must  be  permitted  to  us  by  the  most  zealous  advocate  of  the  Ameri- 
can claims." 

To  all  this  I  can  only  say  that  as  an  American  claimant,  I  shall  draw  my 
own  inferences  from  these  "  exuberant  utterances." 

When  Judas  betrayed  our  Saviour,  if  he  had  boasted  of  the  deed  and 
received  the  cheers  of  the  Apostles,  Christians  would  be  likely  to  place  the 
cheerers  in  the  ranks  of  Judas. 

"When,  therefore,  it  was  well  known  in  the  British  House  of  Commons, 
that  a  pirate  was  afloat,  that  had  surreptitiously  left  British  waters,  destroy- 
ing the  commerce  of  a  nation  with  which  that  go'^'ernment  was  at  profound 
peace,  and  when  the  doings  of  that  pirate  receiver  the  applause  of  a  portion 
of  that  body  without  rebuke  from  any  quarter,  it  may  eventually  be  found 
out  that  it  will  require  some  "  diplomatic  representation "  to  relieve  the 
British  Government  of  the  odium  attached  to  those  cheers. 

I  have  thus  gone  over  the  averments  of  my  Protest,  and  believe  the 
general  grounds  thereof  are  unshaken  by  your  representation.  An  indivi- 
dual who  sees  the  result  of  his  labor  ruthlessly  destroyed,  is  not  apt  to 
carefully  cull  language  for  a  dainty  expression  of  his  wrongs.  In  some- 
thing of  this  spirit  I  have,  perhaps,  ^Tittcn.  ]\Iy  desires  however  are  for 
peace, — but  it  must  be  such  an  one  as  springs  from  a  disposition  on  the  one 
part  to  make  due  reparation  for  wrong,  and  on  the  other,  to  make  no  unrea- 
sonable demands  to  prevent  such  a  cunsummation. 

In  this  communication  I  have  contined  myself  to  the  wrongs  committed 
by  the  Alabama.  I  need  not  add  here  that  the  evidence  in  regard  to  the 
nationality  of  other  British  vessels  and  their  illegal  acts  in  consequence 
thereof,  is  quite  as  conclusive. 

I  am  Sir,  your  obed't  servant, 

George  B.  Upton. 


1875.]  Diary  of  Dr.  Ezra  Green.  13 


DIAllY  OF  DR.   EZRA   GIIEEX, 

SdrgsjN  rt-RrxG  the  Cp.ri:>E  of  the  CoNTrsKNTAL  Ship   of  War  raycER,*    from 
Nov.  1,  1777,   TO  Skpt.  27,  1778. 

From  the  original  in  tlic  possession  of  the  New-England  Historic,  Genealogical  Societj. 
With  Notes  by  Commodore  Geo.  HiiXRV  Piieble,  U.  S.  N. 

A  FEW  words  in  re.-pect  to  the  diary  of  my  father,  Dr.  Ezra  Green,  wbich  I  am  quite 
Bure  lie  never  suspected  would  appear  in  print  before  the  public  eye,  may  be  iieee.-sary. 

"When  quite  a  lad  I  was,  out  oi  curiosity,  runimairin:;-  over  an  upper  e'lainber  cior-et, 
where  in  promiscuous  order  were  odd  volumes, — school  books,  speeches,  eernioris, 
&e.,— when  this  unpretentious  pamphlet  turned  up  iu  marbled  paper-cover.  Ali  the 
particulars  of  it  I  had  heard  my  father  freiiuently  recount,  and  hence  did  not  at  t!;at 
early  age  appreciate  its  value,  and  so  I  gave  it  to  my  cousin  James  D.  Green,  who. 
after  preserving  it  witii  scrupulous  care  lor  more  than  sixty  years,  has  deposited  it 
in  the  library  of  the  iS'ew-Eugland  Historic,  Genealogical .  tociety,  together  with 
important  authentic  remarks  relative  to  his  and  my  fatiicv's  progenitors.  There  this 
Diary  came  under  tb.e  eye  of  C^'ma^jdore  George  Henry  Preble,  who  requested 
my  permis!>lon  for  it.-,  publication  in  the  Historical  Axn  Genealogical  Kf.gtstkr, 
together  with  such  addenda  as  he  mii.'-ht  gather  of  my  father's  pr.hlic  li!e  during 
five  years  service  as  surgeon  in  the  army  and  navy  (.Uuing  the  American  revolution. 
To  this  request  I  cave  my  willing  assent,  promising  as  a  sec^uel  tbeieto  a  memoir  of 
his  private  lile.    "  '  Walter  C.  Gi-.eex. 

Buston,  Nov.  16,  1574. 


Portsmouth  lioady  JSTov.  1st.  1777.  Saturday. — Between  the 
hours  of  8  &  9  this  morning  weigh'd  anchor  and  proceeded  to  Sea 
witli  a  moderate  breeze,  before  night  lost  sight  of  the  American  sliore^ 

Sunday,  JSTov.  2nd. — A  very  line  morning  and  a  favorable  ^yind, 
all  well  on  board — except  some  few  who  are  a  little  Seasick. 

'  The  Pwangsr  18,  was  built  1777,  on  Langdon's  Island,  Portsmouth  Harbor,  by  order  of 
Conf;ress,  under  the  direction  of  Colonel  Jaaies  Haekctt. 

On  t!ie  Uth  of  June,  1777,  Congress  Resolved,  That  Capt.  John  Pan!  Jones  be  appointed 
to  com  uand  the  sliip  Ran<:er,  and  under  date  Philadelphia,  June  18,  1777,  tlie  marine 
comnii  :ee  write  to  him.  •'  Y(ju  are  appointed  to  the  command  of  the  Ran^'cr,  lately  built  at 
Portsmoaih.  Col.  AV'hipple,  the  bearer  of  this,  carries  witli  bim  the  resolves  of  "Conrirtss 
app<i;nting  you  to  this  command,  and  aathovizing  him.  Col.  Langdon,  and  you  to  appoint 
theotlicr  eummissioned  a.s  well  as  warrant  officers  necessary  for  this  ship,  and  he  has  with 
him  h'anlc  conuais-ions  and  warrants  for  this  purpose." 

Though  gnat  dilicrence  was  used  by  Jones  iu  cqu;p;)ing  the  Ranger,  she  was  not  ready 
to  proL-eed  on  \ws  destination  until  the  midi'.le  of  Oetol'ov.  Twenty-six  guns  had  been  pro- 
Tided  tortile  >uip,  but  Jones  exercised  groat  judgracn:  iu  monntivig  only  eighteen  on  her, 
as  he  eon-idcreri  from  her  size  and  sli^jhc  con-^tiiutiou,  that  she  would  be  more  sinvieeai'le 
with  eiglueen  tiian  with  a  sr-eater  number.  The  following  extracts  from  his  letter  to  the 
marine  c'jnnaittee,  dated  Oct.  tS),  \7~i'i,  two  days  before  sailing,  gives  a  lively  i<lea  of  the 
diineaUi'  s  h<'  had  to  contend  with,  and  the  poverty  of  our  resi/arees,  •'  With  all  jny  indus- 
try I  cuultl  not  get  a.  single  siat  of  sails  completed  ur.til  ihe  '20th  current.  Since  that  time 
winds  and  weather  have  laid  me  under  the  iieeessiLy  cf  coiitina'Ug  in  port.  At  this  time 
it  blows  a  very  heavy  gale  iVcm  th'-  nm-tiica-t.  The  ship  wirli  ililticulty  rides  it  out,  v.dch 
yards  and  topma>fs  struck  and  whole  cables  ahead.  When  it  clears  up  I  expect  the  wind 
from  the  norihw(\-t.  ar.d  sh.all  ar  t  i;;il  to  embrace  it,  although  I  h;ive  not  now  a  spare  sail 
nor  materials  to  make  one.  Home  of  those  1  have  are  nuxde  of  hi-sings.  I  never  lie  fore 
had  s;ieh  disagreeable  service  to  perform,  as  that  which  I  have  now  accomplished  and  of 
which  another  will  claim  the  credit  as  well  as  the  profit,  Hov.-ever,  in  doing  my  utmost  I 
am  sensible  that  I  have  done  no  more  than  my  duty." 

Thus  inqierl'i'ctly  equipped,  having  a  ve/y  good  cccw,  but  "  only  thirty  gallons  of  rura,'" 
as  J'MR- !,?i>;e;its,  for  them  K>  drink  on  the  passage,  the  Hanger' sailed  from  i'ortsiuouth, 
Ofj  iht  Ist  of  November,  1777. — Mackenzie's  Life  of  Paid  Jones, 
VOL.    iXlS,  2 


14  Diamj  of  Dr.  Ezra  Green.  [Jan. 

Friday,  JVbi'.  1th. — A  strong  gale  at  Northwest  which  canys  us 
10  knotd. 

Thursday,  yov.  Idfh. — About  seven  tlii:'  morning  saw  a  sail  on 
our  lee  Bow  dlstaul  ubuut,  2  Li-aguc^,  j^ave  ehuceaiul  t^pols'e  her  about 
12  o'clock,  a  Brig  from  Carolina  bound  for  Bordeaux  witli  several 
Tory  Passenger^  on  Board,  among  ^\llonl  were  Hartley  the  Oigan- 
ist  6c  his  wife. 

Friday,  A'oy.  lAfh. — Tliis  Morning  at  5  o'clock  came  up  a  severe 
Thunder  Storm  from  the  southwest. 

Saturday,  IhtJi. — Last  evening  came  on  a  gale  of  wind  which 
increas'd  till  about  3  this  morning  Avhen  it  began  to  abate,  in  the 
hight  of  the  gale  a  sail  was  seen  mulcr  our  lee  Quarter,  hove  too 
till  she  came  up,  a  Schooner  from  St.  Peters  bound  to  Bordeaux. 

Sunday,  l^^th. — A  fresh  Ih-ecze,  and  high  Sea  from  the  late 
Gale,  about  10  o'clock  our  tiller  Pope  broke  by  which  we  were  in 
great  Danger  of  the  Consequences  of  the  Ship's  broacliing  to. 

Wednesday,  lOM. — About  six  tliia  morning  saw  a  Sail  under  oiu: 
lee  Quarter,  gave  Chase  or  rather  bore  aAvay  till  we  came  within 
about  a  mile  kj^l  Her  found  Her  to  l^e  a  large  Ship  standing  OiU" 
course  clued  up  Our  Courses  and  hawl'd  Our  wind — got  ready  for 
Action  she  standing  on  her  course  close  to  the  wind,  wore  Ship 
when  it  was  too  late,  continued  the  chase  till  night  and  lost  Pier. 

Saturday,  ^ov.  22nd. — At  nine  o'clock  this  morning  saw  a  Sail 
on  our  weather  Beam — little  wind ;  One  of  Our  People  fell  from 
the  Chains  but  was  saved  by  a  Pope's  End  handed  Him. 

Sunday,  JS'ov.  2drd. — Early  in  the  moniiug  saw  a  Sail  supposed 
to  be  the  same  we  sr.w  yesterday,  came  up  with  and  made  a  Prize 
of — about  8  o'clock,  a  Brig  laden  with  fruit  and  Avine  from  Malaga 
bound  to  Yarmouth,  Pichcs  Comm''. — Slie  is  called  the  IMary — there 
are  no  less  than  six  sail  in  sight  at  this  Time. 

Monday,  JS'ov.  2-ifh. — Spoke  a  Schooner  from  Malaga  bound  to 
Live  -pool  vessel  and  Cargo  owned  by  a  Portugal  ]).Ierch'. 

Tuesday,  2dfh. — Last  night  spoke  a  Ship  &  Snow  boimd  to 
France, — and  are  now  chasing  a  vessel  under  Our  lee  Bow,  at  11 
at  night  came  up  with  t.^  made  a  Prize  of  the  Brig  George  from 
Malaga  bound  to  London  laden  with  fruit  and  wine,  she  was  com- 
manded by  Bulfinch. 

Wednesday,  2Qlh. — Early  in  the  morning  gave  chase  to  a  Brig 
under  our  lee  Bow,  but  were  obliged  to  give  over  Chase  on  seeing 
a  very  large  Ship  to  -windward  with  several  other  Sail  in  Company 
she  appea.red  to  be  standing  athwart  us,  about  2  she  hove  too  with 
a  Piece  of  13  Sail  of  Ships  6c  Brigs  at  2  Leagues  Distance,  clewed 
up  Om"  Courses  6c  sto])p*d  our  Ship's  vray  expecting  every  minute 
when  she  would  come  do"v^^l  upon  us  about  4  she  stood  on  her  Course, 
we  made  sail  close  to  the  wind  with  a  desiirn  to  cut  oft"  a  Brio;  which 
could  not  keep  up  with  the  Convoy,  lost  her  in  the  night. 

Thursday,  27. — A  fresh  gale  from  the  S.  Yv'.  in  the  afternoon 


1875.]  Diary  of  Dr.  Ezra  Green.  15 

vear'd  a  BaiTcl  of  Beef  astern  for  tlie  Bripr,  Sea  running  nip;h  ^]ie 
carelossly  nm  upon  our  Larboard  Quarter  Init  did  no  other  liania-e 
than  breaking  our  Driver  r.cjoui — at  10  at  Xiglic  saw  sevcial  Sail 
c>poke  one  of  them  found  them  all  to  be  Dutch  Dangers. 

Saturdaij,  'J.^dlh. — A  very  heavy  gale,  h.ovc  too  at  niglit  in  the 
Bay  of  Biscay  GO  Leagues  distant  from  Larid. 

Siuuhnj,  oOfh. — Fine  weather  and  a  strong  wind  in  the  ni^ht 
hove  too  and  sounded  in  SO  Fathom  water. 

Mondai/,  Dec.  1. — Saw  Land  from  mast  Head  at  10  in  the  morn- 
ing, with  line  weather, 

Tv.esdai/,  Dec.  2jid. — Ran  in  for  the  Land  with  a  fine  moder;;tc 
Breeze,  narrowly  escap'd  running  on  a  Sand  through  v.-ant  oi  a  i'iiot 
and  anived  all  in  good  spirits  at  Peanbeauf  on  the  River  Loire  and 
came  to  anchor  in  the  evening. 

Wednesday.  Srd. — Wrote  a  Letter  to  Capt.  Sh.ackford  at  L'Oii- 
ent  and  inclos'd  one  to  my  very  good  friend  Cooper — favoured  bv 
Cap',  ^[utchcmore.' 

Friday ..  Dec.  bth. — The  Prize  Brig  ]\Iary  arrived  here  safe — 
went  to  Xantez  with  Capt.  Simpson  arriv'd  at  9  in  tiie  Evening  this 
is  a  very  considerable  City  distant  10  Leagues  from  Penbcauf  am 
told  there  are  12  Parishes  in  Xantes  in  one  of  which  arc  30,000  Souls. 
Saturday,  Dec.  G. — Went  to  the  Tragedy  but  it  was  to  me  in 
an  unknown  Tongue,  was  not  nmch  pleased  or  entertained,  hovrever 
the  Musick  was  good. 

Sunday,  Dec.  7. — Returned  to  Peanbeauf,  and  on  board  the 
Ranger. 

Friday,  13  Feb.— Set  sail  for  Quiberon  Bay  ]\P.  Williams  & 
Brother  on  board,  in  company  with  us  Brig  Independence,  anchored 
in  the  Bay  about  six  in  the  Evening,  4  Ships  of  the  Line  besides 
Frigates  in  the  Bay. 

Saturday,  lUh  Fehy, — Very  Squaly  weather,  came  to  Sail  at 
4  o'clock  P.  I\I.  saluted  the  french  Admin^l  &  rec'd  nine  guns  in 
return  this  is  the  first  salute  ever  pay'd  the  American  flagj?. 

Sunday,  Ibth  Feb'y. — Brig  Independence  salutecf  the  french 
Flagg  which  was  return'd.' 

^  The  letter  to  hi?  fdsrid  Cooper  is  iriven  in  the  Memoir. 
Jones  in  hii  letter  to  the  navar  committee,  daied  Feb.  22,  1778,  reporting  this  impor- 
tant recoiinition  of  our  fl;i£r,  says:— 

■ »  am  happy  to  have  it  in  my  power  to  concrrata'.atc  von  on  mv  havin?  seen  the  Ameri- 
a-m  tl.i.^,  tor  the  first  time,  recognized  in  the  fullest  rind"(ompIetc>t  manner  bv  the  ;!;-  of 
France.  I  was  otf  this  l-ay  [Qiiilieron  Bnv]  on  tlie  13th  inst.,  and  sent  mv  boat  in  the  next 
day  to  know  if  the  Adm.ral  would  return  my  j.diite.  He  an'^wercil  that  he  v.-.mld  rorurn 
to  me  as  the  scm.or  contmenral  officer  in  Europe,  the  same  sahite  as  he  was  authorized  to 
reium  to  an  Admiral  of  Holland,  or  anv  otlK-r  repnblie,  which  was  four  guns  less  than  the 
salute  given.     I  hCMtat.  d  at  this,  for  I  had  demanded  nun  for  (jiin. 

"Therefore  I  anrhoicil  in  the  entrance  of  the  Bav  at  a  distance  from  the  French  fleet; 
but  arter  a  very  particular  iuqniry,  on  the  1  kh,  Smlin-  tint  he  reallv  tuld  the  truth,  I  was 
induced  to  accept  his  ofler,  the  more  as  it  teas  an  acfcnotdedgmentof  American  ladtpen- 

"  The-  wird  bein?  contrary  and  blowing  hard,  it  was  after  snn.=ct  before  the  Kanccr  was 
rear  enough  to  salute  La  >iotfe  Piqnet  with  thirteen  -uns.  which  he  rcturn-d  with  nine. 
However,  to  put  the  matter  beyond  a  doubt,  I  did  not  suffer  the  Indcnendctico  to  ?alitfe 
nntd  t!^?  next  niornm-.  wlsen  I  sent  word  to  the  Admiral  that  I  woitld  sail  thiouch  !,is  tiect 
in  tne  Bri^r  and  w,;i;ia  sainte  him  in  oj)en  day.  He  was  exceedingly  pleaiaut,  and  rcturn-i 
the  comphmeat  also  with  nine  guas." 


16  Diary  of  Dr.  Ezra  Green.  [Jan. 

Wednesday,  ^Df/i  FeUy. — Fleet  got  underway  aiul  left  us  at 
anchor  contrary  to  Ex}icctuti()n.>,  about  12  O'clock  it  being  very 
■windy  we  came  to  sail,  ran  out  of  the  Bay  without  a  Pilot,  attempted 
to  tlie  Xortl^^■^•ard  of  Bclislo,  but  did  not  .succeed,  put  back  hoping  to 
run  into  the  Lay  again,  but  could  not  weather  tlie  Kocks.  in  the 
midtt  of  our  Tionisle  liaving  naiTov.ly  e.-^capM  over  petting  die  Ship, 
were  alarni'd  with  the  cry  of  Fire — after  all  our  endeavours  to  pro- 
cure a  Pilot  were  in  vain,  &  night  coming  on,  bore  away  and  ran 
out  to  the  Leward  of  the  Island,  very  squaly  still. 

IViursday,  2G. — Arrived  in  Quiberow-Bay  again  tlie  Evening 
after  a  thort  but  very  tedious  &  unprofital)le  Cruize. 

Tuesday,  JSFarch  'did. — Wcigh'd  anchor  and  came  to  vSail  in  fine 
■weatluT  &  smooth  water,  sail'd  along  the  Coast  about  25  Leagues 
and  came  to  anchor  in  a  small  liay  near  a  small  village  called  Bcno- 
dett,  had  a  curious  Adventure  with  a  frcnch  Pilot  ^vho  came  on 
Board  to  pilot  the  Ship  but  -svould  not  be  compell'd  to  take  charge 
of  her. 

Thursday,  JIarch  5th. — "Went  with  Joseph  Ratcliff  to  Pontlably 
and  procured  good  lodgings  for  Him  supposing  tl;e  Eruption  (wliich 
came  out  last  night)  to  be  Small  Pox — we  were  treated  with  great 
respect  as  wo  wore  Amcric;vns,  were  waited  on  near  half  a  mile  to 
the  Boat  and  on  parting  gave  them  3  Cheers  which  was  answered 
with  vive  Le  Congres. 

Friday,  March  ^)th. — This  morning  (being  fine  weather)  came 
to  sail,  in  the  morninc!'  went  tlu'ouoh  of  Passacfe  Duroi :  saw  a  larrje 
Ship  to  the  levrard  which  we  thought  was  a  Frigate  &  the  same  we 
saw  yesterday  :  She  fail'd  in  attempting  to  get  through  the  Passage 
and  stood  otF. 

Saturday,  Zlarch  Ith.-^Cavae  to  anchor  in  Baldavids  Bay  not  far 
from  the  Kiver  of  Brest. 

Sunday,  J/arch  8th. — Weighed  and  beat  up  towards  Brest  came 
too  in  Caraaritt's  Bay  4  Leagues  from  Brest. 

[Ac  Brest]  Tuesday,  2Larch  10/A. — Last  night  eight  of  our  People 
took  the  Cutter  and  went  on  shore  and  ran  o+F  leaving  the  Boat  on 
the  Rocks. 

Friday,  JSLarch  \?yih. — Seven  of  eight  Deserters  were  bro't  back 
under  guarel  Sc  confined  in  Irons. 

Saturday,  X'ith  Jlarch. — AA^ent  to  Brest  with  Capt.  Jones  cc  Lt. 
Simpson  ;  had  a  slight  view  of  the  Fortifications,  Shipping,  and 
Dock- Yards — return 'd  in  the  Evening. 

Siiuday,  Ibth. — I  had  the  ])lcasure  of  entertaining  the  Commis- 
saries Lady  &  two  Sisters  on  Board  the  Itanger. 

Wehiesday,  ISth. — Last  night  died  after  a  lingering  Illness  for 
more  than  three  weeks  Will'"  lieading — His  remains  were  decently 
interr'd  about  11  oclock  A.^L — P.]\L  the  L;;dies  came  to  pay  Capt. 
Jone;  a  visit  as  he  Avas  absent  when  they  pay'd  us  the  first  Visit. 

Jiloiiday,  23  rd  JIaj'ch. — Got  underway  and  ran  up  to   Brest; 


1875.]  Diary  of  Dr.  Ezra  Green.  17 

ealuteJ  the  Admiral,  rec'J  the  news  of  I^''.  Stormont's  having  left 
Paris  ou  recelviuga  copy  of  the  Treaty  wich  Auicrica. 

TJiursdau,  2nd  April. — Got  up  anchor  pay'J  the  frcnch  flagg 
anotlicr  Sahite  rcc'tl.  U  for  lo — One  of  our  iScamcn  narrowly  c<- 
ca[)'J  tirouninu: ;  when  the  Ship  was  coining  to  sail  was  turned  olV 
from  the  S})rits:iil  Yard  the  Slii})  went  over  Him,  but  He  was  luckily 
taken  up  by  the  JNlan  who  was  in  the  Cutter  which  was  veard  astern 
arrivM  at  Camaritt  about  't  O'clock  P.M.  and  came  to  anchor. 

Friday,  ord  April. — Our  Siiip  being  laid  on  Shore  for  cleanin"- 
I  went  with  our  Pilot  6c  L'.  Wallingsford  to  take  a  view  of  the  Xew 
Fort  which  is  building  on  an  Eminence  at  the  distance  of  three  miles 
from  Caniaritt. 

tStrnd'-n/,  5  April. — Attempted  to  get  out  to  sea  with  the  Portuna 
of  3G  guns  but  were  oblig'd  to  return  to  Brest. 

Wednesdaij,  8t/i. — Made  a  second  Attempt  to  get  out  &  failM. 

Friday.  10th. — About  5  O'clock  P.M.  came  to  Sail  in  Company 
with  tlie  Frigate  [Fortuna] — were  detained  by  tlie  Cutter  which  vras 
eent  after  Sand  to  Camaritt. 

jSit^frdai/,  I'lth.^ — Fine  weather  but  no  Convoy  to  be  seen,  about 
10  in  tlie  morning  saw  a  sail  to  v.'indward  which  prov'd  quite  con- 
trary to  our  fears  to  be  the  Fortuna — we  were  all  ready  for  action 
when  she  came  alongside  of  us. 

Monday,  lUh. — Our  Convoy  left  us,  sooner  than  Capt.  Jones 
Expected  which  He  resented  but  could  not  prevent. 

TuesJfiy,  15  April. — Early  in  the  morning  saw  a  Brig  under 
our  Lee  Bow,  about  8  o'clock  spoke  her  :  from  Ostend  to  Gahvay 
laden  with  Flaxseed  took  the  People  their  Baggage  &c.  on  board 
scuttled  and  lei't  Her.' 

Wednesday,  16fh. — Made  some  part  of  Ireland  in  the  morning 
euppos'd  to  be  the  high  Land,  of  Duugarvin. 

Thursday  11th. — Saw  a  Ship  in  the  afternoon  under  our  lee 
Bow,  at  Sun's  setting  spoke  Her — a  Ship  of  about  350  Tons  frum 
London  for  Dublin  laden  with  Hemp  Iron  Porter  &c  &c.  ordered 
her  to  Brest.'' 

Saturday,  10th. — ^lade  a  warm  attempt  to  take  a  Cutter  mount- 
ing -N^  Guns,  she  slipped  through  Our  Fingers,  had  the  Captain  have 
pcnmtted  the  ^Marines  to  fire  on  them  when  they  first  came  under 
our  lee  Quarter  might  have  taken  Her  with  greatEase. 

Sunday,  20th. — In  the  morning  near  the  Isle  of  'Man  sunk  a 
schooner  laden  with  Barley  t^i:  Oats  about  00  Tons  buithen   from 

_   >  SatrrJny  -n-as  the  !lth  April,  1778.    From  this  entry  to  that'on  Friday  the  24th,  there 
IS  a  ili»crt'p;iucy  of  one  day  lJ^.•[T^-oen  the  day  of  the  -ft-ecli  and  the  month.    "  j.  w.  l>, 

*  JoTiC5,  in  his  report  to  the  American  coramiisioncrs,  -written  on  the  27th  of  Mav,  from 
Brest,  says:  "  On  the  14th  1  toolc  a  Bii-intiue  between  Scilly  and  Caps  Clear,  bound  for 
Osteiid,  witha  cargo  of  tiaxaeed  for  Ireland,  sunk  her,  and  proceeded  into  St.  Gtor-e's 
Cnannci." 

_  ^  Jones  calls  this  ship  tte  Lord  Chatham,  and  says  that  she  was  captured  almost  within 
Sight  of  her  port. 

VOL.    XXIX.  2* 


18  Diary  of  Dr.  Ezra  Green.  [Jan. 

some  part  of  Scotl;^n(l,  in  tlie  Evening  sunk  a  Sloop  in  ballast  from 
Ireland.' 

JSIonchaj,  21^7. — Bore  down  for  Belfast  IjOcIi,  took  a  fishing  Boat 
with  4  Men  in  sight  of  a  Ship  at  anchor  they  informed  Us  tliat  ehe 
■was  a  Man  of  war  of  '?0  guns  ;  we  made  sail  and  stood  off  about  an 
Hour,  when  the  Capt.  ordered  the  tslii[>  to  be  [>nt  about  in  order  to 
go  in  and  cut  lier  out,  but  the  wind  blowing  fresh  and  the  people  un- 
willing to  undertake  it  we  stood  olf  and  on  till  inidui'dit  when  the 
People  consenting  and  the  wind  having  lulled  a  little  v/e  stood  into  the 
Eiver  but  it  being  somewhat  Dark  did  not  drop  our  Anchor  so  as  to 
lay  her  along  side,  therefore  were  oblig'd  to  cut  and  run  out,  which 
we  were  very  lucky  in  effecting/ 

Tnesda^i,  22nd. — Stood  off  and  on  all  Dav  with  a  desisju  to  make 
another  Trial  if  the  wind  lulfd  at  night  there  being  no  sig:ns  of  more 
moderate  weather  wore  ship  and  stood  back  towards  Gahvay  Midi — 
■Our  people  very  nnich  fatigued. 

Wedncschnj.  2ord.' — A^'catllcr  somewhat  more  moderate  &  our 
people  a  little  recruited,  Our  enterprising  Capt.  with  about  30  men 
Avent  on  shore  about  11  P.M.  with  a  Design  to  lire  the  Town  of 
"Whitehaven.' 

^  Jones  5nys  with  regard  to  the-e  affairs  :  "  On  the  18th.  in  Glentine  bay,  on  the  sonth 
coast  of  Scotland,  I  met  with  a  revenue  wherry  ;  it  being  the  common  practice  of  the.»c 
Tcssels  to  boani  mereliarit  ships,  the  K  mger  then  havin^:  no  external  appearance  of  war, 
it  was  expected  that  this  rover  v.oidJ  come  alon;j.side.  I  was,  however,  mistaKCu ;  fur 
thoucrh  the  men  were  at  their  quarters,  yet  this  vessel  outsailed  the  Ranker,  and  got  clear 
in  spite  of  a  severe  ca'innnido. 

"  The  next  niornin-'  (lOcli)  off  the  Mull  of  Galloway,  I  found  myself  so  near  a  Scotch 
Coastin,:^  Schooner,  loaded  witii  barley,  that  I  could  not  avoid  sinking  her.  L'Tider>tLindins 
that  there  were  ten  or  tv,-elve  s  dl  of  merchant  ships,  besides  a  Tender  briicantine  with  a 
number  of  iinpres.>ed  men  on  lioard,  at  anchor  in  Lochran  in  Scotland,,  I  th>jui,dit  this  en- 
terprise worthy  my  aricntion  ;  liut  tlic  wind,  which  at  the  first  would  have  served  e-iuaHy 
well  tr.  vail  in  or  out  of  the  Loch,  shifted  in  a  hard  squall,  so  as  to  blow  almost  directly 
in,  with. 'an  appearance  of  bad  westher.    I  was  thcrcfuru  obliged  to  abandon  mv  project. 

•'  Seeing  a  cutter  cif  tl;e  Ice  bow  steering  for  the  Clyde,  I  gave  chase,  in  hopes  of'cutting 
her  Oif;  but  finding  my  endeavors  inctfectunl,  I  pursued  no  further  than  the  Rock  of  Ailson. 
In  the  evening  I  fell  in  with  a  sloop  from  Dublin,  which  I  sunk." 

-  Joresinhis  report  says:  "The  'ilst,  being  near  Carrickfergus,  a  fishimr  boat  came 
off  whi  h  1  detained.  I  sav,-  a  slnp  at  anchor  in  the  road,  whie'h  I  was  informed  bv  the 
fishermen  v/as  the  Briti>li  ;-hipof  war  Drake,  of  twenty  gnus,  I  determined  to  attack  her 
in  the  night;  my  plan  was  tu  overlay  her  cable,  and  to  full  upon  iier  how,  so  as  to  have  all 
her  decks  open  and  expo-cd  to  our  mu^^quetry,  &c. ;  at  the  same  time,  it  was  mv  intention 
to  have  secured  the  enemy  by  grapnlings.  so  that,  had  they  cut  their  cables.  thev"wou!d  not 
■have  ntrainid  any  a'lva>uag.'.  The  wind  was  high,  and  unfortunately  the  anchor  was 
not  let  go  as  soon  as  tlie  crder  wa«  u'lven.  so  that  the  Ranuer  was  brought  to  upon  the  ene- 
my's quarters  at  the  di  tnnce  of  h,df  a  c.ihlc's  length.  We  had  made  no  warlike  appearance 
of  conite  had  given  noeiarni;  this  determined  me  to  cut  immediately,  which  niiaht  ap- 
pear iis  if  the  cable  had  parted,  and  at  the  -au'c  time  enable  me,  atter  making  a  tack  out 
•  of  the  Loch,  to  return  with  tlie  same  ['ro-pecc  of  advantage  which  I  had  at  rirst.  I  was 
.however  prevented  from  returning,  as  I  with  ditiuulty  weathered  the  light-house  on  the 
lee-side  of  the  Loch,  and  as  tiic  •^ili  increased.  The  weather  now  became  so  veiy  stormy 
and  severe,  and  the  sea  ran  so  high,  that  I  was  obliged  to  take  shelter  under  the  south  shore 
.of  Scotrand." 

•'  Jones's  account  of  this  important  affair  is  as  follows: — 

•'  The  22d  introduced  fair  weatiier,  though  the  three  kingdoms  were,  as  far  as  the  eve 
■coaid  reach,  covered  with  snow.  I  now  resolved  once  more  to  attempt  Whitehaven  ;  but 
the  wind  became  very  ii^dit,  so  that  the  siiip  would  not  in  proper  time  approach  so  nea'r  as 
I  had  intended.  At  midnight  I  left  tlie  sliip  with  two  boats  and  thiitv-onc  volunteers ; 
when  wo  reached  the  outer  pier  the  day  began  to  dawn;  I  wnuhl  not,  however,  ab.mdon 
my  enterpri-c,  but  de-patclied  one  boat  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Hiil  auii  Lieut"  Wallin"-. 
f 'td,  with  the  ncce-saiy  cnmbustihles  to  set  tire  to  the  shipping  on  the  north  side  of  the 
Jjarbor,  while  I  went  vvith  the  other  party  to  attempt  the  south  side.    I  was  successful  in 


1875.]  Diary  of  Dr.  Ezra  Green.  19 

Thnrsdny,  ^Alh. — After  watclung  the  niixht  and  all  the  morning 
till  broad  day  light  in  expectation  uf  seeing  the  smoke  of  the  Town 
£ind  Shipping  (aseend  as  the  smoke  of  a  Furnace)  began  to  fear  that 
Our  Peoi.'le  had  faHen  into  the  Enemies  Hands  ;  lumever  about  ludi" 
an  hour  after  sun  rise  >ve  discovered  two  small  Boats  at  a  great  I  dis- 
tance coming  out  of  the  Kivers  mouth,  and  clouds  of  smoke  ari.-Iug 
from  the  Ship[)ing,  soon  after  we  saw  them  fire  on  the  Boats  iiom 
the  Shore,  but  most  of  tiie  Camion  being  spiked  up  by  our  People 
they  could  do  but  very  little  the  Boats  were  soon  out  of  their  Iveaeh 
and  came  along-side  with  3  prisoners  for  one  left  behind. 

The  same  Dav  crossed  over  to  tlie  other  side  of  the  Bry  to  the 
Mull  of  Galway  Capt.  Jones  witli  Lt.  W'allingsfbrd  and  about  12 
Men  went  on  shore  [at  St.  ]Mary's  Isle]  with  design  to  take 
L*^.  Selkirk,  Prisoner.  As  he  was  not  at  Home  and  no  man 
in  the  House,  for  the  sake  of  his  Lady.&  her  Company  they 
came  off  without  doing  any  further  Damage  than  pkmderiiig  Hiui 

pcalin;:  tlie  -walls  and  spiking  np  all  the  cannon  in  the  first  fort ;  findint:  the  sentinels  Flint  ii'[> 
in  tticV>i:»"l  house,  thev  wen;  tocurcd  -.vithout  being  hurt.  HavioL:  tixcU  sentiials  1  uovv 
took 'a;:;i  :;!C  oil- nvinbiily  (2>Ir.  Giocn),  and  spiked  up  all  the  cannon  in  the  soutlit-ru 
fort,  di-tant  fron>  the  others  a  quarter  of  a-niile. 

"On  my  return  fr^m  tins  husincss,  I  naturally  expected  to  see  the  fire  of  the  ships  on  the 
Rortii  side,  as  well  as  to  tind  mv  own  party  witli  every  thing  in  readiness  to  set  tire  to  the 
shipiiing  on  the  soutii;  instead  of  this,  I  four.d  the  boat  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Hill 
and  Mr.  WaMingford  returued,  and  the  p.a'ty  in  some  confusion,  th'-'ir  liglit  hnvitig  burnt 
out  at  the  instant  when  it  hecnnie  necessary!!  By  the  strangest  fatality,  my  own  jiarty  wen; 
in  the  same  situation,  the  cardies  being  ail  burnt  out.  The  day  too  came  on  apace,  yvt  I 
would  by  no  means  retract  while  any  hopes  of  ^ucccss  remained.  Having  again  ;)h'.ccd  sen- 
tinels, alight  w,is  obtained  at  a  house  di-joined  from  the  town,  and  a  tiie  was  kinaled  in  the 
steerage  of  a  large  sl.iip.  which  was  surrounded  by  at  least  one  hundred  and  fifty  others, 
chiefly  from  two^to  four  hundred  tons  burden,  ancl  lying  side  by  side,  aground  unsurround- 
ed  by"  the  water.  There  were,  be>ide^,  from  seventy  lo  a  hundred  large  ships  on  the  north 
armof  the  harbor,  aground  clear  of  the  water,  and  divided  from  the  rest  only  by  a  stone 
pier  of  a  <hip"s  height.  I  should  (would)  have  kindled  fires  in  other  places  if  the  tiiiio 
had  pcnniited ;  as  ifdid  not,  our  care  was  to  prevent  the  one  kindled  from  beingeasily  extin- 
guished. Ai'ter  some  search,  a  liarrel  of  tar  was  found,  and  poured  into  the  flames,  wliich 
now  ascended  from  all  the  hatchways.  The  inhabit\nts  began  to  appear  in  tiiousands,  and 
individuals  ran  hastily  towards  us.  "l  stood  between  them  and  the  ^hip  on  lire,  witli  a  pis- 
tol in  ray  hand,  and  ordered  them  to  retire,  which  they  did  with  precipitation.  The  fi-'-^ne^ 
had  already  caught  in  tlie  rigging,  and  began  to  ascend  the  mainmast;  tlie  sun  was  a  UiU 
hour's  n.arch  above  the  horizon,  and  as  sleep  no  longer  ruled  the  world,  it  was  time  to  re- 
tire. We  -e-embarked  without  opposition,  having  released  a  number  of  pri.-oncrs,  as  our 
boats  could  not  carrv  them.  After  all  mv  people  had  embarked,  I  stood  upon  tiic  pier  !or 
a  con-iiier.iljle  space",  yet  no  person  advanced;  I  saw  all  the  eminences  around  tlie  town 
covered  witii  the  amazed  inhabitants. 

"  When  we  had  rowe.i  to  a  considerable  distance  from  the  shore,  the  Engli.-h  bc;,'an  to 
run  in  v.:st  nr;m' ers  to  rhcir  hats;  their  disappointments  may  ea.-ily  be  ini.'.g-ued  when 
they  f  und.  I  suppose,  at  lea>t  thirtv  heavy  cannon  rendered  u>eless.  At  length,  iiov.cver; 
they  b.L'im  to  :ire,  having,  as  I  apnrchend,  either  brought  down  ship's  guns,  or  ii-cd  ono 
or  two  cannon  whieh  lav  on  the  beach  at  the  foot  of  the  walls,  dismounted,  an(l  which  had 
not  b^ei! -inked.  They  fired  with  no  direction,  and  the  shot  falling  short  of  the  boats, 
in>tra.l  of  d:  in^  u-^  anV  damage  aff.rded  >()n;c  diver.'-ion  ;  whidi  my  people  could  not  help 
showim:.  ?;y  di-cliaruim,'  theirVi-tols.  &e.  in  return  of  the  salute,  flad  it  been  po-.-iblc  to 
liiive  laridfd  a  few  hr-ur.-  ^noncr,  mv  succcs-;  would  have  lieen  complete.  >ot  a  >i!ig!e  >hip, 
ont  of  mv.>re  tlumtwu  hiindnd,  could  possibly  have  escaped,  and  all  the  world  wuald  not  have 
been  able  to  save  the  tov,-u.  What  was  dene,  however,  is  snrheient  to  >how,  that  not  ail 
their  boasted  navy  can  pr^/cct  their  own  coast-;;  and  that  the  saenes  of  di>tress,  which  they 
h.ive  oc;.-.s:onci!  in  Ami'riea,  n:av  soon  be  broii;:ht  home  to  their  own  door.  One  of  my 
people  wa-  mis.-ing;  and  7nn-t,  I  fear,  have  fdlen  into  the  enemy's  hands  after  our  depar- 
ture. I  WIS  pleasod  tliat  in  this  iMi-iness  we  neither  killed  or  wounded  any  person.  I 
brought  otf  three  prison .ts  as  a  srtnple." 

In  a  ni.-^morial  to  ooiigress  Jones  says,  "  His  first  ohjeet  was  to  secure  an  excbtingc  of 
rriioner ■■  in  liiiropt,  and  hi-^  second  to  put  an  end,  by  one  good  tire  in  England,  of  ship- 
pin^-,  to  ail  t!ic  uumiugs  in  America,''  uud  he  expresses  the  opmion,  that  had  his  ufScers  in 


20  Diary  of  Dr.  Ezra  Green.  [Jan. 

of  Plate  to  tlie  amount  of  (as  near  as  I  can  judcre)  IGOlb.  weight 
of  Silver.' 

Fridaij^  'HAth. — Early  iu  tiic  mornin^r  our  Capt.  proposed  making 
a  second  attempt  to  cut  out  the  8liip  in  Canicf'ergus,  ^vIlicll  was  now 
within  a  small  Distnnce,  the  People  botii  otiicers  &  men  discovr'J 
gread  un-vvillingueps  to  make  the  attempt.  Capt.  Jones  notwithstand- 
ing doclar'd  publickly  his  determination  to  go  iu,  in  short  it  seem'd  im- 
possible to  avoid  it  fur  the  Tide  &  what  little  wind  there  was,   had 

the  Providence  and  Alfred  been  with  him  in  the  Ranjrer,  two  hnnJred  and  fifty  to  three 
hundred  l;i'-;^'e  ships  at  ^V■hitL■haven  would  hiivc  been  laid  in  ashes.  In  the  R^mger's  lo:;- 
book  the  nuui  left  on  ^horei.-;  named  David  Suiith,  and  it  was  thoiiLrlit  lie  reiiiaiued  oa 
shore  voliuiradly,  and  tiiat  uinler  the  name  of  rreeman,  he  gave  iuionuatiori  at,  several 
houses  that  hre  had  bccu  .-ct  to  the  ship.s. 

'  The  attt  upted  Seizure  of  the  Earl  of  Sdkirk,  &,C.— On  the  Sth  of  May  following,  Jones 
wrote  tVi'Mi  lirest  to  the  Countess  of  Selkirk,  with  regard  to  the  taking  of  this  phite.  that 
he  was  obliged  to  conntcraiand  while  he  did  not  approve  of  the  act,  and  thus  exprtsscs  the 
object  of  the  expedition. 

"  Knowing  Lord  Selkirk's  interest  with  the  King,  and  esteeming  as  I  do  his  private  cha- 
racter, I  wished  to  mak^'him  the  happy  instrument  of  alleviating  the  horrors  of  a  hopeless 
captivitv-,  when  the  lirave  are  overpowered  and  made  prisoners  of  war,"  and  "it  was  my 
intention  to  have  taken  hinr  on  board  the  Ranger,  and  to  have  detained  him  until,  through 
his  means,  a  giiieral  and  fair  exchange  of  pri.-oners,  as  well  in  Europe  as  in  Amerii^a.  hid 
been  eif'eeted.  When  I  was  informed,  by  some  men  whom  I  met  at  the  landing,  tha'diis 
Lordship  %vas  i'.i;seu:,  I  w;uked  back  to  my  boat,_  determined  to  leave  the  Island.  Bv^  iha 
way,  however,  some  officers  who  were  with  nie, 'could  nut  forbear  expressing  their  discon- 
tent, obser\ing  tliat,  in  America,  no  delicacy  ^vas  shown  Ijy  the  English,  who  toi/k  away 
all  sorts  of  niovi able  property — setting  fire  not  only  to  towns,  and  to  the  houses  of  the 
rich,  vriihont  distinction,  butnot  even  sparing  the  wret-jhed  hainlets  and  milch  cows  of  the 
poor  and  helpless,  at  the  approach  of  an  inclement  winter.  That  party  hud  been  wirh  nie 
the  same  morningat  Whitehaven  ;  some  complaisance,  cherefore,  was  tlieir  due.  I  had  Int  a 
moment  to  think'how  I  might  gratify  them,  and  at  the  same  time  do  your  ladyship  the 
least  injury.  I  cliarg-'d  two  otlicers  "to  permit  none  of  the  seamen  to  enter  the  house,  or  to 
hurt  anything  ;ibout"it, — to  treat  you.  Madam,  with  the  utmost  respect,  to  accept  of  the 
plate  wiiich  was  offered,  and  to  come  away  without  making  a  search,  or  demanding  any 
thing  else. 

"  I  am  induced  to  believe  I  was  punctually  obeyed;  since  I  am  informed,  that  the  plate 
which  they  brought  away  is  f.ir  short  of  the  quaiiray  expressed  in  the  inventory  which 
accompanied,  it.  I  have  .gratified  my  men  ;  and  when  the  plate  is  sold  I  shall  become  the 
purchaser,  and  will  gratify  my  own  "leelicgs  by  restoring  it  to  you,  by  such  conveyance 
as  you  shall  please  to  direct." 

Lord  Selkirk  wrote  a  letter  in  reply,  intimating  that  he  would  .accept  the  return  of  the 
plate,  if  made  by  order  of  congress, "but  not  if  redeemed  by  individual  genero-ity.  The 
letter,  however,  was  detaim-d  in  the  general  post  office,  Londo'.  ,  and  returned  to  the  earl, 
who  rc'iiiested  a  gentleman  to  communicate  the  cause  of  i.J  ndscarringe  and  its  tenor 
orally  to  Dr.  Franklin,  who  at  once  inform.ed  .Jones  of  the  sub-tances  of  the  comnmni- 
cation.  Meanwhile  the  plate  had  fallen  into  the  hands  of  the  prize  agents,  and  it  was  not 
until  the  beginning  of  1730,  and  by  the  purchase  of  seventeen  twentieths  of  it,  that  Jones 
obtained  possession  of  it.  When  he  had  succeeded  in  ctleeting  this  oiyect,  he  v/rote  ag;nn 
to  the  Countess  of  Selkirk;  but  his  voyage  to  America  retarded  its  delivery  until  17bt. 
It  was  eventually  returned  in  the  same  condition  in  which  it  had  been  removed,  and  Lord 
Selkirk  subsequently  acknowledged,  a«  th-  following  extracts  from  his  letter  to  Paul  Jones, 
dated  London,  August  4,  17S0,  the  unwearied  paius  Jones  had  taken  to  secure  its  resto- 
ration. 

"  I  received  the  letter  voa  wrote  to  me  at  tV.c  time  you  sent  off  my  plate,  in  order  for 
restorii:g  ir.  Had  I  knoVn  where  to  direct  a  letter  to  you,  at  ihe  time  it  raTived  in  Scot- 
land, I  would  then  have  wrote  you.  *  »■  •  Notw!thstandii;g  all  the  precaution  you 
took  for  the  easy  and  utintcrni'pted  convey:ince  of  the  plate,  yi't  it  met  v,-ith  con-iderable 
delays;  first  at  Calais,  next  at  Dover,  then  at  London;  liowever,  it  at  lest  :irrived  at  Dura- 
fries",  and  I  dare  sav  quite  safe,  tiiough  as  vet  I  have  not  seen  it,  being  then  in  Ediaiairgh." 
"  I  intended  to  have  put  an  artiele  in  the  nevrspapers  a!)out  your  having  returned  it  *  * 
and  on  all  occasi''ns  bcth  now  and  formerly,  I  have  done  you  the  Justice  to  tell,  that  you 
made  an  oti'er  of  returning  the  plate  verv  soon  after  your  return  to  Bresc;  and  although 
you  yourself  was  not  at  riiy  house,  but  rema-ncd  at  the  sli(>re  with  your  boat,  that  yet  yoa 
had  your  ot^cers  and  men  in  sneh  extraordinary  good  di=cipliue,  that  your  having  given 
them  the  strictest  orders  to  Oehave  well,  to  do  no  injury  of  any  kind,  torn  d^c  no  search,  but 
only  to  iiring  otf  what  phire  na-  given  them  ;  that  in  reality  they  did  exactly  as  ordered, 
and  tliat  not  one  man  oti'ered  to  stir  fro'.u  his  post  on  the  outside  of  tho  house,  nor  entered 


1875.]  Dlai^j  of  Dr.  Ezra  Green.  21 

impcrccptablv  carry'd  us  in  so  far  that  tlicre  was  very  little  olinnce 
for  nil  Escape,  and  now  wliieli  Avas  about  ,-«un-risc  Ave  saw  tlio  Ship 
with  Iler  Sails  loos'cl  and  had  nothing  to  do  but  to  get  ready  for 
Action  Our  reo})lc  at  the  same  Time^liscovering  the  greatest  readi- 
ness to  engage  Ik-c.  When  t^he  [the  Sloo[)  of  war  Drake]  came  out 
at  1 1  alinoft  Calm  about  1  2  Saw  a  Ijoat  coming  from  the  Ship  which 
we  Decoy 'd  and  took  on  board  a  ^Midshipman  S^  /)  Men  ;  there  Ijcing 
a  light  Drceze  of  "Wind  &  understanding  by  the  People  from  the  Ship 
that  she  was  c<->ming  Out  to  us  ;  clung  our  wind  and  stood  out  under 
easy  sail  till  4  O'clock,  V.M.  &  hove  too  for  Ilcr,  she  came  up  ai)Out 
6  and  hailed  after  the  usual  Compliments  Avere  pass'd  avc  Avore  Ship 
and  gave  her  a  Avhole  broad  side,  AAithout  receiving  a  Shot :  the 
Action  continued  till  5  minutes  after  scAcn  very  Avarm  Avhen  her  2 
Commanding  OfficGrs  being  the  one  Capt.  Brurdon  killed  c*t  the 
other  Lt.  Dobbs  mortally  wounded  and  about  20  of  Iler  .Men  dis- 
abled and  the  Ships  Eigging  Sails  &c.  very  much  damaged  tliey 
were  oblig'd  to  give  her  up  by  the  Avave  of  the  Hat  c^  a  call  for 
Quarters  for  having  the  Second  Time  cut  aAvay  their  Ensign  staft' 
they  had  no  Culoms  to  Strike. 

Lost  on  our  side, — Lt.  AVallingsford*  killed  by  a  musket  shot  in 
the  head..  Jolm  ^y.  Dangle  by  a  double  IP.  shot  cut  in  two  in  the 
Fore  Top. 

Wounded, — Pierce  PoAvers  lost  his  right  Hand,  &  his  left 
badly  Avounded.  James  Falls  by  a  musket  shot  through  the 
Shoulder.  Tho'.  Tavlor  lost  his  little  Finger  bv  a  musket  shot  at 
the  Avheel. 

Saturdaij,  2Dth. — Very  pleasant  and  almost  Calm  a  fine  Oppor- 
tunity for  repairing  and  fitting  for  Sea  from  on  board  the  Drake 
buried  the  Remains  of  Capt."  Burdon  Avith  the  Honors  of  Avar — 
spoke  a  Brigg  from  Avhite  Haven  of  about  300  Tons  commanded  by 
Capt.  ]More^  put  a  Prize  ^Master  and  Hands  on  Board  Her  :  at  12 
we  AA'cre  not  for  from  the  place  of  action  about  2  Oclock  1  .\i.. 
haA-ing  a  light  Breeze  sent  aAvay  the  Fisliing  Boat's  creAV  with  a  pre- 
sent of  Tvloney  17  Guineas  and  the  Drakes  Main  Sail  &  ]M".  Top 
Sail ;  in  the  Evening  committed  the  Body  of  Lt.  Wallingsford  to  the 
deep  Avith  the  Homjurs  due  to  so  brave  an  Officer. 

Jlondwf,  4:th  J/r/y.— Died  of  his  Avounds  and  the  same  day  Avere 
decently  buried  tlie  Piemains  of  Xath'.  Wells  of  Portsmouth,  America. 

Thiirs'lrnj,  Jfv/  Ith. — Arrived  at  Brest  Avith  the  Ship  Drake  in 
Company. 

the  doors,  nor  said  an  uncivil  worrl;  tb;it  the  two  officers  staid  not  a  quarter  of  an  hour 
in  the  pnrlor  nnd  the  bntl.n'j  piiniry,  wliile  tho  butler  cot  the  plate  tnn-cthor,  bchnvcii  po- 
h'tely,  aiiil  ,i>kpd  fur  nor!iiii,2  Imt  the  plate,  ::nJ  iiistantiv  marched  tla-ir  men  otf  in  recuiur 
order,  and  th  't  ;M>th  citice:?  and  nun  l.eliavcd  in  all  respects  so  well,  that  it  '.voukl  hiwe 
done  credit  •'o  the  hf5t  di.-ciplined  troops  whatever." 

'  Lieut,  Wnllinprfoid's  rliri?t!an  nam'-- was  Sanincl.  Doct.  Green  told  bis  son  he  tva?  a 
lieuicn;nc  of  mirincs.  His  son  Geor.'e  AVashiiisiton  Wallincford,  horn  in  Somcr-v.orth, 
N.  II.,  and  an  inr^.n:  rwo  ;ii'-,!iths  old  it  the  time  uf  his  fatiicr'j  death,  was  a  dijdn_-iiished 
lawyer  of  Maine.     (See  AViilis's  Laic  and  Laicijers  of  Maine,  pp.  -ij'l,  256.) 


22  Diary  of  Dr.  Ezra  Green.  [Jan. 

May  ^th,  Saturday. — Sent  on  Shore  to  tlie  Hospital  Pierce 
Powers,  James  Falls  &  TI«o\  Taylor  fi-oni  the  liangcr  at  the  t-amc 
Time  sent  from  tlie  Drake  13  Prisoners. 

/Sunday,  lOlh  2Iay. — Arrived  here  the  Prize  Bri;:,^  Patience. 

Wednesday,  13///. — Sent  to  t!ie  Hospital  Jolin  Molt  a  Prisoner 
takcii  in  the  Dniice. 

Friday,  '2\)  May. — Drew  a  petition  in  behalf  of  my  j^ood  I'riend 
Simpson  now  in  goal  in  Brest  which  Avas  sii^nM  by  Lt.  Hall  ]\P. 
CuUam  and  myself  &  sent  on  shore  to  the  OtKce  ia  order  to  go  to 
the  Commissioners  at  Paris. 

21iursday,  ISth  June.  —  Kec'd  the  news  of  an  Engagement 
between  a  French  &  English  Frigate  not  far  from  ]Morleaux,  the 
French  Frig,  was  ordered  out  to  xUlm'  Byron  to  speak,  she  refiis'd 
to  Obey  therefore  were  fired  on  by  the  Eng —  the  action  began 
about  half  past  4  on  the  afternoon  of  yesterday  and  continued  5 
hours,  though  the  Eng*'  struck  they  were  prevented  bringing  her  off 
by  Admi  Byron's  Squadron  12  sail  of  the  Line  besides  Frigr.tes — - 
the  French  Friirate  lost  1  Lt.  1  otEcer  of  Marines  and  38  men  killed. 
and  about  GO  Avounded. 

Thursday,  2nd  July. — Had  the  company  of  Col'  Frazier  &  ?.!'. 
Pringle  to  Dine,  a^\ernoon  went  with  them  &  Lieut\  Simpson  cc  Hull 
on  board  the  Britaigne  of  110  Guns  &  1-100  Z\[en  were  treated  with 
the  gi-eatest  civility  &  Respect  from  all  on  Board. 

Friday,  "drd  July. — This  day  arrived  a  Schooner  called  the 
Spy  from  Xew  London  with  Dispatches  n-om  Congress. 

Saturday,  July  Ath. — This  being  the  xVnniversary  of  xlmcni'an 
Independence,  was  observed  as  such  Our  Ship  was  drecsed  13  guns 
discharg'd  at  10  O'clock ;  At  imdressing  13  more ;  on  drinking  the 
Duke  de  Chartre's  PIcalth  9  guns  were  fired ;  a  number  of  Patriotic 
Toast  were  drank ;  and  universal  Joy  was  diffused  throughout  the 
■whole  Ship's  company. 

Wednesday,  Jury  Sth. — This  day  the  Flee*  sail'd  from  this  Place 
about  33  sad  of  the  Line  besides  Frigates. 

Thursday,  dth. — This  Day  arrived  here  a  Brig  from  Carolina 
with  Kice — no  news    C.  Pay. 

Friday,  July  10th. — This  Day  the  Lively  Ship  of  war  was 
brought  into  this  harbour.  On  her  refusing  to  comply  with  the 
commands  of  Capt.  of  the  Frigate  by  which  she  was  taken,  she  re- 
ceiv'd  a  broadside  from  the  Cannon  &  the  fire  from  the  Swivels  & 
musketry  both  from  below  and  aloft,  which  was  returned  by  3  gams 
when  she  struck.  Her  loss  was  about  -0  kilfd  &  40  wounded  most 
of  whom  are  since  dead. 

Friday,  July  11th. — This  day  was  brought  in  here  the  prize 
Cutter  Alert  of  12  guns,  the  same  which  took  the  Lexington  Brig 
of  14  guns  Joimson  Conim'.     She  was  taken  by  a  Frigate. 

Sujiday^  28  June  last  were  brought  hi  hero  Two  Cutters  from 
Guernsey  taken  hj  Frigate  Snow. 


1875.]  Biary  of  Dr.  Ezra  Green.  23 

WednesQlay,  22  July. — Ecc'd  the  news  of  C.  De  Astangs  anival 
in  Lostoii. 

Monday,  July  'lltJi. — This  day  Thomas  Simpson  Esq'^  came  on 
board  with  orders  to  take  eomraand  oi'  the  liangcr ;  to  the  joy  and 
Satisfaction  of  the  whole  Sliips  company. 

Tuesday,  July2SlIi. — Thid  Day  arrived  from  the  Lamp  [illegible] 
of  GO  guns,  "\nth  news  of  an  Engagement  between  the  Fleets. 

M^ednesday,  July  2?>fh. — Last  night  arrived  a  74  'J'kis  Day 
arrived  the  Elcet,  excepting  1  of  80  1  of  GO  and  1  Frigate,  wliieh 
they  say  parted  from  them  in  the  Fog — they  appear  to  have  sustained 
no  very  considerable  Damage  in  the  late  F'ight. 

Saturday,  A.u.gt.  8th. — Sent  to  the  Hospital  three  oftlie  Drake's 
People  ^iz  :  Jn°  AViUdnson  Pilot  Jokn  Colbert  &  John  Pickets 
Seamen. 

Sunday,  Augt  9fh. — Sent  to  the  Hospital  Joseph  Larcher  a 
Prisoner  irom  y"  Drake. 

Saturday  15. — Last  night  arrived  Here  the  Barton  &,  Provi- 
dence, AVhipple  4&  Tucker  from  2> antes. 

'  This  chsinge  of  coTnmrir.ders  wa«  at  Jones's  reqn<^st  on  thc'4th  of  July.  He  wrote  to  the 
comniJ.->ioners  at  Paris, — "  When  Congress  thought  proper  to  order  me  to  France  it  -was 
I'Toposcd  that  the  Banger  shoukl  remain  under' my  direction,  not  be  commanded  by  a 
Lieuten;iat.  And  as  the  French  ministry  have  now  in  coutemplarion  plans  which  pro- 
mise honor  to  the  American  riag,  the  Ranger  might  be  very  nsct'ul  in  carrying  tlicm  into 
execntion.  Lient.  Simpson  has  certainly  beiiaved  amiss;  yet  I  can  forgive,  as  well  as  re- 
sent; and  npon  his  making  a  proper  concession.  I  will  Avitu  your  appronation  not  only 
forgive  the  past,  bnt  leave  him  the  command  of  the  Ranger.  By  this  means,  and  by  some 
little  promotions  and  attentions,  I  hope  to  be  able  to  satisfy  the  Ranger's  crew,  so  that 
they  wiil  postpone  their  retnrn  as  long  as  the  service  may  requu'C." 

On  the  loth  of  August,  he  wrote'the  commissioners  from  Brest,  "  I  have  been 'five 
days  in  this  place  since  my  retnrn  from  Passy,  during  which  time  I  have  neither  seen 
nor  heard  from  Liei:t.  Simpson;  but  Mr.  Hill, '  who  wa's  kit  winter  at  Passy,  and  who 
sailed  wi'h  me  from  Xantos,  informs  me  truly,  that  it  is  generally  reported  in  the  Ranger, 
and  of  course  throughout  the  French  fleet  and  on  shore,  that  I  ain  turned  out  of  the  <cnice  ; 
that  you  gentlemen  have  given  Mr.  Simpson  my  j^lace,  with  a  Captain's  cummi.-sion,  and 
that  my  letter  to  you  of  the  Ifith  of  July,  was  involuntary  on  my  part,  and  in  oficdience 
only  to  your  orders."  That  these  reports  prevail,  is  not  an  idle  conjecture,  but  a  melan- 
choly fact.  Tliorefore,  I  beseech  you;  I  demand  of  you  to  ailord  me  redress — redress  by 
a  Louvt  martial,"  &c.  'On  the  loth  of  August,  he  wrote  Capt.  Abraham  Whipple,  then  at 
Brest,  req^uestirg  that  a  court  martial  might  be  summoned  for  the  trial  of  Simpson,  but 
Capt.  Whipple  writes  him,  explaining  the  inipossiiiility  of  forming  a  court,  and  expressing 
it  as  his  opinion,  that  as  he  had  given  up  the  parole  of  Simpson,  iu  the  most  ample  manner 
without  asking  for  concessions,  notlang  could  be  done. 

^Liout.  Simpson  sailed  in  the  Ranger" for  .\meriea.  On  the  SOth  of  August,  Jones's  friend 
Mr.  Williams,  writing'  to  him  from  Xantes,  iu  relation  to  the  pendiui;;  sale  of  the  I)ral>e,  said, 
••  I  am  sorry  your  affair  with  Lietit.  Simpson  was  not  settled  with  mutual  sati-factioa.  if 
he  was  not  gone,  I  should  answer  his  charge  of  falsehood  with  the  following  paragraph  of 
his  own  ktter  to  me,  of  the  1st  of  Aueust,  to  mine,  which  vou  sav  he  calls  false,  viz  :  '  I 
recollect  my  telling  you  when  at  Eresi,  that  if  Capt.  Jones'had  co'ndescendcLHo  have  made 
P-uy  inquiry,  or  permitted  him  to  speak  to  mc  on  the  matter  of  my  confinement.  I  was 
ready  to  give  him  any  satisfaction  consonant  with  truth.'  It  is  strange  he  should  recollect 
this  when  he  wrote  me  the  letter,  and  forget  it  again  wlien  he  told  Mr.  Hill  it  v>-a>  false. 
Lieut.  Simpson's  letter  to  me  is  in  very  rcspeeifiil  terms,  and  I  wrote  him  a  letter  of  thanks 
in  return.  He  il<?ired  me  to  present  his  respects  to  you,  and  tell  you  that  <your  recorn- 
menuation  to  the  commis?ioners,  which  I  nientioucd,  wouhl,  with  any  ser^-iees  you 
had  done  him,  be  ever  remembered  with  gratitmie.'  " 

The  Ranger  anived  sail-  in  America,  and  Lieut.  Simpson  was  continued  in  command 
of  her  until  she  was  destroyed  at  Charleston,  after  which  we  hcarno  more  of  him  in  the  naval 
service. 

In  February  following,  the  commissioners  addressed  a  letter  to  Jones,  stating,  th.at  as  hi? 
separation  from,  the  Ran.er,  and  the  appointment  of  Lieut.  Simp<:on  to  the  couTmand  of  her 
woiild  be  liaMe  to  uij-iei.re.-entatinn,  they  certitied  that  his  Iciiving  her  was  by  their  con- 
sent, at  the  express  request  of  M.  de  Sartine,  who  iufoimed  them  that  he  had  occasion  to 


24  Diary  of  Dr.  Ezra  Green.  [Jan. 

TJn'.rsdatj,  20th  Augt. — ]\Ioved  down  in  Company  with  the 
Providence  &  Boston  Frigates,  about  four  Leagues  &,  came  too,  to 
give  the  People  an  Op|)ortuiiitj  of  expending  tlicir  Prize  Money.  I 
had  a  very  FaliguiTig  Time  up  to  lirest  on  business  for  Capt.  Simp- 
Bon  and  the  widow  of  my  deceas'd  }"\icnd  J^t.  AVallingford  for 
whom  I  hought  32  Crowns  worth. 

I^riday,  Hsl. — Very  little  wind  this  morning  came  to  Sail  <.*c 
got  down  about  2  Leagues  &  anchored.  At  3  P.  M.  came  to  Sail 
again  and  ran  out  with  a  line  Breeze. 

Saturday,  22. — Very  fine  weather  in  the  morning  saw  a  Sail 
ahead  were  order'd  by  our  Commodore  to  give  chase  came  up  with 
Her  about  5  P.  jNL  a  Spanish  Snow  bound  to  Haver  du  Grace. 
Sunday,  2'?>rd.  Auy. — Chased  a  Dutchman  all  Day. 
JMonday,  24. — Spoke  Brig  calfd  tlie  Sally  from  London  laden 
with  Provisions,  Beef  Floured  Butter,  150  Tons  Burthen.  Sent  her 
to  America.  Lat.  45.32  Long.  10.22. 

Wednesday,  September  2nd. — Being  in  chase  in  Latt.  47.21 
Long.  21.24:  at  3  P.  M.  carry *d  away  Our  fore  Top  Mast  and  ^lain 
Top  pall.  Mast. 

Wednesday,  SejJt.  Qfh.—Latt.  46.7  Long.  36.29.    Took  a  Brig 
called  the  Frionds  from  Granada  bound  to  Glasco  with  Bum  &  Cot- 
ton about  100  Tons  Burden.    10  Bags  Cotton  134  Puncheons  Bum. 
Wednesday,   IGth  Sept\     in  Latt.  45.45  Long.  41.47    Took  a 
Snow  from  Xewfouudland  Laden  with  Fish  150  Tons  Burthen. 

Thursday  11  ih. — 7  Jiorn  gave  chase  to  a  large  Ship  to  windward 
as  far  as  we  could  see  them  from  Top  of  mast  head  7  in  the  Evening, 
came  verv  near  them  but  niirht  cominp-  on  lost  siirht  of  them. 

Friday,  25th  September. — In  Latt.  44.45  had  soundings  on  the 
Banks  of  Newfoundland  in  82  Fathoms,  Foggy. 

Sunday,  21th  Sept. — Sj)oke  a  Brig  from  Amsterdam  called  the 
William  Bobert  Stonchouse  Comm""  bound  to  Boston  the  same  Day 
saw  an  Island  of  Ice  at  a  Distance  which  had  iie  appearance  of  a 
Lofty  Sail  we  pass'd  v>ithin  a  League  of  it  to  windward.  The  Brig 
ia  Laden  with  Tea  and  Cordage. 

employ  Jones  in  some  piiblic  service  -,  that  Simpson  -n-as  appointed  to  the  command  by  the 
consent ef  Jones,  -nho  hiid  released  liim  from  the  arre>t  he  liad  placed  liim  under:  that 
Jones's  rank  in  tlie  navy  was  not  prejudicecl  by  his  leaving  the  Hanger;  and  that  his  com- 
mission remained  in  full  force. 

In  a  letter  addressed  to  Roliert  Morris,  dated  Oct.  10,1783,  Jones  says,  he  "received 
orders  to  i)roeeed  to  Europe,  to  command  tlic  greac  fripitc  budding  at  Amsterdam,  Jbr  the 
U.S.;  tl;en  called  the  Indien,  and  since  the  .South  C'arolin,-.," — and  "it  was  proposed 
that  he  should  proceed  to  Fnmce  in  a  sliip  l;olongiiig  to  tliat  Ivii.tjdom ;  but,  some  difnoulties 
arising,  tlie  ^loo[J  of  war  Hanger  of  IS  gmis  was  put  under  liis  command  for  that  service, 
and  to  serve  e-ftcrwards  as  a  tender  to  tlie  Indien,  but  political  reasons  defeated  the  plan, 
and  after  seeing  the  conimi<siuners  in  Paris,  agn  ealjly  to  their  order  to  consult  on  the  means 
of  carrying  it  into  execution,  he  retiii-ued  to  Nantes  and  resumed  the  command  of  the 
Ranger." 


1875.]  The  Wilcox  Famihj.  25 


I 


THE  WILCOX  fa:\iily. 

By  W.  II.  W'kituoi.k,  A.M.,  Eostou. 

T  seems  that  William  Wilcox,  of  Cambridge,  who  died  Nov.  28, 
1G53,  in  his  Avill  dated  two  days  before  (JaEG.  xvi.  7G),  mentioius 
his  Vt'ife  then  sick.  From  the  liev.  Lucius  It.  Paige  I  lenru  tliat 
AVilliaiii  ^\'iJcox  m.  ]\Lary  Powell,  Jan.  22,  1G50. 

On  our  Bostou  records  (Peg.  xi.  200)  I  fmd  '"Jacob  Elliot  wa.-; 
niarryed  to  Mary  Wilcock,  widow,  9  :  11  :  5-1  :  by  Cnpt.  Iluiiiphrey 
Atherton." 

Savage  indeed  writes  :  "Wilcox,  John,  Dorchester,  whose  young 
widow  m.  9  Jan'y,  1651-5,  Jacob  Eliot."  But  in  this  he  was  clearly 
wrong.  On  the  Dorchester  records  (MS.  vol.  i.  pp.  105,  141)  it 
seems  indeed,  that  a  John  Wilcox  was  in  the  spring  of  IGGl  and  of 
1GG2,  twice  appointed  a  fence  viewer.  He  m.  widovr  Mary  Eains- 
worth,  and  deeds  land  in  1661  and  1G65.  But  this  proves  too  much, 
for  this  John  did  not  have  a  widow  six  years  before.  I  find  no  other 
John  V>'ilcox  in  Dorchester,  and  this  John  ^s'as  certainly  the  Middle- 
town  man.     We  must  look  elsewhere  for  Eliot's  vdfe. 

It  seems  therefore  almost  certain  that  Jacob  Elliot's  wife  Vy-as 
]Mary,  widov,-  of  William  AVilcox,  of  Cambridge ;  since  she  was  a 
widow  and  the  only  one  we  know  of. 


Leaving  out  of  sight  eome  early  settlers  of  the  name  in  Phode 
Island,  we  find  that  there  was  a  Jolm  Wilcox,  of  Hartford  (liinman, 
first  ed.  98),  surveyor  of  highways  1642  and  1644,  juror  1645, 
called  senior  in  1648  (TnmibuR's  Conn.  Pec.  i.  172),  selcctraan  in 
1649.  He  must  have  died  before  Oct.,  1666,  when  his  widov/ 
makes  her  wiU. 

His  Avidow  Mary's  v/ill  was  dated  Oct.  4,  1666  :  she  mentions 
dau.  Ann  IlaU,  cousin  {i.  e.  gi-and-clnld)  Sarah  Long,  son  John 
Cidwell.  An  abstract  of  this  and  other  papers  will  be  found  in 
Appendix  A. 

It  ii  evident  as  the  fiither  is  called  John,  Sen.,  in  1648,  that  he 
then  had  a  son  John,  Jr.,  of  adult  age,  and  we  identify  this  latter  with 

Johtn  Wu.cox,  of  Hartford,  who  m.,  first,  Sarah,  dau.  of  William 
Wadsworth,  Sept.  17,  1646,  and  had: 
i.      Sarah,  b.  Oot.  3,  IG48. 

Ilis  wife  d}*ing,  he  m.,   second,  January  18,    1G50,   Catherine 
Stoughton,  moved  to  Middletown,  and  had  several  children,  viz.  : 
ii.     John,  b.  Oct.  29,  1G50 ;  d.  before  hi^  father, 
iii.    Thomas,  d.  before  his  father. 
i/.    Mary,  b.  jSTov.  13, 10-31 ;  d.  before  her  father. 
VOL.  xn2.  3 


26  27^6  Wilcox  Famihf.  [Jan. 

V.     Israel,  b.  June  10,  1056, 
vi.    Samuel,  b.  Nov.  9,  Kw58. 

This  wife  dying,  he  m. ,  ibird,  Marj,'  widow  of  Joseph  FarnswortJi, 
of  Dorchester  ;  before  that,  widov/of Long,  who  died  in  1G71. 

He  m.,  fourth,  Esther,  dan.  of  Williaia  Cornwell,  and  had: 

Tii.  Ephiuirn,  b.  July  9,  1072. 
viii.  Esther,  b.  Dec.  9,  IGTo. 
ix.    Mary,  b.  March  24,  1G76. 

He  d.  May  24,  1676.  March  1,  1676-7  (Co.  Court  r.ec.  iii. 
161),  the  court  ordered  distribution.  On  the  inventory  (400  L.,  ii. 
4)  it  is  note'l  :  "The  children  of  tlic  deceased  are,  Sarali  Long,  near 
28  years  old:  Israel,  20  year  old;  Samuel,  Nov.  9,  '76,  lb  year 
old;  Ephraim,  4  year  old  9  July,  1676  ;  Hester,  2  years  old  Dec. 
the  last,  1675  :  Mary  was  born  tlie  9,  1675-6." 

These  dates  do  not  agree  v/ith  the  births  as  above  recorded. 

Ann  ("Wilcox)  Hall.  It  is  stated  in  the  Yv'etmore  genealogy, 
apparently  from  the  Middletown  records,  that  "Ann,  \die  of  John 
Hall  and  daughter  of  John  Vv'ilcocke,  died  July  20,  1673,  aged 
about  57."  She  was  of  course  the  daughter  of  John  Wilcox,  Sen. 
Her  husband  vras  John  Hall,  Jr. ,  son  of  John  of  Hartford  and  Middle- 
town,  who  hadii^cd  in  Xew-Englaud  40  years  before  his  death  in  1673. 

Sa,vage  indeed  doubts  if  she  might  not  be  a  second  wife  of  John 
Hall,  Sen.  ;  but  this  is  impossible.  First,  as  John  Hall,  Sen.,  died 
May  26,  1673,  Anne  would  have  been  called  his  widow,  not  his 
wife,  two  liiontlis  later. 

Again,  John  Hall,  Sen.'s  will  dated  ]May  14,  1673,  as  copied  by 
Mr.  Tininibull,  mentions  son  llichard  Hall  and  his  children,  son  John 
Hall,  children  of  daughter  Sarah  AVetmer,  deceased,  son  Thomas 
Wetmer;  gives  10  slid,  towards  a  school;  and  gives  the  remainder 
of  his  estate  to  son  Samuel  Hall  and  his  heirs. 

But  he  mentions  no  wife,  and  it  is  incredible  that  he  should  have 
had  oj.e  living  but  unnoticed. 


We  do  not  doubt  then  that  the  "An  Haul"  mentioned  by  the  widow 
of  Jo] iu  Wilcox,  Sen.,  as  her  daughter,  was  Anne,  wife  of  John 
Hall,  Jr.,  and  sister-in-law  of  Sarah  Hall,  wife  of  Thomas  "Whit- 
more,  of  Hartford,  ancestor  of  the  Wctniores  of  this  country.  - 

It  is  a  coincidence  certainly  that  whilst  John  Wilcox,  Sen.,  of 
IVIiddlctown,  had  a  dan.  Ann  who  m.  John  Rail,  Jr.,  of  that  p«iace 
(sister-in-k-NV  of  Sarah,  wife  of  Thomas  Whitmore) ,  the  Cambridge 
William  Wilcox  mentions  in  his  will  a  sisier,  the  widow  Hall,  whose 
children  were  Vv'iliiani  and  Susan.  A^'e  identify  her  with  the  widow 
Mary  HaU,  of  Cambridge,  who  had  children  John,  Susanna,  Stephen, 
Wilham,  jMary,  Hannah  and  Lydia. 

It  is  curious  that  John  Wilcox,  Sen.,  had  a  dau.  Ann  Hall,  and 

*  The  proofs  of  this  marriage  are  amplj  set  forth  in  Appendix  B. 


1875.]  The  Wilcox  Family.  27 

William  TMlcox  a  sister  Mary  Hall ;  but  tiiis  may  point  to  some  con- 
nection in  England  between  John  and  A\'illiam  V\'iIcox,  and  bct^vccn 
the  HalJs  of  ^liddletown  and  tlie  Plalls  of  Cam  bridge. 

Francis  WlutinorCj  of  Cambridge,  is  mentioned  by  William  A\'i]cox 
as  one  in  his  "-  iimiily  meeting."  Xow  believing  as  we  do  that  J:ico!> 
Eliot,  Jr.,  m.  the  widow  Wilcox,  it  is  to  be  noted  that  Dea.  Julm 
Whitmore  (son  of  Francis)  m.  Kachel,  dau.  of  Francis  Eliot,  o'.\n 
cousin  to  Jacob  E.,  Jr.,  and  Abigail  Whitmore,  sister  of  Dea.  Joim, 
m.  Samuel  Wilcox,  of  ]Middleto\Nm,  son  of  John  W.,  Jr.  A<--ain,' 
MaryStoughton,  niece  of  John  Wilcox,  Jr.,  and  sister  of  the  A\Tfc  of 
Samuel  Farnsworth,  m.  John  Eliot,  gTandson  of  tlie  l\ev.  John  E., 
and  cousin  once-removed  to  Jacob,  Jr.,  and  to  Kachel  Eliot. 

Although  there  was  no  known  relation  between  Tiiomas  Whitmore, 
of  Middletown,  and  Francis  Whitmore,  of  Cambridi^-e,  it  is  some- 
what strange  that  Francis's  oldest  son,  Francis,  Jr.,  went  to  ]\Iiddle- 
town,  as  did  two  of  his  daughters,  who  m.  respectively  Daniel 
I\Jarkham  and  Samuel  Wilcox."  V>v.t  if  the  ]Middietown  Vv'ilcoxes, 
Halls  and  ^Vhitmores  were  relatives  of  the  Camlnidge  AV^ilcoxcs, 
Halls  and  "vViiiimores,  then  such  a  removal  would  be  natural.  Tneso 
cohicidcTices,  added  to  the  cross-man-iages  and  the  Eliot  connections, 
seem  to  go  far  to  render  such  relationships  higldy  probable. 

Leicestershire  is  bounded  by  the  counties'  east  by  Lincoln  and 
Kutland,  south  by  Xorthampton,  west  hy  V/arwick  and  Derby  (Staf- 
ford almost  touching  it),  north  by  Xottingham. 

It  is  worthy  of  notice  that  the  visitation  of  Leicestershire  mentions 
the  following  lamilies,  giving  pedigrees  thereof,  yiz.  :  Wilcocks, 
Hastmgs,  Fox,  and  Hall,  rendering  it  desirable  to  examine  tlie  re- 
cords of  that  county  first,  in  order  to  find  the  origin  of  these  colon^ts. 
Wilham  Wilcox,  of  Cambridge,  mentions  particularly  the  son  of 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Shepard,  "for  whose  father's  sake  I  cannot  forget 
him."  This  clergyman  was  born  at  Towcester,  near  Xorthampton, 
m  the  county  of  that  name,  Xov.  5,  1G05  ;  went  to  Emmanuel  Col- 
lege, Cambridge,  in  1G20  ;  was  a  lecturer  of  Earles-colne,  co.  Essex  ; 
then  lived  at  Butrerchrorae,  co.  York,  at  Sir  Eichard  Darlev's  house  ; 
trien  vcv.t  to  Xorthumberiand ;  sailed  from  Harwich  in  1G;3-J:,  was 
driven  back  by  a  storm,  and  lived  at  Bastsvick,  co.  Xovfblk ;  re- 
embarked  and  amved  in  Xew-Endand,  Oct.  3,  1635.  He  was 
Eettlod  in  Cambridge,  Mass.,  till  he"^died,  Aug.  25,  1649,  Wilcox 
may  mean  b}^  his  words  only  such  acquaintance  as  he  had  had  v.ith 
fchepard  in  Cambridge  here,  or  he  mav  refer  to  some  knowledge  of 
mm  in  England.  '  '^ 

Appendix  A. 

The  following  copies  of  wills  and  papers  on  record  at  Hartford 
have  been  most  kindly  made  for  me  by  J.  Hammond  Trumbull,  Esq. 
[Original  on  file.     Recorded  Prcb.  Rec.  iii.  61.] 

Wixi.,  Oct.  4,  166G,  of  Mar>i  TJ7/coc/^,  widow,  of  "Hertford. 
To  cousni  Sarah  Long,  two  pewter  platters.     To  daughter  An  Haul, 


28  The  Wilcox  Family.  [Jan. 

40  sliil.  and  best  feather  pillow.  All  other  estate,  after  debts  paid, 
and  "charges  about  my  comly  buriall  being  discharged,"  to  loving 
son  John  BidweU,  who  is  made  wole  executor.  Dea.  Butler  and 
James  Ensing  intrcatcd  to  be  overseers. 

Signed     (by  mark  of)     ]^.LiRY  Wilcock. 

witnesses, 

Richard  Butler, 

James  Ensing. 
Adm.  granted  ]Mch.  4,  1668-9 — inventory,  £iO. 

:\P  Sam'^  Willys 
Capt.  Jn^Talcot 
Lt.  Jn°  ^Ulyn 

OctoV  2D  :  67.  Upon  y^  motion  of  Deacon  Butler  in  behalf  of 
the  Widdow  AVilcox,  the  Assis''  doe  see  cause  to  order  that  Jolm 
"VVilcox  doe  pay  unto  his  mother  the  said  Widdo^v  Wilcox  or  her  A,s- 
signcs  six  pounds  a  year  in  wheat  and  pease  at  price  currant  to  be 
paid  in  Ilmtfovd  vrhere  she  or  they  shall  appoint,  which  is  in  lieu  of 
what  he  is  engaged  to  pay  unto  her  by  his  father's  will.  And  y*  said 
John  Wilcox  is  to  possess  and  enioy  the  old  house,  the  closset,  and 
y^  fruit  of  y""  Orchyard  which  by  y"  will  of  her  husband  she  should 
possess,  but  throw  weakness  is  disabled  for  continueing  in  y*^  house 
to  possesse  it  alone.  The  magestrates  doe  also  determine  that  what 
rent  is  to  be  paid  for  y^  house  and  orchyard  by  the  Jevres  who  have 
.  lived  in  ic  tliis  year  past,  that  it  be  paid  to  y''  said  Widdow." 

[Quarter  Coiurt  Eecords,  iii.  69.] 

A  County  Court  at  Hartford,  March  5,  16G7-G8. 
"U')ontl)e  motion  of  Deacon  Eichard  Butler  &  James  Ensing, 
that  some  course  might  be  taken  that  some  might  be  impowered  to 
disspose  of  the  "Widow  Willcox  &  her  estate  to  the  best  advantage, 
that  there  migiit  be  some  comfortable  satisfaction  made  to  those  that 
shall  envcrtoin  licr  as  long  as  her  estate  will  afoard  it,  this  Court  re- 
ferrs  the  v.liule  njatttr  to  the  prudent  management  of  the  sayd  Butler 
&  Ensigne  &  doc  hereby  impower  them  to  act  in  it." — [Ibid,  p.  76.] 

Appendix  B. 
John  Wilcox,  of  Hartford  and  ]Middletown,  had  for  his  first  wife 
Sarali  Wadsworth,  and  her  cistcr  m.  Thomas  Stoughhni,  Jr.  Wilcox 
m.,  second,  Catherine  Stoughton,  tistcr  of  Thomas  S.  and  dau.  of 
the  Thomas  Stoughton,  Sen.,  who  went  froni  Dorciiccrcr  to  Windsor. 
Catherine  had  many  relatives  living  in  Dorchester,  and  her  last  child 
was  born  in  Xov.,  1658.  Probably  blie  died  i^oon  after,  and  John 
Wilcox  m,  a  third  wife  Mary,  who  died  in  K.mI. 


1875.]  The  Wilcox  Famihj,  20 

We  find  at  Dorchester  a  John  "Wilcox,  -who  was  fence  viewer  in 
lOGl,  1GG2  ( Dorchester  Ivec.  MS.  vol.  i.  pp.  131,  141)  ;  and  on  SulF. 
Deeds  vii.  21*6,  April  21,  16()1,  a  deed  from  John  ^^'ilcox,  of  D., 
and  I\Iarv  his  vrife,  executrix  of  the  A\iil  of  Joseph  Farncwoi-th,  (o 
^^'aliam■poud.  Also  (Suff.  Dcedd  xi.  359),  :March  17,  1604-5, 
deed  of  same  John  and  Mary  Wilcox,  to  Sanuiel  llijj^bee. 

In  the  IiEGiSTER,  ix.  140,  is  the  will  of  Jose})h  Farnsworth  al)ovo 
cited,  made  Jan.  2,  1(559,  speaking  of  his  wife  ^lary,  and  her  two 
children  by  a  former  liusband,  viz.,  Joseph Lo7:g  aii<l  Thomas  Long-. 
Joseph  Farnsworth  seems  to  have  had  a  son  Samuel  Farnswortli,  l>y 
this  wife  jNIary,  though  he  had  other  children,  doubtless  by  a  former 
wife. 

On  file  at  Hartford  is  the  will  dated  xVprU  3,  1G71,  oi  Mary,  wife 
of  John  Wilcox,  of  Middletown,  "declared  by  word  of  mouth." 
Gives  to  her  son,  Samuel  Fernsworth,  £10  stg.,  out  of  her  land  in 
the  great  lot  at  Dorchester.  Remainder  of  the  lot  to  her  husband, 
John  '\^'ilcox.  To  her  son,  Joseph  Lonrj,  the  bill  she  had  of  him 
for  land  bought  of  her.  "  AVhite  was  coat  and  red  tammy  coat "  to 
Mary  Willcox.  To  Sarah  Long,  her  feather  bed  and  bol^fter 
wliich  is  at  Plartford  in  her  house  already,  her  ''  cloath  wascoat  with 
the  great  siUer  lace,  and  a  petty  coate."  Freely  resigns  to  her  hus- 
band, J.  W.,  his  estate  which  was  mortj^aired  to  her.     Desires  tliat 

_  CO 

£10  given  her  son,  Samuel  Fernsworth,  shoi.dd  be  paid  to  her  friend, 
Capt.  Hopestill  Foster,  of  Dorchester,  to  be  kept  till  he  come  of  age. 
'f\^itne5sed  by  John  Hall  and  Anne  Hall. 

John  WiJlcox  owned  in  court,  Sept.  7,  1671,  that  he  gave  his  wife 
liberty  to  make  her  will. 


These  documents  of  com'se  prove  that  John  "Wilcox,  of  Middle- 
town,  was  the  Dorchester  man,  and  that  his  third  wife  was  the  widow 
Long-Fams worth.  I  think  it  also  certain  that  his  step-son.  Thomas 
Long,  married  Sarah  Wilcox,  dau.  of  John  W,  by  his  first  wife. 
Such  Lntermarria^es  are  common  and  natui-al,  Sarah  Long,  born  in 
1048,  is  reckoned  among  John  Wilcox's  children,  just  where  his 
oldest  dau.  Sarah  would  be ;  no  other  step-children  are  so  reckoned, 
and  we  may  be  sure  Sarah  Wilcox  had  married  a  Long.  Savage 
records  a  Thomas  Long,  of  Hartford,  16G5,  and  we  know  not  who 
he  was,  unless  he  was  John  ^^'ilcox's  step-son.  We  conclude  there- 
fore that  Tliomas  Long  married  his  step-sister  Sarah  Wilcox. 

Again,  Samuel  Farnsworth,  another  step-son  of  John  Wilcox,  m. 
in  1G77,  ^Mary,  dau.  of  Thomas  Stougbton,  Jr.,  a  girl  doubly  a 
cousin  to  the  children  of  Wilcox,  with  whom  Farnsworth  had 
been  brought  up.  Tiiis  may  serve  to  indicate  that  the  mixed 
households,  of  which  John  Wilcox  was  the  head,  lived  in  harmony 
and  accord. 

VOL,  xnz.  3* 


30 


Greenlayid,  iVl  II. — Earhj  Ministerial  Records. 


[Jan. 


GREEXLAXD,  X.  IL— EARLY  :\IIXISTERIAL  ItECOUDS. 

Coumiink-atcd  by  the  Hon.  William  P.  ll.vixr.s,  of  Bidikfoid,  bit. 
CContiDuCd  from  vol.  xxviii.  p.  423.) 


1728  541 

513  John  Kenestoae  owned  y^  cove- 

nant tfcc.  5-1-2 

514  IMavy  Daughter  Thomas  Cotton  043 

515  Sarah  Keuestoue  owned  y''  cove- 

nant 6cc.  544 

516  Jeane  Koneston    Daughter    of 

Jo°  Kenestone  545 

517  Eob'  Go53  owuedy''  covenant  &c. 

518  John  Briant  owned  v®  covenant  546 

&c.  '  547 

519  Elinor    Briant   owned  y^  cove-  548 

nant  <S;c.  549 

520  Susa^'in;?  Bi.-iant  owned  y''  cove-  550 

nant  &zc.  551 

521  Catharhie  Blazo  owned  y*  cove- 

nant &c.  552 

522  Sarah  fose  owned  yecovenant&c.  553 

523  Elizal):?th    Daughter    of    John 

AVhitten  554 

524  Kebecka  TTelhern  owned  y«  co-  555 

venaTit  £cc. 

525  John   lliukson  owned  y^-  cove-  556 

nant  &c.  557 

526  Sam"  Son  of  Walter  Weeks 

527  Haiiah  Daughter  of  Sum"  Neale  558 

528  S.^aiuel  Son  of  Samuel  Hnggins  550 

529  David  Son  of  James  Rogers  560 

530  James  Son  of  James  Colt  561 

531  Richard  Son  of  John  Dockum 

532  Elizabeth   Daughter  of  Walter  562 

Philbrook  5G3 

533  Juditli   Daughter   of    Williani 

Blasso  564 

534  Dorothy  Daughter  of  Robt.  Bri- 

ant  565 

535  Sam'"'  Sou  of  Joshua  Ilains 

536  Timothy  Son  of  Nathan  Johnson  b^^^ 

537  Benjamin  Sou  of  Nathaniel  Wat-  567 

son 

538  IMavy  Daughter  of  Mary  Moody  568 

539  Thomas  Son  of  Isaac  foss  569 

540  William  Davis  owned  y^  Cove-  570 

Kant  &c.  571 


Eliz.  Daughter  of  George  Kene- 
stone 
John  Son  of  James  Uriu 
Sarah    Daughter   of   Benjamin 

ffoster 
Jeane    Avery    owned   y*^  cove- 
nant &c. 
Hannah  Daughter  of  Rich''  Car- 
ter 
Timothy  Son  of  James  Wliitten 
Eliz.  Dangliter  of  Joseph.  Urin 
Clemmt-nt  Son  of  Jeane  Cate 
Thom^  vSon  of  John  Wf  eks 
David  Son  of  William  Davis 
Elinor    Daughter    of     Samuei 

Weeks 
Sam"  Son  of  Samuel  Kenestone 
Abigail  Avery  owned  y^  cove- 
nant <&rc. 
Zebedee  Son  of  Ithamer  Berry 
Ellit  Sou  of  Ithamer  Berry 

1729 
Arnel  Son  of  IMichael  Wozen 
Eliz.  IMorsrin  owned  v«  covenant 

&c. 
Antony  Son  of  Nathauiel  Peavey 
Job  son  of  Jonathan  Philbrook 
Jonathan  son  of  Rob'  Avery  Jun' 
Comfort   Daughter   of    Tucker 

Cate 
Sam"  son  Sam"  Ilains 
Margaret     Daughter   of    Capt. 

Joshua  Weeks 
Sarah   Daughter   of   Dearborn 

Neale 
Hannah  Daughter  of   Thomas 

Eadmong 
Wiiiiam  son  of  William  Wallice 
Susannah  Daughter  of  Edvvard 

Avery 
John  son  of  Joseph  Grant 
Susannah  Daughter  of  William 
James  son  of  Joshua  Hains 
Isaiah  son  of  Edwai'd  Dearborn 


1875.]      Greenland,  JSf.  H. — Early  Ministerial  Records.  31 


572  William  son  of  Tho'  tetherlye 

573  I>nack  son  of  Tho"  tetherlye 

574  jNIary  Dauirhtcr  Tho'  tetherlye 

575  Elizabeth  l>:iuditcr  of  "William 

Ca*.e 

576  Ly<lia  Dau^jutor  of  Joseph  Hill 

577  Lydia  "Wozcu 

578  Ahic^ail  Wozeu 

579  Penelope    Wozcn  Daughter  of 

IMichael  AVozcu 

580  Sam"  son  of  S;ini"  Davis 

581  John  son  of  Ens.  John  Johnson 

582  Johannah  Daughter  of  John  ford 

583  Elizabeth   Daughter  of  iS^atha- 

nael  Huggins 
534  Ruhamah  JXiughter  of  Samuel 

xseale 
585  Elizabeth  Daughterof  Ens.  John 

Whit  ten 
53G  Sarah  Daughter  of  John  lang 

587  I'i'A'eclva    Daughter   of    Joseph 

Hbbey 

1730 

588  Martha  Daughter  of  John  Dock- 

um 

589  Mary  Daughter  of  Ithamer  Ber- 

ry 

590  Peter  sen  of  Phillip  Eabb 

591  Abigails  Daughter   of  Thomas 

Cotton 

592  IMary  Daughter  of  John  Weeks 

593  Sam"  son  of  John  Grow 

594  Walter  son  of  Walter  AYeeks 

595  Abraham  son  of  Ebenezer  John- 

sou 
59  G  Jonathan  son  of  Samuel  Huggins 

597  Benjamin  son  of  James  Gate 

598  "NVoodin  son  of  Benjamin  foster 

599  William  son  of   George  Kene- 

stone 
tiOO  Daniel  Son  of  Edward  Arery 
COl   V>'iUiam  Son  of  Nathan  Johnson 
6<)"i  Nathan  son  of  Robert  Murdogh 

603  Anne   !Meloon  owned  ye  cove- 

nant vie. 

604  Jame^  Son  of  James  Urin 

605  .Jo;:eph  3Ie]oon 

606  Henry  !^[eloon 

607  Daniel  Meloon 

608  John  Meloon 

609  Elizabeth  IMeloon 

610  Mary  Ttleloon  sons  &z  daughters 

of  Joseph  Meloon 


611  Isaac    Green    son     of    Jacob 

Browne 

612  Jeane  daughter  of 

613  Joseph  sou  of  Samuel  Weeks 

614  Elinor  foxe  owned  y*  co\enant 

&c. 

615  Sam"  Triggs  owned  y*^  covenant 

&c. 
610  Ann  Daughter  of  Samuel  Tiitrgs 
1731 

617  Patience   Daughter  of  "William 

Davis 

618  John  Dam  owned  y'^covenant  v.^c. 

6 1 9  Jeane  Daughter  ui  Richard  Sa  m- 

bon 

620  ]Matthias  Moody  owned  y*  cove- 

nant &c. 

621  John  son  of  C;deb  Philbrook 

622  Martha    Daughter    of    Tucker 

Gate 

623  Sam''  son  of  James  Nudd 

624  Tho''  son  of  Thomas  Berrey 

625  Benjamin  son  of  John  Blake 
620  Josiah  son  of  Josiali  Cla'/ko 

627  Benjamin  son  of  Joseph  Grant 

628  Abraham  son  of  Edward  Dear- 

bon 
€29  Phebe    Daughter    of    Deakon 
Neale 

630  Sarah    Daughter    of    Jonathan 

Philbrick 

631  Elianor    Daughter   of    Samuel 

Trigs 

632  Beojamin  son  of  Richard  Carter 

633  Thomas  son  of  James  .Tohnson 

634  Sarah  Daughter  of  John  i>jwe 

635  Mary    'Daughter     of     Tiijma? 

Ayers 

636  Abigaile    Daughter   of    Joseph 

Lrin 

637  John  son  of  ^Matthias  Hains  Jua' 

638  John  sou  of  John  fonl 

639  Rosamond  Daughter  of  IS'athan 

Johnson 

640  Arnold  briant  Daughter  of  Eli- 

sha  Briant 

641  Hannah    Daughter    of    Elisha 

Briant 

642  Mary  Daughter  of  John  Grow 

643  Mathias  son  of  Sam"  Hains 

1732 

644  Deborah  Daughter  of  Jolin  Sav- 

age 


32  Greenland,  JST.  II. — Early  Ministerial  Records.       [Jan. 


645  Susanna   Daughter   of  George 

Batifiekl 

646  Abigail  Daughter  of  John  Weeks 

647  Si.»lomon  son  of  James  AVitlen 

648  Dersheba    Daugbter    of    John 

Johnson 

649  Nathanael  son  of  Philip  Bab 

650  Richard  son  of  Waiter  Weeks 

651  Grace  Daughter  of  John  lang 

652  frederica    Daughter   of    Sani'* 

Iluggins 

653  Jolia  son  of  Tho'  Cotton 

654  John  sou  of  Willir-ui  Gate 

Q)00  M.irgaret  Daughter  of  Ebenezer 
Johnson 

656  John  son  of  Samuel  Davis 

657  Joseph  son  of  Enoch  Cleark 

658  John  son  of  George  Kenestone 

659  lydia  Dauwhter   of  Hob'   Goss 

Jun^ 
6(^0  E]i7.Diujht.?-cf>^-ni:ol Weeks 

661  Ebeuezer  Blake  owned  y^  cove- 

nant &:C. 

662  Mary  D.   of  Will.  Wamoth  & 

Nice  to  Sarah  Clarke 

663  Eliz.  Daughter  of  Kobert  Mor- 

dogh 

1733 

664  Caleb  son  of  Caleb  Philbrook 

665  Sam"  sou  of  Nathaniel  Iluggins 

666  Surah    Daughter   of    Benjamin 

foster 

667  Susannah  Daughter  of  Joshua 

macris 

668  Jonathan  son  of  liichard  Sam- 

borne 

669  William  son  of  Josiah  Clarke 

670  Benjamin  son  of  Janaes  Nudd 

671  Mercie  Daughter  of  James  lock 

672  Margaret  Daughter  of  Tucker 

Gate 

673  Timothy  son  of  William  Davis 

674  Joshua  sou  of  John  Bracket 

675  Margaret   Daughter   of   Sam" 

Triggs 

676  Elianor  Daughter  of  John  Wat- 

son 

677  Mehetable   Daughter   of   John 

Blake 

678  Thaukfuil    Daughter   of   John 

Docknm 

679  John  Sun  of  Thomas  Cotton 

680  John  son  of  Joseph  Grant 


681  James  son  of  Thomas  Marden 

682  Abig;tile  Daughter  of  AV'iLliam 

Berrey 

683  Sam"  son  of  Edward  Doi-rborn 

684  John  soil  of  Josima  fo?s  Juu' 

685  Susunn-ah  Kenestone  wife  of  Jri'-* 

ICtriestone  owned  cov' 

686  Ann  Kenestone  owned  y*  cove- 

nant &c. 

687  Sarah  Daughter  of  John  Kene- 

stone Jun'' 
683  IMary  Dani;;hter  of  Clem'  JMarcii 
C>d>':i  Martha    Daughter     of     Clem' 

March 
600  Solomon  son  of  Sam^'  Kenestone 
691  Nathanael  son  of  JoJin  Grow 
C92  Benjamin  son  of  Sam''  Meloon 
1734 

693  Solomon  son  of  Joseph  Urin 

694  Elinor  Daughter  of  Isaac  Dowe 
C'J5  Muiy    Daughter    of    Enhraim 

Holmes 
690  Con'tfort   Daughter   of    Walter 

Weeks 
097  Elizabeth  Daughter  of  Ebenezer 

Johnson 

698  Merlba  Daughter  of  James  John- 

son 

699  Sarah  Daughter  of  widow  ford 

700  Annah  Daughter  of  Rich'*  Sam- 

bon 

701  John  son  of  Josiah  foss 

702  John  son  of  John  Lang 

703  Joshua  Jennes  owned  y®  cove- 

nant &c. 

704  Anue  Daughter  of  Joshua  Jen- 

nes 

705  Jonathan  son  of  James  Gate 
700  John  son  of  John  Weeks 

707  John  son  of  William  Blazo 

708  Jonathan  son  of  "William  Blazo 

709  Benjamin  son  of  William  Norton 

710  Samuel  son  of  William  Norton 

711  Ephraim  son  of  Abraham  Libbe 

1735 

712  Mehetabel    Daugh'    of     Sam" 

Hains 

713  Samuel  son  of  William  Gate 

714  James  son  of  James  Nudd 

715  T>Iary    Daughter    of     Edward 

Dearborn 

716  Andrew  peters  son  of  John  Car- 

ter 


1875.]      Greenland,  JV.  11. — Early  Ministerial  llecords. 


33 


717  Pradence  Daughter  of  Samuel 

Dyer 
71<S  Sarah  liill  owned  y*  covenant. vLc. 

719  Anne  Daughter  of  Sam"  Kt-ne- 

stone 

720  John  hovy  &    uife  owned    ye 

covenant   and   had   ye   child 
baptized  Sarah  her  name 

721  Isaiah  sou  of  Benjamin  foster 

722  Prudence     Daughter    of    John 

Johnson 

723  John  son  of  John  P>racket 
72  i  Samuel  son  of  Josiah  Clark 
72o  Kath  Daughter  of  John  Grow 
72C  r nice  Daughter  of  John  Grow 

727  r>eujamiu  son  of  Joshua  jMackris 

728  r>enjamin  son  of  John  Watson 

729  jMarearet  Daughter  of  Jedediah 

Weeks 

730  Hannah   Daughter  of  William 

Davis 

731  Enoch  son  of  Enoch  Clark 

732  Eleanor  Daughter ofJames Wit- 

ten  Jan.,  who  both  owned  cov. 

733  Elizabeth  Daughter   of  Philip 

Babb 
73-1  Martha   Daughter   of    Thomas 
Cotton 

735  Hannah  Daughter  of  James  lock 

736  Har.nah    Daughter   of    Docter 

Clem'  ]March 

737  Abiah    Dau-'hter   of    Zecariah 

o 

Berry 

738  Sarah    Donevan    Daughter   of 

Bridget  Donevan 
730  Eliz.  Daugliter  of  Josiah  foss 
7-40  Sarah  Daughter   of    Isathaniel 

Iluggins 

741  Eridgor.  Daughter  of  Jedediah 

Weeks 

742  Olive  Daughter  of  Thos.  Ayers 

743  Ebeuezer  son  of  Eben.  Johnson 

1736 

744  Abigaile     Daughter    of    Eob'. 

jSIoniogh 
74.5  Benjamin  son  of  Sam"  Davis 
740  Josej)h  son  of  John  Weeks 

747  Jonathan   son   of    Caleb   Phil- 

brook 

748  Eichard  Sambon  son  of  Eich'^ 

Sambon 


749  Martha     Daughter    of    James 

Eowe 

750  Joslma  son  of  Sam"  Weeks 

751  IMcroy  Daug""  of  John  Blako 

752  Jack  a  negro  of  Capt.  J(Jinson\s 

753  IMary    Daugliter     of     Thomas 

I\Iardin      s 

754  John  son  of  Matthias  Weeks 

755  Ester  Daughter  Jonathan  Weeks 
75 G  Eliz.  Daugliter  of  Lydia  Hicks 

757  Susanah     Daughter     of    Sam 

Trigs 

758  Keziah     Daughter     of    Jame3 

.Johnson 

759  Hannah  Daughter  of  John  lang 

760  Eachel    Daughter   of    Tucker 

Gate 

761  Abigaile   Daughter   of  Nathan 

Mastin 

762  John  son  of  John  Johnson 

763  Eachel    Daughter  of  Jonathan 

Barker 

764  Margaret    Piper    daughter    of 

Jona'^  Piper 

765  John  son  of  John  Piper 

766  Joseph  son  of  Edwtu'd  Dearbon 

1737 

767  John    son    of   James   W^hitten 

Jun' 
763  Abigail    Dr.    of    Mr.   William 
Wallis  in  private 

769  Catharine   Dr.  of  Eob*  Tuftm 

Philbrook' 

770  John  son  of  James  Nud 

771  Martha    Daughter    of    WidoTV 

Abbot 

772  Mary  Daughter  of  Widow  Ab- 

bo't 

773  John  son  of  John  Dockum  in 

private 

774  George  son  of  .John  Bracket 

775  Tho' "son  Will iaai  Blazo 

776  Sarah  Daughter  of  Tucker  Gate 

777  George  son  of  Docter  ^larch 
773  Jame.=;  son  of  Jeames  Wood 

779  Jeremiah  son  of  William  Davis 

780  Joseph  son  of  .Joseph  Grant 

781  Temperance  Daughter  of  Icha- 

bod  Witt  en 

782  Euth  Daug'  of  Samuel  Kene- 

stoue 


>  See  p.  2i8-9, 1S47,  Hist,  akd  Gen.  Kegistes. 


34  Greenland i  JSf.  H. — Early  Ministerial  Uecords.      [Jan. 


783  Sarah   Daugliter  of  Natlianael 

Huggiu3 
781  Joseph  son  of  Josiah  foss 

1738 
785  John  son  of  IZich'-^  Sambon 
7SG  Thomas  son  of  Sam  Haines 

787  Joslma  son  of  Ebone^er  Johnson 

788  Olive     Daughter    of   Matthias 

Weeks 

789  Jonathan  son  of  Joshua  Mack- 

res 

790  Jamos  son  of  Sam"  Watson 

791  Ichabod  son  of  Ens.  John  John- 

son 

792  Cole  son  of  John  Weeks 

793  Ilanah  Dr.  of  Jonathan  Weeks 

794  Zilpah  Dr.  of  Cufle  and  Rachel 

795  Ehoda    Daugh^    of    Jonathan 

Barker 

796  Margaret  Dr.  of  John  Johnson 

Jun'. 

797  Thomas  son  of  Sam"  Tricr^js 

798  Ichabod  son  of  Waker  Weeks 

799  Margaret   Daughter   of   James 

Johnson 
800 

801  Ebenezer  son  of  Enoch  Clarko 

802  John  Sherbon  son  of  Matthias 

Haibes 

803  John    Person   son   of  Richard 

Sambo  rn 

804  Joshua    Winget  son    of    John 

Weeks  Doc''. 

805  Joseph  son  of  Jedediah  Weeks 
80G  Judith  Daughter  of  Philip  Bab 

807  Mary  Daughter  of  John  Bracket 

808  Jonathan   Neal  son  of  Joseph 

Berrv 

809  hanah  Daughter  of  Elias  Phil- 

brook  Jun''. 

810  Thomas  son  of  James  Xud 

811  Walter    son    of    Rob'    Tufton 

Philbrook 

812  Eliauor    Daughter   of    Nathan 

Marston 

813  Joshua  son  of  Deacon  Neale 

814  Sam^  son  of  Samuel  Weeks 

815  Deborah     Daughter     of     Sam 

Kenestone 

1740 

816  Abigail    Daughter    of    Docter 

March 

817  Jouaihun  sou  of  Jonathan  Barker 


818 

819 

820 
821 

822 
823 
824 

825 
826 
827 
828 
829 
830 

831 

832 

833 
834 

835 
836 


837 

838 
839 
840 
841 
842 
843 
844 
845 
846 

847 

848 

849 
850 
851 
852 
853 
854 

855 


Mary  Daughter  of  Caleb  Phil- 
brook 
Josiah  son  of  Josiah  fo's 
Stephen  son  of  Henry  Clarke 
Jonathan      son      of     Jon^ithan 

Weeks 
IMatthliis  son  of  Matthias  Weeks 
"William  son  of  John  Clarke 
Haiuiah     Daughter     of    l'".ben' 

Johnson 
Josc[)h  son  of  James  Bracket 
William  Saniborne  ^  son^and 
Abiather  Samborne-  I  Daughters 
Elizabeth  Samborne  [  Ai.i.uher 
Sarah  Sand)orne  J  Sawbome 
Margaret  Daughter  of  Eliezer 

bickford 
Abifrail   Dauijhter   of    Edv/ard 

Dearburn 
Abigail  Daughter  of  Matthias 

Haines 
Mary  Daughter  of  John  Watson 
ThaukfuU    Daughter   of   Jede- 
diah Weeks 
James  son  of  Jeames  Johnson 
Jonathan  son  of  Richard  Sam- 
bon 

1741 
Elizabeth    Daughter    of    John 

Bracket 
Comfort  Dr.  of  Doc.  Weeks 
Comfort  Dr.  of  Walter  Weeks 
Abigail  Dr.  of  Doc.  IMarch 
Elinor  Dr.  of  Caleb  Philbrook 
Molle  Dr.  of  Joseph  Berry 
Susannah  Dr.  of  John  .Jolmsoa 
lydya  Dr.  of  Nathanael  ^Mastin 
Abnah  son  of  Xatlianacl  M.vitin 
Dorothy  Dr.  of  Abiather  Sam- 
born 
George   son  of    Robert  Tufron 

Philbrook 
Sarah     Daufrhter     of     Samuel 

Wallis 
Hannah  Dr.  of  Enoch  Clarke 
Rhoda  Dr.  of  Jonathan  Barker 
Thomas  son  of  John  lang 
Susannah  Dr.  of  Daniel  Alien 
Joseph  son  of  Samuel  Wailice 
Sarah     Daughter     of     Joshua 

Mackris 
Hasar  a  negro  owned  y*  coven* 


1875.]      Greenlandy  N.  H. — Early  Ministerial  Itecords.  35 


856  Natlianael  son  of  Josiuh  foss 

857  Por^  ii  negro  of  Dr.  IMarcli 

858  Samuel  a  sou  of  '\\'inia]n  Davis 
850   Salle  Dr.  of  Jolm  Dam  by  Mr. 

Cotton 
860  John  son  of  John  Allen  Jim' 

1742 
801  Jo>lnia  son  of  llenery  Clark 

862  IlanaliDaughterof  John  "Watson 

863  Isaac  son  of  Nathanacl  Grov7 
804  Jiulith    Bracket    Daughter    of 

James  Bracket 
865  Betty  Daughter  of  John  Brazeel 

806  Sarah    Daughter    of    Deborah 

Brazeel 

807  Elisha  Briant  owned  y°  Cove- 

nant &c. 
868  Sarah  Daughter  of  Daniel  Allen 
809  Hannah    longmaid    owned     y^ 

covenant  d-c 

870  'Ma.iy  Dr.  of  Nathan  Mastin 

871  "W'nlJen  son  of  Sam"  Kenestone 

872  Olive  Dr.  of  Thomas  Ayers 

873  Benjamin  son  of  John  Weeks 

874  Abigaile  King  owned  covenant 

and  was  bap.  sick 

875  Mary  Daughter  of  James  Jones 

876  Nathauael     son    of    Ebenezer 

Johnson 

877  Sam"  King  owned  the  covenant 

(fee. 

878  Elinor   Daughter  of   Matthias 

TVeeks 

879  Olive^  Dau'  of  Joseph  Meloon  : 

both  oion'd  covnt. 
8S0  William  son  of  William  "Wallice 
881  Jonathan  son  of  Joseph  Grant 
832  Josiah  son  of  Matthias  Haines 

Jan' 
883  George  son  of  Deliverance  Ken- 
estone 
83  I  haunoli  iUlen    )     Chil°ofJohn 
S8.>  Kuhen  Allen     j       Allen 

880  Sarah    Daughter    of    Jonathan 

Weeks 
SST  Jlehitabel  Daughter  of  Samuel 
Weeks 

888  James  a  Servant  of  jMr.  Jona- 

than Weeks 

889  Abigail  Daughter  of  James  Nud 

1748 

890  Elias  Philbrook  sou  of  Jonathan 

Boi-ker 


891  Josiah  son  of  Jcdediah  Weeks 

892  Timothy  son  of  lewis  haines 

893  John  son  of  Enoch  Clarke 

894  Anne  Daughter  of  Dr.  March 

895  Mary  Daughter  of  James  John- 

son 

896  Phebe  Dr.   of  Nathan  Johnson 

Jun^ 

897  Anne  Benson  on  ovr  accovnt 

898  William  son  of  Walter  AV'eoks 

899  Abigail  Dr.  of  Bob'  TaftinPhil- 

brook 


900 


owned  cov' 


908 
909 
910 
911 


913 
914 
915 


William  Eadmans 
&c. 

901  Nathan  son  of  Nathanael  Maston 

902  Jeremiah  homes  Daughter  viz. 

IMargaret 

903  Martha  Dr.  of  Doc.  .John  Weeks 

904  Mary  Dr.  of  Calep  Philbrook 

905  Daniel  son  of  John  Bracket 

906  Samuel  son  of  Joshua  Maccrcase 

907  Mary  Briant  wife  of  Abraham 

owned  cov' 
John  son  of  Jofiah  foss 
Thomas  son  of  Thomas  Ayers 
Simon  son  of  Eadv/ard  Dearbon 
Ebenezer  son  of  James  Bracket 
912  Mary  Dr.  of  Joseph  Meloon  Jun' 
1744 
Unice  Dr.  of  .John  Dam 
Abraham  son  of  Samuel  Wallice 
Elizabeth  Daughter  of  Thomas 

Tufts,  feb.  12 

916  Sarah  Dr.  of  Benjamin  ^Phil- 

brook 

917  Esther  Dr.  of  lewis  haines 

918  Nathanael  son  of  Henry  Clarke 

919  James  son  of  James  Jones 

920  hanah  Elit  owned  covenant  &c. 

921  Will™  Jenkins  &  wife  coven'  Ste- 

ven son  of  W'"  .Jenldns  bap^ 

922  Daniel  son  of  Ebenezer  Johnson 

923  Elinor  Daughter  of  John  Weeks 

924  Mary    Daughter    of    Matthias 

"Weeks 

925  Abigaile  Dr.  of  Caleb  Philbrook 

926  George  son  of  James  holmes 

927  Matthais  son  of  Matthias  Haines 

En. 

928  Jcames  son  of  Joseph  Berrev 

929  Jeremiah  son  of  Eliezer  Cate 
980  Nathanael  son  of  Joseph  Grant 
931  David  son  of  Jonathan  Weeks 


\    704036 


36 


Greenland,  N.  U, — Early  Ministerial  Becords,       [Jan. 


1745 

932  IMehitable  Dr.  of  Jcamos  locke 

933  Daiiit'l  sou  of  Ishwy  Durciiu 

934  Samuel  son  of  ^Villialu  liai;yliis 

935  E;jniiic:^  pon  of  Capt.  Joliu  Brack- 

et ]\[ar.  31 
93G  L)uuiel   son   of    Enoch    Clark, 
Mar.  31 

937  Jonathan  son  of  James   Nudtl, 

Apr.  7. 

938  Josiah  son  of  Dau'  Allen,  Apr.  7 

939  IJanah  Dr.  of  A'ath^  Mastiu,  Ap. 

7 

940  Ehnor  Dr.  of  Rob*  Tufton  Thil- 

brook 

941  Bracket  sou  of  Jaraes  Johnson 

942  Martha  Dr.  of  AYalter  Weeks 

943  :Mar\  Dr.  of  Nathanael  Ih-acket 

944  xsathauael    sou     of     Jedediah 

"Weeks,  June  2 

945  Sarah  one  nice  of  Joslah  Clark 
94G  Jeane  a  nice  of  Jo>iah  Clark 

947  i:iizabeth  Dr.  of  Doc^  IMarch 

948  Robert  son  of  John  Brazeel 

949  Mary   Daughter  of   Samuel 

Weeks 

950  Sarah   Daughter  of  "William 

Blazo 

951  Daughter  of  Benjamin 
Thompson 

[The.^e  3  by  Mr.  Gookin.] 

952  Kathan  son  of  Nathan  Johnson 

953  Sarah  Daughter  of  Wra.  Jenkins 

954  Phineas  son  of  loonard  "SVeeks 

955  Ann  Daughter  of  Joseph  Meloou 

956  Joseph  son  of    Samuel  Whid- 

den 

957  Jonathan  son  of  Bracket  John- 

son 

958  Sarah  Daughter  of  Eben.  Jolm- 

son 

959  Martha  Dr.  of  James  Bracket 

174G 
9  GO  levy  sou  of  John  Dam 

961  IMai-y  Dr.  of  Benjamin  Philbrook 

962  Nathanael  son  of  Samuel  Wallice 

963  Samuel  son  of  Paul  Chapman 

964  Samuel  son  of  hen.  Clark 

965  Elizabeth  Dr.  of  James  Jones 

966  George  son  of  John  lang 

967  Patte  Daughter  of  .James  Homes 
963  Eetir  Daagliter  of  Lliezur  Cato 
969  Samuel  sou  of  Matthias  "Weeks 


970  Mehitabel  Daughter  of  "William 
Berry 

1747 
071   Sarah  haiues  Dr.  of  Sam"hai'ies 

972  INIary   Dr.   of  "William  Jankins 

Jun' 

973  John    son   of  John    Whidden, 

Jan.  18 

974  John  son   of   Leonard  "Weeks 

May  10 

975  Levy  son  of  John  Dam 

976  Nathan  son  of  Jonathan  Barker 

977  Elisha  son  of  ye  "Widow  Thomas, 

IMay  24 

978  Phebe      Daughter     of     Lewis 

Haines,  May   31 

979  Thomas   son     of    Doc'  March, 

June  2 
9.^0  Simon  son  of  John  Brazeel 
9S1  Nathanael    son    of    Kathanael 

Maston 

982  Sam"  son  of  Abner  haines,  Aug. 

30 

983  "\7illiam  son  of  "William  huggius, 

Sep.  G 

984  Nance  a  negro  child  of   Capt. 

Jo.  Langdon 

985  Margaret  "Dr.  of  Mat'   haines, 

Sept.  27 

986  ]Martha  Dr.  of  James  Homes, 

Oct.  4 

987  ]Martha    Dr.   of  James    Nudd, 

Oct.  18 

988  Benjamin  son  of  Benj°  Tomp- 

son,  Oct.  18 

989  a  Dr.  of  Jeames  Johnson, 
Nov.  3 

9D0  Job  son  of  Paul  Chapman,Nov.  8 

991  Hauah  Dr.  of  Ebenozer  John- 

son, Nov.  15 
1748 

992  James  son  of  Eleazer  Gate,  Jan. 

10 

993  Mary  Daughter  of  James  Brack- 

et 

994  Samuel  son  of  Sam.  "Whitten, 

Jan.  31 

995  Susanah  Dr.  of  Josiah  foss  Mar. 

20 

996  Eliphalet  son  of  Benjamin  Phil- 

brook,  Ap.  8 
907  Ann  Daughter  of  Sam"  haines 
Jun',  Apr.  23 


1875.]     Greenland,  i\r.  //. — Earhj  Ministerial  Records.  37 

998  Elizabeth  Dr.  of  Joseph  Meloon  1024  Deborah  Dr.  of  Jainea  Err.ck- 

April  24  et,  Dec.  17 

909  Stephen    sou  of  Will'"  Jenkins  I75O 

iAAr>  '■,,■';  ''-^ ''  c   T  T^v.^o  1025  MuLlhiiis   son   of  S:im"  hains, 

1000  ihomas  son    of  James  Jones  ,       _ 

1 -.Ai     A 1  •'''^•l'^■l^     n         1      -n'    1  Mar.  18,  Josliua  son  of  Donja- 

1001  AbiiraileDr.of  Jonathans  eeks  •    -n  at       ia 

,  =    0  mm  lomson,  Mar.  L^ 

-ic^,^^  ^     J  T^       P   T    1        Af    1    •  1027  John   son   of  Sam"   Whitteu, 

1002  Lydia  Dr.  ot   Joshua  Alackris  a      1  c 

lAAo   /p."  ,    Tir  r»        f  1028  Comfort  Dr.  of  Bracket  John- 

1003  Jo.  hams  cov'    Merce  Dr.    01  at       m 

7        u  u  •       n  *   o  son,  May  ID 

Joseph  hams,  Uct.  J  iaoa    t-\  rr-i^       t        q 

iAA<   -NT  ,.  ^       ,  ,-.     AT-  <.,^•  1020  Josiahsonof.Tosiahfo?s.June  J 

1004  rsatnanaei    son    ot     Matthias  ,^.0^  -r*  v       i    i^        e  x.-^•..  ^„   f  >■ 

,    .       n,  L   n  1030  Deborah  Dr.  ot  li-liozer   Late 
hams,  Uct.  2  ,  _ 

100c  ]\Iary  Dr.  of  Jonathan  Barker,  ,^oi    t         T^        r  n  i^  ir 

,-.  y  OA  1031  Jean  Dr.  of  George   \>a!lice, 
Oct,  M  T     f>  -^  t 

1006  Bettv  Dr. of  Nathanael  Brack-  ia^o  Ar  ilV-"  p  ak        t    • 

,  •;-,       ,-,  10u2  Matthias  son  of  Abner  haius, 
et,  Dt;c.  9  .         - 

1007  ThankuiU  Dr.  of  Walter  Weeks  .r^--  t     r"^  i         t        i 

^.       .,_  lOoo  LvUia    gooe   owned   cov'   and 

■M\ry-^   71-  1       1  c    y^  i  baptiz.  Aucj.  2  b 

lOOa  iacaard  soa  ot  Abner  hanes,  iaoi    c-  r    t        ' 

^^    ^  .-)7  '  1034  Simeon   son   ot   Josepn  gone, 

XN  OV.  Z  i  A  O  P 

1009  ,lo.shua  son   of  Wm.    Weeks,  -.ao-  ^r    '?'  f   t  v      ■\t'\-,  - 

rx       1 ,  '  103o  Mark    son   of  John    vv  lutten, 

-Dec.  li  c       OA 

^-^g  Sep.  30 

lAiAC-      i-r»-r>^      ■\T      1-A1  1036  Edward  son  of  Edward  Derbon 

1010  Ibarah  Dr.  Docter  March,  Apl.  ,,->■■«-  o      u     t^       w  e     ^ 

,p  '     ^  lOo/    barah     Daughter     ot     Josepu 

,.vii    T  1,  r  T3     •      •     I  Meloon  Oct.  23 

lull  John  son  01  ijeniamm  homes,  ■,a-->o  -r>         i  <•  t'^  .9  \,    -,„ 

»       ,^  -^  '  IO08  Dependence  son  01  Ino'Avtrs 

Ap-  16  ^'[^^  11 

1012  Mehitable  Dr.  of  Wm.  Blazo,  moA   m       '   ^   ^      PTr-ir  ^  tt-^^i-^ 

.       OA  10o9   Clementsouof  \v  liuam  W  eeks, 

^P-  ^^  Dec  30 

1013  Mollev  Dr.  of  Ben-^-  Williams,  ^^' 

Ma/21  [1751] 

1014  Paul  son   of  Paul  Chapman,  1040  Mary  Daughter  of  NathUlug-*, 

May  28  Ja  1. 

1015  Margaret  Dr.  o  leonard  Weeks,  1041  Lemuel  son  of  Nathan  Jolm- 

]May  28  son,  Jan.  25 

1016  Pobert  Tufton  son  o  rob.  Tufton  1042  Joseph  son  of  Benj^  Williams, 

Philbrook,  .July  9  Mar.  31 

1017  William   son   of   John   Lang,  1043  Jonathan     son    of     Jonathan 

Aug.  13  Weeks,  Ap' 7 

1018  Martha    Dr.    of  Samuel  Wil-  1044  Wilh  lane  owned  cov' for  bap- 

liams,  Aug.  13  tism  of    son  whose  name   is 

1019  James  son  of  Thomas  Sherborn,  Daniel,  Ap.  28 

Oct.  15  1045  Clem'  son  of  Doc'  March.June  2 

1020  Sam"    son  of    Daniel    Davis,  1046  Joanah  Dr.  of  Matthias  Weeks, 

Octo.  15  July  14 

1021  Eliz.Dr.ofWilPBerrey,Nov.  1047  jNIary    Dr.   of  Ens.   Matthias 

12  Hains,  July  14 

1022  Elijah   son    of  Nat.  Marston,  1048  Job  Savage  owned  y*  coven'  & 

Dec.  10  child  Mehit.  bap.  Aug.  25 

1023  Th.vjder   son  of   John   Dam,  1049  Stephen  son  of  Thos.  Ayers, 

Dec.  10  Sep.  1 

VOL.  XZIX.  4 


38 


Greenland,  JSI'.  II. — Earhj  j\rinisterial  Hecords.      [Jan. 


1050  James  sou  of  Janios  Bracket, 

iS'ov.  3 

1051  Lemuel  son  of  Nathaniel  Mas- 

tin,  Nrjv.  10 

1052  Maiy  Dr.  of  Tulcou  Tliirorook, 

Dec. 

1053  William   "WalHs   or/ned  cove- 

nant &  cliild  baptized  John, 
Dec.  8 

1054  Ruth?  Dr.  of  John  flood,  Dec. 

15 

The  foregoing  completes  the  list  of  Baptisms  as  now  found  in  the  original. 
A  part  of  the  roll  containing  names  to  No.  1O02  is  mi-sing,  -u-orn  away 
probably  by  rollii'g  and  unrolling  during  the  120  years  since"  it  was  com.- 
pleted.  ^ 


1055  Josh  haines  &:  wife  owned  cove- 
nant son  JiTnes  baptized,  De<% 
22 

105G  Sarah  Dr.  of  Sam'  Whitteu 

1057  Joshua  sou  of  Joshua 

1058  Abner  hains  sou  of 

1059  Enoch  son 
10 GO  INInllv  Dr. 
lOGl  Will''',  sou  of 


ROLL    OF    DEATHS    KEPT    BY    THE    REV.    WILLIAil    ALLEX. 

This  Roll  has  apparently  bceu  through  the  ftrc.  About  thirty  years  of 
the  tirst  part  of  his  ministry  is  missing, — and  what  remains  is  blackened  and 
mucli  defaced,  and  ia  places  hard  to  d'ecipher.  Every  word  is  given  so  far 
as  can  be  read. 


depart  this  life  1735 

eeks 

Babb 

ow  Huggins 

Widow  Huggins 

er  of  "Widow  Huggins 

ild  of  Judith  Berry 

child  of  Naihanael  Hoggins- 

Sept  12  Donovan 

Sept  15  Sarali  a  child  of  Nathanael 

Huggins 
Sept  19  Sarah  Douevau 
Sept.  21  a  son  of  Samuel  Davis 
Sept  2-4  Marcy  Daugh'  Sam  Davis 
Sept         a  son  oi  Sainuel  Davis 
Oct'     3  Michael  Hicks 
Nov.    3.  kings  wife 

17  a  child  of  Jedediiih  ?  Weeks. 

173G 
19  IMrs.  Eleanor  Weeks 
3  Ichabod  \\'eek3 

her  of  Eebeckah  Davis 
10  Joshua  Weeks — 
a  child  of  3Iichael  W 
Hannah  Daughter  of  James 

lock 
a  son  of  Walter  Weeks 

alter        of  AValter  Weeks 
John  Pearson 


a  child  of  N.ith;uir-e!  Hug-    Se])t.    5 


gins 


1737 
a  child  of  Mr.  Moses 
a  Daughter  of  Joseph 
a  Daughter    of    Nathanael 

Johnson 
Mr.  Joshua  Hains 
Mr.  jMordogh 
4  a  child  of  John  Dockam 
22  old  Mr.  John  Phil  brook 

1738  [bon 

Mar.  30  a  child  of  jMr.  Ivirhard  Sam- 
Apr.   6.  old  Mrs.  Jean  Vittom 
Apr.   6.  at  night  Ivachel  Jarfey   or 

J  arte  y 
Apr.  11.  a  child  of  Natlian  ]Mastiu 
Apr.  11.  at  night  Mrs.  Chapman 

1739 
Mav    3  ^Yv.  Roch 

1740 
feb   -3.    Charls  Allen 
iNIar.        a  negro  of  Dr.  !Marcli 
Apr.  21.  a  child  of  Mr.  John  Blake 
May        a  child  of  Benjamin  Kenis- 

tone 
MaylO.  Elisha  a  sou  of  James  Cate 
June       Rachel  Sampson — throat  dis- 
temper 
a  Ser.  girl  at  Matthias  hains, 

tliroat  dis' 
5.  Sam'  iiaiiis  son  o  Matthias 
throat  dis' 


June 


1875.]    Greenland,  N.  H.— Early  Ministerial  JRecords. 


39 


Sept.  29  throat  &c 

Oct.    15  John  Neals  throat 
Oct.    25  old  widow  BrJaut 

1711 
Mar.  a  boj  at  ^Matthias  Ilains  Juri'" 

throte 
Mar.  23.  a  chiM  of  Caleb  Philbrooks 

throto 
Ap.    17.  asouof  Joseph  Grant  throat 
June  2  G.  a  daughter  of  Abiatha  Sam- 

bon 
July  13  a  son  of  Josuih  foss 
1742 

ild  of  James  Nudd 
feb.    13.  the  vidow  Sarah  Weeks 
Apr.  21 — Sarauel  Chapman 
May  31.  Abi^-ail  King 
July  2G.  Love  Norton  drowned 
IS'ov.  3.  Ebenezer  Cate  Deacon  Cats 

son  [temper 

Nov.    fi.  Simon    Br'-^nt   throat    dis- 

a  child  of  Benjamin  Kenls- 

tone  throat  distemper 
G.  James  Cate's  daughter  Abi- 
gail throat  distemper 
Nov.   16.    John    Allen's    Daughter 

hanah  throat  distemper 
next  a  boy  lived  with  Nath^ 

huggin?  throat 
"1743 
Jan.  12.  a  son  of  .Toslah  foss  throat 

distemper. 
Jan.  22  &,  2S.  Two  children  of  Josiah 

foss  throat  dis'. 
Jan    22  Arnel  brick 
May  31  old  Mrs.  Mas  tin 
July    4  Abigail  Dr.  of  John  Weeks 

tiiroat  dis'' 
14.  Joshua  son  of  -John  Weeks 

throat  dis''. 
daughter  of  .John  Weeks 
July  23.  a  child  of  Joseph  Grant 
Aug.  14  MartliaDr.of  James  Whitten 
Oct-     5.  a  clilld  of  Caleb  Phiibrook 

throat  dis^ 
Oct  or  Nov.  Granny  Woolford 
Ditto  a  child  of  John  Allen. 
Nov  2  chil°.  Eben^  Johnson  throat 

distem. 
1744 
Feb.  11.  a  child  of  Jonathan  Weeks 
June  11.  Cajit   Whitceu's   wife  sud- 
denly 


5    Old  IMr.  Henderson 


jSrar     1 
April  9. 


Oet. 
Oct. 


1. 

13 


Nov  28    old  INIr.  huggins 
1745^ 
Abraham  Briant's  wife 
also   of   ye    Clerk  Deacon 
Hains 
July  10  Mr.  Nathan    .Johnson    de- 
ceased y's  life 
Bhizo's  Daughter 
Old  Mr,^.  Norton 
a  child  of  Dan.  Davis 
Nov.  or  Dec"^  Old  Mrs.  Urin 
174G 
Mr.  Thomas  Tufts?  a  chiM  of 
Daniel  Allen  SonH"'"'  -^-"^ 
Jonathan  Ba'-ker's  Wife 
Samuel  King{  'e^"/''"''"^"' 
Capt.  Samuel  Weeks  about 

9  morning 
Mrs.  Clark  wife  of  Enc'^ 

Clark 
at    night    Eadward    Dear- 
bon 
3   Ann  Neale,  at  eleven  in  ye 

day 
21a  negro  child  of  Mrs.  Mc.rch 
a  negro  child  of  Mrs.  Mack- 


Jan,  3 
Jan.  22 
Jan.  22 


Feb. 
Mar. 

Ap\ 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 


1 

2G 

9. 
2 


Tom  Indian  at  ISIr.  Parker's 

1747 
Old  Mr.  Gosg 
Sam  Ken  May  8 
Widow  Tucker  July  latter  end 
Mark  Whiden  Aug.  12 
Aug.  22— a    chUd    of    Eph.    Phil- 
brook 
Octo.  a  child  of  Dan.  Davis 

No.  4.  .Joseph  Berry's  wife 
Nov.  5  or  G.  a  son  of  Will.  Janlcins 
Nov.  23    Ellas  Phiibrook  Sudden 

Death 
Dec.    7.  Mr.  John  Johnson  Sen^ 

1748 
Jan.  26.  Elizabeth  Groo 
Feb.  29    a  child  of  l!^liz.  Urin  sup- 
posed 
May    8   John  Brazeel 
June  27   Jonathan  Weeks  Sen'. 
Sep.    6   at  midnight  Deacon  John- 
son 
Sep'.  12   lewis  hains  wife  at  9  or  10 

a  clock 
Nov.  a  negi'o  child  of  3Ir.  Clai'k 


40  Greenland,  IT,  H.—Earhj  Ministerial  Records.     [Jim. 


Nov.  10  a  child  of  Mr  Jankius  ) 
Nov.  15  Benjamin   Gate  and  MYcek 

Sarali  Ncale  ) 

Dec.    G.  a  child  of  John  Allen  Black- 
head 
1749 
Deacon  Gate  Jan.  4 — at  night. 
Apr.  a  ch  ild  of  Willi:i,ni  (      a  nef^ro 

Jankins  (  Doc'.  March 

Apr.  11.  a  child  of  Benjamin  Thomp- 
son 
Apr.  24.  hanah  Clark  Enoch's 

Daughter 
June  9.  Old  Mr.^IIen.  Clark 
June  IS.    Bracket    Johnson's    only 

child 
June  19  old  Mr.  Bracket 
July  30.  a  child  of  John  hains 
Aug.  a  Son  of  Ebenezer  Jolmson 
Aug.  27  Mark  Jewel's  wife 
Oct.  12.  a  chHd  of  John  liollins 
Oct.  13.  I\rr^,  Nudd 
Dec.  23  "William  huggins  wife 

1750 
feb.  20.  Mr.  Clark's  negro 
Mar.  30.  a  child  of  Leon"^.  "Weeks 
Mar.  Stephen  Rollins.  Mar.  30 
Sep.  7.  Mr,  Sam  hains 
Sep.  8.  Joseph  Goo's  wife 

1751 
a  child  leonard  Weeks 
Mrs.  Buckuel  Decern.  29 

1752 
Mrs.  Jankins  Jan.  19 
Mar.  28.  Gapt.  Johnson  79 
Apr.  5  Mr.  John  foss  aged  95 
May  8.  I\Irs.  Goss  '.^g(t^^  84 
May  24.  jMary  Weeks  Dr.  of  leigh 

Weeks  1  yr 
Sep.  13  "Widow  Moody 
Octo.  1.  Joshua  Weeks 
Nov.  20  Hanah  haines 

1753 
Jan.  19  old  IVIrs.  huggins  85 
Mar.  11  Jlr.  Jonatha'n  Dockum 
Apr.  2.  "Widow  Susan\  Johnson 
Apr.  24.  a  child  of  Matthias  hains 
May  24  John  Simpson 
June  10.  Old  ^Ir  Maston 
May        a  cLild  Will,  husins 
July  12  Tho'.  Bracket 
Sep.  17  a  boy  of  Paid  Chapman 
8  year 


Sep.  22  a  boy  of  Paul  Chapman 

2yr 
Octo.  25.  a  Daugliter  of  James  John- 
son 17  yr 
Nov.    5  a  child  of  Jonathan  Weeks 

•  2  yr. 
Nov.  4.  a  negro  Nathan  Bracket 
Nov.         a  child  Nathancl  Bracket 

8  months 
Nov.  19.  a  child  .John  hufj'nns 
JNov.  2<.  a  child  of  francis  Berrey 

infant 
Dec.        a  child  of  John  "Whitten 

1754 
Mar.  Mr.  John  Piollins  wife  feb.  2G 
Apr.  16.  a  child  of  James  Jones  a^e  G. 
Apr.  27  or  28  Mrs.  Meloon 
May  27  Mrs.  James  Nudd 
July  31  a  child  Joseph  Meloon  7  y". 
a  child  of  JMrs.  Meloon  12 
henery  IMeloou's  wife 
David    Simpson's    child   10 

days  old 
a  child  of  John  hill  3  years 
Octo.  13  Abigail  Chapman 
Octo.  18  Paul  Chapman 
1755 
a  child  of  "Wm.  foss 
eb.  23  Widow  Kenneston  Jun' 
22  Mrs.  IMacres 
1755  ^^1x9:  Hannah  hains 
1755  Tim^.  Johnson 
old  Mrs.  Bryar 
a  twin  child  of  Sam  hains 
Mrs.  hdl 

twin  child  of  Sam  hains 
Joseph  Grant 

Allen's  wife 
1756 
Id  Cap.  "Weeks  wife 
John  Fall's  wife 

8  wife 
Samuel  Neale 
ah  hill 

athan  Barker 
14 

1757 
Jankins 

old  Mrs.  hugins 
Tompson 
Eob'  Grant 
Jolmson 


1875.]    Greenland,  JSf.  H.— Early  Ministerial  Eccords.  41 

Upon  the  back  of  the  Roll  of  Dcatlis  of  persons  in  Greeuland,  kept  by  the 
Rev.  "William  Allen,  is  found  the  following  list  of  names,  with  the  sums  in 
pomals,  shilliucrs  and  pence  a2;ainst  them  respectively.  As  the  roll  has  beeu 
through  lire  and  water,  several  names  cannot  be  deciphered.  There  is  no 
date  to  show  precisely  when  these  names  were  written  down,  but  probably 
this  is  a  list  of  persons  who  paid  the  sums  against  their  names  for  the  sup- 
port of  the  minister  between  1742  and  1745. 
James  Berry  0.10.0.  0.10.0.  0.10.9.0.  John  Johnson  0.10.0. 
Sarah  Jolins^^n    1.0.  Deakon  Neale  0.10.0.  O.3.G.  0.5.10. 

Widow  folsham  0.5.0.  0.4.6.  James  Whittou  0.10.0.  0.10.6. 

WalttT  Week?   0.9.6.  0.8.0.  0.2.0.  0.5. G.     A. 1.5.0.  0.15.0.  1.5. 

Eaa\^a^l  Dearbon  0.5.0.  0.5.0.  Joshua  Bracket  1.10.0.  0.15.0.  1.0.0. 

Elinor  Weeks  0.5.0.  Mary  Waltun  0.2.0. 

John  IMazo  0.5.0.  0.10.6.  Sarnie  Nealo  0.3.0.  0.1.9.  0.5.0. 

Jorat!  an  Weeks  0.4.0.  0.3.0.  Sarah  Keuesrone  0.1.6. 

Elias  Phil  brook    0.15.0.  Eleazer  Cate  0.1.0. 

Joshua  AVeeks      0.2.6.  Kuth  Estubrook  0.2.0. 

John  Weeks         1.0.0.  0.10.0.  Phebe  Chapman  0.3  0. 

John  Cate  0.15.0.0.5.0.  Jeane  Dockum    O.l.O.     • 

Capt  Josh.  Weeks      1.0.0.  0.15.0.  1.1.6.     John  Estabrook  0.0.9. 
1.5.4.  Sarah  Johnson    0.2.0. 

Jauies  tb-s  0.3.6.  0.2.6.  Deliverance  f^lshani  0.1.0. 

RioliarJ  Carter     0.3.0.  0.2.0.  AVilliam  Wallice  0.2.3. 

Jtlary  March  0.5.0.  Deakon  Ilains  0.10.0.  0.10.0. 

Y\>eks  1.0.0.  0.18.4 

Uriu     0.10.0.  0.5.';. 


AxciENT  Forms  usiid  dj  the  Conveyance  of  Propekty. — Zebulon  Hill  sen^  his 
te-stimonie  Recorded  by  y« :  desire  of  M^  flrancis  Croad  the  2"-''  day  of  June,  1691. 

The  tpstimonie  of  Zebalon  Hill  a^ed  abt.  64  years,  this  depcment  testiiiech  k 
saith  that  he  beini;  att  y^  house  of  Richard  Croad"uponthe  day  &  tyine  wheu  Thomas 
Robhins  signed  &  sealed  to  a  deed  of  guift,  fjr  some  estate  of  his  Wcii  he  liad  .^iven 
to  Hauah  y«  daughter  of  Richard  Croad,  And  this  deponent  as  a  witness  sett  his 
hanrl  to  y^  said  deed.  And  Thomas  Robins  did  att  y-  same  tyme,  goe  tjrth  of  y'^  house 
of  P.ioluH-d  Croad  with  him  the  said  Croad  and  this  deponent,  into  the  Lott  of  iho 
said  Robbias,  so  far  as  to  a  small  white  oak  tree,  the  w*^'*^  by  the  said  Robb;ns  v^ 
Croad  was  there  by  a  knife  markt.  And  Thomas  Robbins  th':.u  said  hitherto  havoi 
given  unto  Hanah  Croad,  And  so  then  deliveres  accordini^  to  tbrme  of  Law,  us^  in 

Sart  f;r  the  whole,  the  said  land  unto  Richard  Croad  for  the  use  Oc  h.ehoofc  of  Ids 
au  -'hter  Hanah  afore"'^  to  be  hers  att  y^  decease  of  the  said  Robbins  :  And  al-'.'  the 
saiu  Robbins  did  saye  as  concemeing  yc  estate  he  had  given  to  Hanah  Croad,  i\\\;  I 
have  given  her,  and  what  I  have  given  I  have  given,  and  accurs/^d  bee  him  tliat  shall 
ever  goe  about  to  alter  itt,  the  said  Robbins  was  att  y'  time  well  composed  nnd  not 


—  .jy  turte  &  twig  m  part 

had  given  her  to  her  father  Rtchard  Croad  ;  for  y*^  use  5c  behoofe  of  the  said  liailah. 
Sworne  before  mee  J"°.  Hathorn,  Assist : 
Salem,  February  7'-^,  16S4-5.  H.  F.  Waters. 

■  Howard.— (Suffolk  Co.  Court  Files,  1691.)  Mary  Howard,  dan.  of  .Jeremiah  How- 
ard, dec'd,  son  of  Robert  Howard,  late  of  Boston,  N.  E.,  Nutan,-  Public,  dee'd., 
chooses  her  father-in-law,  AP.  Peter  Welcome,  of  Rost:.  mariner,  as  guardian. 
Mary.  dau.  of  John  Howard,  dec'd,  son  of  Robt  (as  above),  chouses  her  honored 
grand-father,  iP.  Ezokiel  Choever,  school-master  of  Boston,  as  her  guardian.  Sam- 
uel Minott,  son  of  Sam'  i^linott,  late  of  R.  I.,  dec'd,  &  wife  Hannah,  one  of  the 
daughters  of  said  Robt.,  makes  choice  of  his  master,  I\P.  Edward  Creeke,  of  Bo--ton, 
as  his  guardian.  Samuel  Smith,  son  of  Thomas  Smith,  di-tilltr,  and  gr-son  of  sd 
Robt.  Howard,  chooses  his  lather  as  his  guardian.  The  above  named  minors  wece 
all  inre.r<-;.-5Led  in  the  estates  of  Robert  Howard  and  his  son  Jonathan,  dec'd. 

H.  F.  Waters. 

VOL.  XXIX.  4* 


//,;^'V3 


LOTl., 

of  Sir 
m.  2 
no  lu. 


■Wiliip.ra  Cor???,    of 
Aldf-rtou  Xonlnint?; 

m.  Cicily :   lie  d. 

IJSO.     Thty  h.".'':  cue 

ti'.ui.  \v',!o  ni.  Sir 
ThoEDas  ilazilricj'c. 


Sir  Thoinaa  Gorec-3,  b. 
163'-i ;  Kt.  liirti ; 
Groom  of  lifd- 
chamher  to  Queen 
Kliziihftli; 
—  Ueleuii   bhackcii- 
burp,  a  SwLclti 
(wi(J.  of  AV'm. 
Furr,  Jiarcj.  of 
Northampton). 
iie  d.  1010;  she  d. 
16:!.>,  at.  oO.  liotri 
tuiiied  under  a 
fin''  tomb  in 
Salisbury  Cat  It. 


eobold 
;cs,  of 
■■.y  Gl. 
■;    ni  1 
Jaa.  of 
Foole ; 
Ann, 
f  Sir 
Giifro, 
.  W>7, 
^'  three 
.iters. 


I 

Sir  Kobert 

Cor-es,  b. 

l;-.<i;  m. 

Mary.  dau. 

of  ^\  il'iiani 

Harding. 

Ho  d.  l-MS. 

Scver'l  child. 

[s^ee   lit.ciis- 

TF-K,  xxvi. 


Elizabct!'., 

m.  1  .Sir  llui^b 

Smyth,  Kt.  ; 

ni.  2  Sir  Ftr- 

dinando 

Gorges. 


Frances,  m. 
Sir  Ihomas 
Tyriugham, 
Kt. 

BriJn-et, 
ni.  Sir 
Robert 
Pbili],.:  of 
Montacute, 
.Somerstt. 


tin; 

'jeen 
reat 
pare 
pon 
his 

Dfio 

the 


iie 

od 
h- 

lesh. 


Margaret, 

ni.  1  Sir 

Thomas 

Fleuiin^; 

m.  ■-'  Sir 

F.  Prid- 

geau;  m. 

3  Sir  John 

Maynard. 

She  d. 

107D. 


Katherinf, 
m.  Sir 
■Hdbert 

Dillington. 


Hril>Tet, 
m.  I-'.ev, 
Ksokicl 
Jolmiau. 


Elizabeth, 
d.  1608. 


Ferdinando  Gorge3, 
a  Barbartoe^  mer- 
cliant;  m,  Jlelrira 
Hilliard,  of  Kye, 
Herefords...  Ke  d. 
1701.  This  branch 
is  extinct  cxcrpt  ia 
the  female  line. 


Ilf  jcuii, 
El,  .John 
Gibbons, 

Slarv, 
d.  lOGO. 
Maid  of 
Honor  to 
ElLinbeih, 
Quetn  of 
Boheaiia. 
She  d.  at 
the  lia^^io. 


Honry,  di.-i  l,;ri, 

aictd  17.  in  hij 
fatiier'i  life-tim.^. 


tbo 

Ob- 


ir- 

■n, 

01 


Alexander.       Elizabeth. 


f^;x-^^ 


PEDIGR'^E    OP 

Sin  EDTVARD  GOUGES,  died  Feb.  150l!-7=Har7,  dan.  of  Sir  Antbcny  Poji-.U. 


wid.  cfbir  lluuh 
r!li.     Sbo  d.  1008. 
He  d.  1«7. 


SirRobtTt     SEtntlel    William.     Tlio 

2ta9,      Elizabeth,   Dorothy,  Fra^icc"',    .Tohn  Gorges, 

Gorge.i,  in.    Cort'os,                     D.  D 

;  m.     m.  Franci!    m.  Will.  m.  1 .1.ibn  b.  15'J.l;    nj.l 

1610,  Marv,    m.  Jaae                       Frances       Treiir.li.inl.    Curey.      Luttr.il ;    lO'Jii,  Lndy  F. 

Gov.  cif 

1  (w.    Hcd.  lerj.                     ni.  aSir     Clinton ;  ,T   2 

New 

11.  Daren ;      rritl.or                   otU: 

no-                                            E.ltiard        llarr.  daa. 

Engl'iL 

m.  2  Doro-  G.  Allen.                    venden)!                                       Soutlicut.        ofslri'. 

tby  Heller,      He  d.                      Arclfl.  of          ■                                 Meade;  he 

wld.  ofSir       !Ori.                     -(Vine 

C.  ■Vcighao;       -                          Trel 

•v  of                                            f.dward           d.  1007. 

died  ».  p.                                     Wes 

Bter. 

mia-                                           Tynte;he              1 
lied.                                            d.  ir.jfi, 

1077, 

t.  p.                                            she  WOO.                1 

Edward  Gorpea,       Samuel  Go'-^es, 

Ferdinando  Gorzep,       .  Jane,       Cicely, 

b.  11531 ;  m.  li<i.-|,     tj.  l«j :   .Todfe  in 
Grace,  da.  of  Will.    Ireland,  buried  at 

of  HilliiiKiion,  Middle-       Aiai,      m.  lOo-. 

Winter.    He  died       KilkeRney:  m. 

Marv  Arcliuale,  10*W.                       Chapman. 

170S.                   Dame  JIurg't 

Ucd.  I71Naged(ia. 

1                    HoitingH,  fl.  p. 

Ferdlnadito  GorpcB, 

Samnel  Gor^og, 

b.  lCC:i;m.  1705.  Cath- 

b.  irar;  d.  lojj:  m. 

KlLjabetli. 

EUzabeth  Gorges,  helresi  of  WrnTall ; 

b.  1066  —  170'J,  Col.  .lohn  Codlinftac 

I  U,  P.  for  Batb,  1710. 

Jane  Codrington,  belregg : 


44  The  Gorges  Family.  [Jan. 


TITE   GORGES   FA^NHLY. 

Ly  tli«  Ktiv.  l-'iiEDERiCK  Browx,  of  Bcckcnliam,  Kent,  Eug, 

[There  has  lon^;  been  a  desire  among  Listorical  students  to  obiaiu  fuller, 
more  authentic  and  precise  details  of  the  {lersonal  history  of  Sir  Ferc'.inan- 
do  Gorges,  the  founder  of  the  state  of  Maine,  and  his  numerous  and  dis- 
tinguished relatives,  some  of  whom  are  connected  with  American  as  well 
as  English  history.  "We  have  now  the  pleasure  of  laying  before  the  readers 
of  the  Register,  a  communication  from  the  Ilev.  Mr.  Brown,  of  Feni 
Bank,  Beckenham,  Kent,  formerly  of  Nailsea  near  Bristol,  England,  who, 
for  more  than  twenty  years,  has  been  collecting  materials  relative  to  the 
Gorge-;  family,  and  lo  Avhom  several  of  our  American  writers  have  been 
indebted  for  important  facts.  He  has  already  sufficient  material — a  great 
part  gathered  from  wills,  registers,  and  other  unprinted  sources — to  prepare 
a  good  sized  volume  on  the  subject ;  and  we  hope  he  will  be  prevailed  upr^n 
to  do  so.  The  present  contribution  is  of  course  a  very  small  part  of  his 
collections.  It  is  a  small  part  even  of  those  relating  to  Sir  Ferdinando 
Gorges  and  his  descendants  ;  for  he  has  not  attempted  to  give  all  the 
multifarinn«;  informatioa  derived  from  English  and  American  printed  bocks. 

The  tabular  pedigree  on  the  preceding  pages  and  the  following  illustracivo 
notes  will  show  us  the  precise  relationslup  of  some  of  the  actors  in  the 
colonization  of  New-England,  concerning  whom  there  has  been  some  ob- 
scurity. 

For  other  pedigrees  and  notices  of  the  Gorges  family,  see  the  Register, 
XV.  17-20  (where  earlier  generations  will  be  found);  iviii.  2S7  ;  xx-\i. 
331-2 ;  xxviii.  404-9.  J.  w.  DE.of,] 

Sir  Ferdinaxdo*  Gorges  was  the  younger  son  of  Edward  Gorges,  E -q., 
of  Wraxall,  Somerset,  whose  will,  dated  Aug.  10,  lu68,  was  proved  Sept.  17, 
1568.  The  elder  son  was  Sir  Edward  Gorges,  kt.,  of  "Wraxall,  who  mar- 
ried Dorothy,  daughter  of  Sir  George  Speke,  kt.,  and  died  at  Wraj;all, 
where  he  was  buried  Dec.  16,  1624.  It  is  not  certain  that  Sir  Ferdinando 
Gorges  was  born  at  "Wraxall ;  and  the  probability  is  that  he  was  not,  as  the 
"Wraxall  Registers,  which  have  been  carefully  kept,  contain  no  record  of  hi:; 
baptism.  Moreover,  his  father,  Edward  Gorges,  Esq..  died  at  Clerkenweli, 
Aug.  20,  1.568.  His  funeral  certificate  is  in  the  College  of  Arms  (i.  5, 
161).  The  mother  of  Sir  Ferdinando  was  Cicely,  daughter  of  William 
Lygon,  of  Madrestield,  Worcestershire,  an  ancestor  of  the  present  Eari  of 
Beauchamp.     She  married,  secondly,  John  Vivian,  Esq. 

Edward  Gorges,  in  his  will,  bequeathed  to  his  son  Ferdinando,  '•  a  chayr^e 
of  gold  waying  23  oz.,"  100£,  and  ''  his  manor  of  Birdcombe,  Wraxall, 
to  have  and  to  hold  to  him  and  his  assigns  for  and  during  the  term  of  xxiv 
years,  if  he  so  long  shall  live."  As  the  elder  brother  of  Sir  Ferdinando, 
Edward  Gorges,  was  baptized  at  Wraxall,  Sept.  5,  lo64,  and  their  father 
died  in  1568,  the  date  of  his  birth  may  be  between  1565  and  1567.  His 
father  speaks  of  "  my  little  children." 

It  is  generally  thought  that  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges  was  knighted  in  1591,^ 

'  In  a  "  Journal  of  the  Siejre  of  Rouen,"  by  Sir  Thomn<=  Coninirs'oy,  edited  by  John 
Gough  Nichols,  F.S.A.,  in  the  Camden  Miscellanv,  vol.  i.  (Cam<!en  Society's  Publicaiions, 
ToL  xxxix.)  D.  27,  under  date  of  Oct.  8, 1591,  it  ia  recorded  that "  our  lord  gencrall made 


1875.]  The  Gorges  Famihj.  45 

and  this  (l;ite  was  communicated  to  me  by  Colonel  Chester ;  but  this  docs 
not  noree  ^\it]l  the  fact  that  Sir  IS'icholas  Gori^'cs,  his  great  uncle,  whoso 
will  is  dated  Oct.  28,  l5CiO  (proved  1^91),  bequeaths  "to  my  nephew,  Sir 
Ferdinando  Gorges,  my  greatest  cuilt  boll  [i.  c.  bowl]  with  the  cover." 

'J'here  is  an  interesting  incident  connected  Avitli  Sir  Fenhnaudo  Gorges 
mentioned  in  the  '•  Arch;vologia  "  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  (vol.  oo, 
part  ;.)'  tiititled"  iS'e'./  JMuttvials  fur  a  Life  of  Sir  \V'alter  Kalcigh  by  J. 
I'ayne  Collier,"  read  before  the  society,  June  22,  1853. 

i  omit  in  my  statement  relative  to  Sir  Ferdinando  all  the  many  referen- 
ces to  irnn  in  his  connection  with  the  Earl  of  Essex's  rebellion,  his  gover- 
norship of  riymouth,  the  civil  war  and  the  colonization  of  America,  which 
are  contained  "in  the  State  Papers  and  other  printed  documents.  See  also 
C)ldmixon's  "  History  of  the  Stuarts,"  vol.  i.  p.  76;  Seycr's  "History  of 
Brisrol."  vol.  ii.  pp.  309  and  404;  Barrett's  "  History  of  Bristol,"  ]>.  414. 

Sir  Ferdinando's  first  wife  was  Ana  Bell,  daughter  of  Edward  Bell,  of 
"Writtle,  Essex.  They  were  married  at  St.  Margaret's,  "Westminster, 
Feb.  24,  l.JSO-OO.  She  was  buried  in  St.  Sepulchres,  London,  Aug.  6, 
1  020.  T\"illiam  Gorges,  of  St.  Budeaus,  Devon,  son  of  Tristram  Gorges, 
E>q.,  in  hi:;  will,  June  20,  1C14,  bequeaths  "  a  mourning  cloke  to  Sir  Ferdi- 
nando Gorges,"  and  "  mourning  weeds  to  my  Lady  Ann  Gorges." 

Sir  Ferdinando  by  Ann,  his  first  wife,  had  four  children,  viz. : — 


i.     John 
ii.    Koi3f..".T. 
iii. 
iv. 


HoSiA,  ]   ^-i^odiedyoum 


He  married,  secondly,  ISIary  Fulford,  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Fulford, 
and  sister  of  Bridget  Fulford,  the  wife  of  Arthur  Champernown  of  Darting- 
ton,  Devon.  Mary  Fulford  was  the  widow  of  Thomas  Aehim,  of  Hall, 
Cornwall,  whose  will  was  [jroved  1G19.  She  died  1G23.  "Adm'^Aug.  1, 
lG2o,  of  Dame  Mary  Achim  alias  Gorges,  late  of  Plymouth,  Devon,  de- 
ceased, granted  to  her  brother  Sir  Francis  F\ilford,  kt.,  and  John  Berriman 
of  kin  to  the  deceased,  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges,  kt.,  the  husband  of  deceased 
renouncing." 

It  was  Through  this  marriage  that  Francis  Champernown,  the  son  of  Ar- 
thur and  Bridget  Champernown,  is  called  the  nephew  of  Sir  Ferdinando 
Gorges.     Sir  Ferdinando  had  no  cliildren  by  her. 

He  married  thirdlv,  Elizabeth  Gorges,  one  of  the  daughters  of  Tristram 
Gorges,  son  of  Sir  William  Gorges,  kt.^  of  St.  Budeaux,  Devon,  by  Elizabeth 
d.uigjiter  of  Martyn  Cole.  He  was  her  third  husband.  She  married  first, 
ia  1014.  Aug.  1,  Edward  Courtney,  son  of  Sir  Peter  Courtney,  of  Lan- 
drake,  Cornwall.  (Her  sister,  Douglas  Gorges,  married,  in  IGlo,  William 
Courtney,  brother  of  Edward.)  They  werelhe  parents  of  Sir  Peter  Court- 
ney.'  of  Trethurtfe,    kt.     Elizabeth   Courtney  married   secondly,  

Blithe,  of  whom  I  kiiow  nothing.  She  died  in  1G29.  Administration, 
March  10,  1028-9,  of  Dame  Elizabeth  Gorges,  alias  Blithe,  alias  Court- 

24  kniirhts."  The  editor  (p.  71)  ns  a  note  to  this,  prints  from  the  Harleian  MSS.  6CC3,  art. 
26,  a  li^t  of  "Knights  made  J.y  Roliort  Erie  of  E.-sex  before  Roane,  1591."  containing, 
however,  only  22  names,  of  which  "  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorge  "  is  the  last.  See  Registeb, 
xxviii.  40o.  J.  w.  D. 

■  State  Paper?,  1629,  Jnne  15,  Sir  Will.  Conrtney  to  Secretary  Dorchester.  *'  Sir  Ferdi- 
nando Gorges  keeps  p^.-session  of  his  (;.  e.  WiUlani  Courtney'.-)  nephew,  Fetcr  Couitney's 
estate,  in  spite  of  ais  Mij. -sty's  ploasiae  that  Sir  Williiun  should  have  tlie  care  both  of  iiis 
periou  in  estate."    Sir  FlTdiu-uiJc;  was  the  step-father  of  Peter  Courtney. 


46  The  Gorr/es  Famibj.  [Jan. 

ney  deceased,  wliile  slie  lived  of  Ladocke,  Cornwall.     Commission  L-ranted 
to  her  husband,  Sir  Ferdinaudo  Gorges.     They  liad  no  issue. 

Sir  FtTilinando  Gori^es  married  fourtldv,  Kli/abeth  (Gorges)  Smyth, 
third  daughfer  of  Sir  Thomas  Gorges,  kt.,  by  Helena  Shackeliluir-h.  the 
widow  of  AVilliam,  jNFaniucss'of  Northamf)tou.  She  was  baptized  at  St.  Dun- 
stau's  in  the  >\V?t.  Loiidon,  June  4,  1578.  She  married'  first,  Sir  Ilu^h 
Smyth,  kt.,  of  Ash)  on  Court,  Somerset,  who  died  iu  1G27,  and  had  liy  him  : 
1.  Thumas  S/nj/f./i,  the  Royalist;  2.  J/ari/  Stw/i/i,  married  Sir  Tnomas 
Smith,  of  Cheshire  ;  3.  I/ekna  Smyth,  married  Sir  Francis  Rogers,  of  Can- 
nington,  Somerset. 

''  Sir  Ferdinaudo  Gorges,  of  Kintbury,  Devon,  kt..  and  Madame  Eliza- 
beth Smyth  de  Long  Ashton,  Sept.  2;J,  1C29."  (Marriages  at  AVraxull, 
Somerset.) 

They  lived  at  Lower  Court,  called  sometimes  "  Ashton  Phillipps,"  Long 
Ashton.  proljabiy  the  dower  liouse  of  his  wife.  She  died  about  lG.3,s! 
Her  will  is  dated  Sept.  13,  lGo7,  and  proved  June  13,  1C.39.  Thomas 
Smyth,  in  his  will  i\Lirch  27,  10:38,  bequeaths  -iOs.  for  a  ring  "  to  Sir  Fer- 
dmando^Gorges  my  tather-in-law,"  i.  e.  his  step-father. 

Sir  Ferdiinndo  Gorges  died  at  Long  Ashton.  and  was  buried  there. 
May  14,  1G47.  The  Registers  of  Long  Ashton  of  that  date  are  not  extant. 
His  will  was  in  the  Diocesan  Registry  of  Wells,  Somerset,  but  cannot  now 
be  found. 

JoiL\5  G  URGES,  eldest  son  of  Sir  Ferdinaudo  Gorges  by  Ann  Bell,  was 
bom  AprU  23,  1593. 

1620,  July  31.  John  Gorges,  eldest  son  of  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges,  kt., 
and  the  Lady  Frances  Fynes,  daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Lincoln.  (:,farriac;-e 
Registers  of  St.  James,  Clerken well.)  John  Gorges  married  secondl  v,  Mary 
daughter  of  Sir  John  Meade,  of  Weudon  Loftus,  Essex.  She  was  buried  at 
St.  Margaret's,  Westminster,  Sept.  15,  1G57.  He  was  burled  there.  April  G, 
16o7.  His  will  is  dated  March  5, 1G5G,  proved  June  1,  1C57.  He  speaks 
of  his  wife,  j\Lxry  Gorges  ;  his  son,  Ferdinciudo,  to  whom  he  bequeaths  his 
Patent  of  the  Province  of  Maine,  in  ^'ew-England,  and  all  other  Patents, 
maps  and  pictures.     His  children  were : — 

i.      Ferdixantjo,  of  Ashley,  Wilts. 

ii.    JA^-E,  bapt.  JuIyfJi,  f63-2. 

iii.   An-x,  born  :\Iay  2.  bapt.  Mp.y  12,  163.3;  burie.l  Dec.  19, 1655. 
Her  will,  dated  Dec.  8,  wa.'i   proved  Dee.  '21,  in.55. 

iv.  CiCELr,  bapt.  Feb.  14,  1G31.  Slie  married  ot  St.  Denis  Backchurea,  Lon- 
don, May  6,  165'2,  Mr.  Alirahani  [son  of  iiif  -John]  Chancmn,  of  West 
flampneti  Sussex.  They  had  asnnJohn.  Chapman,  who  is  mentioned 
as  his  grandson  in  John  Gorges 's  will. 

Robert^  Gokges,  second  son  of  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges.  Of  him,  little  is 
known  beyond  the  mention  of  his  name  in  the  patents  of  New-En  crjand. 
He  probably  died  m  1624,  or  soon  after  his  return  to  Enoland.  ^  ' 

Ferdixando^  Gorges,  son  of  John  Gorges,  was  born  at  Wendon  Lof- 
tus,  Essex,  August  19,  1G30.  He  is  described  in  the  Herald's  Visitation  as 
of  Hiliingdon,  near  Uxbridge,  Middlesex.  His  name  also  occurs  often  m 
connection  with  the  Province  of  iNIaine.  He  married  at  St.  Bride's,  Lon- 
don, May  22,  1660,  Mury,  daughter   of  Thomas  Archdale,^  of  Loaks  near 

'  Jolm  Arclidale,  son  of  Tliom.a«!  Archdalc,  came  to  yew-Ensland.  in  15G4  a«!  the  a^-ent 
of  his  brothcr-in-lnv\-,  Ferdinando  Goriro?,  ami  remained  hnrc  a'. out 'a  vear. '  Jo-<o{vn  m 
bis  \  oya-^ei  to  Ne^v-En-Luul "  (p.  272V  .^tite^  tl!.;t  he  arrived  with  the  Kir.-'i  Cammi.. 
6ioiier.<,  and  taat  he  ••  brou^'ht  to  the  colony  in  the  province  of  Main,  Mr.  F  Gonjes 


1875.]  .        The  Gorges  Fcuaibj.  47 

Chippiiig  "Wycomb,  Bucks.  He  became  possessed  of  the  manor  of  Asbley, 
AVilts,  whi.'h  had  formerly  belon^^ed  to  Sir  Thomas  Coru^es.  Ilejvas 
buried  tlicre  in  the  tomb  of  Sir  Theobald  Gorges.  lie  died  Jan.  25,  1718, 
iif'ed  89.  "  He  was  charitable  and  patient,  courteous  and  beneficent,  zeal- 
ous a?id  constant  to  the  church,  and  a  great  admirer  of  learning."  His 
cliildren  were : — 

i.  Ferdixaxpo,  born  1003.  He  married  Catherine  Foylc,  of  Soniorford, 
Wilts,  niece  of  Fleminij,  of  Stoneham,  IhuitH.  He  was  buri.-d  at 
Ashley,  Feb.  QO,  1738.'  'lie  had  two  sons  wliO  died  youns,  RickartP 
and  Ftrdinando.'^ 

ii.     Mary,  born  IGGl,  hurled  August  20,  lOSO. 

iii.  Tuo>us,  of  whom  I  know  notliing  furtlicr.  It  is  recorded  on  the  tomb 
of  his  father  that  only  two  of  ttie  children  survived  hi;n. 

iv.    Ei.iZABEin,  bai)t.  May  8,  buried  Sept.  2"^,  1069. 

V.     CiciLiA,  bapt.  June  2-2,  1670. 

vi.    Axx,  bapt.  Jan.  0,  1G71-2. 

ordor  from  liis  Majesty  Charles  the  Second,  under  his  maruial.  and  liis  Mnjestic's  Letters 
to  the  Massachusets  concerning  the  same,  to  be  restored  unto  the  quiet  pos^c  sion  and  on- 
jovnicnt  of  the  said  province  "in  Xeio-Eiigland  and  the  Govumnicnt  thoreo;',  tlie  v.liich 
duriii;,' t!ie  fivil  Wars  in  Enijland  the  Massachii>ets  colony  had  usnrpt."  But  if  Arth- 
dalc  arrived  in  July,  1GG4,  in  couiinmy  with  the  King's  Conimi.-sioners,  he  could  not  have 
brought  the  two  documents  named  bv  Jofselyn,  for  tliey  are  botli  dated  June  il,  hJi'A, 
whereas  the  commissioners  sailed  from  En-iand  several  weeks  previous  to  tliat  date.  ^  The 
iuval  httoi-  to  tlic  ialiiiiiitants  oi  Maine  is  printed  in  the  Hutchinson  Papers  .38.3-8,  Fnrcc 
Society's  edition  ii.  11012;  and  that  to  the  governor  and  council  of  Massachusetts  in  the 
KecorJs  of  Massachusetts,  vol.  iv.  pt.  ii.  pp.''243-5.  Arehdale  brought  commissions  to 
tvclvc  pcr-ons  as  counsellors  or  magistrates.  "On  his  arrival,"  says  Williamson,  ^"  he 
visited  every  tuwn  in  the  Province,  and  granted  commissirms  to  Her.rv  Jossclyn,  of  E'ack- 
roint,  PLobert  Jordan,  of  Spurwick,  Edward  Kishworth.  of  Agair.entieus,  and  Francis 
S'cale,  of  Ca.^co,  who  took  upon  themselves  to  rule."  Josselyn,  Arehdale,  Jord;m  and 
llishworth,  addressed  a  letter  to  the  government  of  Ma=sachusclts.  lequiring  a  surrender 
of  the  jurisdiction  to  the  commissioners  of  Gorges;  but  Massachusetts  refused  to  ccmiply. 
The  king's  commissioners  did  not  sustain  Gorges.  On  the  23d  uf  June.  1365,  they  issued  .in  or- 
der instituting  a  new  governi.ient  for  Maine,  and  forbidding  the  inh.nbitants  to  yield  obedience 
cither  to  the  commissioners  of  Gor^res  or  to  the  corporation  of  ^Inssaehusetts-Bay.  This 
order  is  printed  by  Williamson  (i.  416-17).  Arehdale  probably  left  soon  after;  as  he  says, 
in  a  ilocumont  dated  Feb.  4.  16S7-8,  that  he  "  was  resident  there  for  the  space  of  a  twelve 
month  or  thcrea!)outs."    (Register,  xiii.  304.) 

He  was  aftenvard  one  of  the  proprietaries  of  Carolina,  and  was  governor  of  the  colony 
from  lRi)o  to  1696.  He  had  previously  visited  Carolina,  for  a  letter  \'>Titten  in  1683  from 
that  colony  by  him  to  George  Fox  is  printed  in  Plawks's  History  of  North  Carolina;  luit 
he  was  not'a  resident  therein  1694  when  he  was  appointed  governor.  After  his  return  to 
England,  he  was  elected,  in  1693,  a  memlier  of  Parliament  fo-  Chipping  Wycombe;  but 
his  conscience  not  allowing:  him  to  take  the  oath,  he  was  not  ■  Imitted  to  a  seat.  He  pul>- 
lished,  in  1707,  "  A  Description  of  the  Province  of  Carolina."    See  IvkgistePm  xiii.  30;5-4  ; 


>  Ashley,  Wilt.".— The  last  of  the  Gorges  Family  was  Ferdinando  Gorges,  E*q.,  who  died 
IT."?':!  [.Mc],  nt  the  age  of  76.  He  was  succeeded  bv  his  cousin,  John  Cercstord.  Esq. 
A!-h!ey  v;uj  cventuallv  sold,  nnder  tlie  decrees  of  the  coiirt  of  chancerv,  to  S:r  One;ipii.?ru3 
l';iul.  Mrs.  Bercsford  died  \7i-2.— Beauties  of  Wilts,  Britton.  I  am  uot  dear  ai  to  the 
date  of  the  death  of  the  lait  Ferdinando  Gorges. 


HAN-yAH  TowNSEXD.— In  IGOl  Lieut.  Richard  Way  had  m.  Hannah  Knight,  for- 
merly Hannah  Allen,  cseciitrix  of  Hope  Allen,  and  her  ch.  Elizabetli,  Deborah  & 
Uope  Allen,  were  interested  in  some  real  estate  near  land  of  Edward  Allen  &  "W  il- 
iiam  GriiiS.s.  She  was  a  dau.  of  William  &  Hannah  (Penn)  Townsend  and  m.  '.st 
(Apr.  3, '^1657)  Thomas  Hull,  of  Loston,  who  d.  in  1670.  Her  sister,  Deborah 
Townsend,  m.  is'athaniel  Thuyer.  H.  F.  Waters. 


48  2s[antuclcet  in  the  Revolution.  [Jon. 


Ni\:N^TUCKET  IN  THE  KEVOLUTION. 

By  Alexandeu  Stakruck,  Esq.,  of  Waltham. 
(Continued  from  xxviii.  page  442.) 

IN  tlie  year  1770,  a  large  party  of  refugees,  with  seven  vessels  and 
transports  with  soldiers  from  Newport,  commanded  by  the  rene- 
gade George  Leonard,  having  an  avowed  purpose  to  destroy  Nantucket, 
because  they  said  the  Islanders  had  performed  some  act  of  hostility 
toward  them,  hmded  a  force  of  about  100  armed  men  on  the  island, 
and  began  to  plunder  the  storehouses,  taking  principally  from  one 
Thomas  Jenkins,  formerly  of  Nantucket,  but  during  the  war  residing 
in  Lynn.  Timothy  Folger  at  length  succeeded  in  passing  the  guard, 
and  advised  Leonard  to  go  off,  for  the  people  would  not  submit  to 
6uch  treatment  much  lonijcr.  Actinir  on  the  hint,  he  left.^  The 
people  believing  that  Leonard  had  no  authority  for  his  course,  as- 
sembled in  town  meeting  on  the  9th  of  April,  appointed  Srephen 
Paddock,  Benjamin  Folger,  Benjamin  Ilussey,  Nathaniel  Coitin  and 
Stephen  Hu.^sey,  a  "  Committee  to  draw  up  a  ^lemorial  or  llejnon- 
etrance  in  order  to  be  prefer'd  to  the  General  Assembly  of  this  State 
to  see  what  ]Means  may  be  Used  to  prevent  Any  future  Depredation 
being  made  on  the  luliabitants  of  this  Town ;"  and  Timotliy  Folger 

'  The  evidence  of  John  McCartcr  before  Xath'l  Freeman,  Esq.  (Letters,  vol.  201,  p.  42), 
was  that  the  refugees  were  ?ro:ng  to  destroy  Nantucket.  When  asked  why,  they  replied  to 
hirc, — he  having  said  he  thought  the  Islandf^rs  were  neutral?-, — they  had  bc'On  nentra!, 
*' but  had  taken  one  or  two  of  their  vessel?  lately,"  which  was  probal.)[y  ti'ue.  Mr.  Ilotch 
speaks  of  some  turbulent  Sivrits  who  were  inciiued  to  oppose  non-resistance.  Of  this  num- 
ber was  Capt.  Benjamin  Bunker,  commonly  called  in  Nantucket  G<ineral  Bunker,  because 
of  a  remarkably  strong  personal  resemblance  to  Gen.  Washington.  Capt.  Bunker,  qniie 
early  in  the  war,  enlisted  as  an  armorer  in  a  South  Carolina  privateer,  was  captured  by 
the  "British  and  made  to.  realize  the  hospitalities  of  the  Jersey  Prison  Ship.  After  his  release 
he  returned  ro  NnntucKet.  Soon  after  an  English  private  n-  lay  otf  the  Bar  to  intercept  in- 
ward and  outward  bound  vessels.  Discovering  a  schooner  ruiining  in,  site  sent  two  !. oats' 
crews  to  chase  Ler.  Tlie  men  on  board  the  schooner  succeeded  in  beaching  her  and  cutting 
away  her  maimnast  before  the  English  boats  oipturcd  her,  and  Capt.  Bunker  hastily  inan- 
niag  two  whale  boats  retook  her,  and  made  prisoners  of  tiie  late  cantors.  Proceeding  then 
to  the  what f,  where  a  "  pink  stem"  schooner  was  moored,  they  asked  the  Quaker  owner 
(Narhani^l  Paddock)  for  the  keys  to  her,  that  they  misht  take  hcrand  capture  the  privateer. 
Of  course  he  dedineii,  but  in  a  very  guarded  "as^iile,"  told  one  of  the  men  "  the  keys  were 
in  the  mainsail,"  and  walked  up  the  wliarf  away  from  the  sconc.  It  did  not  take  long  to 
run  out  to  the  Bar.  All  but  two  men  who  were  to  navigate  the  vessel  were  stowed  away 
below,  and  the  helmsman  bore  down  upon  the  comparatively  defenceless  privateer.  Un- 
heeding the  caU  of  the  captain  to  sheer  olF,  theschoontr  was  put  along  side,  the  Nantuiketera 
swarmed  out  of  her  and  on  board  the  Briton,  and  ere  he  could  realize  what  was  going  on 
he  was  a  prisoner.  Capt.  Bunker  was  also  instrumental  in  capturing  another  English  pri- 
vateer, which  lay  up  near  Great  Point  in  the  "  Cord  of  the  Bay,"  with  a  prize.  Kunning 
down  with  a  ves-el  with  a  single  4  lb.  gun,  before  the  astonished  Englishman  could  com- 
prehend the  Situation  the  gun  was  tired,  killing  one  man  and  smashing  a  boat,  the  privateer 
wxs  grappled,  boarded  and  taken.  Capt.  Bunker,  in  conveying  his  pnsoners  to  the  Conti- 
nent, had  proceeded  as  far  as  i\arragansett  Bay  when  the  wiml  came  around  to  the  west, 
and  he  wa.5  obliged  to  go  to  Bedford.  It  was  necessary  to  cross  the  river  in  a  ferry-boat, 
and  the  English  captain  knowing  this,  had  laid  his  plans  to  overp')wer  the  guard,  seize  the 
boat,  and  sail  for  New- York;  but  Capt.  B.  di%ining  some  such  plan,  ordered  the  captain  to 
sit  forrvard,  and  the  mate  to  sit  aft,  and  with  their  tirearms  ready  for  instant  use,  the  guard 
kept  the  prisoners  in  or^ler.  The  EuLlislunan  afterward  told  Capt.  B.  of  their  plans.  This 
information  was  communicated  to  the  writer  by  a  son  of  Capt.  Bunker,  now  living  at  Nau- 
tacket,  nearly  90  years  of  age,  but  with  a  memory  as  fresh  and  keen  as  thoush  bat  45. 


1875.]  JSfantuchet  in  the  JRevoliUvm.  49 

and  Stephen  Ilussey,  Esqrs.,  were  appointed  to  carry  and  present  ic 
to  the  o^cneral  court.     The  following  is  a  copy  of  the  memorial.' 

"  To  the  Lej^islative  Anthority  of  the  State  of  Massachusetts  Bay. 
"  The  Memorial  of  the  Inhahitants  of  Nantucket  Slieweth  : 
"WnKKiiAS  the  peculiar  Situation  of  tliis  Isl:mcl  Renderin.n;  the  Inha- 
bitants thereof  Continually  Exposed  to  Invas^ions,  Kiivaijes,  and  Depredations 
of  Armed  ]\Ien,  and  liaveing  no  power  of  our  Own  to  nialic  the  least  resistance 
for  our  Defence,  hein.^  principled  against  all  Violent  measures,  and  being  left 
without  tlie  hope  of  Succour,  or  Kelief  from  the  Continent  were  we  dispos'd 
for  Defence :  Therefore  in  tliis  our  distress'd  Situation  we  would  call  on  the 
Legishitive  Body  of  this  State  fur  Council  &  Advice,  and  beg  Leave  to  lay 
before  you  our  Sufferings  in  a  late  Excursion,  made  here  by  a  sett  of  Armed 
Men  from  .Newport,  calling  themselves  Loyal  Refugees,  wl)0  say  they  were 
Conmiissioned,  and  Authorized  by  the  Commander  in  Chief  of  King  George's 
forces,  to  make  Reprisals  against  the  Inhabitants  of  the  Several  provinces 
in  America.  These  assocuated  Refugees  being  Formidably  Armed  with 
weapons  of  "War,  did  on  the  5th  Instant  Land  on  this  Island,  and  Incmedi- 
ately  proceed  to  plunder  Several  Stores  and  Vessells  laying  at  the  Wharfes 
of  Every  Valuable  Comodity,  the  particulars  of  which  will  be  handed  you 
by  tlio  CoiaLuliLco  by  which  you  will  see  our  Loss  is  Great,  and  falls  Heavy 
on  the  poor  peaceable  Inhabitants,  And  as  the  Sufferers  stand  in  need  of 
3iedre.:s  &  Coiupensation.  and  haveing  some  hope  of  it  by  Applying  to  the 
British  Commanders  at  New  York,  or  Elsewhere,  We  beg  your  Countenance 
and  Authority  to  Impower  Timothy  Folger,  and  Benjamin  Ilus.-ey  to  Re- 
pair to  New  York,  &  Rhode  Island,  to  solicit  for  the  payment  of  the  Goods 
taken  from  the  peaceable  Inhabitants  of  this  Town  and  endeavour  to  put  a 
stop  to  future  depredations  of  this  kind  from  the  Ships  and  IMen  under  their 
Authority.  We  need  not  Remind  you  of  the  Poverty  and  Calamity  of  this 
Town,  Even  before  this  Invasion,  but  now  it  must  be  Considered  as  being 
but  one  Step  from  total  Desolation. 

Nathaniel  Coffix,       Benjamin  Folger, 
Stephen  Paddock,      Benjamin  HrssEY."^ 
Stephen  Hussey, 

The  coui-t  granted  the  desired  permission,  but  the  danger  of  in- 
vasion was  not  averted,  for  there  soon  came  tidings  that  Leonard  was 

'  Petitions,  vol.  18-3,  p.  109. 

*  The  fAlIo^ng  is  a  mca?ace  from  Jos.  Powell,  Pres.  of  the  Council,  to  the  House  of 
RcprcitnuttivLS  (Jvcv.  Miso.,"vol.  158,  p.  139). 

"  State  of  Massachusetts  Bay, 
"  Gcr.tlcTnen  of  the  House  of  Representatives :  Council  Chaml.er,  April  23J,  1779. 

"  It  is  with  ^Tief  ii  concern  we  hear  of  the  Devastation  maldng  at  Nantucket  tiy  aXumber 
of  di^arecte'l  pi^rtons,  nn>ler  the  Sanction  of  the  British  Comniandcrs  in  America.  We 
lire  thent'>re  C.in>trainod  to  recommend  to  your  Serious  Consideration  the'  Expadieucy  of 
takiufT  -omc  immediate  &  etfcctual  measures  for  the  Capturing:  of  the  small  piratical  Ves- 
sels, tliat  are  sprciidini:  Desolation  there ;  and  are  determined  to  do  the  lilvc  in  otiier  part3 

of  this  ^tale We  shall  readily  Concur  xvith  you  in  any  etfectual  measures  you  shall  think 

proper  to  adopt  for  that  Salutary  pui'pose 

In  the  Name  &  behalf  of  the  Council 

Jo»  Powell,  Presd'." 
In  one  of  these  forays  tradition  says :  the  refugees  came  across  Jo=eph  Siarhucii,  then  a 
mure  hoy  of  9  years  of  a^re.  The  first  intimation  he  iiad  of  their  approach  was  a  shot  which 
barely  misled  hs  aim.  He  fled  in  terror,  pursued  by  tiie  rnrhans,  even  into  the  arms  of  a 
protcct.iiii;  iVicTid,  the  rcfucrccs  clamorin,?  for  the  Mood  of  tlie  man  thev  had  cha;  ed,  and 
iasistmu'  that  he  was  not  tlie  one.  Tlds  incident  shows  sufficiently  the  animus  of  these- 
desperadoes,  and  the  danger  in  which  the  islanders  were  placed. 
VOL.  XXIX.  5 


50  JVantucJcet  in  the  Hevohitlon.  [Jan. 

planning  another  similar  expedition,  and  tlie  town  was  convcred  to 
sec  -what  should  be  d()nc.  It  was  necessary  to  act  promptly,  and  the 
re&ult  was  that  Dr.  Bonjaniin  Tupper,  Samuel  Starbuck  and  \^'i]Jiam 
Koteh  were  sent  to  iS'ewport  with  instructions  to  proceed  to  Xesv- 
York  if  nccessar)-,  to  prevent  the  consummation  of  Leonard's  design, 
and  in  the  eftbrt  they  were  partially  successful.  The  sloop  Speed- 
well, in  which  they  took  passage,  was,  however,  intercepted  by  a  spy- 
boat  in  the  service  of  Gen.  Gates,  and  her  purpose  ascertained,  and 
a  copy  of  tlie  oounnission  taken  and  forwarded  to  him.  He  iamic- 
diately  despatched  the  copy,  ^\  ith  some  severe  strictures,  to  the  Hon. 
Jeremiali  Powell  of  the  Council  of  Massachusetts.  The  subject  was 
of  course  brought  up,  and  a  requisition  served  on  the  selectmen  of 
Nantucket  to  appear,  and  defend  themselves  from  the  charge  of  cor- 
responding with  the  enemy.  In  accordance  with  this  rerpiisition, 
Frederick  Folger,  Josiah  Barker,  Micajah  Coffin,  Benjam.in  Ilussey 
and  Christopher  Starbuck  were  appointed  to  draw  up  a  reply,  and 
Stephen  Hussey,  Esq.,  to  present  it  to  the  general  court.  The  re- 
ply set  forth  the  peculiar  circumstances  under  which  the  commission 
was  issued,^  the  necessity  for  immediate  action,  and  the  fact  that 
notliing  more  vras  sought  but  immunity  from  further  depredations. 
On  these  grounds  the  court  in  a  carefully  guarded  resolve  wamingly 
excused  the  action.  It  must  be  remembered  in  this  connection  that 
communication  with  Boston  in  peaceful  times  in  these  days  was  not 
a  question  of  hours  but  days  ;  and  when  we  consider  that  some  time 
after  the  commencement  of  Leonard's  preparations  must  have  elapsed 
before  nev/s  of  it  reached  the  island,  that  many  days  of  valuable  time 
must  be  lost  in  connnunicating  with  the  general  court  and  recel\-ing 
a  reply,  and  that  in  the  meantime  the  object  of  the  expedition  may 
have  been  accomplished,  it  would  certainly  be  unreasonable  to  blame 
the  islanders  for  acting  as  they  did. 

In  the  meantime  the  Jenkins  whose  property  was  stolen,  impeached 
five  of  the  prominent  Inhabitants  of  the  Island  (Dr.  Benjamin  Tupper, 
Timothy  Folger,  Esq.,  "William  Eotch,  Samuel  Starbuck  and  Kezla 
Coffin)  of  high  treason,  for  aiding  and  abetting  the  enemy,  and  they 

*  The  fo'lomng  is  a  copy  of  tlio  said  commission  (Letters,  vol.  200,  p.  402). 
•'Benja  Tupper  Esa/  Samuel  Starbnclc  &  W™  Roach  you  being  appointed  a  Comittee  l^y 
the  Inliabitants  oftheToivii  of  Shcvboum  in  a  Town  meeting,  legally  assembled  the  12th 
Day  of  the  fourth  Month  1779  to  repair  to  New  York  or  Newport  to  prefer  a  Moniorial  from 
this  Town  to  the  Comander  in  Chief  of  the  British  Navy  and  Army — you  are  therefore 
directed  to  take  the  Sloop  Speeilwell  witb  Francis  Chace,  Jlobeit  Gardner  &  Jn'J  Cartwri^ht 
to  navigate  said  Vessel  and  make  all  possible  Dispatch  on  the  Business  of  your  Jlission,  and 
all  Persons  concerned  are  directed  to  forward  and  assist  said  Comittee  when  in  their  Power 
by  Order  of  sii  Town 

[Signed]  Silv  Starbccx,       Ben/   JE^^KI^•s, 

Wm  Starr c"ck,  Abn-er  GARD^fEE, 

Peter  Foloer,         Jno  Gaedner. 
BEXja  Hussey, 

Order  by  the  Selectmen  of  s^  Town  at  Nantucket  April  12—1779." 

Dr.  Tapper  prior  to  the  Revolution  was  HiLrh-Shrriff.  Samuel  Starbuck  was  some  years 
nfrer  Ualtod  Stafcs  Coti-u!  in  New  South  Wales.  Mr.  Rotch  was  a  eonnnercial  man  to  the 
end  of  his  life,  of  sounl  ju'lgn-icnt  an.l  strict  integrity,  adhering  to  the  principles  of  his  iiuth 
alike  tlxrough  storin  and  sunshine,  disaster  aJid  success. 


1875.]  N^antuclcet  in  the  ^Revolution.  51 

were  })roTight  before  the  court  to  answer  to  the  charge.  It  appeared 
in  evidence  that  they  had  not  oidy  endeavored  to  save  Jonkin-^'r? 
property  among  the  rest,  but  Mr.  Kotch  had  vohmtecred  to  pay  his 
proportion  to  reimbiu^e  Jenkincs  for  Jiic;  loss,  and  uctiudly  did  pay 
more  than  <loubh"i  his  proportion.  Tlie  committee  and  Jenkins  him- 
self were  convinced  that  iho,  charges  were  unfounded,  and  the 
committee  reported  that  he  have  leave  to  witlidraw  his  comphiint. 
This  report  the  Councd  rejected,  and  the  House  unanimously  ac- 
cepted, and  thus  the  matter  stood  at  tlie  close  of  the  war. 

Later  in  1779  iutbrmation  was  received  tliat  a  fleet  was  preparing 
to  leave  Xew-York  for  the  purpose  of  sacking  the  town,  and  even  of 
burning  it  should  they  be  resisted.  The  tlcet  soon  arrived  at  the 
Vineyard,  and  waited  but  for  a  favorable  wind  to  sail  dovrn  and 
attack  the  to'wn.  The  portable  property  was  rapidly  carried  out  of 
town  by  its  owners,  pending  the  arrival  of  the  Jjritish,  and  placed  in 
ECattering  houses  or  buric«d  to  save  it  from  destruction  sliould  the 
place  be  fired.  From  an  order  from  Leonard  it  appeared  that  the 
islanders  were  accused  of  active  hostility  to  the  English.  A  reply 
was  drawn  up  denying  in  general  and  specifically  the  charges  brought 
against  them,  and  replying  in  a  spicily  refreshing  manner  to  the 
bragging  manifesto  of  Winslow  and  Leonard.  The  easterly  winds 
continued,  however,  and  in  the  meantime  orders  arrived  from  Xew 
York  to  abandon  the  attempt. 

The  -winter  of  1779  was  now  approaching.  A  few  whalers  had 
been  licensed  by  both  parties  to  pursue  their  calling,  but  when  a 
cruiser  of  either  side  found  the  permit  of  the  other  on  board,  the  ves- 
sel was  remorselessly  taken  as  a  prize,  and  between  the  two  fires, 
between  the  upper  and  nether  millstones  of  war,  the  prospect  was 
gloomy  enough.  Accordingly  the  inhabitants  in  October  addressed 
to  the  court  the  following  petition  for  relief:^ 

*  To  the  Gen^  Court  at  Boston. 

"  The  Memorial  of  tlie  Inhabitants  of  the  Town  of  Sherburne  on  the 
Inland  of  Xautucket  in  Town  Meeting  assembled,  sheweth 

"  That  the  Inhabitants  of  Nantucket  have  had  almost  an  uninterrupted 
sorii's  of  difficulties  to  encounter,  since  the  commencement  of  the  present 
Vt  ar,  and  have  shared  undeserved  severities  in  the  unhappy  Contest,  and 
this  we  a[iprehend  has  been  for  want  of  due  attention  and  ciindid  considera- 
tion of  the  peculiar  situation  in  which  this  Island  is  plac'd,  but  from  a  desire 
to  live  in  peace  with  all  men,  we  have  avoided  making  complaints  untiil  our 
oppressions  are  become  greater  than  we  can  bear.  This  unhappy  period 
has  now  arrived  at  the  threshhold,  and  unless  some  interpositiou  in  our 
favor,  must  make  that  awfull  Havock,  which  perhaps  no  part  of  America 
have  yet  experienced  &  we  apprehend  it  is  in  the  power  of  the  General 
Court  to  avert  it,  and  that  without  the  expense  of  Blood  &  Treasure,  neither 
of  which  we  desire.  We  therefore  crave  to  lay  before  yoii  our  present 
alarming  circumstances :  the  Inhabitants  of  this  Island  are  computed  at  near 

^  Revolatioa  Miscellaneous,  vol.  137,  p.  272. 


52  Nantucket  in  the  Revolution.  [Jan. 

Five  Tlioas.ind  Persons,  in  about  Seven  Iliuidreil  Families,  at  least  one  half 
this  number  if  not  Two  tliirds  are  totally  destitute  of  Firewood,  of  which 
doubtless  you  arc  acquainted,  this  Island  prodnceth  very  little:  we  conse- 
quently are  dependant  ou  the  Continent  for  this  article,  vrhich  has  for  a  long 
time  been  brought  to  us  very  sparingly  from  the  risque  occasioned  by  the 
frequent  passing  of  British  Cruisers,  but  a  total  stop  for  some  time  hath 
taken  place,  a  still  greater  number  that  now  surrounds  us,  many  other 
necessaries  of  Life  we  are  in  great  want  of,  particularly  IM'eal  which  added 
to  that  of  Firewood,  with  the  consideration  of  the  nigh  approach  of  Winter, 
and  tlie  uncertainty  of  the  way  being  opcneil,  for  pi-ovidlng  these  articles, 
exhibits  a  very  gloomy  prospect.  Tiiis  Island  hath  been  of  great  ad\antage 
to  the  Government  to  which  it  hath  been  aimexed,  and  may  still  in  a  future 
day  be  very  useful,  unless  the  Inhabitants  are  obliged  to  abandon  it  through 
necessity,  which  will  not  only  be  distressing  to  them,  but  an  injury  to  you. 
"VVe  therefore  earnestly  desire  you  would  take  our  distressed  situation  into 
consideration,  and  give  us  such  advice  or  point  out  such  measures  as  your 
Wisdom  and  Humanity  may  dictate  (consistent  with  that  peaceable  disposi- 
tion which  we  wish  to  maintain  with  all  men)  to  alle^^ate  us  from  the 
calamities  that  loudly  threaten  us.  For  further  particiJars  we  beg  leave  to 
refer  you  to  the  bearer  Timothy  Folger,  Esq.  who  is  appointed  by  the  Town 
to  wait  on  you  for  this  purpose. 

Signed  in  behalf  of  the  Town, 

Fred''  Folger,  Town  Clerk." 

This  petition  was  ordered  to  lie  upon  the  table  until  the  following 
(spring)  session,  and  by  that  time  how  was  it  with  the  Islanders? 
Macy  sr.ys  :  *  "  Greater  suffering  was  experienced  by  the  inhabitants 
of  Nantucket,  in  the  year  1780,  than  at  any  other  period  during  the 
war."  Cold  weather  coming  ou  eai'lier  than  usual,  the  supply  of 
wood  and  provisions,  scarce  enough  at  the  best,  from  the  continent, 
was  wholly  cut  off,  and  tlie  autumn  being  uncommonly  wet  but  little 
peat  was  secured.  About  the  twentieth  of  December,  1779,  the 
harbor  became  closed  with  ice,  and  the  cold  ^vas  so  extreme  that  for 
several  weeks  clear  water  was  invisible  from  any  part  of  the  island. 
The  ice  in  the  harbor  became  strong  enough  to  bear  loaded  carts,  and 
by  this  means  the  Laboring  poor  were  enabled  to  draw  a  scanty  supply 
of  w^ood  from  Coskata,  a  distance  of  nine  or  ten  miles  over  the  ice, 
and  more  than  double  that  by  the  circuitous  and  bad  land  route.  In 
many  places  the  strong  current  left  thin  spots  in  the  ice,  and  several 
times  these  toilers  of  the  sea  broke  through,  but  fortunately  no  lives 
were  lost.  The  wood,  wliich  had  been  reserved  by  the  proprietors 
of  the  land  as  a  shelter  for  their  sheep  and  horses  in  the  winter,  was 
principally  oak  and  juniper  and  was  small  and  crooked,  but  the  al- 
ternative was  the  chance  of  perishing  of  cold.  I\Iore  distress  was 
felt  from  lack  of  provisions,  jmrticularly  among  the  poorer  classes. 
Those  whom  the  v^^ar  had  made  widows  and  orphans  experienced  on 
this  account  the  greatest  sufferings,  and  "although  none  are  known 
to  have  frozen  or  starved,  without  doubt  some  were  hurried  to  their 

>  Page  107. 


1875.]  JSfantuchet  in  the  Revolution.  53 

graves  through  want  of  tlie  neccssarios  and  comforts  of  life."  To  the 
utmost  of  their  power  those  having  food  relieved  the  wants  of  the 
destitute.  Distress  and  famine  being  sure  if  inaction  was  continued 
in,  and  it  being  pretty  ^rcll  assured  tliat  some  of  the  Iciiding  men  of 
tlie  nation  looked  witli  an  eye  of  pity  upon  tiie  sad  efFects  of  the  war 
upon  Xantucket,  it  was  determined  to  send  Timothy  Folger,  Esq., 
to  New-York  to  try  to  obtain  from  the  British  commanders  immunity 
from  capture  of  a  few  vessels  while  pursuing  tlic  whale  fiahcry,  and 
safety  for  their  property  on  the  land.'  Their  petition,  although  not 
wholly  successful,  proved  advantageous  to  the  people. 

One  would  suppose  that  by  this  time  the  town  had  given  evidence 
enough,  through  its  magistrates  and  committees  and  the  trials  of  its 
citizens,  that  the  conduct  of  the  inhabitants  could  not  be  rightfully 
complained  of,  while  their  aggravations  and  sufferings  were  great ; 
but  they  were  again  compelled  in  Xovember,  1780,  to  forward  to  the 
court,  by  Timothy  Folger,  Esq.,  another  petition"  setting  forth  the 
misfortunes  which  had  befallen  the  island  in  the  loss  of  its  whaling- 
fleet,  and  the  desolation  created  by  the  tories  ;  repelling  with  its 
merited  iudignatiou  the  imputation  of  clandestine  trade  vrith  the 
enemy ;  declaring  upon  his  honor  that  aU  stories  to  that  eflect  were 
maliciously  false ;  claiming  the  right  of  self-protection  as  inherent ; 
assuring  the  court  of  the  desire  of  the  people  ever  to  obey  its  laws  ;  ^ 
and  praying  that  the  particular  laws  governing  Xantucket  might  be 
framed  with  re<rard  to  the  exigencies  of  the  case.  I  cannot  find  that 
any  action  was  taken  on  tliis  petition,  but  this  same  year  the 
court  voted  it  inexpedient  to  have  a  senator  from  X^antucket  and 
Dukes  counties.  And  in  1781,  in  response  to  a  protest  from 
X^antucket,  the  treasurer  of  the  state  was  ordered  to  suspend  execu- 
tions against  the  deficient  constables  and  collectors  of  taxes  until 
further  orders.* 

[To  be  continued.] 

'  This  action  •n-as  done  by  consent  of  the  Led>laturc,  the  town  and  Mr.  Folder  in  person 
■warmly  urging  the  necessity  of  such  consent.  "The  amount  of  damage  done  at  this  time  by 
the  refugees  was  estimated  at  nearly  £4,000  sterling. 

-  Petitions,  vol.  186,  p.  370. 
In  Dec,  1773,  Mr.  Folger  wrote  to  a  member  of  the  council  informing  him  of  the  wreck 
of  the  fiag-of-truce  Hammond,  returnini  from  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  to  Now- York,  on  the 
shoals  near  the  island,  and  the  landing  of  the  passengers  and  crew  on  Nantucket.  While 
they  wore  there  three  prizes  were  piloted  to  Boston,  and  there  were  aiTivals  from  and  de- 
panure.i  for  the  West  Indies.  Not  deeminir  it  advisable  for  the  English  to  be  spectators, 
lie  supplied  them  with  a  vessel  and  sent  them  to  New  York,  taking^care  that  she  carried 
nothing  oljoctionable,  nor  more  provisions  than  were  necessary  for  the  voyage.  Stiil  later, 
in  i,yi,  there  is  on  record  a  similar  instance  which  shows  the  desire  of  the  ishinders  to 
pertijrra  taithfally  their  duties  to  the  state.  The  Engli.>h  dag  of  truce,  schooner  Peggj-,  put 
into  Nantucket  in  distress,  and  applied  for  permission  to  make  neccssarv  repairs.  The 
selet-tmen  thereupon  apiiointed  a  committee  of  ship  carpenters  to  inspect  the"  vessel,  and  sec 
what  >vas  needed.  Thuse  repairs  which  were  actuLdlv  required  as  reported  were  allowed 
*^'^c  made,  and  provi-icns  and  water  suiiieient  only  to  last  them  tatheir  destination  put  on 

*■  The  town  in  an  earnest  remonstrance  strongly  urged  the  calamitous  effect  of  the  war 
upon  the  islanders,  reducing  them  to  such  an  extent  that  they  were  utterly  nnable  to 
properly  support  their  own  indigent  poor. 

VOL.   XilX.  5* 


54  3Iarriages  in  West  Springfield,  1774-90.  [Jan. 


MARRIAGES  IN  WEST  SPRINGFIELD,  1774-9G. 

Contribnted  by  Lymax  H.  Baoo. 

FOR  the  first  twenty-two  years  after  tlic  ineor|)oratlon  of  the 
town,  or  until  April,  179G,  the  record  of  births,  marriages 
and  deaths  was  kept  in  a  small  quarto  volume  wherein  were  also 
entered  lists  of  men  drawn  as  jurors,  reports  of  surveyors  and  ap- 
praisers, descriptions  of  the  distinctive  "marks  "  of  the  sheep  of  dif- 
ferent owners,  and  other  miscellaneous  matter. 

About  the  year  1798,  a  large  leather  book  was  procured,  into 
which  was  copied  from  the  old  l)ook  the  list  of  births  and  deaths ; 
and  the  record  of  the  same  down  to  the  year  1824  was  continued 
therein,  so  that  the  complete  list  for  forty-nine  years  occupied  157 
pages  altogether.  The  remaining  22o  pages  were  given  to  the  record 
of  marriages  and  marriage  intentions  from  April,  179(J,  to  December, 
1835,  while  the  marriages  of  the  twenty-two  earlier  years  (with  the 
exception  of  the  first  fifteen  entries)  were  never  copied  from  the  origi- 
nal volume. 

Since  the  passage  of  the  Act  of  March  16,  1844,  the  birth?,  mar- 
riafjes  and  deaths  have  been  recorded,  in  accordance  with  the  svstem 
then  established,  in  books  especially  arranged  for  that  pui-pose.  The 
births  and  deaths  for  the  twenty  years  ending  with  April,  1844,  occu- 
py 40  pages  in  a  volume  v>-hich  also  contains  four  pages  of  marriages, 
contracted  pre^-ious  to  1800,  reported  by  the  clerks  of  other  towns, 
in  obedience  to  the  Act  of  1857.  The  intentions  of  mamage  are 
6till  entered  in  a  book  that  has  been  in  use  for  that  purpose  since 
1836. 

As  the  original  record  book  of  1774  became  thoroughly  mildewed 
by  exposure  in  a  damp  safe,  about  a  dozen  years  ago,  and  the  loose 
leaves  which  composed  it  are  now  no  longer  in  a  condition  to  be 
referred  to  and  are  fast  crumbling  to  decay,  I  ha.ve  taken  the  pains 
to  make  a  literal  transcript  of  the  100  folios  that  contain  the  early 
marriages  and  send  the  same  for  preservation  in  the  pages  of  the 
Register.  l.  h.  b. 

West  Springfield,  JIass.,  Sep>t.  2,  1874. 

The  Intention  of  JIarriage  between  Thomas  Jaracs  Douglas  and  Tem- 
perance Palmer  both  of  "VV^est  Springfield  was  entered  April  23"^,  1774. 
Pubhshment  posted  up  the  IS'**  of  said  June. 

The  Intention  of  Marriage  between  Isaac  Cooly  and  Huldah  "Wortiiing- 
ton  both  of  "West  Soriugiield  was  entered  June  26^^  and  PablicaLion  thereof 
made  the  1st  of  JalV  177  i. 

The  Intention  of  Marriage  between  David  Fowler  &  Thaulcfall  Leonard 
both  of  West  Springfield  was  entered  June  31"'  ('sic  I)  and  published  July  1'' 
17 1 4. 


1875.]  Marriages  in  West  Springfield^  1774-96.  55 

The  lutcutiou  of  Marriage  between  Austin  Leonard  and  Nancy  Upham 
both  of  West  Springlield  w-xi  entered  July  0"'  and  {jublisshed  the  1<>"'  1774. 

The  Intention  of  ^larriaijc  between  Obadiah  Miller  of  AVest  Springfield 
&  Deborah  Lus-.j  of  Soiuers  was  entered  June  '1(\  and  published  the  -iih 
1774. 

The  Intention  of  ^Tarriage  between  Leonard  Upham  of  "West  Sj)nng- 
tield  &  Ehzabeth  Cooly  of  SulField  was  entered  June  4'*"  and  published  the 
same  Day. 

The  Intention  of  Marriage  between  Jabez  Snow  of  West  Springfield 
and  Bethiah  Chapiu  of  Springfield  was  eutered  June  16^  and  published  the 
18"^  1774. 

The  Intention  of  Marriage  between  Dan  Taylor  and  Sybil  Ely  both  of 
West  Springfield  was  entered  July  13'*^  and  published  the  IGth  1774. 

The  Intention  of  ^Marriage  between  David  Miller  2^  and  Margaret 
Mighels  both  of  West  Springfield,  was  entered  August  19""  and  published 
the^20'''  1774. 

The  IntenLion  of  Marriage  between  Giles  Day  and  Sarah  Day  both  of 
West  Spvingiield  was  entered  September  the  3*^  and  publicat'^  thereof  made 
that  Same  Day  1774. 

The  IntfMition  of  aVrnrringe  between  Justin  Morgan  cS:  INIartlia  Day  both 
of  West  Springfield  was  eutered  and  published  October  the  29""  1774. 

The  TnteLtion  of  I^Tarriage  between  Thomas  Ellsworth  of  West  .Spring- 
field and  Lvdia  ]Marsiiai  of  Westfield  was  entered  November  the  18'^  and 
published  the  19'M774. 

Noah  Lankton  and  Mehitabel  Sheperd  both  of  West  Springfield,  the 
Intention  of  Marriage  between  them  was  entered  and  published  Nov' 
19'"  1771. 

Zarrager  Bartlet  of  Marlborough  in  New-York  and  Sarah  Tavlor  of 
West  Springfield,  the  Intention  of  3Iarriage  between  them  was  entered 
and  published  December  the  10'*'  1774. 

Ozias  Flowers  &  Abigail  Millar  o"^  of  Wt  Springfield  their  Intentious 
of  Marriage  were  entered  March  14*'' 1775.  Publication  made  IS''-' of  s"^ 
Month. 

Joseph  White  &  Sarah  Leonard  of  West  Springfield  their  Intentions  of 
jNIarriage  were  enter*^  March  14th  1775.  Publication  made  18th  of  s* 
Month. 

Mr.  EHphalet  Leonard  of  West  Springfield  &  Miss  Mary  Pierpont  of 
Brooklyne  their  Inteiitions  of  Marriage  entered  May  6'''  publication  made  7 
of  s*^  Month. 

The  Intentious  of  Marriage  between  Elias  Leonard  &  Siisanna  Selden 
both  of  Wt  Springfield  were'entered  July  15,  1775.  Publishment  posted 
up  the  IG.  of  s'^  Month. 

The  Intentions  cf  ^Marriage  between  John  Chapin  &  Margaret  Ely  both 
of  Wt  Springfield  were  entered  Aug'  5,  1775.  Publishment^'posted  up  the 
same  Day. 

The  Intentions  of  M;>rriage  b^.'tween  Thomas  Shattuck  &  Asenath  Win- 
chell  both  cf  Wt  Springfield  were  entered  Aug' 12,  1775.  Publishment 
made  13th  Instant. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Aaron  B:".gg  &  Sarah  ]\Iillar  both 
of  Wt  Springfield  were  entered  Sept.  8.     Publishment  the  9th  1775. 

The  luten lions  of  Marriage  between  Isaac  Stiles  of  Wt  Springfield  and 
Mrs,  Dinah  Kent  of  Simsbu.-y  were  entered  September  IG,  17t5.  Pub- 
lishment posted  up  the  same  Day. 


56  Marriages  in  West  Springfield,  1774-96.  [Jan. 

The  InteDtions  of  Marriage  between  Mr.  Ebeuez.  Day  «fe  ]\[rs.  Marthti 
Day  of  Wt  Springfield  were  entered  Sept.  23,  1775.  Publishment  the 
same  Day. 

The  Intentions  of  IMarrlage  between  Chauncy  Taylor  &,  Mary  Felt  both 
of  Wt  S^jriiigllcld  were  eiuered  jSov.  lo.  Cry'd  oft"  oa  tlie  fojIowiDC  pub- 
lick  Dayo. 

Vrilliani  ^Yebe^  of  Lrimtleld  &  Catharine  Mighell  of  West  Springfield 
were  joined  together  in  Marriage  Jan.  2j,  1775. 

Jonathan  Cooley  &  Marrha  Ashley  of  West  Springfield  were  joined 
together  in  Marriage  Jan,  20'''  1775. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Israel  Bagg  and  Savuli  Gr<=:en 
both  of  Wt  Springtiuld  were  entered  Nov.  30.  Pufjlishmenc  posted  De- 
cemb'"  2,  1 775. 

Ozia5  Flowers  &■  Abigail  Miller  both  of  Wt  Spnngfleld  vrere  joined 
togetlier  in  jMarriagc  March  G,  1775. 

Aaron  Bagg  &  Sarah  ^liller  both  of  Wt  Springfield  were  joined  together 
in  Marriage  Sent.  27,  1775. 

Channcy  Taylor  and  Mary  Felt  both  of  Wt  Springfield  were  joined 
together  in  Marriage  Nov""  23,  1775. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  John  Killum  &  Hannah  Looraiss 
both  of  Wt  Springfield  were  entered  Jannary  17*^  1776.  Pubiiohinent 
posted  up  the  l-S^^. 

The  Intention:^  of  ]\[arriage  between  Euos  Morgan  &  Sirs.  Lois  Stock- 
■well  both  of  Wt  Springfield  were  entered  April  25,  177G.      l^ublish'*  the 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Joseph  Phreesell  Young  &  Eleanor 
Dumbolton,  both  of  Wt  Springfield  were  entered  the  16  day  of  April 
A  Dom  1770.     Published  the  26. 

The  Intentions  of  IMarriage  between  Jon*  Hale  Jim"'  of  Enfield  and  Mary 
Kent  of  Wt  Springfield  were  entered  May  25,  1--776. "   Publi.-hed  June  1'-. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Eberr  Hale  of  Enfield  and  — eodah 
Kent  of  Wt  Springfield  were  entered  j\[ay  25,  1776.     Publish'^  June  1. 

The  Indentions  of  jMarriage  between  Mr.  Eoswell  Day  &  Miss  Lucy 
Atchinson  both  of  Wt  Springfield  were  entered  June  1^',  1776,  published 
the  same  day. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Daniel  ])  "anger  of  South  Brinifieltl 

&  Elizabeth of  West  Springfield  were  entered  with  me  on  the  24 

Day  of  June  177G,     Publication  thereof  made , 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Ira  Fletcher  and  Elizabeth  Barber 
both  of  Wt  Springfield  were  entered  with  me  on  Saturday  the  29th  of  June 
177  G  and  published  tiie  same  Day.     [Married  Sept.  5.] 

The  Intentions  of  .?>rarriage  between  Aaron  Ely  li  W^  Eleanor  Williston 
both  of  Wt  Springfield  were  entered  with  me  on  Friday  the  9'^  of  Aucr. 
1J76,  &  published  the  10'''  of . 

The  Intentions  of  ^larriage  between  Charles  Purchase  of  Wt  Spring- 
field and  Martha  Ferry  of  LuiUow  were  enter"*  Saturday  Aug.  17,  1776. 
Published  the  same  Day. 

The  Intentions  of  3Iarriage  between  Mr.  Caleb  Bliss  &  Miss  Hannah 
Vanhorn  both  of  Wt  Springfield  were  entered  Saturday  Sept  7*'',  1776 — 
publication  made  the  same  Day.     []Married  Oct,  31.] 

The  Intentions   of  IVfarriage   between  Manasseh  Fren of  Enfield 

&  Hannali  ]Morley  of  'Wt  Springfield  were  entered  with  me  the  4  Day  of 
October  1776,  &  published  the  neit  Day. 


1875.]         Marriages  in  West  Sprinrffield,  1774-96.  57 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  bctu'een  Luke  Day  of  Wt  SpringfieM  Sc^X^ 
Mercy  Dewey  of  Westliehl  were  entered  with  me  on  the  1-3  Day  of  Nov^ 
177G.     Piiblishineut  ported  the  same  Day.     [M.  Dec.  5.] 

The  TntPiitious  of  ^farriaije  between  Ic!;abo<I  Comstoek  of  WestHclJ  (5c 
Ivitherine  Smith  of  Wt  S[)ringljehl  were  ei)tered  with  me  on  Saturday,  De- 
cenib'  1-i"^  i77G.     rublicatioa  made  the  sarje  Day.     (M.  Jan.  '.),  1777.] 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  'Mv.  Tilley  Mirrick  of  "Wt  Spring- 
field &  Miss  Louisa  Colton  of  Springfield  w^ere  entered  January  4th  1777. 
Publication  made  the  same  Day. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  William  Marchant  «fc  Naomi  Par- 
sons of  Wt  Springtield  were  entered  Jany  8,  1777.  Publication  made  the 
same  Day. 

The  Intentions  of  3Iarriage  between  John  Taylor  of  Wt  Spring-field  & 
Hannah  Farnam  of  Northampton  were  entered  Jany  8"".  1777.  Publica- 
tion made  y^  Same  Day.     [jM.  March  13.] 

Israel  Bagg  &  Sarah  Green  of  Wt  Springfield  were  joined  together  in 
Marriage  11  Day  Jan^  1776. 

l^nos  Morgan  &  Lois  Stockwell  of  Wt  Springfield  were  joined  together 
in  Marriage  23  Day  May  177G. 

Ro>-well  Day  <S:  Lucy  Atchinson  of  Wt  Springfield  were  joined  together 
in  Marriage  2  Day  July  177G. 

Ira  Fletc'ier  &  Elizabeth  Barlow  of  Wt  Springfield  were  joined  together 
in  jMarriage  5  Day  Sept.  177 G. 

Caleb  Bliss  &  Hannah  Vanhorne  of  Wt  Springfield  were  joined  together 
in  Marriage  31  Day  Oct''  1776. 

Luke  Day  of  Wt  Springfield  &  Mercy  Drury  cf  Westfield  were  joined 
together  in  Marriage  5  Day  DecemV  177 G. 

Ichabod  Comstoek  of  Westfield  &  Catlierine  Smith  of  Wt  Springfield 
were  joined  together  in  Marriage  9  Day  Jan^,  1777. 

Daniel  Mirrick  &  Experience  Leonard  their  Intentions  of  Marriage  were 
entered  with  me  March  2'^*,  1777.     Published  the  same  Day. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Mr.  Asaph  Leonard  &  wid°  Plan- 
nah  Lamb  both  of  Wt  Springfield  were  entered  with  me  April  5,  1777. 
purlished  the  same  Duy. 

""."he  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  .John  Hendrick  of  Springfield  & 
Mary  Parker  of  West  Springfield  were  entered  with  me  May  3*^  1777  & 
published  the  same  Day.     [M.  May  13.] 

The  Intentions  of  iilarriage  between  Asael  Chapin  of  Wt  Springfield  & 
Sarali  Frink  of  Springfield  were  entered  with  me  iNIay  3,  1777  &  published. 
The  Intentions  of  "Marriage  between  Lewis  Ely  &  Anna  Granger  both' 
of  Wt  Springfield  were  entered  August  30"^,  published  the  31'',  1777.     [M. 
Oct.  23.] 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Asael  Stebbins  of  IMunson  &  Eer- 
thia  Terry  of  Wt  Springfield  were  entered  with  me  Nov'  1"  1777  :  pubhihed 
y^  same  Day. 

Tlie  Intention?  of  ^Marriage  between  Seth  Pomeroy  of  Suffield  &  Anna 
Saunderson  of  Wt  Springfield  were  entered  Nov'  3*^  &  pubUshed  the  8th 
Instant,  1777. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Jacob  Miller  and  Lucretia  Ely  were 

entered  the  8th  of ,  1777,  &  published  the  same  Day.     [M.  Dec.  18.] 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Moses  Adams  .Jim'  of  Suffield  <fc 
Eoxavana  Kent  of  Wt  Springfield  were  entered  Nov.  13th  :  published  the 
loth :  1777. 


58  Marriages  in  West  Springfield,  1774—96.  [Jan. 

The  Intentions  of  ^farnage  between  Thomas  Ba^^  &  Joanna  Cooley 
both  of  Wt  Springlield  were  eutei-ed  Nov.  15  :  1777.  Publisheil  the  li;"*. 
[M.  Dec.  18,] 

The  Intentions  of  Marrinwe  between  Noah  Leonanl  of  Wt  Springfichl  &-. 
Lj-dia  Taylor  of  Murrayiichi  were  entered  Nov'  27''"  1777  published  the  2.)th. 

The  Intentions  oflMarriage  between  John  Barber  &  ^Margaret  Steplieu- 
sou  boih  of  Vy't  Springtieid  were  entered  with  me  Dec'  12"^  &  pubh^hed  the 
next  Day. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Timothy  Day  Jun'  of  Wt  Sju-ing- 
field  &  Eunice  H:ile  of  Springfield  were  entered  Jan^  9"^  1778.  Fubli.sbed 
the  next  Daye. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Gideon  Adams  of  Sufueld  &  Theoda 
Kent  of  Wt  Springliekl  were  entered  &  published  Jan^  '1-V-'^  1778. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Bushman  Fuller  of  Wt  Springfield 
&  Flora  Parry  of  East  Windsor  were  entered  Fel/  7'^  1778. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  l)etween  Jacob  Day  &  Abigail  Leonard  both 
of  Wt  Sprmgiield  were  entered  Feb^'  21.     Published  the  same  Day. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Jephtha  Green  &  Margaret  Bagg 
-were  entered  Feb'  27*^  1778.     Published  next  Day. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between Barker  &  Sarah  Jones  both 

of  Wt  vSpringtlfld  v'ere  entered  with  mo  April  21'"  1773. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Phineas  No —  of  WiUiamstown  c& 
Tamar  Irlil I ar  of  Wt  Springfield  were  entered  May  2"'^  1778.  Published 
the  same  Day. 

The  ]jitentions  of  Marriage  between  Zaavan of  Westfield  &;  IMiriam 

Brooks  of  Wt  Springliekl  were  entered  &  puljlished  i\ray  30"*  1778. 

Asael  Stebbens  of  Munson  &  Bethia  Terry  of  Wt.  Springfield  were  joined 
together  in  ^Marriage  March  2-1,  1778. 

Jephtha  Green  &  Margaret  Bagg  were  joined  together  in  Marriage 
March  26,  1778. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  ]Mr.  Sam"  Leonard  Jun""  cf  Wt 
Springfield  &  Miss  Jemima  Robinson  of  Granville  were  entered  &  publish'^ 
July  25"^  1778. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Billap  [Billy  ?]  Munger  &  Marga- 
ret Remington  both  of  Wt  Springfield  were  entered  Aug'  22,  1778. 

T  le  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Hezekiah  [Smith  ?]  Jun'of  Granby 
&  Ruth  Granger  of  -Wt  Springfield  were  entered  Sep'  1  &  pxiblished  5'*' 
1778. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Solomon &  Lucy  Stephen- 
son of  'Wi  Springfield  were  entered  September  8  Sc  published  12'^. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Lewis  Day  and  Sebreh  Ward  both 
of  Wt  Springfield  were  entered  Oof  o^^  1778,  &  published  the  same  Day. 
[M.  Nov.  26t] 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Seth  Remington  and  Mary  Roberta 
both  of  Wt  Springfield  were  entered  Oct""  \Q>'-^  pul>li.4ied  the  next  Day. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Lt.  Asa  Millar  and  Eunice  Shevoy 
were  entered  Ocf  17'''  &  publish'*  eodem. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Noadiah  Loomiss  and  Thankful  Bagg 
were  entered  Oct'  17"^  &  publish'^  eodem.     [M.  Nov.  20.] 

The  Intentions  of  JIarriage  between  John  Frederick  Stickman  &;  Rebec- 
ca Bond  both  of  Wt  Springfield  were  entered  Ocf  21"'  1778,  &.  published 
the  same  Day.     [M.  Nov.  10.] 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Mr.  Stephen  Leonard  &  Editha 


1875.]         Marriages  in  West  Springfield^  1774-96.  59 

Leonard  botli  of  Wt  SpriiigfielJ  were  entered  Oct'  SO'^  &  published  the 
next  Day   A  Dom.  1778. 

Lt.  i\ia  Millar  6^  IMiss  Euaico  Sh^voy  were  joined  together  in  Wedlock 
Nov'  12"'   1778. 

The   Intertions  of  INfarriage  between  Eeuben   Farnum  of  Wt  Sprm:,'- 
field  liL  Keziali  "\\  aif,  of  Suuthamptou  were  entered  &  published  Nov '  28,  1778. 
John  Taylor  2"'^  of  Wt  Springfield  &  Hannah    Farnum  of  Northampton 
were  joined  toi^cther  in  Marriage  March  13,  1777. 

John  Ilendrick  &  Mary  Barker  of  West  Springfield  were  joined  together 
hi  Marriaice  May  13,  1777. 

Lewis  Ely  &  Anne  Grainger  of  Wt  Sprmgfield  were  joined  together 
in  Marriage  Oct'  23,  1777. 

Tliomas  Bagg  ct  Joanna  Cooley  of  Wt  Springfield  were  joined  together 
in  Marriage  Dec^  IS''^  1777. 

Jacob  liLillar  &  Lucretia  Ely  of  Wt  Springfield  were  joined  together  in 
Marriage  Dec'  IS,  1777. 

John  Frederic  Stickman  &  Kebekah  Bond  of  Wt  Sprmgueld  were  joined 
together  in  IMarriage  Nov'  10"'  1778. 

Noadiah  Loomis  &  Thankful  Bagg  of  Wt  Springfield  were  joined  toge- 
ther in  r^farriage  Nov''  26"'  1778. 

Lewis  Day  &  Sabrea  Ward  of  Wt  Spruigfield  were  joined  together  in 
Marriage  Nov'  20'^,  1778. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Samuel  Adams  of  Sufneld  &  Eliza- 
beth Piu-chase  of  Wt  Springfield  were  entered  January  1''  1779  &  pub- 
lished the  third  Listant. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Isaac  Newton  of  Greenfield  &  Esther 
Hopkins  of  We?t  Springrietd  were  entered  Jan^  C^  1779,  &  pubhshcd  y' 
same  Day.     [M.  March  2.] 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  jMoses  Adams  &  Zilpah  Elmer  both 
of  Wt  Springfi'.dd  were  entered  Jan'^  23, 1779,  and  published  the  same  Day. 
The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  John  Brackett  &  Eunice  Woolcott 
both  of  Wt  Springfield  were  entered  &  published  Feb.  13""  1779. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  David  Hastings  of  Sufiield  & 
Sebrah  Morley  of  Wt  Sprmgfield  were  entered  Mzvch  12^^  1779  &  pub- 
lished the  nest  Day. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Jared  Fairman  of  Norwich  & 
Chloe  Hanchet  of  Wt  Springfield  were  entered  April  3-^  1779,  &  pubUshed 
the  same  Daye. 

The  Inter.:  tions  of  Marriage  between  Aaron  Vanhom  Jun'  of  Wt  Spring- 
field &  ]Mary  Hubbard  of  Lowden  were  entered  April  5"^  &  pitblishcd  1U'°. 
The   Intentions  of  Marriage  ^between   Walter  Bagg  &  Nancy  Granger 
both  of  West  Springfield  were  entered  April  17,  &  published  the  same  Daye. 
The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Mathew  Copley  &  Caroline  Kent 
both  of  West  Springfield  were  entered  May  5'^  1770  &  published. 

The  IntPnticns  of  IMarriage  between  Mr.  Ebenezer  ilorgan  and  Lucy 
Morgan  both  of  Wt  Springfield  were  entered  May  8""  1779  and  publislied 
the  Same  Daye.  And  joined  together  in  Marriage  Thursday  May  27"^ 
Instant. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Lt.  John  Millar  and  IMrs.  Lucretia 

Day  both  of  West  Springfidd  were  entered  3"^  1779  &  published 

the  5'*^  In?tant. 

John  Brackett  &  Eunice  Woolcott  both  of  West  Springfield  were  joined 
together  in  Marriage  June  7*^  1779. 

[To  be  coatinaed.] 


60  Letter  of  Eichard  Price  to  President  Stiles.         [Jan. 


LETTER  OF  PJCIIArvD  TKICE  TO  PPvESIDENT  STILES. 

Com.  by  Chabxes  H.  Morsk,  Esq.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

NE^vlNGTOX  Greex,  January  1,  17S3- 
Dear  Sir: 

I  writ  to  you  by  Dr  Beardsley,  and  I  have  since  sent  you  an  account  of 
the  new  planet  by  Mr.  Fitch.  ^V'itli  this  letter  I  send  you  two  copies  of 
plans  for  observing  meteors,  drawn  up  by  iNIr.  Harkelyne  our  Astronomer 
Royal ;  and  also  a  letter  which  I  received  fron\  him  a  few  days  ago,  from 
which  you  will  learn  that  he  wishes  to  have  these  jtlans  circulated  in  Amer- 
ica, in  order  to  collect  all  the  observations  onroeteors  which  can  be  procured. 
He  is  to  send  me  a  large  parcel  for  this  purpose,  and,  therefore,  yen  will 
probably  receive  thereafter  more  of  these  plans.  You  wall  farther  learu 
from  Dr.  Markelyne's  letter  that  he  agrees  with  IVesident  Clap  in  his  ideas 
of  the  nature  and  causes  of  meteors,  and  that  he  is  greatly  pleased  with 
President  Clap's  pamphlet  on  the  subject,  which  you  have  been  so  good  as 
to  send  me  to  be  pre<5ented  to  the  Royal  Society.  I  have  likewise  sent  yoa 
a  set  uf  Advertistmuucs  which  have  been  printed  here  on  purpose  to  be  dis- 
tributed in  America.  You  will  kno^v  how  much  the  cause  of  civil  and 
rehgious  liberty  has  been  indebted  to  Bisliop  floadley.  Dr.  Hoadley,  his 
son  and  the  publisher  of  this  edition  of  his  works,  is  dead.  One  of  my 
friends  interests  himself  for  the  widow ;  and  she  would  be  benefited  could 
she  dispose  of  the  remainder  of  the  copies.  One  set  I  shall  send  to  you 
by  some  future  opporLunity  in  hopes  that  the  college  over  which  you  preside 
will  accept  it  as  a  token  of  my  gratitude  and  good  wishes. 

Deliver  my  kind  respects  to  Dr.  Beardsley'^and  IMr.  Fitch  when  you  see 
them.  I  hope  they  ore  arrived  safe  at  their  respective  homes.  Mr.  Fitch 
has  informed  me  that  you  wish  some  print  or  bust  of  me.  You  do  me  great 
honor  by  this ;  but  no  such  thing  has  ever  existed,  nor  have  I  ever,  the' 
frequently  solicited,  been  able  to  persuade  myself  to  sit  to  any  painter. 

We  are  here  in  great  confusion,  one  change  succeeding  another  in  the 
ministry  continually,  taxes  high,  the  revenue  deicient,  and  our  funds  and 
finances  in  the  most  deplorable  state.     America,  I  hope,  will  prosper.     This 
may  be  of  more  consequence  to  mankind  than  the  prosperity  of  Britain. 
With  great  respect  I  am,  Sir,  Your  obliged  and  very 
obedient  and  humble  servant. 
To  Dr.  Styles,  Rich".  Price. 

Yale  College 

Connecticut. 
[Endorsed  by  Dr.  Stiles  j 

«  Re'd  Apr.  28,  1784." 


Berry.  (Suffolk  Co.  Deeds.  xxxiii.-6).  Lazaniti  Osman  and  wife  Garthred, 
Thos.  Watera,  mariner,  and  wife  Huldah,  Abigail  Cooper,  wife  and  atty.  to  Edward 
Cooper,  Mary  Smith,  widow,  for  herself  and  as  atiy.  to  her  bro.  .John  Berr\',  of 
Salem,  oijnvt-y  to  Alex''  Miil'T  land  and  dw-h  :  formerly  belonging  to  their  deceased 
father,  Oliver  Ben-y,  '2d  January,  1717-18.'  ii.  F.  Waters, 


1875.]       Judges  of  Prohate,  J\Jiddlcscx  County,  Mass.  CI 


JUDGES  OF  niOBATE,   COUXTY  OF   :MIDDLESEX, 

MASS. 

Ey  the  Hon.  "William  A.  RiCHAiinsox,  LL.D.,  TVasliinston,  D.C. 

The  following  is  an  extract  from  Judge  Iviuli:u-d.sun's  letter  aocoaipanyinrr  this  valan- 
blc  paper:  "■  The  following  account  of  the  first  niue  jud/e-  of  probate  for  tlio 
county  of  Middlesex  was  mot^tly  prepared  by  mc  more  than  three  years  ago,  when 
it  was  my  intention  to  extend  still  further  ny  reeearches  oonocrning  the  lives  and 
familie.-  of  these  public  otHceriS.  But  the  pressure  pf  other  engagements  and  ub- 
eenee  from  the  commonwealth  most  of  the  time  since  have  prevcntdl  me  froiu 
gathering  any  further  information.  The  account  is  correct,  I  think,  aa  far  as  it 
goef."  A  list  of  the.-e  judges  was  published  in  the  Historical  and  Cjeneai-ogical 
Reoistkr,  sxy.  page  123. — [Editor.] 

JA3IES   RUSSELL, 

I^rcST  judo^e  of  i^robate  for  Middlesex  ;  bominChai-lestown,]Mas3., 
October ^4,  A. D.  1C40;  appointed  June  18,  1(592;  judge  of 
the  court  of  common  plea?  for  the  same  county  from  December  7, 
1G92,  to  1707  ;  one  of  the  deputies  from  Charlestown  to  the  general 
court;  and  one  of  the  assistants  and  the  treasurer  of  the  colony  from 
1G50  to  1685,  when,  on  being  again  elected  treasurer,  he  declined,* 
but  remained  an  assistant  another  year.  He  Avas  one  of  the  council 
of  safety  at  the  deposition  of  Governor  Andros,  and  vras  named  one 
of  the  council  under  the  new  charter.  From  1692  to  1708,  both  in- 
clusive, he  was  one  of  the  governor's  council. 

A  slab  in  the  burying-ground  in  Charlestown  slill  standing  has 
upon  it  the  following  inscription  to  his  memory,  in  ancient  ortho- 
graphy : 

"  Here  lies  interred  the  body  of  James  Russell,  Esqr.,  son  of  RIc/iard 
Russell  and  Maud  his  wife,  who  was  bora  in  this  town  October  4,  ItMU, 
and  was  elected  Counsellor  for  the  Colony  in  the  year  16S0.  He  was  an- 
nually chosen,  saving  in  those  few  years  of  the  reign  of  King  James  when 
the  people  were  deijnved  of  that  privilege.  He  also  served  God  and  his 
Country  in  many  other  eminent  stations  as  a  Treasurer,  a  Judge  and  m 
other  i)l;'.ces  of  the  greatest  trust,  all  which  he  discharged  as  becoines  a 
faithful  .--teward.  He  exchanged  Earth  for  Heaven  on  Thursday  Aprd  28, 
17U'J."  . 

'  Mr.  Ru-^eil  was  re-chosen  treasurer  of  the  Massachusetts  colony  May  27,  16So,  and  is 
rccor.ic.l  ;'..s  h.ivm-  lakrn  his  oatli ;  but  in  the  rcv:ords  under  Aui:.  1'-,  ^vc  tind  this  entry : 
"  J.iiiif^  ]l;;"cll,  Evp,  I'crninly  Tfcnsurcr,  Lauin--  refused  to  accept  of  that  service  for  this 
present  ytare,  notwt^standin:;  the  Court  orders  &  "desires  tliat  he  iooke  after  tlic  countryos 
dned  fur  tlie  pre.-cnt,  ^  that  he  issue  out  warrants  for  tlu^  yearcsassesscments,  .accordinir  to 
law,  and  they  will  take  care  fur  a  new  Treasurer  iit  their  sessions  in  October  next.  It  is 
ordLTcd  tl:at'tlie  secretary-  issue  out  his  vran-ants  to  the  resptctive  touncs  tliat  the  freeman 
make  chojce  of  a  meete  person  to  be  present  at  October  Court  to  serve  instead  of  the  pre- 
sent Tre.i-urer.     Wairants  is';ucd  out  aecordinglv." 

It  icjuis  that  Capt.  John  Phdiips  was  ciiosen  by  the  freemen,  as  at  the  October  session, 
it  is  recorded  tliat  he  had  on  the  21^t  of  that  month  "  :riven  in  his  fyimll  answer,  &  refused  to 
accept  the  coniitr].-' ohovcc  fur  >'i.ing'Trca-urer."  The  same  day.  s^anuid  Xuwcll,  E^q., 
wad  appointed  tr-'ruurer'tv  the  Court.    See  ^Massachusetts  Colony  Records,  v.  4:75,  •i'-'9,  50.5. 

J.  W.   D. 

VOL.  XXIX.  6 


62  Judges  of  ProhatCy  Middlesex  Couyity,  Mass.       [Jnn. 

JOnX  LEVERETT, 
^  Second  judge  of  probate,  appointed  October  23,  1702,  and  con- 
tinued in  office  till  1708.  A  grandson  of  Governor  Leverctt,  he  ^vas 
born  in  Boston  Aug.  25, 1GG2  ;  gi-aduatcd  at  Harvard  College  in  IPSO  ; 
studied  divinity,  and  received  from  the  college  the  degree  of  bachelor 
of  {.beology  in  lGi,i2,  at  the  same  time  \ni\\  "WiUiam  Brattle;  and 
tlicj  -vvere  the  only  persons  upon  v.hom  that  degree  ^vas  ever  conferred 
by  the  college  until  the  year  1870.  Aftcr^prcaching  for  a  time, 
be  studied  law ;  was  a  fellow  of  tlie  Koyal  Society  of  London ;  a 
member  of  the  corporation  of  the  college  and  tutor ;  judge  of  the 
superior  court  of  the  province,  then  the  highest  court,  from  1702  to 
1708,  when,  on  being  elected  president  of  the  college,  he  resigned  his 
two  judgeships  and  liis  office  as  councillor.  He  resided  in  Cambridge, 
from  which  place  he  was  representative  to  the  general  com-t,  and 
was  speaker  of  the  house  of  representatives.  Subsequently  he  was 
a  member  of  the  governor's  council,  and  member  of  the  Ancient  and 
Honorable  Ai-tillery  Company.  He  died  very  suddenly ,  May  3, 1724, 
at  the  age  of  ^2,  while  still  president. 

In  an  address  to  the  gi'and  jury,  soon  after  Judge  Leverett's  death, 
Chief-Justice  Scwall  saya  of  him,  "he  was  one  who  had  been  au 
ornament  to  the  bench  of  justices  and  court  of  probate,  fuU  of  sweet- 
ness and  candor,  displayed  in  the  government  of  the  college,  tem- 
pered by  convenient  severity.''* 

FEANCIS   FOXCP.OFT, 

Third  judge  of  probate,  appointed,  July  8,  1708,  "in  the  room  of 
IVIr.  Leverctt,  lately  installed  president  of  the  college;''  continued 
in  office,  with  all  other  civO  officers  of  the  government,  by  proclama- 
tion of  the  lieutenant-governor  Nov.  9,  1715,*  on  the  accession  of 
Governor  Burges,  and  reappointed  Dec.  9,  1715.  He  remained  in 
office  till  Sept.  30,  1725,  when  he  asked  "to  be  dismissed  on  account 
o ■'  hia  advanced  age  and  gi-eat  infirmities  of  body."  He  held  the  office 
of  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  for  Middlesex  from  1709  to 
1719.  He  was  one  of  the  wardens  of  King's  Chapel  in  Boston  in 
the  year  1689,  and  again  in  109-4. 

jMt.  Washbium,  in  his  Judicial  History  of  Massachusetts,  p.  339, 
says  of  him : 

"  Few  memorials  are  left  of  him,  but  among  them  is  the  very  creditable 
fact  that  he  was  decidedly  opposed  to  the  witchcraft  mania  that  prevailed 
■in  1692,  and  disapproved  of  the  proceedings  against  its  unfortunate  victims. 
He  was  in  commission  as  a  magistrate  under  Andres,  and  rendered  his 
name  somewhat  famous  for  having  issued  a  warrant  to  arrest  and  imprison 

1^  For  his  ancestry  and  children,  see  Register,  iv.  134. — j.  -w.  d. 

-  The  proclamation  of  "William  Tailor,  lieutenant  irovcmor  of  the  proTince  Xov  9 
1715,  is  pi-inted  in  the  Bn-ton  Nnrs-Letter,  ^^^v.  \\,  171-5.  Col.  Elizcus  Bur^jes  the  ^ov- 
ei-nor,  did  not  come  to  Massachusetts,  thondi  his  commission  AYas  p;ihtis:ied  in  Bo-s^on 
Gov.  Hutchinson  in  his  History  of  Massachusetts  Bav,  ii.  212,  >ays :  "  I  know  of  do  other 
instance  of  the  puhlicatioa  of  a  sovemurs's  commission  in  the  Massaohnsets  Ijefore  his  ar- 
rival in  person."— J.  \r.  v. 


1875.]       Judges  of  Prolate,  Middlesex  County^  ^fas.?.  G3 

a  Mr.  Winslow,  vrlio  broii2:lit  frona  Virginia  a  copy  of  the  Prince  of  Orange's 
declarations  on  his  landing  in  England." 

He  was  of  Cambridge  during  the  last  twenty-five  or  tliirty  years 
of  bis  life,  and  died  there  Dec.  31,  1727.'  The  name  of  Judge 
Francis  Foxcroft  is  often  confounded  with  that  of  his  eon  Francis, 
who  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1712,  and  who  was  register  of  probate 
in  1729  [of  whom  a  biographical  sketch  will  be  found  in  tlie  K agis- 
ter, viii.  171]. 

JOaSTATHAN   RIDIINGTON, 

Fourth  judge  of  probate  ;  appointed  Sept.  30,  1725  ;  died  in  office 
Sept.  20,  1745;  born  in  Cambridge  July  27,  1677;  graduated  at 
Har\'ard  College  in  1696  ;  tutor  and  member  of  the  corporation  from 
1707  to  1711  ;  one  of  the  governor's  council  from  1730  to  1740  ; 
judo'e  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  for  Middlesex  from  1715  to 
1733,  and  of  the  superior  court  from  1733  to  1745,  when  lie  died. 
He  resided  in  Cambridge.  Judge  Washburn,  in  his  Judicial  History, 
p.  288,  justly  says  of  him  : 

"  He  was  somewhat  connected  with  political  life  and  sat  for  some  yeara 
at  the  council  board.  But  less  is  known  of  him  either  as  a  judge  or  civi- 
lian than  his  merits  in  these  relation's  seem  to  deserve,  or  than  there  would 
have  been  had  he  mingled  in  the  strife  of  party  instead  of  faithfully  pursu- 
ing the  unpretending  path  of  bis  official  duties." 

SAMUEL   D.\:sTOETH, 

Fifth  jtidge  of  probate;  born  in  Dorchester,  Mass.,  November, 
1696;  graduated  at  Harvard  University  bachelor  of  arts  1715,  and 
master  of  arts  1718  ;  appointed  judge  of  probate  December  20, 
1745  ;  one  of  the  governors  council  from  1739  to  1774  ;  judge  of 
the  court  of  common  pleas  for  the  county  from  1741  till  the  revolu- 
tion, thus  holding  the  three  offices  of  judge  of  probate,  judge  of  iho 
court  of  common  pleas  and  councillor  for  more  than  thirty  years.  At 
the  breaking  out  of  the  revolution  he  was  inclined  to  be  a  loyalist, 
but  his  advanced  age  and  timid  disposition  caused  him  to  yield  to  the 
overwhelming  public  sentiment  of  the  day  and  to  give  in  his  adhesion 
to  the  cause  of  the  patriots. 

Having  been  appointed  and  sworn  a  mandamus  councillor  in  1774, 
a  groat  concourse  of  people,  many  thousands,  assembled  about  the 
court-house,  then  in  Old  Cambridge,  and  from  the  steps  he  declared 
to  tliem  that  "  having  arrived  at  a  very  advanced  age  and  spent  the 
greater  part  in  the  service  of  the  public,  it  was  a  great  mortification 
to  him  to  find  a  step  lately  taken  by  him  so  disagreeable  to  his  country, 
in  which  he  conscientiously  had  meaned  to  serve  them ;  but  finding 
their  general  sense  against  his  holding  a  seat  at  the  council  board  on 
the  new  establislunent,  he  assured  them  that  he  had  resigned  the  said 

'  The  Rev.  .John  A.  Vinton  gives  tlie  date  of  his  birth,  Nov.  13,  16o7.    See  Vinton  Memo- 
rial, p.  12i. — s.  w.  D.  "  . 
*  for  a,  iiitand  account  of  the  Maudamus  Ccanciilors,  sec  Kegisteh,  sxviii.  61. — J.  w.  d. 


64  Judf/es  of  JProbate,  Middlesex  County,  Mass.         [Jan. 

office  auJ  would  never  henceforth  accept  or  act  m  an}'  office  incon- 
eistcnt  avIlIj  the  charter-rights  of  hU  country;"  and  at  the  c-ame  time 
he  signed  and  dehvered  the  following  : 

*'  Although  I  have  this  day  made  an  open  declaration  to  a  great  cou- 
course  of  people,  who  assemhled  at  Caiahriugc,  thaL  I  had  resigned  my  seat 
at  the  oouucil  ho:ti'd,  yot  for  tlie  further  sutisfuction  of  all,  I  do  lierehy  de- 
clare under  my  hand,  that  such  resignation  has  actually  heen  made  and  that 
it  ifl  my  full  purpose  not  to  he  in  any  way  concerned  as  a  memher  of  the 
Council,  at  auy  time  hereafter.  S.  DANFOiiiii." 

"  Septcmher  2,  1777. 

He  resided  in  Cambridge,  and  died  there  Oct.  27,  1777.* 

JOIIX   WrXTHROP, 

Sixth  judge  of  probate ;  a])pointcd  September  6,  1775;  died  in 
office  jMay  3,  1779  ;  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1732,  and  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  doctor  of  law'c)  at  Edinburgh  in  1771,  and  at 
Harvard  in  1773  ;  professor  of  mathematics  from  1738,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  corporation  from  17G5  to  time  of  his  death.  lu  1768 
and  again  in  177'4  he  was  offered  the  presidency  of  the  college,  but 
each  time  declined  the  appointment.  He  was  a  member,  of  the 
Royal  Society  of  London,  and  a  valuable  contributor  to  its  transac- 
tions, for  wliich  he  received  the  thanks  of  tlic  society.  In  1773  he 
was  chosen  one  of  the  council  of  the  province,  but  was  rejected  by 
royal  decree.  lu  1774  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  pro\dncial  congTess, 
and  in  1775  w-as  again  elected  to  the  council.  It  wUl  be  seen  that, 
unlike  his  immediate  predecessor,  "Winthrop  was  an  active  supporter 
of  the  patriotic  cause.  Pie  was  born  in  Boston,  December  19, 1714, 
and  was  of  the  fom-th  generation  from  John  Winthrop,  governor  of 
Massachusetts. 

President  Quincy,  in  his  History  of  Harvard  University,  ii.  223, 
217,  says  of  him  : 

*  The  attainments  of  Prof.  Wintlirop  were  not  limited  to  mathematical 
and  phllosopldcal  pursuits.  His  active,  vigorous  and  comprehensive  mind 
embraced  within  its  sphere  various  and  extensive  knowledge ;  and  he  is, 
perhaps,  better  entitled  to  the  character  of  a  universal  scholar  than  any 
individual  of  his  ume  in  this  country. 

"The  literary  and  scientiLic  attainments  of  John  "Winthrop  acquired  cele- 
brity in  his  own  country,  and  in  "Europe,  and  entitle  him  to  be  regarded  as 
one  of  the  brightest  ornaments  of  Harvard  CoUeire." 

OLIVER   PKESCOTT, 

Seventh  judge  of  probate;  bom  in  Groton,  Mass.,  April  27, 
1731 ;  graduated  at  Harvard  College  1750  ;  doctor  of  medicine,  and 
one  of  the  original  members  of  the  Massachusetts  Medical  Society : 
major  and  lieutenant-colonel  of  militia  under  the  king  ;  in  1770,  ap- 
pointed by  the  executive  council  of  ^Massachusetts  Bay  brigadier- 
general  of  militia  of  I\IidtUesex,  and  chosen  a  member  of  the  board 

*  For  hLi  ancestry  and  desceudants,  see  Eeoisteb,  vii.  319, 321. 


1875.1       Judges  of  Probate,  ^Middlesex  County,  3fass.  G5 

of  war  ;  in  1777,  elected  a  member  of  the  euprciae  executive  council ; 
in  177S,  appointed  third  nmjor-ri'euonil  of  tliu  luiliLia  of  the  ctate, 
and  in  17S1  second  major-general,  which  ofKce  he  soon  resigned  ; 
town-clerk  of  Grotou  from  17C5  to  1777.  lu  1781  he  was  one  of  a 
committee  "to  cause  to  be  arrested  and  commItte<l  to  jail  any  person 
whom  he  alvnild  deem  the  safety  of  the  Commonwealtli  required  to 
be  restrained  of  his  personal  iil;crty  or  whose  enlargement  witliin  the 
Commonwealth  is  dangerous  t'ueveto."  He  was  one  of  the  original 
fellows  of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  and  <me  of 
the  trustees  and  Ci'st  president  of  Groton  (now  Lawrence)  Academy. 
He  was  appointed  judge  of  probate  between  June  10,  1779  (when 
Edmund  Trowbridge  was  chosen  by  the  council,  but  never  acted  and 
probably  did  not  accept),  and  September  1,  1779,  when  it  appears 
by  the  probate  records  that  Prescott  held  his  first  court.  I  have  not 
been  able  to  find  any  record  of  his  first  election  or  appointment,  be- 
cause the  books  at  the  State  House  seem  to  be  imperfect  as  to  ap- 
pointments for  a  short  period  about  that  time.  After  the  adoption  of 
the  constitution  of  the  commonwealth,  it  was  thought  necessary  to 
app<nnt  anew  all  civil  oiiicers,  and  among  a  large  number  appointed, 
jNIarch  27,  1781,  was  Oliver  Pi-escott,  of  Groton,  as  judge  of  pro- 
bate for  ^Middlesex.     He  died  November  17,  180-4,  in  Groton. 

ja:mes  ppvEscott, 

Eighth  judge  of  probate  ;  born  in  Groton,  ]Mass.,  April  19,  17GG  ; 
graduated  at  Harvard  University  bachelor  of  arts  1788,  and  master 
of  -dvts  1791 ;  a  lavvv'er  by  profession,  and  practised  ten  years  in 
Westford  and  subsequently  in  Groton.  He  v/as  appointed  judge  of 
probate  February  1,  1805,  and  was  impeached  by  the  house  of  re- 
presentatives before  the  senate  for  malpractices  in  office,  and  after  a 
long  trial  before  that  court  of  impeachment,  in  which  he  was  de- 
fender! by  Daniel  ^vVebster,  he  v\'as  found  guiUy  and  deposed  from 
office,  Apiil,  1821. 

From  a  careful  examination  of  the  report  of  the  trial,  and  from 
conversations  with  men  prominent  in  that  day,  who  knew  well  the 
accusers  and  the  accused,  and  had  been  familiar  with  the  public,  politi- 
cal and  p,rivate  opinions  prevailing  in  the  county  at  that  time,  many 
of  whom  were  still  living  in  1840,  when  I  Avas  admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  were  jct  in  active  life,  I  am  satisfied  that  Judge  Prescott  wa,? 
dcposeil,  not  for  really  corrupt  pi-actices,  nor  for  intentional  and  wil- 
ful malfeasance  in  office,  but  for  personal  and  political  considerations 
not  apparent  upon  the  record.  He  had  become  obnoxious  to  leading 
men  on  accoimt  of  his  politics,  and  unpopular  with  the  public  by 
reason  of  his  irritable  temper  and  other  causes.  The  system  then 
existing,  of  paying  the  judges  by  fees  (the  worst  system  ever  devised 
for  paying  any  public  officers  and  especially  judicial  officers) ,  and 
the  abuses  Vvdiich  naturally  and  everywhere  grew  out  of  it,  together 
with  some  customs  of  doing  business  in  the  probate  courts  vvhich  were 

VOL.  XXIX.  6* 


66  Judges  of  Prolate,  ^Middlesex  County,  JSIass.       [Jan. 

practised  probably  in  all  the  counties,  really  for  the  convenience  of 
the  people,  but  Avliicli  had  not  the  warrant  of  express  provi.^ions  of 
statute,  gave  the  enemies  of  Judge  Preseott  opportunities  of  finding 
technical  eases  of  violation  of  law  on  liis  part,  wJiich  in  the  opinion 
of  a  nipjority  of  tlio  senate  vrcre  legally  sufHcicnt  to  justify  his  re- 
moval. Almost  immediately  after  this  trial  the  fee  system  was 
abandoned  in  Massachusetts,  and  judges  have  ever  since  been  paid 
by  fixed  salaries. 
'  He  died  in  Groton,  October  14,  1829. 

SA:\nJEL    p.    1'.    FAY, 

Ninth  judge  of  probate;  bora  in  Concord,  [Mass.,  January  ]0, 
1778  ;  gi-aduated  at  Harvard  University  bachelor  of  arts  1798,  and 
master  of  arts  1801  :  one  of  the  overseers  of  the  college  from  1824 
to  1852.  On  leaving  college  he  studied  law,  but  receiving  a  cap- 
tain's commission  in  the  American  ai-my,  raised  on  account  of  the 
French  hostilities,  he  joined  General  Hamilton's  forces  at  Oxford  in 
1799.  The  hostilities  having  shortly  afterv/ard  ended,  he  returned 
to  his  studies,  and,  upon  being  admitted  to  the  bar,  settled  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession,  in  Cambridge,  lie  was  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  house  of  representatives  from  1808  to  1813,  and  from 
1815  to  1819,  when  he  was  also  chosen  a  member  of  the  governor's 
coimcil.  He  was  again  a  member  of  the  coimcil  the  next  year,  1819- 
20,  and  of  the  house  of  representatives  1820-21,  where  he  was  one 
of  the  managers  of  the  impeachment  of  Judge  Preseott. 

Upon  the  organization  of  the  city  government  of  Cambridge  in 
184G,  he  was  chosen  one  of  the  members  of  the  board  of  aldermen 
for  that  year. 

He  was  appointed  judge  of  probate  May  9,  1821  :  resigned  April, 
1,  1856  ;  and  died  in  Cambridge  May  18,  of  the  same  year. 


THE  EEY.  TVILLIA3I  WALTON,  OF  MARBLEHEAD. 

The  following  list  of  the  hh-tlis  of  the  cliildren  of  this  clergj'man  is  copied 
from  the  Essex  court  files  at  Salem,  Mass. : 

1C27     2"     G'^  John  TV'alton  Sonne  of  W"  Walton  &  Elizabeth. 
1629     8"°  27**  EHzabeth  Walton  borne  at  Seaton  in  Devon. 
1C32     2°^  2G''  ^Martha  "  '•'      "       "        «       " 

1G36     1«»     3<^  Nathaniel        "  '•      "  Hinj^ham  in  New  En. 

-    1639     4°*    o^  Samuel  "  «      "  Marlle  Head. 

1641  10"°  20'i  Josiah  «  "      "  " 

1644     3"°  14*^  Marie  "  «      «  « 

It  will  be  found  in  vol.  i.  p.  C9.  H.  E.  waite. 

Wesf:  Xevston,  Mass. 


1875.]     Rccord-Booh  of  the  First  Church  in  Charlestoicn.       67 


1\I 

16 
D  ! 

9. 

13  ' 

20 

10 

11  1 

t 

Jan 

'! 

1 

15 

29 

Feb 

5 

12 

19 

26  I 

I 

(Continued  from  xxviil,  page  4;;0.) 
Baptized        —  Page  273  — 


May 


Twins  of  Joshuu  &  IMoliitabel 


Sarah.  D:  of  Nath:  &  Thankfiill 

Elira:    \ 

Jofiiui  \ 

N:.i]i':  ?oa  of  Xath'  &  Ilnnua 

Eliza:  D:  of  Ellas  &  Abigail 

Sarah  wife  of  Xathaniel 

Catharine  D:  of  Theojihilus  &  Catharine 

Ruth  D:  of  Robert  &  lluth 

Samuel  >  r^^^^  q£  j^^gg  ^  Hannah 

Alary     ) 

WiUiam  S:  of  "W"^  (j"n')  &  Miiry 

Abigail  D:of  W""  &  Mary 

Eliz:  D:  of  Eleazer  &  Mary 

Joieph  }  ^^^^  ^j  Edward  &  Eliz: 

Benj      ^ 

Anne  D:  of  Caleb  &  Anne 

Kebekah  wife  of  ^\'"' 

[Thomas  S:  of  Robert  &  Margaret 


198  Baptized        —  Page  276  — 

[Pages  274  and  275  are  omitted  in  numbering; 
276  ami  the  Record  follows  on  the  reverse  of  page 
273.  The  Record  is  unbroken,  but  one  leaf  seems 
to  have  been  torn  out  between  page  272  and  273.] 

D   ! 

26  ;Ruth  D:  of  John  &  Ruth                    _  _  _ 

'Judirh  D:  of  Joseph  (Sc  Judith             —  —  — 

{Maiv  D:  of  Richard  &  Mary              _  _  _ 

5.\V"S:ofW-&                                      _  _  _ 

Anthony  S:  of  Riehai-d  &  Jlargaret  —  — 

19  !  William  S.  of  W"  &  Hannah              —  —  — 

26  i^Larv  Webber         "]  ^,7.       a   a^  n  —  — 
lo    r'         rn                    \  these  4,  Adult 

buianna  tlovce        I  "-  .           ^i  —  — 
■u         u  i>        i'     1  r     iQ  another 

Hannah  Berestord  I     i       i      ■^.     n  —  — 
kr          /-'I                        handwritinfj] 

piercy  Cioyce          J                        °-'  —  — 

I  Johanna  B  of  Edward  &  Mary  —  — 

99 

2  ISufanna  D  of  George  &  Rebekah  —  — 

23  .Patience  (wife  of  James)  —  — 

jEIizabeth  (wife  of  Edward)  —  — 

{Samuel  S:  of  nv  Jonath  i  m"  Eliz  —  — 

jElizabeih  D.  of  Jacob  i<c  EUz:  —  — 

8  •  Jsaac  son  of  Jsaac  &  ^Mary  —  — 

jMary  d :  of  Jsaac  &  ilary  —  — 

15    Jonathan  S:  of  Thomas  ik  Sarah  —  — 

21  lElizabeth  Crowch  (an  adult  p'lbn)  —  — 


M 

Mav 


June 


16199     !  Baptized        —  Page  277  — 

D    James  son  of  James 

28    John  S.  of  s^  James 
I  Samuel  S  of  Robert 
'Jonathan  sou  of  John  &  Sarah 
lAcphiLis  D:  of  William  &  Hanna 
ll'VHuldah  D.  01  Jori'ph& 


Wilfon 

Blancha) 

Frothinc;ual 
btone  — 
Cloyce 
Jvory 
\Vicr 

Turner 

Story 

Brown 

Dowj 

^^'alker 

Call 

Fot'set 

i"Ward 


25  .Jfaiic  :on  of  Jlaac  6c  Anna 


Wait 

Townzen. 

Bovlftone 

Rand— 

iBeatly 

iAuftin 

iWebber 

I Cloyce. 

JBeresford 

Cloyce 

Lai-kin 

Townfend 

iWebber. 

jBeai 

JDows. 

IHurd 

lilirick 

piirick 

piarable 

I  Crowch. 


Timic| 

Turner 

Scot — 

"^Miitamol 

Hm-ry 

AVliitamol 

Knap 


G8        Record-Book  of  the  First  Church  in  Charle.stoicn.      [Jan, 


July 

Au2' 


Sep' 
Octo' 


16 
6 


13 
27 


—  Page  277  {Concluded).  — 

^[ary  D:  of  Samuel  &  Sarah  — 

James  S.  of  James  &  P.itionco  — 

Jolepli  s  of  James  esc  Tatii'tipe  — 

Jlaac  s  of  Jfaac  (jun')  .S:  llel/ekali  — 

Eliz:  D:  of  m'  Jii\  &  m"  AbiyuU  _ 

Ma-y  D.  of  V.'illiaui  &  Mary'  — 
Thomas  Son  of  m'  Jo:^c];>h  &  m"  Elizabeth 
Elizabeth  D:  of  m'  Samuel  cS:  m^  Ehzabcth 

I\Iercv  (  D  °   i-'i^'iird  &  Elizabeth 

Elizabeth  D.  of  Xath':  &  Eliz:    '  — 
Jonathan  S.  of  Jonathan  &  Sufannah 

Elizabeth  (wife  of  Thoma.-;)  — 

Ehz:  (D  of  isath',  &  EUzabeth)  — 


15 


■of  Thomas  (&Eliz:) 


Dec' 


1699  Baptized        —Page  278 

D  I  Thomas  1 

jEdward      Sons 

Benjamin 

lElizabeth  Dgh'    J 

iSamuel  S  ?    ^  o         i  /o  tt        l-^ 
I  Sarah.  D   \  °^  Samuel  (6c  Hannah) 

I  Joseph  s.  of  m'  Jacob  (&  m"  IMary) 
Katharine  D.  of  m'  Jose;)h  (&  m"  Kath: 
William  S  of  Elifha  (&  Marv) 
Abirrail  D.  of  m'  Sam"  (&  m"  Kath:) 
Mar>  D.  of  Thomas  &  Eliz:) 
■  Anne  J>  of  m'  Richard  (6c  m"  Parael) 
!  Elizabeth  March  — 

J  Elizabeth  Avis  — 

26  jjlichael  (S  of  m'  Michael  &  Relief) 
11"  jMary  (D  of  Joseph  &  Xaomi) 
24^^  lAnna  (I)  of  Stephen  &  ^larv) 

iMary  (D  of  George  &  ilary) 
31  j Samuel  S  of  m'  John  ju'  cS:  Mary 


Ad 


M 

Jan 


Feb 


Baj)tized 


Pa2;e  279  — 


March 


April 


1699 

I  ^    ■ 

7  jEd^rard  S  of  John  &  HaHa 

'Sui?.nna  D  of  Samuel  &  Sufan: 
14  jAnne  D.  of  John  &  Dorothy 

I  Sarah  D:  of  John  &  Sarah 
4    Rebekah  D  of  Nath'  &  Thankful! 
18  ;Josoph_S.  of  Andrcvf  & 

:Benjam  S.  of  James  &  Patience 

Tvebokah  D.  of  Eben",  &  Rebeh: 

:Rebekim  D  of  AV"  &  Ih'fthor 
26.  'Edwai-d  S:  of  Tho:  &  Elizabeth 

iHannah  I)  of  Daniel  &:  Ilanmdi 
l^  'Anne  D  of  Caleb  &  Anne 
10   Mary  -wife  of  Thomas 

jThomas  S.  of  Tho:  (Sc  Mary 

jMary  D  of  Tho:  iv  iLary 

■Anna  D:  of  Oliver  &  Anna 
17    Benjamin  S.  of  John  &  ]\[ehitabel 

Joseph  S.  of  Joseph  &  Mary 
31    Sarah  D  of  m'  Kicholaus  ^\-  m"  Dorothy 
7^^    Solomon  8  of  Jofeph  .Sc  ^[ary 
14  .Sarah  D  of  Sam"  \  Prilcilla 


IIuchinroQ 

Webber 

AV'ebber 

Fowl 

Rainer 

Lane 

Xev/el 

Hill 

Beal 

A^ebber 
Grijfen 
Brazier 
i  Howard 


Brazie' 


Counts 

Green 

Everton 

D(jubleday 

Phipps 

Brazier 

Fofter 

^larch 

Avis 

Gill 

Hairis 

Kidder 

Norton 

Philhps 


Newel 
Fowl 
.Moufel 
Edmunds 
A\'ihbn 
vStimpfon 
Webber 
Auftin 
Frothingham 
Bennet. 
La'.vrence 
CaU 
Fofdick 
Fofdick 
Fofdick 
A.twood 
Rand. 
Wood 
jLynde. 
Phippa 
[Griffen 


»#»<:#-  ^^..*~-jr^».jt4L  *A/fi^  <t»^.»*-^  *  ...;:^'£i!:sf»— 


I 


As^   . 


/5- 


^ 


f^.lf^ 


.^'aci-^  Anri). 


'iio. 


9 


C^^l 


i^se-\_^^^ --^—      — ^ ^rri      ^ 


/7    (h.^'^^irf^n  ^/ Qv^ik/^n  ^ 


I* 


i 


4% 


7.  ^'-^^v,     ^ 


Vf       ^ 


dJ-  liiA^tt^ 


/-4# 


Jt'^n^  vh^^, 


It^^ 


10  p 


n 


2>: 


'SO 


—      ^&Uhct 


1875.]     Record-Dooh  of  the  First  Church  in  Charlestown. 


69 


700 

A{iril 
May 


June 


July 


Au:rust 


Sept. 


1700 

M 

Octo' 

Nov 


D 

21 
12 

1!) 

l!3 


Baptized         —  Tage  280  — 

i  RoLert  S  of  m'  Robert  &  Katharine 
I A  [aw  i)  of  SetU  &  Sarah 
I.Tohn  S  of  Jfuao  &  :.L.r\ 
Siifanna  D  of  m'  Joun  i>c  Rtifanna 


D 


ocr; 


17 
Jan 


Slar^ 


Ap> 


Ch.'irlis  S  of  Charles  ^  Elizabeth  —  — 

2;3  |i>,i;'lfl  S  of  Edward  c^  Klizaheth  —  — 

lilt  (William  S.  of  John  &  Ruth  .    ,   —  — 

7*^  !Ed\var.l  S.  of  Buujamin  &  EUzabeLl-'        —  — 
14    ^Villiam      ) 

&  V  Twins  of  Benjamin  &  Anna  — 

Elizabeth  ) 

21  I  Samuel  S  of  m'  Jonathan  &  m"  Elizabeth  — 

lE^thcr  1)  of  Thomas  &  Esther  —  — 

Snrali  D.  of  Abraham  ^  Sarah  —  — 

28  iJohu  S  of  Ste[)hen  &:  JIar>raret  —  — 

n'-^Llonathan  S  of  Thomas  &  Elizabeth  —  — 

Lfohn  S  of  John  &  Anna  —  — 

jSarahD  of  David  —  — 

18  lAbi::ail  I)  of  Jn"  &  Sarah  —  — 
2.j  i.Johu  S  of  John  &  Anne                  [*Baber?] 

l"  j.Jnfeph  S  of  Ralph  &  Anna  —  — 

!:N[arv  D  of  Jr;:ncs  &  Katharine  —  — 

2a  IJojeph  S  of  John  &  :Nrary  —  — 

iRebeka  D  of  ^V'^  &  Hannah  —  — 

D  I  —  Page  281  — 

27'^  iDavid  S  of  Samuel  &  Lydia  — 

3  hViUiam  S.  of  Thomas  &  Hephzibah  — 

24"*  Geor-e  S  of  John  5:  _  _ 

•Joanna  D  of  m''  Samuel  (&  Joanna)  —  — 

Sarah  D  of  iNliehael  (&:  Joanna)  —  — 

Aunah  D  of  William  (.^-  Annah)  —  — 

•22.  Nathaniel  S.  of  Robert  &  Ruth  —  — 

Sarah  D.  of  Elias  6:  Abigail  —  — 

00      Annah  T>  of  Jacob  &  Ehzabeth  —  — 

5  lAnnali  D  of  Xathaniel  Sc  Annah  —  — 

12  lAnne  D  of  Richard  ^  INIary  BoyKtone  — 

19  plar^aret  D  of  Richard  &  Margaret          —  — 
iNlarv  D  of  Nath'  &  xVnna         "     .            —  — 

2  i  JohA  S  of  TT"  &  Perf  is  Rand  —  — 

9  jllcnry  S  of  m'  Thomas  (&  Prudence)  — 

iEhzal)eth  D  of  m'  :N'arhaniel  (k  Dorothv)  — 

I  Abigail  D  of  John  (&  Marv)  —  — 

iRaehel  D  of  Andrew  &:  Abiizail  —  — 

23  jphiKp  S  of  Andrew  &  Abigiiil  —  — 

Francis  S  of  M"  Francis  &  Prudence  Dole  — 


13 

20 


I  Anna  D  of  Samuel  &  Siirali  Auftin 
lAbigail  D  of  W"'  &  Abigail  Smith 


Knowles 

Switzer 

Mirick 

Chickering 

Ilunnewel: 

Walker 

Wait 

r\Iirick 

Lawrence. 

Dows 

Erathingha 

:\Iil!er 

Fofdick 

CaU 

Frothlngham 

Rae 

"WTiittamore 

*Baker 

^Moufoil 

Adams 

Wadkins 

Auftin 


Storer 

Harris 

Pierce 

Everton 

Brigden 

Stevens 

"V\'ier 

Stone 

Hurd 

Adam' 

BoyKton 

Bentley 

Frothlngham 

Rand 

Swan 

jDowd. 

jRufsel 

i^Mitchel 

':Mitchel 

bole 
JAustin 
Smith 


Koie.—Thn  inardns  of  parrcs  273  to  2S2  in  the  Hecord-Book  are  cat,  >.o  that  a  little  of 
the  MS.  is  lost,  ana  are  mcudud  with  strips  of  tliin  paper  pusted  upon  tliem. 

Note.— TLc  Rt:cistkr,  ;mt)li5!icd  January,  1S72,  contained  a  pbotolithocrapliic  fac-siraile 
of  Elder  Gnj.;-iiV  wTitni'x  {ii;32-.58),  sliowinix  one  of  tlic  olde^t  paq;es  of  Eccle-ia^tical  Itocord 
in  this  country,  and  also  of  the  Rev.  Thom~as  Sliepard's  form  of  entry,  l.'Cj;mning  Jan.  iC6*. 

This  Xunilior  of  the  Rf.gistfh  contains  siniiUir  representations  of  the  Rev.  Zcchariali 
Svmmes's  writinic  (pastor  1G3-1-71'>.  M'ho  made  records  from  the  death  of  Eklcr  Green  in 
16,58  unnl  the  l»".k  came  into  the'  hands  of  Mr.  Shop.ard,  Sen. ;  also,  more  of  the  larter's 
tvriting;  mid  tlic  R  -v.  Ciiarks  Morton's  (pastor  16S6-9b),  who  kept  the  book  from  the  time 
of  Mr.'Shep.ird,  Jr.,  mitil  that.-f  rho  Rev.  Siniun  linulstroet,  a  copy  of  whose  first  entry  fol- 
lows. These  fic-similes  show  the  styles  of  writing  that  appear  in  the  Record  during  the  first 
century  it  was  kept. 


70         Record-Booh  of  the  First  Ch tirch  hi  Charlestoion .     [Jan . 


M   f  D 

17  01 
Maj     11 


June 


July 


AMg. 

Sep*: 
Octo 


Kov 


25 
1 

15 

20 
27 

10 
31 
14 
5 
19 
26 

9 
16 


—  Page  282  — 

Eleaziir  S.  of  Eloazar  &  iNFarv  Do\v3         —    — 
Rebekah  D  of  Natlianlel  &  TliankfuU  Wilfon. 
SauiUL'I  S  of  Tiioiaas  6:  Maiy  Fuldick      —    — 
Margarit  D  of  Tho:&  Mabel  Sheppy       —    — 

Edward  r  ^  ^^  Jo^^^  ^^  Grace  Eads  —    — 

Anna  D  of  Nathaniel  &  Anna  Lord  —    ~ 

■William  Kucy.  (adiilt)  

Theopliilus  S  of  Tlieopb:  &  Catharine  Jvory 
Nathan'.  S  of  Nath'  &  Anna  Lord  —    — 

John  S  of  I^richael  &  Relief  Gill  _    _ 

Anuah  D  of  John  ^'  Sarah  ^\'Ilitamore  —  — 
Aniiah  D  of  Stephen  &  Mary  Kidder  —  — 
Abiol  D.  of  Jo.seph  &  _    _ 

iMaiy  D  of  W"  Story  (jun')  &  Mary  —  _ 
Jofeph  S  of  Jofoph  &  Katharine  Everton  — 
Kanaah  D  of  \\'1  &  Hannah  Hurry  —    — 

Elizabeth  D  of  John  &  Grace  Eades  —  — 
Samuel  S  of  Edward  &  :\Laiy  Larkin       —    — 

Richard  S  of  Jn°  &  Annah  --    

Anne  D  of  Jonathan  &  Sarah  ffomick  —  — 
John  S  of  Nathaniel  &  Elizalieth  Webber  — 
Efther  D  of  Thomas  &  Euher  ffrothincrham  — 
Sar;m  D  of  m^  Richard  &  Parnel  ffoster  —    — 

]iLURRlAGE3. 

—  Page  283  — 

Bi^5^ftn^■~^!i^^'^°l^^  PPI^'-'^'^S?  ™^'-^  '^  *^'3  ^o"'^'  ^^e  on  pa-es  283-2S7,  both  inclu- 
16  f7m  r^tw'^r  ^^'  "'"o^^r-.  ^^''^'^'^  -^'"'■^'^''-  The  Et-cord  or-  Baptisms,  ceasing  Nov. 
16,  i  /Ol,  at  the  foot  o.  page  2b2,  is  resumed  at  the  top  of  page  2J1,  Nov.  30,  1701.] 

Names  of  psons  Married  by  me  Cli:  Morton 
at  Charles  Town. 


iDows 
Wilfon 
Fofdick 
Shep^py 

Ead3 

Lord 

Ruey. 

Jvory. 

Lord 

Gill 

Whitamore 

Kidder 

V»'hitamore 

Story 

Everton, 

Hurry 

Eade3. 

Larkin 

Frothingha 

Fofdick 

Webber 

Frothingh. 

Foster. 


10 


11 


15 


21 


31 


16  88 


gave  an  ExhortacGn  at  y '  marriage  of  Dan :  smiths 
Negro  Mingo  &  m'  Soley  Negro  JM-  Graves 
Married  them.|  y'  Like" Exhort:  -iven  at  m' 
Ruffels -who  married  a  Couple.  (  M*^  Walters  & 
Tviddow  of  Boston  nuuried  by  me  Testi- 
mony of  publicatina  by  \\uh\  "W^Lliiaras. 
Sam?on  2^.Ioore  &  Elizal^eth  Matsom  of  Boston, 
I  their  pubhcacGu  Testilyed  by  I'ob'.  Williams 
j  John  Hall  of  Medford  &  Jemimah  Gill  of  Cam- 
bridgj  publ:  testifyed  by  John  Green '&  John 
I     Bradshaw. 

Charles  Chambers  &  Rebecca  patefield  of  Charles 
Town.  Their  publicacun  testifyed  by  Andi-ew 
Belcher  &  John  patefield 


12  'Cap*.   Ephraim  Savage  of  Bofton  &  Elizabeth) 
j     Sinims  Widdow  of  Charles  Town,  Their  pub- 'v- 

!     hcation  Teftifyed  by  Robert  Williams  \ 

12  : Samuel Matrock  of  Bofton,  &  Ann  :\[archDau^h-. 
t-r  to  y'  ■^Viddow  Daduy  of  Charles  Town,  ' 
Thcb  pubiicacoa  Teitiived  by  Robert  Wil- 
I    hams. 


Walters 

Moore 

HaU 

Cliambers 

Savage 
Mattoci 


\  1875.]  Jlecord-Book  of  the  First  Church  in  Charhstovin,         71 


ic 


1088 


~  Page  283  {Concluded^.  — 

Robert  price  &  Haun.ili  Chanler  both  of  Bof-  ^ 
ton,  Tlieir  publication  Testifycd  by  Kobert  \- 
Williams.  y 

Juiiu  Teiiuuy  &  Sarah  Atkins  both  of  Bofton]  > 
their  publication  Testifycd  by  Kobert  Williams  | 


price 
Tenney 


Married. 


Pajre  284  • 


month 
4 

Day 
14 

26 

5 

6 

7 

11 

13 

S[?J 

10 

31 

1 

10 

13 

14 

12 

27 

16 

89 



David  Jennour  &  Mabel  Paiffell  both  of  Charles'^ 

ToAvn;  publication  Testifyed  by  James  Ruf- S 

fell  Efq'  j 

Robert  wicr  &  Elizabeth  D.  of  John  fowie  both' 

of    Charles  Town;  publication  Testifyed  by' 

John  fowie  ' 

William  ffrost  of  Newton  Bufhel  in  Devon  Jn^ 

England  8:  Efther   [?]  Loe  [?]  of  Charles 

tovru  publifhed  at  Cliarlcs  Town  ' 

John  Georg  &  Hilary  y°  Daughter  of  John  Lowden  ^. 

Deceased,  pubhshed  at  Charlestown 
John  Ketle  Jun:  &  Abigail  Daughter  of  Richard  ' 

Austin  both  of  Charles  Town  &  publi?bcd  there 
Benjamin  pierce  &  Mary  Read  both  of  AVouburn ' 

&  publifhed  there  were  this  Day  married  by  ! 

by  me  at  Charles  Town  ' 

Joseph  jNIaylem  of  Bofton  &  Hannah  D.  of  wid- '' 

dow  ELing  of  Charles  Town 
Edward  Larkin  &  Mary  Walker  both  of  Charles ' 

Town 
Xathaoiell  Brigden  &  Eliz :  Wauf  both  of  Charles ' 

Town 
Jofhua  Let  &  Mary  Engs  both  of  Bofton        — ' 
Georg  Townsend  &  Rebecca  Coudrey  of  C  T  — 


jJennour 
IWier 

ffrost 

Grcorge 
Ketle. 

pierce. 

Maylem 
Larkin 

Brigden 

Let. 
Townsend. 


Thomas 


Edward  Thomas  &  Elizabeth  Winslow  both  of 

Bofton 
Nathaniel  Bachelor  of  Hamton  & 

Elizabeth  Bathelour 
Knill  vid  of  Carles  Town 


montli  Day 
29 


10 


Married        —  Page  285  — 

Richard  Martyn  &  Edmonds  Yid    both  of  |^ 

C  T.-  pu1)Ufhed  at  Charles  Town  ) 

Barnabas  Cooke  &  Goodwin     both  of  Cam- ) 

bridg  pubUf  bed  at  Cambridg,  Testifycd  by  [ 
Chriltopher  Goodwin  '  "  ) 


Martyn. 


Cooke 


16921. 


10 


Joseph  Austin  &  Elizabeth  pits  both  of  Charles-") 
town  (being  y'  next  day  after  y'  pubhcation  > 
of  an  Act  to  Jmpower  minifters  to  marry)        ) 

John  Crawford  of  Liverpool  in  LancaOuer  in  "1 
England  be  longing  to  y"  London  mercht  of 

W^^  James  Thomas  is  master &  Mary  Al- 

ford  widdow  of  Charles  Town pubhcacOn 

Testifycd  by  Mary  mold  &  Jame  Miller. 


Austin 


Crawford 


72         Record-JBoohof  the  First  Qhv.rclt  in  Charlestoii'vi.     [Jan. 


10 


11 

1093 


rW^ard 


12 


lb 


—  Page  285  (CondndccT).  — 

'•^olin  Eclifk  Schoolmaster  Chebacca  (alias  fTji'-)  ' 

wich  farms)   &  Ivlarv  Pioir.tinn  ol'   Cambrul;^  1^  jEvelitli 
farmos — pal.licncOn  Tc-stifvi'd  \,y  Divers  j);ont  )  I 

Robert  Ward  of  VoUall  in  fiv'.a'.i'l  boLoin'ir'-^  to-v  | 
y"  Xone.suoh  frii;at;  Ami  3fnr;iarct  itcacliic  of  ' 
Ciiaric*  To-.vn,  puWi.MtKvo  'J'c<tifycd  by  Eli:i!?{ 
Stone  &  othors  jrt^onl: — G  ^  I 

Tbo'iia?  S-^uu  of  liockf-liiiry  &  prudence  Wade")  | 
of  I\ledt'ord  Testiiyed  by  many  p'sent  at  ]MIs-  >-  jSwan 
tick     5  '  )  j 

Thomas  Fiarbcr  &  y'  Tviddov/   Ilanua   Stedman)  ; 
both  of  Chailos  Tov/n  Tc.-tifyed  by  Jonathan  y  Barber 
Gary  &  Jacob  Hurd     o  }  I 

William  Crush.  &  EHzalioth  Gold  -tvid'low,  both^  i 
of  Woobuni,  pubLilhud  accunliny  to  Law  as  r  Brufli 
Testifycd  by  E[i]ii'ain\  Bu<-k  Constal;lo  3         )  i 
ijonathau  iHmster  iNb  Dchora  Wade  both  of  )  [ 

I     pullifhed  acconlinj:  to  Law,  as  Tcstityed  by  V  Dimster 
I     divers  p'sent  at  iP'Wades  of  Mcdiord     3         )  j 
(jeoro;  Xewby  &Elizabcl.h  fox,  both  of  Boftou)  ; 
puBlifhod  accord:  to  Law — Testifyed  hy  Eob:  >  iXewby. 
Wiuiams.    iJ  y  | 

Ijcuiamin  Gciu-y  .Sc  xlbioiail  Goold  both  of  Charles     i 
lown 

publication  Testi-  f  Sannicl  &  marv  Lomen      7  '/-.r      •  t 
fyed  by  \  Daniel  &  Sai-ah  Lawrence  1 1  ^L=^'^^i°J 

1693.  —  Page  286  — 

July  3.     Can-ied  in  to  M'  Sami^el  plups  y'  10  weddings  precedent 
to  have  thorn  Registered — &  pd — 2'.  C '. 


15 


I    ■    n 


Sept 
Oct: 


May 


Nov: 

i 

91 

Jan 

2 

1694 

Apr 

12 

21   jEleazer  Dous  f;  Mary  Edmonds  both  of  Charles-  )  j 
■     town   publ:    according  to   Law,    Tes'.    Cajj'.  V  j 

Sprague  &3  ) 

24  Ijoseph  Son  of  Joseph  Richcson — &  Mary  D.  of  .  j 
Samuel  Blockhead — Both  of  W'oborn. — Then* ,'  ' 


Dows 


Legall  pubiicacon  Testifyed  by  Jo.  iah  parker  C  \ 
&  John  CoL'an  ^  \ 


Illcheson 


John  Edmond*  &  Sar:ui  D.  of  John  Blaney  both  } 


:-  Etknonds 


'Macvperry 


of  Charles  ToAvn — Testifyed  by  Divers  p'sent  ) 
Archibald  I\Iacqucrry  of  Lafine  in  Scotland  icx 
S:;r-.di  D.  of  Riihard  Lowdenof  Chai'les  Town  ' 
— Legull  publicnlion  Testifyed  by  Richard.  ( 
y°  s'^  Sarahs  father  (ol  '  ^ 

Xathanael  frrthirigham  &  Hannah  Rand  both  of)  j 

Charles  Town — publication  Testifyed  by  pa- >  ifrothingh* 
rent?  presi-'Ct  )  j 

Samuel  Kcile  \'  ^lary  frothiuLdiam  widJo\7  bcth  )  j 
I     of  Charles  Town — jiubUcaeGn  teftiiy'  by  manv  -  Ivettle. 
i     p^*ont  "  '  '  ^  ! 

11  jCamed  ia  to  ^.P  Samuel  phips  for  Regifrra  the 
j     sbc  weddings  above  mentioned,  pd  1'  C' 


May  I  24  jWii'iafa  WeL>ted.   &  Katharine   Long  Ix.th   of^[,^,,^^, 
j         I     Charles  Town,  Tvstlfyed  by  Divers  pvcscat  0)1  ''^^-^^ 
[To  be  continued.] 


1875.]  The  Old  English  Church  in  Canton,  Mass.  73 


THE  OLD  ENGLISH  CllUllCII  IN  CAXTOX,  MASS. 

I3y  U.  T.  V.  HiTi-rooK. 

r|"^lIE  liousc  which  was  consumed  by  fire  in  Canton  on  Sunday 
X  morning,  September  13,  1874,  possessed  a  history  totally  dif- 
ferent in  its  aspect  and  bearings  from  any  other  building  in  the 
town.  Its  history  was  almost  complete  a  hundred  years  ago  ;  its 
work  was  nearly  accuuiplishcd  before  the  breaking  out  of  the  revo- 
lutionary war ;  and  when  that  great  political  storm  arose,  the  first 
mutterings  of  which  were  heard  within  the  walls  of  "  Doty's  Tavern," 
growing  in  strength  as  it  proceeded,  it  swept  across  the  country  like 
a  tornado  and  overthrew  in  its  irresistible  progress  very  many  of  the 
early  episcopal  churches  then  existing  in  the  country.  The  Canton 
(theu  Sroughton)  church  was  among  the  first  to  fall.  The  reasons 
for  its  <lisniemberment  were  twofold  :  first,  its  own  inherent  wcak- 
iiCcS  ;  ^^.;cundIy,  the  unwillingness  of  most  of  its  members  to  approve 
the  po[)uiar  Tucasurcs  taken  by  the  mass  of  the  inhabitants  to  pro- 
cure a  separation  from  the  mother  country.  In  other  words,  they 
were  tories.  Of  course  this  assertion  does  not  apply  to  all.  There 
viGVQ  individual  members  of  the  episcopal  church  in  Xew-England 
who  were  bold  and  outspoken  in  the  cause  of  independence  ;  but  the 
communicants,  as  a  body,  deemed  their*  allegiance  to  Great  Britain  as 
paramount  to  any  other  political  considerations.  In  this  they  were 
a  peculiar  people.  No  other  sect  gave  the  patriots  of  the  re%'olatioQ 
fio  much  trouble,  as  "  the  church  "  people,  and  in  no  denomination 
were  there  so  many  tories. 

Nevertheless,  old  things  have  passed  away;  old  prejudices  have 
worn  ofi :  and  it  is  pleasant  to  recall  some  facts  connected  with  the 
past,  long  after  the  heat  of  the  controversy,  and  the  battle,  is  over. 
'J.  he  animusities  of  our  great-grandfathers  and  great-grandmothers 
are  buried  with  the  dust  that  covers  them.  Our  ancestors  w-ere  the 
victors,  we  can  afford  to  be  generous.  The  dutiful  servants  of  the 
king  v.ere  in  many  cases  driven  from  their  homes  and  firesides,  and 
gought  in  some  more  congenial  clime,  a  refuge,  where  their  opiniona 
would  be  respected,  and  their  past  sufferings  looked  upon  with  ten- 
derness and  sympathy.  The  relics  they  have  left  behind  them  in  the 
county  of  Norfolk  are  few.  Sometimes  we  see  an  old  house,  whose 
funiu'T  ow-ner  was  reputed  a  tory.  Marvellous  stories  are  told  of  the 
number  of  guns  he  had,  and  the  desperate  resistance  he  made  wlicn 
he  was  arrested  and  conveyed  to  prison.  But  the  old  church  is  the 
central  point  of  interest. 

The  Taunton  old  road  passes  Doty's  Tavern,  where  the  first  Suffolk 
county  congress  was  held  a  century  ago,  crosses  Doty's  Plain,  and 
ascends  Cherry  Hill,  on  the  top   of  whichj   wirhin  the  memory  of 

VOL.   XXLS.  7 


74  The  Old  English  Church  in  Cajiton,  Mass.         [Jan. 

many  of  us,  stood  Cherry  Tavern.  A  few  rods  further  on  it  crossea 
at  riglit  angles  the  nortlicrly  hnc  of  the  reservation  of  six  tliousand 
acres  procured  by  the  Kcv.  John  Eliot  from  the  town  of  Dorchcf^ter 
for  the  Ponkipo-  Indians.  The  road  soon  after  enters  the  village 
of  Ponkipog,  which  remains  to-day  almost  as  it  did  at  the  time  of 
v,-hieh  we  are  writing  :  one  or  two  houses  ha^'C  been  built,  and  one 
or  two  have  tumbled  or  been  pulled  down  ;  but  tiie  number  of  build- 
ings and  the  population  remain  substantially  the  same. 

The  liedman  Farm,  upon  which  the  first  white  child  in  Stoughton 
was  born,  has  changed  more  than  any  other  spot.  The  present~'j)ro- 
prietor,  the  Hon.  Henry  L.  Pierce,  has  beautified  and  adonied  the 
old  ''Ponkipog  Hotel,"  cultivated  and  enriched  the  adjacent  fields,  and 
now  it  is  one  of  the  most  charming  retreats  in  all  the  county.  Here  we 
take  the  right  hand  road,  and  in  a  short  time  v/e  see  on  a  side-hill  a 
deserted  burying  ground.  It  is  very  small ;  not  more  than  fifty  or 
sixty  feet  on  the  road,  and  it  runs  back  to  the  brow  of  the  hill.  You 
open  the  iron  gate,  enter,  and  stand  witlun  the  enclosure  known  as 
the  English  churchyard.  The  path,  if  path  there  ever  was,  has  long 
since  been  choked  with  weeds,  and  the  nink  grass  grows  in  profu° 
eion  over  the  graves.  The  stones  are  half  covered  with  ivy  and 
creeping  vines,  and  you  discern  through  moss-covered  letters  the 
well-known  names  of  those  who  w  ere  once  connected  with  the  busy 
life  of  our  old  town. 

One  portion  of  this  lot  has  been  in  use,  or,  as  the  old  record  has 
it,   "improved  for  a    binying  ground,"  much  longer  than  the  rest. 
For  nearly  fifty  years  before  the  part  nearest  the  public  way  was 
deeded  as  a  site  for  the  church,  the  back  part,  or  the  portion  nearest 
the  brow  of  the  hill,  had  been  owned  by  certain  proprietors,  havino- 
no  connection  -with  the  Church  of  England.     Persons  were  interred 
here  as  early  as  1710,  and  we  have  every  reason  to  believe  that  it 
is  the  oldest  place  of  burial  in  Canton.     When  the   Church  people 
ca  lie  into  possession  of  the  adjoining  lot,  the  two  grave  yards  were 
merged,  and  hence  here  sleep  side  by  side  patriots  and  to'ries  ;   there 
is  no  divasion  now.     The  staunch  patriot    Captain  ^YiUiam  Bent, 
long  proprietor  of  the  "  Eagle  Inn,"  who  much  to  the  wonder  of  his 
astonished   family,   would    finish   his   dinner  before  girdin"-  on  his 
sword,  reposes  in  the  same  yard  with  Edward  Taylor,  the  notorious 
and  loud-mouthed  tory  of    Ponkipog.     The  good   old   deacon    of 
Dunbar's  chiurch  lies  near  the  wai-den  of  the  English  church.    Here 
is  an  old  stone  which  has  fallen  to  pieces,  and  some  kindly  hand  has 
set  it  up  against  the  wall.     It  bears  the  old  familiar  name  of  Puffer. 
Herein  the  northeast  corner  is  a  rough  stone  with  no  inscription,  and 
not  far  away  is  a  monument  of  modern  manufacture  with  this  inscription  : 
"  Near  this  spot  lie  the  remains  of  Samuel   Spare  and  wife  who  came 
from  Devonshire,  England,  in  1735,  and  was  tlie  first  settler  of  this  name 
knovrn  in  Nep^-England.     He  was  active  in  the  church  formerly  near  this 
lot.     He  died  July  b,  1768,  aged  85  years." 


1875.]        The  Old  English  Church  in  Canton,  Mass.  75 

At  the  back  part  of  the  enclosure,  near  the  crest  of  the  hill,  there 
is  a  slight  depros.sion,  ^vhcre  apparently  no  graves  have  been  made, 
and  tradition  points  to  this  as  the  exact  spot  where  stood  "  y'  Eng- 
litilie  Church." 

The  flr.st  attempt  to  gather  an  Episcopal  Church  in  Canton  uas 
underlak-n  by  tlic  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in 
Foreign  Parts.  The  work  was  of  a  missionary  nature.  The  Kever- 
end  Timothy  Cutler,  tlie  firstrector  of  Christ  Churcli,  Boston,  was  an 
authorized  missionary  of  this  society  above  mentioned,  and  he  was 
indefatigable  in  his  exertions  to  buiki  up  churches  throughout  ]\las- 
eachusetts.  Among  others,  the  sister  church,  St.  Paul's,  then 
known  as  Christ  church,  Dedham,  was  founded  by  him  in  1758. 
ISlr.  Cutler  preached  in  Canton  ;  and  the  tradition,  erroneous  though 
it  })C,  tliat  the  fee-simple  of  the  land  on  which  the  church  stood  was 
formerly  in  possession  of  Christ  church,  Boston,  would  go  far  to 
establish  the  fact  of  Mr.  Cutler's  early  connection  with  the  enterprise. 

On  April  22,  1754,  a  good  pious  soul,  Jonathan  Kenny  by  name, 
of  Stoughton,  "  In  consideration  of  promoting  the  honor  of  Almighty 
Gud,  and  in  the  interest  of  the  Chm'ch  of  England  as  by  law  estab- 
li-licd,  pnd  for  the  better  accommodation  of  tlie  professors  of  that 
holy  religion,"  deeded  to  the  '' Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the 
Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts  incorporated  by  a  royal  charter  and  to  their 
euccessors  for  ever,"  the  plat  of  ground  upon  which  the  church  for- 
merly stood,  to  be  used  "  for  a  situation  for  a  church  for  the  v.'orship 
of  God  according  t.)  the  laws  and  usages  of  the  Church  of  England 
by  law  established,"  and ''for  a  cemetery,  or  burying-place  for  the 
dead."  This  deed  was  signed  and  sealed  in  the  presence  of  Eben- 
ezer  Miller,  inter  alios,  which  leads  us  to  believe  that,  whatever 
advice  or  encouragement  Dr.  Cutler  might  have  given,  far  greater 
credit  belongs  to  the  Eev.  Ebenezer  Miller,  D.D.,  of  Braintree, 
who,  if  not  the  framer  and  designer  of  the  work,  supplemented  and 
encouraged  it ;  and  diuring  his  life  was  its  warm  and  zealous  friend, 
aiding  it.  by  his  wise  counsels,  and  defending  it  with  his  -s-igorous  and 
powerful  logic  from  the  assaults  of  its  enemies  and  the  machinations 
of  its  foes. 

The  building  of  the  church  was  begun  soon  after  the  passing 
of  the  deed  of  the  land,  and  was  probably  completed  about  1755. 
Previous  to  its  erection,  the  Church  people  who  desired  to  worship 
Go<l  in  their  own  way,  were  obliged  to  go  over  rough  roads  either 
to  Boston  or  Quincy ;  thereby  making 'themselves  liaide  to  arrest 
by  the  tithlngman.  for  going  to  a  meeting  "not  allowed  by  law." 

Dr.  Ebenezer  ^liller  was  the  second  son  of  Samuel  Miller,  of 
!Milton.  lie  was  born  on  Milton  Hill  in  1703,  was  fitted  for  col- 
lege by  the  Rev.  Peter  Thatcher,  the  good  old  parson  of  his  native 
town,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  the  year  1722, 
He  commenced  the  study  of  divinity  immediately  after  leaving  col- 
lege, and  vras  anxious  to  become  a  minister  of  the  Clmrch  of  Eng- 


76  The  Old  English  Church  in  Canton,  Mass.         [Jan. 

land.     Tlic  vicinity  of  Braiutrce  (now  Quincy)  to  liis   home,    gave 
liiin  the  advuntuges  of  an  acquaintance  with  the  churchmen  of  tiiat 
place ;  and  when  lie  saw  that  here,  in  the  very  spot  where  the  first 
missionary  labor  in  ]Massachu.5Ctt3  Bay  had  been  commciiccd  })y  the 
Venerable  Society,  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century  before,   the  work 
WJis    l.tiling,    he  was  easily   induced  by  his   brethren  to  proceed  to 
England  and  to  procure  ordination,   tliere   being  at  that  time  no 
bishop  in  America.     He  accordingly  went  to  England,  and   in  due 
time  was  ordained  as  deacon,  and  priest,  by  Edmund,  Lord  Bi.-ljop 
of  London.     The  same  year,  1727,  he  received  the  degree  of  master 
of  arts,  and  in  1747  that  of  doctor  in  theology,    from   the  Oxford 
University.     While  in  London  he  was  chaplain"  to  the  Duke  of  Bol- 
ton.    Several  members  of  the  church  in  Braintree  wrote  to   Gen. 
Nicholson,  during  the  latter  part  of  the  year  172G,  and  represented 
that    they  had  met    with  many  hardships  from   their  independent 
neighbors  and  from  tlie  government.     They  desire  that  the   liev. 
Mr.  Mdlcr  maybe  sent  over  as  soon  as  possible,  and,  until  he  comes, 
they  see  no  prospect  of  relief  from  their  sufferings.     They  say  ''lla 
is  well  beloved  in  these  i)arts,  and  they  belie\e  that  if  he  will  come 
back  to    them,  they    shall    have  a    nnmerous    congregation."     ]\Ir. 
Miller  accordingly  went  to  Braintree  and  settled  there,  and  continued 
preaching  to  the  people  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  February, 
1763.     He  was  well  educated,  and  well  versed  in  the  history  and 
doctrines  of  liis  Church ;  and  not  afraid  to  meet,  in  public  polemic 
discussion,  Parson  Dunbar  of  the  First  Church,  who  accused  liim 
of  having  been  sent  by  his  superiors  to  ''foment  disturbances"  and 
"cause  divisions  "  among  the  chm-ehes  of  Xew-England,  and,  "  by 
promoting  Episcopacy,  to  increase  the  politiccd  influence   of  the 
crown."     We  have  every  reason  to  believe  that  Mr.  ]Miller  was  AveU 
qualified  to  build  up  a  poor  and  tottering  church   in  the  wilds  of 
America.     His  death  was  a  great  loss  to  the  Httle  cono-ren-ation  at 
Canton.     Being  geographically  nearer  them  :han  any  other  ordained 
clergyman,  he  divided  his  parochial  labors  betweeia  them  and  the 
worshippers  at  Dedham,  and  when  he  died,  St.  Paul's  also  suffered. 
"He  feared  God  and  honored  the  King." 

After  the  deatii^of  the  Rev.  Dr.  iMiller,  the  Rev.  Henry  Caner, 
D.D.,  rector  of  King's  Chapel,  Boston,  became  interested  in  the 
Canton  church.  At  this  time  the  church  was  very  small,  consisting- 
of  only  eighteen  families  :  but  ]\Ir.  Caner  was  so  pleased  with  the 
appearance  of  the  congregation,  and  their  worth  and  honesty,  that 
he  did  all  in  his  power  to  assist  them,  and  highly  recommended  them 
to  the  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts, 
as  deserving  of  its  aid  and  compassion. 

In  1765,  the  number  of  the  families  in  Canton  in  the  church  "  pro- 
fession," amounted  to  about  twenty,  the  communicants  eighteen.  In 
Dedham  and  its  neighborhood,  there  were  not  more  than  ten  families 
that  belonged  to  the  church,  and  only  eleven  communicants.     Statis- 


1875.]        27^6  Old  English  Church  in  Canton,  3fass.  77 

tically,  then,  it  would  appear  that  the  Canton  mission  was  in  advance 
of  that  in  Dedham, 

The  Rev.  Edward  Winslow  succeeded  tlic  llev.  Mr.  jNIdlcr  in 
Braintrce,  and  the  inande  of  ilic  laiter  fell  gracefully  upon  him. 
lie  was  dissatisfied  at  the  small  congreirations  which  greeted  hiiii  at 
Dedhaui  and  Canton  on  Sundays,  and  devised  a  plan  by  wliich  lie 
could  secure  a  good  audience.  He  preached  alternately  at  both 
places.  The  distance  was  not  great,  and  the  attendance,  especially 
in  Dedham,  was  mortifyingly  small.  He  therefore  advised  the  mem- 
bers of  the  two  churches  to  unite  and  attend  together  as  one  congre- 
gatiou.  This  proposition  was  readily  consented  to,  and  immediately 
))ut  in  practice,  and  by  this  device  a  good  congregation  was  obtained 
in  both  churches.  Services  were  held  in  each  place  once  a  month, 
as  lon<i"  as  good  weather  permitted  ;  but  during  the  winter  months 
the  travelling-  M'as  so  bad  that  service  was  entirely  discontinued. 
The  salary  the  worthy  man  received  was  barely  enough  to  pay  his 
expenses  ;  but  he  had  every  reason  to  believe  that  the  numbers  of 
the  congregation  would  increase,  and  hoped  that  their  abilities  and 
di^puaitions  to  continue  a  regular  service  would  enlarge  correspond- 
ingly. 

In  1767,  through  the  influence  of  Mr.  Winslow,  a  lay-reader  was 
procured  for  the  two  towns.  This  was  the  llev.  William  Clark,  He 
was  bornin  Danvers,  August  2,  1740,  O.  S.,  and  received  his  degree 
at  Harvard  in  1759.  His  father,  the  Rev.  Peter  Clark,  was  a  Con- 
gregatiouaiist  clergyman,  and  young  Chirk  studied  for  the  ministry 
in  the  same  denomination.  On  July  19,  1767,  having  conformed 
to  the  Church  of  England,  and  become  a  candidate  for  holy  orders, 
lie  performed  divine  service  in  Canton  for  the  first  time,  but  his  resi- 
dence was  still  in  Dedham.  Mr.  Winslow  occasionally  preached. 
Mr.  Clark  officiated  alternately  in  Dedham  and  Canton  until  Octo- 
ber 23,  1768,  when  he  sailed  for  England.  In  London,  December 
seventeenth,  he  subscribed  to  the  articles  ;  the  following  day  wa^ 
ordained  to  the  office  of  deacon  by  the  bishop  of  London,  and  on 
the  twenty-first  of  the  same  month  he  was  ordained  priest.  lie  was 
appointed  by  the  Venerable  Society  to  go  to  Dedham  :  from  there  he 
came  to  Canton  to  reside,  Xovember  29,  1770.  This  young  gentle- 
man entered  upon  his  labors  under  great  difficulties.  In  the  first  place, 
he  was  only  twenty-seven  years  of  age ;  he  had  recently  otfered 
himself  as  a  candidate  for  holy  orders  ;  and  here  his  first  labor  in 
the  episcopal  church  was  to  begin.  To  this  youth  and  want  of  ex- 
perience was  added  a  physical  infirmity.  He  was  very  deaf;  so 
deaf  that  it  was  believed  to  be  impossible  to  cure  him. 

He  came  up  to  this  work  manfully.  ''He  bore,"  says  one  who 
knew  hini,  "  an  amiable  character,  both  in  respect  to  his  piety  and 
abilities  ;"  and  he  had  need  of  both  ;  for  his  predecessor  had  left 
him  as  a  legacy  an  old  quarrel  with  Parson  Dunbar,  who  had  exhi- 
bited an  unfriendly  temper  towards  the  English  church,  for  vvhich  ^Ir« 

VOL.  XXIX.  7* 


78  The  Old  English  Church  in  Canton,  Mass.  [Jan. 

"Winslow  say3  he  had  long  been  remarkable.  ]Mr,  Danbarhad  taken 
exceptions  to  the  number  ^Nlr.  'W'insluw  had  reported  as  belonging-  to 
his  church,  and  the  latter  was  obliged  to  make  out  a  certificate,  and 
■with  his  wardens  attecC  the  exact  number  of"  tho.se  profeosin"-  las 
faith.  We  may  believe  Mr.  AVinsluw  when  he  says  that  ''  it  had 
been  his  endeavor  to  lead  his  members  to  cultivate  a  friendly,  as 
well  as  cautious  temper  toward  their  dissenting  neighbors,  but  he 
had  not  succeeded  ;  "  and  the  burden  descended  on  Mr.  Clark.  His 
people  were  obliged  to  pay  rates  to  su[)port  preaching  at  the  congre- 
gational church,  in  the  same  proportion  as  if  they  attondod  that 
worship.  From  one  reason  and  another,  his  congregation  becrnn  to 
drop  away.  On  June  24,  1771,  he  moved  his  household  goods  back 
to  the  parsonage  in  Dodham,  but  continued  to  preach  here  until  t)ie 
thirteenth  of  December,  1772.  On  that  day  he  preached  what  he 
supposed  at  the  time  to  be  his  farewell  sermon,  but  the  Venerable 
Society  in  London  disapproved  of  his  suspending  his  usual  attend- 
ance upon  the  church  in  Canton,  and  he  continued  to  preach  here 
one  Sunday  in  a  month,  and,  as  late  as  1775,  administered  the  sac- 
rament after  three  years  intermission.  In  1773,  the  Canton  church 
was  discnnnected  from  the  church  in  Dedham,  and  three  years  after, 
on  the  eleventh  of  June,  177(),  it  being  the  festival  of  St.  Barnabas, 
the  members  of  the  Stougliton  church  met  for  the  last  time,  and 
ha%T.ng  been  reminded  of  their  duties  by  their  pastor,  elected  ]Mr. 
John  Spare  and  ]Mr.  Henry  Crane  to  serve  them  as  wardens  until 
the  following  Laster. 

The  following  extracts  from  a  letter  \mtten  by  Mr.  Clark  in  April, 
1774,  to  the  society  in  London,  will  throw  additional  light  upon  the 
closing  years  of  his  work  in  Canton. 

"  And  now  lam  able  to  acquaiut  the  society,  that  I  have  used  my  utmost 
endeavor^  to  briog  the  Stoughton  people  to  their  usual  attendance  on  my 
ministry  in  the  church  there,  according  to  command  laid  on  me  to  attend 
my  duty  there.  ^  I  have  visited  several,  and  wrote  to  them  all  in  the 
most  condescending  and  constraining  terms,  otiering  my  services  there  as 
usual,  if  they  would  but  attend  their  duty  and  drop  all  matters  of  conten- 
tion, though  I  have  not  received  a  farth'ing  of  their  ministerial  taxes  for 
more  than  two  years  past.  I  think  I  might  in  justice  have  insisted  on  their 
making  payment,  but  as  I  have  never  made  any  difference  about  that 
in  all  my  converse  with  diat  people,  I  have  not  thought  it  proper  to  be'rin 
now.  ° 

"  My  offers  above  mentioned  have  been  treated  with  ne-dect  and  con- 
tempt. Those  few  whoui  I  have  represented  as  better  disposed  to  peace 
and  good  order,  yet  refuse  to  attend  in  that  church,  as  they  say  it  drives 
greater  occasion  of  oi%«y  to  tho>e  without,  because  the  schismaticaf  and 
refractory  behaviour  of  their  brethren  in  withdrawing  becomes  more  open 
and  notorious.  But  they  promise  tliey  will  attend  on  my  ministry  at  Ded- 
ham, a"  '^""  "  ■"'  ■' '"  

in  the 

as  the  

disaffected  members  ?  who  meet  together  at  a  private  house,  and  have  set 


1875.]         The  Old  English  Church  in  Canton,  Mass.  79 

up  a  Reader  of  tlieir  own,  being  equally  disaffected  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  V/ins- 
\o\\    (whose  church  is  next  iR'arest)  as  to  mine. 

"  In  a  few-  words  then,  this  difference  began  in  a  dispute  between  two  of 
my  Parishioners,  there  b.-iiii^'  tlie  niis.-ippliration  of  atrifling  sum  of  money, 
committed  from  one  to  the  other  for  a  j.ublio  use.  As  1  certaiidy  knew 
which  was  in  the  wrong,  I  sj.oke  of  it  with  the  most  honest  and  upright 
design,  in  hopes  my  word  would  have  put  an  end  to  the  dispute  (as  it  cer- 
tainly ought  to  have  done),  instead  of  that  I  undesignedly  and  quite  un- 
expectedly otU'.nded  the  person  against  whom  my  "evidence  went,  who 
from  that  time  forward,  has  treated  me  with  groat  abuse  and  malignity,  and 
the  first  time  I  had  opportunity  to  discourse  with  him  I  endeavoured  'with 
laeokness  to  convince  him  that  he  had  been  mistaken  (as  he  is  .--enerally 
known  to  be  a  very  forgetful  man),  but  he  flatly  gave  me  the  Lie,  and  treat- 
ed me  with  reviling  hmguage,  which  I  pass  over. 

'■'This  man  soon  got  a  number  to  join  him,  and  the  enemies  of  our  church 
arouiKl  us,  who  are  very  numerous,  were  busy  to  foment  the  difference,  and 
EC  the  contest  began,  and  proceeded  from  one  thing  to  another  whirh  would 
be  very  morritying  to  mention. 

"I  wish  never  to  have  any  thing  more  to  say  upon  so  disagreeable  a 
subject.  ° 

^^in  the  year  17G7  I  was  called  to  officiate  among  them  as  a  Reader 
mid  a  candidate  for  Holy  orders,  where  I  continued  till  the  middle  of  Octo- 
ber, 1/08,  when  I  sailed  for  England,  in  which  time  I  saw  the  great  need 
they  had  of  a  resident  minister,— their  unanimous  importunity  prevailed 
j^ith  me  to  pass  by  better  offers.  I  collected  money  for  my  expenses  to 
l.ng  and,  from  my  own  little  patrimonial  estate,  with  which  I  paid  the 
whole  expense  of  my  voyage  and  residence  in  London  without  a  farthing's 
assistance  except  the  Royal  Bounty  and  one  vioidure  from  a  person  nil- 
known.  In  London,  being  the  winter  season,  I  was  obli-ed  so  stay  ju^t 
live  months,  when,  soon  after  my  ordination,  I  was  seized  with  the  'small- 
pox and  brought  to  death's  door  (which  was  very  distressing  as  well  as 
very  expensive  to  me).  I  recovered  and  returned  home  in^'june,  17C9. 
Ihe  whole  expense  of  my  voyage  being  about  £80  of  my  own  personal 
property,  and  though  my  people  received  me  kindly,  I  soon  found  I  had  all 
the  malevolence  of  fanatical  bigotry  to  encounter  (and  indeed  a  youn- 
man  must  have  much  courage  who  enters  on  a  new  mission  in  this  country)" 
but  I  carefully  avoided  the  shafts  of  mine  enemies.  But  they  soon  found 
mtaas  to  warp  the  affections  of  some  of  my  people,  and  laid  the  foundation 
T^JT^^K  I  S^eva'ices,  in  which  few  know  how  great  and  unjust  a 
tr.tT  1  T  f  •°;  ^^  '^'°'*'  ^  ^^^  ^''^^^  s°°^e  striking  instances  of  in- 
gra  udeandunkindness  from  those  whom  I  had  mos?  obliged.  I  have 
contmued  here  now  almost  five  years.  My  income  is  small-scarcely  able  to 
procure  for  mo  the  necessaries  of  life."  ^ 

From  this  it  appears  that  the  closing  years  of  Mr.  Clark's  mbis- 
trj  were  fraught  with  anxiety  and  trouble.  He  endeavored  con- 
BCientiously  to  discharge  his  duty  tlirough  many  hardships  and  trials 
Twice  he  came  over  from  Dedham  and  found  no  one  to  join  with 
him  in  the  ser^-ice.  Many  a  bitter  cold  mornin-  he  waited  for  over 
an  hour  alone  m  the  church,  before  any  one  came  who  would  unite 
with  him  m  the  exercises  ;  sometimes  he  read  the  service  with  one 
sometimes  t^vo,  three,  or  four  persons,  seldom  more  than  five  or  six  • 


80  The  Old  English  Church  in  Canton,  Mass.         [Jan. 

and  jet  he  lived  further  from  the  church  than  any  of  his  parishion- 
ers     bun  he  worked  on,  and  endeavored  bv  frequent  visits,  mectin-rs 
conferences,  and  discourses,  to  heal  the  ditrlculties  that  had  arisen 
but  in  vam.     Added  to  the  trou]>lcs  uithiii  his  onn  parish,  came" the 
pohtical  agitation;    and   many,   though  thoroughly  respecting   :^Ir 
Uark  persona  ly   were  displeased  with  the  toryism  of  the  Chm-oh  of 
l^ngland  of  which  he  was  the  very  embodiment  and   representative 
He  was  at  heart  a   staunch  royalist.      He  prayed  "That  God  may 
open  the  eyes   of  an  infatuated  and  deluded  people  before  it  be  too 
late    that  they  may  see  how  nearly  tlieir  happiness  is  connected  with 
a  subjection  to  the  King  and  Parliament  of  Great  Britain  " 

In    17/7    while  xAlr.   Clark  Avas   residing  in  Dedham,  his   affairs 
seemed  to  have  reached  a  crisis.     His  church  had  been  used  as  a 
storehouse,  and  his  little  flock  scattered  far  and  wide.     His  name  an- 
peared  on  the  town  records  as  one  unfriendly  to  the  common  cau/e. 
IwoJoyalist  refugees  about  this  time  came  to  him  in  sore  di<tre>^- 
and  begged  that  he  would  inform  them  where  thev  could  find  a  safe 
retreat.      In  reply  to  their  importunities,  he  gave"  them  a  letter  of 
recommendation,   addressed  to  certain  parties  out  of  the  country 
±  or  this  he  was  carried  by  force  to  Boston,  and  arraigned  before  the 
revolutionaiy  tribunal  then  sitting  there.     He  was  denied  the  ri-ht 
ot    counsel       The  tribunal  was   about   to   acquit   him,   but,   before 
doing  so,  desired  him  to  acknowledge  the  independence  of  America 
which  he  absolutely  refused  to  do;  for  he  says  it  is  "contrary  to 
my  Kmg,  my  Country,  and  my  God."     For  this  he  was  condemned 
and  sentenced  to   be  confined  on  board  the  guardship.     His   health 
was  very  much  impaired   by  this  imprisonment.     His  voice  was  so 
affected  that  he  could  hardly  be  understood.     His  hearing  had  never 
improved  from  his  youth  forward,  and  this  speechless  and  deaf  old 
man,  released  and  banished,  sought  in  Ireland  and  England  a  refu-e 
and  a  home,  a  pitiable  object  of  charity  to  all  refugees  whom  he  me't 
He  returned  to  ^ova  Scotia  in   17SG,  and  in  March,  1795,  to  his 
native  state      He   died  in  Quincy  in  1815,  and  is   buried  in  the 
churcnyard  there,  where  a  monument  with  a  Latin  inscription  marks 
ms  final  restmg  place. 

Mr.  Clark  was  the  last  clergyman  that  ever  officiated  at  the  Eno-I^h 
church  m  the  town  of  Canton.  For  some  years  after  his  expatria- 
tion the  parish  organization  connected  with  the  church  may  have 
emouldered.  Air.  Joseph  Aspinwall,  one  of  the  founders  and  stead- 
fast fnends  of  the  church,  was  present  at  a  convention  of  episco- 
pabans  held  m  Boston  in  September,  1785,  and  the  record  shows 
that  he  was  "  deputy  from  Stoughton."  Whether  he  represented  a 
constituency  or  went  of  his  own  will,  is  a  matter  which  probably 
will  always  remain  in  doubt.  There  are  none  araono-  us  in  Canton 
to-day  descended  from  the  original  church  people,°who  hold  the 
laith  of  their  ancestors. 

After  the  close  of  the  revolution  the  church  buildino-  remained 


l^^^']  Transfer  of  Erin.  81 

unused  for  many  years.  It  was  fast  rroin^r  to  decay;  the  simple 
style  of  its  architocfurc  rendered  it  easily  convertible  into  a  house, 
and  the  frame  and  timbers  beinpr  sound,  it  v^-as  purchased  by  ^Ir. 
Adam  Blackman  in  17Sb',  carried  across  the  road  into  the  vallcV,  and 
set  down  by  "■  Aunt  Katy's  r>rook,"  where  it  remained  until  \t  was 
consumed  hy  fire.  Verily,  as  the  Welsh  say,  "  It  is  easier  to  burn 
a  house  than  to  build  one." 

And  so  the  curtain  drops  :  the  old  regime  has  passed  away,  the  end 
of  the  colonial  period  is  reached.  The  names  of  Aspinwall,  Kings- 
bury, Taylor,  Kenney,  Spare,  Curtis,  Liscome,  Shail  and  Creliore, 
are  unknown  among  us  to-day,  save  on  the  tablets  of  mouldering 
gravestones.  ]Morc  tlian  a  century  has  passed.  The  picturesqu? 
cocked  liat  has  been  superseded  by  the  stove-pipe  monstrosity ;  the 
graceful  knee  breeches  have  given  place  to  pantaloons.  Silver  shoe- 
buckles  are  now  only  found  in  the  collection  of  the  antiquary.  The 
coins  they  dropped  into  the  contribution  box,  stamped  with  the  fat 
face  of  tlic  Brunswicker,  serve  only  to  complete  the' collection  of  the 
numismatist.  The  red  cross  of  St.  George  has  given  place  to  the 
stars  and  stripes  ;  and,  finally,  in  our  own  day,  the  English  Church, 
changed  and  transformed,  has  gone  with  the  rest.  We  see  the  ciiild 
at  tljc  font,  the  bride  at  the  altar ;  we  see  the  little  band  of  worship- 
pers, and  strive  to  recall  their  faded  images.  From  the  mist  of 
the  past  their  responses  sound  thin  and  distant,  as  they  reach  us 
through  th.e  intervening  years  ;  and  the  prayer  for  his  ''  Gracious 
Majesty  George  III."  comes  down  to  us  in  such  faint  whispers  th?.i; 
we  almost  doubt  whether  it  was  ever  a  realicy. 


H 


TRAXSFER  OF  ERIN. 

Bj  Thomas  C.  Amosy. 
(Continaed  from  toI.  xxviii.  page  436.) 

EXTIY  YIII.  closed  Iris  feverish  life  and  reign  January  28, 1548, 
J--«-  tvvo  davs  more  than  a  century  before  his  gr.  gr.  nephew,  the 
unturtunate  Charles,  expiated  his  arbitrary-  rule  on  the  scaifold.  This 
misband  ot  SIX  wives,  two  of  whom  he  murdered,  left  three  cldldreu, 
ii-du-ard,  .Mary  and  Elizabeth,  who  each  in  turn  succeeded  and  died 
ciuicliess.  Durin-  their  reigns,  what  remained  of  Irish  independence 
Tirtuaily  ended.  The  reformation  confiscated  the  property  set  apart 
for  religious  uses,  banished,  tortured  and  hung  the  priests.  Substi- 
tution ot  English  titles  for  ancient  chieftainries,  surrender  of  land 
and  rule  and  go-ants  back  on  Enghsh  tenure  cut  oflPcoUateral  heirs, 
tomented  jealousies  and  endless  war.  Capable  but  unscrupulous 
governors,  bt,  Legcr,  Eellmgham,  Sussex,  Syckey,  Fitz Williams, 


S2  Transfer  of  Erin.  [Jan. 

Grey,  Perrot,  Russell,  Boroup:;h,  Essex,  jMountjoy,  held  successive 
sw:iy  as  lords  lieutenant,  deputies  or  justices.  Perrot,  Felton,  ]Mulby, 
Drury,  Xorria,  Bingham,  ClitFord,  Care'.v,  were  president.^  of 
Munster,  or  Conuaughl.  Jjellinghaia,  Norris,  Bagnal,  coDimanded 
the  forces,  and  other  personages  luore  or  less  famous,  ^lorrison, 
Ealeigh,  Harvey,  Xorris,  Ivandolph,  Zoueh  and  Essex  took  jmrt  in 
military  movements.  It  was  a  stirring  and  interesting  period.  Poor 
Ireland  was  in  its  last  throes,  and  it  is  sari  to  see  how  often  she  mi2:ht 
have  escaped  her  fate  had  her  children  been  as  united  as  they  were 
courageous. 

Allen,  ever  an  intriguer,  to  8ui>plant  or  displace  St.  Leger, 
alleged  that  under  his  rule  the  pale  had  been  neither  extended 
nor  strengtiiened  nor  the  royal  Avrit  caused  to  be  respected  beyond 
its  limits ;  that  the  chiefs  under  professions  of  obedience  had  but 
grown  more  formidable.  Leinster  was  not  reformed.  Ulster  chiefs 
allowed  to  carry  on  hostilities  unmolested  were  gradually  reducing 
to  their  obedience  the  smaller  septs  in  their  neighborhood.  Com- 
pacts were  not  enforced, — no  roads  constructed  as  stipulated, — their 
old  laws  and  customs  were  retained.  To  which  the  deputy  in  his 
defence  responded  that  the  horsemen  of  the  Cavanaghs  and  O'Con- 
nors were  reduced  t\i  a  fourth  of  what  they  were  before  he  came,  and 
that  all  the  country  of  the  O'Moores  could  not  nmster  as  many  as 
rode  in  daily  attendance  on  their  late  chief;  that  tlie  O'Tooles  were 
utterly  broken,  and  where,  when  he  took  charge  of  the  government, 
no  man  could  travel  f;-ora  Cashel  to  Limerick  without  a  pass,  or  pay- 
ment of  a  crowTi  for  every  pack,  now  nothing  was  paid,  and  sherilfs 
duly  chosen  executed  process.  An  O'TooIe  was  sheriff  of  Dublin, 
the  O'Bymes  had  one  of  their  o-\vn.  That  it  had  been  proposed 
to  dispossess  these  septs,  and  likewise  the  Cavanaghs,  but  it  was 
considered  more  prudent  to  conciliate  them  than  raise  a  general  fer- 
ment by  their  expulsion.  Allen  further  insisted  the  Irish  were  faith- 
less io  their  promises,  to  which  St.  Leger  replied  that  the  English- 
men did  not  keep  theirs. 

When  St.  Leger  resumed  his  office^  two  nephews  of  the  late  earl 
of  Kildare  harried  the  pale  burning  Rathanagan,  but  with  fourteen 
other  leaders  they  were  captured  and  executed.  Kelleys  and  ]Mad- 
dens  were  at  feud,  and  O'Connors  and  O'Moores  plundered  Kildare. 
Edward  Bellingham  sent  over  with  a  thousand  men  as  marshal,  twice 
invaded  Offaly  and  Lcix,  drove  the  inhabitants  into  Connauorht, 
decla.ring  their  territory  forfLitcd,  and  bad  the  credit  of  being  the  first 
since  Henry  III.  to  extend  the  pale.  The  chiefs  held  out  for  a  year, 
bat  at  last  surrendering  were  carried  over  by  St.  Leger,  now  re- 
called, to  England.  They  wore  taken  into  favor  and  allowed  each  a 
yearly  pension  of  one  hundred  pounds.  0\Moorc,  however,  died  in 
London  before  his  stipend  couid  avail  him,  and  Bellingham  soon  after 
appointed  lord  justice  took  possession  of  Lcix  and  Otialy. 

Dismayed  at  this  show  of  power  several  of  the  chiefs  laid  aside  the 


1875.]  Iransfer  of  Erin.  83 

brchon  laws,  and  jNIaguire  of  Fermanap^b,  "wlieii  O'Xell  claimed  him 
as  his  vassal,  appealed  to  the  deputy  ^vllO  abeolvcd  him  from  his  de- 
pendence. The  O'Ncils,  O'Donneld  and  0"Dohcrtjs  provoked  at 
tliis  intevference  with  their  ancient  rights,  and  reasonably  anticipat- 
ing fiu'tlicr  cnoroachnicnts,  placed  themselves  under  protection  of 
Henry  II.  of  France.  Fourquevaux  and  Montluc  were  sent  over 
to  receive  their  pledges  at  Donegal,  O'Moores,  O'Bymes  and 
O'Carrolls  and  other  dispossessed  Leinstcr  chiefs  at  the  same  time 
entering  into  similar  obligations. 

The  deputy  was  prudent  and  active.  He  tore  from  his  fireside  at 
Kiimalloclv  the  fourteenth  Desmond  who  would  not  come  when 
summoned,  and  carried  him  to  Dublin.  The  earl  was  compelled 
to  conform  his  manners,  apparel  and  behavior  to  his  estate  and 
degree,  and  down  to  his  death  in  1558  giving  no  further  trouble, 
daily  prayed  for  the  good  Bellingham.  This  governor  v.as  recalled 
in  1549,  and  Sir  Francis  13ryan  who  had  extensive  grants  in  Lcix 
and  Ollhly,  and  whose  wife  widow  of  the  ninth  Ormond  v/as  daughter 
of  the  eleventh  Desmond,  and  subsequently  wife  of  the  fifteenth,  was 
appoiufed  in  his  stead;  but  dying  in  February,  1550,  Sir  William 
lirabazon  succeeded,  upon  whose  death  four  months  later  St.  Leger 
was  rcctorcd. 

Con  Baccagh,  first  earl  of  Tyrone,  was  now  growing  old,  for  in 
1498  he  had  reached  sufBcient  maturity  to  avenge  his  father's  death. 
He  was  son  of  Con  by  the  sister  of  the  eighth  I'uldare,  whose  daughter 
Alice  he  had  married.  By  her  he  had  three  sons  :  Shane,  whom 
Froude,  with  strange  inaccuracy,  calls  illegitimate ;  Phelim  and 
Turlough  and  a  daughter  Mary,  wife  of  Sorlcy  Koy,  father  of  the  first 
earl  of  Antrim.  The  son  of  Alison,  wife  of  a  blacksmith  at  Dun- 
dalk,  Matthew  or  Ferdoragh,  whom  he  supposed  his  o•*^^l,  from 
paternal  partiality,  he  had  had  included  in  the  patent  as  baron  Dun- 
gannon.  Con,  when  displeased  with  English  rule,  had  pronounced  a 
curse  on  all  of  his  posterity  who  shoidd  conf  rm  to  English  manners 
or  associate  with  the  Saxon  race.  When  disposed  to  correct  his 
mistake  in  the  preference  of  Ferdoragh,  the  deputy,  it  is  intimated 
at  the  instigation  of  the  latter,  contrived-  to  gain  possession  of  Con 
and  the  countess  and  to  imprison  them  in  Dublin,  where  he  died  in 
1559.  Shane,  indignant  at  this  treatment  of  his  father,  assisted  by 
his  brother-in-law  McDonnel,  defeated  Crofts,  who  in  1551  had  re- 
placed St.  Lener,  wasting  T\Tone  and  Dunjiannon  over  an  area  of 
Sixty  miles  by  forty. 

English  tenures  had  weakened  Irish  resistance  more  than  EngUsh 
swords.  Brothers  and  kinsmen  were  set  at  strife,  old  feuds  re- 
kindled from  their  smouldering  ashes,  and  many  of  the  Leinster  septs 
if  not  engaged  in  internecine  Avarfare,  were  in  arms  against  each 
other,  or  theu*  common  foe.  Taking  advantage  of  some  contention 
between  Melaghlins  and  ^Tac  Coghlans,  the  English  seized  upon 
Delvin.    O'Carrolls  whose  cliief  was  imprisoned  at  Dublin  were  rest- 


84  Transfer  of  Erin.  [Jan. 

less.  lie  promised  to  be  quiet  and  was  reloaded ;  Imt  Incensed  at 
fresh  injustice,  allied  himself  with  Kelleys,  some  of  the  Melaghlins, 
MacCo-hlaus  and  O'Coumnvs  and  Morro-h,  chief  of  the  Kavaiiaghs. 
War  rao-cd  from  Duldin  to  tlic  bhannoa.  Athlone  giirrisoned  by  tlic 
EnglisirproLecied  their  movements,  and  the  cla-nd  ^vere  finally  wearied 
out!  The  O'CarroU  nuulc  iheu*  peace  at  Limerick,  being  himself 
created  baron  of  Ely.  Instead  of  making  coramon  cause  other 
septs  were  torn  by  internal  dissensions  for  the  eliieftniuship.  Among 
them  OTerralls,  ^IcSwecnys,  O'Kourkes,  Olieilleys,  O'Sullivajis 
Beare  and  0'J3riens.  Morough,  first  Earl  oi  Thomond,  d'cd  m 
1551.  DouoLdi,  his  nephew  and  successor,  was  besot  m  Clonroad  by 
Ids  brotheri  and  shortly  died.  Ilis  son  Conor,  for  the  next  twenty- 
eight  years,  held  the  earldoni ;  but  his  uncJe  Sir  Donald,  brother  of 
the  second  earl  and  son-in-law  of  the  first,  whom  when  chosen  by  the 
8ept  his  brother  had  been  forced  to  accept  as  tauist  under  the  brehon 
law,  became  chief  of  the  Dalunais.  ^ 

On  the  succession  of  ^Mary',  July,  1553,  St.  Lcger  was  for  ti.e  liitA 
time  commissioned  as  deputy.  Gerald  wlio  had  been  educated  carc- 
fidly  in  Eome,  and  with  the  knights  of  IVlalta  acquired  experience 
of  war  on  th.3  African  coast,  was  restored  to  honor  and  estate  as  tenth 
eai-1  of  Kildare.  He  came  over  to  Ireland  with  Thomas  Dutf  the 
tenth  earl  of  Ormond,  who  but  fourteen  years  of  age  when  his  father 
was  poisoned  in  1546  was  still  quite  young,  and  the  son  of  Fitz- 
Patrick,  lord  of  Upper  Ossory,  in  company  with  the  deputy.  .\rt 
McMorrogh  had  been  taken  into  favor,  created  lord  of  Baliam  m 
Carlow,  and  recognized  as  head  of  his  sei)t.  Ormond^  upon  his  j-e- 
turn  was  employed  against  the  chief  of  Thomond,  Kildare  agamst 
the  O'Xeils,  Shane  being  engaged  in  war  with  tiic  branch  of  lus  name 
at  Clannaboy,  and  Sh-  Donald  O'Brien  with  liis  neighbors,  the  Bm'kes 

of  Clanrickard.  ,.„.,, 

The  ancient  :Manus  O'Donael  had  long  renamed  the  chiettamsmp 
of  the  north-west  corner  of  the  island.  AVhea  his  death  is  noticed  by 
the  Four  Masters  under  date  of  15i>3,  he  is  dcscrii)ed  as  lord  oi  T)t- 
connel,  Inishowen,  Ivinnel-:Moen,  Fermanagh  and  lower  Conuaugiir  ; 
as  a  man  who  never  sutler ed  the  chiefs  m  his  neighborhood  to 
encroach  upon  his  superabundant  possessions,  fierce,  obdurate,  wrath- 
M  and  combative  toward  his  enemies  and  opponents,  uutil  he  had 
made  them  obedient  to  his  jurisdictioa ;  as  mild,  friendly,  benign, 
amicable,  bountifid  and  hospit;ible  toward  the  learned,  the  desti- 
tute, poets,  oUavs  and  the  church;  as  learned,  skilled  m  many 
arts,  gifted  with  a  profound  intellect  and  knowledge  of  eveiy  science. 
This  was  ^^Titten  in  Donegal,  but  he  seems  to  have  been  an  estimable 
character,  though  grown  te=ty  and  disquahtied  by  age  and  mfii-mity 
for  rulino-  over  liis^urbulent  sid-jects.  Being  deposed  by  the  clan, 
he  was  lucoeedcd  bv  Calvagh  his  son,  duly  chosen  m  his  place. 
This  was  not  wirhont  opt)osition,  and  Calvagh,  to  reduce  the  refi-ac- 
tory  to  obedience,  brought  u\er  a  force  from  Scotland,  his  wife  being 
one  of  the  T>Iac  Donnels. 


1875.]  Transfer  of  Erin.  85 

After  tlie  royal  marriage  of  ]Mary  to  Pliilip  of  Spain,  sterner 
measures  ^Yerc  resorted  to  in  England  to  restore  the  old  religion  ;  and 
Thomas  luulcliilb,  \iseount  Fit/:\valtcr,  soon  after  by  tlie  death 
of  his  tather  carl  of  Su.ssex,  appointed  in  place  of  St.  Leger  in  155'J 
as  lord  lieutenant,  held  a  parliament  at  Dublin,  which  revived  the 
act.*  against  heresy.  It  granted  a  subsidy  to  be  employed  in  driving 
out  the  Scots,  made  it  high  treason  to  invite  tlicm  into  Ireland,  and 
intermarriage  with  them  felony.  The  Poynings  act  was  amended, 
and  the  governor  and  council  authori;;ed,  after  the  objects  previously 
gpecificd  -were  acted  on,  to  certify  other  measures  they  might  deem 
expedient.  With  KadclitTe  came  over  as  treasurer  his  brother-in-law. 
Sir  Henry  Sydney,  father  of  Philip  and  gr.  grandfatlier  of  Alger- 
non, and  fur  the  next  twenty  years  with  brief  intervals  he  took  a  lead- 
ing part  in  ailairs. 

Shane  O'Xell,  ambitious  of  subjecting  all  Ulster  to  his  sway, 
marched  into  Tyrconnell ;  but  Calvagh,  its  chief,  taking  counsel  of 
his  lath.^r  Manus,  with  inferior  numbers,  attacked  him  at  night  at 
Carrickheath.  His  forces  utterly  routed,  he  with  difficulty  eH'eeted 
liis  escape,  but  soon  retrieving  this  disaster  asserted  his  right  to 
eovereignty  throughout  Tjrone,  a  claim  in  which  his  brother  Fer- 
d'uagh  Wi'.s  nut  disposed  to  acquiesce.  Sussex  and  Sydney  in  1556 
at  Carrickfergus  overcame  the  Scots,  who  marching  to  join  the  Burkes 
of  Mayo  were  annihilated  at  Moy  by  the  earl  of  Clanrickard.  Sussex 
marched  to  Clare  to  sustain  Conor,  earl  of  Thomond,  against  the  sons 
of  xklorrogb  the  first  earl  and  Sir  Donald  the  tanist,  who  had 
married  their  sisler,  banishing  Sir  Donald  much  to  the  displeasure  of 
his  sept,  who  were  devotedly  attached  to  him.  The  fifteenth  Des- 
mond, the  great  exemplar  of  rebellion,  came  to  their  aid,  defeating 
Conor  and  his  cousin  Clanrickard.  Sir  Donald  remained  in  eyile  for 
five  years,  when  the  family  feud  was  appeased  by  the  earl  granting- 
him  Corcurm-ce,  a  part  of  Clare  along  the  sea,  Avhich  had  previously 
belonged  to  the  O'Connors  of  the  Clan  Rory  branch  of  the  name. 
Conor  had  recently  married  Eveline,  a  "charitable,  hum^me,  friendly 
and  pious  countess,"  daughter  of  ^McCarthy  Mor  and  widow  of  Des- 
mond's father,  and  on  her  death  in  15G0,he  espoused  Ellen  daughter 
of  eiglith  Ormond  by  Margaret  daughter  of  eighth  Kildare. 

When  Elizabeth  succeeded  in  1558  all  Ireland  was  Catholic.  Lebc 
and  Offuly  had  been  added  to  the  pale.  The  rest  was  occupied  by 
the  septs,  or  by  English  earls  who  held  but  limited  allegiance.  The 
earl  of  T\Tone  was  a  prl&oner  in  Dublin,  Conor  of  Thomond  was 
loyal,  and  likewise  all  the  ^MeCarthies.  Had  toleration  and  respect 
for  right  evinced  at  this  period  the  most  distant  idea  of  religious 
obligation,  or  Avhat  christian  faith  and  precept  demanded,  Ireland 
might  have  been  spared  her  miseries,  England  her  shame.  But  Sus- 
sex on  his  return  under  orders  of  the  queen  called  a  packed  parliament, 
which  disingenuously  meeting  on  St,  Bridget's  day,  when  the  catholic 
lord;-'  greurly  iu  the  ascendancy  were  not  notified,  and  did  not  sus- 


86  Transfer  of  Erin.  •  [Jan. 

pectthe  dcjign,  reestablislicd  Protestantism,  imposing  liea\7  penalties 
for  disobedience  on  a  whole  peoi>le  of  the  opj^osite  faith. 

Calvagh,  ehiof  of  T}Tconnel,  "  of  noWc  presence,  sagacious  and 
brave,  stern  to  foe  and  l^iud  to  friend,  so  much  esteemed  that  no 
good  act  of  his  created  surprise,"  was  captured  at  a  monastery  on 
Lough  Swilly  in  the  nortli  of  Donegal  by  ►Shane,  who  in  some 
interval  of  amity  had  married  Mary  his  daugliter.  Calvaglx  had 
recently  taken  to  wife  another  Scotcli  maiden,  who  either  nov.-  or  on 
previous  occasions,  growing  out  of  the  intimacy  of  fiunily  rehitions, 
had  formed  an  attachment  fi»r  Shane,  wliose  jircposscssing  qualities 
and  more  active  spirit  gave  him  an  advantage  in  her  eyes  over  her 
staider  husband.  KShane's  wife  died  broken  hearted  a  few  months 
after  this  outrage  on  her  father  and  her  own  conjugal  rights.  Sussex 
marched  to  Armagh  to  rescue  Calvagh,  but  a  portion  of  his  army 
laden  with  spoil  was  defeated  by  O'Xeil,  who  in  tiu-n  harried  ]\Ieath 
to  the  gates  of  Dublin.  Calvagh  was  released  on  ransom,  filled  with 
resentment  at  his  wrongs,  and  in  loHl  induced  Sussex  with  the  five 
earls,  Kildare,  Onnoud,  Desmond,  Thoraond  and  Clanrickard  to 
invade  Tyrone.  Tlie  deputy  liired  an  assassin  with  the  queen's 
knowledge  to  slay  Shane,  but  the  attempt  failed,  and  hopeless  of 
conquering  iiim  by  force,  through  Kildare,  his  cousin,  peace  was 
made  on  condition  that  he  should  be  respected  as  chief  till  created 
earl  of  Tyrone.  With  liis  body-guard  he  then  visited  the  queen  in 
London,  Avho  received  him  with  honor,  and  while  there  Dunrrannon 
being  slain  in  a  skirmish  with  Turlogh  Lynough  O'Xeil,  afterward 
tanist,  she  acknowledged  his  claims  as  successor  to  his  father  Con 
Baccagh,  and  loaned  him  three  hundred  pounds.  ' 

Shane  on  his  return,  finding  Turlogh  recognized  as  tanist  by 
Sussex,  Maguire  and  Magennis  allies  of  Calvagh  hostile,  invaded 
Fermanagh,  otfering  amends  for  all  damage  inflicted,  if  Maguire 
acknowledged  fealty.  ^  ^Nlaguire  refusing,  and  betaking  himself  to 
his  islands  for  security,  his  houses  and  crops  were  destroyed. 
Shane  maintained  his  right  to  Ulster  as  its  sovereign,  settino-  at  de- 
fiance Sussex  and  Kildare.  oManus  O'Donnel  died  in  1563  :  his  son 
Calvagh  was  infirm,  and  on  Conn,  son  of  the  latter,  "wise,  valiant 
and  civil,  the  likeliest  plant,"  according  to  Sussex,  "that  ever  sprauo- 
in  Ulster,  whereon  to  graft  a  good  subject,"  devolved  the  chieftainship 
of  Tyrconnel ;  but  he  soon  fell  into  the  hands  of  Shane,  who  in- 
sisted on  the  surrender  of  the  strong  castle  of  LitTord,  the  chief  abode 
of  the  O'Donnels,  as  his  ransom.  Shane's  power  and  influence 
gained  ground  much  to  the  alarm  of  Sussex,  but  the  queen  wrote 
him  not  to  feel  uneasy,  "for  if  O'Xeil  rises  there  w-ill  be  estates  for 
them  that  want."  Cusack,  the  chancellor,  persuaded  him  to  moderate 
his  tone,  the  garrison  at  Armagh  was  withdra-vvn,  and  when  he  en- 
tered Clannaboy,  captured  Sorleboy,  and  slew  seven  hundred  Scots, 
their  chief  James  ]MacDonnel  dying  of  his  wounds,  it  was  hailed  in 
England  as  a  victory  also  for  tlie  queen,  who  still  with  the  usual 
crookedness  that  marked  her  policy  took  him  to  task. 


1875.]  Transfer  of  Erin.  87 

Campion,  who  "wrote  in  1570,  tells  us  that  Shane  ordered  the 
north  HO  properly  that  if  any  sul)ject  could  ])rove  lo.ss  of  money 
or  goods  within  his  precinct  ho  woiild  force  the  robber  to  restitution, 
or  at  liis  own  co*t  rc'lcpm  <hc  hnrm  to  the  loser's  content.  Sitting 
at  meat,  before  he  put  one  morsel  into  his  own  mouth  he  used  to  slice 
a  portit  n  and  send  it  to  some  beggar  at  his  gate,  saying  it  was  fit 
to  serve  Christ  fir.-t.  A  work  by  Matthew  O'Connor  says  of  him  : 
that  by  the  natural  vigor  of  his  mind  he  raised  nnnies,  erected  forts, 
besieged  fortified  towns,  defeated  regular  troops  led  on  by  ex- 
perienced generals,  and  made  a  resolute  stand  against  the  first  nation 
of  the  world  in  riches,  in  arts  and  in  arms.  lie  was  often  victorious 
and  never  vanquished.  His  letters,  many  of  \\-hich  remain,  to  Eng- 
lish nobles  whose  acquaintance  he  had  made  on  his  visit  to  the  queen, 
exhibit  much  culture  and  appreciation  of  what  was  of  good  report 
and  meritorious  in  English  institutions.  His  many  defects  of 
character  and  errors  in  conduct  were  exaggerated  by  English  writers. 
It  t^huuld  be  borne  in  mind  that  his  ulterior  motive  throughout  appears 
to  have  been  the  independence  of  Ulster,  possibly  of  Ireland,  and  tliat 
his  rngerness  to  reduce  to  his  sway  the  neighboring  septs  was  mainly 
to  further  this  end. 

In  L'luG  he  gained  possession  of  nearly  all  Ulster,  ]Maguire  and 
Calvagh  O'Donnell  taking  refuge  in  Dublin.  He  invaded  Con- 
naught,  wasting  and  destroying  and  carried  four  thousand  head  of 
cattle  back  to  Tyrone.  Randolph  well  supplied  with  artillery,  in 
wliich  arm  O'Xeil  was  deficient,  gave  Shane  a  check,  but  fell  himself 
in  the  combat  near  Derry,  which  place,  soon  after  demolished  hv 
an  accidental  explosion  of  its  magazines,  was  abandoned,  and  its  gar- 
rison in  tlieir  march  to  the  pale  much  harassed.  Shane  again  in- 
vaded Tyrconnel,  Connaught,  Fermanagh  and  the  lands  of  Bagenal 
in  Xewry  and  Brefney.  Sydney,  deputy  since  the  recall  of  Sussex 
in  15G4,  marched  against  him,  but  discouraged  by  the  seven  thousand 
men,  fifteen  hundred  of  them  Scots,  whom  Sho  ne  had  under  his  com- 
mand, or  as  also  said  his  supplies  exhausted,  withdrew  ;  but  early  in 
the  spring  before  he  could  well  be  expected,  passed  round  Tyrone  into 
Connaught,  restoring  Tyrconnel  to  Calvagh,  Fermanagh  to  ]\Inguire, 
I'.rcfiiey  lo  Brian  O'Rourke,  in  place  of  the  chief  friendly  to  O'Xell. 
Calvagh  fell  dead  from  liis  horse  in  the  midst  of  his  cavalry,  and 
his  son  Hugh  celebrated  his  succession  by  invading  Tyrone.  In 
the  spring  Shane  gathering  his  forces,  encountered  Hugh  at  Lough 
Swilley,  who  with  the  MacSv/eeneys  defeated  him  May  8,  15G7,  and 
the  tide  rising  over  the  beach  crossed  in  the  advance  and  by  which 
lay  their  retreat,  Shane  lost  thirteen  hundred  men.  Thus  were 
avenged  the  WTongs  of  Calvagh  and  Mary  O'Donnel .  The  chief  bro- 
ken-hearted escaped  along  the  Swilley  alone,  regaining  his  own  domain 
to  find  Sydney  approaching  in  force  against  him.  Bewildered  and 
losing  his  wonted  prudence,  he  repaired  to  !MacDonnel  at  Antrim, 
who  received  him  with,  feigned  kindness  only  to  seek  occasion  by 


88  Transfer  of  Erin.  [Jan. 

provoking  n-  quarrel  to  avenge  Angus  and  James  and  Aspuch  or 
Campbell,  their  eister'd  luu^banJ,  wlio.sc  S(»n  slew  Shane  at  the 
banquet. 

Syilncj  withouL  dcrcaung  <  >'2seil  had  contrived  to  weaken  hi.<  povrcv 
by  management  and  ui:jaftecting  his  nciglibois,  and  ecrtainly  proved 
a  most  elKcient  ruler.  lie  was  very  p(»pular  among  his  own  nation- 
ality in  Ireland,  and  by  the  strict  military  discipline  lie  maintninod, 
administration  of  the  finances  and  politic  coiu-scs,  paved  the  way  to 
subjugation,  lie  recognized  Turlogh,  grandson  of  Con  Baceagh 
and  Alice  Fitzgerald,  as  tanist.  The  war  had  cost  the  queen  nearly 
one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  pounds  and  thirty-live  hundred  men. 
Parliament  two  years  after  abolished  the  title  of  O'Xcil  and  vested 
Tyrone  in  tlnj  crown,  except  certain  portions  assigned  to  Turlogh, 
•or  reserved  as  the  special  domain  of  the  young  Dungannon.  This 
youth,  brought  up  in  England  and  early  of  exemplary  loyaltv,  will 
be  found  later  emulating  the  example  of  his  imcle  in  his  efforts 
to  withdraw  his  country  from  what  was  then  a  foreign  voke. 
Both  Shane  and  Hugh  possessed  many  sterling  qualities.  The  former 
was  uppiobiiously  ciiarged  witii  excess  in  wine,  of  which  his  cellars 
at  Dundrum  held  two  hundred  tuns,  but  this  and  his  coolino-  off  its 
effects  in  an  earth  bath  were  probal>ly  inventions  of  Stanihurst. 

Desmond  is  described  as  equally  overbearing  vrith  the  O'Xeil. 
He  was  catholic;  Ormond,  his  antagonist,  protestant ;  and  in  15G2 
they  were  both  summoned  to  the  royal  presence.  Desmond  promis- 
ing to  abolish  bonaglit,  risings  out  and  the  brehon  law,  and  to 
■discourage  rhymers  who  stirred  up  strife,  was  permitted  to  return. 
The  feud  between  these  powerful  neighbors  broke  out  anew,  in  15G5, 
Ormond  surprising  Gerald  at  Atfane  in  AVexford.  When  the  latter, 
wounded  and  a  prisoner,  was  borne  from  the  field  on  a  litter 
by  his  foes,  and  asked  in  derision,  where  is  now  the  great  earl  of 
Desmond, — he  made  his  often  quoted  respon;  e,  "  \Yhere  he  ou'^ht 
to  be  on  the  necks  of  the  Butlers." 

In  his  progress  to  ]\Iunstcr  after  Shane's  death,  Sydney  found  the 
Butler  domain  in  Kilkenny  in  excellent  condition,  describes  that  of 
the  Fitzpatricks  in  inditlerent  good  order,  Ely  well  ruled  bv  the 
O'CarroUs,  Ikerrin  of  ihe  O'Meagiiers  wasted,  Tippcrary  disturbed 
by  contention,  Clonmel,  Cashel  and  Fethard  depopulated,  all 
trade  at  an  end,  AVatcrford  worried  by  the  Powers,  and  Youghal  in 
evil  case.  From  Youghal  to  Kinsale,  Cork  to  Limerick,  Svdney 
says  he  never  was  in  a  more  pleasant  cnuntry  or  one  more  utterlv  waste. 
Galway  and  Athenry  were  forlorn,  and  the  country  round  about 
torn  by  the  dissensions  of  the  Burkes  and  Fhihcrtvs.  The  deputy 
proceeding  to  England  in  15G7  to  report,  took  with  him  Desmond 
and  Sir  John  who  Averc  detained  prisoners  there  or  in  Dublin  eiu'ht 
years,  upon  no  charge  and  for  no  ostensible  cause  but  either  that 
they  were  too  powerful,  or  to  gratify  the  rcsenrment  of  Ormond, 
^cousin  of  the  queen. 


1875.]  Transfer  of  Erin.  89 

Sydney's  parliament  convened  January,  1569,  was  a  sham.  Tlie 
Irish  were  not  ro])re;;ented,  nor  do  we  find  any  menfion  of  it  in  their 
annds.  A\'licre  there  was  any  show  of  election,  government  by 
intrigue  and  corruption  t«ecurod  the  return  of  its  creatures.  jNIayors 
returned  themi^olvcs  ;  nominees  of  no  character,  education  or  estate, 
eato  for  j)Iaces  they  had  never  seen.  Stanihiirst  presided,  and 
] looker,  who  contumed  Ilollinshed  and  had  represented  Exeter  in  the 
English  connnons,  having  come  over  with  Cru'ew  was  member  for 
Atheury.  Eroni  his  account  the  parliament  was  neither  legally 
c;dlcd  nor  decently  conducted.  It  vras  simply  a  bear  garden,  noisy 
and  disorderly.  lie  framed  rules  for  its  proceedings,  and  after  op- 
position of  no  avail  against  the  majority,  Shane  O'Xeil  was  attainted, 
the  queen  claiming  an  older  title  to  Ireland  than*  Hcremon  or 
Ileber.  Half  I'lster,  Tyrone,  Clannaboy  and  the  Eews,  Coleraine 
of  the  Canes,  Kouta  of  the  McQuillans,  Glms  of  the  McDonnt.-ls, 
Ivcach  of  the  Maguinnis,  Orier  of  the  Ilanlons,  Farncy,  UriL-l, 
I>i)chta  and  Dartry  of  the  four  branches  of  the  Mc^Mahons,  Tur- 
rougli  of  the  MeKennys,  Clanbressail  of  the  ^NlcCanns  were  declared 
furfeited.  ]\»rtions  were  subsequently  restored,  but  the  whole 
proceeding  was  a  mockery  on  legislation.  Captaim-ies  were  abolished 
unless  granted  by  patent,  imposts  laid  upon  wines,  free  schools 
established,  the  deputy  empowered  to  lill  vacancies  in  the  church  in 
Connaught  and  Munster ;  fosterage  with  Irish,  and  keeping  idle  re- 
tainers were  prohibited. 

Donough  McCarthy,  1518-159G,  created  in  1556  earl  of  Clan- 
carre  and  baron  of  Valentia,  though  not  of  much  force  of  character, 
was  wise  enough  to  perceive  that  t'o  A\Test  away  the  territory  of  his 
race  and  trample  out  its  taitli  was  the  policy  of  the  queen  and  her 
ministers.  By  uniting  all  the  catholic  elements  of  resistance,  these 
desigTis  might  be  frustrated.  Supported  by  O'Sullivan  Mor  and 
other  chiefs  of  the  Eoghanacht  he  renounced  his  English  title  and 
resumed  that  of  McCarthy  Mor,  at  the  same  time  asserting  his  claim 
to  be  king  of  ]Munster  as  his  ancestors  had  been  for  many  genera- 
tions. ^  Desmond  and  himself  were  brothers-in-law,  and  both  staunch 
catholics.  But  Desmond  was  a  prisoner,  his  possessions  might  pass 
to  straugors,  and  unless  the  opportunity  offered  were  improved,  no 
otlier  equally  propitious  might  recur.  'Desmond  had  appointed  his 
Kinsman,  James  Eitzmaurice,  in  liis  absence  to  take  charge  of  his 
territory.  But  though  able  and  brave,  James  was  at  that  dme  un- 
popular. Ecuds  and  jealousies  estranged  other  of  the  leaders. 
I  bus  dissensions,  ever  Ireland's  weakness,  palsied  all  attempt  at  com- 
bination, and  they  found  themselves  borne  along  to  destruction  by 
events  beyond  their  control. 

Leiiister  was  only  comparatively  quiet.  The  dispossessed  chief- 
tains from  theii-  mountain  retreats  watched  for  opportunity  to  wreak 
tlieir  resentment  on  the  usurpers  of  their  ancestral  abodes,  hovering 
about  their  scrtlements  and  intiicting  what  injury  they  could.     For 

VOL.    XSI5,  8* 


90  Transfer  of  Erin.  [Jan. 

eiglitccn  years  Rory  O'iVIoore,  allowed  even  by  his  foes  many  esti- 
mable ([ualities,  kept  his  clan  organized  in  out  of  the  way  plaees,  the 
dj'euJ  and  scourge  of  the  eolonists,  losing  no  occasion  of  molesting 
them  and  bafHing  every  attcnr|)t  at  pursuit.      O'Coimors  and  O'Car- 
rols   continued   their   marauds,    O'Uyrnes    and    O'Toolcs,   and  Sir 
Edmund  Butler,  representative  of  Ormond  then  absent  in  England, 
and  the  Graces  warred  with  Oliver  Fitzgerald.     xVnothcr  grievance 
com])licated  the  turmoil ;   Sir  Peter  Carew  set  up  a  stale  claim  to  half 
Cork,  to  Idrone  in  Carlow  belonging  to  the  Cavanaghs,  and  also  to 
Macleitham  in  Meath,  heUl  l)y  Chevers.     llis  pretension  was  as  heir 
general  to  Fitzstephcn,  who  left  no  lawful  issue  as  proved  in   1333 
when  the  same  claim  Avas  advanced  and  disallowed,  on  a  grant  made 
nearly  four  centuries  before,  of  the  larger  portion  of  which  there  had 
not  been  even  constructive  possession.     This  claim  English  tribunals 
noAv  adjudged  to  be  valid.     The  Cavanaghs  naturally  rose  to  defend 
the  remnant  of  their  once  extensive  possessions.     Too  near  Dublin 
for   effectual   resistance,   Carew   dispossessed   them    with    relentless 
cruelty,  slaughtering  hundreds  unarmed,  besides  women  and  children. 
Possibly  as  some  security  against  csimilar  pretensions,   Mac  I*P»rian 
Ara,   Ferralls  of  Longford,    some  of  the  Cavanaghs,   Gilpatricks, 
McFallons,  McShanes  and  many  other  chieftains  surrendered  their 
^estates  to  the  crown,  taking  back  regrants  on  English  tenure.     In 
'Connaught  Burkes  of  Clanrickard  and  ^Nlayo  were  at  feud,  in  Ulster 
>0'Donnels  and  O'Neils.     The  decision  in  favor  of  Carew  enraged 
wherever  it  menaced,  and  Clancarthy,  Butler  and  Fitzmauricc  were 
guickly  in  arms.     Unable  to  reduce  Kilkenny  where  Carew  com- 
manded  in   force,   they  harried  above   and  below  from  Dublin  to 
Water  lord,  and  stripped,  with  the  inhumanity  usual  on  both  sides, 
the  fair  of  Enniscorthy  of  its  horses  and  herds.      Sydney  joined  by 
Ormond,  sent  over  to  detach  his  three  brothers  from  the  league, 
marched  into  Munster  ;  but  opposition  not  strong  enough  to  contend 
n  citing  away,  and  the  chiefs  generally  professing  loyalty,  he  placed  a 
garrison  under  Humphrey  Gilbert  at  Kilmallock,  and  himself  repaired 
to  Athlone,     After  establishing  Fitton  as  president  of  Connaught, 
he  thence  proceeded  toward  Ulster,  as  Turlough  O'Xeil  about  to  join, 
the  movement  at  the  south  was  accidentally  wounded.     During  the 
winter  Fitzmaurice  with  ]McSweeneys  and  Sheehys  took  and  Ijurnt 
Kilmallock,  removing  its  treasures  which  belonged  to  the  earl  of 
Desmond. 

Fitton  proved  a  tyrant,  and  his  arbitrary  proceedings  and  over- 
bearing insolence  disaffected  even  the  loyalty  of  Conor  O'Brien 
who  captured  his  uncle  Sir  Donal  on  his  Avay  from  Corcumroe  to 
the  presidential  court  at  Ennis.  Ormond  called  in  to  appease  the  ex- 
asperated governor  persuaded  the  earl  to  surrender  as  amends  Clon- 
road,  Clare  and  Bunratty ;  but  indignant  at  thus  being  dispossessed 
of  .his  castles  and  his  power,  Conor  gathered  his  friends  and  ad- 
:herent8  at  his  remaining  fortress  at  jMoy  in  Ibrackan.     They  were 


1875.]  Tranf>fer  of  Erin.  91 

not  many  to  conic,  for  hy  acccptinr^  tlic  earldom,  he  had  forfeited 
their  Hu^tport  and  brought  thcs^o  niibfortiines  on  himself  and  the 
Dalpiis.  Discouraged,  and  sensible  he  had  nothing  to  expect  from 
English  clcmcix'y,  he  escnpcd  into  France.  Fitton  with  C-hmrickard 
attacked  F]^dlertys  and  P>in-kes  of  Mayo  at  Siirulo,  a  battle  hutly 
contested,  belli  sides  chnniing  the  victor}.  For  several  years  the 
strife  continued.  Inlbl'l  Clanrickard  and  his  sous  attending  another 
court  at  Gahvay,  the  latter-  suspecting  some  evil  design,  took  to 
flight,  upon  which  Fitton  arrested  their  father  and  carried  him  to 
Dublin,  liaising  the  country  the  }oung  IJurkes  burnt  Athleague, 
Mullingar,  Athlone^  and  dciuolislied  Atlicnry.  The  father  \\hen  re- 
leased joined  his  sons,  and  no  peace  came  to  Connauglit  until  Fitton 
"was  recalled. 

In  February,  1571,  Sir  John  Pcrrot  natural  son  of  Henry  VIII., 
a  man  of  great  physical  power  and  strength  of  purpose,  was  created 
president  of  Munster,  and  set  himself  to  work  to  hunt  Fitzmauricc 
out  of  his  hole.  It  was  not  an  easy  task  for  he  was  frequently  c:ijulcd 
a,nd  discomfited,  and  his  account  of  his  adventures  reads  very  much 
like  the  dance  Puck  led  the  lovers  in  the  play.  Two  years  later,  to 
secure  the  release  of  Desmond  and  Sir  John,  Fitzmaurice  made  his 
submi?;-ion  at  Kilmnllock,  the  pin-ases  recorded  if  used  being  put  into 
his  mouth  by  Perrot,  and  probably  if  understood  by  either  considered 
matter  of  form.  The  object  was  only  partially  accomplished.  The 
prisoners  were  brought  to  Dublin,  where  on  one  pretext  or  another 
the  earl  was  detained  tlux-e  years  longer  when  he  effected  his  escape. 
Sydney  in  1575  replacing  Fitzwilliaras  as  deputy,  found  Ireland  one 
wave  of  war  and  commotion,  which  even  his  pacific  policy  proved 
powerless  at  all  times  to  still.  He  visited  in  turn  its  several  pro- 
vinces, reporting  to  the  queen  their  condition,  and  liis  court  at  Cork 
was  attended  by  the  earls  of  Desmond,  Thomond  and  Ciancurthy, 
bishops  of  Cashel,  Cork  and  lioss,  lords  B^arry,  Eoche,  Kinsale, 
LLxnaw,  Dunboyne,  Barry  Oge  and  Louth  by  McCarthy  Keagh  of 
Carberry,  and  Teigue  of  ^luskerry,  the  latter  "for  obedience  to  her 
majesty  and  law  and  disposition  to  civility  described  by  the  dejtuty 
as  the  rarest  man  that  ever  was  born  in  the  Irishry."  O'Sullivans, 
Can-oils,  Douoghues,  Callaghans,  Mahons  and  Driscolls,  McTyrnans 
and  MeAuleys,  and  three  brothers  of  Desmond  were  there,  and 
Ormond  and  Fitzpatrick  of  Upper  Ossory  came  to  hiui  at  Lunerick. 
Ill:*  court  was  held  witli  much  magnificence,  and  the  famihcs  of  the 
chiefs  being  in  attendance,  the  occasion  kd  to  the  adoption  of  many 
improvements  in  eleganeo  and  refinement.  In  Clare  resorted  to 
him  :Macnamaras,  :McMahons  and  all  tiie  O'Briens,  from  among 
whom  he  selected  Sir  Donal  as  sheriff  of  Thomond,  Burkes,  ila- 
hertys,  Kellys,  xMaddens  and  Xnghtens,  and  also  Grace  O'Malley  of 
Carrygahooly,  famous  by  sea  and  land  for  her  exploits,  and  who 
aftenvards  on  a  visit  to  tlie  queen  declined  to  be  made  a  countess. 
Connaught  was  divided  into  counties, — Mayo,   Sligo,  Galway  and 


92  '  Transfer  of  Erin.  [Jan. 

Roscommon,  sheriffs  being  appointed,  and  Annaly  became  the  shire 
of  Longford.  On  liis  way  to  J)iibliu  Sidney  passeti  through  Cavan 
where  he  found  the  Clxeilly,  advanced  in  years,  and  disturbed  by 
pretenders  to  the  succession. 

Little  tune  was  left  him  ibr  repose.  O'Kourkes  irritiited  at  lib- 
erties taken  Avith  tlieir  property  were  up  in  Annaly,  Burkes  and 
O'iiriens  farther  west.  Sydney  had  started  to  go  mto  Munster  to 
establish  Sir  'William  Drury  as  its  president,  but  hastening  back, 
contrived  to  quell  the  rising,  taking  Clanrickard  i)risoner  and  leav- 
ing ]NLilby  as  colonel  of  Connaught.  Soon  after  the  pale  was  agi- 
tated by  a  cess  laid  by  the  council  as  composition  for  an  ancient 
chai-ge  of  purveyance.  This  created  alarm  as  a  precedent,  and  three 
delegates  w-ere  sent  to  the  Queen  to  remonstrate.  Elizabeth  hsten- 
ed  to  tlieir  complaint,  expressed  her  fears  that  she  had  committed 
her  flocks  not  to  shepherds  but  avoIvcs,  and  at  the  same  time,  with 
her  usual  inconsistency,  threw  tlie  envoys  into  prison  for  their  auda- 
city. After  the  usual  luuniliation  they  were  set  free  and  composi- 
tion was  made  for  seven  years  j)urvcyance. 

Parliament  hnd  confiscated  Ulster.  Talang  possession  was  ano- 
ther matter.  To  Su-  Thomas  Smith  had  been  gTanted  ^s({i  in 
Down,  and  his  son  to  civilize  the  natives  led  there  a  colonv,  iait 
O'Xeil  of  Clannaboy  slew  him,  leaving  liim  little  time  to  carry  out 
his  benevolent  purposes.  Essex  with  the  queen  planned  to  send  out 
two  thousand  settlers,  and  the  earl  raising  ten  thousand  pounds  on 
his  English  estates,  proceeded  to  possess  himself  of  Glyns,  Eouta, 
and  Clannaboy,  partly  occupied  by  the  Scots.  Erom  Con  O'Donncl 
son  of  Calvah  who  came  to  greet  him,  he  wrested  Lifford,  his  prin- 
cipal castle,  and  whilst  receiving  the  hospitalities  of  Brian  O'Xeil  of 
Clannaboy,  eldest  branch  of  the  Ily  Nials  he  seized  liim,  his  brother 
and  wife,  and  hung  and  quartered  them  at  Dublin.  His  settlement 
did  not  prosper,  and  in  a  few  months  he  was  poisoned  Sept.  22, 
1576,  at  Dublin,  by  Leicester  who  married  his  widow.  Smith 
wasted  some  thought  and  money  on  Ards,  but  to  little  use,  for  King 
James  taking  it  away  from  his.  heirs  gave  it  to  one  of  his  Scotch 
favorites.  Some  remains  of  that  of  Essex  in  Cavan  are  still  held 
by  his  descendants  of  another  name. 

One  of  the  last  acts  of  Sydney  before  he  quitted  Leland  forever, 
casts  a  cloud  on  a  character  generally  estimable.  With  his  know- 
ledge and  assent  the  chiefs  of  Leix,  O^Moores,  Kellevs,  Lalors, 
Davoys,  Macavoys,  Doraus  and  Dowlings,  three  or  four  hundred 
in  number,  were  invited  to  a  conference  at  ^Nlullamast  on  the  pul>lic 
faith  and  under  protecti(m  of  the  government,  and  there  slaughtered 
in  cold  blood ;  one  of  the  Lah)rs  who  had  the  wit  to  discover  what 
was  intending,  shunning  the  snare  by  timely  flight  and  Avarnin"- 
others  on  their  way.  A\'ell  might  the  retiring  deputy  l)emoan  his 
twenty  years  service  whit;h  had  made  him  twenty  thousand  pounds 
poorer,  and  leA  liim  five  thousand  in  debt.     It  was  to  his  credit  that 


1875.]  Jransfer  of  Erin,  93 

he  did  not  enrich  his  family  witli  Irish  land??,  and  that  Sir  Philip 
his  son  had  no  part  or  work  in  Irish  conquests.  He  gave  up  the 
sword  of  state  to  Sir  William  Drury  a^  lord  chief  justice,  ^lay  2G, 
1575.  A  nionta  later  llury  O'.\[(^ore,  long  the  terror  of  the  pale 
from  his  exploits,  after  ]>urning  Xnas,  Leigliton  and  other  places 
foil  in  a  skirmish  with  Brian  Oge  Gilpatric.  Sydney  had  not  actu- 
ally taken  his  departure.  On  his  way  with  an  army  to  Oftaly  and 
LcLx  to  repress  disturbances,  he  heard  of  Rory's  death,  and  proceed- 
ing to  Kilkennv,  made  examples  of  all  who  who  ha<l  befriended  him. 
Thither  came  'Drurv  to  complain  of  Desmond.  He  sent  for  the 
earl  and  reconciled  them.  After  the  death  of  Drury  in  September, 
1579,  Sir  William  Pelham  was  chosen  in  his  stead. 

All  Ireland  was  Catholic,  but  in  no  condition  single  handed  to 
cause  her  religious  rights  to  be  respected.  Indeed  when  her  own  faith 
had  been  paramount"^  bad  examples  weakened  claim  to  toleration. 
James  Fitzraaurice  solicited  pope  and  king,  till  Philip  of  Spam 
retaliating  for  the  help  Elizabeth  had  given  his  protestant  subjects 
furnished^some  troops  and  supplies.  Stukely  an  addled  adventurer 
was  entrusted  witli  the  command  which  he  spent  with  his  own  life 
in  battle  with  the  ]\[oors.  Fitzmaurice  gathering  the  few  survivors 
landed  at  Smerwick,  July,  1579.  Desmond  invited  Claucarthy  to 
arm,  but  pursued  himself  a  vacillating  cause.  His  friend  Davels 
sent  to  dissuade  him  from  committing  himself  was  murdered  in  bed  by 
his  brother.  Fitzmaurice  was  slain  soon  after  on  a  pilgrimage  to 
Holy-Cross  by  Burke  of  Castle  Connel.  Drury  gathered  what 
force  he  could  against  Sir  John,  now  in  command  of  the  Catholics. 
For  many  weeks  the  strife  continued,  till  at  ^Monastenagh  the  Eng- 
lish under  Malby  gained  a  victory.  Papers  in  possession  of  Allen  a 
Jesuit,  slain  in  the  battle,  compromised  Desmond  who  concluded  it 
best  to  declare  himself.  Efforts  were  made  to  change  his  pur- 
pose, at  an  interview  Oct.  30,  between  Ormond  and  himself,  but 
to  obtain  better  terms  by  prolonging  the  strife  he  resumed  hostilities, 
and  swept  bare  the  country  to  the  Suir,  wasting  Barry,  Fernaoy,  and 
Imokilly,  and  with  the  aid'of  Dermod  O'Sullivan  reducing  Youghal, 
what  was  of  value  being  removed  to  his  other  castles,  Strabally 
and  Lefmonen.  His  success  did  not  long  continue.  The  English 
forces  increased  in  strength  as  his  dwindled.  Their  artillery  to  the 
astonishment  of  the  Irish  battered  down  castles  deemed  impregnable. 
Pelhara  spared  neither  sex  nor  ao-e,  infirm  or  idiotic.  Sir  James 
Fitzgerald  was  taken  prisoner  by  McCarthy  Reagh,  and  executed  by 
Raleigh,  and  the  earl  and  his  countess,  his  brother,  and  Saunders  hiS 
religious  and  military  advi'^er  with  a  small  following  were  fugitives. 

In  August,  1580,  Lord  Grey  de  Wilton,  later  one  of  the  com- 
missioners who  condemned  Mary  Queen  of  Scots  at  Fothering- 
gay,  and  who  justified  her  execution,  landed  as  lord  deputy,  and 
proceeded  at  once  into  Wicklow  to  attack  the  O'Bymes,  who  with 
Cavanaghs,  OTools,  one  of  the  Fitzgeralds  of  I\jldare  and  Eustace, 
lord  of  Baltinglas,  were  in  arms.     The  van  of  his  army  fell  into 


94  Transfer  of  Erin.  [Jan. 

ambuscade  in  the  pas3  of  Crlenmalurc,  few  escapinfr.  Amonn;  tliose 
who  fell  were  Sir  Peter  Carew,  one  of  the  sons  of  the  ehiiniunt  of 
Idrone,  his  brother  George,  afterwards  president  of  Munster,  being 
held  back  from  onteriTig  tlic  pasfa  by  Ills  uuclc.  Against  the 
Spaniards  who  had  landed  at  Smerwick,  Grey  led  a  large  force, 
gathering  m  numbers  as  he  advani-ed,  into  jverry  and  inve-tod 
the  fort  del  Oro  they  had  constructed.  The  .S[)aJiiards  not  adequately 
supported  by  the  Irish  Catholics,  finally  surrendered  as  their  anna- 
list says  under  promise  of  protection,  but  they  were  all  cut  to  pieces, 
and  Grey  admits  it  was  by  his  direction. 

The  wliole  country  except  Ulster  which  enjoyed  a  brief  respite  of 
quiet  was  in  arms.  John,  st)n  of  Clanrickard,  pruliered  implicit 
obedience  to  his  elder  brother  Ulick  if  he  would  help  to  expel  the 
English  from  the  family  domains.^  All  the  O'Briens  but  Donough 
who  succeeded  in  1580  his  father  Conor  as  fourth  earl,  and  Torlogh 
the  sheriff  of  Clare,  marshalled  their  men.  They  devastated  Clan- 
rickard, demolishing  numerous  castles,  not  sparing  their  own  lest 
they  should  harbor  the  foe.  Sir  John  Fitzgerald,  worthy  successor  of 
James  Fitzmnurice  as  general  of  the  Geraldines,  brave  and  enter- 
prising, defeated  in  succession  whatever  troops  were  sent  to  oppose 
him  by  Ormond,  now  sweeping  havoc  through  Tipperary  and  Kil- 
kenny, norw  at  Tralee,  then  from  Glcnmalure  marching  too  late  to 
the  relief  of  the  Spanisli  garrison  at  Smerwick.  Ormond  influenced 
Clancarthy,  who  had  been  discouraged  by  the  wavering  course  of  his 
brother-in-law  Desmond  at  the  outset,  O'Suilivans .  of  Dunkerron 
and  Beare,  O'Donoghue  Mor,  Mahony,  McDonogh,  O'Keefte  and 
Macauley  to  be  at  least  neutral,  and  to  join  him  in  June  24  on  his 
route  to  Cork.  O'Douoghue  of  Glenfiesk  was  with  the  Geraldines, 
and  when  the  men  of  Carberry  invaded  Bantry,  Donal  O'Sullivan 
Beare  with  a  third  their  number  drove  them  out.  Sir  Cormac  of 
Muskerry  was  steadfast  to  the  queen.  The  Irish  lords  of  Munster 
had  no  cause  to  love  the  Geraldines,  and  were  not  inclined  to  uphold 
a  power,  to  them  always  arbitrary  and  oppressive. 

John  of  Desmond  gathering  to  his  standard  his  dispossessed  kinsmen 
the  O'Carrolls,  Moores  and  Connors  in  Leix  and  Oftaly,  harried 
Ossory,  plundering  seven  towns  in  a  day.  Grey  returned  to  Dublin 
to  find  the  leaders  of  tlic  pale,  disgusted  at  his  overbearing  course,  in 
league  against  the  government.  Kildare  and  Delvin  were  arrested 
but  released.     Lord  Nugent  and  forty-five  more  were  executed. 

Desmond  now  lurking  in  glen  and  forest,  now  at  the  head  of 
considerable  armaments,  wasting  and  destroying,  ranging  throu"-h 
Cork  and  Kerry,  one  day  at  Cork  and  then  knocking  at  the  gates 
of  the  capital,  baified  pursuit.  In  June,  1581,  whilst  encamped  at 
Glen  Aghadoe  near  Killarney  with  three  thousand  men,  he  allowed 
himself  to  be  surprised  by  Zouch  and  badly  cut  up,  but  two  mouths 
later  he  pillagfid  Cashel  and  overcame  an  army  collected  from  the 
neighboring'  g:irrisons,  slaying  four  hundred.  At  Christmas  he  de- 
stroyed Kiifeacle  in  Tipperary.      Unfortunately  for  the   cause  his 


1875.]  Transfer  of  Erin.  95 

brother  John,  sent  to  adjust  a  quarrel  between  Barry  and  the 
Scnc:jehal  ot"  Iniokillj,  l)otrayed  by  a  spy  to  Zouch  and  Dowdal, 
was  wayhiid  1iy  them  and  shiin.  The"  sona  of  Kerry  imprisoned  at 
Limcnelc  ciiccted  ihi-Ir  t'fxape  and  attacked  Ardfert,  killing  its  com- 
mander and  provokinir  reprisals.  'Jhelr  father  when  Ik;  found  Iiis 
territory  subjected  to  spoliation  joined  Desmond,  but  repenting  of 
his  raslmess  made  peace.  Grey  went  home  in  August,  and 
Orniond  now  president  of  Munster  gave  the  finishing  blow  to 
a  war  already  exhausted.  Desmond  continued  for  a  year  longer  to 
evade  all  attempt  at  capture,  but  in  November,  1583,  near  Tralee, 
without  food,  he  sent  his  galiow  glasses  in  search  of  it,  who  drove 
off  the  kine  of  a  ^ndow  of  one  of  thcT  Moriarties.  Her  brother-in- 
law  followed  their  trail  to  Glenakilty,  and  breaking  into  a  hut  where 
the  earl  was  sleeping  wounded  him  in  the  arm.  Hoping  to  stay  their 
violence,  he  declared  who  he  was,  but  they  carried  him  captive  domi 
the  glen,  when  fearing  a  rescue  Daniel  O'Kelley  cut  oft  his  head,  wliich 
sent  by  Ormond  to  the  queen  for  a  time  decorated  London  bridge. 

With  Gerald  ended  the  rule  of  the  Geraldines  in  Munster.  The 
growth  of  four  centuries  of  wrong  and  robbery  as  many  years  had 
sufficed  to  overthrow.  From  Youci:hal  to  Dingle  extended  the  vast 
possessions  of  his  house,  and  a  large  part  of  Munster  when  its 
power  was  in  the  ascendant  yielded  to  its  exactions.  Too  proud  to 
be  pliant  and  conform  as  Butlers  and  O'Briens  to  royal  caprice  and 
course  of  events,  he  stood  fast  by  the  faith  of  his  fathers,  and  his  long 
imprisonment  and  the  partiality  shown  Ormond  in  their  quaiTels 
rankled  in  his  breast.  It  was  not  however  before  his  brother  had  been 
slain,  and  his  remain?  treated  with  indignity  that  he  committed  himself 
to  hostilities,  but  when  once  compromised  he  persevered  with  vigor, 
and  without  further  vacillation.  For  a  moment  at  the  instance 
of  his  amiable  and  devoted  wife,  he  thought  of  submission,  but  re- 
membering how  short  a  slu'ift  Tudors  gave  their  A^ctims,  and  that 
he  lad  nothing  to  hope  from  queen  or  Ormond,  he  accepted  his  fate. 
He  may  not  have  been  very  politic,  but  his  character,  composed  of 
many  elements  of  strength  both  of  temper  and  principle,  is  interest- 
ing a?  an  historical  study.  His  widow  survived  him  seventy-three 
years,  dying  in  1656.  James  his  son  the  sixteenth  earl  died  in  IGOl, 
and  his  kinsman  James  the  seventeenth  or  Sugan  earl  in  1G08,  both 
in  the  tower  of  London.  The  last  descendant  of  Thomas,  behead- 
ed at  Drogheda  in  1467,  of  the  male  line  of  Desmond,  died  in  1787. 
Gerald's  daughters  married  O'Connor  of  Connaught,  Dermod 
O'SuUivan  Beare,  Sir  Donal  O'Brien,  brother  of  the  fourth  Thomond 
and  ancestor  of  the  viscounts  Clare,  the  fifth  of  whom  commanded 
the  Iri-^h  brigade  at  Fontenoy,  Lord  Dunboyne  and  Sir  Valentine 
Browne,  ancestor  of  the  earls  of  Kenmare. 

Peace  was  proclaimed,  but  Ulster  had  not  submitted.  O'Donnel 
burnt  Strabane  where  dwelt  the  English  O'Xeil.  O'Connors  con- 
tested at  Dublin  a  wager  of  battle,  over  which  presided  Archbishop 
Loftus,  one  cutting  oli'the  head  of  the  other.     Perrot,  now  deputy, 


96  Transfer  of  Ei-in.  [Jm. 

executed  an  O'Brien  nt  Quin  by  poundlnrr  Inm  to  deatli,  and  Bin^diam 
seventy  persons  at  Gahvay,  worrying  both  Ijloods  into  resl.-tance. 
Connaught  was  divided  into  six  counties,  Ulster  into  seven.  J n  !May , 
1585,  the  parliament  presented  an  unwonted  sight;  ehieft  in  native 
costuuie  Hocked  to  the  capital,  and  at'icr  h.ng  debate  and  much  hesita- 
tion tlie  Desmond  estates  were  confiscated,  a  tru^t  C(,)nveyancc  thirteen 
years  before  being  set  aside  by  an  ex  ]>ost  i'acto  statute.  Of  574,t"ii*8 
acres  forfeited  by  the  earl  and  one  hundred  and  forty  of  his  kins- 
men, large  portions  were  restored  to  Condons,  Fitzgibbon  and  other 
Geraldiues.  Loss  than  half  were  granted  in  thirty-three  seignories 
to  undertakers  in  parcels  generally  of  twelve  thousand  acres,  each 
grant  conditioned  on  the  settlement  of  eighty-six  families.  It  was 
estimated  that  thus  twenty  thousand  English  would  avail  themselves 
of  the  very  reasonable  terms  offered  to  come  over.  Some  that  came 
took  under  several  landlords.  The  old  race  soon  repossessed  them- 
eelves  as  tenants  at  low  rents  of  nmch  of  the  land ;  several  of  the 
grantees  sold  out  to  speculators ;  the  powerf'ul  at  court  were  per- 
mitted to  retain  without  complying  witli  the  conditions. 

Raleigh  for  a  brief  period  took  up  his  abode  at  Youghal,  of  which 
pkce  he  served  as  major.  His  house  at  ^Myrtle  Grove,  where  he 
dwelt,  and  where  he  planted  the  potato  brought  from  America, 
remains  much  as  when  he  left  it.  The  widow  of  the  twelfth  Des- 
mond, 14G4-1604,  already  aged,  resided  on  his  grant  in  the  castle  of 
Inchiquin.  His  restless  spirit  led  to  expense  and  his  forty  thou- 
sand acres  were  sold  to  Kichard  13uyle  first  earl  of  Cork,  who  coming 
into  Ireland  with  less  than  thirty  pounds,  had  a  rental  when  he  died 
of  forty  thousand.  Askeaton  and  Lismore,  homes  of  the  Des- 
monds, were  his,  and  passed  with  much  else  of  his  vast  accumula- 
tions through  Cliffords  to  the  dukes  of  Devonshire. 

Not  the  feast  distinguished  among  tlie  undertakers  was  Edmund 
Spenser,  who  at  the  age  of  twenty-seven  in  1580  as  private  secretary 
att  mded  lord  Grey  atlhe  Smenvick  slaughter.  SLs  years  later  lord 
of  Kilcolman  Castle,  and  three  thousand  acres  on  the  Mulla  near 
Fermoy  in  the  county  Cork  part  of  the  spoils,  he  there  composed  his 
Fairy  Queen  and  entertained  Raleigh,  whom  he  accompanied  to 
London  to  publish  it  in  1591.  There  again  afterwards,  while  clerk 
of  the  Munster  council,  he  wrote  his  view  of  Ireland,  an  able  work, 
and  took  to  wife  an  Irish  maiden,  one  of  his  children  perishing  in 
the  conflagration  of  his  castle  in  the  Tyrone  war  of  1598,  which 
year  he  died  poor  in  London,  as  Ben  Jon  son  \vTites  Drummond  of 
Hawthornden.  His  poem  derived  incident  and  illustration  from  his 
experience  and  observation  in  a  land  Avhere  knights  eiTant,  forlorn 
damsels  and  perilous  adventure  abounded,  where  spectres  and  seem- 
ingly supernatural  occurrences  haunted  the  popular  imagination,  and 
characters  of  noblest  heroism  or  basest  brutality,  combined  with 
desperate  conflicts,  cruel  martyrdoms  and  shattered  thrones,  amidst 
natural  scenery  of  great  varu-ty  and  beauty  to  afford  material  VvTOUght 
into  iaipciishable  verse  by  his  poetic  genius. 


1875.] 


The  Toicnshend  Faraily. 


97 


TILE  T0^V:NSHEXD  FAISIILY. 

By  Chatiles  Hervt.y  Tov->-send,  Esq.,  of  New-Haven,  Ct. 

The  Townsetid  or  Towuslieml  families  cf 
Eiiulaud  and  America  are  of  jxiixed  ^"axou 
and  Norman  origin  and  of  great  antiquity 
in  tbe  county  Norfolk,  England. 

"Weaker  Atte  Townsliende,  son  of  Sir 
Lodovic  de  Townshende,  a  Norman  noble- 
man whom  Collins  in  his  Pecrag-^  of 
England  puts  at  the  head  of  this  family, 
flourished  soon  after  the  Conquest.  This 
Lodovic  it  seems  married  Elizabeth  da 
Hauteville,  solo  heir  of  iiaynham  daughter 
of  Sir  Thomas  de  Haut^.ville,  of  tho  famotis 
family  of  de  Hauteville  or  Havile,  whivii 
family  at  this  time  appear  to  have  been  a  most  imiKjrtanc  one.  They  were 
of  Norman  extraction,  and  settling  in  the  county  of  Norfolk  beoame  pos- 
sessed of  a  cousiderable  property  said  to  have  been  granted  them  by  ^\  ii- 
liam  the  Conqueror,  which  by  marriage  came  to  tlie  Townseud  famdy. 

We  find  the  name  in  ancient  deeds  written  thus:  Ad-Finem-A'il!e.  Ad- 
Exitum-Yille.  William  Ad-Exitum-Yillf,  that  is  Townsend  or_  Tunnes- 
hende,  held  considerable  lands  of  the  prior  of  Norwiche's  lordship  in  Taver- 
ham,  Norfolk,  in  th.=  reign  of  King  John,  A.D.  1200.  In  the  reign,  of  Htinry 
III.  A.D.  1217-72,  lived  Thomas  Atte  Tunneshende  of  West  Herling  ;  and 
in  1290  lived  William  Atte  Tune'sende.  In  130-i  John,  son  of  Thomas 
Atte  Tunnesende,  died,  leaving  Alice  his  widow,  and  William  his  son  who 
was  married  in  130G.  This  family  -were  possessed  of  valuable  estates,^  and 
their  seal  was  a  cheveron  between  three  escollop  shells,  the  arms  ot  the 
family  to  this  day. 

There  were  several  of  the  name  living  in  Norfolk  about  the  beginning  of 
the  l-4th  century,  and  from  them  no  doifbt  the  vi.rlous  families  of  the  name 
sprang.  Anno  Domini  1319,  Richard  Aite-Towneshende,  of  Eincham.  con- 
veyed lands.  »S;c.,  with  the  services  of  divers  men,  to  Adam  de  Fincham,  and 
in  the  church  of  St.  ilartyn  s,  Fincham,  on  the  pavement  near  the  lowest 
soufli  V. inilow,  lies  a  grave-stone,  to  v.-hieh  was  once  fixed  a  brass  plate  with 
a  long  Latin  inscription  memorative  to  Thomas  Tow-usend,  a  probable  de- 
.soeudaiit  of  this  family,  and  which  is  now  preserved  in  the  church  chest,  but 
itiiich  b~okt;)i. 

In  1371.  Peter  Atte  Townesend  was  presented  with  the  living  of  Great 
Winchingham  by  the  king  and  nominated  by  the  bishop.  There  was  a 
William  Atte  Tounsiud  whose  son  Thomas  settled  his  estates  in  Thorp- 
Jand  and  Barsluim  in  Norfolk  on  his  son  John,  by  deed  dated  July  1 1,  1377. 
This  John  v.-as  living  at  Snoring  Magna,  A.D.  139G,  and  afterward  settled  at 
Eaynhara. 

Roger  de  Townshende,  who  by  wif:;  Catherine,  daughter  of  John  Ather- 
ton,  of  the  co.  Sussex,  was  father  of  Sir  Thomas  de  Townshend,  whose 
wife  was  Agnes,  daueliter  of  WilliaTn  Payne,  gentleman.  This  Sir  Thomas 
was  buried  in  the  choir  of  White  Friars'  Church  in  Fleet  Street,  Londo:i, 

VOL.    XXi.X.  9 


98  The  Townshend  Famihj.  [Jan. 

April  1,  1421,  and  his  son  and  heir  Roger  was  wedded  to  Eleanor,  dav.g^-.ter 
of  Sir  Thomas  Giggs,  of  Rollesby,  in  co.  Norfolk,  aiid^  had  issue  Jobn 
Townsend;  son  and  lieir,  who  married  Joan,  daughter  and  iieir  of  Sir  Robert 
Lunsford,  of  Rumford  in  00.  lv;3es ;  his  will  is  dated  Feb.  IG,  1405,  and 
proved  Jaa.  4,  IIGG.  Ho  orders  his  body  to  be  buried  in  the  middle  of  the 
church  of  St.  IVfary's,  Raynham,  before  "the  image  of  the  crucifix  of  our 
Lord,  and  appoints  one  secular  priest  to  celebrate,  for  his  soul  and  that  of 
his  wife,  for  the  space  of  20  years.  By  this  match  the  Townsend  family 
have  right  to  bear  the  arras"  of  Lnnsford,  Barrington,  Belhouse,  Marcy 
Manderville,  Earl  of  Essex,  &c.  By  the  .«aid  Joan  Lunsford  tWs  John 
Towuseud  ha<l  one  S'in  Roger  and  four  daughters. 

Roger  Townsend,  Esq.,  sou  and  heir,  was  entered  a  student  of  Lincoln's 
Inn,  and  elected  a  governor  and  lent  reader  in  14CI.  In  14GS  was  trustee 
in  purchi-^ing  the  Lordship  at  Wincliingham,  St.  Mary's.  In  1472  was 
member  of  parliament  for  Calme,  in  VV' iltshire ;  and  in  1476  he  purchased 
the  remainder  of  the  Lordship  of  Havile,  Raynham.,  so  that  the  v.dioic  estate 
was  then  in  this  fan:iily.  In  1477  he  was  called  to  the  degree  of  sergeant- 
at-law;  in  1480,  summoned  to  be  an  assistant  to  the  house  of  lords  in  pnr- 
liament;  and  in  14S5  was  made  king's  scrgeant-at-law,  and  the  year 
following  was  appointed  a  justice  of  the  common  pleas.  King  Henry  VH. 
renewed  bi:  patent,  .xcA  kulgiiled  him  in  his  chamber  at  Worce-Jter,  on 
"Whitsunday  before  the  coronation.  Sir  Roger  dates  his  will  Aug.  14, 1492, 
and  orders 'his  bod}-  to  be  buried  in  the  chapel  of  St.  Katherine's,  in^  the 
church  of  St.  Mary's,  Roynham,  if  he  fortunes  to  decease  there;  but  if  ju 
London,  in  the  church  of' White  Friars  in  Fleet  Street,  before  the  crucifix. 
He  leaves  legacies  to  his  daughters,  and  mentions  son  Thomas :  makes 
Eleanor,  his  w'fe,  sole  executrix  and  guardian  to  his  eldest  sou  Roger,  on 
whom  ho  entails  his  property.  His  will  v.a.s  proved  1403,  and  his  -nife 
Eleanor  survived  him,  and  in  her  will  dated  Nov.  9,  1490,  she  orders  her 
body  to  be  buried  by  the  high  altar  in  the  chancel  of  the  church  of  St. 
Mary's,  Raynham.  and  a  new  tomb  to  be  made  for  her  husband,  and  her 
bones,  upon  which  tomb  to  be  graven  a  sepulchre  for  Easter-day,  if  a  chapel 
be  not  made  at  her  decease,  and  if  a  chapel  be  made  then  she  would  'ce 
buried  with  her  husband  there.  She  appoints  Sir  Robert  Clere,  kut.,  her 
executor,  and  her  will  was  proved  Oct.  S,  loOO. 

Roger  Towneshend,  eldest  son  of  the  Ju<lge,  was  bred  to  the  law,  and 
among  other  gentlemen  of  worth  and  dignity  of  the  co.  Norfolk  was  ap- 
pointed a  commissioner  by  act  of  parliament  for  raising  the  sum  of  £1G;3,000 
by  a  poll-tax  in  1.513  for  defraying  the  expense  of  taking  Teroven  and 
Tournay.  Li  IJilS  he  covenanted  to  serve  the  'King  with  ten  men-at-arms; 
was  she'riS"  of  Norfolk  and  Suffolk  loll,  loIS,  lo2.'^,  and  one  of  the  masters 
of  the  courts  of  ret^uest  in  l.'i20,  serving  also  the  same  year  as  one  of  the 
King's  Council  with  the  Bishop  of  Lincoln.  On  Jan.  1,  1539,  he^  attended 
the  Duke  of  Norfolk  at  the  marri;ige  reception  of  King  Henry  VIII.,  and 
was  knighted  1545,  on  the  return  of  the  king  from  Boulogme,  and  on  the 
death  of  that  monarch  vvas  commissioned  to  take  care  of  the  peace  of  the 
CO.  Norfolk.  He  was  a  gentleman  of  great  honor  and  worth,  both  at  home 
and  at  court,  and  was  one  of  the  king's  privy  council.  His  wife  was  Anne, 
daughter  and  co-heir  of  Sir  William  de  Brewse,  who  was  from  a  very  ancient 
family  which  held  by  descent  a  great  estate,  and  brought  high  honors  into 
the  family,  she  beim^  connected  by, birth  v.dth  many  of  the  ancient  nobility. 
In  his  wi'll,  v/hich  bears  d:Ue  Jul)  31,  1551,  he  calls  himself  son  and  heir  of 
Sir  Roger  Townshend,  dtcea,sed,  and  orders  his  body  to  be  buried  in  the 


1875.]  The  Towyishcnd  Family.  99 

church  of  East  "Rnynham  by  Amy,  his  wife,  if  ho  fortune  to  depart  withiu 
the  shire  of  Norfolk  ;  h  jves  betjuests  to  his  sous  an<l  dauL^ditcrs,  uud  makes 
his  great  grand-sou  IJogor  (theu  a  minor),  sou  of  Richard,  lately  dfjcewcd, 
sou  of  his  -.on  John,  also  dt^ceascd,  his  heir  apparent  when  lie  attains  the  ago 
of  27  years.  Ajipoiuts  his  sous  George  and  Thomas  his  executor^;,  and  hi.? 
will  wai  proved  May  10,  15u2,  and  he  was  buried  in  the  church  of  St. 
Mary's,  K;'yuhjiii.  As  both  these  Sir  Roger  Townshends  left  wills,  in 
which  all  their  children  are  mentioned,  it  is  evident  that  Collins  and  Ulome- 
ficid  have  made  an  error  iu  calling  them  the  same  person. 

Sir  Roger  Tounsend,  heir  to  his  great-grandfather  Sir  Roger  atoresaid, 
and  ancestor  to  the  present  Marquis  Towushend.  Earl  Sydney,  Viscount 
Raynham  and  Lord  Bayning,  was  afterward  a  celebrated  commander,  and 
brought  his  own  ships  into  the  service  of  his  country  during  the  time  of  the 
Spanish  armada  iu  loSS,  and  showing  such  undaunted  spirit  and  bravery, 
was  knighted  at  sea  the  2Gth  of  July  of  the  same  year  by  the  ]^ord  High 
Admiral  Charles  Howard,  with  the  Lords  Howard,  Lord  Shelueld.  John 
Hawkins  and  Martyn  Frobisher;  and  as  his  name  is  mentioned  before  tho 
two  last,  his  command  was  no  doubt  a  most  importatit  one.  On  the  tapestry 
banging  on  the  Viails  of  the  house  of  lords  was  embroidered  Lord  Howard 
and  his  captains,  one  of  which  was  this  Sir  Roger.  He  died  at  Newington, 
CO.  iNTiddlesex,  .Tune  oO,  1590,  and  was  buried  in  the  church  of  St.  Giles, 
Cripple-gate,  Loudon. 

As  the  bistory  of  the  chief  branch  of  this  family  has  been  written  several  . 
times  within  the  past  century,  we  will  not  continue  it  further,  but  will  here 
notice  the  ditierent  modes  of  spelling  the  name.  The  first  part  Atte  seems 
to  have  been  dropped  during  the  14th  century,  and  from  this  time  down  to 
the  dawn  of  puritanism,  as  many  as  twelve  ditFerent  ways  of  spelling  the 
name  have  been  found.  Thus:  Townseud,  Tounnyeshende,  Townosheude, 
&c.  About  l.>00  we  learn  it,  became  fashionable  to  cut  down  still  more ;  so 
Towneshende  was  abridged  by  dropping  the  e  in  the  lirst  and  the  h  and  e  in 
the  last  syllabi'  s,  which  abridged  form  seems  at  this  time  to  have  been 
generally  adopted  by  the  different  branches  of  the  family ;  but  soon  after 
the  year  1580,  the  chief  family  at  Raynham  finding  that  this  mode  gave  a 
wrong  signification  to  their  name,  as  they  were  the  land-holders,  stadt  or 
town-holders  of  thxt  section  of  the  county,  they  again  used  the  A  in  the  last 
syllf  ble.  Considering  it  more  correct. 

Burke  says,  in  his  "  Lauded  Gentry,"  that  previous  to  the  ennobling  "  of 
the  English  family,  we  Hud  the  name  as  frequently  spelt  without  the  h  as 
with,  and  according  to  Bloraelield  the  orthography  of  the  old  Townsend 
ilonuuirats  at  Raynham  is  similar.  Spelling,  however,  in  those  days  was 
iiot  cun>idered  a  matter  of  much  importance,  and  it  seems  not  improbable 
that  Townshend  is  the  most  correct,  hend  being  derived  from  /tand  (Saxon 
henden),  or  the  Latin  root  hendere,  onlv  used  in  composition,  to  take,  to 
hold:' 

Having  enlarged  on  the  orthography  of  this  ancient  family  name,  we  turn 
our  attention  to  the  line  of  Robert  Townshend,  second  son  of  Sir  Roger,  by- 
wife  Anne  de  Rrewse,  who  married  AJice,  daughter  and  one  of  the  heirs  of 
Robert  Poppy,  Esq.,  of  co.  Norfolk.  This  Robert  in  his  father's  will  is 
called  Sir  Robert  Townshend,  knt.,  and  he  bequeaths  him  his  "  Cheyne  of 
Gold."  Sir  Robert  was  oi  the  Society  of  Lincoln's  Inn  in  the  early  part  of 
the  reign  of  King  Henry  VIII.,  bocomlnrr  as  eminent  as  his  ancestor  in  the 
study  uf  law,  and  with  his  father  attended  tlie  Duke  of  Norfolk  at  the  recep- 
tion of  Ludy  Anne,  daughter  of  John,  Duke  of  Cleves,  who  married  King 


100  The  Townshend  Family,  [Jan. 

Henry  Vlir.,  Jan.  1,  1539.  lie  was  afterwanl  made  king's  serjreant-at-Iaw 
in  l.>n,  and  kni^rhte(l  by  Henry  VIII.  at  Ilampton  Court,  on  Trinity  Sun- 
day, 15-15,  and  the  same  year  made  lord  chief  justice  of  Chesfer,  in  which 
post  he  was  continued  by  both  King  Kdward  VI.  and  Queen  Mary.  He 
deceased  on  Feb.  8,  1555-G,  possessed  of  the  manor  and  rectoiy  of  Gav.^t, 
an  advowson  of  tlie  vicaraL,^e  of  the  churdi,  the  manor  of  Swanton,  Foxier, 
and  Soutimell  in  Norfolk,  and  tlie  priory  ;uid  Iiour-e  of  St.  Au;^ustine  in 
Liid]o\\,  Salof..  Sir  Robert  was  buried  in  tlie  )ii;,di  nhancel  ot'  Ludlow 
church^  in  an  altar  tomb,  which  is  a  remarkable  exatn}>le  of  an  earlv  and 
very  rich  classic  monument  of  the  times.  On  the  top  of  it,  cut  in  m'arble, 
are  the  full  length  recumbent  figures  of  himself  dressed  in  full  armor,  and 
his  lady  in  the  costume  of  her  day,  while  figures  of  his  children  surround  the 
base  of  the  tomb.  Over  the  monument,  built  in  the  solid  masonry  of  the 
chancel,  is  a  beautiful  gotliic  arch,  and  the  family  crest,  a  buck  trippant. 
crowns  the  whole  fabric,  which  is  decorated  with  escollop  shells  and'othor 
insignias  of  the  family;  above  the  monument  on  the  walls  are  the  Townsend 
arms,  quartered  with  the  de  Hauteville,  do  Brewse,  Gifford,  Lunsford, 
Schardlow,  Carbonnek  Curson,  Poppy  and  others;  and  beneath  the  bea'itiinl 
Gothic  window,  of  stained  glass,  is  this  inscription  :  "  Memento  I>Iori  Kospice 
Finara,"  Anno  Domini  I5isi,  and  aronn-l  the  coping  of  the  top  of  the  tomb: 
"Ile.'-e  lyeth  lac  l^dy  of  Sir  Hubert  Tuw  luisliemie,  Kni,s,hN  Chief  .lusiice  of 
the  Council!  in  the  Marches  of  Wales  &  Chester,  and  Dame  Alice,  }i:s  wife, 
tiaught(>r  and  one  of  t:ic  heirs  of  Kobert  I'oppy,  Fsquire,  v/Lo  had  between 
them  12  children,  6  sons  &  G  daughters  lawfully  begotten."  On  the  pan- 
nelling  of  the  monument  are  the  names  of  his  cliildren,  but  time  has  ob- 
literated most  of  them.  The  names,  however,  of  Thomas,  Kobert,  Isaac  and 
Henry  are  still  visible.  This  Sir  Robert  Townshend  died  at  Salon,  Feb. 
8,  1556.  and  from  an  inquisition  taken  at  Norwich,  April  26,  1550,  and  at 
Salop  11th  of  Aug.  following,  Thomas  Townsend  of  Bracon  Ash,  Norfolk, 
was  found  to  be  his  heir,  who  was  at  that  time  22  years  of  age,  and  was 
seized  of  the  manor  of  Suton,  Swanton  and  Folsham,'in  Folsham,  with  Fox- 
ley  manor  in  Twyfurd,  which  came  to  him  by  Alice  his  mother,  dautrhter 
and  heir  of  Robert  Poppy,  Esq. 

Thomas  Townsend,  Esq.,  eldest  son  of  Sir  Robert,  in  1558  presented 
the  advowson  of  the  church  of  Twyford,  and  in  1568  he  passed  this  manor 
to  Rowland  Hayvvard.  He  was  married  June  27,  1558,  to  his  first  wife  the 
Lady  Elizabeth  Style,  daugliter  of  George  I'eriente,  gentleman,  of  Dijiswell, 
CO.  Hertford,  and  widow  of  Sir  Humphry  Styles,"of  Lauo-ly,  sheriff"  of 
Kent,  1513,  and  one  of  the  esquires  of  King  Henry  VIII.  He  was  after- 
wards lord  of  the  manors  of  Hethill,  Pennes.''Stanfie'ld  Hall,  Carlton  Curson, 
Carltoa  Peveral,  and  held  interest  in  other  manors  and  the  advowson  of  the 
church  of  Bracon-Ash.  He  acknowled^jed  the  receipt  of  the  Herrino-  Pyes 
of  the  sheritF  of  Norwich,  Sept.  4,  157(>,  and  the  year  following  llet-hill- 
Greer:  was  divided  between  him  and  that  city.  On  Auf^.  16.  1578,  he  en- 
tertained Queen  Elizabeth  at  Bracon-Ash  Hall,  where  "he  dined  while  on 
her  progress  through  Norfolk  to  Norsvich,  and  the  Lady  Elizabeth  Style 
his  wife  was  afterwards  the  recipient  of  a  beautiful  gilt  bowl  from  her 
majesty  on  account  of  the  great  hospitality  shown  her  while  at  Bracon-Ash. 
By  this  lady  he  had  several  children,  but  all  died  youni:  except  Henry,  who 
was  baptized  "ye  last  of  May  1568."  The  lady  Elizabeth  Style  was 
buried  June  30,  1580. 

Thomas  Townsend  married  '(yw  2d  wife,  1581-2,  Anne  daughter  of  Henry 
D'Oyly,  Esq.,  of  Puad-Hall,  Hadieigh,  co.  Suffolk,  and  of  Shottisbam,  Nor- 


1875.]  The  Townshend  Family.  101 

wich,  CO.  Norfolk.  By  this  lady,  who  was  many  years  his  junior,  he  had 
geveral  children,  and  all  dii'd  yi'iHig  exctjjit  Alice,  baptized  iMay  12.  1.383, 
and  IMavy,  baptized  Nov.  7,  158-S.  living  unmarried  ir.24.  Jn  1-385  his 
father-iu-huv  Henry  D'Oyly  !ev:td  a  line  of  Pond-IIall,  Suffolk,  and 
Shottibhaiu,  Norl(,»lk,  and  all  other  of  his  e;5tate  to  him  intru:-t  for  the  bcn-jfit 
of  h;.?  D'Oyly  children.  lie  is  oKen  spoken  of  in  counectiou  with  his  uu-n 
and  the  D'C'yly  e:;tat^8,,  and  t^eonis  to  have  been  quite  a  uiau  of  business, 
leading  the  life  of  a  country  esquire- 

Ilis  daughter  Alice  married  Ambrose  Clyve,  Esq.,  of  Styclie  in  Shrop- 
shire, and  by  him  was  progenitrix  of  the  Lord  Clive  and  Earl  I'owis.  lie 
died  at  r>racon-Ash,  ami  was  buried  June  12,  1.591,  and  a  special  livery 
dated  Westminster,  Nov.  2-3,  of  the  same  year,  Henry  Townsend,  Esq.,  at 
that  time  23  years  of  age,  was  proved  his  son  and  heir.  After  the  decease 
of  Thomas  Townseud,  his  wife  Anne  D'Oyly  married  a  Mr.  "Wilmott,  of 
Stai3brdshire.  Sho  survived  him  also,  and  wedded  thirdly,  in  or  befcre 
1597,  Sir  Robert  Needham,  of  Shenton,  co.  Salop,  knt.,  who  in  1  02-3  v.'as 
created  viscoimt  Kilmorey  in  the  kingdom  of  Ireland. 

Henry  Townseud,  Esq.,  son  of  the  aforesaid  Thomas  by  first  v/ife  Eliza- 
beth Periente  (Lady  Style),  who  was  the  only  sister  of  ^lury  i'eriente, 
second  wife  of  William  Clopton  (son  of  John  Clopton,  and  grandson  of  Sir 
"William  Clopton  of  Kentwell  and  Long  Mel  ford,  co.  Suffolk,  by  his  first 
wife  Joan,  daughter  of  William  Marrow,  of  London),  who  had  sotis  George 
Clopton,  Thomas  Clopton,  and  Townsend  Clopf.07i.  Thomas  Clopton.  son 
and  heir  of  tiie  aforesaid  William  Clopton,  by  wife  Mary  Waldergrave,  had 
Sir  William  Clopton,  who  by  wife  Anne,  daiighter  of  Sir  Thomas  Larnar- 
diston,  was  father  of  Ajane  Clopton,  sole  heir  to  the  knightly  fimily  of 
Clopton  of  Kentvrell  Hall,  co.  Suffolk,  and  wife  of  Sir  Symond  D'Ewes, 
Bart. 

The  aforesaid  Sir  William  Clopton  by  second  wife  Thomasine,  eldest  daugh- 
ter of  Thomas  Knevets,  was  father  of  Ilichard  Clopton  of  Groton,  co.  Suf- 
folk, whose  sou  William  Clopton,  by  wife  Margery  daughter  of  Edmund 
Waldegrave,  was  faiher  of  William  Clopton,  who  married  Alice  dauglitei"  of 
Edmund  D'Oyly,  brother  of  Anne  D'Oyly,  second  wife  of  Thomas  Town- 
send,  Esq.,  father  of  the  said  Henry  Townsend,  who  by  first  wife  ^Largeret 
Forthe,  daughter  of  Robert  Forthe,  was  cousin  of  JNIary  Forthe  first  wife 
of  .'ohn  Winthrop,  Esq.,  governor  of  New-England,  who  married  for  his 
second  wife  Thomasine  Clopton,  sister  of  the  aforesaid  William  Clopton 
of  Groton. 

Henry  Townsend  and  Margaret  Forthe  were  man-ied  loS9-0O.  and  the 
said  Margaret  was  buried  at  Bracon-Ash,  June  23,  1590.     They  had  : — 

\.    EoBtr.T,  bapt.  June  8,  1591. 

ii.    Arthur,    "     Nov.  16,  15'J3,  who  died  young. 

iii.  TiiuMAS,     «•     Jan.  8,  1594-5. 

iv.  EtiZABExn. 

•  By  his  second  wife  Anne,  daughter  and  one  of  the  heirs  of  Berthram 
Calthorpe,  counsellor  of  the  Middle  Temple,  Loudon,  and  of  Antringham 
and  Ormsby,  co.  Norfolk,  he  had  it  is  supposed  no  issue,  a.<  his  will 
which  is  quite  lengthy  speaks  of  none  by  her,  and  it  gives  an  outline  his- 
tory of  the  past  25  years  of  his  life,  a  portion  of  which  he  appears  to 
have  spent  at  Gedding  near  Edwardston  and  Groton,  co.  Suffolk.  Family 
tradition  informs  us,  and  we  have  sufficient  evidence  from  this  will  and 
otherwise  to  prove  that  t;it8  estates  of  Henry  Townsend  were  encumbered 
before  the  death  of  his  fat'Lior,  and  he  sold  Bracou-Ash  to  Sir  Edmund  Riche 

TOL.   ZXIX.  9* 


102  The  Toicnshend  Family.  [Jan. 

in  1509.  In  tliis  will,  datftd  Sept.  10,  162-4,  and  proved  Aucr-  29,  lG2o,  ho 
appoints  li'.s  wtrll  beioved  Williiim  Payne,  of  Nowton,  co.  Suffolk,  gentla- 
man,  his  executor,  and  leaves  his  now'  wife  Anne  an  annual  anuity  of  £40 
lawful  nioney,  towards  her  maintenanee  durin"  her  life. 

To  son  Robert  £100,  to  be  paid  him  by  sinns  of  £100  a  year.  To  hi? 
C'ther  son  Thomas  £30'),  to  be  paid  him  in  sums  of  £50  a  year;  and  to  his 
daughter  Elizabeth  £3o0,  to  be  paid  her  in  sums  of  £50  a  year.  He  leaves 
numerous  bequests  to  others,  and  the  r.-sidue  of  all  hi^  goods,  chattels,  ready 
money  and  debts  of  whatever  kind  and  nature  thfy  be"i  he  wholly  and  free- 
ly gives  to  his  executor  towards  his  charg.^s,  and  for  bringing  his  body  de- 
cently to  the  earth.  This  Henry  Towasend  or  Townshljud.  for  we  find 
his  name  spelt  in  both  ways,  was  buried  at  Gedding.  co.  Suffolk,  Aug.  22, 
1C25,  and  the  original  copy  of  his  will  was  delivered  to  his  executor.  An"-.  5, 
1626.  ° 

^  His  third  son  Thomas  was  born  at  Bracon-Ash,  ami  after  the  sale  of  the 
Norfolk  estates  he  resided  at  Gedding,  co.  Sutfolk,  until  his  majority,  when 
he  moved  to  the  neighborhood  of  London,  where  his  uncle  Thomas  Forthe 
resided,  who  was  son  and  heir  of  Robert  Forthe,  IJ.C.L.  and  LL.D.,  de- 
ceased, whose  funeral  was  solemnized  at  St.  Gregory's  Church,  near  St. 
Paul's,  with  heraldic  ceremonies,  Oct.  13, 1595  ;  he  havhig  died  the  3d  of  tho 
came,  seized  of  the  luauor  of  Le\  ehur;>f,  in  Lambert,  and  of  Palmer  alias 
Tylehurst  in  Croydeu,  both  near  Southwark,  co.  Surrv.  Tradition  and 
family  records  inform  n=:.  that  Thomas  Townsend  came  from  London,  and 
settled  at  Lynn,  in  the  colony  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  about  1635,  and  aa 
John  "Uinthron,  his  cousin,  was  governor  of  this  colony,  it  is  probable  that 
his  puritanical  inclination  caused  him  to  select  a  horaein  New-Englan<btvhere 
many  of  his  kinsmen  and  neighbors  liad  emigrated  a  few  years  before.^  His 
wife  was  Mary,  probably  a  sister  of  John  Newgate  or  Newdigate,  a  mer- 
chant ot  Boston,  who  was  born  in  Soutiiwark,  near  London  bridwe,  in  1590, 
and  who  in  his  will  dated  May  S.  16G5.  calls  him  brother-in-law!" and  leaves 
him  a  legacy  of  £10,  to  be  paid  him  within  one  year  after  his  decease. 

1.  Thomas  To^,vn3ekd  was  granted  GO  acres  of  land  with  Lord  Brook 
and  others  by  the  town  of  Lynn,  in  1638,  and  he  owned  other  lands  near 
thej.ron  works  and  at  Rumney  Marsh,  Chelsea.  His  town-house  and  lot 
of  7  acres  was  on  the  south  side  the  mill  street  near  the  common,  and  next 
the  Mansfield  property,  and  it  was  sold  by  his  grandson  Thomas,  son  of 
Andrew,  to  FJaniel  Mansfield,  of  Lynn,  July  25,  1702. 

Fie  was  made  a  freeman  March  14,  1639,  calls  himself  husbandman  in  his 
well-drawn  deeds  of  gift  to  his  children,  and  from  his  serving  the  cublic  on 
more  than  one  occasion,  seems  to  have  been  an  important  citizen,  and  from 
papers  bearing  his  name,  and  his  beautiful  autograph,  now  to  be  seen  in  the 
secretary  of  state's  office  in  Boston,  we  have  sufficient  evidence  of  his  ablii- 
ty.  He  died  in  Lynn,  Dec.  22,  1677,  aged  83,  and  his  wife  Mary  died  of 
camp-fever,  probably  at  the  house  of  her  son  Andrew,  Feb.  28  1632. 
They  had : — 

2.  i.     Thomas,  bom  about  1637. 

3.  ii.    Saittel,  b.  in  Lynn  ahoat  1633. 

4.  iii.  John,  b.  in  Lynn  about  1640. 

5.  iv.  ANDP.iiw,  b.  ia  Lynn  about  iril"2. 

V.    Ellzabetu,  b.  in  Lynn  about  1644;   m.  Samuel  MansSeld    of  Lvnn 
Dec.  2-2,  lG(i9.  '        ^>^">- 

»  A  mos-s  of  circnmst.intiul  evidonce  to  be  er<')o.iit'  1  in  s  mcnioriul  Toiuine  Tvrheti  ra'il-^h- 
cd  h^3  FatHfi'.d  5.:vor.i!  expert  ■'encal,.?ists  and  mv^^olf  tL^t  Tliomis  Townsend  sou  of  Henrv 
and  Margaret  wa^s  identical  with  the  settler  at  Lyna.  "cai  ^ 


1875.]  The  Toicnshcnd  Family.  103 

2.  Thomas'  (Tliomas^J,  boru,  supposed  in  Lynn,  -R'hcre  he  lived  n.nd 
(lied.  He  ninrried  |.robal>ly  IM:iry,  diiuc,diter  of  Samuel  Davis,  was  mem- 
ber of  second  cliurcli,  r.oston,  Oct.  30,  1081,  and  freeman  IGS.'J.  lie  is 
left  a  legacy  by  bis  fatber,  in  deed  of  jjift  to  bis  brotlier  Au<lrevv,  Marcb  24-, 
lGLU-5,  and  bis  will  was  proved  July  1,  1700:  leaves  wife  bis  property, 
but  if  sbc  uiarrie.s  again  it  goes  to  bis  cbildren.  Appoints  bis  wife  exeeu- 
trix.     They  bad  : — 

i.      Joseph,  born  23  10th  mo.  IGGo. 
ii.    Thomas,     "     Dec.    10,  1GG7. 
iii.   Sus.^NNAn,  b.  Nov.  5,  1772. 
iv.    JosDUA,  >    ^    J       ^  ^       21,  1G74. 

vi.    Natuax,  b.  July  5,  1G77, 

vii.    Priscii-la,  b.  Sept.  20,  1679. 

viii.  EusnA,  b.  Sept.  9,  1680:  d.  Oct.  1,  1693. 

ix,     BEXjAMfN,  b.  Jan.  10,  168-3. 

X.      Hezkkiah,  b.  April  12,  1665. 

xi.     Timothy,  b.  April  25,  16S8. 

xii.  JosiAU,  b.-MayS,  1690;  d.  Sept.  28,  1G95. 

xiii.  TflOMAS,  b.  Oct.  1692. 

3.  Samuel'  (Thomas^ ),  born  in  Lynn,  and  settled  at  Kumney  jMarsh, 
or  Chelsea,  Mass.,  where  he  held  several  important  otFiccs.  IMarriod  Abi- 
goil  daughter  of  Saiuuol  Dcivis,  v.'ho  leaves  her  a  legacy.  Ha  was  execu- 
tor for  bis  son  Jeremiah's  estate,  which  was  proved  2s'ov.  19,  3  690.  He 
was  al-o  executor  for  bis  brother  Andrew's  estate,  which  inveaiory  was 
taken  March  10,  1G92-3,  and  was  appointed  guardian  for  bis  children,  Abi- 
gail and  David.  He  lived  and  died  in  Chelsea,  and  bis  gravestone  is 
still  to  be  seen  in  the  old  burying  ground,  bearing^  date  Dec.  21,  ITO-i. 
His  wife  died  Jan.  2,  1728,  aged  87.     They  had: — 

i.      JKROfiAH,  b.  IGGO  ;  d.  Sept.  fi,  1690. 

ii.     SAiiuEr,,  b.  1662  ;  d.  Nov.  18,  1723 ;  m.  1st  wife  Elizabeth,  d.   Nov.  20, 

1G99;  2d  wife  Eli?.  Buckuam. 
iii.    David,  b.  Feb.  29,  1C66  ;   died  an  infant. 
iv.    JoN-ATHAoT,  b.  Sept.  10,  1GG8  ;  d.  April  16>  1718  ;  m.  Elizabeth  Waltbam, 

March  22,  1695,  d.  Mar.  30,  1749,  aged  63. 
T.     A:n\e,  b.  Jan.  30,  1672  ;  d.  Nov.  17,  1719  ;  m.  Abraham  Coie,  Sept.  30, 

1697. 
vi.    SoT,OMO\,  b.  Aug.  1,  1676  ;  d.  17 —  ;  m.  1st  wife  Elizabeth  Jarvis,  June 

20,  1698  ;  m.  2d  wife  Esther  Sugars, 
yii.  Eli-^s,  b.  March  2.  1678  ,•  d.  Nov.  1738  ;  m.  Eebecca. 
viii.  Abraham,  b.  May  20.  1682  ;  d.  May  20,  1746  ;  m.  Mary  Eustice.  Nov.  30, 

1708,  d.  -Jan.  28,  1718  ;  2d  wife  Judith. 
6.     ix.    Isaac,  twin  brother  of  Abraham,  b.  ]May  20,1682  ;  d.  Jan.  16,  1718  ;  m. 

Anne  Ranger,  July  6,  1703,  d.  Nov.  8,  1726,  aged  50. 

4.  JonN*  ( Thomas^),  born  in  Lynn,  and  settled  in  Reading,  Mass. ; 
freeman  IMay  8,  1G78.  His  father  gave  him  a  farm  of  GO  acres  in  the  town 
of  Lynn.  Nov.  2.3.  1G63,  and  be  bought  of  Edward  Taylor  lands  in  Reading, 
June  1,  lG7ii.  His  will  is  dated  Jan.  15,  1722-3,  and  he  is  called  of  Lyna 
in  the  co.  of  Essex,  yeoman;  appoints  son  Daniel  executor. 

First  wife  Sarah,  dauirhter  of  John  Pearson,  m.-irried  3Iarch  27,  1C68. 
She  died  July  9,  1G89.  ^He  died  Dec.  14,  172G-7.     They  bad: 

i.  Georce,  probably  his  pon,  m.  Rebecca. 

ii.  Sarah,  b.  Sept.  4,  1673  ;  m.  Dcncon  Brown  Emerson.  ■ 

iii.  JoH^r,  b.  March  17, 1675  ;  d.  17.57  ;  ra.  Sarah  Boutwcll,  1698,  b.  1677. 

iv.  Marv,  b.  Sept.  2.  1677  ;  d.  July  6,  1717. 

v_.  Hannah,  b.  Feb.' 11,  IGbO. 

vi.  KL[ZABr.Ty,  b.  Nov.  9,  1G83 ;  m.  Jonathan  Nichols,  April  11,  1753, 

vii,  No/.n,  h.  Aug.  30,  1686  ;  d.  Dec.  15,  1713. 

viii.  Ebenezer,  b.  July  3,  1689. 


104  The  Townshend  Family.  [Jan. 

Second  wife  Mehitable,  prob;il)Iy  diiui^'hter  of  Nicholas  Browr,  married 
ApriJ  '2i,  IGOO,  and  died  July,  Moo.     Tlit;y  luid : 

is.    Thomas,  b.  Oct.  7,  109-J ;  d.  June  1,  1716;  m. 

X.      iMEUiTABi.K,  1).  Ai)ril  iJS.  1G9.) ;  d.  Sept.  1.  UIOj  ;  ic, 

si.    IM.MUiiA,  b.  Awit.  11,  1G'j7;  d.  M;iyJ7,  17-JS) ;  m.  [172G. 

sil.  L'A-MKL,  b.  Api-n  1,  1700  ;  d.  Oct.  10,  17U1  ;  m.  Lydia  Sawyer,  Oct.  18, 

r>.  AxT^RKV,-'  {llwri'ds^),  horn  iti  Lynn;  made  freeman  i^pril  18,  1001. 
His  father  gave  him  in  deed  of  pft,  dated  June  1,  1C7-1,  2  acres  of  land,  part 
of  his  tcvn  lot,  south  side  the  ]Mill  slioet  near  the  commons  in  Lycn.  Was 
a  soldier  iu  Captain  Gardner's  company,  and  was  wounded  in  the  great  battle 
fought  with  the  Narragansett  Indians  iu  Rhode  Island,  Dec.  19,  1G75,  at^d 
his  chiklreu  were  afterward  granted  lands  in  Worcester  com.ty,  Mass.  He 
married,  July  18,  1  G78,  Abigail,  daugliter  of  John  Collins  of  Lyuu.  They 
both  died  of  camp  fever,  he  on  the  lUth  of  Feb.  1C92,  she  ou  the  22d  of  Feb. 
following.     They  had  : 

i.      Thomas,  b.  June  12,  ir,79  ;  d. 

ii.     Abigail,  b.  Jan.  23,  IGSO  ;  d.  Feb.  22,  IG92. 

iii.    Elizabeth,  b.  ]*.Iav  21.  1033  ;  d. 

i7.     Maky,  b.  Julv  7,  lC85;  d.  Dtv.  U),  1685. 

V.      AxDKE^v,  b.  Feb.  13,  1G8G  ;  d.  Doc.  1688. 

vii.  Daniel,  b.  Dec.  1GS8;   married,  had  children,  settled  in  Charleston, 

South  Carolina. 
Tiii.  David,  b.  April  6,  IG'Jl ;  m.  Mabel  Shippie. 

6.  IsAAC^  (Samuel.^  Thomas' ),  bom  in  Chelsea  and  settled  in  Boston. 
He  bought,  April  20,  171 G,  lands  on  Winter  Street,  of  Heury  Uridgman, 
joining  to  Col.  Penn  Townseud's  on  N.  W.  and  N.  PI  He  was  killed  at  a 
fire  in  Boston,  Jan.  IG,  1717-13,  aged  37.  Married,  July  G,  170:j,  Anne, 
daughter  of  Edmund  Ivaiiger,     She  died  Nov.  8, 172G,  aged  50.     Thev  had  : 

i.      Isaac,  b.  ^I'areh  25,  1701 ;  d.  April  26,  1785.  in  Boston. 

ii.     Ebenezek,  b.  Jan.  2.  1705  ;  d.  Sent.  28,  1709,  in  Boston. 
7.  iii.   Jeremiah,  b.  Nov.  12,  1711  ;  d.  jiin.  G.  1S03,  in  Xew-llaven. 

iv.   -AxxE,  b.  June  27,  1711;  d.  June  2.  1744,  in  Eosron  ;  m.  David  Bell, 
Aug.  2." .  1735,  d.  Jun.  2,  1744-5. 

T.     Eeenezek,  b.  June  22,  171G  ;  d.  Dec.  3,  1775,  in  New-HaTen  ;  m.  Eliza- 
beth Larman,  Nov.  23,  1738,  d.  Aug.  30,  1784. 

7.  Jeremiah*  (Isaac,^  Samuel'  Thomas^),  born  in  Boston,  Mass. 
Moved  with  his  family  and  brother  Ebeiiezer  to  New-Haven,  Conn.,  where 
they  ettled  May  20,  173'J,  He  bought  lands  the  year  before  (March  10, 
1738)  of  Mindwell  Jones  in  the  Governor's  Quarters  for  £1G;  also  buvs 
Dec.  10,  1739,  of  Ebeuezer  Mis,  one-half  of  house  and  lot,  one  acre  more 
or  less,  on  the  N.  W.  corner  of  the  Oeen  or  Market  Place.  He  a^ain  buvs, 
April  6,  174:2,  the  oihei  half  tbr  £200,  Also  house  aud  land  of  Elizabeth 
Perkins.  His  first  wife  wus  Hannah,  daughter  of  John  Kneeland  or  Cleland 
of  Boston,  Mass.;  married  April  IG,  1731.  She  died  July  30,  1744,  aged 
33.  Married  second  wife,  Kebecca  I'arkman,  widov,-  of  Captain  Coit  of 
Boston  (who  was  lost  on  a  voyage  from  the  West  Indies),  Oct.  9,  174:G. 
She  died  in  New-Haven,  Jan.  15,  17Sc:',  aged  G7. 

Mr.  Townsend  left  to  his  descendants  a  record  of  his  family,  together  with 
a  tradition  which  has  been  of  tiio  grcaiest  assistance  to  the  compiler  of  this 
genealogy.  He  died  in  New-Huven,  Jan.  6,  1803.  His  children  by  first 
wife  were : 

i.      Jekemcah,  b.  Jan.  20,  1734  f?]  ;   d.  Sept.  24,  1794,  in  New-Haven  ;  m. 

Abigail  Woodbridire,  d.  Mhv  20,  17G8,  aged  31. 
ii.     Isaac,  b.  July  18.  IT;;.'. ;  d.  N.iv,  28,  173G,  iu  New-IIaTen. 
S.  iii.    Isaac,  b.  Oct.  13.  J737;  d.  June,  1818,  in  Ncw-Ilaven;  m.  Elizabeth 

Uitcbcock. 


1875,]  The  Townshend  Family.  105 

iv.    Jonx,  b.  July  02,  1730  :  d.  Nov.  30,  1730,  in  New-Haven. 

V.     Samiki.,  b.  Oct.  11,  1740;  d.  Auir-  -0,  1795,  in  Kabt-ilaven ;  m.  Sarah 

Ti-eadwuv,  d.  Feb.  7,  ISOl,  iiuod  Gl. 
vi.    Hannau,  b.  Nov.  29,  171-^  ;  d.  J\lay  31,  1773,  in  Now-IIaven. 

His  children  by  acconil  wife,  IJoljuOca  (rai-kuicin)  Coit,  were: 

vii.  Natdamel,  b.  Oct.  10, 1717;    d.  1818,  in  Norwich,  Coun. ;   m.  Hannah 

H'lfrlies,  d.  1802,  aj;'(d  ■12. 
\iii.  Joux, 'b.  Av.'j.  1,  1717[?];   d.  Feb.  li^33,  in  New-Haven,  Conn.;    m. 

Martha  P.eardsley,  d.  Nov.  7,  1749[?].  aged  45. 
.  .      ix.    Krr.Ki  CA,  b.  Dec.  14,  17.51  ;  d.  1300. 
X.      AVii.LiAii,  b.  Dec.  7,  1753  ;  d. 
si.    Timothy,  b.  Nov.  10,  1755;  d.  Feb.  15,  1832;  m.  Hannah  Ailing. 

8.  IsAAC^  [Jerainah*  Isaac,"  Samuel'  Tliomas^),  boru  in  Hoston,  tame 
a  child  to  New-Haven  with  his  parent.s.  Commenced  business  in  New- 
Haven,  but  moved  to  Stratford,  Conn.,  about  17G3,  wiiere  he  owned  lauds, 
and  most  of  his  chii(i?en  wore  born.  About  1783  he  removed  to  New-H;i.ven, 
where  he  lived  the  remainder  of  his  life.  His  wife  was  Elizabeth,  daughter 
of  Jacob  and  Abigail  (Butler)  Hitclicock,  of  Spriugtield,  Mass.,  boru  Aug. 
5,  1741,  died  Nov.  9,  1792.     They  had: 

i.      Elizaeetu,  b.  Nov.  1,  17G2 ;  d.  Jan.  15,  1842,  unmarried. 
9.  ii.      Isaac,  b.  Feb.  4,  1765;  d.  Nov.  5,  1841  ;  m.  Kl-oda  Atwutjer. 

iii.   Kneeland,  b.  Mardi  20,  1767  ;  d.  May  15,  1844;  m.  Sarah  Thompson. 
iv.    Jacob,  b.  xlpril  !(!,  17G'J  ;  d.  May  7,  1652  ;  m.  lirst  wife,  Betsey  Clark  ; 

second  wife,  Eunice  Atwater. 
V.      Arigail,  \  .  £  ;pt.  4,  1771  ;  d.  May  30,  1814,  unmarried. 
vi.     Marv,  b.  Jan.  29.  1774  ;  d.  Dec.  2G,  1788,  unmarried. 
vii.   Sarah,  b.  1776  ;  d.  May  1,  1844  :  m.  Joel  Atwater. 
viii.  A.VNE,  b.  May  20,  1779  ;  d.  Nov.  18,  1861,  unmarried. 
is.     William,  b.  Mr.y  12,  1781  ;  d.  July  23,  1849 ;  m.  Maria  Lampson. 

9.  Isaac**  {Isaa-^^'  Jerci.iiah*  Isaac?  Samuel,'  Uiomas^),  born  in  Str-it- 
ford,  Conn.  In  the  year  1781,  when  but  16  years  of  age,  he  joined  a  Con- 
necticut regiment  under  the  command  of  Col.  Meigs,  and  served  umil  the  dose 
of  the  war  of  the  revolution.  He  commenced  business  as  a  merchant  in 
New-Haven,  17o3-9,  and  was  largely  interested  in  mercantile  pursuits  by 
land  and  sea.  "SVas  interested  in  landed  estates  in  Virginia,  Vermont,  Con- 
necticut and  Ohio,  In  the  latter  state  he  was  joint  owner  with  his  brothers 
of  the  town  of  Townsend,  Huron  co.  During  the  last  war  with  England  he 
was  with  his  son  Isaac  Henry  (late  professor  of  la  v  in  Yale  College)  taken 
prisoner  by  one  of  the  enemy's  armed  vessels  cruising  in  Long  Island  sound, 
while  on  the  passage  to  New-Haven  from  New- York  on  board  the  packet 
sloop '' Susan."  Oct.  9,  1814.  They  were  taken  to  Plum  Island  and  de- 
tained on  H.  B.  Majesty's  ship  "  Pomone,"  Captain  Carteret,  until  ransomed. 

Mr.  Townsend  retired  from  active  business  soon  after  the  war  on  an  ample 
fortune,  and  his  business  was  successfully  carried  on  by  his  sons.  He  married 
Rhoda,  daughter  of  David  and  Eliza.beth  (Bassett)  Atwater,  April  11,  1795. 
She  was  born  in  Hamden,  Conn.,  May  13,  1766,  and  died  in  New-Haven, 
April  10,  1840,  aged  74  years.     They  had: 

10.  i.       William  Kneela.vd,  b.  June  3,  1796  ;  d.  Sept.  23,  1849. 

ii.     Elizacetu  Mary,  b.  Feb.  18.  1798 ;  m.  Isaac  Beers,  Nov.  26,  1821. 

iii.    Isaac  Atwater,  b.  Dec.  2,  1790;  d.  June,  1S03. 

iv.    Charles  He.nrt,  b.  June  26,  1801  ;  d.  July  1,  1803. 

V.      Isaac  Henry,  b.  April  25,  1803  ;  d.  June  11,  1847. 

vi.    Jane  Marie,  b.  ilay  1,  1805  ;  d.  Dec.  15,  1814. 

vii.   George  Atwater,  b.  Oct.  28,  1807 ;   m.  first  wife,  Julliet  Sanford ; 

second  wife,  Mildred  Parker. 
viii.  Emily  Alglsv.i,  b.  Sept.  28,  1610;   m.  David  Sanford,  of  NewtoTvn, 

Conn.,  Occ.  5,  1831. 


lOu  The.  Toiunshetcd  Family.  [Jan. 

10.  William  Kxeklano^  (Isaac,^  Isaac,^  Jeremiah,*  Isaac,'  Samuel,' 
Thomas^),  born  in  New-Haven,  eiiiiCMted  at  the  Hopkins  Graaimnr 
School,  and  commeuced  life  as  a  mcrf'hant. — Was  lieutenant  of  2d  com- 
pany governor's  horse  gnards  of  the  State  of-  Connecticut — -justice  of  the 
peace  and  representative  fur  the  tuwu  of  I'Last-Haven  to  the  Connecticut 
state  afsembly.  About  1800,  on  account  of  ill  health  he  retired  fn^ru 
business  and  made  his  residence  at  r>ayrid;x<-%  liaynhani,  in  the  town  of  Kast 
Haven,  a  property  whicii  ho  bout^ht  of  his  father  and  uncle  some  time  before, 
■which  was  once  a  part  of  the  original  grant  by  the  New-Haven  colony  to 
Willi;un  Tuttle,  the  maternal  ancestor  of  liis  wife  Eliza  Ann  eldest  daughter 
of  Hervey  and  Nancy  (Bradley)  Mulford.  whom  he  married  Dec.  3,  1820, 
and  was  born  in  New-Haven,  Nov.  2G,  1798,  and  now  living,  1874.  Tills 
lady's  lineage  has  been  traced  back  to  more  than  fifty  of  the  first  settlers  of 
New-England,  among  them  John  llowland  and  John  Tillv  pilgrim  fathers  of 
the  "Mayflower,"  1620.     They  had  :— 

11.  i.      William  Isaac,  b.  Nov.  28,  lSO-3. 

12.  ii.    Ja^ies  MrLFORD,  b.  Jan.  20,  1825. 

iii.  George  Henry,  b.  in  New-Haven,  Dec.  28,  1826;  married  Ooc.  22, 
18fi2,  Hilary  Gertrude,  dau^ditrr  of  .James  and  ^Ituccarct  (Snedef'ker) 
Buckelew,  of  Jamesburir,  N.  J.,  where  she  v/as  Lorn  Nov.  12,  18C6. 
iv.  Frederick  Atwater,  b.  in  Ncw-IInven,  March  23.  l-^-^O, 
V.  KoEERT  Raikes,  b.  in  Etst  Haven,  Dec.  22,  lS3i ;  d.  .June  30,  1357; 
m.  Mar.  2i,  lbJ3,  Almira  N.,  dau.  of  H'^v.eiiiah  and  Nanoy  (Land- 
fair)  Tuttle,  of  Pair  Haven,  Conn.,  where  she  was  b.  Oct.  17,  lb33. 

13.  vi.    Charles  Hervey,  b.  Nov.  26,  1833. 
vii.   TiMOTBTY  ]3eers,  b.  Nuv.  21.  1835. 

14.  viii.  Edward  Howard,  b.  April  8,  1810. 

ix.  Eliza  Mclford,  b.  Dec.  3.  1812,  in  East  Haven  ;  married  Oct.  13,  1863, 
Charles  Augustus  Lindiley,  of  New-York. 

11.  WlLLlAir  IsAAo^*  (WiUlam  A'.,'  JsaacJ^  Tsaac,^  Jcrernlah^  Laac,' 
Samuel,^  Thomas^ ),  born  in  New-Haven  ;  married  April  22,  1850,  Elizabeth 
B.,  daughter  of  Col.  Masou  A.  and  Elizabeth  (Bradley)  Durand,  of  New- 
Haven,  where  she  w^as  born  April  7,  1828.     They  had  : — 

i.    Elizabeth  Dprand,  b.  Feb.  11,  1851;  d.  May  27,  1857. 

12.  James  Mulford^  (  William  K.~'  Isaac,^  Isaac,^  Jeremiah,*  Isaac,^ 
Samuel,^  Thomas^),  born  in  New-Haven;  married  Sept.  1,  18-17.  Maria 
Theresa  daughter  of  Epaphras  and  Sarah  (Hall)  Clark,  of  Middletown, 
Conn.,  where  she  was  born  Oct.  10,  1826.     They  had: — 

i.  William  Kxeeland,  b.  June  12,  1818  ;  married  July  1.  1874,  Mary 
L.,  daughter  of  Winston  J.  and  Mary  (Leavenworth)  Trowbridge, 
of  New-Uiiven,  Conn.    She  wa.s  born  in  Barbadoes,  May  6,  1857. 

ii.   James  Mclford,  b.  May  26,  1852. 

13.  Chakles  Heuvey*  (  William  A'.,'  Isaac. ^  Isaac'"  Jeremiah*  Isoac,^ 
Samuel,^  Thomas^  ),\)Oxn  in  East-Haven;  married  April  2G,  1871,  Mary 
Ann,  daughter  of  Henry  and  Elizabeth  (Prescott)  Hotchkiss,  of  New- 
Haven,  where  she  was  born  Dec.  o.  1839.     They  had : — 

i.    HE:iST  UoTCHKfSS  TowNsuE-\D,  bom  in  New-Haven  Sept.  30,  1974. 

14.  Edward  Howard'  (William  K.,^  Isaac, ^  IsaarJ>  Jeremiah,*  Isaac' 
Samuel,'  Thomas^ ).  horn  in  East  Haven;  married  April  28.  18G9.  Alice 
Eliza,  daughter  of  Calei)  S.  and  Mary  (Foster)  ]Maltby,  of  New-Haven, 
Conn.     She  was  born  April  4,  184.'3,  in  Triadelphia,  Va.     Thev  had: — 

i.    ilA.o),  b.  in  Ntw-Uaven,  June  21,  1871  ;  died  July  25.  1871. 
Colonial    history  mentions  several  of  the  name  who   emigrated   from 


1875.] 


Brool'Jield  Minvte-Mcn,  1774. 


107 


de 


England  to  the  American  colonies  in  the  17th  century,  and  as  many  of  their 
lesceiiilmtr,  now  claim  the  Norfolk  family  as  the  "parent  stem,"'  the  com- 
piler cannot  close  this  attempt  to  record  hh  own  family  witliout  niakiu'/- 
mention  or"  th^ni.  j\»ie  nicK-.^rc  "f  t>v..Mr soveral f-irnilics  v.ere  : — Richard. ot' 
James-citj,  Virginia,  1620;  William,  of  Eoston.  Mass.,  1C:U;  Martin,' of 
"^YatertowD,  Ma;-:^.,  lG4i;  John  lleiirv  and  l^idiard  (hrotliers),  of  New- 
Englaud  aud  New- York,  1  (J  10-50;  IJichaid,  of  Philadelphia,  1G82  ;  Jo- 
seph, of  Philadelphia,  1712. 

The  exact  relati<)Ui-iiip  these  Townsends  bore  to  each  other  has  not  yet 
been  dru^rmined,  but  enough  has  been  discovered  by  lute  researches  in 
England  to  suggest  that  they  were  of  the  same  fondly.  A  thoiough  search 
will  perhaps  conncLt  all  the  American  pioneers  wi'th  the  chief  family  of 
Kaynham,  Norfolkshire. 


BROOKFIELD  MINUTE-MEN,  1774. 

The  foUowine  is  a  copv  of  a  "  covenant  "  entered  into  by  a  company  of  minu^e-tnen 
in  Urookiicld  in  1774,  which  was  found  ainon^!?  the  papers  of  the  Jate  D;iaifcl  GU- 
j?,v^'  ^"l"'  '^f-^'^ci^'^^-'  BrooktieM,  Mass.  bouie  of  the  names  are  baijiy  writrtn  and 
dilhcul;  to  decypner.  Uevrv  F.  Waters. 

We  the  subscribers,  Inlisted  agreeable  to  the  vote  of  the  provincial  Con- 
gress as  minute  or  Piequit  men  in  the  Town  of  Brookfield  for  the  term  of 
six  months  after  the  date.  dL-c.  under  the  command  of  Joseph  Gilbert,  Cap- 
tain, and  Will'".  Avers,  First  Lev',  and  Peter  Harwood,  2=^  Lev'-,  and  Abner 
How  Ens",  do  hereby  solemnly  covenant  and  agree  that  we  will  muster, 
exercise  and  do  our  utmost  to  obtain  the  art  military,  and  subject  ou'-selvss 
to  the  command  of  our  ?;ad  captain  and  the  subalterns  of  his  comi^any  by 
us  chosen  and  appointed,  and  if  any  dispute  shall  arise  or  if  any  of' us  shall 
not  give  such  obediance  to  his  and  their  order  as  he  or  thev  shall  think 
Reasonable  and  Just  the  same  shall  be  Determined  by  the  Major  part  of 
the  Company;  and  we  severally  agree  that  we  will  at  all  times  submit  to 
such  jrder  discipline  and  censure  as  shall  be  so  determined, 
hands  this  fourteenth  day  of  November  1774. 

John  Rancfer  David  Chambers 


Witness  our 


Jonathan  Marbel 
tJohii  Stovens 
Will-  Watson  jun^ 
Tim/.thy  Hall 
David  "Watson 
^iam'  W arson 
Rubn  Hamblton  jun'' 
John  Pit;il 
Robert  Cuaham 
James  Wa.-^hbourn 
Weymau  Bartlett 
M^'Ouesep'  Ayres 
Solomon  Barns 
Emery  ^VO-iHock 
Moses  Ayres  jun 


Jonath.  Barns 
Daniel  Barns 
Joseph  "Wate 
Charles  Knowlton 
Jonas  Brigham 
Joseph  Stevens 
Ezra  Richmond 
Asa  Wate 
Obiliah  Rice 
Merrick  Rice 
Abner  Bartlett 
Joha  Hubbard 
Will"'  Bowman 
Benj.  Wclliiigfoa 
Joseph  Gilbert 


William  Ayres  2"^ 
Peter  Harwood 
Abner  How 
Joseph  Bush,  jun : 
Reuben  Gilbert 
Obd\  Bartlet 
Belh'  Washburn 
Atkin  Babbet 
Josiah  Hinchar 
Abner  Bruce 
Wm™  Barns. 
Benj.  Ayer 
Char'.  Bruce 
Peter  Washbon 
Hope  Eilsoa 


108  Destmction  of  the  Toiim  of  York.  [Jan. 


DESTRUCTION  OF  Till':  TO^VN  OF  YORK. 

Taken  fro-ji  a  mannsc-Ipt  found  amopg  the  papers  of  the  late  Judge  David  SEW.vr.r.,  supposed 
to  ha',  e  been  writt.  n  in  I'l'sz.    Coiiiui.  by  the  Hon.  Josioru  Wii.i.iam.so^j,  of  lielfast,  Jle. 

Our  Fathers,  ivhere  are  thoy'l  and  the  Prophets,  do  they  live 
forever'} — Zacii.  l-o. 

THIS  (lay,  being  the  2.5  Jan'y,  O.  S.,  brings  to  our  remembrance  what 
we  have  heard  (handed  down  by  tradition)  from  our  fathers  who  arc 
all  long  sinre  numbered  v/ith  the  dead,  and  what  is  also  recorded  in  the 
page  of  history  by  several  writers  soon  after  the  ruelancholly  transaction  • 
took  place,  how  tlie  inhabitants  of  the  town  of  York  were  suddenly 
surprised  and  atti'.cked,  one  luindred  years  ago,  this  very  morning,  by  the 
cruel  and  merciless  savages  of  the  wilderness.  What  numbers  the 
inhabitants  consisted  of,  at  the  time  of  this  carnage,  has  never  been 
correctly  ascertained.  But  they  were  so  considerable  as  to  have  a  settled 
minister  for  some  years  preceeding.  The  Rev.  Shubael  Dummer,  was  that 
fatal  Monday  morning,  shot  down  near  his  own  door,  not  far  fi'om  where 
the  late  Elder  Richard  IMilbury  lived  (then  about  19  years  of  age),  and 
where  his  descendants  of  the  3  &  4  generations  now  occupy.  From  the 
best  accouncs-  we  have,  about  50  persons  were  killed  outright,  and  100 
captivated.  The  houses  and  property  on  this  (north)  side  of  the  river, 
where  the  principal  settlement  and  improvements  were  made,  were  all 
burnt  and  destroyed,  except  four  garrisoned  houses,  viz.,  Alcock's,  Prebble's, 
Harmon's  and  Norton's.  ^Vfter  this  sad  catastrophe,  it  is  said,  the 
inhabitants  had  serious  thoughts  of  abandoning  the  tov.-n  altogether,  but  a 
majority  of  them  determined  to  remain.  Such,  however,  Vvas  their 
extreme  poverty,  and  to  so  low  a  situation  were  they  reduced  by  this 
destruction  of  persons  and  property,  that  a  few  years  after,  the  town,  in 
their  corporate  capacity,  by  their  agents,  contracted  with  a  person  in 
Portsmouth  to  come  and  erect  a  mill  for  grinding  corn  into  meal :  and 
besides  large  grants  of  land  in  timber,  agreed  that  all  the  inhabitants 
sh(  uld,  always  afterwards,  carry  their  corn  to  that  mill  while  it  should  be 
kept  up  for  that  puj-pose.  "What  numbers  remained  after  the  destruction, 
does  not  now  appear;  probably,  150,  as  many  as  were  killed  and 
captivated.  Indeed,  150,  from  the  usual  increase  of  new  settlements,  by 
doubling  in  twenty  years,  would  now  have  amounted  to  4800.  But  we 
find  fi'om.  the  enumeration  of  the  inhabitants  made  the  last  year,  they 
scarcely  amounted  to  3000,  from  whence  we  may  calculate,  that  more  may 
have  at  various  times  emigrated  from  the  town  for  the  last  100  years,  than 
have  come  into  it  from  other  places. 

The  meeting-house  which  was  standing  at  that  time,  and  wluch  remained 
several  years  afterwards,  was  near  or  upon  the  spot  where  the  late  David 
Bragdon's  dwelling-house  now  stands  (about  100  rods  south  of  the  present 
meeting-house).  In  that  house,  the  Rev.  Samuel  Moody  preached  some 
years ;  after  which,  the  people  increasing  in  this  part  of  the  town,  and 
finding  the  said  house  too  straight  for  them,  erected  the  present  house  of 
worship  in  the  year  1747.  About  the  year  1735,  the  town  was  divided 
into  two  parishes,  in  which  have  been  three  settled  ministers,  (viz.  Dummer 
&  Moody,  1  [Parish]  &  Chandler,  2  [Parish.] 


1875.] 


j^ofes  and  Queries. 


109 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES. 

Heraldic  Queuv.— Doui;- 
lass  Merritt,  of  this  city,  a 
uicmljei'  of  the  New- York 
Gcricalo,2ical  ami  I'>iogia|)hi- 
cal  iSocicty,  i?a\v  in  a  hi;raMic 
work,  supposed  to  be  the 
sketch! MX)k  of  pome  Xevv- 
ErirhiT.d  llenild  Painter,  evi- 
dently about  40  to  50  jcars 
obi,  a  drawing  of  the  arm.", 
of  which  tlie  wood-cut  is  a 
copy  and  whic!-.  wcreascrihed 
to  a  lamily  cf  -Merritt.  lie 
wislies  to  know  what  fainily 
_  ^  claimed  the  arms,  or  at  lea^^c 
V  y  Cjto  know  somewhat  of  its  bis- 

ilie  book  was  eaid  to  have 
been  the  proj^ertyof  a  furaier 
engraver  of  Boston.  li  lay 
memory  serves  me  ri^ht,  hit? 
name  was  W'acner,  and  he  is 
since  dead.  Tiic  book  Ls  in 
the  possession  of  John^  J. 
La t ting,  of  the  New- York 
Genealogiciil  and  Biographi- 
cal Society.    Jaiies  Usuek. 

9  Murraij  Si.,  N.  Y. 

Hale.— A  family  history  of 
the  descendants  of  Thomas 
Hale,  of    Newbury,    Mass. 
_  (1635),  in   both  male  and  fe- 

male lines,  is  in  course  of  preparation.  All  information  relative  to  the  family  is  de- 
sired. Address,  Robert  S.  Hale,  Elizabethtown ,  £ss<  x  Co. ,  N .  1 . ;  I-lgene  hale, 
Ellsworth,  Maine ;  Geo.  S.  Hale,  39  Court  St.,  Eosto:.,  Mass. 


Hc^aocK.  (Suffolk  Co.  Deeds,  ssxii.-139.)  Johanna  Stone  and  Hannah  Batt.r 
widows,  of  Boston,  and  Warwick  Palfray  and  wife  Elizabeth,  ot  >-a  em,  turee 
daii-.  and  co:  h:  of  Johanna  Hunlock,  of  Boston,  dec'd,  convey  real  estate  to  Joun 
AV'heclwriirht.    Jonathan  WiUiams  had  m.  Mary  another  heiress. 


KiMEALL  Family  [Register,  vol.  sxviii.  241].— Elizabeth,  widowof   vV^Iliam^Rey- 

ner  ;     '  " 

phr 
Mr 

1658,   ,,  ....>.u.^...j..^.  ,,,..-..-.-.,....,  ^--  ..-.„. /, '  ..  r  •         I        u       p 

marrying  woman,  and,  not  content  with  her  Ibrm^er  experience,  alter  tae  dea  ti  of 
her  third  husband,  Kimball,  she  took  to  herself  a  fuurth,  viz.  :  Daniel  KiUiara, 
Sen.,  of  Ipswich,  with  whom  she  unites  in  a  deed,  -25  Dec,  1079, conveying  to  John 
Lambson  the  "  privilege  and  commona2:e  belonging  to  ye  huuse^  y' tormeriy  w'aa  sd 
Gilbert's  and  Raynor's";  the  said  hou^e  '•  standing  in  Ipswien  buunds  on  Norm 
fide  of  Boston  Roa>l  as  he  enters  into  Wenham  from  Ipswich  :— AcKnowkdged 
by  Elizabeth  KUham,  lUch  June,  VJ^i.    Wit.  Samuel  Adams  and  lsaac_Comms. 


Henkt  F.  Water3. 


VOL.  XXIX. 


10 


110  Notes  and  Queries.  [Jan. 

GlLEERT,  BEXJAUtX  AVD  JoSKPH,  xMlLITARY  CoflflSSIOVS,   1744-1770.— '«  WilFam 

bhirk-y,  iL<q     Ci.j.tain-Gcnpr..il  an,!  Ciovprnor  in  Cl.i-f  in  and  over  His  Majc;stY's 
Province  o{_  the  Ma.ssaohuPotts  Jlay  in  Nmv-KncrlanJ,  &c.  ' 

"To  Benjamin  Gilbert,  Gentiemr.c."     Apfmhitin:^  "  the  said  Benj.  Gilbert  to  bo 
ensign  ot  tiie  Cun-,pany  i;nJci-  tnc  ouiuiiuu.a  uf  Captain  John  Dmj.^e,  'in  the  rt-inif-nt 
wiiercotLoMert  Hal!    Esq.  is  colonel,   boin-   part  of  the   forces  ^rai^ed  with  ill   tlMS 
I  rovipce  for  an  expodit;on  a^rain^t  Gap.-  ]^ret...n,  of  which  Forces  William  Peppereli 
Ls(^.  _is  appointed  CoinmocJer  in  Gliiur.''  &o.  &c. 

Ihiscommissiun  Mas  signed  by  Gov.  Shirley  on  the  seventh  of  February,  1714. 
.    ^^Y^  "  Thomas  Tlutchinson,  E-quire;    Captain-General  and  Governor  in   Chief 
in  and  over  His  Majesty's  Province  of  .Massaehusett-Bay  and  Vice  Adn-iii-ai  of 
tuc  sonic 

"To  Joseph  Gilbert,  Gentl"."  Appointing  "the  said  Joseph  Gilbert  to  be 
Lientenant  of  the  tiard  military  Company  ot  Foot,  in  the  Town  of  Brookiield, 
whereof  James  Converge  is  Captain,  and  in  the  ]Ugi,nent  of  Militia  in  the  County 
&t  ^\  orcester,  whereof  John  .Alurray,  Esqr.  is  Colonel  " 

Dated  27th  of  April,  17T2. 

+ai?pn  hv  ^'!|  ^f  i"^,"'''  ^-r^  Lieutenant  Gilbert  -  took  the  oath  appointed  to  be 
taken  b3  Act  of  Parliament  instead  of  the  oath  of  Allegiance  and  Supremacy,  re- 
fh^  .'.A''"  •'•^'^^^^■^^I'r'i  1^:?,/%^  orDeelnrafion  therein  contained,  and  likewise  took 
the  oath  re^^pecting  the  Bills  of  credit  of  the  Xei.dibourini:  Governments  " 
7  .^  A^i^J*^"  ^  ^"  ^^  '''-,';  f-'^f-VciL  of  the  Massachusctls-Bay  in  Xew-Enrjland  To 
Mfl?f^  ,-??  '  ^T'7s^  Appointing  him  "colonel  of  the  fourth  Icl-iment  of 
MilUia  m  the  count}'  of  U  orcester.  "  =  ^ 

Given  ac  Vrateitov/u  the  14th  of  February    177G. 
Sakm,  Mass.  U_  ^    ^y^,^^,_ 

Atkin-sox,  Ki.vg,  Obek.v.  Wixsi.ow.-In  the  Kegistf.r  for  January,  1874   fxxviii 
83],  was  given  the  connection  of  Theodore  Atkinson,  4th,  with  "  my  relatirm  Gt-or-e 
King      to  whom  he  bequeathed  property.     The  closing  parairraph,  regarding  A)?i- 

Sven  me' b'- J^'''iw  '"''^6  f-'  ^^^^'^^  ^"d  coiTcct  from  information 

given  me  rij  d .  t .  Irott,  h-'i.,  ot  rvia^ara  Falls,  N.  \. 

John  \Vin?low,  s,jn  of  J,,au,  and  born  in  imd,  maiTied,  18  June,  IRS9,  Ablr-^iii 
S  Ibe'^'i^^re  Atlanson  M.    lie  died  1  January  1G94-5.    They  had  clJil- 

1.  Elizabeth  "Winskn-,  born  23  Aoril,  ln92. 

2.  John  Winslow,  born  31  Dec.  1(3L>3  ;  married  21  Sept.  1721,  Sarah  Pierce      Ti- 

died at    sea,  15  Octo.   1731,  and  his  widow  married,  in  1749,    Nathanie'' 
Sarpnt,  of    Portsmouth,    N.  II.      S!ie  dic<l  8  An-ust,  1771.    A    son! 
Joshua  V.  insl;-iw.  was  paymaster  in  the  Britisli  army  ^ 
Abigail  (Atkinson),  widow  of  Juhn  Winslow,  married  (2(1),'  11  May,  1702  J-^mcs 
Oborne  (sometimes  written  O.b.rne) .     i(e  ,lied  24  x\ov.  1712.'    Thev  had  childr™ 

1.  Abigail  Obornc   born  j  March,  17(?2-3  ;  married  ^Villiam  King,  and  was  the 

mother  ol  George  Km-,  "my  relation."  °  "as  tue 

2.  William  Oborne,  born  13  July,  1706. 

3.  James  Oborne,  born  16  Sept"  1707  :  died  1709. 

nu'liifS^SLwir^dtd"'''"'  °'  ■''"'"  °'""-°='  "="*^  <3^)  «  Sept. 

1.  Richard  Penhallow,  born  30  December,  1715. 

It  will  be  seen  that  this  substitutes  "  Oborne  "  in  nlaceof  "  Obera  "  and  m-ke=. 

rh^TV^u  '""''■  ''  "  ^•^•^rr'";^'^^^-^^  ^^ ''  ''^''"'  ^^'il  '^^  New-Hamp.hfre 
174i  "'^^°  ^^^®  ^'^^''^  ^^'^"^  ""  ^'^'^"''^  ^"^^^  o*"  "  --^^^^^ua  Winslow,"  dated 

' Neio-Bedford,  Mass.  ^-  ^-  ^''"'^^• 

WiSiiBur.N-[RzoiSTER,xsviii.  33!]. -Edward  Tilson.  who  was  born  in  En-land 
came  over  with  his  wile  Joanna  and  oae  or  two  of  ids  children,  and  S'-ed  if  p"v- 
mouth  before   163H.     lleu.ed  in  1(109, '•  very  aged  "  ;    he   had  live  ch  iSen      T  e 
^oungest,Ephralm,  married  EI.zal,eth,  daughter  of  William  Iloskins  J  ly  7    ifiO* 
Ephraim  died  Oct.  8,  1715.  "  u-e<l.''     His  Inorth  chi'd  vis  M^-pv    ^'.       '       ■   \ 

Canton,  Macs.  D.  T.  V.  Hu^^toon. 


1875.] 


N'otes  and  Queries. 


Ill 


WnAnF.',G£,  Kates  on  Long  Wdarf,  Boston,  in  1771  and  1871,  respectivelt 
1771 


Barrels  jMcrcb'lz*^ 

llhib.  feV,!t 

Bundles  Hay 

Sbinirles,  per  ]M. 

Boards        " 

Mahosany  " 

Staves         " 

Merchuz'^,  per  ton 

Dockage  per  day, 
for  small  vessels 


one  penny  each. 
two  pence     " 


eisrht 


one  shillins 


1871 

Barrels,  4  cts.  each — 

-    Equal  to  three  ponce, 
llhds.  Salt,  8  cts.  cuch — 

Eiiual  to  six  pence. 
Bundles  Ul.iy,  Ci  ct8.  each — 

Equal  to  four  and  halfpence- 
Shingles,  10  ctt^.  pur  M.— 

Equal  to  seven  and  foar-lifths  pence. 
Boards,  10  cts.  per  M. — 

Equal  to  twunty-ciLiht  k,  B-lOchs  pence. 
Mahogany,  50  ct.s.  IWr  480  feet- 
Equal  to  scveuty-fivc  pence. 
Staves,  80  cts.  pjer  M. — 

E(iaal  to  fifty-eight  pence. 
Merchandize,  30  to  40  cts.  per  t^rt. — 

Equal  to  twent^'-oiie  to  'JO  jj^nce. 
Dockage   per  day,    >    75  cts. — equal  to 
for  small  vessels,   5       4s.  Gd. 


The  rates  in  1771  were  computed  in  colonial  currency,  at  63.  to  the  -SI- 
The  corporate  name  of  what  is  commonly  styled  Long   Wharf,  is  "  Boston  Pier 
or  the  Long  Wharf."  George  Watson  Pres'.ott. 

Wharfinger's  Clerk. 

Grew,  XEnKMun,  M.D.,  F.R.S. — Can  any  of  yoiir  readers  inform  me  if  this  cele- 
brated naturalist,  who  died  in  1712,  left  any  children?  His  biographers  dllfcr 
materially  in  their  statements  regarding  liis  age.  The  Rev.  Frederick  Leigh  Colville, 
M.A.,  a  "^recent  writer,  savs  of  liim  in  "The  Worthies  of  Warwickshire  who  lived 
between  1500  and  ISOO":  "*'  He  was  esteemed  the  first  and  most  eminent  vegetalde 
anatomist  and  physiologist  of  this  country,  was  the  son  of  Dr.  Obadiah  Grew  ot 
Coventry.  He  was  bijrn  in  1G44  "  (this  date  diO'ers  from  some  authorities  vlio 
state  heVas  born  in  10-23),  •'  proliably  at  Atherstone,  and  received  baptism  at  the 
adjoining  church  at  Manoetter." 

The  w -iter  is  acquainted  with  the  general  biographical  sketches  of  Nehoniu^h 
Grew,  and  of  his  father  the  Rev.  Dr.  Obadiah  Grew,  who  was  a  prominent  fi.nire  in 
the  troublous  times  of  Charles  the  First,  having  twice  interceded  with  Cromwell 
for  the  life  of  the  king,  and  was  one  of  the  non-conformists  who  suflercdpei>ecuti'*u. 

Anthony  a  Wood,  C'alamy,  and  Granger,  contain  a  variety  of  inf.jrma ti.>n  con- 
ccriing  these  two  persons,  but  nothing  uf  their  descendants,  with  the  exception  of 
th(  lo.cter  authority  perhans,  who  seems  to  be  of  the  opinion  that  descendants  cither 
lineal  or  collateral,  of  the'Rev.  Dr.  Obadiah  Grew,  were  living  in  England  al-out  tin- 
time  of  his  writing.  It  is  presumed  that  some  of  them,  or  at  lease  a  culLitenil 
braiiidi,  came  to  America,  as  a  family  bearing  this  name  from  Warwickshire  .-etrled 
in  IJu-ton  in  the  last  centurv. 

T.ie  Williams  Library,  of  London,  which  is  .said  to  be  rich  in  MSs.  relating  io 
the  non-conformists,  may  contain  sometliing  which  will  throw  li_:;ht  on  t.iis  ques- 
tion.    Any  informatiun  on  this  subject  will  be  most  thankfully  acknuwlei'.geu. 
Canukn,  Ncic-Jersey.  Williau  Joun  PottS- 

•  KtniARDsoN  Family  [Register,  vol.  xxviii.  p.  327,  foot-note].  —  Mr.  Wyman 
tclL  me  tliat  Lvdia  (wife  of  Benjamin)  Richard^^on  was  daughter  of  R.iLert  .Scoj;, 
who  came  from  Barbadoes  before  ItiD-J — and  h;idwife  Esilicr.  Lydia  was  bant.  11  (7) 
1693,  Oit.  aht.  20,  and  mar.  1st,  Samuel  Vv'hittcmure  (son of  Samuel  and  Hannah), 
and  2J,Benj.  Richardson.  H.  E.  Waters. 


PrERCE.— To  which  family  of  tins  name  did  William  Pierce,  who  was  living  be- 
tween 17(iU  and  17G9,  belong?  Has  any  one  papers  or  ancient  documents  from  1700 
to  17CD.  inclusive,  in  which  the  name  of  this  periou  is  mentioned?  Where  and 
when-iiil  he  die?  B.  T.  R. 

^ew-Yorfi,  N.  Y. 


112  I^oles  and  Queries*  [Jan. 

Baxkks,  llATnoRN-E,  MoREY.  [Fmui  Ks5ex  Co.  Court  Papers.] — Did  Major  Wil- 
liam llatliiirnc,  of  Salem,  ami  Riii:;i.t  Mdi-pv,  of  J'ruviilfiii'P.  marry  sisters  of  Lydia 
Baiikes,  soraetime  of  ISalem,  N.  K.,  ami  afterward  of  Maidr-toiio,  Co.  of  Kent,  IOdit- 
land?  I  lind  tlirue  L.'lt.rH  from  Mrs.  Uanke-:  to  Mnj^r  Ifithonio,  -".vvittfii  at  Maid- 
stone. Uue,  uf  Juno  11,  104G.  call?  liiui  '*  Dear  Umther,"  and  speaks  of  thing's 
"  left  \v'''  uiy  brutlier  .Moooery."'  Ariotlier,  of  August  "28,  1016,  begins,  "  Bcioued 
^rotlur."  She  irad  "  soiit  a  letter  \<y  Mr.  KIdred  V'  and  elie  airaiii  refers  to  tldniia 
left  "  ac  ray  lirother  Morics."  The  1'.  S.,  which  I  copy  entire,  seems  to  refer  to  Sir 
Georc/e  Doicnin^; ;  it  runs  as  fiillows  : — "  pray  let  my  indi.'rred  rosnect  be  presented 
to  your  wife  as  all  so  to  M":  Downind  i  her  hosband  desiring  tlicm  to  reioyce  wiili 
nie  for  that  the  l.)rd  is  pies  to  make  her  sone  a  Instremcnt  of  praise  In  the  hartes 
of  tuse  [those]  that  re^oyee  to  hear  tiio  Sjierrit  of  g.id  poured  forth  apon  our 
yo'jg  men  according  to  his  word  let  her  know  tliat  he  prech  In  our  toun  of  maid- 
ston  a  day  or  to  btfor  this  letter  wa-;s  wrot  to  tlie  great  soport  of  our  Sperites.''" 
The  third  letter  i.-,  dated  18th  April,  lf;iy  ;  in  it  she  desires  to  know  whether  she  hae 
anything  in  Mr.  Buarman's  hands,  "  nt  Iiiswich  ;  "  speaks  of  "  19"^  in  goodman 
Johnson's  Liinds,"  and  "  those  tliiuirs  in  linger  Moories  hands."  *  •  •  "Let 
my  christian  respects  be  presented  to  my  deare  sister  y  wife  "  Sec.  &c.  In  a  P.  S. 
she  says,  "  luy  Brother  liead  huth  written  to  you  this  ycare."  ^lajor  Hathorne 
seems  to  have  been  acting  as  her  agent  or  attorney  to  manage,  or  rather  to  sell,  her 
estate  in  this  country  and  remit  to  her  the  jiroceeds.  I  find  his  bill  of  exchange  or 
'•  M/ Pvoliert  Hathorne  at  M'- Jolin  Winch;  s  one  Ludgat  hill  locdon." — 19.  lOber  : 
1G31.     And  in  his  account  current  he  snecilies 

"  Bill  of  exchange  on  my  brother,  paid  by  m".  Winch  in  London        100'^ 

"l)itf;re'jc.?up:.nei^charigc 25''' 

"  Journey  to  Providence  to  Roger  !Murie,"  &c.  &c. 
These  papers  were  used  in  a  case  to  determine  tlie  ownership  of  the  Plains  Farm, 
formerly  belv^mring  to  Col.  Jolm  Uuiiiphnij,  adjoining  to  the  farm  of  Mr.  Hugh 
Pe/fr5,  in  Marbkhead,  and  that  of  3/r.  Kinr/,ixt  Swampscott.     ^Major  Tiathorns's 
wife  was  Ann.  11.  F.  Waters. 


Elagite. — Who  can  communicate anytliing  about  Henry  Blague,  of  Braintrce,  who 
died  in  Bjston,  166-2,  or  of  his  chilircn,  more  th;\n  what  Savage  says?  Was 
Ji>eph  Blague,  who  married  ilartha  Kirtland  in  Saybrook,  Feb.  10,  1685.  his  son  ? 

Saybrook,  Ci.  E.  P.  Blaci'e. 

Pedigree  of  Gorge?  hnt'',  42-7]. —  The  fjllowing  additions  and  corrections  to 
the  article  of  the  Rev.  Frederick  Brown,  M.  A.,  F.S.A.,  on  the  Gorges  family  have 
been  furnished  us  by  the  autb.or  after  esamininu;  the  printed  sheets  sent  to  him  ; 

^hlry,  thesecond  wifeof  John-"'  (iorgessonof  .>;r  Ferdinando,  was  the  daughter  of  Sir 
John  5leade.  not  P.  Mead  as  printed  on  pa'_'e-12.     It  is  correctly  printed  on  paa-e  4f3. 

William*  Gorges  son  of  Sir  Edward  (p.  1-*)  was  bnr,ti:?ed  at  ^Vraxall ,  P'eb.  2,  1605-6, 
and  I  believe  is  the  same  man  who  ^x-.\~!.niri'd  at  Wraxall,  Feb.  0,  165S-9,  as  ''  Mr. 
William  Gorges."  He  is  described  by  Savage  as  returning  to  England,  after  1636, 
Of  Frances*  Gorrres,  sister  of  tiie  prec< din::,  there  is  noreeoi'd  of  baptism  at  "^S' rax- 
all,  but  it  is  quite  certain  that  she  married  John  Luttrell,  second  son  of  Andrew 
Luttrell,  F.«i.,  of  H.:rti:nd,  Devon,  before  1610.  as  among  the  Wraxall  baotisms 
is  thai,  of  '-John  Luttrell  son  of  Mr.  J.-lm  Luttrell,  Get.  21,  1610."  Her  husband, 
John  LuttrelFs  will,  was  proved  Marcl,  -26.  1616-17,  and  her  own  will,  aa  Frances 
Southcott.  widow,  was  proved  Xm-.  t}."}.  1661. 

Dudley*  Gorges,  daucrhter  of  Sir  Arthur.  This  christian  name  is  correct. — 1619, 
Aug.  12.  Married  in  Chel-ea  chun-h.  Sir  Ro'^crt  Lane  and  Mrs.  Dudley  Gorges, 
daughter  of  Sir  Arthur  Gorges  — 16t.7,  Aug.  21,  Buried  Dame  Dudley  Lane.  Kig 
•will  was  proved  Oct,  2,  1621 ;  her  v.ill,  .Sopt.  17,  1607. 

Douglas,  daughter  of  Vi-count  Bindon  and  wife  ol'  Sir  Arthur  Gorges.  Her  bap- 
tism is  on  the  reirister  of  Stratf.>rd  le  B  nv  ehureh,  Jan.  29,  1.571-2.    " 

Will  of  Ferdinando  Gorg.'S,  Ks<|r.  of  A.-ldey,  Wilts,  Feb.  2.  1737.  The  Manor 
&c.  of  Ashley  to  my  kin.-!a;'.n,  John  Bere-lord.  My  bister,  Cecilia  Kingham.  com- 
monly called  Moody,  widow.  My  C'.u.-iu,_Marj-  iForne,  of  Asldey,  widow.  My 
cousin  Mary  Williams,  daughter  of  Mr.  Wikou  Williams  of  Avlesburv.  Proved 
Feb.  20,  1738. 

F'^rdiuando  Gorges  of  A-!dry  was  the  last  -mivlc  deseen.lant  of  Sir  Ferdinando 
Gorires.  I  think  tf'at  all  tiie  i^er-'  ;ns  nirntioned  in  hi<  will  were  his  kinsmen  on  iiis 
■wife's  side,  excpiit  Cecilia,  his  si-ter,  wli o  was  baptized  at  St.  Margaret'^,  Westuiiu- 
star,  June  22,  1670  ;  but  who  her  iiusliand  was,  I  know  not. 

John  Beresford  was  buried  at  ^Vshley  17-12. 


1875.]        H^ecroloyy  of  11  istorlc.  Genealogical  Society.  '^'■'    '   113 


NECKOLOGY  OF  THE   NKW-EXGLAXD  HISTORIC, 
GE^'MVLOCJICAL   SOCIETY. 

Prepared  by  the  Rev.  Doncs  Clarke,  D.D.,  Ilistoriograpbcr. 

The  lion.  O^kks  Amks,  a  life  menilier  and  benefactor  of  this  society,  was  born  in 
Easton',  Mass.,  Jan.  10,  IbOl,  and  died  in  his  native  town,  May  8,  lb7.3,  in  his  TOtli 
year.  lie  w-as  the  sixth  in  descent  frum  Williaia^  Arms,  wlio  emii^rated  l'roiii_  Driitun 
in  Sonu-rsctshire,  Eug.,  and  settled  in  Braintree,  JMa.^s.,  tliroiigh  Jolin^-  Thu'tms,^ 
Capt.  Jo/ui*  and  Oliver,'  his  fatiicr.  lli.s  muther  -svas  iiu'^anna,  dauglitcr  (^f  Oalies 
An^ier,  Eeq.,  of  Lridgewater,  df.sccnded  from  Ed/nund^  Angicr.  of  Cambridge, 
through  the  Kev.  Smnucl,"  11.  C.  1(573,  and  the  Jlev.  John,^  11.  C.  17:20,  hi.s  father. 
Mr.  Ames's  maternal  ancestor,  IvJmund^  Angier,  married  Kuth,  danghter  of  the 
Kev.  Dr.  William  Ames,  an  Engli:-h  Puritan  author  of  great  celebrity.  Tliougb 
not  descended  in  the  paternal  line  Irom  this  famous  divine,  as  has  been  sometimes 
asserted,  .Mr.  Ames,  through  his  mother,  inherited  the  blood  (jf  t'lat  wortliy  nian._ 

lie  -was  the  oldest  of  eight  children.  Jlis  father  was  a  manufacturer  of  sliovel.-;  in 
Eatton,  ami  to  this  business  he  succeeded  with  his  brothers,  enlarging  and  increas- 
ing the  business  till  it  assumed  gigantic  proportions.  The  firm  did  nuich  to  build 
up  the  town,  and  to  advance  the  welfare  of  tiieir  employees  ;  and  his  public  spirit 
was  Bu  uiarke-i,  una  hio  iibciulity  no  uduely  eileudoil,  tljat  in  Nuvembci-,  k''30,  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Executive  Council  of  Massachusetts,  and  v,as  reelected 
the  fv.llowinj  year,  i'he  years  during  which  he  held  this  positiuu  were  trying  tinier, 
but  he  was  always  found  eiiual  to  the  emergency.  In  the  fall  of  lS(ii,  he  was  chosen 
a  memlier  of  tiie'SSth  Congress,  and  was  reelected  to  the  four  succeeding  Congresses. 
In  1872,  he  deeiined  being  again  a  candidate.  Though  no  debater,  he  v,as  au  iu- 
fluential  member  of  that  body. 

;Mr.  Ames  will  longest  be  remcDibercd,  however,  for  his  connection  with  the  Paciflc 
Railroad.  It  is  perliaps  too  early  to  write  an  impartial  history  of  this  portiuu  of  the 
life  of  Mr.  Ames.  T.ie  air  is  yet  murky  with  the  doings  at  ^Vashington,  and_  until 
the  .smoke  of  those  unfortunate' scenes  is  wholly  dissipated,  the  simple  trutiiis  not 
likely  tu  be  discovered.  Uat  there  is  probably  but  little  danger  in  the  anticipation 
that  wiien  the  truth  comes  to  be  fully  known  and  properly  appreciated,  the  character 
of  Mr.  Ames  as  a  public  benefactor  will  be  recognized  and  applauded  by  a  gratetul 
world.  It  Ls  hardly  extravagant  to  expect  that,  if  the  inventor  of  tlte  Telegraph  and 
the  man  who  applied  antesthetics  to  the  relief  uf  agony  in  surgical  operations  are 
-entitled  to  the  thanksgivings  of  our  race,  tiie  man  who,  almost  unaided,  budt  the 
raus-contlnental  railway  to  the  Pacific  Ocean,  will  receive  a  meed  of  praise  equal  to 
hat  which  has  been  awarded  to  other  noble  public  benetacnrs.  There  is  little  -.langer 
in  saying  that,  if  Oakes  Ames  had  not  lived,  the  Pacific  Railroad  had  not  yet  been 
built,  perhaps  would  never  be  built.  The  construction  of  the  Suez  Canal  has 
ehortened  the  distance  from  Europe  to  Asia  by  many  thousands  of  miles,  and^the 
Construction  of  this  railroad  has  saved  all  the  dangers  of  a  long  passage;  round  Cape 
Horn  and  l)rought  America  and  Asia  face  to  face  in  close  moral  and  busine.-s  reia- 
tiori.s.  It  ha-s  made  these  United  States  the  great  highway  of  the  iralJons  ;  and,  so 
long  as  the  commerce  of  the  world  pours  across  our  country  from  cast  to  wc^t  and 
from  we,-t  to  cost,  with  increasin^j  volume  from  age  to  age,  and  so  long  as  the  chri.s- 
tian  civilir.a  tion  of  western  nations  acts  benignly  upon  tlie  elfete  communities  of  As'a, 
st>  I'lng  will  tiie  nameol  (Jakes  Ames  bu  remembered  witli  gratitude  on  every  continent. 

That  he  sliiiuld  be  so  suddenly  and  unexpectedly  remt-  '.'d  from  these  earthly  scenes, 
and  t!;it  t>j  in  the  very  midst  of  his  trials  and  of  his  triumphs,  is  one  of  iiKjse  in- 
ecrutablem^-terits  which  often  cut  short  huioanespectationsin  the  niidscof  their  way. 

He  was  admitted  to  memborahip,  Dec.  30,.  1S71. 

Edward  Armstrong,  E-^q.,  a  corresponding  member, — born  in  Philadelphia,  June 
II,  1817,  died  Feb.  '25, 1871, — was  the  youngestson  of  Thomas  Armstrong,  a  mt-mber 
of  the  Pinladelphia  bar,  and  of  Henrietta  J.  Marache.  Having  resolved  to  adopt  the 
legal  profe.--ion,  Edward  Armstrong  Itecame  a  student  in  his  lather's  ulticc,  and  v.'as 
admittf  d  t'.'  practice  ^scptem'K'r  -J-J,  18:;'8.  In  ISil,  ho  became  a  memljer  of  the  His- 
torical Society  of  Pennsylvania,  wuich  then  btingda  a  very  depies^ed  condition,  he 
VOL.  SZIX.  10* 


114  ^^ecrology  oj  Historic,  Genealogical  Society.  [Jan. 

•with  a  few  others  interested  attempted  its  revival,  nnd  by  tlieir  cneriry  it  Boon  hoc^an 
to  sliow  eit;ns  of  liCe  uml  jivd.spi-rity  ;  lor  twruty-iive  yeiirn  he  scrvo'l  as  an  cn<  r-ieiic 
ofliccr,  and  eontributtvi  ui;niy  valuable  hi.stDrie.il  articles  to  tlte  hallctins  puMlshcd 
by  the  soeiety.  In  1*^50,  he  miw  elected  a  racmijer  of  the  Pennsylvania  hoa.~e  of 
representatives,  and  v:;-.  a  ii-.c  a. id  /.calous  in  promoting  the  passa-^e  of  the  b.^r 
providini];  fur  the  coniplpte  publioati'.m  of  Colonial  Records,  of  which  some  volumes 
nad  been  pi:hiitiiied  several  years  before. 

In  1810  b(3  made  ijupovtunt  investii:;ations  on  the  ground  in  rcirard  to  the  battle  of 
Brandi'-wine.  The  names  now  ^iven  to  the  fords  ot  the  Urandywlne  did  not  tally 
•with  those  mentioned  in  all  preceding  nceounts.  Mr.  Arinj<h-ong  brought  order  out 
of  chaod  by  aseertaiiiing  that  what  was  iJiuTington'H  Ford  in  1777  is  now  called  JJiin- 
ton's  Ford,  and  that  the  foid  formerly  known  as  Jii-inton's  is  tlie  third  fonl  Huuth  of 
BufHngton's  Ford.  The  re.^ultoftliese investigations  was  printed  in  the  "  Bulletin  " 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Historical  Society  for  Scptoniher  and  Deoember  of  that  year. 

On  the  8th  of  November,  lirjl,  beiiig  the  Ki'Jth  annivcry.ity  of  the  landiijg  of 
William  Penn  at  Clic-ter,  ^Ir.  Armstrong  delivered  an  able  address  which  was  pub- 
lished by  the  society.  Jn  16J)3,  he  wrote  a  paper  on  "  Tlie  IhVtory  and  Location  of 
Port  Nassa'd  upon  the  Delaware,"  wiiich  was  read  before  the  New-Jersey  Historical 
Society  on  the  iOth  of  January  and  pu!>lishcd  in  tlieir  "  Proceedings,"  vi.  Ic5-i?07. 
In  ISGo  he  edited  a  rare  work  by  Tliomas  Budd,  entitled  "  Good  Order  established 
in  Pennsylvania  and  New-Jersey  in  America."  and  enriched  it  with  a  memoir  of  t!io 
author  and  vr.lnable  historical  notes,  in  I8G5  he  edited  the  republication  of  the 
first  volume  of  Memoirs  of  the  Historical  Sjciety  of  Pennsylvania.  The  last  service 
rendered  by  him  to  tl'ac  society  was  the  editing  of  the  ninth  and  tenth  volnnie^  of 
its  Memoirs,  containing  the  correspondence  between  William  Peun,  James  Logan 
and  others,  v^  hich  volumes  are  noticed  in  Rkgistfr.  xxviii.  103. 

On  tlieci'eation  of  the  Nortli  Pennsylvania  Ibiilnjad  Company,  he  was  chosen  sec- 
retary" by  the  boaid  of  d'a-cctors,  and  held  the  position  till  a  short  time  before  his  death. 
For  Some  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  B.rard  of  Controllers  of  the  Public  Schools. 

Mr.  Armstrong  resided  for  a  time  in  Princeton,  New-Jersey,  and  was  elected  an 
honorary  member  of  the  Cliosoj)hic  Society  of  the  College  of  New-Jersey  in  that 
place,  an  honor  rarely  bestowed  upon  one  wtio  liad  not  been  a  gvaduate  of  some  col- 
leffe.  He  was  married  to  ]\Iiss  Elizabeth  Guiiclc,  of  Kingston,  New-Jersey,  May  29, 
1815,  who  died  several  years  before  him.  Tiiey  had  five  daughters,  of  whom  four 
survived  him.  In  his  porsoiial  character,  great  amiability  and  a  warm  attachment 
to  his  friends  were  leading  traits. 

He  was  admitted  a  member  of  this  society,  April  10,  1350.  A  memoir  of  Mr.  Arm- 
Etrong,  by  'William  J>uai;e,  Fsq.,  of  Philadelfjhia,  read  before  the  Historical  Society 
of  Pennsylvania,  March  4,  1&71,  and  printed  in  the  American  Historical  Record  for 
August,  1874,  has  been  uetd  in  the  preparation  of  this  sketch. 

The  Rev.  Sajitel  Brazek  Babcock.  D.D..  a  corrcspond'ng  member,  was  born  on 
the  north-east  corner  of  Congress  and  Milk  Streets.  Bosto  >,  September  14,  1807,  and 
died  Oct.  23,  1873.  He  was  the  son  of  Samuel  H.  Babcock,  a  merchant  of  Boston. 
He  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1830,  and  .studied  divinity  with  the  late  Rev. 
Alonzo  Potter,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  Pennsylvania,  but  at  that  time  rector  of  St.  Paul's 
Church,  Boston.  He  received  priest's  orders  in  I"^33.  and  liecame  rector  of  St.  Paul's 
Church  in  Dt;d:;ara  in  1334,  which  charge  he  retained  at  the  time  of  his  death.  This 
long  and  unbi-oken  pastorate  was  marked  by  the  most  cordial  and  tender  relations 
between  him  and  his  people.  His  labors  in  their  behalf  were  faithful  and  untiring, 
and  the  present  condition  of  the  church  attests  its  prosperity  under  his  care.  Dr. 
Babcock  was  v.-ell  known  amnng  the  clergy  of  the  state.  He  was  for  four  years 
secretary  of  the  Dioeesan  Board  of  Missions,  for  nineteen  years  treasurer  of  the  Dio- 
cese, and  president  of  the  Standing  Committee  from  18G3  to  1873.  lie  was  actively 
interested  in  the  benevolent  agencies  of  the  diocese,  and  specially  in  the  society  for 
the  relief  of  aged  and  imtigent  clergymen.  He  spared  no  eilbrt  and  lost  no  op]>ortu- 
nity  of  enforcing  the  claims  of  this  jirime  charity.  As  a  preacher.  Dr.  Babcock  was 
simple,  natural  and  effective,  and  in  the  discharge  of  his  pastoral  duties  faithful  and 
afiectionate.  He  was  a  man  of  warm  heart  and  generous  syjnpathies,  and  his  hos- 
pitality was  unbounded.  As  a  sincere  christian  and  devoted  pastor,  he  will  be  misled 
not  only  in  the  community  and  parisli  in  which  he  labored,  but  in  the  church  of 
•whose  clergy  he  was  one  of  the  nv.-'t  worthy  representatives.  In  1870,  Dr.  Babci.ck 
received  the  degn  e  of  I  )octi.'r  of  Divinity  from  two  diUi-reut  colleg^vs.  namely :  Cc>- 
lurabia  College,  New- York,  and  (iri-wold  Oillegc,  lowa. 

He  was  admitted  as  a  member,  May  20,  1847." 


1875.]       Necrology  of  Historic,  Genealogical  Society.  115 

The  Hon.  Jonx  Tr^nttss,  a  corresponding  mciubcr,  \yas  born  March  21,  1778, 
in\\'.b.lioia.  Mass.,  tl.eu  the  fir.t  parish  of  Readins,  Ma.s.  11h  lutl>er  was  U>e 
Rev.  Caleb  Prentice  as  the  name  was  then  spelt,  who  >vas  se  led  as  ''O  Con- 
jrre-ational  minister  of  the  parish  in  ITO-J,  and  niarried  Pamela,  the  clde.t  daugli- 
ter  uf  tho  Rev.  Jehu  Mc-ilcu,  of  the  vc.L  pavish  in  I-'-^^^-^^""', /,V^^',^[f '"S;  ^  '/^ 
had  ci^ht  son.s  an.l  tive  dan.-hters,  and  ot  th.se  John  was  the  illh  eh  Id.  Ji  ^1^'^  --^ 
wasb.Tri,m  Can.hrid.^'e,  Mas3.,  inlTlO,  and  graduated  at  liaruird  ?"  J'^^;*-  ie 
was  so.tlod  on  JlSO  a  j.-ar  ai.d  the  pnrsono-c  and  other  loti^.  Of  the  ei.^dit  sons,  but 
Se  received  a  li'oeral  education.  This  (the  third  son),  Charles,  a  wnter  ot  some 
celebritv.  ^nviuatod  at  Harvard  Colle.^'c  in  1795.  Caleb  the  eldest  .pent  .scver..l  years 
with  his  uncle  iu  London,  under  the  best  private  instruction.  Ihe  rest  ol  us, 
savs  John,  in  a  memuir  in  his  own  hand  wntin-,  '/  were  educated  in  the  old  red  one 
stwrv  school  house,  the  only  seminary  of  learnin-  in  the  pansu.  1  do  not  recollect 
attending  it  except  in  the  winter  months,  as  the  boys  were  wanted  on  tlie  laim  in 
the  summer.     Rut  I  had  the  advantage  of  instruction  in  my  lather  s  btudy.  . 

At  fourteen  I  was  apprenticed  to  Mr.  Thoma.  Adams,  ot  Rostun,  proprietor  of  the 
Inchpnjinit  Chronica,  ai  first  a  weekly  and  then  a  semi-weckly  journal  of  the  poli- 
tics and  the  literature  of  that  day."  In  17i)3,  he  left  Boston  and  went  to  Leominster, 
l^Ia-^s.,  where  his  brother,  on  the  ecd  of  October,  began  the  publication  ot  a  news- 
paper, The  Rural  ReposHon/,  which  continued  at  least  a  year,     ihc  brothers  con- 
tinued the  printing  business^tiU  1793,  when  they  started  another   paper,   Ihe  }  oi 
Ural  Forus:  by  "  Charles  and  John  Prentiss,"  the  latter  being  then  aoout  twenty- 
John  Prentiss  savs, '•  1  was  the  news  and  miscellaneous   editor,  and   Charles  lur 
nishcd  most  of  the  ori_n:ial  articles.      *      *      Things  did  not  mciid  much,  and,  a 
month  or  two  before  i  was  twentv-one,  I  issued  proposals  lor  pubUshin- the  iVci/.- 
IIa.r:pshirr.  S.nlineL  in  ICeene,  N.  IR,  all  the  printers  there   having  failed. 
I  hvi  not  a  dollar  lor  capital  to  begin  the  world  with.     I  purcnased  a  miserable  o.-.l 
pre-  ^  and  some  more  miserable  tvpes,     *     *    prevailed  on  a  paper-maker  at  Leo- 
minster to  trust  me  with  a  dozen  reams  of  printing  paper,  and  v/ith  bait  a  do-cn 
pounds  of  ink ,  I  was  fitted  out  to  begin  the  world . "      1  he   ^'lL■- Hampshire   .^uUi- 
nd    which    .Mr.   Premiss  continued  to  publish  for  nearly  halt  a  century,  was 
in  hi-  esteem  the  great  work  of  his  life.    In  politics  he  was,  m  the  olden  times,  a 
fderalin.andinlaterveirsawhi-,  andthen  a  republican      Ue  was  faithluland 
con-::ient;ous  in  Lis  poiitics.as  in  every  thing  else,  and  never  but  once  m  tweuty-.^ur 
years  failed  to  cast  his  vote  at  the  annual  election.     Ke  joined  a  lodge  ot^  irecma- 
sons  in  1507.     In  1520.  he  was  elected  a  representative  to  the  Isew-liampshue  legis- 
lature, and  a  senator,  1833-9.    In  religion  he  was  what  may  now  pernapsbe  ca.ica 
a  conservative  unitarian.     '' My  father,"  hosays,''wasof  the  Armmiantaith  so  far 
as  relates  to  the  five  points  of  Calvinism,"  though  his  mother  drilled  ner  chudn.u 
so  thorouglilv  in  tlie  assembly's  catechism  that  he  could  say  it  ail  by  heart,    lie  was 
one  of  the  founders  and  a  member  of  the  unitarian  church  m  Keene,  organize^ 
about  1S27:  and  he  everywhere  and  always  gave  an  active  and  hearty   sup-jic  to 
the  nrinciples  of  his  denomination.  ^,         ,  i  t.,?^ 

In  business,  as  a  printer  and  publisher,  he  was  successful,  and  accumulated  a 
handsome  estate.  He  was  a  man  of  decided  convictions,  sanguine  and  hopeuil,  aua 
ready  to  ri^k  his  property  upon  his  opinions.  He  contributed  largely  to  me  con- 
struction of  the  railroads  in  his  vicinity,  and  lessened  his  estate  by  such  mvestment^, 
though  he  retained  a  competency  to  the  last.  i  u-     •„ 

lie  was  a  man  of  strictly  temperate  habits,  of  unblemished  character,  and  hi:,  in- 
te-ritv  no  man  ever  doubted.  He  was  -enerous  and  charitable,  but  not  dLiuMnstra- 
tive,  kind,  considerate  and  just.  On  the  ^d  of  February,  1803,  he  married  Diantba 
only  diu-hter  of  Gen.  Geor-e  Aldrich,  of  Westmoreland,  witu  whom  he _  lived 
happily  till  her  death,  in  1859.  Their  children  were  :  Dlontha.  m.  the  iv.ev  Liiarlt.s 
Robinson;  0<r7nna  AJdnch ;  John  WiUiam  ;  Pamdn  Mdlcn  (died  voung);  Lorn- 
mod  .re  Grjr>;c  Ahlndi,  U.  S.  X.,  d.  April  8,  iSfiS  ;  EU-n  Sophia:  hdniund  S'.'caU, 
and  Pamila  Mdkn.  N-ne  of  tlscm  survive  him.  except  the  popular  author,  Lonnna, 
widow  ot  the  U.;n.  Th  .mas  Ilonkinson,  and  Pamela,  wife  ot  the  Hon.  Henry  i- . 
French.  Mr.  Prentiss  died  at  his  house  in  Keene,  June  6,  1S73,  aged  nmeiy-hve 
years.  He  had  retire'i  irom  active  business  twenty-live  years  beiore,  but  coutmued 
to  wri^e  for  tlie  St.nthid  and  for  several  other  papers  to  the  end  of  his  lite.  At  the 
a'^e  of  &9,  he  writes,  •'  I  have  enjovcd  cx.-cllcnt  health.  But  one  of  the  three  warn- 
ings has  yet  visited  me,  that  of  partial  deatbess.  My  eyesight  is  still  good  having 
neVT  u-'-'l  \ru'?ses  iu  i>rdinarv  business,  nor  nowvvith  a  good  lig.u.  in  IcbO,  lie 
mot.' Ills  will,  which  he  had  occasion  tisree  times  to  cliangc  by  codiciLs.  :;even 
years  before  his  deaili,  be  wrote  to  a  neiirhbor  a  full  letter  ol  instructions  as  to  uis 


116  Necrolo(jii  of  Illatoric,  Gcnealorjlcal  Society.         [Jan. 

funeral.  Tlil'i  he  amended  in  IS70,  and  a:rain  in  1672.  IIi;  wrote  his  own  epitaph. and 
gave  directions  as  to  wiio  ^Iwuld  olliciate,  wlio  should  be  paU-hcan-rs  ;  and  even 
named  die  hymn  wiiicli  shmild  be  <nx\%,  l)eL''inninir,  "  Like  shadows  ^i-iidini;-  o'er  tho 
plain,"'  to  be  sluhj;  by  a  Cow  voices  to  the  old  tune  of"  Hamburg'."  lie  wasconlined 
to  his  room  but  a  short  tiii-.f^.  and  wi-<><-o  a  eo'.ni.'Uniicntiun  fi.ir  the  SfiitinrJ  only 
three  Jays  belore  hid  end.  When  informed  liy  his  physician  tiiat  he  could  live  but 
a  few  hour-,  he  rf^rdied  "  lam  thankful  to  hear  it."  lie  seemed  to  have  no  anxiety 
as  to  thr- future.  Lookin:^  out  int.)  the  sunlij;ht,  on  the  mornini;  of  his  death,  he 
taid  to  hib  daughter,  "  Do  you  think  the  bun  will  shine  any  brii^htcr  than  this 
in  heaven  ?  " 

"  The  Prentice  or  Prentit^s  Family,"  by  Charles  J.  F.  Binncy  (Boston,  1852), 
gives  the  genealogy  of  this  fandly.  The  Jlon.  Jnhn  Prentiss  was  the  sixth  genera- 
tion in  descent  from  //crtri/'  Pz-t';!,'/!,"!?,  who  settled  in  Camt;rldge  as  early  ns  1*140, 
and  died  there  April  9,  l()5i  :  throuLch  Solomon,-  by  wife  Ilepzibah  Dunn;  Dea. 
Henry,^  by  Avile  Elizabeth  Jland  ;  Caleb,'*  by  wife  Lydia  Vrhittemore  ;  and  the 
Kev.  Cahb,^  his  tiitiier,  abovenamed. 

He  was  admitted  a  meiuber  of  this  society,  August  9,  1845. 

IToN'.  Charles  Hexky  'vVarrex,  A.M.,  an  honorary  member,  admitted  April  20, 
1S47,  died  in  Plymouth,  Mass.,  June  20.  1874,  a::'-ed7;^.  lie  was  born  in  Pi.wnoarh. 
September  29,  i70d,  and  v,-as  a  son  of  Henry  and  Mary  (Winslow)  Warren,  and 
grandson  of  Gen. 'James  Warren,  the  third  president  of  the  Jlassaohusetls  provincial 
congress,  and  his  wife  Mercy  (Utis)  ^Varren,  author  of  a  "  History  of  the  Ameri- 
can Revolution,"  and  sister  of  James  Otis,  the  patriot.  He  was  a  descendant  in 
the  7th  generation  from  Richaril^  Warren,  one  of  the  pilgrims  of  the  .May^ower,  by 
wife  FJi/ab.-fli,  t!r.O'.":g'i  I'.a.h-.udd"  by  Wile  Sarah  Walker,  Jamcs^  by  Avife  Saraii 
Doty.  James*  by  -wife  Penelope  Wiuslow,  and  Gen.  Jaines,^  his  grandfather,  al)ove 
named. 

In  his  boyhood  he  attended  the  common  schools  and  fitted  for  college  at  the  Sand- 
wich academy.  He  entered  Harvard  College  in  18io,  and  graduated  in  1S17.  After 
studying  law  with  Judge  Thomas,  of  Plymoutii,  and  Levi  Linc(jln,  of  '^Vorcester,  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Plymouth.  He  practised  there  a  year  and  then  removed 
to  Xew-Bedford.  In  1332.  he  Mas  appointed  district  attorney  for  the  soutbern  dis- 
trict of  ]Mass:ichusett.s,  cou-isring  of  the  live  southern  counties.  Thi-3  office  he  held 
till  1839,  wi;en  he  wasappointed  a  judge  of  the  Court  of  Comm  )n  Pleas.  He  re- 
mained on  the  bench  till  1844,  and  then  removing  to  Boston,  he  resumed  the  practice 
of  his  profc'fsi.jn ;  but  again  quitted  it  in  IS  10,  "on  being  chosen  president  of  the 
Boston  and  Providence  liailruad.  He  resigned  this  last  position  in  1S67,  and  in 
1871  removed  to  his  native  tov/n,  where  he  passed  the  closing  days  of  his  life. 

"  In  the  courts  of  law,  the  senate  chamber,  l)usincss  and  scholarly  circles,  in  all 
the  varied  relations  of  a  promineoc  man,  as  well  as  in  the  chisest  ties  of  friendship, 
and  in  the  cheerful  amenities  of  .x  most  liospitablc  homo,  Judge  AV'arren  was  too 
well  and  widely  known  for  his  rich  and  racy  acquirement  \,  his  marked  mental  traits 
and  sterling  worth,  to  call  for  other  eulogy  than  that  whi.h  will  live  in  the  cherished 
respect  and  atl'eetion  of  kindred  and  friends,  among  his  contemporaries  and  those  of 
a  younger  generath^n." 

Stalham  "Williams,  Esq.,  the  oldest  member  of  this  Society,  died  in  Utica,  N.  Y., 
April  6,  1873.  at  the  very  advancd  age  of  ninety-nine  years,  sis  months  and  three 
days.  He  was  horn  in  liatatdd,  Ma,-s.,  Oct.  5,  1773.  "He  was  the  son  of  Deacon 
William  Williams.  He  was  one  of  eleven  ehillren ,  nine  of  whom  lived  beyond  middle 
age — the  youngest  of  the  nine  dying  at  the  age  of  .5.5  years.  His  earliest  American 
ancestor  was  Itubert  Williams,  who  c;ims  from  Nonvicii,  England,  in  1C.33,  and 
settled  in  Roxbury.  Mass.  Suilliam  ^\'iliiams  descended  from  Isaac  Williani.s.  the 
second  son  ol  Robert.  His  mother's  maiden  name  was  Dorothy  Ashley.  In  his 
infancy  he  was  adopted  by  hi.s  gramltatiier.  Col.  Isvacl  Williams,  of  Hatfield.  He  was 
educated  until  his  lifteenth  year  with  the  intention  of  entering  Harvard  College, 
but  that  plan  was  irustrated  by  tlie  sudden  death  of  his  grandfather,  lie  then  re- 
turned to  his  parents,  who  vrcre  living  in  Dalton,  ]\his«.,'  and  worked  upon  a  farm 
till  he  became  of  ago.  Soon  alter,  in  connection  with  his  brother  John,  he  opened  a 
country  store  in  Conway.  !Mass.,  a!;d  in  ISCO  lie  murrifd  Mary  Augusta  Barron, 
step-daughter  of  Judge  Strong,  oi  Amherst,  Mass.  In  IbOf),  he  remcrved  to  Utica, 
N.  Y..  and  entered  again  into  mercantile  life,  but  six  years  afterwards  he  fuund 
himself  tao,kriip*,  and  liiereafier  made  CO  atrempt  to  conduct  business  on  his  own 
account,     L"ij'j-i  the  opeiiing  of  the  Erie  canal,  he  waa  fur  many  jcars  collector  of 


1875.]         .  Societies  and  their  Procc':dingf>.  117 

tolls,  and  aftorwanl-;  lie  was  made  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Packet  3o:^_t  Com- 
pany. Siil.~e.|uently  be  entered,  a-<  an  acoo'.intnnt,  liie  ^stahlisliiucnr  of  Xiclnlns 
<t  John  C.  Deveroaux.  Tlie  liiii;Ii  intcgriLv  of  tliac  hr>ur-e,  oujiled  v:'y.\\  the  aeoursite 
and  tnistwurt'iy  eliaraoter  of  their  aoeoantant,  drew  to  their  ei-tiil;li.shment  a  hr^^e 
nurahcr  of  tlio  pot^ror  citizons  ot  I'tiea,  who  n  nue>r<,d  tlirin  to  hceomo  tlie  tnisiees 
of  their  l.unih'o  5avin  «.  Tide  kind  of  unclijrN:red  baviii.^s  Jiank,  under  the  inan- 
ag-iiicnt -ifMr.  William^,  who  perfi.mud  nil  the  r.Hitirie  work  witli  rare  C'.jHty, 
at  ]a.<i  sicw  into  an  im'orp orate.l  Institution,  of  wldeh  lie  was  made  the  .-".jureta- 
ry  and  treasurer,  and  which  oilioes  ho  held  for  more  than  forty  year^,  and  d.^v.n  to 
th.-  day  of  liis  death, 

Tlie'wife  nf  Mr.  Williams  died  at  tlie  advanced  r.'s^r-.  nf  S.5  year.'..,  three  luvnth^ 
after  tlie  ctlebiation  of  the  .«lsty-third  anniversary  of  their  iiiarriacr-i.  They  liad 
five  children,— four  daaaliter.s  and  one  son.  One  davi^'liter  died  in  infancy,  the  other 
three  are  j^tiii  living.  Tlie  pon,  'William  Barron  "Willianr-;,  died  in  Kochc-ster,  N.  Y., 
in  ISoT,  in  the  fifty-fourth  year  of  his  aire. 

i\Ir.  Williams's  "life  was  uneventful.  'lie  never  sought  political  or  social  prefer- 
ment. He  w;is  modebt  and  rotirinir,  almost  to  a  iault^,  but:  he  was  f->:.dly  !>yi;d  and 
imi)iicitly  trusted  by  ail  who  knew'him.  He  was  a  man  of  great  purity  of  life  and 
of  the  most  unbending  inte:^^rity.  His  word  wn.s  as  good  a.s  his  b  md.  and_  his  long 
life  was  beautifully  nnin'ied  out  Avitli  the  graces  of  tiie  most  cons!st<mt  pi-.-cy.  lie 
was  horn  before  the  birth  of  thit;  republic.  All  the  celebratiuus  of  the  nation's 
histiiry  are  comprised  within  tl'.e  volume  of  his  long  life.  Ho  hci^vl  the  shout-S  of 
the  victorious  troops  of  the  rerolution.  He  hcntd  the  tiiundci.-  of  the  cf^nnon  v.-:,ich 
announced  the  declaration  uf  An>erican  independence.  He  heard  the  loud  h'l-an- 
nas  wh'ch  vv-cnt  up  to  hoaven,  when  the  eimincipatioi]  p-oclarantioii  gave  freedom 
to  four  millions  of  slaves.  He  knew  .sornetliing  of  all  the  president.s.  He  kne'v  the 
first  steamer  that  ascendid  the  Hudson  river.  He  heard  the  first  snorting  ot'  the 
iron  horse,  and  tiie  Orst  click  of  the  telegraph.  He  was  eniinently  sysixmatic  in 
all  his  habits.  Heconsulted  the  barometer  and  the  therniorneter  three  times  a  day, 
and  made  a  record  of  the  weather,  almost  down  to  the  time  of  his  death.  He  was 
strictly  temperate  as  well  as  conscientious,  and  his  long  and  useful  life,  his  calm 
and  serene  old  age,  tempered,  beautified,  and  transfigured  with  christian  hone 
and  joy,  wrs  one  great  anihcuT, — an  antliem  which  we  have  little  doubt  culmiiiac- 
cd  in  *•  the  son!,'  of  Mjses  audthe  Lamb." 


SOCIETIES  AND  THEIP.  PROCEEDINGS. 

New-Exglaxd  HiSTOPac.  GEXE-ii.ociiCAL  SociEir. 

Bor4on,  Mas!^.,  W'^dnesday,  October  1  ^  187 1.— A  quarterly  meeting  was  he-Id  afc 
three  o'clock  this  afternoon,  at  the  Society's  Hou.se.  IS  Somerset  streec,  the  president, 
the  ll.n..  Marsliall  P.  Wilder,  in  the  "chair.  In  the  absence  of  the  recording 
sevr.-tary,  II.  H.  h'des  was  choficn  secretary  pro  tern. 

The  piv.-iiLnt  announced  the  deaths  of  the  Pvt.  Rev.  Henry  Washington  Lee.  D.D., 
bish'.p  of  Iowa,  and  hon.'.rary  vice-president  of  this  s<xiety  fjr  that  .state,  and 
Francois  Picire  Guiliaume  Gufzot,  the  celebrated  Fren'.'h  statesman  and  historian, 
an  honorarv  memlier ;  and  oommittfes  were  appriintcd  to  prej.are  suitabie  resolu- 
tions, mimely  :  Ov.  Dishop  Lee— the  Rev.  Edmund  F.  Sl.-*fier,  Jolm  W.  Dean,  and  the 
Hon.  Jame^'W.  Austin  Ti-nd  on  .M.  Guiz.r—the  Rev  .Lucius  il.  Paige,  ^.D.,  the 
Hon.  Ciiarl.s  L.  \Vi,M>diury  and  the  Hon.  George  W.  Warren. 

The  res.jlutions  on  the  ucath  of  Mr.  Upton,'  reported  at  the  last  meeting,  were 
then  taken  up,  and,  ;',f:er  remarks  by  the  ])resident,  and  l.v  the  Hon.  Charles  L. 
Woodbury,  Dr.  V.'illiaai  M.  Cornell. 'Frederic  Kidder,  the  Hon.  Jacob  SIoe;;er.  the 
Hon.  George  H.  Kuhn,  William  B.  Towne  and  William  B,  Trask,  they  were  unani- 
mously adi.pteil  as  f-jllovvs : 

Wn<^rrax  on  the  first  day  of  July  l-'sfc.  the  Hon.  George  Bruce  Upton,  vioe-pre=ident 
of  this  .society  for  tiie  r.izlX".  of  Ji;v^sachusetts.  an  inriuenrial  and  highly  esteemed 
citizen  of  Lo-ton.  departiti  this  lile  ;  and 

Wkertas  It  is  eminently  proper  luat  at  this  the  first  public  meeting  of  the  society 


118  Societies  and  their  Prucecdhigs.  .  [Jan. 

pincc  the  occurronee  of  tliis  sail  cvunt,  furmnl  notiijo  thereof  should  be  taken,  and  a 
record  inaiie  of  our  action  in  tlio  pieiiii.scs,  tluni.'toro — 

Risohcil,  Tiiat  we,  his  associat>;  iiKMiibcrs  of  the  New-England  Ili.stjric,  (Jenea- 
loilical  S'jciety,  in  common  -with  his  felknv  citiz^-ns  at  l;ir;:;e,  deeply  iJi:^ui!i  the  los3 
of  one  who,  by  his  enoriiy  of  clianicti  r,  uatlriir^  industry  and  lofcy  iiite.:ii'ity,_  con- 
tributed liirj:ely  to  the  ^public  and  private  welfare  of  fiiis  coiuuiunity  and  of  this 
couimonwcalfii. 

Rso/rui,  That  we  recall  with  gcnsihility  and  uratitadc  his  services  as  an  ollieer  of 
this  society,  his  constant  and  uns.llish  interest  in  its  i)rosperity,  and  his  ^irenerous 
contrihution-:  of  time,  money  and  iiilluence  towards  tlie  advanceuient  of  its  u' juets. 

Re.<oU-r.d,  That  wc  tend.-r  our  sympatliics  to  the  lliinily  of  our  deceased  associate, 
and  invoke  for  them  and  for  ourselves  the  consolations  of  our  lioly  religion,  whicli 
alone  can  niini-ter  in  this  great  bereavement. 

Rfsolrrrl.  Th.at  these  resolutions  be  entered  upon  our  records,  and  that  a  copy 
thereof,  duly  attested  by  the  president  and  secretary,  be  communicated  to  tiie  family 
of  the  deceased. 

A  nominating  committee  was  then  chosen,  consisting  of  the  Hon.  Charles  L. 
Woodbury,  theT  Kev.  Edmund  F.  Slafter,  William  ]i.  Tuwne,  John  Vy'.  Dean, 
"William  B.  Trask.  and  Jeremiali  Colburn. 

The  committee  retired  to  nominate  the  publishing  committee,  which  is  chosen  at 
this  meeting,  the  remaining  officers  l>eing  elected  in  Jamiary.  They  reporied  the 
following  candidates,  who  were  nnanimouslv  eiinsen  as  the  pul/iishing  eoiniaittee 
for  lS*T-5,  namelv:  Col.  .Albert  tl.  Uovt,  John  Ward  [)<an,  William  13.  Towne,the 
Rev.  Lucius  R.  Paiae,  D.D.,  H.  fl.  Kdis  and  Jeremiah  Colbuin.  This  is  the  same 
committee  as  served  last  year,  cxcejit  .^Ir.  (''.tll)urn,  who  was  chosen  in  the  place  of 
Coirnijlore  Ceoige  H.  Preble,  U.S.N. ,  who,  having  removed  to  Philadelphia  as 
commandant  of  the  navy-yard  there,  declined  a  reelection. 

Jo'jn  ^V.  Dean,  the  libn^rian,  reported  as  donations  during  September,  31  volumes, 
81  pamphlets  and  a  variety  of  otlier  articles.  Special  uicntiori  was  made  of  the  dona- 
tions of  John  S.  II.  Fogg.tiie  banner  suspended  bc-hind  the  chair  of  the  presiding 
officer  of  the  South  Carolina  convention 'which  passed  the  secession  ordinance  in 
December,  ISGO,  and  several  hundred  rare  newspapers  between  17G0  and  ITDO  ;  J. 
J.  Hawes,  a  cabinet  photograph  of  Chief  Justice  Lemuel  Shaw;  the  lion.  Joel 
Parker,  governor  of  New-el ersey.  the  lion.  J'tscph  \\.  Porter,  John  L.  Dcvution, 
James  B.  Richardson,  the  Hon.  Edward  S.  Davis,  the  Hon.  John  K.  Rollins,  Au.ivin 
Lord  and  Arthur  M.  Alger,  the  last  named  presenting  a  copy  formerly  Iielonginir  to 
the  tragedian,  Edwin  Forrest,  of  the  extra  of  the  Charleston  Mercury,  Dec.  •2U,  16G0, 
announcing  the  passage  of  the  secession  ordinance  and  the  dissolution  of  the  union. 
John  Ward  Dean,  the  assistant  historiographer,  read  biographical  sketches  of  the 
following  deceased  members,  viz.  :  John  Couirh  Nichols,  F.S.A.,  the  Hon.  John  R. 
Brodhead,  the  Hon.  Newell  A.  Thomi)son.  Stalliam  \Villiams,  the  Rev.  Thomas  De 
Witt,  D.D.,  Daniel  Denny,  the  Hon.  Charles  H.  Warren,  the  Rev.  Samuel  B.  Bab- 
cock,  D.D.,  Alfred  Grcenleaf,  Edward  Armstrong,  Solomon  R.  Spaulding  and  Charles 
W.  Moore. 

David  P.  Holton,  M.D.,  of  New- York,  then  read  a  brief  paper  giving  reminis- 
cences of  Boston  in  former  times  by  an  aged  resident  of  this  city. 

November  4. — A  stated  meeting  was  held  this  afternoon,  President  Wilder  in  the 
chair. 

The  president  congratulated  the  society  on  the  return  of  the  recording  secretary, 
David  G.  Haskins,  Jun.,  who  had  been  absent  in  Europe  for  u\ore  than  a  year.  Mr. 
Haskins  expressed  his  pleasure  in  again  meeting  the  society,  and  his  thanks  for  the 
honor  done  him  in  reelecting  him  to  ofiiee  during  his  prolonged  absence. 

The  president  announced  the  death  of  two  ex-vice-presidents,  namely,  the  lion. 
Timothy  Farrar,  LL.D.,  vice-presiiient  from  1853  to  1s;j8,  and  the  Hon.  Nathaniel 
B.  Shurtlefi',  M.D.,  from  1S50  to  1>j3.  Committees  were  appointed  to  prepare  re- 
solutions, namely  :  On  Judge  Farrar — the  Rev.  Dorus  Clarke.  D.D.,  Frederic 
Kidder  and  Col.  Albert  H.  Ilovt ;  and  on  Dr.  Shurtlefl— the  Hon.  Thomas  C.  Amorv, 
William  B.  Trask  and  Charles  W.  Tuttle. 

The  Rev.  Edmund  F.  Shifter,  chairman  of  the  committee  appointed  last  month, 
reported  the  following  resolutions  : 

Resolved,  That  this  society  desires  to  place  upon  record  a  deep  sense  of  its  loss  in 
the  death  of  the  Right  Rev.  Henry  Wiishington  Lee,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  bishop  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  ehurv  h  in  the  di'-cese  of  Iowa  and  an  honorary  vice-president 
of  this  society,  vrho.^e  wisdom  and  learning,  united  to  an  active  and  .self-sacrificing 
life  ;  whose  broad,  generous  and  catholic  spirit,  reaching  far  beyond  the  tield  of  his 


1875.]  Societies  and  their  Proceedings.  119 

personnl  l;iT)or=,  r.n.'l  tlic  church  of  v.hich  he  was  a  di6tinp;dlshed  ornament,  command 
our  hearty  and  profonnd  respect.  r  -d-  u      t 

Rcsoh-cd,  Tli:it  our  \Tarmest  sympathies  are  tendered  to  the  fara-ly  of  Bishop  Loe 

in  tlicir  ?roal:  hrT.^^vo'nfiit,  vi-rthat  the  vccordiiiq  secretary  he  reiiiieptcd  to  iiitorm 

them  o(  Vim  nction  of  the  society,  and  to  tniiibinit  to  tlieni  a  copy  of  tFicce  rcsoluti'His. 

Mr.  Slaft.-r  paid  an  elo'jnent"'  and  appreciative  tribute  to  the  memory  of  l>i.shop 

J/ee,  and  the  re-^ohitinns  A-rre  unanimously  adopted. 

'J  he  IJon.  Joseph  I'..  Walker,  of  Con.'ord,  xN.H.,  read  a  very  able  paper  entitled 
"  A  Cilance  at  JSoine  Portion8  of  the  Life  and  Labors  of  Count  Rumfnrd,"  in  which 
le  presented  a  vivid  picture  of  some  of  the  mo.'<t  important  and  interesting  ])ortions 
of  the  life  of  Sir  ]5enjainin  Thompson,  Count  Kumford,  whose  labura  in  science  and 
political  economy  have  uiven  him  a  world-wide  reputation. 

.  At  the  clo?e  of  the  i.aper,  Samuel  G.  Drake  exhibited  a  large  and  rare  collection 
of  portraits  of  Count  Kuuifurd. 

The  librarian  folb.nved  with  his  monthly  report.  During;  October  there  had  been 
received  as  donations,  nO  vnlumes,  173  pamphlets,  2  oil  paintin-s,  40  manu=cripts 
and  a  vuriets'  of  other  articles.  Special  meniion  was  made  of  the  donations  ot  t-en. 
John  S.  Tvler,  Dr.  T.  Larkin  Turner,  the  lion.  Klins  \V.  Leavenworth,  LL.D.,  of 
Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  W.  F.  Bovd  of  .^lansficld,  and  J.  U.  Harrison  of  Davenport.  Iowa. 
The  donation  irom  (ien.  Tvler  was  a  portrait  by  Smibert  of  his  great-arandiarhcr 
■\VilHam  Tvler,  a  B.^ston  merchant,  b(n-n  IGST,  dhd  1758,  tiio  grandfather  of  the 
Hon.  Roviill  Tvler,  autiior  of  •'  The  Alcrerine  Captive"  and  other  works.  A  letter 
from  tlie  dono"r  was  read,  giving  an  account  of  "William  Tyler  and  som.e  ot  his 
descendants. 

Tlicdoi.ation  of  Dr.  Turner  was  the  portrait  of  an  unknown  girl,  painted  over 
one  hundred  vears  ago.  which  was  left  by  the  lloyall  family  at  their  house  in  Med- 
Ibrd,  during  the  r  'volutiotiary  war.     (See  REGitTtR,  sxiv.  5S,  note  3.) 

Dcremher  2.— A  monthly  meeting  was  held  this  afternoon.  In  the  absence  of  the 
president,  the  Rev.  Dorus'CIarke,  D.D.,  was  called  h)  the  chair. 

'Ihe  presiding  officer  announced  the  death  of  Daniel  N.  Haskell,  editor-in-ehiet  of 
the  Bo.-ton  Eveninir  Transcript,  a  member  of  this  society  deeply  interested  in  its  ob- 
ject. A  committee,  consi:^ting  of  the  Hon.  Stephen  N.  Stockwell.  editor  ot  the_ 
Journal,  Delano  .\.  Goddard,  editor  of  tlie  Advertiser,  and  Curtis  Guild,  editor  of 
the  Commercial  Bulletin,  were  appointed  to  prepare  resolutions. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Clarke,  chairman  of  a  committee  appointed  at  the  last  meeting,  re- 
ported the  following  resolutions  ; 

Resohid,  Tiiat  by  the  recent  demise  of  the  Hon.  Timothy  Farrar,  LL.D..  this 
society  has  lost  one  of  its  brightest  ornaments.  Inheriting  a  mind  singularly  fair 
and  judicial,  fond  of  investigation,  genial  in  his  spirit  and  cordially  accepting 
Christianity,  not  merely  as  a  code  of  ethics,  but  as  a  gystem  of  redemption,  Judge 
Farrar  commanded  a  wide  measure  of  respect.  Like  his  father  before  him  he 
forme  dy  occupied  the  bench  of  one  of  the  courts  of  New-Hampshire,  and  by  hia 
mode.ation,  his  impartiality  and  his  legal  attainments,  he  added  dignity  to  the 
jiidicial  proceedings  of  that  state,  already^distinguishtd  for  their  purity  and  ability. 
For  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  he  has  lived  in  comparative  retirement,  has 
treparcd,  with  great  labor,  his  "  ^Manual  of  the  Constitution,"  and  gratified  his  taste 
^y  extended  researches  into  the  fields  of  cla-sical,  historical  and  christian  literature. 
Judge  Farrar  has  long  been  a  member  of  this  institution,  and  was  fjr  several  years 
one  of  its  vice-presidents.  Though  spared  to  us  and  his  family  and  friends  to  a  good 
old  ai,'e,  we  at  last  miss  his  dignified  presence  and  judicious  aid  in  our  monthly  coun- 
cils, but  ent»Tt;un  tlie  firm  conviction  that  he  has  been  called  to  a  higher  sphere  of 
service  in  the  '•  Better  Land." 

Re<<ohTd,  That  a  copy  of  these  resolutions,  ofiiclally  attested,  be  .«ent  to  the  family 
of  our  dejrartcd  associate,  as  an  expression  of  our  respect  for  his  memory  and  ol  our 
S3*mpathy  in  their  bereavement. 

Remarks  were  made  by  Dr.  Clarke,  Frederic  Kidder  and  Col.  Almon  D.  Hodges, 
and  the  resolutions  were  unanimously  adopted. 

Elias  Hasket  Der'iy,  of  Boston,  then  read  a  paper  entitled,  "Services  of  New- 
Hampshire  and  her  Scotch  Colonists  in  the  Heroic  Ane  of  the  Republic."  He  ad- 
verted to  the  courage  and  resolution  of  the  Scotch  who  settled  in  the  province  of 
Ulster,  Ireland,  and  then  traced  a  colony  from  that  province  across  the  ocean  to  New- 
Hampshire,  which  produced  brave  ami  hariy  men  who  were  distinguished  in  the 
French  wars  and  the  American  revolution,  aiu'm:^  whom  were  the  partizan  RoL'ers, 
and  Cols.  Stark,  Reed,  Cilley,  and  that  .Matthew  Thornton  who  signed  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence. 


I 


120  Societies  and  their  Proceedings.  [Jan. 

Mr.  DerT)y  prodiired  etatiftics  to  show  tliat  nt  tho  battle  of  Bunker  I  *■  roop3 
from  Nt'.v-lIaiQMshire,  among  whom  those  of  ^cotch-lrisli  dt-soLnt  •\vert  >eut, 

on  the  ground  at  the  conmifiicemont  nftho  battle,  were  at  least  a  thoiisa  'lis- 

tory   ho  correct,   he   said,  tlif^i-e  were  ngt  at-  noy  time  more  than  tiftet  -ed 

Americans  engnged.  &o  that  Xew-Iiam[)shire  mut>t,  have  furni.-hed  two-thii  -c 

men  who  took  pun  in  the  battle  from  tlie  brginning  to  the  cluoe.     lie  loll'..  i 

Nei\--Ha;'ip>l!iie  troo;i:^  to   Trentun,  I'rinceton,  Saratoga,  and  other  battle, 
they   rendered  imj)ortant  service.      Remarks   on   this  "subjeet   were  made 
Hon.  George  W.  \V'arren,  Frederic  Kidder,  Joseph  Leeds  and  the  lion.  Thorn 
Amory. 

The  librarian  reported  that,  during  the  month  of  Novem?;er,  there  had  been  , 
Bented  to  the  society  16  volnmes,  45  pamjililets,  and  Fcveral  other  articles.  Spe(.  . 
mention  was  made  of  the  donations  of  iSli^s  Susan  W.  Jones,  of  Baltimore,  Mt 
Luey  CJough  Nichols  of  Loiidun,  the  llev.  Jnscph  F.  Tutfle,  D.D.,  president  o 
"VVabash  college,  J.  C.  Hart  of  Plainvillc,  Ct.,  Francis  Parkman,  Arthur  M.  Alitor, 
Cyrus  ^\'oodman,  Mi^s  Eliza  S.  Quincy  ami  Fnuu-is  II.  l,ce.  The  donation  of  -Mi.ss 
Jones  was  a  thick  fjlio  volume  entitled,  "  Mementoes  of  the  War  of  1801,"  being  an 
extensive  collection  of  engravings  is.sued  during  the  war,  such  as  portraits,  battle 
Bcenes,  envelope  devices,  caricatures,  &c.  <tc.  The  materials  were  c«jllected  and  de- 
signed by  L.  M.  Van  Keurcn  of  Boston,  a  young  union  fculdier,  .since  deceased,  and 
were  arranged  by  Mr^^.  i^.  T.  AV'ebster. 

The  Rev.  Edmund  F.  Slaftcr,  the  corresponding  secretary,  reported  letters  accept- 
ing membership  from  Capt.  Samuel  R.  Knu.x,  L'.S.N.,  of  Everett,  Mass.  ;  the  Kev. 
Herman  R.  Timlow,  of  Southingtun,  Ct.  ;  tho  Hon.  Joseph  B.  Walker,  of  Concord, 
N.II.  ;  ,i:.d  ALljijit  L.iv. iejLii.e,  of  Bosuiu,  le.-ident ;  and  the  Rev.  Ceurge  B.  Bleukin, 
W.A.,  prebendary  of  Lincoln  and  vicar  of  Rostori,  England,  corresponding. 

Decejiber  16. — An  adjourned  meeting  was  held  this  afternoon,  President  Wilder 
in  the  chair. 

The  lion.  Charles  L.  Woodbury,  in  behalf  of  the  committee  appointed  at  a  former 
meeting,  offered  the  following  resolutions,  which  were  unanimously  adopted  : 

Resolved,  That  this  society  has  learned,  with  regret,  the  death  of  M.  F.  p.  G. 
Guizot,  late  their  associate  as  an  honorary  member.  The  career  of  this  distinguished 
statesman  presented  excellence  in  .so  many  departments  of  protound  thought  and 
executive  capacity  that  the  judgment  of  his  biui;ra])hers  is  left  in  doubt  whether  to 
award  the  palm  to  his  high  ruerit  as  a  praetica.l  statesman,  to  his  industry  and  re- 
search ia  the  fields  of  history,  or  to  his  great  power  of  applying  his  practical  know- 
ledge of  public  affairs  to  the  elucidation  of  obscure  and  condicting  annals.  As  an 
historian,  tracing  the  rise  of  modern  civilization  ;  as  a  publicist,  treating  of  tlie  con- 
flict of  ideas  in  the  periods  of  the  great  revolutions  which  Enirland  and  France  have 
undergone  in  their  progress  toward  modern  liberty  ;  and  as  the  annalist  of  our  own 
Washington,  literature  and  statesmanship  owe  him  a  del>t  of  gi-atitnde  ;  but  for  his 
un-\;\  earied  and  extraordinarv-  services  in  the  cause  of  public  education,  humanity 
and  civilization  recognize  him  as  a  benefactor  of  the  human  race.  The  blendini:  of 
the  great  qualities  of  his  mind,  the  foree  of  his  character,  his  experience  in  aflixirs, 
his  profound  knowledge  of  liistory  and  his'untiring  industry,  gave  a  breadth  to  his 
observations  and  a  precision  to  their  application  which  has  made  his  fame  not  simply 
national  bu":  cosmopolitan  in  its  extent.  This  society  deplore  the  lose  of  our  dis- 
tinguished brother,  and,  in  token  of  their  esteem,  join  with  his  compatriots  in  deck- 
ing his  tomb  with  unlading  coronals. 

The  Rev.  Dorus  Clarke,  D.D.,  read  an  able  paper  on  "  The  Life  and  Writinn-s  of 
Guizot." 

Dr.  Clarke  also  read  biographical  sketches  of  decca.scd  members,  namely  :  Jonathan 
Towne,  Anson  Parker  Hooker,  M.D..  Colonel  Joshua  \\.  Peirce,  Captain  Charles 
A.  Ranlet,  Jr.,  and  the  lion.  Ralph  U.  Smith. 

Dr.  Clarke  then  stated  that  he  had  read  his  last  memoir  as  the  historiographer  of 
the  society',  as  he  had  notified  the  nominating  committee  that  he  would  not  consent  ■ 
to  be  a  candidate  for  reelection. 

A  committee  to  prepare  resolutions  suitably  recognizing  his  services  was  appointed. 
It  consi.^ted  of  William  B.  Trask,  his  predccessor,"and  Charles  W.  Tuttle  and  John 
W.  Dean,  who  had  been  his  a.N-iftanLs. 

The  Hon.  Thomas  C.  Amory  then  read  a  sketch  of  the  life  of  Elisha  T.  Wilson, 
M.D.,  a  resident  meir.her. 

William  R.  Trask  foUow.-d  witli  sketches  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Smyth,  D.D.,  and 
the  Rev.  Curtis  Cutler,  both  members. 


1875.]  Societies  and  their  Proceedings.  121 

r,.3°  """."•  ^'^'".^"•".^•■-'^"'m''-^''-^^'^'™""  «^^  committee  appointed  at  a  previous 
mceiinj:,  tlien  ,iticreil  tlie  Inllowin;:  re?oltiti(m.s :  prt.\iou8 

7.V5oAvy/    That  Avith  pr.iluu.h!  re-ret  at  the  loss  sustained  by  this  societv    in  com- 
mon ^v.th  the  M-h,.lo   oomr.un.ity,  in  the  dpcoase  of  our  late  as-oeia  e    the  irm 
r.a  hansel    ^   ShurUvfj;  M.D.,  ^ve  add  our  tribute  to  his  min  ury  juSv  due  lo       i. 

otheird,u:unst,|trrpnhl.o.  Jus  estimable  pcr>anal  qualities,  have  been  widely  r-- 
c.,^rn..ul  juul  !,ttu,,^.y  e.n.uu.uorated  It  is  tor  uh  to  hear  witness  to  his  c  n  ii^n- 
lous  un.l  uinvr;u-y.n-  assiduity  in  hi.t.yrical  research,  in  resruin-  (h.m  ob^iv^m 
amily  and  local  l,.rc  ;  characters  and  incidents  ol'  the  past,  oUen  '>d  ^  in  tc" 
rom!.-.r  more  iutunatc  association  wnh  ourselves  than  events  and  ptrsonp 'cs  o f 
more  h.st„rieal  importance ;  his  ea^^erness  to  j.roeurc  information  and  elinun^rte  its 
Jross  ,  his  rc:i(iiness  t(.  communicate  will  not  be  speedily  furrruttun  •  and  in  hiK  ml, 
loat.ons  Illustrative  of  his  native  city,  which  he  loved  si  well  Id  Jo  ra  t  y       .[  te  " 

were  udJined.'^'  ^^  ^'''  ^^'"-  ^^'''^''  ^^  ^^^'^^'^^^-^  ^^^  ^he  president,  the  resolutions 
aft!rir^n.''"'"^  '^''*  ^^"^  ''"""'''^  riif^ting  be  held  at  half-past  two  o'clock  in  the 

Nfw-Lo\1)on-  CorxTT  HisioRrcAL  Societf. 

,1,;'^'^''"'i"'''''^''''''-Pv^^''^''"^''^'V'''^'"'-^-^0'  16~-1-— The  annual  meetin<r  was  held  thi^ 

flic  ,':Vir'' """^  """^  ""^  ""^  """'^^^^^^    the  president,  Judge  Foster    in 

I'iu-  treasurer's  report  showed  a  balance  in  the  treasury  of  $73.23.     Ei^rht^'  dollars 

l;a.l^bccn  received  trom  four  life-membei-s.  and  about  fortj  dollars  from  annual 

\-.!i';"'.nM'''''-^  ^fp*^^^!'^!^^,^^  of  the  society  from  its  present  locality  to  the  fire-proof 
National  Ln.on  Bank  budding  being  under  discussion,  Mavor  Waller  pled-^dE- 
^df  to  u. ..  h,s  endeavors  to  have  suitable  rooms  furnished  in  +he  city  halt      It  w^^ 

fur'nlt;ti  fa^JvVc""'''^'  \'  ''^^  ^^^  ""''''  '''''''  provdd'ed  "L  c^^  dd  n 
xurnisa  sati^iaetory  accommodations. 

The  secretary  read  a  list  of  donations, 
namely":"''''''^  ^^'"'^''"''  *"'"''  ^^''^  P'^'^'  '''^^''  ^^^  following  officers  were  chosen, 
President— La.  Fayette  S.  Foster. 
Vice-Preswents-Charh.^  J.  .AlcCurdy,  Ashbel  Woodward,  Francis  B   Loomis 

\VhM     V.  r   ^^/V^'  George   \\.    Goddard,   Htarv  J.  Gallop,  Richard    \ 

^^rrctr,ry~\\\  R.  Starr. 

Jrecmnr—WilUam  H.  Rowe. 
r.lac.  ,  M.^.f!'!' xf  'u   ^^"^  ^ffi^.'-^^^.^as  the  election  of  Mr.  Starr,  as  secretary,  in  the 

\  i  bei    V^*  ^t\'\r't'  ^''l''''^.  ^  reelection  on  account  of  other  dutiel 
of  run.  "  wh  ciro  '    ^-^V  u  ^:^°^i^"'  ^^^'^.'^^^  a  P^Per  on  the  "  Life  and  Times 
audienS'  ^^''      ^^""^  ^°  ^°''^'  ''"^  '^''^  ^''^^^""'^  '^  ^^  an- appreciative 

friSd  orrh'<°wf,.v"rn""'"?''^  *''"  °"-'"^^  *«^  of  xNorwich.  He  is  known  as  the 
centurv  Vr„^f  I  .?  '  ?Vn  '  ^  P^?°^'"^°t  actor  m  the  events  of  nearly  half  a 
cemurj  trom  the  settlement  of  Connecticut 

t.pV'k  •■^'^'"^'^.^'^f  ^V^y  "PP".-.ite  views  of  the  character  of  Uncas  have  prevailed  These 
mp  be  called  the  Connecticut  and  the  Mas^.achusotts  views,  the  former  bein^  favora- 
ble and  tne  latter  the  reverse.  Dr.  Woodward  showed  how  these  diSnt  v=eW3 
arose,  and  brought  forward  arguments  in  favor  of  the  Connecticut  view 

Rhode  Island  Historicai,  SocrExr. 

T,.wT'^''''''-  ^•■^•\  ^"^''■3'-^^"'-  21,  18T4.-An  adjourned  quarterlv  meetin-  was 
held  Uusevening  in  the  cabm-t,  on  Waterman  street,  t!:e  Ifon.  Zachariah  Allln 

^^'iTV"  '''•^'''■'^''-  ^^'■'''  ''-''  ^  '-'^y  i^^Se  attendance,  and  aa  vxn  /  uai 
numoer  ot  ladies  were  prcseut.  -       =  ,  au  i.uij..uai 

VOL.  XSIX.  11 


122  Societies  and  their  Proceedings,  [Jan. 

^  Amos  Perry,  the  secretary,  rend  a  letter  from  the  lihmrian,  the  Rev,  Edwin  M. 
Stone, -ivho  was  prevented  t>y  sickiio.-j«  from  iittendiri;;,  rderrin,!,'  to  the  paper  on  ihe 
streets  of  Providence,  to  be  read  at  this  ineetiuir,  aud  ::ivin^'  facts  and  reniipisrencts 
as  to  the  former  and  present  names  and  the  location  of  hireet*,  accompanied  hv  a 
ira^ucnt  of  an  an^iellt  plat  of  tiie  iouii,  from  ulucy  Btrett  to  Stampers  street, 
drawn  hy  Andrew  Harris  in  Feb.  17IS. 

jMr.  Perry  then  read  from  the  Phenix,  a  Providence  newspaper  of  June  14,  18P6, 
an  ordinance  adopted  by  tiie  town  cuuricii  tJxin::;  the  names,  metes  and  bounds  of 
the  seventy-six  streets  then  laid  out.  The  cliaiiLres  of  names  were  also  taven,  as  for 
instance.  North  and  Soutli  Main  street  were  sul/stituted  f.r  Kinu^  street.'and  Cullc^e 
street  for  Hanover  street,  all  names  tairuf^d  with  ruvalty  bcini;  then  very  unpupuhir. 

Jlemarks  followed  fnmi  the  Hun.  Zaehiuiah  Allen,  tlio  Hon.  Thomas  A,  Doyle, 
mayor  of  Providence,  William  G.  \\'illiams,  J.  Erastus  Le^ter,  Jonathan  S.  Angell, 
Christopher  IJiirr  and  Amos  Perry,  brinijing  out  many  interesting  reminiseeuces  of 
the  streets  of  Providence. 

December  8.— A  meeting  -Nvas  held  this  evening,  the  president,  the  Hon.  Samuel 
G.  Arnold,  in  the  chair. 

The  following  resolution  was  then  adopted : 

"  Resolv'-d,  That  Drs.  George  L.  Collins  and  Charles  W.  Parsons,  of  Providence  ; 
the  Hon.  Francis  Erinley,  of  Newport ;  Wm.  J.  Miller,  Fsq.,  of  Bristol,  and  John 
G.  Clarke,  Esq.,  of  South  Kingstown,  be  apjiointed  a  committee  to  devise  and  carry 
out  measures  for  the  observance  of  the  bi-eeiiteniiial  anniversary  of  '  Iving  Philip's 
"V\  ar,' reporting  to  the  society  early  the  ensuing  year  theresuit  of  their' delibera- 
tions." 

Chnrjps  F.  M^^rriam,  a':ljiitant  of  the  ilrst  rei,nment,  Pv.  I.  D.  M.,  presented  a 
metallic  eagle's  head,  a  part  of  the  handle  of  a  sword  said  to  have  belonged  to  Gen. 
"VVashi'igton,  which  was  presented  to  that  regiment,  in  1601,  iu  Washin<iton,  by  the 
Carroll  family.  =       >    J- 

Erastus  L.  Richardson  then  read  a  paper  entitled,  "  A  Providence  Plantation." 
It  was  a  well-written  and  interesting  historical  sketch  of  tiio  town  of  Woonsocket. 
of  which  Mr.  Richardson  is  a  citizen,  as  it  was  bounded  and  defined  in  the  deeds  uf 
the  first  settlers,  more  than  a  century  ago,  when  it  was  simply  one  of  the  "  Plan- 
tiitions." 

A  letter  from  Dr.  Henry  E.  Turner,  of  Newport,  stating  his  intention  of  present- 
ing at  the  next  session  of  the  general  assembly,  the  subject  of  c/lleeting  and  puttiii"- 
into  form  all  the  genealogical  data  in  the  state,  and  asking  cooperation.  ° 

New-Haven  Colony  Historical  Society. 

New-Haven,  CL,  Xov.  31,  1871.— The  annual  meeting  of  this  Societv  -^-as  held 
this  evening  at  its  room  in  the  City  Hall. 

Dr.  £.  H.  Leffingwell,  in  the  absence  of  the  curator,  reported  that  during  the 
year  there  had  been  received  41  volumes,  60  pamphleti:  and  0  objects  of  interest.^ 

Nathan  Peek,  the  treasurer,  rejjorted  that  the  society's  permanent  fund  amounted 
to  about  $1200,  invested  in  bonds,  and  there  was  also  a  balance  of  $198.78  in  cash 
en  hand. 

The  annual  election  then  took  place,  and  resulted  in  the  choice  of  the  following 
officers  :  ° 

President— The  Rev.  E.  E.  Ceardslcy,  D.D. 

Vice-President — Thomas  K.  Trowbridire. 

Treasurer — Nathan  Peck. 

DirerJors- 
Edv 

Frankli 

Bishop,  M.D.,  George  Petrie. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Bacon  oliered  the  following  resolutions  : 

Resoh-ed,  That  the  society  hereby  records  its  deep  s»>n<e  of  the  loss  which  it  haa 
experienced  in  the  death  of  Raijih  Dunning  Smith,  of  Guilford,  who  has  been  one  of 
its  most  efScient  and  valued  nieuibers,  and  for  the  last  nine  years  one  of  its  directors, 
and  whose  fidelity  in  all  relations,  domestic,  social  and  public,  was  honored  by  all 
who  knew  him. 

Resolved,  That  with  a  copy  of  the  foregoinc:  resolution,  there  be  communicated  to 
the  widow  of  ourdecenscda.^sociate,  and  to  his  survivinir  daugh.ter  and  her  husband, 
Dr.  Steiner,  our  eaniest;  rei^uest,  that  the  valuable  collectious  which  he  had  made 


1875.]  Societies  and  their  Proceedings.  123 

of  materials  pertainincr  to  the  history  of  bi=?  own  toTra,  of  tlie  New-Haven  colony, 
and  of  Yale  ColloLre,  he  carefully  preserved,  and  bn,  for  their  better  preservation 
and  greater  iistfuliie^s,  deposited  in  tiic  library  of  this  society. 

Ai'tcr  reiuark.-s  by  tlip  mover,  the  resulutii)ns  were  adopted  by  a  rising  vote. 

Dr.  Lptiin.;,'well  rciiiirided  thf  members,  that  the  scniety  were  eulkctiiig  the  pho- 
tographn  of  i)rominetit  citizens,  past  and  present,  and  solic-ited  eacli  member  to 
prtceut  his  own  picti're,  and  secure  those  of  old  and  distinguished  citizens. 

Historical  Society  of  Dklaware. 

Wihninqton,  Dec.  5,  1871. — The  annual  meetins  was  held  thi.s  evening.  Dr.  H. 
F.  AskeAv  in  the  chair. 

The  treasurer's  rei)ort  was  presented  and  referred  to  the  committee  on  fmance. 

The  annual  cleetinn  then  took  j)laee, and  the  following  otSeers  v,ere  elected,  namely  : 

Prfisid^-nt — llerirv  F.  Askew,  M.D. 

Vkc-Prrsid'tits—Vi.  P.  Porter,  M.D.,  New  Castle  county  ;  the  Hon.  Joseph  P. 
Comegys,  Kent  county  :  the  Hon.  Edward  ^yoottcn.  Sussex  county. 

Corrcxpunilinrj  S'.cretnnj — L.  P.  Bush,  M.D. 

Recording  STrctan/ — Joseph  R.  Walter,  A.B. 

Librarian — K.  P.  J.-jlmson,  M.D. 

Treasurer — (Jre^rg  Chandler. 

Directors— .5\\\x\(i<.C.  Douglass,  Red  Lion  ;  William  J.  ISIcCanlley,  J.  Henry  Ro- 
gers, New  Castle  ;  Elwood  Garrett,  the  Rev.  J.  Liua  McKim,  Gcijrgetuwn. 

ilis/orinfjraph'r — The  ILm.  L.  E.  AV'alcs. 

Tlie  Hon.  Wiilard  Hall  was  declared  President  Emeritus. 

The  cnniTnitro.i  on  the  liiityry  of  ncvvsjjapurs  reported  favorable  progress  in  tho 
preparation  of  said  history, and  that  the  Hon.  E.  G.  iiradfurd  had  promised  to  pre- 
set.r  t;>  tlio  soeiL-ry  f)ur  volumes  of  the  Delaware  Gazette,  while  under  the  editorial 
iuai.-.:;;ement  of  Moses  J'radford. 

The'eommittee  on  the  175th  anniversary  of  the  Old  Swede's  Church  were  continued 
to  complete  their  interesting  report  presented  at  the  last  meeting. 

The  committee  on  procuring  photographs  of  the  Old  Swede's  Church  and  the 
Couimunion  service  was  continued  with  instructions. 

Thes)ciety  then  adjourned  to  Thursday  evening,  Dec.  10th,  for  the  literary  por- 
lion  of  the  aimual  meeting. 

Wilmington,  Dec.  10.  The  adjourned  annual  meeting  was  held  this  evening  at 
the  society's  rooms  in  Masonic  Temple,  the  president.  Dr.  H.  F.  Askew,  in  the  chair. 

Prayer  was  oifered  by  the  Rt.  Rev.  Alfred  Lee,  D.D. 

The'president  announced  the  foUowins  Standing  Committees  for  the  ensuing  yeaj : 

On  Library— R.  P.  Johnson,  Elwood  Garrett  and  Samuel  Floyd. 

On  Publication— J o>f^ph  R.  Walter,  Fielder  Israel  and  George  A.  Latimer. 

On  Biography— Ij.  E.  Wales,  T.  Gardiner  Littell  and  R.  R.  Porter. 

<).i  Donations — L.  P.  Bush,  John  P.  N^ales  and  John  Wilson. 

'  >n  Finance — Gre2-g  Chandler,  A.  A.  Grimshaw  and  S.  A.  Maeallister. 

The  Rev.  F.  Israel  from  the  committee  on  the  175th  anniver.«ary  of  the  Old 
Swede's  Church,  read  the  report  of  said  committee,  giving  a  graphic  account  of  the 
services  on  that  interesting  occasion. 

Jo-eph  J.  Mickley,  Esq.,  being  introduced  to  the  sncictv,  read  a  carefully  pre- 
pared historical  paper  on  '•  William  Usselinx  and  Peter  jMinuit,"  the  former  the 
{(..under  of  tlie  American,  or  West  India  Company,  and  the  latter  the  founder  of  the 
lirst  Swedish  settlements  on  the  banks  of  the  Delaware.  In  his  address  he  detailed 
the  diliieuities  through  which  the  persistent  and  energetic  Usselinx  struggled  in 
forming  t!ie  eomi'.any  ;  his  endeavors  to  interest  .in  his  project  the  states  general 
and  the  g-ivem.ments  of  France  and  Germany,  and  his  final  success  under  the  wise 
and  able\iastaf  Adolf.  Peter  Minuit,  taking  up  the  umlertakini;  of  Usselinx,  un- 
der the  prutective  gnvemiuent  wiiich  regulated  the  ail'airs  of  Sweden  during  the 
minority  of  Qaeen\'hri.-tina  and  with  the  subsequent  aid  of  the  gracious  queen 
herselfj'succeeded  in  establishing  the  settlements  on  the  Delaware.  Mr.  Mickley, 
in  the  progress  of  his  history,  quoted  many  rare  and  to  most  American  readers 
unknown  dueumenLs.  His  address  throughout  bore  marks  of  deep_  researcti  and 
comprelieusive  knowledge,  and  certainly  developed  many  new  points  in  the  history 
of  Usselinx  and  Minuit. 

Dr.  Bush  from  the  standing  committee  announced  the  donations,  among  which  was 
one  from  Mrs.  SLimuel  Canby,  e,jnsi.-.tinLr  of  twenty-one  continentaljiotes  of  Delaware 
of  ditftrent  .lenominatiDn-,  of  which  1^  were  issued  January  1,  lJ76,acci)rding  to  aa 
act  of  the  general  assembly  of  the  "  Counties  of  New  Castle,  Kent  and  Scsisei  on 


124  Booh-Notices.  [Jan. 

the  Dclavrarc,"  in  the  15th  year  of  the  rcii^n  of  his  majesty  George  III.,  sJOTed  by 
■  Jno.  M.  Kinlt-y,  James  Sykefl,  and  I).  .Manhvc.  The  other  three  notes  were  issuf.-il 
according;  to  an  act  t;f  the  .general  a,-<^crnl)ly  of  tlie  State  of  Delaware  uiade  in  the 
year  177(3,  and  bearing  date  May  1.  1777,  and  siirncd  ''  R.  Loekwowl.J' 

Also  from  tb.e  Kinie,  six  notes  uf  tiie  state  of  iSew-Jcrsey  of  dates  1763  and  1770  ; 
seven  notws  of  the  State  of  MassachuseltiJ  Jiay,  17dO  ;  ten  notes  of  the  Stiue  of 
Maryland,  1767,  1770.  and  1774. 

On  mxtiuu  of  the  K-V.  Mr.  l^rael,  the  cominiitee  on  biograph.y  was  requested  to 

frepare  for  the  next  uieetiuir.  resolutions  upun  the  death  and  a  memorial  of  the  late 
Ion.  John  }ihiredeth  Read.^LL.D.,  an  honorary  nieuiher,  and  the  chairman  of  the 
delegation  of  the  Historical  Society  at  t!ic  inaugural  meeting  of  this  Kociety. 

Dr.  JJush  made  remarks  upon  the  t^ite  of  Fort  Christina,  and  suggested  the  pro- 
priety of  eroctini^  a  monument  to  mark  the  locality. 

\Vm.  S.  McCaullcy,  Ksij.,  made  some  interesting  stat(>nients  concerning  a  society 
for  historical  purpoiJL's  which  formerly  existeil  in  tliia  city,  and  to  which  a  large 
number  of  Ix^^oks  had  bt-cn  donated  ■which  properly  reverted  to  this  society.  Accord- 
ingly, Mr.  McCauHey,  Oul.  Grimshaw  and  Dr.  Bush  were  appointed  a  couimitcee  to 
endeavor  to  procure  said  books. 


BOOK-NOTICES. 

CaUdojue  of  the  past  and  present  Jircmhers,  Resident  and  Corresponding,  of 
the  Maine  Historical  Sociefi/.  Brunswick  :  Joseph  GrifSn.  1874.  [8vo. 
pp.  25.] 

Thia  is  in  many  respects  a  model  catalogue,  deserving  of  imitation  by  kin 
dred  societies.  ^V'e  coild  wish  there  was  as  complete  a  one  of  the  members  of  our 
New-England  Historic,  Genealogical  Society.  First,  tlicre  is  an  alphalietical  list  of 
the  original  members,  1()  in  number.  Secund,  a  li>t  of  associate  resident  members 
in  the  order  of  their  elect'on,  305  in  all.  Third,  an  alphabetical  list  of  corres))ond- 
ins:  members,  74  in  numher,  with  their  residence  when  elected,  and  the  year  of  their 
death,  if  they  have  deceased.  Fourth,  a  list  of  the  resident  members,  arranged  al- 
phabetically, with  the  dates  of  their  election  appended.  To  add  to  the  completeness 
of  this  list  for  reference,  the  names  of  the  corresponding  members  should  nave  been 
included  in  Italics. 

To  the  names  of  the  original,  and  associate  resident  members  in  their  order  of 
election,  there  is  annexed  : — First,  their  residence  when  elected.  Second,  their  pro- 
fession or  occupation.  Tliird,  their  birthplace.  Fourth,  date  of  birth.  Filth,  date 
of  death  if  deceased.  Sixth,  age  at  death.  The  deceased  members  are  also  (*),  and 
a  f  indicates  their  removal  from  the  state. 

Maine  was  separated  from  Massachusetts,  June,  ISGO,  after  a  union  of  142  years, 
and  in  April,  lS:Jv,  t!le.^'ai^e  IJi:<torieal  Society  was  oriranized,  and  the  governor  of 
the  new  state,  the  Hon.  Albron  K.  Parris,  was  elected  its  first  president.  The  value 
of  this  catalogue,  embracing  as  it  does  most  of  the  prominent  men  of  the  state  since 
its  organization,  together  with  the  dates  of  their  birth  and  death,  &c.,  is  apparent  in 
a  genealogical  point  of  view. 

The  catalogue  would  have  been  more  complete  had  the  first  and  middle  names  of 
the  members  been  given  in  full  as  far  as  attainable,  as  has  become  the  custom  in 
college  catalogues,  for  instance,  one  would  be  glad  to  know  that  "  H.  W.  Longfel- 
low prof.  B.  U.,"  whose  residence  was  "  Brunswick  "  at  the  date  of  his  election, 
1831,  is  the  Henry  "Wadswortli  Ijontclellow,  of  later  lame  as  a  poet,  and  long  resident 
in  Cambridge,  Mass.  It  is  also  to  lie  regretted  that  tlie  same  information  as  to  dates, 
&c.,  is  not  annexed  to  the  names  of  the  corresponding  members.  This,  however,  ia  the 
first  published  catalogue ;  the  editors  ask  ''  any  one  who  can  supply  omitted  dates  or 
correct  errors,"  to  furnish  the  rc'iuieite  information,  so  that  that  matter  will  proba- 
bly be  attended  to  in  future  i.^sues, 

"Hon  Ether  Shcpiey,  born  in  Groton,  Mass.,  Nov.  2,  1780,  and  now  a  resident  of 
Portland,  Me.,  is  theuuly  urigiuu.1  member  living  ;  and  Alpheus  S.  Packard,  born  in 


3875.]  Bool- JSTot  ices.  125 

Chelmsford,  Mn?3.,  Dec.  23,  1793,  elected  a  member  in  1828,  and  oneof  the  conipilcrs 
of  thia  e.italou'iio,  is  the  next  ul(lt>t  livini,'  i)U'iul)er. 

T!ie  society  is  certainly  under  oldi-ation  to  Messrs.  Wm.  G.  Barrows  and  A.  S. 
Packard,  for  the  careful  manner  with  whicli  they  have  executL'd  tiic  trupt  confided 
to  them  k  prcpuiiu--  thio  cat.ilugue.  0.  u.  r. 

A  Report  of  the  Proceedings  at  the  Celebration  of  the  Firat  Centennial  Anni- 
versary of  the  Incorporation  of  the  Tonm  of  Buxton,  Maine,  held  at  Bux- 
ton Awj.  14,  1872;  being  a  fdl  Account  of  the  Brercises  of  the  Bay 

IliStarical  Address,  Oration,  Poem,  Toasts,  and  Betters  received  relating 
thereto.  With  an  Appendix,  containing  Genealogical  Sketches  of  the  Pio- 
neers of  the  Toicn  and  a  List  of  the  Kiculntionary  Soldiers  from  Buxton, 
as  fir  as  can  be  ascertained.  By  J.  ]M.  ]MaK6IialY.  Portland  :  Dre-^ser! 
McLellan  &  Co.     1874.     [8vo'.  pp.  288.] 

The  Woodmans  of  Buxton,  Maine.  By  Cyuus  Woodmax.  Boston: 
Printed  for  private  use,  by  David  Clapp  &  Son.     1874.     8vo.  pp.  12,>. 

Before  July  11.  1772,  when  the  act  was  pa8i>ed  incorporatin:'  Buxton  a<»  a  town 
the  plantation  was  known  as  Narrapinset  N(,.  1.  The  records  of"  the  i)roi)ri<'tr,rs  ,i 
this  t  nvrisiijp,  ^yltha  documentary  intr.M.Iuction  and  notes  bv  the  late  Cai)t.  ^\'illiam 
±.  Ooodwin,  L..b.A..werc  publislied  in  lb7I.  '|'his  volume  was  noticed  in  the 
Ke-ister  for  April,  187-2  (xxvi.  215),  where  the  reader  will  iind  some  interestiu- 
laofs  rclntivc  to  t;i'--  ph'.c-?.  ^ 

The  titie-paee  of  the  present  volume  is  a  good  table  of  contents  for  it.  The  hi.s- 
tonoal  address  i.s  by  ttie  Hon.  Cyrus  \Voodman.  of  CamJ^-id-e,  Ma-.s.,  a  native  of 
i^uston,  who  has  done  much  with  his  pen  and  purse  to  rescue  the  aunalsof  hi"  native 
place  from  o.bl.vion.  The  address  tills  nearly  a  hundred  pn-es,  and  is  replete  witli 
information  wjiich  will  interest  natives  of  tlie  place  and  those  who  wish  to  -et  an 
iiiside  view  <>{  hie  for  a  hundred  years  and  more,  in  an  interior  Xew-Eiurjamftown 
Ihe  poem  is  by  Charles  G.  Came,  of  Boston,  and  contains  some  humorous  touches 
on  the  oy-aone  days  and  men  ol  Buxton.  Alter  the  tuascs,  speeches  and  letters  is 
an  appendix  ot  138  pa,2es,  containin£r  -enealoii-ies  of  the  families  of  Kimball  \\'o'.d- 
man  LldcnKedlon,  Brooks,  Merrill,  Duuneii,  Hancock,  Dunn,  Bovnton,  D-ir.-il, 
f.  n- '"<  ""F^'r  ^  '^^^'^Aioo>,xts,AtUn^on,  Leavitt,  Hill,  Lane,  Xason.  Hoi^kinson 
Lobn  bands,  Emery,  Dennett,  W  eutworth,  Bradbury  and  liobson,  with  other  mat- 
ters o.  historic  interest. 

The  Woodmans  of  Buxton  is  a  genealosieal  account  of  Joseph,  Joshua  and  Xa- 
than  \\  oodman,  three  brothers  who  settled  in  Xarra-anset  Nof  1,  irivin-  tbdr  an- 
cestrvand  descendants.  The  brothers  were  besoyes^( great  grand." ns)  of  Edward 
AVoodman  who  settled  in  Newbury,  Mass.,  in  1635.  Of  theearlv  generations  of  the 
Ucscenuams  ot  Edward,  a  genealogy  was  prepared  in  1855  fur  the^ compiler  of  tiiis 
wo.k  r,^  the  late  Joshua  Cohin.  and  was  printed  at  the  expense  of  the  luvmcr  (t-ee 
J.LG.sTE.-i,  IX.  J/0),  xnc  work  befjre  us  is  excellently  arranced,  is  full  and  precise 
in  its  deuiil.-^  and  is  handsomely  printed.     It  has  a  full  index'and  blank  leaves  for  a 


J.   W.    D. 


The  Loit  Family,  or  the  Descendants  of  John  Coif,  who  appears  among  the 
Settlers  of  Salem,  Mass.,  in  1G38,  ot  Gloucester  in  1C44.  and  at  A'cw-Bon- 
^n  ui  1<..jO.  Compiled  at  the  request  of  Samuel  Coit,  of  Hartford,  Conn. 
Bj  ;he  Rrv.  F.  TV.  Citap.max,  A.  M.,  Author  of  the  Chapman  Family, 
&c.  6.C.  ilartford.  Press  of  the  Case,  Lockwood  &  Braicard  Co. 
1874.    [8vo.   pp.  341.] 

The  Bev  Mr.  Chapman's  genealogies  are  always  models  of  thnrouiihness  and  ac- 
curacy. 1  his  IS  the  nfth  extended  work  that  has  issued  from  his  pen  since  1354. 
-when  he  pulMislied  his  Chapman  Family. 

The  author  inform--;  us  that  "  more  than  ten  vears  since  the  Rev.  Robert  C.  Learn- 
ed, whose  motuerwas  a  Coit,  commenced  making  collections  of  tamiiy  records,  with 
a  view  to  publishing  a  history  and  pe.ligree  of  the  Coit  family  at  s^mie  future  day 
Having  made  extensive  collections,  ho  died  in  1867,  leaving  the  Avork  uncompleted. 
The  Avork  was  suspended  for  about  three  years,  when  Mr.  bamuel  Coit  empUed  the 
compiler  to  prepare  a  full  history  and  gcne-alogv  of  the  family." 

yoL.  xsix.  11* 


126  Book-Notices.  [Jan. 

Mr.  Chapman  hns  nscd  every  means  in  hi^^  power  to  verify  and  extend  Mr. 
lipnrne'rs  oi)lli;.;tii.n.s,  liy  letters  and  circiilnrs,  and  liy  personal  vinits  to  rpcurd  otiices, 
libraries  and  burial  ltoiukIs,  and  ha-i  prodiu-ed  a  work  that  must  ^ive  Batis(';K-tion  to 
the  most  caption'^.  The  wt)rk  is  printed  in  a  superior  manner,  and  illustrated  by 
a  number  oi  stLcl  po.tnu;.>.  Exceih-ui.  indexes  arc  lound  in  the  present  as  i a  the 
author's  previous  works.  j,  -vr,  d. 

A  Genrnhgt;^  of  the  Leavenworth  Fdinih;  in  the  United  States,  with  Historical 
Introduction,  Sfc.  By  Eli.vs  WAUxicii  Lkavkxworth,  LL.D.,  of  Syra- 
cuse, N.  Y.  Syracuse,  N.  Y. :  S.  U.  Hitchcock  &  Co.  1873.  [8  vo.  pp. 
37G.] 

This  family  is  de?cended  from  Thomas  lA'avenworth,  wlio  came  to  this  country  in 
the  seventeenth  century  and  settled  in  "Woodbury,  Ct.,  where  he  died  An^'ust  3, 
1683,  leavini?  a  widow  (.iraco  who  survived  him  many  j-ears,  and  at  lea-^t  two  clul- 
dren._  The  family  tradition  in  that  he  landed  in  New-Haven  and  settled  soon  after 
in  Woodbury,  fie  had  a  brother  John,  who  also  came  to  this  country  and 
was  one  of  the  early  propriet'irs  of  \Vo.idbury.  In  16iU,  he  purchased  an  estate  in 
Boston  described  by  Mr.  Amory  in  the  Ki;.iisiKii  (xxv.  3SJ),  in  his  article.  "  A  Home 
of  the  Olden  Time."  There  is  evidence  that  Joim  Leavenworth  was  in  Boston  or  its 
vicinity,  either  permanently  or  temporarily,  ten  years  earlier,  tliat  is  in  1CS4.  He 
was  afterward  a  resident  of  Woodbury  ;  but  he  finally  removed  to  Stratford,  Ct., 
■where  he  died  about  the  year  1T,U2.  It  seems  that  he  left  no  descendants  and  proba- 
bly he  was  never  married. 

Thp  vr.'-s.':  :-  ;o  \ci-y  UiicoiuUiuu  ia  Eugiaud  that  the  author  has  not  been  able  to 
find  itin^any  English  directory,  or  hear  of  a  sinirle  person  of  the  name  now 
livinu;  in  Eni'.-land.  It  ajtpears  however  that  tlie  name  formerly  existed  in  London, 
for  in  16G1  Tl'.om's  and  Edward  Leaven wortli  were  assci^sed  a  hearth  tax  irt  the 
parish  of  St.  Clare,  Southwark,  while,  in  17:29,  Peter  Leavenworth  took  out  a  mar- 
riage license  in  London,  and  Sir  Lewis  Leavenworth  was  living  there  about  1750.  It; 
is  not  impossible  that  Thomas  of  Southwark  may  have  been  the  .settler  in  "Woodbury. 

It  is  more  than  tifty  years  since  the  author  and  his  brother  beaan  to  collect  gene- 
alogical materials,  which,  in  18 lU,  were  embodied  in  a  genealogical  tree  and  Titho- 
graphcd.     Only  about  fifty  impressions  were  taken. 

The  present  work  contains  the  names  of  nearly  one  thousand  persons  by  the  name 
of  Leavenworth,  besides  many  descendants  of  Thomas  Leavenworth  bearing  other 
names.  The  materials  sei  m  to  have  been  collected  with  great  care,  and  the>-^are  ju- 
diciously arranged.  Quite  full  biographical  sketches  of  the  more  distinguished 
members  of  the  family  are  given  ;  aud  fine  steel  portraits  of  eighteen  of  them,  be- 
sides other  illustrations,  embellish  the  work. 

_  The  author,  who  has  held  many  prominent  offices  and  otherwise  led  a  very  busy 
life,  deserves  great  credit  for  the  preparation  of  so  worthy  a  family  memorialin  the 
midst  of  engrossing  duties.  j,  -yy _  jj_ 

The  American  Historical  Record  and  Brprrtory  of  Xotes  and  Queries  con- 
cerning the  History  and  Antiquities  of  America  and  Biography  of  Ameri- 
cans. Ediced  by  Bexsox  J.  Lossing,  LL.D.  Vol.  IIL  Philadelphia: 
John  E.  Potter  and  Comjuny,  No.  G17  Sausom  Street.  1874.  [Sm.  4to. 
pp.  574.] 

This  illustrated  monthly  magazine,  devoted  to  historical  and  kindred  s\ibiects,  was 
commenced  in  January,  lrt7-,  and  has  been  freqiK'ntly  noticid  with  approval  in  the 
pages  of  the  Register.  The  familiarity  with  American  history  and  bioLTaphy  which 
the  tetter  portion  of  a  lifetime  spent  in  writing  upon  those  subjects  anci  illustrating 
them  with  his  pencil,  ha<l  given  to  Mr.  Lossing,  had  thoroughly  prepared  him  fo^r 
the  new  duties  he  then  assuim'd  as  editor  of  this  work  ;  while  his  acquaintance  with 
historical  and  biographical  writers  and  students  in  all  parts  of  the  countrv,  and  hi.s 
known  fc:irness  of  character,  won  to  his  pages  somcuf  the  ablest  pens  in  the  specialty 
to  which  the  Record  was  devoted. 

The  publishers  announce  that,  with  the  new  year,  the  periodical  is  to  be  enlarged 
in  its  .scope  and  size,  and  the  title  is  to  be  changcil  to  "  Pntlrr's  Amcriran  MontlTlij  : 
an  lUustratid  Mn^iazin.': of  lUslory,  Literature,  Sritncc  and  Art.'"  "  Wc  propuseV' 
Bay  they,  "  to  make  i'ottei-'s  Amerh-m  .Monthly  what  thf  Record  has  been,  emphati- 
cally an  American  juurnul,  devoting  a  large  proportion  of  its  space  to  Americaa 


1875.]  Book-jYotlces.  127 

History,  Bio^rnphv,  Antiquities  and  kindred  mibjccts."  Befides  its  historical  and 
l)iu^ra|)liii,-yl  ih-partUKint:^,  there  will  be  clt[)artmcnt,s  of  pcierice,  art  and  JittraturC; 
t!i'.'  Ja-^t  incliiirm;;lii-tioii  and  poetry.  Tlio  de]iartTiicnt  of  Notes  and  (^ucric.-i  Avill  be 
continued,  and  will  cover  the  wJiole  field  of  tuples  embraced  in  the  eiilarfjed  6Coi)o  of 
tlie  2un^:;;i7.ine. 

The  incr:aM"d  lahir  which  the  cliange  in  the  ma^razinc  imporcs  upon  its  editor, 
Jii-events  .Mr.  l.ossin^  I'n;'!!  continuiii;^  longer  in  the  pof-ition  nliirli  he  has  so  sueeess- 
I'ully  tilled  fur  three  years  ;  but  lie  hua  Um.ii  en'j;a2ed  to  contribute  roi;iilarly  and  lil)- 
erally  to  its  pa^es.  In  the  January  nuniher  -will  appear  the  jirht  of  a  .series  of  illus- 
trated articles  from  his  pen,  on  "The  lli'-torie  Buildiinr^  o/  America." 

The  price  uf  the  work  will  be  the  same  as  bel'ore  the  eliun^-o,  namely,  four-dollars 
a  year.  We  hupo  tiic  publishers  will  be  liberally  sustained  in  their  eilbrts  to  diiluse 
instruction.  j.  w.  d. 

A  History  of  3/ndiso»,  the  Capital  of  Wisconsin  ;  tnchidinr/  the  Four  Laic 
Co2intry,  to  JaJij.  1874.  With  an  Appendix  of  Notes  on  JJane  Countij  and. 
its  I'owns.  By  Daniel  S.  DuiiUiE.  Madison,  AYio  :  167-1.  [8vo.  pp. 
420.] 

This  is  a  bo()k  every  way  worthy  of  the  <rrowini]j  •v\Tstern  city  whose  history  it  re- 
cords. Thoui^h  there  have  been  several  pamphlet  histories  issued,  this  is  the  first 
attempt  to  give  an  e>".hau.stive  account  of  the  rise  and  proirress  of  the  capital  e:ty  of 
AViscoissin.  which  nuudiers  with  pride  among  its  institutions,  the  istate  JJistorical 
SocietN"  and  the  University  of  Wisconsin. 

Mr.  Dnrrio  i:ns  iind  -,in  ndvar.tnge  over  onr  Atlantic  cities,  for  he  has  "  interview- 
ed "  some  of  tlie  \lx<t  settlers  of  the  place  whose  history  lie  has  written,  and  has  cun- 
eulted  llles  of  newsp;>.]K'rs  printed  there  running  back  to  within  nineteen  months  of 
the  fir>t,  settlement  of  tlio  place. 

The  first  hou.^e  in  the  present  limits  of  the  city  of  ^ladison  was  completed  and 
the  first  family  occupied  it  in  the  spring  of  1S37,  about  a  year  after  the  act  of  Con- 
gress was  passed  organizing  the  territory  of  Wisconsin.  This  territory  then  included 
tlie  present  states  of  Wisconsin,  Iowa  and  Minnesota,  and  a  part  of  the  present  terri- 
tory of  Dakn'a.  The  plrice  had  been  laid  oat  as  a  town  in  1836,  and  on  the  03']  of 
November  of  that  j'ear  an  act  had  been  passed  by  the  territorial  legie-lature,  making 
it  the  future  seat  of  government  of  Wisconsin.  The  first  session  of  the  legislature 
was  held  there  in  the  fall  of  1838.  Madison  received  a  city  cliartcr  March  4,  1^50. 
In  1S50.  according  to  the  census  returns,  it  hnd  15-25  inhabitants,  in  1860  it  had  6611, 
and  in  Ic^TO.  (il76.  Dane  county,  of  which  Madison  is  the  capital,  had  314  inhabit- 
ants in  1840,  and  53,096  in  laTO.  j.  w.  D. 

List  of  Persons  admitted  to  the  Order  of  Deacons  in  the  Protestant  Episco- 
'pal  Church,  in  the  United  States  of  America,  from  A.  D.  1785  to  A.  I). 
18  37.  ijofh  inclusive.  Prepared  by  the  late  Right  Rev.  Gkotjge  Bukgess, 
D.  D.,  Bishop  of  JMaite.  Bostou  :  A.  Williams  &  Co.  1874.  [12mo.  pp. 
48.] 

Lndex  to  Bishop  Pi'rrjess's  List  of  Persons  ordained  Deacons  in  the  Protest- 
ant Episcopal  Church.  Bostou:  A.  "Williams  &  Co.  1874.  [12mo. 
pp.  xvi.] 

This  is  a  monument  of  patient  industry,  and  the  preparation  of  it  must  have 
involved  a  large  amount  of  correspondence  and  expense.  Although  it  is  of  especial 
interest  to  the  meml»ers  of  that  Church  of  whose  ministers  it  treats,  it  is  by  no 
means  without  its  value  to  those  who  are  engaged  in  historical  and  genealogical  re- 
searches. Wo  have  no  doubt  that  the  book  will  cnai)le  some  persons  to  close  up 
gaps  in  family  hi-itorics  which  otherwise  would  remain  ojicn. 

The  Index  of  Names,  a«  it  renders  references  very  easy,  is  of  great  value.  Having 
had  some  experionco  in  c^  mpiling  such  indexes  we  know  tlie  great  amount  of  labor 
and  extreme  care  absolutely  necessary  to  such  a  work,  especially  where,  as  in  this 
case,  the  number  of  names  Is  over  twenty-seven  hundred. 

The  cJit'ir  of  this  volume,  who  is  also  the  compiler  of  the  Index,  does  not  give  his 
name  ;  but  we  will  venture  to  state  that  it  is  to  the  Rev.  ^V'il!iam  8.  Tiartlet,  who 
has  long  been  a  member  of  this  society,  that  we  are  indebted  for  the  publication  of 
this  book.  J.  w.  d. 


128 


Deaths. 


[Jan. 


DEATHS. 


DEATHS. 


Bates,  Mrs.  Martha  Hen^hnw,  in  Xorth- 
.impton,  MasH.,  XDVi-^.ihci-  9,  l^iTl. 
She -wiis  the  ilanghter  of  S:umi.->1  \\\\\ 
Martha  (Hunt)  "  ilfiishaw,  ai!.]  \\\\a 
born  in  Poston,  June  i),  lT>^:i.  Married 
September  21,  1607,  to  Hun.  l>aao 
Chapman  Bates,  late  scnatur  nf  the 
United  Stntcjijioru  in  (IranviUc.Ma-^H., 
JaTiP.arvJ.3,  17*'J,ilioil  in  »Va.s!iin;rt'jn, 
B.C.,  "March  JO,  l"il5.  !<ho  wa^  t!io 
litth  in  descent  frouj  Jo^hia^  Ilcns/inw, 
of  Dorchester,  born  in  Liverp-.jol,  Kdl'- 
land,  about  1043,  uicd  171!),  raarnoj 
iu  1070  to  Elizabeth  Sumner,  of  Dor- 
chej^ter,  bapti/.ed  June  ■Jl ,  10.>-\  diid 
17-28  ;  through  IS'Jinuct'  Ij\ris/if7]f,  h.  in 
Dorchester,  Aju-il  1,  ICSJ,  Jie.l  Oet.jlH  r 
18,  1761,  married  to  Waititill  TM[)l;iV, 
of  Dorch.e^fer,  b'^rn  Novemhei  0,  10^51, 
died  May  17,  173*/  ;  SarnucF  IJc-Ls/i/nr, 
born  in  Miicon.  SepteiaV-rr  i,  17.;!, 
died  May  -Jl,  1778.  married  Xnveinher. 
1742.  to  Submit  Woodard,  of  ^iiiton, 
died  .March  14,  1792  :  and  S,-/nurl'^  Iha- 
shmc,  her  father,  t.f  Milt'.>n.  1'.  (.-toii  smd 
Nortfiampton,  l>.,vn  in  Milti^n,  F--'h- 
ruurj  3,  1744,  died  in  XnrtiiampDjn, 
;March  11,  ISO'J,  married  AuiiunC  7, 
1782,  to  Martha  Huiit,  of  XoiTliamp- 
ton,  born  June  28,  1755,  died  Mav  27, 
1842. 

Carr,  Hon.  Jesse,  in  Goffstown,  X.  II., 
Xovember  17,  1874,  at'ed  01.  He  was 
formerly  much  in  politieal  life,  and 
held  the  olHcej  of  stiito  .-senator  and 
representative,  and  was  ?ii:>?''i;uencjy 
tor  many  jears  an  aesi,>eiate  JM.-^r.ifi:  uf 
the  court  of  ccmuion  p!e:i,s  fur  llii^^^- 
borough  Counly.  -Jadire  Carr  wa--  fi:r 
a  long  period  a  well  kiii'wn  ami  !;>-ii:iii. 
cent  citizen  and  an  inlliuniial  luvuibt-r 
of  the  Democratic  party  of  tiiut  (st;it>^, 
and  in  its  counsel?  e.-^erteJ  a  wide  iu- 
llueuce.  ". 

Herrick,  H'sn.  .Joshua,  at  hh  rc-Meneo 
m  AilVed,  Maine,  Augu-t  :>i>.  1^74. 
aged  81.  He  -wan  the  y  ll■.'lgt■^t  r.>;i  of 
Joshua  and  Mary  (Jones)  Herri.-k.  and 
was  born  in  Beverly.  E.-.-ex  C'Minty, 
Mass.,  March  IS.  I7D3.  in  the  y.-'^.r 
1811  he  went  to  Maine  and  f<'r  .-ewial 
years  was  engaged  iu  lumlieriiig  l>u>i- 
lU'S-i  on  th.e  npj'er  Ar.dr  'see'irgin.  \:\^ 
1814  he  v.-as  in  clio  jidlit.iry  M-rvic;'  of 
the  Uuited  States  uiiu  :.-tat:uned  on  tao 


lower  Kenneltcc,  ai:d  subsequently  was 
Beveral  years  in  Brunswick  connected 
with  the  lirst  cutt'in  factory  erected  in 
Maine.      In    1810   he  was    appointed 
dcput\'  fiheritr  ot  Ctimbcrland  County, 
v.hii.h  position  he  heiil  fur  many  year^. 
Jlarly  in  the  year  1620,  hi*  removed  to 
Kennebunki)ort,  York  County,  and  in 
the  .s{)ring  of  that  year,  on  the  coming 
in  of    Jackson's   administration,  was 
apjiointed  deputy  collector  and  inspec- 
t  ir  of  customs  for  the  district  of  kon- 
nelnink,   which   otlice    lie   held    until 
1811.      In  January,  1842,  he  was  ap- 
))uinted  hy  Gov.  Fairfield  chairman  of 
Ij-iard  of  commissionei-8  of  lork  coun- 
ty, which   po?iti'jn  he  lield  until  Xo- 
vember,  1843.     In  the  fall  of  the  iattsr 
year  he  was  elected   member  of  the 
2.sth  CuDgress  from  the  Y(jrk  and  Ox- 
ford diiJtrict,  serving  on  the  comraitfets 
on  i-.av.il  affairs  aud  accounts.    In  lol7 
wa.-i  again  appointed  deputy  CollecOji* 
•"vA  inspector  of  customs,  serving  until 
March,  1840.     In  December  of  the  lat- 
ter year,  was  appointed  by  Gov.  D.ma 
register  of  probate  of  York  County, 
\Nti.:h   position   he    held    until    1855, 
and  in  January,  1850,  was  again  ap- 
poiiited  by  Gov.  \\'ells  register  of  pro- 
fiate  of  the  latter  county.      He  was 
j'lng  widely   knuwn    throughout    the 
?tate  as  one  of  its  most  promi.ient  and 
public  spivitfd  citi/enn,and  as  an  active 
and  intliicntial  meuibtr  of  the  Demo- 
on-.ti.)    party.       Col.    Herrick  was -a 
v.artn  ])e"S')iiaI  friend  of  the  late  Prof. 
S.  I'.  B.  3[orsc,v,hom  he  greatly  aided 
in  e>tab!ish:ng  the  first  line  of  tele- 
graph in  tl'ii  country  between  Wash- 
in:,iton  and  Baltimore,  in  1844,  and  be- 
tween whi.ai  tliere  existed  a  most  ia- 
lirnate  friendship  to  the  clo^e  of  the 
life  of  tiic  latter,  in  February,  1672. 
He  waa  married  .Mav  10,  1830, 'to  Miss 
I/annah  F.  Rr)ger3, 'daughter  of  Dea. 
(ifurire  \\  .  li.igers,  of  Alfred,  who  sur- 
vr.\-v  him.    He  left  seven  chddren — five 
marri:;d  daughters  and  two  sons.     n. 

p!:rs''OTT,  Elisha  (Xo.  340  of  the  Proscott 
.Nbnn.  .rial,  p.  205) ,  in  Raymond,  X.  H., 
Xovem''er  20.  1874.  a^ed  97.  He  was 
b.;rn  Septeniber  0,  1777,  and  was  the 
tiitli  generation  in  descent  from  Jainrs^  • 
FnsLc:/.,  the  i'umigrant.  of  llamntoii, 
X.  H.,  through  Joi/,;cs,-  E!isha^~  and 
UjiKcztr,*      "  w.  p. 


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THE 


XEW-EXGLAXD        ^ 

lilSTORlCAL  AND  GENEALOGICAL 

IX  Tj  vJ  1  O  X  .LJ  xt  e 

N^  CXIV. 

Y  0  I. .    X  X  I  X  .  —  A  P  R  I  L  ,    18  7  5. 

/N  MEMORIAM  MAJORUM. 


PUBLISHED  rNDEK  THE  DIPtECTION  OF  THE 
NEW-ENGLAND  HISTORIC,  GENEALOGICAL  SOCIETY. 


BOSTON: 

THE  SOCIETY'S  HOUSE,  IS  SOMERSET  STREET. 

David  Clap?  &  Sux,  Pki:.ti:k3. 

334   Vf'ASHINGTOTT    St. 

TERM3  S3  A  YEAR,  IN^  ADVATTCE. 


'-tS^        ;  '.-IF'*- 


IS,^/ 


1 


THE 

niSTORTCAL  AXD  GKXEALOGICAL 
REGISTER. 


APRIL,  1875. 


M.    GUIZOT. 

By  the  Ror.  Dorcs  Clakke,  D.D.,  of  Boston. 

X<"^rcANCOIS  PIERRE  GOLLAU:\IE  GITTZOT  was  l.oru  nt 
JL  ^isnics,  France,  Oct.  4,  1767,  and  died  at  Val  Richer,  in 
Xoniiandy,  Sept.  13,  1874,  so  that  had  he  li-^ed  nearly  one  month 
longer  he  vrould  have  been  ei:::hty-seven  years  of  aixe.  He  was  an 
honorary  member  of  th\rf  society,  and  his  departure  is  a  great  loss 
to  the  repubhe  of  letters.  His  father  was  a  lawyer  in  the  south  of 
France,  and  ascended  the  scaffold  in  the  Reii^n  of  Terror,  three  days 
after  the  victory  oi"  Robespierre  over  Danton.  Cniizot  was  then 
seven  years  old.  Fie  was  born  to  be  the  representative  and  the  ex- 
ponent of  constitiitionai  monarchy, — a,  sort  of  half-way  station  be- 
tween absolntism  and  democracy.  His  father  was  a  Protestant,  and 
as  in  very  early  life  he  was  sent  to  Geneva  to  be  educated,  the  Pro- 
testant convictions,  which  liad  been  instilled  into  him  in  liis  cradle, 
weie  strongly  intensified  by  breathing  the  free  air  of  the  city  of 
Calvin.  He  was  far  enough,  however,  from  being  a  Democrat  in 
the  agrarian,  levelling  sense  of  that  term,  for  he  was  not  at  all  dis- 
posed to  abandon  human  aiTairs  to  the  control  of  the  turbulent,  un- 
reasoning passions  of  the  multitude.  In  England  he  would  have 
been  a  Tory,  in  the  United  States  neither  a  Republican  nor  a  Demo- 
crat, for  he  had  a  large  monarchical  element  in  his  political  constitu- 
tion. Reared  as  he  was,  he  would  not  fit  exactly  into  anv  of  the 
moulds  of  American  statesmanship.  After  the  fall  of  Kino-  Louis 
Philippe,  of  whose  cabinet  Guizot  was  the  head,  he  wrote  to  a 
friend,  "  I  may  not  live  to  see  it,  but  I  cherish  the  conviction  that 
constitutional  mon;irchy  (tlie  cause  to  which  my  political  life  has 
been  devoted)  will  be  permanently  reestablished  in  France."  He  did 
not  live  to  see  it,  but  he  lived  to  see  France,  by  the  overthrow  of 
Thiers,  miss  the  opportunity  to  do  it,  and  perhaps  for  some  time  to 
come.  His  instincts  were  somewhat  liberal,  and  yet  they  wert.' 
eminently  conservative.     Liberty  he  would  advocate,  but  it  must  be 

VOL.  XXIX.  12 


130  Guizot.  [April, 

a  liberty  controllod  by  law,  and  that  law  iniulit  be  tlie  will  of  one  man. 
He  was  born  tu  lead,  rather  than  to  follow  ;  born  to  power,  not  to 
obsc({uiousne«!S.  Tall,  firndy  built,  erect,  witli  calm  searching  eyed 
and  well-chii^elled  fe;itnvei',  proud  and  inipcrlousi,  \iU  pergonal  apjtcar- 
ance,  whicli  sfrougl}'"  resembled  the  duke  of  Wellington's,  showed  at 
once  thai  he  was  born  to  contnd,  if  not  to  donduatc. 

But  to  resume  his  earlier  history.  His  literary  attainments,  -wliile 
at  school  in  Geneva,  were  remarkable.  At  the  age  of  twelve  he 
had  not  only  mastere<l  the  ancient  languages,  but  was  thorougldy 
acquainted  with  the  German,  the  English,  and  the  Italian.  At  the 
age  of  eighteen,  the  very  year  Austerlitz  was  won  and  the  glory  of 
Napoleon  reached  its  zenith,  he  returned  to  France  and  took  U{t  his 
residence  in  Paris.  He  was  educated  for  the  law,  but  having  little 
taste  for  that  profession,  he  soon  abandoned  it  for  general  literature. 
Through  the  Paris  newspapers  he  soon  wrote  himself  into  notoriety, 
and  into  the  highest  literary  circles  of  that  learned  metropolis.  His 
ascent  was,  through  the  sanctum,  first  to  the  chamber,  then  the 
minister,  then  the  plenipotentiary,  and  Jinally  the  "  arm  chair  '"  of 
the  Academy,  which  ii  tlie  pccudonyiu  of  Lae  highest  literary  distinc- 
tion in  France.  Xapoleon  I.  attempted  to  secure  his  services  in  aid 
of  his  own  vaulting  ambition,  but  though  he  was  a  young  aspirant 
to  power,  he  declined  the  otfer.  His  >sb.arp  editorial  warfare  against 
the  policy  of  Charles  X.  hastened  the  Revolution  of  July,  and  placed 
Louis  Philippe  upon  the  throne  of  France.  Louis  made  him 
^Minister  of  the  Interior,  but  he  held  that  portfolio  only  a  few  months. 
From  1832  to  l83tJ  he  was  Minister  of  Public  Instruction,  and  from 
1840  to  1848  he  was  Prime  IMinister.  From  1820  to  1848  liis  his- 
tory may  almost  be  said  to  have  been  the  history  of  France.  The 
reign  of  Louis  Philippe  was  distinguished  for  bringing  literary  men 
to  the  front.  It  was  a  period  when  the  Bourgeoisie,  or  the  ^Middle 
Estate,  of  which  Guizot  was  the  vigorous  representative,  wielded 
the  i5le  of  power.  Both  the  ancient  noblesse  of  France  and  its 
modern  Jacobinism  were  under  a  cloud,  and  if  tliere  had  been  moral 
principle  enough  in  the  kingdom,  France  might  have  been  saved 
from  the  stormy  and  sangiu'narv  scenes  wliich  have  since  disfigured 
her  history.  But  the  political  ascendancy  of  (uiizoc  was  not  to  be 
of  long  continuance.  With  the  overthrow  of  Louis  Philippe,  to 
which  Guizot  himself  unwittinglv  contributed,  his  o\vn  ministry 
came  to  an  end.  The  inflexibility  of  both  his  religious  and  political 
opinions  prevented  his  accepting  accomplished  facts,  and  events, 
which  he  deemed  himself  able  to  control,  he  found  were  too  strong 
even  for  the  im|)eriousness  of  his  arbitrary  will. 

His  use  of  the  government  patri"»nage,  too,  was  pardonable  only 
on  the  ground  of  his  supreme  confidence  in  tlie  rectitude  of  his  inten- 
tions, and  of  Ids  sense  of  tlieir  overwhelming  importance.  His  own 
personal  purity,  however,  was  never  com[)romised,  and  he  fell  from 
power  only  by  very  well-inenut  indiscretions.     As  a  statesman,  his 


1875.]  Chdzot.  131 

views  were  cnliphtcncfl  nnd  coni)>roliCTisive,  ))nt  as  a  cliplomntist  he 
was  not  suthcicntly  shrewd  [or  the  t!h;ir[)  practiee  of  those  re\olution- 
arv  times.  He  did  n<>t  know  how  to  ?ehuol  himself  into  the  reti- 
cence necos.-^arv  in  that  'h'.parhncnt.  AVhile,  on  the  the  one  side,  he 
relumed  to  adopt  the  hypociitical  maxim  ascribed  to  Talleyrand,  that 
laii!jua;!:e  was  dosiiined  to  conceal  onr  thouuht?-,  on  the  other  he  tidl 
into  the  error  that  the  copia  I'erborri.m  is  compatible  with  snceess. 
Hence  lie  Tailed  in  Fiance,  and  afterwards  more  signally  in  England, 
where  lie  was  cl(>arly  oiitgeneralled  by  the  liritish  ^Ministry.  'J'ho 
anterior  n-gion  of  his  brain  was  of  great  volume,  quite  out  of  pro- 
])Ortion  to  the  posterior,  which  was  unusually  small.  The  phi-eno- 
iogi.>:.s  \\iiuld  therefore  tell  us  that  he  was  designed  for  the  study, 
nnd  not  for  the  active  scenes  of  a  military,  or  the  tortuous  wind- 
ings of  Ji  di[»loniatic  career.  He  was  no  match  for  Talleyrand, 
or  Metteruich,  or  I'almerston.  For  a  brief  period  he  was  Louis 
}*hilippe'.s  ambassador  to  England,  but  he  acquired  few  laurels  in  that 
capacitv.  ]Hs  imperious  iron  will  Avas  not  adapted  to  that  servii.-c. 
It  w;is  his  intlexible  adherence  to  the  very  letter  of  tlic  law, — to  vhat 
]ic  icgardctl  lo  be  eoirect  abstract  })rinciples, — which  coined  and 
introdncfd  into  the  French  language  the  new  term  "  doctrinaire.'"'' 
H.-  :vould  control  men  by  lecturing  rather  than  by  persuading 
tlicm.  He  had  "lectured  King  Louis  Philippe,  he  had  lectured  the 
members  of  his  cabinet,  and  he  had  lectured  the  Chamber  of  Depu- 
ties," but  that  mode  of  address  was  not  to  the  taste  of  the  English 
statesnicn.  It  is  said  that  he  "attempted  to  lecture  Lord  Palmcr- 
Bton,  and  to  browbeat  Lord  Aberdeen"  upon  the  Eastern  question, 
and  that  he  had  the  natural  disposition  to  "  lecture  the  whole  human 
race,"  and  yet,  in  spite  of  his  Protestantism,  and  in  spite  of  the  sati- 
rists, and  in  spite  of  M.  Thiers,  he  held  for  many  years  the  first 
place  in  P'rance,  such  were  his  intelligence  and  force  of  character, 
but  he  was  rather  feared  than  loved,  even  by  his  followers. 

The  f:dl  of  Louis  Philippe  was  the  fall  of  Guizot.  If  the  reign 
of  that  monarch  was  favorable  to  men  of  literary  distinction,  it  is 
equally  true  that  the  literary  men  of  that  day  wrought  the  ruin  of  his 
throne.  The  writers  who  were  then  the  favorites  of  the  French 
peonli-  were  such  men  as  Balsac,  George  Sand,  Victor  Hugo  and 
Eugene  Sue.  They  assailed  the  established  rights  of  property  and 
the  s.anctity  of  domestic  life,  and  thus  undermined  not  only  the  throne 
and  the  altnr,  but  the  very  foundations  of  society  itself.  So  rigid 
w:i6  his  Protestantism  that  Guizot  has  been  called  "  The  French  Puri- 
tan;" but  with  ail  the  cares  of  state  upon  his  hands,  even  his  hercu- 
lean intellectual  and  moral  strength  was  insuthcient  to  withstand  the 
demoralizing  influence  of  such  doctrines,  especially  as  they  were  quite 
in  harmony  -.vith  the  prevailing  taste  of  that  nation.  That  ta-te  had 
been  formed  far  back  in  the  past,  and  awakened  and  intensified  by 
the  writers  of  that  day,  the  Government,  supported  alone  by  tiie 
middle  elasa,  and  having  no  buttresses  in  the  loyalty  of  nobles,  the 


132  Guizot.  [April, 

sympatliy  of  the  masses,  or  the  po^vcr  of  armies,  fell  before  the  storm. 
liOiiis  ]'hil;ppe  iied  tVoui  r.iris  in  cli.<;;ulse,  very  much  as  Jeffcrsou 
Davis  iled  from  KichnioiHl,  and  the  reign  of  constitutional  monarchy 
came  to  its  end. 

But  the  immediate  cause  of  tlie  fall  of  Guizot  was  his  negotiation 
of  the  "Spani.-h  maniiiires,"  the  partlcuhiro  of  which  have  almost 
faded  from  the  recolleclitnis  of  this  country.  Tliose  "  marriages  " 
came  very  near  involjing  France  and  England  in  war.  Isabella  was 
affianced  to  her  cousin,  Don  Fi-ancisco  d'Assise,  and  her  younger 
sister,  ]Marie,  became  the  wife  of  the  Duke  dc  Montpensier,  the  fifth 
son  of  King  Louis  Philippe.  This  arrangement,  which  was  largely 
owing  to  the  diplomacy  of  Guizot,  aroused  the  jealousy  and  the 
earnest  protests  of  the  Engiisli  cabinet,  as  it  might  lead  to  the  aug- 
mentation of  French  iufiuenoc  in  Europe,  by  tiie  creation  of  a  French 
dynasty  in  Spain.  England  was  moved  to  her  foundations.  The 
Opposition  in  France  gained  new  strength.  The  riots  in  Paris  soon 
assumed  the  proportions  of  a  revolution  ;  the  streets  were  barricaded  ; 
the  army  fraternized  with  tlie  riotous  populace  ;  but  Guizot  was  too 
imbending  to  recognize  tlie  cLums  of  the  hour,  and  yield  to  the  fury 
of  the  tornado.  The  danger  became  more  and  more  imminent,  the 
king  escaped  from  the  Palais  lloyal  in  the  night,  and  the  minister 
who  had  created  all  this  commotion  was  remitted  to  private  life  for 
the  remainder  of  his  days . 

The  curtain  now  rises  upon  a  new  scene  in  the  dramatic  history  of 
Guizot.  Upon  his  fiill  from  power  he  betook  himself  to  his  Norman 
home  at  Yal  Ivicher,  where  he  spent  the  remaining-  twenty-six  years 
of  his  life  in  literary  and  historical  pursuits.  His  domestic  habits 
were  excellent.  English  and  French  visitors  were  charmed  with  the 
simplicity  of  his  rural  abode.  His  love  of  study,  the  great  interest 
he  took  in  the  education  of  his  grandchildren,  the  respect  which  he 
everywhere  commanded,  his  constant  attention  to  the  fluctuating 
politic  al  fortunes  of  France,  his  daily  reading  of  the  Bible  and  his 
fervent  family  devotions  at  noon,  were  traits  which  gave  a  sort  of 
patriarchal  dignity  to  the  later  years  of  his  life.  Occasionally  lie 
wrote  a  political  pamphlet  to  meet  some  extraordinary  emergency  in 
the  condition  of  his  country,  and  once  every  month  he  appeared  in 
Paris,  and  at  the  residence  of  his  daughter,  Madame  de  Witt,  he  re- 
ceived his  old  friends  with  the  utmost  cordiality  ;  discussed  in  literary 
circles  grammatical  and  philosophical  questions  with  all  the  ardor  of 
his  youth  ;  domineered  in  the  French  Academy  and  ruled  that  body, 
as  in  former  times,  with  his  imperial  and  imperious  will ;  controlled 
to  a  large  extent  the  doings  of  tlie  French  Gonsistory ;  and  visited, 
with  unsparing  condemnation,  all  latitudinarian  departures  from  the 
straitest  creed  of  the  Protestantism  of  the  sixteenth  century. 

But  the  most  of  his  time  was  spent  at  his  country  residence,  and 
there,  in  the  midst  of  his  library  of  30,000  volumes,  and  some  fine 
paintings  of  the  French,  English  and  Spanish  schools,  he  literally 


1875.]  Guizot.  133 

revelled  in  the  lal)ors  of  an  iininensc  corret^pondence  and  of  a  most 
prolific  amlinrsliip.  His  pen,  which  hud  never  heen  quiet,  now  a.-- 
sumed  an  unwonted  activity.  His  literary  career,  indeed,  hegan 
verv  cralv, — .';s  carlv  .'la  1800.  His  first  book  w\is  a  "Histoiy  of 
Svponvuiet!,"  in  two  volumes.  It  was  followed  in  1811  by  his 
"iStii.l'-  on  the  Fine  Arts  in  France,"  in  two  volumes,  and  by  a  trans- 
lati(jn  from  the  German  of  a  recent  v.'ork  on  Spain,  ac^^ain  in  two 
volumes.  In  tlic  same  year  he  became  the  conductor  of  a  montlily 
journal  called  the  "Annals  of  FMucation,"  wliich  was  suspended  in 
l.Sl.'i.  In  1812  he  began  the  publication  of  bis  critical  translation 
of  (iibbon  in  thirteen  volumes.  From  that  lime  scarcely  a  year 
elapsed  that  did  not  witness  some  fresh  writing  of  his, — book,  pnmph- 
jet,  article  in  magazine  or  encyclopiedia,  pul)lic  address,  political 
letter.  His  "Memoires  pour  Servir"  appeared  in  eight  volumes  in 
iS.l.s-lw.  In  18i't)  he  gave  to  the  world  the  first  part  of  his  "  His- 
torv  of  the  English  Kevolution  from  the  Accession  of  C'harles  1.  to 
the  Jie.-t(iration,"'  which  was  followed  by  "  Pourquoi  la  Kevohition 
d'Anglcterre  a-t-elle  reussi"  [1850]  ;  "Monk,  chute  do  la  liejmb- 
licjne  et  vctablissemeut  de  laMonarchie  en  xVngleterre,  en  IbliO"  [1^)37 
and  l.'^51]  ;  "Etudes  biographiqnes  snr  la  Revolution  d'Angleterre" 
i^I>5l];  "Cromwell,  sera-t-il  roi"  [1852];  and  "llistoire  de  la 
re|iublique  d'Angletcrre  et  du  protectorat  de  Cromwell,"  and 
" Hi.-toirc  de  IJichard  Cromwell  et  du  retablisseraent  des  Stuarts" 
{|l,SoC)] — the  third  part  of  the  original  work,  A  translation  of  Hal- 
lam,  revised  by  M.  Guizot,  and  preceded  by  a  prefice,  was  published 
in  1828-29.  Besides  his  services  rendered  to  this  author  and  to 
Gibbon,  Guizot  assisted  in  1821  in  revising  Letourneiir's  translation 
of  Sbakspeare's  complete  works,  and  prefixed  to  it  a  biographical  and 
literary  notice  of  the  dramatist,  whom  he  again  made  the  subject  of 
a  literary  study  in  1852  ["  Shakspeare  et  son  temps*'] .  The  United 
States,  as  the  younger  Britain,  also  received  some  of  his  attention. 
He  edited  a  French  edition  of  Sparks's  "Life  of  Washington"  [1^3'J- 
40],  to  which  he  contributed  an  introductory  essay  on  the  life  and 
ohriraeter  of  Washington  in  the  Revolution  ;  he  also  revised  Lorain's 
"Ori,nn  and  Foundation  of  the  United  States"  [1853].  His  "His- 
tory of  Civilization"  is  perhaps  the  greatest  historical  work  ever 
written  by  a  Frenchman,  unless  M-e  except  his  "History  of  France." 
His  "  1  Embassy  to  the  Court  of  St.  James"  is  a  very  readable  volume. 
Another  of  his  publications  is  his  "Meditations  on  the  Essence  of 
Christianity  and  on  the  Religious  Questions  of  the  Day,"  and  he 
closes  its  preface  with  this  noble  paragraph  :  "  I  have  passed  thirty- 
five  years  of  my  life  in  struggling,  on  a  bustling  arena,  for  the 
e8tabli^!uncnt  of  pcditical  liberty  and  the  maintenance  of  order  as 
established  by  law.  I  have  learned  in  the  labors  and  trials  of  this 
etruggle  th.e  real  worth  of  Christian  faith  and  of  Christian  liberty. 
God  permits  me  in  the  repose  of  my  retreat,  to  consecrate  to  their 
cause  what  remains  to  me  of  life  and  of  strength.  It  is  the  most  salu- 
VOL.  xxis.  12* 


134  Guizot.  [April, 

salutury  favor  and  the   gi-catcst  favor  that  I  can  receive  from  His 
goodness."' 

15ut  tlie  crowning  work  of  this  indiisUious  and  prolific  writer  is  his 
"History  of  France  told  to  ?»Iy  (.liiiudc!iildi-ou,"  iu  five  volumes. 
This  great  work,  setting  forth  the  history  of  tliat  nation  from  the 
earliest  times  down  to  178i*,  has  heen  translated  and  published  iu 
England,  and  is  now  iu  the  course  of  republication  by  the  young  and 
enterprising  house  of  Estes  Sc  Lauriut  of  this  city.  Prefixed  to  the 
history  is  an  admirable  likeness  of  the  author, — the  same  that  by  their 
courtesy  prefaces  this  article, — obtained  from  his  daughter  at  con- 
siderable expense  to  the  })ubli.shcrs.  The  whole  will  be  executed 
w^ith  the  best  artistic  skill,  and  will  be  illustrated  by  some  400  admira- 
ble engravings.  Three  volumes  have  already  made  their  appearance, 
and  the  remainder  will  follow  in  the  course  of  a  few  months.  Du 
Cange,  Dc  Thou,  Fleury,  Sismondi  and  many  other  eminent  writers 
have  given  us  sket:,'hes  of  the  more  salient  points  in  the  history  of  that 
nation, — a  nation  distiniruished  alike  for  its  internal  dissensions  and 
for  the  important  role  it  has  played  for  many  centuries  in  the.afiairs 
of  Europe.  But  vrc  arc  now  to  have  sometldng  which  is  consecutive 
and  complete, — something  which  will  command  at  once  not  only  tlie 
atter.'tion  of  the  scliolar  l)ut  of  the  general  reader  as  well, — and  some- 
thing which  will  fill  a  wide  chasm  in  the  history  of  Europe  itself. 

M.  Guizot,  as  an  historian,  was  eminently  philosophical.  His 
lectures  at  the  Sorbonne  are  fine  specimens  of  philosophical  insight. 
Goethe,  the  great  German  mcta]>hysician,  said,  "  I  have  found  in 
him  a  depth  and  thoroughness  not  surpassed  by  any  historical  writer." 
So,  too,  many  profound  observations  can  be  seen  in  his  "Embassy 
to  the  Court  of  St.  James."  In  that  work  he  says,  "I  neither  think 
nor  speak  evil  of  parties  ;  they  form  the  necessary  elements  of  free 
government."  His  estimate  of  Lord  ^lacaulay  is  justified  by  the  best 
recent  opinion.  "  Lord  Macaulay,"  he  says,  "  has  not  always  obeyed 
the  law  of  historical  equity,  but  while  advanc'.ag  in  labor  he  became 
soon  disenthralled  from  his  early  Whig  prejudices.  He  is  much 
more  impartial  in  his  history  of  William  the  Third  than  in  that  of 
James  the  Second,  and  more  especially  than  iu  those  of  Charles  the 
First  and  Charles  the  Second." 

Again  he  says  of  the  Rev.  Sydney  Smith,  "His  weak  point  was 
that  the  turn  of  his  mind  and  language  was  not  in  harmony  with  his 
position.  He  did  not  enter  the  Church  of  his  own  tree  choice,  but 
by  the  urgent  wishes  of  his  father  ;  and  while  he  endeavored  to  fulfil 
the  duties  of  his  post,  he  could  not  confine  within  severe  proprieties 
his  exuberant  gayety."  Of  Lord  Jeffrey  he  says  with  great  truth, 
"  He  exercised  literary  criticism  with  as  much  independence  as  judg- 
ment, and  scarcely  found  anything  left  to  admire."  Of  England  he 
says,  "Two  things  equally  impress  me  here,  the  spirit  of  conservatism 
and  the  spirit  of  reform,  but  this  is  the  country  of  ultimate  good 
sense,  and  of  slow  but  continued  progress."     Of  Sir  Robert  Peel  he 


1875.]  Guizot.  135 

says,  "Peel  ia  not  n  great  man,  but  he  can  do  what  G^rcat  men  cannot 
do, — he  can  nianac,^e  tlie  House  ol:'  Lords,  and  he  did  it."  Again  he 
profoundly  remarks,  "In  representative  govtirnments,  men  ditfer  less 
than  they  believe."  He  thus  compare^  public  life  with  domesric  en- 
dearments :  "The  labors  of  political  and  the  pleasures  of  worldly  lif.j 
are  but  superficial  eajoyments.  Far  below  the  surface,  within  the 
depths  of  the  soul,  there  are  long  and  close  intimacies,  allectionate 
regards,  words  of  confidence,  total  imreserve,  the  trauquiliitv  and 
warmth  of  the  domestic  hearth  ;  these  are  what  truly  fill  the  heart." 
Again  he  says,  after  wandering  alone  in  the  extensive  grounds  of 
Kegcnt's  Park,  "Jn  complete  solitude  and  in  the  presence  of  natiu-e, 
we  forget  isolation  ; "  and  once  more,  "We  are  instruments  in  the 
hands  of  a  Superior  Power,  which  applies  us,  according  to  or  against 
our  inclination,  to  the  use  for  v/hich  it  has  made  us." 

As  a  man  of  aflairs,  with  all  his  philosophy,  Guizot  was  not  al- 
together skilful.  In  some  tilings  he  strongly  resembled  Senator 
Sumner.  Poth  had  deeply  seated  moral  princijdcs.  Poth  were 
largely  theorists,  and  both  were  often  unable  to  reduce  their  theories 
to  practice.  There  was  something  a  little  unpractical  in  the  structure 
of  both  those  minds.  So  strongly  were  those  distinguished  men 
convinced  that  they  were  right,  that  they  were  sometimes  unable  to 
see  foregone  conclusions  or  to  accept  inevitable  results,  if  thev  were 
in  the  teeth  of  their  idealism.  Put  few  men  were  abler  than  thev, 
with  all  their  imperfections.  Guizot  was  long  one  of  the  very  fore- 
most men  in  Prance,  and  he  served  his  country  and  Louis  Philippe 
with  the  utmost  zeal.  Some  men  are  fond  of  such  dav  dreams,  as 
speculating  upon  what  "  would  have  happened  if  something  else  liad 
not  happened."  Put  it  is  useless  to  ask  "  What  w-ould  have  been 
the  condition  of  France  to-day  if  Guizot  had  never  lived  ?"  Pie  has, 
without  any  question,  greatly  improved  the  general  condition  of 
affairs  in  that  coimtry,  and  in  his  numerous  writings  he  has  left  an 
immense  amount  of  political  and  moral  truth, — an  encvclopa^dian  re- 
pertory of  wisdom, — which,  it  is  hoped,  will  yet  be  reduced  to  prac- 
tice by  w^iser  if  not  abler  men. 

In  his  judgment  of  character  Guizot  was  singidarly  sagacious.  As 
a  specimen,  take  his  opinion  of  Napoleon  IlL,  written  before  his 
downfall.  It  was  prophetic.  He  wrote  to  a  friend  as  follows  : — 
"As  toliistorical  personages,  you  are  quite  right  in  considering  him 
who  a^this  moment  occupies  the  scene  a  singidar  one,  and  in  savins 
tha?'*nnless  people  understand  him  they  can  understantl  nothin'-'-  of 
what  is  going  on.  Never  did  a  man  exercise  more  influence  over 
his  age,  and  occasion  more  events  with  less  [)ersonal  greatness, 
whether  of  mind  or  of  character.  He  alone  is  responsible  i'-jv  everv- 
thing.  His  contemporaries  have  only  to  answer  for  a  single  thin"-, 
the  eagerness  or  apathy  with  which  they  let  him  act.  That  will  be 
quite  enough  for  thera  in  history.  He  begins,  moreover,  to  bo  much 
embarrassed  by  what  he  has  done.     He  has  raised  I  know  not  how 


136  Guizot.  [April, 

raany  questions  which  he  cannot  solve.  ITe  has  made  war,  he  Jias 
made  peace,  and  his  successci,  military  and  paclH.;,  luive  only  brouirlit 
him  to  a  position  full  of  enjljarrassment  and  impotence.  lie  is  forced 
to  declare  this  himself  publicly,  and  to  renounce  the  re^julation  of  the 
future,  which  he  wished  to  do",  aikr  havinrr  overturned  the  present^ 
I  do  not  ]:now  .vhether  this  expciience  will  give  him  a  dista.-^te  for 
beginning  other  subjects,  ending  in  his  bcing'one  day  equally  power- 
less to  regulate  them.  I  wish  it  more  than  1  expect  it.  He  is 
strangely  wanting  in  foresight,  and  is  equally  wedded  to  his  schemes 
and  hasty  in  getting  tu-ed  of  the  labor  and  tedium  of  carrvin^  them 
out."  -^     ° 

Guizot  was  also  a  man  of  great  devoutness  of  spirit.  This  trait 
is  altogether  the  more  unexpected  and  singular,  as  he  so  largely 
mmgled  in  the  stormiest  scenes  of  modern  revolutionary  France,1ind 
as  the  public  men  of  that  nation  are  so  ireneraljy  sceptical.  He  was 
an  avowed  believer  in  the  authority  of  the  P.ible,  and  in  the  plan  of 
Redemption  through  the  atoning  blood  of  Jesus  Christ.  "  I  believe," 
eaid  he,  "in  God,  and  adore  him,  without  seeking  to  comprehend 
hira.  ■  I  recognize  him  present  and  at  work  not  only  in  the  universe 
and  m  the  inner  life  of  the  soul,  but  also  in  the  liistorv  of  human 
society,  specially  in  the  Old  and  Xew  Testaments,— monuments  of 
revelation  and  divine  action  by  the  mediation  and  sacrifice  of  Jesus 
Christ  for  the  salvation  of  the  human  race." 

Pie  believed  in  a  personal  God,  and  that  He  is  a  hearer  of  praver, 
and  his  practice  of  daily  prayer  corresponded  with  his  theory.  'He 
said,  ''■  Of  all  beings  on  the  face  of  the  earth,  man  alone  prays.  There 
is  not  among  all  his  moral  instincts  a  more  universal,  a  more  in- 
vmcible  one  than  prayer.  The  child  betakes  himself  to  it  with  read'' 
docility  ;  aged  men  resort  to  it  as  a  refuge  against  decay  and  isola- 
tion. Prayer  rises  spontaneously  from  young  lips  that  can  scarcely 
lisp  the  name  of  God,  and  from  expiring  ones  that  scarcely  have 
strength  left  to  pronounce  it.  Everywhere  tl  are  are  living  men, 
under  certain  circumstances,  at  certain  hours,  under  certain  fmpres- 
sions  of  the  soul,  whose  eyes  are  raised,  whose  hands  are  clasped, 
whose  knees  are  bent  to  implore,  to  thank,  to  adore,  or  appease! 
"With  joy  or  terror,  publicly  or  in  the  secret  of  his  own  heart,  it  is  to 
prayer  tiiat  man  turns  as  a  last  resource  to  fill  the  void  places  of  the 
soul,  or  bear  the  burdens  of  his  life.  It  is  in  prayer  he  seeks,  when 
all  else  fails,  a  support  for  his  weakness,  comfort  'in  his  sorrows,  and 
hope  for  his  virtue." 

Guizot  was  too  sound  a  philosopher  to  deny  the  efficacy  of  prayer 
because  "the  laws  of  nature  are  uniform,"  for  tlie  two  spheres  are 
entirely  distinct.  And  yet  iie  held  that  though  they  generally  work 
on  different  planes,  sometimes  the  Infinite  and  Overriilinn- Mind,  be- 
hind both  mental  activity  and  "natural  law,"  through  the  mfiuence  of 
prayer,  so  arranges  antecedents,  either  directly  or  by  a  series  of  fac- 
tors, that  they  give  a  new  direction  to  the  on-goings  of  that  "law." 


1875.]  Guizot.  137 

This  arranginc;  of  antccetlcnts  to  secure  new  consequents  is  no  in- 
fringement of  "natural  law,"  but  is  itself  a  part  and  parcel  of  "die 
constitution  and  course  of  nature."  Thus  prayer  becomes  "etlcctual," 
while  "  natural  law  "  holds  on  ita  way.  'I'liis  was  the  belief  of  Guizot, 
and  it  w.^uld  seem  it  must  be  the  belief  of  every  philosopher  who  is 
not  a  charlatan  or  an  atlieist. 

Guizot  also  held  that  prayer  has  a  two-fold  efficacy, — that  it  both 
influences  the  Divine  Mind  and  exerts  a  benign  reflex  influence  upon 
the  suppliant  himself.  This  was  apparent  to  all  his  friends,  who 
observed  the  serener  atmosphere  in  which  he  moved  in  his  later 
days. 

But  the  life  of  this  eminent  man, — distinguished  in  such  various 
relations, — after  surviving  four  revolutions, — the  repeated  over- 
throw of  constitutions,  cabinets  and  crowns, — has  at  last  terminated. 
The  closing  act  of  the  drama  v.-as  beautiful.  As  the  sun  declines  in 
the  west,  his  rays  are  less  fierce  than  when  in  the  zenith ;  so  the  spirit 
of  Guizut,  as  life  waned,  took  on  a  mellower  lustre.  He  had  been 
twice  married  and  twice  had  suffered  widowerhood.  His  flrst  wife 
was  ]Mademoi3^11c  ruuline  de  Meulan,  a  literary  lady,  who  was 
fourteen  ycaro  his  senior ;  and  his  second  was  a  niece  of  the  flrst 
jNIadame  Guizot,  and  like  her  an  authoress.  His  severe  domestic 
bereavements  had  thrown  a  deep  shadow  upon  his  natural  buoyancy 
of  e()irits.  His  public  life  and  his  numerous  writings  had  hardly 
saved  him  from  pecuniary  embarrassment.  But  his  religious  con- 
victions were  cordial  and  profound.  Christianity  was  his  great 
support;  and,  barring  the  sympathy  of  his  affectionate  family  and 
the  respect  and  gratitude  of  the  world,  he  had  little  else  to  sustain 
him.  The  wealth  and  the  honors  of  this  world  were  of  small  ac- 
count to  him  who  had  so  long  seen  their  vanity,  and  whose  soul,  so 
long  exalted  by  communion  with  God,  was  now  rapidly  preparing 
for  translation  to  a  life  which  is  immortal. 

Only  a  few  weeks  before  his  death  he  visited  the  Academy  at  Paris 
to  take  a  final  leave  of  his  colleagues.  The  state  of  his  health,  which 
was  then  quite  vigorous,  and  the  earnest  part  which  he  took  in  the 
di'CiK-sion  of  literary  and  grammatical  questions,  excited  no  suspicions 
arann;]^  them  that  they  should  "  see  his  face  no  more."  He  had  him- 
8cli",  however,  a  strong  presentiment  that  that  was  his  last  visit. 
One  day  he  said  to  his  startled  associates,  "Here  is  old  age  ;  it  has 
come  late,  but  I  feel  it  has  come."  His  last  illness  was  simply  the 
rC'^ult  of  {)hysical  exhaustion,  and  it  seemed  like  a  visible  ascension 
to  a  higher  sphere.  For  three  weeks  he  lay,  with  only  short  inter- 
vals, in  a  comatose  state,  and  in  one  of  those  intervals  he  said  he  felt 
the  sensation  of  aerial  travellers  as  the  balloon  rises  from  the  earth 
into  the  heavens.  A  vivid  sense  of  supernatural  scenes  came  upon 
him.  The  curtain  was  lifted,  and  the  philosopher,  the  statesman,  the 
minister,  tlie  diplomatist,  the  historian,  tlic  academician,  the  Christian 
passed  "  within  the  veil." 


138  Letter  of  the  lion.   William  Cushinrj.  [April, 


LETTER   OF  THE  HON".  WILLIAM   GUSHING. 

The  Reoistfr  is  ir.Jehtcl  to  Mr.  S.  Wliitncy  Plm;nix,  of  Now- York,  for  a  copy  of 
the  follo-.vinj^  letter,  t'le  oric,nnal  i)f  which  is  in  his  j)  /sscssion.  The  writer,  it  will 
be  unfie^stuo^l,^^•as  William  L'ushin;;.  of  M;is.-,u.;liiii^(trrt,  oiio  of  the  justior-s  of  the 
suDreuie  court  of  the  United  Stiiteb,  appoiiued  by  President  Washington.  (See  ante, 
vol.  viii.  41.) 

Deak  Cousins,  Angnstd  \_Ga.'],  Nov.  17tb,  1703. 

I  venture  a  short  letter  to  you,  thouirh  pcrsoDully  unknown  ;  and 
should  have  done  more;  Mrs.  Cushinii  and  1  sliould  , have  done  onrselves 
the  pleasure  of  a  short  visit  at  your  house,  had  time  and  circumstances 
permitted.  But  I  am  ubligcd  to  hasten  otV  to-morrow  from  hence  to  "Wake 
in  North  Carolina,  a  spaceof  three  hundred  miles,  to  hold  Court  there,  the 
last  of  this  month ;  and  havin*^  travelled  a  journey  of  thirteen  hundred 
miles  already,  with  one  pair  of  horses  in  a  phaeton,  somewhat  incumbered 
with  necessary  baggage,  it  will  be  as  much  as  we  can  do  to  reach  "Wake  m 
season.  So  that  we  can  only  wisli  you  happiness  and  prosperity,  and  rt  gret 
the  want  of  opportunity,  at  present,  of  a  personal  acquaintance. 

I  had  great  hopes  of  havin<^  an  opnortunit.y  of  ser'iiig  your  good  mother 
and  my  guod  aunt  a^^ain  in  this  world;,  but  in  the  winter  1700  I  was 
informed  by  Gov^  Johnson,  of  Edenton,  at  New-York,  that  she  had  died 
the  fall  before,  being  about  the  time  of  the  death  cf  her  brother  and  our 
uncle  John  Cotton  of  Plymouth.  Relations  in  that  quarter  were  pretty 
well  when  we  left  Scituate  in  August  last.  Aunt  Dyer  lives  at  Scituate 
with  her  daughter  Lucy,  who  married  a  nephew  of  mine,  and  has  two  chil-' 
dren,  a  son  and  daugliter.  liossiter  Cotton,  or  Doctor  Cotton  as  we  call 
him,  whom  Mrs.  Scarborough  has  probably  seen,  was  on  a  visit  with  us, 
with  his  wife  last  summer.  He  practises  physic  in  I'lymouth,  and  is  regis- 
ter of  deeds  for  the  County,  one  of  the  othces  his  father  held.  I  under- 
stand Mrs.  Scarborough  has  no  brother  living,  but  two  sisters,  Mrs. 
Williams  and  Mrs.  Lamb  ;  whom  we  have  thought  of  calling  to  see  in  our 
progress  to  the  Northward  after  "Wake  Court  is  over,  if  the  roads  that  way 
shaU  not  be  found  inconvenient  and  it  be  not  too  nmch  out  of  our  route. 
Onr  course  will  be  through  Philadelphia,  where  I  f  xpect  to  be  detained  at 
Court  till  the  last  of  February,  then  homeward  bound,  through  Middletown 
in  Connecticut,  Mrs.  Cushing's  native  place ;  and  at  length  I  suppose  we 
shall  compleat  a  voyage  of  eight  months.  We  have  been  married  19  years, 
and  have  no  litde  ones  to  cry  after  us  yet.  'Tis  but  a  day  or  two  since  I 
found  that  you  reside  within  20,  30,  or  40  miles  of  this  })lace,  but  do  not 
understand  now  precisely  the  spot.  Though  we  are  dispersed  and  separated 
and  may  not  have  the  pfeasure  of  seeing  one  anotl\er's  faces  in  this  world, 
'tis  to  be  hoped  we  shall  at  length  meet  together  in  a  better  Country. 

Mrs.  Cushing  joins  in  .sincere  regards  to  you  br>th,  and  is  much  regretting 
the  impracticability  of  calling  to  see  you.  Your  affectionate  cousin, 

^  Wm.  Cushing. 

I  should  have  mentioned  the  relation  of  ]Mrs.  Cushing  to  :Mrs.  Scarbo- 
rough. Mrs.  C.'s  mother.  Hannah  Phillips,  was  first  cousin  to  ^Nlrs.  Scar- 
borough. She  married  her  cousin  George  Phillips  of  ]Mi<ldletown.  merchant, 
and  left  two  sons  and  four  daughters.  She  died  iu  17G'J — he  in  1778,  of 
the  small  pox  by  inocul alien. 
M'  &.  M"  Scarborough. 


1875.]  Munson  or  Monson,  139 


MUNSON  OR  MOXSOX. 

By  Richard  Hi:NKY  Greene,  Esq.,  of  Xew-Yurk,  N.  Y. 

nr"^IIIS  name,  it  is  said,  is  made  up  of  "  ]Mon,"  the  abbreviatiim 
Jl  of  Edmund,  and  s(ni,  and  therefore  means  the  son  of  Mon  or 
Kduumd  :  this  is  not  an  unusual  formation  ;  for  instance  :  liicliard- 
6on,   I)ickson,  Kdmundson,  Monson. 

1.  Thomas'  Monson  or  ]\rLmson,  for  the  name  is  written  in  both 
ways  in  this  family,  was  the  emigrant  and  ancestor  of  most  of  the 
name  in  this  country.  AViien  lie  landed,  or  where,  is  not  exactly 
known  ;  but  he  is  first  heard  of  in  Xew-IIaven,  June  4,  lGo9,  when 
lio  siLcncd  the  oriidnal  agreement,  of  all  the  free  planters  of  ?>e\v- 
TlaviMi,  lie  removed  to  Hartford,  where  he  resided  in  lG-41  ;  but 
returned  to  N.  II.  the  following  yenr.  C)n  the  lOth  of  ]\Iarch,  1G4G, 
the  comn\ittee  of  the  First  Church  seated  Thomas  Monson  and  five 
others  in  "No.  5  cross  seats,"  and  "  Sister  ]Munson"  was  seated  in 
"second  of  seats  on  the  side  for  women.*'  Oct.  5,  1GG9,  the  Hon. 
James  Bishop,  lit.  Thomas  Munson,  and  three  others  were  ap}>oint- 
cd  conmiissioners  to  meet  five  from  Branford  to  establish  boundaries 
between  the  two  towns.  In  September,  1()75,  Lieut.  Munson  com- 
manded the  Xew-Haven  troops  ordered,  by  the  council  at  Hartford, 
to  ^orwottock  and  up  the  river  to  defend  the  plantations  against  the 
Indians.  Susan  Munson,  who  was  probably  his  wife,  came  in  the 
Elizabeth,  to  Boston,  in  1634,  aged  '2b  ;  from  which  we  may  con- 
clude that  her  husband  had  preceded  her,  and  probably  landed  at  the 
eame  port.  Mrs.  Munson's  maiden  name  is  unknown  ;  but  she  was 
born  about  the  year  1609.  There  are  no  data  by  which  we  have 
been  able  to  fix  the  time  of  his  birth  ;  but  a  trans-Atlantic  search 
woidd  undoubtedly  disclose  it.  He  was  a  representative  in  tiic 
gcncrnl  court  1BG6,  1669,  1670,  '1,  '2,  '3,  '4  and  '5,  and  died  ten 
yoar-^  Inter,  in  16S5.  In  the  division  of  his  estate,  three  children 
are  named;  the  births  of  tv/o  of  whom  appear  on  the  records,  and 
are  aa  follows  : 

2.  i.     Samuel,  bapt.  Aug.  6,  1613. 

3.  ii.    IIannaii.  hapt.  June  11,  1648. 

4.  iii.  Elizabeth. 

2.  Samlt.l'  ^f'ln.'^on  {  Thomas^ ) ,  lived  in  Xew-Haven  :  married, 
Oct.  2G,  1«;G."),  ^Martha,  daughter  of  William  Bradley ;  was  made 
freeman  in  X'ew-Haven  in  1GG9  ;  ensign  in  "Wcllingford  1G75:  is 
called  a  proprietor  in  X".  H.,  before  his  removal,  and  again  in  IGSj, 
after  his  return  from  AVallingford,  which  took  [dace  in  1081  or  '2. 
Ensign  Samuel  3Iunson  died  in  Xew-Haven   1G9|,  and  his  widow, 


140  Munson  or  Monso/i.  [April, 

Mrs.  ]\r:irtlia  ^lunson,  married  Mr.  Preston.     The  children  of  Ens. 
Samuel*  and  Martha  (liradlcy)  ^Munson  were  : 

i.      Martha,  b.  INFav  G,  16^7,  in  New-Haven, 
ii.      Samukl,  b.  F.;b,  28,  1GG8-'J.     "         '' 
iii.    Thomas,  b.  Aruroh  12,  1G70-1.  "        " 
iv.    John,  b.  Jan.  2|,  1G72-0.       ''         « 
v.     Theopuilus,  b.  Sept.  1,  ]  670.   "        " 
vi.    JoSEi'ii,  b.  ill  Vv'allingfbrd. 
vii.    Stephen,  b.  " 

viii.  Caleb,  b.  Nov.  19,   1C82,  in  New-IIaven. 
ix.    Joshua,  b.  Feb.  7,  1G84,     "  " 

X.     Iskael,  b.  iNIarch    6,    1G8G,    in  New-Haven  ;   the   only   one 
not  living  in  1G98. 

3.  PLiXXAn'  Jfunson  ( Thomas^) ,  married  Joseph  Tuttle,  !Mar. 
2,  1GG7.  He  was  son  of  William  Tuttle,  who  came  to  Boston 
in  the  Planter,  in  Kioo,  aged  '2\i,  witli  liis  wife  Elizabeth  aged  23, 
and  three  children.  They  liad  two  more  children  before  1()3H, 
when  they  removed  to  New-Haven,  and  seven  born  afterward, 
of  whom  JosLpii,  meuLiojied  above,  was  baptized  Nov.  22,  1640, 
made  freeman  IGGO,  a  proprietor  in  1085,  and  died  1600,  aged  ^y2. 
Hannah. (Munson)  Tuttle  married  second,  in  1(J94,  Nathan  Brad- 
ley, and  died  the  next  year  1605.     The  children  were  : 

i.      Joseph  Tuttle,  b.  March  18,  1GG8. 

ii.     Samuel,  b.  July  15,  1G70. 

iii.    Stephen-,  b.  ^lay  20,  1G73. 

iv.    Joanna,   b.  Dec.  13,  lC7o. 

V.     Timothy,  b.  Sept.  30, 1G78  ;  died  young. 

vi.    Susanna,  b.  Feb.  20,  1G80  ;       "       " 

vii.  Elizabeth,  b.  July  12,  1GS3. 

viii.  PIannah,   b.  May,  lG8o;  died  young. 

ix.    Hannah,  b. 

4.  Elizabeth*  Munson  (  TJiomas^') ,  mar. ied  Richard  Hisfginbot- 
ham,  a  tailor.  He  was  a  proprietor  in  New-Haven  iu  1685,  but 
removed  before  1692  to  Elizabethtown,  N.  J.,  and  a  few  years  later 
returned  to  Connecticut  and  settled  in  iStainford.  She  may  have 
been  older  than  Hannah,  or  even  Samuel,  which  would  account  for 
her  birth  not  being  on  the  New-Haven  records.  Richard  and 
Elizabeth  had  one  child  : 

i.     Rebecca. 


Hannah  Townsend.— In  16^11  Lieut.  Richard  Way  haJ  m.  Hannah  Knight,  for- 
merly Hannah  Allen,  executrix  of  llupe  Ailrn,  and  her  oh.  Elizabeth,  Deborah  & 
Hope  Allen,  were  ioterestL-d  in  soiiie  real  e>catc  near  bind  ot  Kdward  Allen  k  U"il- 
Ibim  Grij;::s.  S!ie  ^vas  a  da.:,  ui  William  v5c  llaiuiub  (IVnn)  'iV.vvn^tnd  and  d:.  Ist 
(Apr.  3,  lOoT)  Tbuuia.-i  Ib-ill.  of  Uuston,  w!io  d.  in  ItiTO.  Her  sister,  Deborah 
Townsend,  m.  .Nathaniel  Thayer.  H.  F.  Waters. 


1875.]  Nantiichet  in  the  Revolution.  141 


NANTUCKET  IN  THE  KEVOLI'TION. 

By  ALEXA.N-DKR  Staiuiuck,  Esq.,  of  Waltliam. 
[Coucluded  from  page  53.1 

DT'KIXCt  the  year  1781, iu  spite  of  tlie  protests  to  the  Britislicoia- 
in:m(hM-jj,  the  ishindcrs  were  constantly  harassed  by  the  dejjreda- 
tions  of  En^dish  cruiscrt",  they  even  entering  the  liarhor  to  pursue  their 
a^jiresaions,  and  it  remained  as  a  htst  resort  of  the  inhabitants  to  pre- 
pare a  memorial  and  send  it  by  Samuel  Starbuck,  "William  llotcli 
and  r>(.iij.uuin  ITussey,  to  Admiral  Digby,  at  New-York,  to  obtain 
some  relief.  They  represented  to  him  in  strong  terms,  dictated  liy 
earnest  feeling,  tlie  cmban-assing  situation  of  the  people  of  the  town, 
and  {'vim\  him  obtained  an  order  forbidding  any  further  molestation 
of  their  persons  or  property  within  the  bar  of  the  harbor.  Subse- 
quently he  granted  them  several  permits  for  vessels  to  whale.  This 
of  course  created  some  commotion  upon  the  continent,  where,  thotigh 
not  po.-itively  kno\\u,  it  was  more  than  suspected  that  it  was  done 
by  permission  of  the  English  commander,  but  those  in  authority  vv'ere 
fully  aware  of  the  desperate  strait  to  which  the  people  were  reduced, 
an<l  that  the  alternative  was  leniency  or  starvation,  and  rather 
Aivored  than  condemned  the  proceeding.^  The  means  of  support  in 
almost  all  the  soiitl:eastem  towns  were  precarious,  and  we  find  peti- 
tions from  nearly  every  town  on  the  Cape,  those  on  the  Vineyard 
and  along  the  shores  of  Buzzard's  Bay,  praying  for  aid  in  procuring 
provisions,  and  pleading  poverty  in  extenuation  for  the  failure  to  pay 
taxes.  If  this  was  the  case  on  the  continent,  how  much  more  must 
it  have  been  the  case  with  those  on  the  islands  !  In  this  same  year 
wc  find  a  return  of  a  cartel  from  Commodore  AfHeek  with  eleven 
Nantucket  men  on  board  Vvho  were  taken  prisoners  by  the  English, 
and  can-ied  into  New-York. 

In  17(S2  the  town  was  again  convened  and  the  following  petition, - 
which  is  its  own  explanation,  was  sent  to  the  general  court. 

**  To  tlio  General  Court  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts  conven'J 
at  P>():^ton. 

**  The  Moraoriul  of  the  iDhabitants  of  the  Island  of  Xantucket  in  Town 
Meeting  AHscmJiled  iu  Slierbourn  the  2oth  of  Sepf.  1782,  Sheweth : 

'^Tluit  your  !iIeniorialist3  are  again  under  tlie  disagreeable  necessity  of 
craviu^f  your  serious  consideration  of  tlie  real  state  of  this  Island,  wliereby 
YOU  may  more  fully  enter  into  the  viev/s  of  those  who  are  frequently  cir- 
culatl'j'^  unfavourable  rt^ports  against  us,  which  for  want  of  due  attention  to 
the  many  peculiar  inconveniences  we  labour  under,  prevents  the  proper 
allowances  that  our  exposed  situation  demands,  which  in  the  end  may  not 
only  be  ruinous  to  us,  but  greatly  detrimental  to  the  Commonwealth  at  large.. 

'  Macr.  p.  1 16.  '  Petitions,  vol.  18S,  p.  121. 

VOL.  XXIZ.  13 


142  yaniuclcet  in  the  Hevolation.  [April, 

"  Circumstanc'd  as  we  are  in  tlie  course  of  Provi'lonce,  intirely  out  of  tlie 
line  of  protection  by  either  of  tbt^  powars  now  at  War,  wo  appreliend  justice 
&  good  policy  will  ever  dictate,  to  nourisli  &  cherish  rather  than  suli'er  to 
be  destroy 'd  a  people  (whoso  peculiar  Local  situation  ex[)0se9  them  to  many 
insults,  which  the  peacable  principles  of  some,  and  sound  policy  of  others, 
commaiids  them  to  conceal,  althouLjh  their  sei:.sibility  of  injuries  may  bo  as 
keen  as  otl'.er  mens),  who  perhaps  have  been,  &  jios.sibly  may  yet  be  as 
useful  to  the  community  at  lari;e,  as  any  part  of  its  body  of  equal  mai,'ni- 
tudo.  Our  Trials  have  been  many  and  severe :  frequently  sun  ounded  by 
hostile  invasions,  &  threatened  destruction,  Would  it  be  strange  if  in  the 
hour  of  distress,  the  powerful  influence  of  the  great  law  of  self-preservatioa 
should  lead  us  into  acts,  which  on  the  return  of  tranquility  and  cool  reflec- 
tion, we  could  not  fully  justify  ?  Yet  through  the  favour  of  superintending 
Pro\T[deiice,  our  greatest  Enemies  can  hardly  charge  us  with  any  material 
deviations  in  this  respect. 

"People  secured  by  internal  retreats,  or  surrounded  by  numerous  Iidiabi- 
tants,  ready  at  the  first  alarui  to  lend  protecting  aid,  may  have  but  faint 
Ideas  of  the  sutTerings  of  those  that  are  constantly  exposed  to  every  hostile 
Invader;  and  in  tlie  hour  of  distress  are  left  under  Providence  to  the  exer-. 
tion  only  of  their  own  skill  and  {)rudence  to  extricate  themselves  ;  and  every 
step  in  these  trying  moments  narrowly  watch'd  that  if  any  slip  should  be 
made,  or  little  foible  committed,  it  may  be  magnified  into  the  greatest  crime. 
We  therefore  hope  your  collective  "Wisdom  and  justice  will  unite  in  an  im- 
partial review  of  the  true  situation  &  circumstances  of  this  Island,  together 
with  the  gerieral  conduct  of  its  Inhabitants ;  considering  at  the  same  time, 
the  long  and  arduous  task,  we  have  had  to  pass  through,  &,  then  we  have 
no  doubt  it  will  meet  the  approbation,  of  the  cool  dispationate  and  judicious, 
and  lead  the  Court  into  the  reasonable  necessity  as  well  as  justice  to  relax 
in  some  measure  the  reins  of  Government  respecting  this  place.  We  have 
long  struggled  without  Expence  to  the  publick,  vt  we  have  no  doubt  v.ith 
that  incouragement  wliicb  we  have  reason  to  expect  we  may  still  conLinae 
&  have  an  existance,  without  any  burthen  to  the  Comraimity. 

"We  find  there  are  some  reports,  circulateil  on  the  Continent,  &  in  parti- 
cular in  the  Town  of  Boston,  charging  the  Iidiabitants  of  this  Tov/u  wita 
carrying  on  a  great  trade  to  ifc  from  New-York.  -:Vnd  least  such  reports 
should  reach  the  Legislative  body  of  this  Commonv/ealth,  «i;  that  we  mighc 
thereby  be  injured,  vre  think  it  our  dut}'  to  say :  That  notwithstanding  we 
can  as  a  Town  disclaim  every  Idea  of  the  charge,  as  no  Body,  or  Society  of 
men  can  or  ought  to  be  accountable  for  the  conduct  of  a  few  Individuals, 
especially  where  particular  Laws  are  in  force  to  prevent  it.  Nevertheless 
we  wish  not  to  avail  ourselves- even  of  thai,  right  in  this  particular  instance: 
for  although  the  charge  of  a  great  Trade  even  as  to  individuals  is  false ; 
Y''et  we  shall  not  presume  to  say  that  no  Trade  hath  been  carried  on  in  that 
channel,  but  we  can  say  we  believe  very  little  hath  been  done  by  the  In- 
habitants of  this  Island,  &  very  few  have  been  concerned  therein :  We 
have  good  reason  to  believe  that  the  principal  part  of  that  Trade'  Lath  been 

'  It  -was  a  notoriijus  fact  that  mtiriy  torics  mndc  Nantucket  a  place  of  refuge  when  hard 
pressed.  Nathaniel  Freeman,  Esq.,  the  vi^'ilant  iruardian  of  the  riirhts  of  the  colony 
thron;.,'hoat  the  counties  of  Barnst:il)lo,  Dukes  and  Nantutket,  in  his  letters  to  the  council 
inst;inces  several  who  have  gone  th-jrc  finni  the  Cape,  and  ur_^es  their  arrest.  In  no  one  of 
his  communications  does  he,  even  hj  inf>'raice.  deinjunce  the  i-landers,  and  surely  no  one 
away  from  the  isLmd  was  in  better  jjositinn  or  hcttcr  qnaliiiid  to  jiidirc  of  the  truth  of  these 
slanders  than  he.  He  speaks  of  somi- ^'r*- ids  !.>elr.i!u'in^'  to  t-iri' s  -tored  there,  and,  hy  his 
reeonimendaiion  I  think,  Banu-hiah  IJ-is-ett  was  sent  to  seize  theui,  but  no  bint  is  •^SG.i.  that 
the  inhabitants  of  Nantucket  are  therein  responsible. 


1875.]  2^oj7tuchet  in  the  lievobction.  143 

carried  onJ)y  persons  belongincr  tn  the  Continent,  ^rho  liave  made  this  the 
pass  \\;i;-  u.n-  thrlv  Gooils;,  in  which  the  Iiili:iljit:uit,s  have  not  been  conrcni'd 
but  are  injiin-(I  thereby,  yet  tliis  quantity  we  apprehend  is  but  a  small  portion 
that  the  reports  of  our  Enemies  have  su^j'/c-toil.     Vi'e  now  be"-  leave  to 
tlu-ow  a  few  liints  before  you  respecting  tiie  Whalefishery,  as  a  matter  of 
greitt  imiort.'iire  to  this  Commonweahh.     Tliis  i»lace  befoVe  the  AVar,  was 
llie  Fii-s!;  in  that  branch  of  business,  &  employed  more  tlian  One  Hundred 
Sail  of  good  Vessels  therein,  which  furnish'd  a  support  not  only  for  Five 
Thousand  Jnluibitants  here,  but  for  Thousands  elsewhere,  no  place  so  well 
adapted  for  the  good  of  the  Community  at  large  as  Nantucket,  it  being  desti- 
tute of  every  material  necessary  in  the  Business,  and  the  Inhabitants  might 
be  called  Factors  for  the  Continent  rather  than  Principals;  as  the  var  eu- 
creased  the  Fishery  ceased,  until  necessity  obliged  us  to  make  trial  the  last 
Ye;ir.  witli  about  seventeen  sail  of  Vessels,  Two  of  which  were  captured  &, 
carried  to   New-York,  &  one  was  burnt ;  the  others  made  saving  voyages. 
Ihe  present  Year  we  employed  about  Twenty  Four  sail  in  the  same  busi- 
ness, which  have  mostly  compleated  their  Voyages,  but  with  little  success  ; 
&  a  great  loss  will  ensue  :  this  we  apprehend  is  greatly  owing  to  the  circum- 
Ecril.ed  situation  of  the  Fishery:  we  are  now  fully  sensible  "that  it  can  no 
longer  be  pursued  by  us,  unless  wc  have  free  liberty  both  from  Great  Britain 
&  America  to  tls!.  without  interruption  :     As  we  now  find  One  of  our  A'es- 
pels  is  captured  &  carried  to  New-York,  but  without  any  Oil  on  board.  ;trid 
Two  others  have  latrdy  been  taken  &  carried  into  Boston  &  Salem,  under 
pretence  of  having  double  papers  on  board,'  (Nevertheless  we  presume  the 
captors  will  not  say  that  any  of  our  Whalemen  have  gone  into  New-York 
during  the  season  as  such  a  charge  would  have  no  foundation  in   Truth). 
And  if  due  attention  is  not  paid  to  this  valuable  branch,  which  if  it  was 
viewed  in  all  its  parts,  perhaps  would  appear  the  most  advantageous,  of  any 
possess'd  by  this  Government,  it  will  be  intirely  lost,  if  the  War  continues: 
We  view  it  with  regret  &  mention  it  with   concern.  &  from  the  gloomy 
prospect  now  before  us,  we  apprehend  many  of  the   Inhabitants  must  quiti 
the  Island,  not  being  able  even  to  provide  necessaries  for  the  approaching 
Winter:  some  will  retreat  to  the   Continent  &  set  down  in   the  Western 
Governments ;  and  the  most  active  in  the  Fishery  will  most  probably  go  to 
distant  Countries,  where  they  can  have  every  encouragement,  by  Nations 
whc  are  eagerly  wishing  to  embrace  so  favourable  an"  opportunity  to   ac- 
complish their  desires  ;  which  will  be  a  great  loss  to  the  Continent  in  general, 
but  much  more  to  this  Government  in  particular.     We  beg  leave  to  impress 
the  consideration  of  this  important  subject,  not  as  the  judgment  of  an  insig- 

e  „^f5°'"'l^"-^'"=  *^'-'  petition  or  memorial,  whicli  the  writer  iudires  was  mainly  the  work 
of  W  illium  Kotch,  is  the  following  document : 

"  Pcrhap--  some  of  tho^e  Reports  may  have  ori^xinated  from  this— a  Committoc  of  our 
isinna  1.1  ttie  torepart  of  rhe  year  17— applied  to' some  of  the  Members  of  tlio  General 
Court  iitiil  -proad  l..'f..re  them  the  peculiar  eircnm<tanocs  wlierein  t!ie  L-i:ind  wa^  involved, 
one  wlioiv.jt  wa^  that  our  Vessels  whenever  thev  pi^scl  in  or  out  w.rj  pirficriv  tKiiicr  the 
contn.i  ot  tlie  Bnrons,  and  it  was  therefore  necess.irv  that  pr-nnits  should  I.e  ohtiiined  froia 
tnem  l.ir  our  >  e^els  to  proceed  on  the  Whale  fisherv— since  wliich  some  of  thorn  have 
Dcen  taken  by  the  Amencan  Privateers  for  tiavincr  siuh  Permits— and  we  are  th.TPln-  re- 
duced to  this  (iitPcuIty  that  if  we  carry  our  Ves^efs  over  the  bar  withoi.t  pern.its  from  tiie 
lintisli  .\(hinral  they  are  made  prize  to  the  Britons— if  thev  have  such  permits  thev  are 
talcen  hy  utir  own  Countrymen- and  our  harbour  is  therefoi-c  compleatlv  sliut  np— and  all 
Gurpro.-pccts  t'>rmin;ite  in  pnvertv  and  distress— what  eivcs  us  creat  coucltu  ia  that  oi;r 
people  wlio  under.-tand  the  Wiiale  fi-hery  will  he  dvivLn  to  forci-a  neutral  Cnunrrics  and 
manv  years  must  pa.-s  away  I'tfore  we  siiall  a:;ain  he  enabled  to  jairstie  a  t.ramh  of  bu-inoss 
whKh  hath  f.een  in  times  past  our  support  aud  hath  yielded  euch  large  aids  to  tha  Com- 
merce ot  this  Country." 


1-14  I^antuclcet  in  the  Ilevolution.  [April, 

nificaut  few,  but  of  a  Town  which  a  few  Years  since  stoofl  the  Third  iu 
Kank  (if  we  mistiike  not)  in  Ijoaring  the  15urth(jiis  of  Oovernmont:'  II  was 
then  prosperous  and  abundant  with  plenty,  it  is  yet  jjopulous  but  is  covciod 
■with  poverty. 

"  Your  IMenioriali>ts  liave  made  choifo  of  Samuel  Starbui^k,  Josiuh  Barker, 
"^^^illiam  Kotth,  Stcph.-n  llussoy  ami  Tiiuotliy  Folder,  as  their  Committee 
■who  c-.m  speak  more  lully  to  the  several  matters  contain'd  in  this  Memorial. 
or  any  other  thin^'  that  may  concern  this  County,  to  whom  we  desire  to 
jefer  you. 

Signed  in  belialf  of  tlic  Town  by 

Frudkuicic  Folger,  Town  Clerk." 

The  representations  of  the  coinmittcc  produced  a  good  effect,  and 
the  comniittce  appointed  by  the  legislature  to  conijider  the  memorial 
(George  Cabot,  Esq.,  of  the  senate,  and  Gen.  Ward  and  Col. 
McCobb  of  the  house),  made  the  followhig  recommendation.' 

"The  Committee  of  both  ITouses,  appointed  to  consiiler  the  Memorial  of 
.the  Inhabitants  of  the  Island  of  Nantucket  and  report  what  may  be  proper 
to  be  done  thereon,  have  attende<l  that  service  and  be;j;  leave  to  report : 
That  aliho'  tlie  Facts  set  forth  in  said  Memorial  are  true  and  the  Memorial- 
ioLs  descive  Relief  iu  tiie  i-'remiscs,  yet  ;is  no  aderjuate  Kelief  can  be  given 
them  but  by  the  United  States  in  CouLrress  asseml>led,  therefore  it  is  the 
opinio.'!  oT  the  Committoe  that  the  sai<l  Memorial  be  referred  to  the  con- 
sideration of  Congre.ss,  and  the  Delec:;ates  of  this  Commonwealth  be  required 
to  use  their  Endeavours  to  impress  Congress  with  just  Ideas  of  the  high 
■worth  ifc  Importance  of  the  Whale  fishery  to  the  United  States  in  general  & 
this  State  in  particular. 

pr  Order  George  Cabot." 

"William  Eotch  and  Samuel  Starbuck  were  also  sent  to  Phila- 
delphia to  help  secure  the  fiworable  action  of  congress,  and  arrived 
there  in  mid-'winter.  One  of  the  ^Massachusetts  members  to  whom 
thej  applied  was  greatly  prejudiced  against  them,^  and  Mr.  Rotch 
conversed  for  two  hours  witli  him  apparently  without  effect.  At  last 
he  a-ked  him,  "Is  the  Whale  Fishery  w'orth  preserving  to  this 
Country?"  "Yes."  "Can  it  be  preserved  in  the  present  state  of 
things  by  any  place  except  Xantucket?*'  "Xo."  "Can  we  preserve 
it  unless  you  and  the  British  will  both  give  us  Permits?"  "X'o." 
"  Then,  pray,  where  is  the  difhculty  ?  "     And  thus  the  interview  was 

^  Dnritiffthe  year  17S0,  in  addition  to  taxes  tlic  following  roqui.sition  was  made  by  the 
:state  on  Nantucket:  111  prs.  rarh  of  .'^lioc.'*,  stncldn,--  iimi  •■liirt^i  ond  oo  bLankets";  also 
77,3-52  Ihs.  of  beef.  And  in  17S1  for  SS  pr-.  tadi  nf  -l:o(-;,  htockin^s  and  shirts  and  44 
bhxnkccs;  uiso  '20,973  I'os.  of  Lecf.  And  this  Wiw  dnnvn  from  an  already  impoverished 
tow-n. 

-  This  recommendarion  •^as  adopted  arid  tho  dolcirritc;  woro  ?o  instmotcJ.  At  this  point 
it  may  be  proper  to  sav  that  apparently  few  of  our  stLit''<mnn  of  tliat  period  save  those  from 
Is'ew-Encrland  seemed  to  nr^preciate  riie  iiiiport;uKt'  of  tlii-;  bu-ine-s  to  the  country,  and 
cenainly  none  of  oar  diplomati-fs  concerned  in  tlie  trenty  of  poace,  save  .John  Adams,  ap- 
peared equal  to  the  siruation  in  this  rei:ard.»  Tlnd  they  tiecn  this  would  have  been,  as  Mr. 
Adams  strenuously  urced,  an  nUimatum  ;'.n<l  much  ill  feelinu'  and  expense  saved,  and  the 
United  States  have'extended  from  the  Gulf  of  3Iexico  to  the  Arctic  Ocean. 

'  Memoranda  of  William  Rotch. 

*  See  "  'SVorks  of  John  Adams,"  particnlarlv  vol.  vMi,  In  a  letter  to  Mr.  Ad.ims,  Jan.  12, 
178f),  J;imes  Bowdoin  esliinatoi  the  avcn>.jo  annual  valuo  oi  oil  msported  by  Nantucket  at 
flOoWO. 


1875.]  I^antuchet  in  tlif:,  Itcvolutlon.  145 

terminated.  ISfcssiv.  Hotch  and  Starbuck  then  drew  up  a  memorial , 
and  this  same  nicnibcr  presented  it  to  congress,  the  cllect  bcln^":  ro 
obtain  a  grant  of  thirty-five  permits.  The  next  day  a  vessel  brought 
tlie  riuuor  of  the  Provi.sional  Treaty  of  Peace  luiving  been  sigiicd. 

Jiiit  the  trouljles  of  Xantueket  brought  on  by  the  war  did  not  end 
^vith  it.  Englaiid,  the  only  market  of  consc([uence  for  sperm  ui), 
was  now  practicidly  closed  by  the  alien  duty  of  £18  per  ton  i»h'iecd 
upon  it  by  the  Knglish  government.  The  whaling  tleet  was  rechircd 
to  tlie  merest  tritle  of  its  former  greatness,  in  fact  nearly  annihilated. 
One  hundred  and  thirty-four  vessels  had  been  captured  and  tiireeii 
wrecked  of  the  little  over  one  hundred  and  fifty  which  belonged  to 
the  island  in  1775.  ]More  than  10,000  tons  of  ship{)ing  had  fallen 
into  the  hands  of  the  English  cruisers  :  vessels  manned  by  the  bone 
and  sinew  of  the  island,  young  men,  from  the  richest  as  well  as  the 
poorest  families,  who  felt  in  all  their  keenness  the  rigors  aiid  horrors 
of  IJritish  prisons  and  British  prison-ships.  Some  of  our  islanders 
entered  the  service  of  the  state,  but  it  would  be  quite  impos.-«ible  to 
tell  how  many.*  In  about  800  fannlies  on  the  island  there  VvX-re  202 
widows  and  o42  orphan  children.  The  direct  monev  loss  exceeded 
$1,UOO,000  in  days  when  a  man's  pay  was  sixty-seven  cents  per  dav  ; 
^Ir.  liOtch  alone  lost  over  $60,000  !  Many  of  the  heaviest  wh.aling 
merchants  felt  compelled  to  remove  to  England  and  France,  and 
pursue  their  calling  where  it  was  remunerative.  Paying  their  taxes 
and  requisitions  uncomplainingly  so  long  as  their  ability  so  to  do 
existed,  the  end  of  the  war  found  them  completely  impoverished, 
their  occupation  gone  and  their  recuperative  force  almost  paralyzed. 
Thus  was  Xantucket.  Before  the  war  wealthy  and  prosperous,  after 
it  impoverished  and  despairing ;  before  the  war  pointed  out  for  tlieir 
thrift  and  daring  and  skill,  after  it  scarcely  any  "  so  poor  to  do  them 
reverence;"  before  the  war  with  an  active,  hardy  population,  after 
it  with  a  terribly  large  proportion  of  husbandless  women  and  father- 
less children.  All  this  had  they  borne,  and  borne  in  silence,  accept- 
ing the  bitter  cup  as  their  offering  on  the  altar  of  freedom,  hiid  the 
tongue  of  slander  held  its  peace.  AVhen  assailed  and  outraged  b-y 
their  enemaes  they  hurled  back  with  indignation  and  contempt  the 
falsehoods  of  their  defamers,  but  when  to  these  were  added  the  doubt- 
ings  of  their  friends  they  could  only  cry  out  in  the  agony  of  their 
hearts,  "And  thou,  too,  O  Brutus  I" 

'  The  XantncuCt  Inqnirer  cf  Julr  22,  IS-'iO,  says  tint  when  John  Paul  Jones  c^p^arc(l 
the  S'jrapis,  midsLipmnn  P>,eubcn  Clu\se  with  other  i> antui  ki-t  nvni  was  in  the  fierce  en- 
counter witii  him.  Chase  wa^  at'tcrward  appointed  to  take  one  of  the  sul'seqiient  nri/.i  s  into 
Orient,  France.  This  rridshinman  Cha'^o  was  over  six  fcer  in  height,  athlcii.-',  poy.cri'iil  and 
courageous,  and  formed  the  s'uhjcet  of  Cooper's  "  Long  Tom  Cofhn  "  in  "  Tlie  Tiiot."  Tdo 
privateer  Saucy  Hound  (>;iTit.  Inq.  July  13,  !8JS),  manned  mostly,  if  not  entirely,  by 
Nantucket  seamen,  sailed  from  the  I^ar  in  the  sprin:;  of  17S1  in  the  service  of  the  colonies. 
Instances  micrht  be  multiplied  showin:^  that  a  hirgc  number  of  the  islanders  served  their 
country  mo^t  sallantly  in  the  hour  of  l»er  need. 

Since  writinir  this  artieic,  I  have  learned  that  aXantnebet  man  was  at  one  time  in  com- 
mand of  the  privjteer  Gen.  Armslronir.  On  the  armed  hriir:!uiine  Lucy,  Willi.xm  Rams- 
dell  of  Nuntu.'ket  was  mate,  and  ei'Jrht  of  the  crew  were  Nautucket  men.  Boyoad  a  doubt 
thii  list  c;m  be  very  greatly  increased. 

TOL.  2XII.  13* 


146  3Iarriages  in  West  Springfield,  177-1-9C.  [April, 


MAERTAGES  IX  WEST  SITJXOFIELD,  1774-96. 

Conrribiued  by  Lymax  II.  Bago,  of  West  Springfield. 
(Concluded  from  p.  59.) 

TriE  Intentions  of  ^larriacje  between  William  Ingraham  of  West  Spring- 
field and  Kleanor  Farnam  of  Nortlianiptou  wlto  entered  October  14'^  177'J. 

Thomas  Bolter  Jan'"  late  of  Boston  &  AVid"  Parthenia  Smith  late  of 
New  Haven  were  joined  toijcthcr  in  I\Iarriai,a'  Oct':   21  1779. 

Thomas  Eurbank  of  Spritiglield  &  Elizabeth  IliL^'^ins  of  West  Spring- 
field were  joined  together  in  ^larriage  Oct'  18'"  1770. 

The  Intentions  of  ^Marriage  between  Timothy  IJurl)ank  of  "West  Spring- 
field &  Hannah  Ripley  of  Windham  were  entered  Nov'  18'^  &;  published 
Nov^  20"^  1779. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Aaron  Jones  of  Dummerstown  &  Sybil 
Taylor  of  West  Springfield  were  entered  Dec'  17:  1779  &  published  the 
same  Day. 

The  Iilteniions  of  Marriage  between  Earl  Bancroft  &  Roxavana  Stiles 
both  of  West  Spriuglield  were  entered  &  published  Jan'-'  15"^  1780. 

The  Intentions  of  3Iarriage  between  Oliver  Leonard  &;  Wid^  Lois  Gran- 
ger both  of  West  Springfield  were  entered  &  pulilished  Jau'^  22,  1780, 
And  joined  together  in  ^Marriage  February  4"',  1780. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Dr.  Samuel  Cooper  of  West  Spring- 
field &  ]Mr3.  Martha  Grainger  of  Sullield  were  entered  &  published  Feb'^ 
19"-':  1780. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  David  Rogers  &  Sarah  Champion 
both  of  West  Springfield  were  entered  Feb'^  2G'"  1780  &  published  the 
eame  Day. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Ashl)el  Fox  of  Hartford  &  Jemi- 
mah  Osborn  of  West  Springtield  were  entered  Feb'^  25'^  1780  &  published 
the  same  Day. 

The  InteatJons  of  Marriage  between  John  P  'imbs  of  Middletown  &, 
Mary  Richards  of  We^t  Si)ringtield  were  entered  Feb'^'  2G'''  1780  &  pub- 
lished the  same  Day. 

Oliver  Leonard  &  Lois  Grainger  were  joined  together  in  Marriage 
Febry  U'^  1780. 

Isaac  Xesvton  of  Greenfield  &:  Esther  Hopkins  of  West  Springfield  were 
joined  together  in  Marriage  T^Iarch  2,  1779. 

Jacob  Chapin  &  Rnth  I'edortha  of  West  Sj-ringtield  were  joined  to- 
gether in  Marriage  July  29,  1779. 

David  Rollers  &  Sarah  Champion  were  joined  together  in  Marriage 
March  29''^  1780. 

Ashbel  Fox  of  Hartford  i^  Jemimah  Osborn  of  West  Springfield  were 
joined  togeilier  in  Ma.rriage  March  31,  17si.>. 

Henry  Soelter  &  Sal)ra  Leonard  both  of  West  Springfield  were  joined 
together  in  Marriage  May  I'b'''  1780. 

The  Intentions  of  Jfarriage  between  David  Grainger  of  Sandisfield  & 
Abi  Leonard  of  West  Springlidd  were  entered  June  10,  1780. 

The  Intentions  of  Marrin^e  between  Ja<lah  Bugu  &  Anna  Roberts  both 
.of  West  Springfield  were  entered  di:  published  July  29, 1780,   [M.  Aug.  31.1 


1875.]         Marriages  in  West  Springfield,  1774-96.  147 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Isaac  Ricliardson  &  Rebceca 

both  of  West  Spriri^fu'lii  were  entered  &  publiihed  October  7,  178". 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  AVilliam  IMcEntire  6c  Sarah  Leonard 
botii  of  West  Spriri^ileld  were  entt-red  &  published  April  15,  17S0. 

Tlie  Intention:;  of  Murriar^e  between  Justin  Grainger  &  Hannah  Shale 
[both  of  ^\'est  Springtield  ?J  were  entcrd  and  published  A[)ril 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Henry  Soelter&  [Sabra?]  Leonard 
both  of  West  Sprini^^lield  were  entered  &  published  29  April,  M^\). 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  John  liancroft  of  West  Spriii::fu;Id 
&  Lncy in  of  Entield  were  entered  &  pulilished  !May  0,  17S0. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  John  Ely  of  West  Springfield  6c 
Abigal  Cha[)in  of  Springfield  were  entered  &  published  INIay  i;j,  176'). 

Valentine  Worthy  of  Taunton  in  Great  ]^>ritaiu  &  Tliankful  Tayier  of 
West  S[)rinf;^leld  their  Intentions  of  Marriage  were  entered  &  puljlioiud 
Oeto'  11,  1780.     [31.  Nov.  2.] 

John  Terry  &  Mary  Hendrick  both  of  West  Springfield  their  Inten- 
tions of  Marriage  were  entered  ifc  pidjllshed  October  14.  1780. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Mosesj  Field  Junior  of  Springfield 
&  Lydia  Cliampion  of  We^^t  Sprini^field  were  entered  and  published  Octo- 
ber 28,  1780. 

Judah  Ixigg  <i.  Anna  Roberts  both  of  West  Springfield  were  joined 
together  in  3Iarriage  August  31,  1780. 

Valentine  Wortliy  of  Taunton  &  Thankful  Taylor  of  AVest  Springfield 
were  joined  together  in  JMarriage  Nov'  2,  1780. 

The  Intentions  of  ^Marriage  between  Samuel  Smith  &  Eunice  Tayier 
were  entered  &  published  Nov'  4,  1780. 

The  intentions  of  Marriage  between  Moses  Spear  Junior  of  Suffield  6c 
Penelope  Phillips  of  West  "Spriugfield  were  entred  tL-  published  Novem- 
ber 1780. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Deacon  Joseph  Mirrick  of  West 
Springfield  &  Mrs.  Mary  Root  of  W^estfield  were  entred  &  published 
25"^  Nov'  1780. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Simeon  Morgan  &  Elizabeth 
Farnam  both  of  West  Springfield  were  entred  &  published  Dee.  2J, 
1780. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  John  Beach  of  West  Springfield  iL- 
Mrs.  Susanna  Hancock  of  Springfield  were  entred  &  published  i!"^  Fe'uru- 
ary,  1781. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  .Tared  Smith  &  Lynda  Ashley  both 
of  West  Springfield  were  entred  &  published  25  February  1781."'  [M. 
April  5.] 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  John  Worthington  &  ]Mary  Stan- 
nard  both  of  West  Springfield  were  entred  &  published  1"  April  178L 
Certificate  not  paid  for. 

The  Intentions  of  ilarriage  between  INIr.  Daniel  jNIorgan  Junior  6c  :Mr>. 
Abigal  Jones,  both  of  West  Springfield  were  entred  6c  published  G  May 
1781. 

The  intentions  of  Marriage  between  Mr.  James  Upham  ^L-  ^l^.Irs.  Eliza- 
beth Sa.-geaut  both  of  West  Spriu<rfield  were  entred  6c  published  13  ^Mav 
1781. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Mr.  Tho'  Parker  of  Southwick  &; 
Miss  Rebeekah  Leonard  of  West  Springfield  were  entred  it  published 
3  June  1781. 


148  Marriages  in  West  Sprinrjfield,  1774-9G.  [April, 

The  Intentions  of  ^rarrincre  between  I\Ir.  Jamr-s  Waicl  &  I^riss  PoPy  Up- 
hani  both  of  AVesl  Sprlni: field  were  entered  ami  piiblished  June  1<)''"  1781. 

The  Intention  of  M:irriai:e  between  Mr.  IMene  Loomiss  &  IMiss  Louisa 
Stephenson  both  of  West  Snringtlnld  were  ontore'l  &  pnblisli'*  June  10'*'  1781. 

The  Litention  of  ]\Iarri:ic:e  between  Samuel  Smith  cf  "West  Sprin'^field 
&  Nabby  Warrier  of  Vv'e';tfield  were  entered  &:  piilili.shed  17th  June  1  781. 

The  intentions  of  3Iarna'A0  between  Mr.  Jolm  Farnani  Junior  &  Miss 
Sarissa  Chapin  both  of  "SVest  Springfield  were  entered  &  published  June  21, 
1781. 

The  Intentions  of  IVrirriaixe  between  IVIr.  .Tohu  Eglestone  &  INIiss  Sarah 
Stannardboth  of  West  Springtield  were  entered  c^  published  Au^oist  d'""  17.S1. 

The  Inte!!tions  of  Marriai^^e  between  Doctor  Timothy  Horton  &  Miss 
Triphena  White  l)Othof  West  Springfield  were  (Mitered  &  published  21  Sep- 
tember, 1781.     [M.  Nov.  22.] 

The  Intentions  of  Marriaire  between  Mr.  Elijah  Cooper  tt  I'vliss  Abicet 
Leonard  both  of  "West  Springfield  were  ente-red  <.<;  pul)lished  October  r>,  1781. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  IsU.  Arabet  Leonard  &  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Leonard,  both  of  West  Springfield  were  entred  &  published  Octo- 
ber 13,  1781. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Mr.  Nathaniel  Eaton  &  IMiss  IMary 
TTent  both  of  West  Spriugdlld  wore  entred  &  published  13  October  17.sl. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  ]Mr.  Naihaidel  ISIorgan  &  Miss 
Ruth  Taylor  both  of  West  Springfield  were  entered  vt  published  27"^  Oc- 
tober, 1781. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Mr.  Samuel  Felt  &  iMiss  Abigail 
Miller  both  of  West  S{)rin^ield  were  entred  »!c  publiJied  24  November  178^1. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Mr.  Ste[.hen  Vv'orihiugton  of  "West 
Sprincrfield  and  ^Ilss  Sarah  Rogers  of  South  lirimfield  were  entred  & 
published  24  Nov'  1781. 

Moses  Field  cf  Springfield  &  Lydia  Champion  of  West  Springfield  were 
joined  torrather  in  Marriage  Nov.  23,  1780. 

Joan  Teny  &  Mary  Hendrick  both  of  West  Springfield  were  joined 
togather  in  Marria^re  Nov'  28,  1780. 

Samuel  Smith  &  Eunice  Tayler  both  of  West  Springfield  were  joined 
togather  in  ^Marriage  November  28,  1780. 

Ja  ed  Smith  &  Lydia  Ashley  both  of  West  Springfield  were  joined  to- 
gather in  Marriage  April  5,  1781. 

Doc'  Timothy ^ilorton  &  Miss  Triphena  White  both  of  West  Springfield 
were  joined  tocrather  in  Marriaixe  Novl  22,  1781. 

Nathani,-!  Morgan  aad  Ruth  Tayler  both  of  West  Springfield  were 
joined  in  Marriage  November  2'J"'  1781. 

The  Intentions  of  ]\Larrtage  between  Mr.  Simeon  Smith  Jun'  and  Miss 
Mary  Colton  both  of  West  Springfield  were  entered  and  published  29  De- 
cember 1781.     [M.  Jan.  14.] 

The  Intentions  of  JMarriage  between  "Sir.  Reuben  Champion  &  Mrs, 
Silena  Ely  bofn  of  West  Springfield  were  entred  and  published  23'''  Feb- 
ruary 1782.     [M.  March  28.] 

The  Intentions  of  ^farriage  between  i\Ir.  John  T^Iilier  Jun^  of  West  Spring- 
field and  ]Mis3  Elizabeth  Douglass  of  New  London  were  entered  and  pub- 
lished April  21,  1782. 

The  Intentions  of  ?.Iarriage  between  jNIr.  George  Blake  of  West  Spring- 
field and  Miss  Iluldah  Leonard  of  West  Springfield  were  entered  May  31 
d;  published  June  2,  1782.     [M.  Aug.  1.] 


1875.]         Marriages  in  West  jSpringficId,  1774-96.  149 

The  Intentions  of  !MarrIngc  between  Mr.  Amaziab  Sanderson  of  Spring- 
fiokl  and  Mi>3  Franix-s  Combs  of  West  Springfield  were  entered  &  jiub- 
lisbe<l  June  9%  1782.     [M.  Juno  2G.] 

The  Intentions  of  ninrri^v.r^  b.:'tn''^i>n  Oibb  D;iy  of  Wost  Sprinijfield  and 
Rebekah  Waid  of  Sourhwick  were  entered  and  published  Juno  IG""  1782. 

Simeon  Smith  &  M-.vy  ColtOQ  both  of  West  Springfield  were  joined  in 
Marriage  January  14'''  i7o2. 

Reuben  Chara|)ion  (S:  Silence  Ely  both  of  West  Springfield  were  joined 
in  jMarriage  Ddarch  28,  1782. 

Aniaziah  Sanderson  of  Springfield  &  Frances  Combs  of  West  Spring- 
field were  joiufd  in  ^larriage  .June  2G'''  1782. 

George  lUdce  &  Iluldah  Leonard  both  of  West  Springfield  were  joined 
in  ^Marriage  August  1st  1782. 

The  IiitentitMis  of  INIarriage  between  Jedidiah  Day  &  Ilepzibah  Chapin 
Miller,  botli  of  West  Spriugiield  were  entered  Aug*  G""  1782  and  published 
the  n"'  following. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Joel  Day  jun'  and  Lucretia  Day 
both  of  West  Springfield  were  entered  August  I'J,  1782,  and  published  the 
24'"  of  the  same  Mouth. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  John  Morley  of  Westfield  and 
Elizahc-th  Komington  of  West  Springfield  were  entered  &  published  Au- 
gust 24"^  1782. 

The  Intentions  of  iNIarriage  between  Joseph  Felt  of  West  Springfield 
&:  Sarah  Ilill  of  Enfield  were  entered  Septem.  24  &:  published  the  28'''  1782. 

Tlie  Intentions  of  ^Marriage  between  Phiuehas  Leonard  and  Sybil  Leo- 
naril  both  of  Wt.  Springfield  were  entered  Septem  26'"^  &  published  the 
2S'M7S2. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  John  Legg  of  Northampton  & 
Hannah  Morgan  of  West  Springfield,  were  entered  isovem"'  29'*^  1782  and 
published  Decern'  1st  following. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Stephen  Miller  of  Wt.  Springfield 
and  Molley  Kellogg  of  Westfield  were  entered  Novem'  30"^  &  published 
Decern'  1"  1782. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  of  Darius  Wright  and  Lovice  Taylor  both 
of  West  Springfield  was  entered  Dec.  5'''  &  published  the  8'^  1782. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Noah  Warner  and  Mary  Power 
both  of  West  Springfield  were  entered  and  published  Decern'  S"',  1782. 

The  Intentions  of  IMarriage  between  Samuel  Mclntier  and  Mary  King 
both  of  We^^t  Springfield  were  entered  Dec'  14"^  and  published  the  l.'>'^  17H2. 

Th'  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Dirick  Van  Home  &  Eachel  Bart- 
let  both  of  West  Springfield  were  entered  Decern'  28'^  &  published  the 
20'^  1782. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Asahel  Kent  &  Sarah  Leonard 
both  of  Wt  Sjiringfield  were  entered  January  IG'^^ct  publishe<l  the  lO'-*^  1783. 

The  Intentions  of  ^larriage  between  Justus  Loomis  of  West  Springfield 
&  ^lary  Borne  of  Middletown  were  entered  Jan^  18"*  &  published  the'lO"* 
1783. 

The  Intentions  of  Jlarriage  between  Ezekiel  Leonard  and  Rlioda  Sex- 
ton both  of  Wt.  Sprinrrfield  were  entered  and  published  Feb^  IG"'  1783. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Ely  Mclntire  of  Wt.  Springfield  & 
Diana  Robinson  of  Granville  were  entered  &  published  3Iarch  IG  1783. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Isaac  Cooley  &  Abigail  Gotte  both 
of  Wt.  Springfield  were  entered  and  published  March  16,  1783. 


150  Marriages  in  West  Sprhigfield,  1774-06.         [April, 

The  Intentions  of  Marriaoje  between  lienjaniin  "Ball  &  Sarah  Kent  both 
of  AVt.  Sprinsrrield  were  entered  and  pulili.ljcd  iMan-Ii  IG  17^;5. 

The  Intentions  of  iAfnrriai^e  between  Klisha  rarnani  and  Thankfiill  Day 
both  of  West  Sprin,i,rfi,;ld  were  entered  &  published  IMarch  2;J'',  17.s;3. 

The  Intentions  of  rvLirriaiit-  bulweun  Uriah  Looniis  of  West  Spriu^fioM 
&  Surah  Shelden  of  West  Suilield  were  entered  &  puljliahed  May  4"'  h.-ilL 

Rev.  Mr.  Griswold's  Iieturn  of  Marriages. 

Tho'  James  Douglas  &  Temperance  I'almer  both  of  West  Springfield 
were  joined  together  in  ^Marriage  May  8"'  1774.  ° 

Benjamin  Wait  <fc  Sarah  Elmer  both  of  West  Springfield  were  joined 
together  in  Marriage  September  22''  1774. 

^    Noah  Lancktou  &  :\rehitabel  Shepherd  both  of  West  Springfield  were 
joined  togathcr  in  Marriage  January  6'''  177o. 

Jehiel  Hamlin  of  Kinderhook  &  Jerusha  Seldeu  of  West  Springfield 
were  jomed  in  Marriage  January  12"'  177o. 

Joseph  White  ci-  Sarah  Leonard  both  of  West  Springfield  were  joined 
together  in  Marriage  April  3''  1775. 

Mr.  Eliphalet  Leonard  of  West  Springfield  and  Sirs.  Mary  Pierpont  of 
Brookh-n  were  joined  together  in  Marriage  June  1"  1775. 
^    ThuLuiis  Shattuck  ife  Asenath  Winchef  both   of  West  SpriD<Tfield  were 
joined  t^'gether  in  Marriage  September  21,  1775.  '^ 

Klias  Leonard  &  Su,:xnna  Selden  both  of  West  Springfield  were  joined 
together  in  Marriage  November  2'^  1775. 

^  ^Elijah  Edgardon  of  Westfield  &   Mary  Elmer  of  West  Sprincrfield  were 
joined  together  in  Marriage  March  ll"'"l776.  * 

John  Killum  &  Hannah  Loomis  both  of  West  Springfield  were  ioined 
together  in  Marriage  April  11'"  1776. 

^  _Moses  Adams  Junior  &   Roxana  Kent  both  of  West  Sprinofield  were 
joined  together  in  Marriage  December  18"^  1777.  * 

Jacob  Day  and  Abigail  Leonard  both  of  West  Springfield  were  ioined 
together  in  Marriage  August  20"^  1778. 

Solomon  Cooley  of  Ludlow  &  Lucy  Stephenson  of  West  Sprinrrfield 
were  jomed  together  in  Marriage  October  1"  1778.  ° 

Moses  Adams  &  Zilpah  Elmer  both  of  West  Springfield  were  joined 
together  in  Marriage  February  11'^  1779. 

Walter  Bagg  &  Nancy  Granger  both  of  West  Springfield  were  joined  to- 
gether in  JNIarriage  June  17'"  1779. 

Earl  Bancroft  i^-  Roxana  Stiles  both  of  West  Springfield  were  ioined 
together  in  jMarriage  February  24'"  1780. 

William  Mclntier  &  Sarah  Leonard  both  of  Wt  Springfield  were  joined 
together  in  Marriage  SLiy  3'*  1780. 

Justin  Granger  &  Hannah  Shaler  both  of  West  Springfield  were  joined 
together  in. marriage  May  25"'  1780. 

_    John  Bancroft  of  West  Springfield  &  Lucy  Fairman  of  Enfield  were 
joined  together  in  Marriage  j\Iay"25"'  1780. 

Moses  Spear  Jim' of  Suffiehr&  Penelope  Philips  of  West  Sprin<rfield 
were  joined  together  in  Marriage  December  6"*  1780.  * 

^    Simeon  Morgan   &   Elizabeth  Farnara   both   of  West  Springfield  were 
joined  together  in  Marriage  January  18"'  1781.  ° 

^    Albert  Leonard  &  Elizabeth  Leonard  both  of  West  Sprin-^field  were 
jomed  m  Maniage  November  7'"  1781.  ° 


1875.]  Marriages  in  West  Sprinrjfield^  1774-9G.  151 

Elijah  Cooper  &  Abiali  Leonard  both  of  West  Springfield  were  joined 
torrcther  in  ^farringe  January  8"*  178"2. 

Thomas  ^lorly  of  Wcstlield  &  Elizabeth  Keminf^'ton  of  West  Spriug- 
ficM  were  joined  tnrrpthor  in  iMarriage  Novembor  If''  1782. 

Phiuelias  Leonard  ik  SyV'il  Leonard  both  of  ^\'est  Springfield  were  joined 
together  in  Marriage  Xovcinber  "21,  1782. 

SaniUtl  rdolut.  ir  ik  IMary  Xing  both  of  West  Springfield  were  joined 
together  in  Marriage  January  2"^,  178.j. 

Tlie  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Solomon  IMiller  Jim'  and  Ireno 
Minor  bolli  of  West  Springfield  were  entered  and  published  May  'IV^''  1783. 

Tlic.  Intentions  of  INIarriage  between  Roger  Cooley  Juu"'  ik,  JIuldah  Ely 
both  of  Wc5t  SpringfiL-ld  were  entered  and  published  May  21-''*  178^. 

The  Intentions  of  ^larriage  between  Simeon  Ely  •Tun''  ».<;  3Iargaret  .Smith 
both  of  West  Springfield  were  entered  July  2-3"'  &  publisheil  the  2(;"'  1783. 

The  lutimtiun.s  of  ^Marriage  between  .Josiah  Ivellog  of  South  Iladly 
&  .Jerushu  Taylor  of  Chicopee  Parish  in  ^\'e5t  Springfield  were  entered  and 
published  August  first  1783. 

The  intentions  of  jMarriage  between  Oliver  Bagg  and  Tryphena  Day 
both  of  West  Springfield  were  entered  August  12"'  A;  jmblished   17""  1783. 

The  lutoutions  of  ^Marriage  between  Joseph  Howard  and  Eunice  Car- 
rier l)oth  of  "West  Sprin^rfield  was  entered  Oef  4"'  and  published  the  fifth 
17s;?. 

The  Intentions  of  jMarrir.go  between  Ivir.g  Moor  of  Southwici:  &  Ivc- 
becca  ^Mitchell  of  "West  Springfield  was  entered  October  the  14"^  and  pub- 
lished the  i;)-\  1783. 

The  Intentions  of  jNIarriage  between  Mr.  John  Lankton  of  West  Spring- 
field &  Mrs.  Eliz*  Cornish  of  Simsbury  was  entered  Oct**  17^''  &  published 
ye  I'J'i'  1783. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Capt°  Moses  Field  of  Springfield 
&  Mrs,  Lydia  Champion  of  West  Springfield  was  entered  Oct"  21  &  pub- 
lished on  the  2G'''  1783. 

Julius  Appleton  &  Nancy  [Crane?]  both  of  West  Springfield  the  In- 
tentions of  ^larriage  between  them  were  entered  October  24:  and  published 
the  2o"^  1783. 

Ti'.e  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Hezekiah  Warriner  Jun''  &  Ka- 
thcrine  Leonard  both  of  West  Springfield  were  entered  Novemb"'  O'*"  &  pub- 
ILslied  the  10"^  1783. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Mr  Stephen  Miller  of  West  Spring- 
fiel.l  &  Mrs.  Sarah  Taylor  of  s**  Town  were  entered  November  21"  &  pub- 
Ii.->!!.>d  Nov'  23',  1783. 

Jus.^ph  Carrier  &  Irena  Howard  both  of  West  Springfield  the  Intentions 
of  Marriage  between  them  was  entered  Dec''  4^^  and  pubhshed. 

1  he  LitPiitions  of  Marriage  between  John  Perry  and  Anna  Taylor 
bofli  of  West  Springfield  were  entered  Decem"'  13'*'  and  published  the 
U"'  17S3. 

The  Intentions  of  ^Marriage  between  Samuel  Alvard  and  Hannah  Day 
both  of  West  S])ringfield  were  entered  January  2-4  and  published  the  25, 
1781. 

Benjamin  Ball  &  Sarah  Kent  both  of  West  Springfield  were  joined  in 
Marriage  April  2-4,  1783. 

_    Uriah  Loomis  of  West  Springfield  &   Sarah   Sheldon   of  Suffield  were 
joined  in  [Marriage  May  20,  1783. 

ITie  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Timothy  Flower  of  West  Sprbg- 


152  -^farriages  171  JFcst  Sjmiigjield,  1114r-dG.        [April, 

field  cl-  Hanuah  Spencer  of  Somcrs  wero  enterea  March  C"'  and  published 
the  7""  1784.  '■ 

The  Intentions  of  I\rarria;40  between  Paul  Chapin  of  Sprin'^firld  & 
Clarissa  Kilkum  of  West  Springfield  were  entered  May  21  ^  loublished 
May  •2-2,  17al:. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Jonatlian  Felt  and  Jemima  Allen 
both  of  \V  est  Springfuld  was  entered  July  1(V"  .^  published  the  18'^  1784. 

Ihe  Intenuons  of  :\iarriage  between  ikMKijah  Jiracket  &  Loi-s  Tuttle 
both  of  West  Springfield  were  entered  July  15"'  <ic  published  the  IS'*" 
1/84.  '■ 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  lliaddeus  Leonard  &  Mary  Leo- 
nard both  of  Wt  Springfield  wt-re  entered  July  24'"  &  published  the  2.3'- 

Persis  Daughter  of  Lt.  [Nath'?]    Chaphi   &    Mrs.  Bathsbeba  Chapin 
was  born  May  14,  1784. 
k  'y^'^/^^<^"'^'<^'^s  of  I\rarriage  between  r.enjamin  Aldrich  &  Svbil  INIorlev 

■    ;2o .  ^^^  Springfield  were  entered  August  20"^-  &  published  the  22<^ 

1/84.  o  I 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Abijah  Owen'of  Westfield  &  Miri- 
am Lrooks  of  ^vest  Springfield  were  entered  Sept.  30'^  &  published  Oct^3'^ 
17o4. 

„  ^r*^  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Mr.  Augustus  Digcrins  of  Enfield 
&1U1SS  Sabra  Stebbms  of  ~\\  est  Springfield  were  entered  October  IG"'  & 
published  the  17  •'  1784. 

The  Intention  of  Marriage  between  Gad  3[irick  of  TTest  Sprincrfleld  & 
bybil  Harrison  of  "Westfield  was  entered  Nov.  20"^  &  published  21^'''l784. 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Samuel  Smith  of  Sandisfield  '& 
I^ovisa  Ely  of  W  est  Springfield  was  entered  Nov.  27^^  &  published  y^  28"' 
1784. 

_  The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  ]Mr.  David  Dcane  of  T7ashin<Tton 
m  Connecticut  &  Phcbe  Hitchcock  of  West  Springfield,  was  entered  & 
pubhshed  ^ov.  30,  1784. 

The  Intention  of  IMarriage  between  Justin  Dav  &  Abigail  Moro-an  both 
of  \Vest  Springfield  was  entered  January  12"^  <fc  published  ve  IG'*^  1785. 

The  Intentions  of  iMarriage  between  .to<eph  Smith  <Sc  Iluldab  Leonard 
both  of  West  Springfield  were  entort- d  IMarch  1 9-"  an  1  published  y«  20'"  1 7^5. 

The  Intentions  of  :>Iarria£^e  between  Ithamar  Moi-.^an  &  Chloe  PI  Bacr^ 
were  entered  April  [r]  and  published  the  H'*'  1785.'"  °° 

The  Intentions  of  Marriage  between  Abraham  Riplev  &  ilercy  Leonard 
both  of  West  Springfield  were  entered  April  21  it  published. 

The  Intentions  of  M.irriage  between  Joel  Barl)er  A;  Jerusha  Flower  both 
of  West  Springtield  v/ere  entered  ami  published  22^  April  1785. 

The  Intention  of  IMarriage  between  Elihu  Ely  of  West  Sprinrff^ld  & 
Hadassah  Chapin  of  Springfie-ld  were  enterd  :\Liv  4""  »&  published  ye  8'^  1785 

The  Intention  of  :\Iarriage  between  Joseph  Pierpout  and  Clarissa  Gran- 
ger both  of  West  Springfield  was  enterd  May^the  13'^  6c  published  the  lo'" 

The  Intentions  of  ■Marriage  between  Jude  Ludinirton  &  Miss  Huldah 
Carrier  both  of  Wt  Springfield  were  entered  June  IT^tsL-  published  the  l->"' 
1785. 

The  Intention  of  IMarriage  between  Mr.  John  [Stone  ?]  of  Chesterfield 
and  Miss  Eli/abeth  Leonanl  of  We.,t  Springfield  was  entered  June  18"" 
l/bo  &  published  the  lO"-  Day  next  followiu"-. 


1875.]  Brooks  Famibj  of  Wohurn^  Mass.  153 


BROOKS  FAMILY  OF  ^VOl^URN,  MASS. 

Ey  the  late  Dr.  Benjakin  Ci-ttf.k,*  of  Woburn.  and  comiaunicated  by  his  son,  William 
It.  Cl'XTKH,  of  Lexington,  Muss. 

1.  Hexky*  Bi:ooks  clied  April  12,  1CS3  ;  v,ifo  Susanna  died  Sept.  15, 
1G81.  [lit;  raine  to  AVoburn  from  Concord,  where  lie  was  made  freeman, 
March  14,  ir.;)'J;  was  an  inhabitant  of  Woburu,  and  proprietor  of  hind 
there,  near  Horn  I'ond,  Jan.  10,  1052;  selectman,  1 1'.GO  ;  married,  second, 
Annis  Jatpiitli.  ,hdy  \-,  1G82  ;  will,  dated  July  18,  1GS2,  names  wife  Anni.s 
and  children  John,' Tiinothy  (of  Billerica),  haac,  and  Sarah  (wife  of  John 
Mousal),  v.-lio  were  then  living  (Sewall's  Hist.  Woburn,  594,  G27,  &cO  ; 
Goodwifo  IJrooks  (1G70),  "an  ancient  and  skilful  woman,  living  at  Wo- 
buru," famous  for  attainments  in  medical  science ;  ride  instance  related  by 
Gookin  {.Uu-s^.  Hist.  Coll.,  i.  1G8).] 

2.  John'  (Hcnnf ),  married  Eunice  Mousal,  Nov.  1,  1G49  ;  died  Jan.  1, 
1G84  [daughter  of  Deacon  John  Mousal,  a  founder  and  much  honored  citizen 
of  "Wuburn.  lie  died  Sept.  29,  1G91.  Widow  jMary  Brooks  (his  wife  ?; 
died  Aug.  2G,  1704],     Had: 

i.  Jou.v,  b.  Xov.  23,  1650  ;  d.  Nov.  20,  1653. 

ii.  S.vKAU,  b.  Nov.  21,  1C5-  ;  m.  Ephraim  Buck,  Jan.  1,  IGTl. 

iii.  Eunice,  b.  Oct.  10,  1655. 

iv.  Joanna,  b.  March  22.  1659  ;  m.  David  Roberts,  Oct.  2,  1678. 

5.  V.  John,  b.  :March  1,  166-1;  m.  Mary  Richardson,  i'eb.  25,  16S4,  and  d. 

Aug.  7,  i733,  aged  69. 

6.  vi.    Ebexezer,  b.  Dec.  9,  1066 ;  m.  Martha. 
vii.   Deborah,  b.  March  20,  1669. 

7.  viii.  Jabez,  b.  July  17,  16~3 :  m.  Rachel  Buck,  Dec.  18,  1694,  d.  Feb.  2.1,. 

1698,  aged  22;   and   ilephzibah   Cutter,  July  7,   1693,  d.  Jan.    1, 
1745-6,  aged  75.     He  d.  Jan.  30,  1746-7,  aged  74. 

3.  TniOTHY*  (Hmrrf-),  married  Mary  Russell,  Dec.  2, 1659,  and  had  : 

i.      TnioTHT,  b.  Nov.  10,  1660 ;  d.  Jan.  22,  1661. 
ii.     TiiioTHY,  b.  Oct.  9,  1661. 
iii.    John,  b.  Oct.  16,  1662. 

[iv.    MARr,  b. ,  and  d.  July  2,  1670,  at  Billerica,  whither,  subsequently 

to  her  birth,  her  paients  had  removed. — Sewali,  Hist.  595.] 

4.  lixkc"  (Henri/),  married  Miriam  Daniels,  Jan.  10.,  IGGo-G,  and 
died  Sept.  8,  1686,     Had  : 

j.       Saraij,  b.  May  14,  1667  ;  d.  July  2,  1667. 

ii.     MiKiAM.  b.  i\Iay  29,  lOfiS  ;  d.  young. 

iii.  Isaac,  b.  Aug.  13.  1669;  m.  Hannah,  and  had— Anna,  b.  Aug.  10, 
16,SG— Sen:/!,  b.  Nov.  23,  l<dm— William,  b.  March  1,  1696. 

iv.  HcNRV,  b.  Oct.  4,  1671;  m.  Mary.  [Perhaps,  Mary  Graves,  of  Sud- 
bury, m.  Dec.  9,  1692.] 

V.      Miriam,  b.  Dec.  16,  1673. 

5.  Jon>'  (John',  Hcnnf).  married  Mary  Eichardson,  Feb.  25,  1634. 

He  died  Aug.  ~,  17,'i3,  aged  G!).     Had : — 

i.      Mary,  b.  Dec.  4,  16r5  ;  d.  Dec.  4.  1685. 

ii. .   Joux  (t^Wn),  b.  D^c.  30,  1636;  d.  Jan,  2,  1687. 

*  Bcnjamiu  Carter,  M.D.,  was  bom  June  4, 1S03,  and  died  M.irch  0,  l&-"4.  His  genea- 
logical rL-se,u<Ie>  u-Uc  frair;  about  1^47,  the  year  in  wLiicli  iiis  sou  who  coniuunicatcs  this 
article  wtw  born. 

VOL.    IXIX  14 


154  Brooks  Family  of  Wohnrny  Mass.  [April, 

iii.    EBI-N-E2KR  (twin),  b.  Dec.  30,  1686 ;  d.  Dec.  31,  1666. 
iv.    Marv,  b.  April  1,  IGSS  ;  m.  Thomas  Heoshaw,  May  i36,  1712. 
V.      S.\K.ui,  b.  k\xg.  11,  IGiVJ. 
•vi.     Joux,  b.  Nov.  23,  IGUl. 
vii.  Abicul,  b.  Aug.  I'J,  U507 ;  d.  Oct.  12,  1607. 
•     8.  viii.  TiMOTHir,  b.  Feb.  14,  1700;  iii.  Kuth  Vf'vman,  int.  Aug.  20,  17-19,  and 
d.  Oct.  13,  1780. 

h.     Isaac,  b. ,  1703  ;  d.  Aui,'.  24,  1719. 

9.  X.      Nathan,  b.  Nov.  1,  170G  ;  d.  Jan.  6,  1751  ;  m.  Sarah  Wyman. 

6.  Ebekezer'  (John,^  ITcnnf ),  married  Martha.     Had  : — 
i.      EuMCE,  b.  March  18,  IfiSS ;  d.  Feb.  4,  \{)>'.). 

ii.     Jonx,  b.  March  22,  1690.  v.    Maktiia,  b.  March  24,  1697. 

iii.    Ebfxezer.  b.  Aug.  S,  1001.        vi.  El-nick,  b.  leb.  4,  1700. 
iv.    Jabez,  b.  Jan.  7,  1G93. 

7.  Jabe/.'  (Johii,^  Henry"),  married,  first,  Rachel  Buck,  Dec.  18,  1G9  t, 
who  died  Feb.  23,  1608,  aged  22  ;  second,  Ilephzibah  Cutter,  July  7, 1098 
\Hiit.  Cutter  Family,  o^'\\  she  died  Jan.  1,  174o-G,  aged  75.  Pie  died 
Jan.  30,  1746-7,  aged  74.  [The  two  last  dates  from  gravestones  in  Woburu 
first  burying-ground.]     By  wife  Rachel,  had  : — 

i.  KACEeL,  b.  Nov.  29,  1695 ;  m.  Jo«eph  Wright,  Nov.  19,  1729,  and  d. 
June  21,  1750,  aged  55  [gravestone]. 

By  wife  Hephzlbah : 

ii.     Jabez,  b.  May  13,  1700. 

iii.  IJeph-iibaii,  b.  Nov.  18,  1701  ;  m.  John  Cutter,  Dec.  26,  1734,  and  d. 
about  1777,  aged  76,  according  to  widow  of  Henry  Gardner,  her  grand- 
daughter.—[C'i^«er  Family,  iii,  260.] 

10.  iv.     NathUniel,  b.  Aug.  17,  1703  ;  m.  .Submit  Poulter. 

V.      Deborah,  b.  May  — ,  1705  ;  m.  Jacob  \V"right,  Sept.  20,  1733,  d.  March 

10,  1783  ;  she  d.  Feb.  5,  1780,  aged  75. 
vi.    S-iiTUEL,  b.  April  18,  1707. 
vii.   Jonx.  b.  Jan.  14,  1703-9  ;  m.  Hannah  Cutter  and  Elizabeth  Kendall. — 

[C-utter  FamUy,  45.] 
viii.  Jonathan,  b.  Aug.  27,  1710 ;  m.  Phebe  Siraonds,  Aug.  23,  17.38  ;  had  : 

Phch'^,  b.  Feb.  22,  1740.     (He  d.  "  of  cholic,"  March  17,  1795?) 

11.  is.    Ebenezes,  b.  June  1,  1712;  m.  .Jemima  Locke,  Oct.  28,  1736. 

X.  SAR-iH,  b.  Dee.  25,  1714;  m.  Thomas  Richardson,  Oct.  18,  1742,  d. 
June  13,  1773,  aged  67  ;  she  d.  June  12,  1784,  aged  69  [gravestones 
Woburn  first  burying-ground]. 

12.  xi.    Benja-Min,  b.  April  14,  1717  ;  m.  Susanna  Kendall,  int.  April  5,  1746, 

and  d.  Jan.  6,  1769,  aged  52. 

8.  TiiiOTHT'*  Capt.  (Johi,^  John,'  Eenry^ ),  married  Rath  "Wyman, 
in  ten.  dated  Aug.  20,  1748 ;  both  were  admitted  to  "Woburn  church, 
Nov.  21.  1756.  He  died  Oct.  13,  1786,  of  ''gravel,"  (aged  88?).  He 
married  for  second  wife,  widow  Sarah  Couvers,  ^ilarch  30,  1781,  who  died 
Feb.  22,  1789,  aged  81,  of  "  cancer."     By  wife  Ruth  he  had  :— 

i.      John,  b.  July  19,  1749  (m.  Abigail  Kichardson,  int.  Oct.  17,  1771  ?). 

ii.     TraoTET,  b.  Oct.  24,  1751. 

iii.    RtTTH,  b.  Jan.  13,  1754  ;  m.  Aaron  Maeon. 

iv.  Abigail,  b.  June  18,  1756;  m.  Atahel  Porter,  killed  at  Lexington, 
April  19,  1775,  and  Enhraim  Peircc  (son  of  Jacob),  int.  Nov.  30, 
1782  ;  she  d.  Jan.  9,  1840,  aged  84.  iNa^e.— John,  Timothy,  Ruth 
and  Abignil,  were  bapti/ced  March  20,  1757. 

V.      Sastc-el,  b.  Dec.  21,  1758,  bapt.  Dec.  31,  -bi. 

vi.    Seth,  b.  March  2,  1761,  bapt.  March  29,  '61. 

vii.   Sl'saxxa,  b.  March  11,  17G4,  bapt.  same  day. 

viii.  Thomas,  b.  April  6,  176G,  bapt.  same  day. 

is.    Asa,  bapt.  Aug.  28,  1768. 

X.     Luke,  l^pt.  Oct.  13,  1772. 


1875.]  Brooks  Family  of  Wohiirn,  Mass.  155 

9.  Nathak*  (John,'  John,''  Henri/),  married  Sarah  "Wyman  (Jona- 
than's daugUtor),  who  died  Feb.  21,  1747-8,  ac^od  4U,  &c.  [gravestone]. 
He  died  Jan.  C,  1751,  aged  45  [gravestone].     Had  : — 

13.  i.      Nathan,  b.  No\r.  G,  1727;   m.  Elizabeth  Kichard-^^on,  int.  March  18, 

lT-19.  and  d.  Jan.  ?•),  17i3«,  ai^ed  30. 

14.  ii.     IsA'.c,  b.  July  '51,  17-29;  m.  Joanna  Uoklen,  int.  June  23,  1753,  and  d. 

March  i:3,  17tJ8,  aL'-od  3>i. 
iii.    Jo.VATi(A.v,  b.  Au;;.  ^^G,  1731  ;  d.  Dec.  30,  1733. 
iv.    Jou.v,  b.  May  «>,  1733. 
y.      Jonathan,  b.  Feb.  21, 1735. 
TJ.     William,  b.  March  3,  1737. 
vii.   Sakau,  b.  March  1,  1739. 
viii.  SETn,  b.  April  1,  1740. 

15.  is.    ZvciiARiAii,  b.  April  20.  1742  ;  m.  Hannah  Wild,  int.  July  23,  17G3, 

and  Susanna  Watts,  June  21,  1780  ;  he  d.  Feb.  5,  1792. 
X.     Marv,  b.  March  1,  1714. 
xi.    Klizabetii,  b.  1746. 
xii.  Sahlll.  b.  July  16,  1747 ;  m.  Martha  Peirce,  Aug.  8,  1769  (int.  Feb. 

23,  '69). 

10.  NATHAXTF.r/  (Jahez,^  John,''  Henri/),  married  Submit  Poulter. 
"Widow  Submit  Brooks  died  .June  1,  1799,  aged  91.     Had : — 

i.      Submit,  b.  Feb.  3,  1731 ;  m.  Nathaniel  Wyman,  Lancaster,  March  14, 

!7«l. 
10.  ii,     Natuantel,  b.  July  IS,  1734  ;  m.  Esther  Wyman,  Jan.  16,  1756,  and 

d.  Aj.ril  •",,  1783. 
17.  iii,   Jonatu.u\,  h.  July  16,  1737  ;  m.  Ruth  Fox,  Feb.  18,  1762. 

iv.    JosiAH.  b.  Dec.  14,  1739  ;  m.  Betty  Flagg,  Aug.  11,  1763  ;  she  d.  July 

3,  1764,  aged  30  [gravestone]. 
V.     Elizabeth,  b.  April  22,  1742  ;  m.  Zachariah  Richardson,  int.  Nov.  7, 

1767. 
Ti.    EEroEV,  b.  Jan.  8,  1744  ;  his  son  Amos  d.  Jan.  26,  1797,  aged  27 

[gravestone  Wob.  second  burying-ground]. 
vii.  David,  b.  March  29,  1749. 

11.  Ebenezer*  {Jahez,^  John,'^  Henri/),  church  member,  1756  ;  mar- 
ried Jemima  Locke,  Oct.  28,  17o6,  who  died  Nov.  5,  1774,  aged  57  [grave- 
stone]. He  married  wido^  Elizabeth  Symmes,  Cambridge,  int.  Nov.  15, 
1776.     Had,  by  first  marriage  : — 

i.      Jemlma,  h.  Aug.  29,  1737  ;  m.  Jesse  Richardson.  Dec.  29,  1756. 

ii.     Bephzibah,  b.  Jan.  15,  1739-40  ;  m.  Josiah  Convers,  March  28,  1758, 

and  d.  March  11.  1813,  aired  74— "  paralytic." 
iii.    Sally,  b.  Dec.  9,  1740  ;  m.^Zadok  Richardson,  int.  March  20,  1762. 
iv.     Ebenezer,  b.  Sept.  15,  1742;   of  Sterling;  m.  Aletha  Mores.     [Calnn. 

Brooks  (Ebenezer,  Jr."s  son),  m.  Mary  Richardson,  Dec.  1,   l5>03 

(Reuben's  dau.)— had  :  Mary,  b.  July  7,  1805.] 
T.      Polly,  b.  Aug.  29,  1744. 
vi.     WiLLiAH,  b.  April  5,  1745  (?)  ;  of  Sterling. 
Tii.  Sarah,  h.  April  6,  1743;  m.  Joseph  Skinner,  Nov.  1,  1768  (int.  Oct. 

5,  '68). 
viii.  Jonas,  b.  May  6,  1750;  m.  Joanna  Cummings,  Nov.  19,  1771,  both 

ch.  m.'s  Jan.  3,  1773  : — ehil.  J«anna,bapt.  Jan.  31,  1773,  and  Jonas, 

bapt.  Jan.  24,  1774  :— lived  at  Athol. 
ix.    Abigail,  b.  June  2,  1752  ;  m.  Isaac  Warren,  Jr.,  Medford,  "  almanack 

maker,"  Oct.  29.  1772. 
X.     Jabez,  b.  Miiy  8,  1755,  bapt.  June  6,  1756  ;  lost  at  sea. 
xi.    Mary,  b.  Nov.   14,  1753,  bapt.  Nov.  27,  ■58  ;  m.  Abraham  Skinner, 

Dec.  30,  1777. 
xii.  EuHAMAH,  b.  March  4,  1761,  bapt.  March  8,  '61 ;  m.  Watts  Turner, 

Medford,  Sept.  3,  17«9. 
xiii.  Betty,  b.  March  8,  1766.  bapt.  March  22.  '66;  d.  Oct.  14,  1789,  aged 

22  (at  Jesse  Richard-on's),  "  phtbisi.«;"  int.  Calvin  Ho'w^ard.  of  Ac- 
ton, Jan.  1,  1769.    [Vide  this  family  in  Book  of  the  Lockes,  37,  &c.J 


156  Brooks  Famihj  of  Wohimi,  Mass.  [April, 

12.  Bexjamtn*  (Jahcz^  John^  Hcnrif ),  mavricd  Susanna  Kcnilall, 
int.  April  5,  171G.  lie  was  killccl  by  a  tree,  Jan.  G,  1709,  aged  o2  [^ave- 
stone — on  which  is  a  curious  and  oft-quoted  epitaph.  Susanna  Brooks, 
int.  Josiah  Johnson,  Esq.,  July  20,  1771  j.     lie  had: — 

i.      Susanna,  b.  June  4,  1T17;  (in.  Alirnham  Skinnor  [11,  5'..],  int.  April 

20,  17ti0  ?) ,  i.nd  d.  Jan.  8,  1709,  a-ed  20  [f,'ravcPtone]— should  be  1770. 
ii.  B£.vj.\iitN,  b.  July  2,  174J  ;  d.  Stpi.'  1,  171'.).  aL'^-d  B '.vcekH  [uTravestunel. 
iii.  Benjamin,  b.  June  2,  17.>0  ;  d.  \\\\x,.  17,  1753,  a,i;ed  3  yrs.  [ijravestonej. 
iv.     Jercsha,  b.  July  13,  17.'>7  ;  in.  Josiah  Kioliardcjn,  Stonoham,  April  11, 

1776,  and  Ebeuezor   Wade,  Dec.  U,  LSUd;  siie  d.  .Sept.    17,    1842, 

aijcd  8-1. 
18,  V.      Joseph,  b.  Dec.  28,  17.59,  liapt.  Jan.  10,  1700  ;  m.  Sarah  Vinton,  Sept. 

7,  1760,  and  Rebecca  Wyman,  May  28,  1791  ;  he  d.  Jan.   18,   1810, 

acred  50^ — "  frozen."  * 
Ti.     Uepuzibah,  b.  March  3,  1762  ;  lu.  Elijah  Leathe,  June  22,  1780,  and  d. 

July  18,  1829,  aged  G3. 

13.  Nathan^  (Xatlian,'^  John,'  John,'  Hcnnf),  married  Elizabeth  Rich- 
ardson, int.  March  18,  1749  (ch.  m.  An::.  29,  175G).  lie  died  Jan.  26, 
1758,  aged  30  [grarostone].  She  mari'ied  Zebadiah  "VV'yman,  Jan.  C,  17G4-, 
and  died  Aug.  12,  1776,  aged  42  [gravestone].     Had: 

1.      Abig.ul,  b.  Sept.  8,  1751. 

ii.  Nathan,  b.  Jan.  26,  1754,  bapt.  Sept.  5,  1756  ;  d.  April  24,  1774,  aged 
20  [gravestone]. 

iii.  Elizabeth,  b.  April  8,  1755  ;  d.  June  19,  1755,  aged  10  weeks  [grave- 
stone]. 

iv.  Elizabeth,  b.  Juue  11,  1757  ;  d.  Feb.  12,  1758,  aged  8  months  [grave- 
stone] . 

v.      Abigail,  bapt.  Jan.  11,  1761. 

14.  Isaac'  (Xathan,'^  John,*  John,'  Hcnnf ),  married  Joanna  Holden, 
int.  Juue  23,  1753  ;  ch.  m.  Dec.  6,  1761,  and  wife  Joanna.  He  died  March 
23,  17G8,  aged  38  [gravestone].     Had: 

i.      JoA-NNA,  b.  Feb.  19,  1755  (m.  Jonathan  Kendall,  Dec.  1,  1774?). 

ii.  Isaac,  b.  Ai'S.  16,  1757,  ba;)t.  (with  sister  Joanna)  Jan.  3,  1762. 
Isaac  and  Abigail  Brooks  had — Isaac  E.,  b.  Sept.  26,  1791,  at  Am- 
herst, N.  S. 

iii.  Mary,  b.  Sept.  11,  1765  ;  m.  Stephen  Cummings,  and  d.  Feb.  6,  1853, 
aged  87i. 

15.  Zachariah,'  Lieut.  (Xt^than,*  John^  John'  ILmrf),  married 
Hannah  Wild,  Oct.  13,  17G3  (int.  July  23,  '63),  died  Nov.  24,  1778.  He 
died  Feb.  5,  1792,  aged  49-50 — '•consumjitjon."  He  married  Susanna 
"Watts,  June  21,  1780,  and  she  married  David  Dexter,  of  Atkinson,  Oct.  3, 
1799.     Had  by  first  marriage  : — 

i.  Zachariah,  b.  April  19.  1765  ;  d.  April  26,  1765. 

ii.  Elizabeth,  b.  June  3,  1767. 

iii.  Zachariah,  b.  April  10,  1771  ;  never  married. 

iv.  Patty,  b.  Dec.  23,  1772. 

By  second  marriage : 

V.     SAituEL- Watts,  b.  Sept.  22,  1781 ;  m.  Eleanor  Young,  March  28,  1803. 
vi.    SrsANNA,  b.  April  8,  1734. 

vii.  Nathan,  b. ;  m.  Maria  Smith,  Nov.  23,  1813 ;  he  d.  Dec.  21, 

1830,  aged  42. 


1875.]  Brooks  Family  of  Wohurn^  Mass.  157 

Tiii.  Havn-ah,  ]March  13,  1789. 

ix.    James- Watts,  b.  June  20,  1792. 

IC.  Nathaniel,*  Capt.  (Nathaniel*  Jahez,^  John^  ITmry'),  married 
Esther  Wyman  (second  daughter  of  Capt.  Bcinjamiu  Wyman),  Jan.  FO, 
175G;  both  cb.  lu.'s,  Nor.  13,  1757.     He  died  April  3,  1783.     Had  ;— 

i.      Esther,  b.  Oot.  14,  175G ;  m.  Nathaniel  White,  Lancaster,  Sept.  12, 

177G. 
ii.     Hannah,  b.  Oct.  11,  1758,  bapt.  Oct.  15,  '58. 
iii.    Li;cv,  b.  Got.  24,  17G0,  biint.  Xuv.  3,  'GO  ;  in.  Jonathan  Locke,  Jan.  IG, 

1783.     [Lockr.  Book,  8G.  | 
iv.    Nathaniel,  b.  March  8,  17G3,  bapt.  March  13,  'G3  ;  d.  Feb.  6,  1820, 

aired  58 — ''  fjr  many  years  paralytic." 
V.      Benjamin,  b.  May  18,  1765,  bapt.  June  12,  "65  ;  d.  Jan.  18,  1810,  aged 

45.     Frozen.^ 
vi.    AiiEL,  b.  May  3.  17G8,  bapt.  May  8,  '68. 
vii.  Keuuen,  b.  April  7,  1778,  bapt.  May  17,  '78  ;  d.  Oct.  5,  1790,  aged  12— 

'*  palsy  and  apoplexy." 
viii.  Hannah,  b.  June  30,  1781,  bapt.  July  29,  '81  ;  m.  Josiah  Kichardc'on, 

June  26,  1804.     [She  d.  June  26,  I67u,  a^ed  89.] 

17.  JoxATHAX*  (Nathaniel*  Jahez,'  Johi^  Ilenry^ ),  married  Faith  Fox, 
Feb.  18,  17G2  (ch.  ni.  Oct.  2,  1791)  ;  children  Iluth,  Submit,  Williiun,  and 
Elizabeth,  baptized  Oct.  16,  1791.     Had: — 

i.  I^Iarv,  b.  Seut.  30,  1764  (m.  James  Leathe,  Dec.  16,  1784?). 

ii.  Paxu,  b.  July  20,  1770  (m.  Joseph  Webber,  Lexington,  Jan.  15, 1795 ?) . 

iii.  Jou.v.b.  Aug.  10,  1772. 

iv.  ScBMiT,  b.  Jan.  28,  1775. 

V.  William,  b.  Nov.  19,  1780. 

vi.  Elizabeth,  b.  Oct.  13,  1782. 

18.  Joseph^  (Benjainin,*  Jahe-J  John^  Heyinf ),  married  Sarah  Vinton, 
Sept.  7,  17S0  {Vinton  Memorial,  112].  He  married  Rebecca  Wyman, 
May  28,  1791.     Frozen,  Jan.  18,  1810,  aged  50.     Had  by  first  marriage  :— 

i.      SusA^-NA,  b.  July  8,  17S2. 

By  his  second : 

ii.     Kendall,  b.  Jan.  10,  1792.  v.    Rebecca,  b.  Feb.  23,  1800. 

iii.    Benj.imln-,  b.  .\ug.  19,  1793.  vi.  Joseph,  b.  Sept.  25,  1804. 

iv.     Nathan,  b.  Oct.l2,  1797. 

Sarah  Brooks,  m.  John  Moupal,  May  13,  1650.  [1.] 
Abigail  Brooks,  int.  mar.  John  Lewis,  Lynn,  June  29,  1751. 
Elizabeth  Brooks,  int.  mar.  Zacli.  Kichardso^n,  Nov.  7,^1767.  [10,  v.J 
Elizabeth  Brooss,  int.  mar.  Giles  Johnson,  Sept.  21,  1766. 
Elizabeth  Brooks,  int.  inar.  Ger.^hntn  Flagg,  June  14,  1761. 
Elizabeth  Brooks,  m.  James  "Wyman,  Dec.  9,  1787. 
i^lARy  Brooks,  m.  James  Leathe,  Dec.  16,  1784.  [17,  i.]      _^_^ 
ScsAA-NA  Brooks,  int.  mar.  Josiah  Johnson,  Esq.,  July  20,  1771,   [12.] 


Pakent.age  of  Deborah  Clark  (a?i/?,  xxviii.  331).— In  an  account  of  the  fam- 
ily of  Lieut.  Gov.  'A'illiam  Jones,  taken  from  the  New-Haven  records  of  births, 
deaths  and  marriages,  is  the  following  entrv  : 

"  Isaac  [I2th  child  of  Lieut.  Gov.  \ViUiiml,  b.  21  June  1671 ;  m.  Deborah  Clark 
of  Stratford,  21  Nov.  1692  ;  d.  1741.     She  d.  2S  May  1733,  aged 63." 

The  records  of  Stratford  ought  to  give  her  parentage. 
Brid^ffjort,  Conn.  HsNTlT  JoxES. 

VOL.    XXIX.  14* 


158  EarJij  Papennills  of  2^ev:- England.  [April, 


EA11I.Y  }>APKKMILLS   OF  XE^V-EXGLAXD. 

By  the  Ilo>f.  William  GooLn,  of  ^V'inllh.•lm,  Mc. 
Read  at  a  meeting  of  the  Maine  Historical  Society,  at  Bath,  Feb.  VJ,  1874. 

UIE  first  papermill  in  America  was  built  in  1G90,  by  William 
ivitteuhuyscn,  a  native  of  Eroicli  in  Holland.  This  mill  -was  at 
Koxborouiih,  in  Pennsylvania,  on  what  is  yet  called  Papcrmill  liun. 
William  Eradford,  a  printer  in  Pliilad(-lpliia,  was  instrumental  in 
establishing  tliis  mill  to  sup{)ly  his  oflice.  The  second  mill  in  the 
colonies  was  built  by  DcWees,  a  family  (;onncction  of  Eittenliouse,  as 
the  name  was  afterward  spelled,  in  Germautown,  Pa.,  in  1710. 

I  find  that  an  act  to  encourage  the  manufacture  of  paper 
in  Xew-Eiigland  was  passed  by  the  general  court  of  !Massachu- 
setts  on  the  13th  of  Scptcn)bcr,  172.S.  and  a  patent  was  granted 
to  Daniel  Hencliman,  Gilhim  Pliillips,  .licnjamin  Fancuil,  Thomas 
Hancock  and  Henry  "Dcring,"  for  the  sole  manufacture  of  paper 
for  ten  years.  In  modern  phraseology  this  would  be  called  a  "  re- 
spectable firm,"  well  connected.  I  have  taken  some  pains  to  ascer- 
tain who  they  were,  and  find  that  they  were  nearly  all  of  one  family 
connection.  Daniel  Henchman,  the  head  of  the  firm,  was  a  book- 
binder, and  the  leading  bookseller  of  Boston  at  that  time.  Thomas 
Hancock  served  his  time  with  Col.  Henchmun  as  a  bookbinder,  and 
married  his  daughter.  He  was  the  builder  raid  owner  of  the  historic 
Plancock  mansion  on  Pn.^acon  Street,  taken  down  in  IS 03.  Before 
his  death  in  1764  he  bequeathed  the  bulk  of  his  large  fortune  to  his 
nephew  John  Hancock.  These  rich  possessions,  perhaps,  inspired 
the  frovemor  with  the  confidence  which  is  manifest  in  his  bold  sic;- 
nature  to  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  Gen.  Hemy  Knox, 
President  Washington's  secretary  of  war,  also  served  liis  tin:ie  at 
bookbindmg  in  Henchman's  shop  on  State  Street.  Benjamin  Faneuil 
was  the  father  of  Peter,  of  Faneuil  Hall  memory.  Gillam  Phillips 
was  brother-in-law  to  Peter  Fancuil,  and  also  brother  to  Henry  Phil- 
lips who  thrust  his  sword  through  the  body  of  yoimg  Woodbridge  in 
a  duel  on  Boston  conmion.  in  172S,  and  with  the  assistance  of  I'eter 
Faneuil,  hurried  their  relative  on  board  tiie  ''Sheerness,"  man-of-war, 
to  escape  punishment.  Others  with  myself  will  be  interested  to 
know  who  were  the  first  pajier  manufiicturers  of  Xew-England. 

In  order  to  carry  out  their  design  and  to  make  their  exclusive 
charter  profitable,  and  ro  enal)le  them  to  comply  with  its  terms,  they 
built  a  small  mill  adjuhiing  Xeponset  river,  then  in  the  town  of  Dor- 
chester, now  ^Illton,  near  tlie  lower  bridge,  where  the  tide  prevented 
the  running,  of  the  mill  six  hours  of  the  twenty-tuur.  The  terms  of 
their  charter  were.  th:!t  thi-y  shoidd  witiiiu  th.e  first  fifteen  moutlis 
make  one  hundred  and  forty  reams  of  brown  paper,  and  sixty  reams 


1875.]  Early  Pupermills  of  :N'eu'-Fng!anct.  159 

of  printing  paper.  The  ecconrl  your  llicy  were  to  make  fifty  reams 
of  \vritin>>'  paper  in  addition  to  the  firat  mentioned  quantity.  Tiie 
third  year,  and  afterward  yearly,  they  bound  themselves,  in  accepting 
the  act,  to  make  twonty-tive  reams  of  a  superior  quality  of  writing 
paper,  in  addition  to  tiic  afore-mcntioncd,  so  that  the  total  annual 
produce  of  the  various  qualiticjs  choidd  not  be  leas  than  Hv^i  Juaidred 
reams. 

Daniel  Ileuchman  a[)pears  to  have  been  the  managing  partner  of 
the  company.  It  is  recorded  that  he  produced  to  the  general  court 
of  17;U  a  sample  of  the  ptipcr  made  at  his  mill.  As  t.o  the  success 
of  this  mill  under  Henchman  we  have  no  knowledge,  hut  after  it  had 
been  idle  some  time,  it  was  sold  to  Jeremiah  Smith,  who  for  some 
cause  let  it  lie  idle  for  a  while.  In  17 GO  the  business  was  again  re- 
vived by  James  Boies,  of  Boston,  who  procured  a  papermaker  from 
a  British  regiment  tlien  stationed  in  Boston,  by  the  name  of  llazelton, 
who  obtained  a  furlough  long  enougli  to  set  the  mill  to  work,  there 
being  an  American  pa])ermaker,  Abijtdi  Smith,  then  living  in  Dor- 
chester, who  assisted  him  and  continued  in  the  business  to  an  advanced 
age.  Ou  tliC  rcghaeut  tu  which  ILizeltou  belonged  being  ordered 
to  (Quebec,  he  was  compelled  to  go,  and  fell  while  fighting  under 
AVolf  on  tlie  Plains  of  Abraham.  The  next  foreman  was  luchard 
Clark,  also  an  Englishman,  who  came  from  Xew-York.  The  origi- 
nal mill  is  yet  standing,  and  is  now  owned  by  Tileston  &  Hol- 
lings worth,  who  have  manufactured  paper  a  short  distance  above 
eince  1801. 

It  appears  by  the  following  petition  of  Richard  Fry  to  Gov. 
Belcher  and  the  jrencral  court  of  Massaclmsetts,  that  durinc:  the 
same  year  that  Henchman  exhibited  his  first  sample  of  paper  to  the 
general  court,  1731,  Samuel  Waldo,  a  well  known  merchant  of  Bos- 
ton and  a  large  proprietor  of  lands  in  the  then  district  of  ^.laine, 
while  in  England  contracted  to  build  and  lease  a  papermill  on  the 
Presumpscot  river  in  Falmouth.  ITndoubt-.dly  the  papermill  and 
other  "sundiy  sorts  of  mills"  were  built  as  set  forth  in  Fry's  petition. 
It  is  a  well  known  fact  that  "\Yaldo  and  Westbrook  had  sawmills  on 
the  lower  falls  of  the  Presumpscot,  which  would  seem  to  make  it  con- 
clusive that  the  papermill  was  on  the  same  dam.  This  petition  fur- 
nishes all  the  information  we  have  concerning  this  papermill,  as  the 
Falmouth  records  of  that  time  were  destroyed  by  fire. 

To  his  excellency  Jonathan  Belcher,  Esq.,  Captain  General  and  Governor 
incliiefin  and  over  his  Majesty's  Province  of  the  Massachusetts  Bay  in 
New-England. 

To  the  Honourable  his  IMajpsty's  Council,  and  the  Honourable  House  of 
Kepresentatives  in  General  Court  a?semi)Ied  at  Boston. 

The  Petition  of  Eichard  Fry,  of  Boston,  humbly  showeth: 

The  late  great  piece  of  justice  done  unto  your  most  humble  Petitioner,  in 
dismissing  the  Hi^^h  Sheriifof  York's  mo:jt  unreasonable  and  unjust  Peti- 
tion, imboldens  me  to  lay  before  you  the  present  irreat  hardships  and  surter- 
iugs  I  labour  under;  and  knowing  the  justice  and  wisdom  of  this  great 


160  Early  Papermills  of  Ktw-Enyland.  [April, 

assembly  flatters  me  with  great  hopes  aiul  expectations  of  having  my  desires 
and  requests  granted.  I  ain  i;o\v  couthied  in  his  Majesty's  Goal  at  the  auit 
of  i\rr,  Samuel  "Waldo  of  Pioston  and  Thuinus  Westhrook  of  Falmouth, 
Esq.,  for  seventy  pounds  eterling,  obtained  against  me  at  the  last  superior 
court  held  at  York.  Your  must  humble  petitioner  in  fact  saitL,  that  fur 
want  of  one  writing  instrument,  inider  the  liand  of  Mr.  Samuel  "Waldo  of 
Boston,  which  w:..s  taken  away  froui  your  ])etioner  by  Abrah;im  Tyler  the 
under  sherill'for  the  County  of  York,  under  couler  of  an  execution  from  Mr. 
Samuel  AValdo  of  Boston,  and  hath  taken  and  converted  the  said  writing  or 
instrument  to  his  own  use,  to  the  great  damage  of  your  petitioner.  Your 
most  humble  petitioner  further  observes,  It  has  always  been  the  wisdom  of 
this  great  assembly  to  reward  all  those  that  have  any  ways  served  this 
Province  with  rewards  and  favors.  Your  petitioner  indented  with  ^Ir, 
Samuel  "\Yaldo  in  the  year  17ul  in  London,  to  have  built  within  ten  mouths 
after  my  arrival  in  Xew-ICngland  a  papermill.  Your  petioner  arrived  in 
New-England  in  the  year  17ol  and  waited  four  years  wholy  at  his  own 
expense,  till  such  time  as  the  said  mills  were  built.  Your  petioner  willincr 
to  promote  the  good  of  his  country,  drew  a  plan  for  sundry  sorts  of  mills  to 
be  built,  wliich  was  across  Presumscot  river  in  Falmouth ;  which  scheme 
the  said  "\7aido  and  "Westbrook  came  into  and  built  the  said  mills.  And  vour 
petioner  sent  for  one  Mr.  John  Collier  from  England,  which  took  the  lease  of 
the  said  mills  at  two  hundred  pounds  sterling  per  annum  for  twenty-one  years. 
Yoiu'  petitioner  was  to  pay  sixty-four  pounds  sterling  per  ann.  for  t'>veiuy 
one  years  for  the  papennills.  And  the  said  Samuel  "Waldo  and  Thomas 
Westbrook  confessed  before  Capt.  Greenwood,  Mr.  George  Craddock,  and 
Mr.  Brandon,  merchants  of  Boston,  that  they  held  and  owned  in  the  town- 
ship of  Falmouth,  fifteen  thousand  acres  of  land,  and  that  one  acre  with 
an  other  was  three  pounds  more  in  value  for  these  mills.  But  the  said 
Waldo  and  Westbrook  not  content  with  their  imjirovemeut  of  two  hundred 
and  sixty-four  pounds  sterling  per  ann.  and  the  vast  improvements  of  their 
land  they  coveted  the  improvement  of  all  the  mills,  and  paid  Mr.  John  Collier 
six  hmidred  pounds  for  his  lease,  the  said  Collier  finding  what  sort  of  men 
he  had  to  deal  withal,  sold  them  his  said  lease.  The  said  AV'aldo  and  West- 
brook  otTered  your  most  humble  petitioner  live  hundred  pounds  for  the  loan 
of  Ecy  lease  but  I  would  not  comply  with  their  most  unreasonable  and  un- 
just request :  so  they  have  entered  into  a  combination  with  the  deputy 
sheriff  of  York,  Abraham  Tyler,  under  colour  of  an  execution  hath  violently 
entered  my  mills,  and  converted  all  my  substance  to  their  own  use,  and 
have  committed  my  boddy  to  '*  Boston  Goal."  Your  most  humble  petioner 
in  fact  saith,  he  is  not  indebted  one  farthing  either  to  Samuel  Waldo, 
Thomas  Westbrook  or  Abrah.am  Tyler,  but  the  saiil  Waldo,  Westbrook  and 
Tyler  have  proceeded  contrary  to  all  law,  justice,  reason  or  equity  now 
subsisting  in  the  christian  world.  Your  most  humble  petitioner  prays  to 
have  leave  to  bring  his  writ  of  review  to  bo  tried  in  the  county  of  Suffolk, 
at  the  next  superior  court  to  be  held  in  August,  against  the  said  Samuel 
Waldo  and  Thomas  Westbrook :  the  reason  is  because  I  am  confined  in 
Boston  jail,  and  my  witnesses  are  in  Boston. 

Your  petitioner  further  prays,  for  his  great  improvements  in  this  Province, 
and  his  leaving  his  own  native  country,  and  his  great  charges  in  coming 
over  and  waiting  four  years  at  his  own  expense  (and  there  is  no  member  of 
this  Honourable  Plouse  but  must  know  the  keeping  a  fomily  in  a  pretty 
genteel  manner  four  years  must  amouut  to  a  large  sum).  Your  humble 
petitioner  prays  to  have  a  tract  of  the  waste  lands  graiited  him,  belonging 


1875.]  Early  Papermilh  of  New-England.  161 

to  this  Province;  wliioli  in  time  maybe  serviceable  to  his  New  En  ^lawl 
boru  son,  James  Brook  Fry ;  wliicli  said  son  God  in  his  good  providence 
hath  i^iven  to  your  petitioner  in  these  his  fri'eat  troubles  and  ufllictions. 

Your  most  humljle  p-jtitloucr  leaveth  all  his  desires  and  requests  to  the 
great  wisdom  and  order  of  this  great  and  august  assembly. 

JuP.e  22,  17 09.  Kichakd  Fry. 

1  It  ?Ponis  tlint  this  Riclnnl  Frv  was  not  idlo  wLilc  in  Boston  Jail,  ns  the  '' J-o^f^"  Gazette  " 
and  the  Ma.-sarh II setts  archives  iihundantlr  show.  The  Gazette  of  May  28,  l/.^9,  contanij 
the  followin;-  notice :  "  Thi=;  is  to  inform  the  public  that  tliere  i=;  now  m  tiie  prc-..s  ana  will 
be  laid  hefore  the  Great  and  Go!.eral  Tourt  a  '  paper  scheme  '  drawn  lor  the  p)od  an.l  ncne- 
fit  of  everv  individual  niend>cr  of  the  whole  Province,  and  what  wdl  niuch  please  His  Ko>  m. 
Majestv:'for  th>  -torv  of  our  Kini,'  is  the  happiness  of  his  subjects,  and  every  niercliant  in 
Great  Bruain  that  trades  to  New  Eni^'land  will  tind  their  account  by  it ;  and  there  is  no  man 
that  lias  the  least  shadow  of  foundation  of  common  sense,  but  must  allow  the  said  silicmo  \ 

to  be  reasonable  and  jn>t.    I  have  laid  all  my  schemes  to  be  proved  by  the  iriurlieTTiatics  j 

and  all  mankind  well  know  that  ti-ures  will  not  lie;  and  notwithstandni?;  the  dismal  luea  , 

of  the  vear  41,  I  dont  doulit  the  least  seein;?  of  it  a  vear  of  Jubilee,  and  in  a  tew  jcars  i 

having;  the  balance  of  trade  in  favor  of  this  Province  from  all  parts  ot  the  trading  woiui;  ^ 

for  it  is  plain  to  a  demonstration,  bv  tlie  iust  schemes  of  Peter  the  ?rc  it,  the  late  Czar  oi  s 

Muscovv  in  the  run  of  a  few  vears  arrived  to  such  a  pitch  of  glory,  whose  empire  makon  as  | 

grand  a.i'i  appearance  as  any  Empire  on  earth,  which  Empire  for  improvement,  is  no  ways  J 

to  h<'  oom[.ared  with  his  Ruyal  Majesties  dominions  in  America.    I  beg  leave  to  subscnoc  jj 

myself  a  true  and  lieartv  lover  of  .Ncsv  England.  -r^      i,  \ 

'•  liostou  Jail,  May,  m9.  ,  Richard  Fry.  1 

On  reicrence  to  the  general  court  records  it  appears  that  Fry's  "paper  scheme"  hiid  j 

nothing  to  do  with  the  manufacture  of  paper,  as  the  following  copy  will  show :  3 

"T..  his  Excellency  Jonathan  Belcher,  Esq.,  Capt.  Gen.  and  Governor  in  cliief  in  and  \ 

over  His  Majesties  Province  of  the  Massachusetts  Bay  in  New  England,  and  to  His  3lujca-  i 

ties  Council.  ^ 

"Worthvand  Honorable  Gentlemen:  I  have  humbly  made  bold  to  lay  before  you  a  j 

email  scheme;  and  as  there  is  an  absolute  necessity  for  the  gentlemen  of  this  Proviiicc  to  i 

come  into  a  just  scheme  for  a  p:iper  currencv  till  such  time  as  by  frugality  and  industry  j 

f'lver  and  gold  l^e  brought  to  pass  amonsst  us  as  a  medium.    It  is  plain  to  a  demonstration  | 

that  the  Province  mav  emit  direetiv  such  a  sufficient  sum  by  notes  of  hand,  and  upon  sucti  | 

a  solid  footing  as  to  equal  to  ijokl  and  silver.    There  is  no  person  of  this  honorable  board  i 

but  knows  the  dismal  state  of  the  Seven  united  Provinces  were  reduced  to,  not  many  ages  i 

since;  but  they  all  united  as  one  man  and  persevered  in  just  and  reasonable  schemes,  and  J 

'.rith  indefatigable  industry  hatli  brought  them  to  make  that  glorious  figure  they  now  ap-  j 

pear  in  the  world.    They  had  ail  their  rough  materials  to  produce  from  other  countries  tor  . 

their  manufoctures;  but  it  is  not  so  with  us— we  having  them  all  within  ourselres,  and  ir  i 

the  gentlemen  of  this  Province  will  proceed  with  the  same  vigor  and  resolution  as  they  did 
may  in  the  run  of  a  few  vears  arrive  to  as  great  a  pitch  of  glory  as  the  united  states  of 
lIolLmd;  and  L  dont  doubt  of  seeing  the  New  England  Com  'any  make  as  great  a  figure  as_ 
the  EiLSt  India  Company  in  Holland,  which  boasts  of  hav -.ag  subdued  more  lea-ucs  ot 
country  than  there  are  acres  of  land  in  all  Holland— of  having  thirty  thousand  soldiers  anil 
a  va.-t  numiier  of  ships  in  the  service,  employing  one  hundred  thousand  men.  May  it 
I'lcu-v'  your  honors  having  nothing  more  to  add  only  ^-ishing  that  almighty  G(kI  will  m- 
6l»irc  with  the  same  noble  and  generous  resolution  and  courage  as  guided  the  states  ot  tne 
omv  i"H,r,  lone  and  distressed  states  of  Holland;  but  now  the  most  high  and  m;ghty. 
Wiiieh  is  the  eame?t  praver  of  vour  honors  most  humble  servant.  „ 

Uoston  Jail,  June,  1739.        '  Richaed  Frt. 

The  petition,  whii;h  in  the  index  is  called  a  "banking  scheme,"  is  thus  endorsed.  "In 
council  read,  and  the  matter  being  further  considered,  ordered  that  the  petition  be  dis- 


missed. 


missc'i. 

The  "paper  scheme"  was  not  new.  The  first  issue  of  paper  money  in  Massachusetts 
was  in  16&U,  to  pay  the  expenses  of  an  unfortunate  expedition  against  Canada. 

It  appears  that  Fry  was  a  leader  among  his  fellow  prisoners  and  remonstrated,  with  others,^ 
against  the  treatment  of  the  under  keeper  "  by  shuting  a  gate  which  excluded  callers. 
Here  is  an  extract  tVimi  the  records  of  the  council :  "  n  council  Jan.  7,  1740.  The  com- 
mittee to  whom  was  committed  the  petition  of  Richard  Fry  and  others,  report  that  the 
sherilf  be  directed  to  give  strict  orders  to  his  under  keeper,  \Vm.  Young,  to  treat  his  pri- 
soners with  more  justice  and  tenderness  in  the  future." 

These  several  petitions,  preservedin  the  Mass-ichusetts  archives,  are  all  in  the  hand- 
writing of  the  petitioner  and  show  superior  penmanship.  Tiicy  bear  an  impression  of  his 
seal  in  wax — tlic  de.-isn  is  a  crown  surmour.u'd  by  the  head  of  a  goat.  Hov/  long  he  was 
kept  in  conuiiemeiit  it  is  impossilile  to  deiormine."  But  for  his  petition  the  history  of  one 
of  the  earliest  papcrmills  of  New-England  would  have  been  lost. 


162  JEarhj  Papermills  of  N'eio-England.  [AprU, 

Oct.  9,  1739.  In  council,  on  petition  of  Richard  Fry,  read  again 
and  tlic  matter  being  further  considered, 

Ordered  that  the  petition  be  dismissed. 

An  explanatory  memorial  wiis  presented  to  the  general  court  by 
Fry,  dated  June  29,  1739.  "It  being  eugested  to  your  memu- 
lialist  that  his  petition  respecting  his  concerns  with  Mr.  Samuel 
Waldo  may  want  some  ex{)lanation,  begs  leave  to  state  the  same  as 
foUoweth  (viz.)"  Here  follows  what  is  virtually  a  repetition  of  his 
first  petition,  with  some  additional  information.     He  says  : 

At  the  end  of  four  years  said  AVaMo  purchased  a  mill  of  one  James 
Foster  for  me  and  agreed  with  ine  that  upon  my  surrendering  up  of  my 
aforesaid  sterling  a^^reement  of  four  hundred  pounds,  I  should  pay  no  rent 
of  said  mill  until  said  AValdo  should  build  roe  a  dwelling  house  and  that  the 
aforesaid  mill  should  be  completely  finished.  The  aforesaid  house  was 
framed  but  never  raised  to  this  day :  Said  Waldo  gave  me  a  proaiisary 
assui'ance  under  bis  hand  for  the  same,  which  was  carefully  locked  up  in 
my  desk.  Said  Waido,  under  colour  of  an  execution  employed  one  Abraham 
Tyler  under  sheriff  for  the  county  of  York ;  said  Tyler  did  enter  the 
house  in  my  absence  and  broke  open  my  desk  ^foresaid  and  converted  the 
above  instrument  to  his  own  use,  with  all  my  other  papers  of  great  value. 
Said  Waldo  now  finding  that  my  papers  were  all  robbed  from  me,  sued  me 
to  York  Court  for  rent  of  the  aforesaid  mill  though  contrary  to  the  aforesaid 
agreement  and  the  consideration  of  the  aforesaid  sum  and  also  the  loss  of 
four  years  time.  The  said  Waldo  had  in  his  hands  and  withholding  from 
your  memoriahst  two  thousand  pounds  of  my  effects  besides  my  papers. 

About  the  same  time  that  the  Prcsumpscot  mill  was  built.  Col. 
"Westbrook  built  another  papcrmill  at  Strandwater,  also  in  Falmouth. 
According  to  tradition  this  was  on  his  own  accoimt  and  stood  on 
Strandwater  river,  a  small  stream  running  through  his  own  farm 
and  near  his  residence,  which  after  the  English  custom  he  called 
"Harrow  House."  In  the  diary  kept  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Smith, 
then  the  only  minister  in  the  town,  under  the  date  Sept.  5,  1733, 
is  the  following  entry  :  "  We  all  rode  in  the  Colonel's  new  road  to 
see  where  the  papermill  is  to  be  set."  In  the  Journal  Thomas 
Westbrook  is  invariably  styled  "Colonel,"  and  is  the  only  inhabitant 
of  Falmouth  to  whose  name  this  title  is  prefixed. 

This  extract  is  all  the  written  history  relating  to  this  papermill ; 
but  it  is  an  undoubted  fact,  well  known  in  the  village,  that  Col. 
Westbrook  did  have  a  papermill  there,  and  marks  of  the  dam  are 
still  to  be  seen,  a  few  rods  above  the  present  gristmill,  at  a  narrow 
place  where  the  stream  could  be  easily  and  safely  dammed.  Both 
banks  are  ledge  rock,  and  on  the  south  bank  there  is  a  gap  blasted 
out  to  receive  the  capsil,  and  on  the  other  side  there  is  a  large  iron 
rod  standing  in  the  rock,  probably  to  secure  the  other  end  of  the 
capsil.  It  is  said  that  when  the  millpond  below  is  drawn  off  the 
foundation  timbers  of  the  papermill  are  yet  to  be  seen. 

Whether  Richard  Fry  had  any  connection  with  this  Strandwater 
mill,  we  have  no  means  of  knowing,  but  there  is  a  tradition  that 


1875.]  Early  Papermills  of  J^ew-England.  163 

there  grew  up  a  dissatisfaction  among  the  English  worlcmen  about 
their  -wage?,  and  tliat  ihey  stole  and  secreted  6onie  important  jiai-ts 
of  the  machinery  to  prevent  the  running  of  the  mill,  and  that  dupli- 
cates were  procured  from  England.  This  tradition  was  eingvJarly 
vei-ified  more  than  a  century  aiter  the  occurrence.  In  plowing  on 
tlie  neighboring  farm,  now  occujded  by  the  state  reform-school  in 
18-1:5,  Mr.  Carter,  the  owner,  turned  up  an  iron  press  plate,  formerly 
used  in  the  old-fashioned  paper  machinery,  and  answering  to  the  de- 
scription of  some  of  the  lost  pieces.  This  is  now  in  the  possession 
of  the  writer.  There  can  be  but  little  doubt  that  this  easting  is 
a  part  of  the  machinery  of  this  ancient  mill,  the  first  in  Maine  (ex- 
cept, perhaps,  that  on  the  Presumpscot  which,  was  built  at  about  the 
same  time),  and  these  Avere  the  only  ones  for  seventy  years  later. 

A\'aldo'  and  ^\'estbrook  must  have  purchased  the  right  to  manu- 
facture paper  of  Henchman,  as  his  right  was  exclusive,  and  probably 
made  him  their  selling  agent,  as  there  was  no  market  nearer  than 
Boston.  AVestbrook's  Strandwater  mill  was  burned,  but  there  is  no 
tradition  of  the  fate  of  the  Presumpscot  mill  or  macliinery. 

The  third  papermill  in  Maine  was  built  by  liobert  H.  Gardiner 
and  J(>hn  Saveln.  jMr.  Gardiner  came  into  possession  of  the  large 
1.  nded  property  bequeathed  to  him  by  his  grandfather.  Dr.  Gardiner, 
of  IJoston,  when  he  was  but  five  years  old.  He  was  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  ISOl,  and  came  to  Gardiner  to  live  in  1803.  He  was 
desirous  to  have  the  unused  waterpower  on  the  Cobbassee  stream 
utilized,  and  projected  a  papermill.  In  order  to  carry  out  his  pur- 
pose he  visited  Milton  a  few  years  after,  and  entered  into  an  arrange- 
ment with  John  Savels,  who  had  learned  the  trade  of  a  papermaker 
at  the  ''upper  mill"  in  Milton,  then  owned  by  Wilham  Sumner, 
uncle  to  Savels,  and  also  uncle  or  great-uncle  to  Senator  Charles 
Sumner. 

I  have  no  date  of  the  building  of  this  upper  mill.  What  informa- 
tion I  have  I  casually  learned  from  jNIrs.  Nudd,  of  Gardiner,  who  is 
a  daughter  of  !Mr.  Savels,  and  was  twelve  years  old  when  her  father, 
with  his  family,  came  to  Gardiner.  Of  course  she  has  a  distinct  re- 
collection of  the  papermills  in  j\Iilton  and  their  owners  at  that  time. 
"\\  hen  John  Savels  came  of  age  he  left  the  upper  mill  and  went  to 
work  for  Tiles  ton  &  HoUingsworth,  who  had  and  still  have  a  miU 
near  the  site  of  the  ancient  mill  at  the  lower  falls. 

It  was  in  1811  or  '12  when  jNIr.  Savels  came  to  Gardiner  and  en- 
tered into  partnership  with  Mr.  Gardiner.     They  immediately  built 

•  The  inJastrious  and  observing  journalist,  Parson  Smith,  records  in  Jane,  1743,  ten  years 
after,  alluding  to  the  proparatioii  for  the  papermill,  "  Mr.  Waldo  came  to  town  with  an 
execution  a.Minst  Col.  "NVesthronk  for  ten  thousand  five  hundred  pounds  and  charges.* 
Mr.  Smith  mentions  Col.  Wcsthrook's  death  in  Feb.,  1744.  Judge  Freeman,  the  compiler 
of  the  journal,  whose  fiUher  administered  on  Col.  W.'s  estate,  says  in  a  foot  note,  "  Ho 
died  of  a  broken  heart  caused  by  Waldo's  acts  who  led  him  into  large  land  speculations  and 
then  struck  upon  him  in  an  unfortunate  time." 

Waldo's  execution  swept  off  all  of  Col.  Wcstbrook's  large  property,  including  his  splendid 
seat,  which  with  all  iiia  other  laada  were  set  off  to  Waldo,  and  were  held  by  his  sons  for 
many  years  after. 


164  Earhj  Papermilh  oj  JS'cui- England.  [April, 

a  mill  and  commenced  the  manufacture  of  paper, — ]\Ir.  Savels  liavinfT 
the  management,  hut  within  a  few  months  the  mill  was  hunied.  So 
earnest  were  the  pro])rietor3  to  establish  the  business  permanently, 
that  the  mill  was  rebuilt  in  aixty  days  from  the  burning ;  and  they 
commenced  the  rnanulacture  of  wricini;-  pajter,  which  wad  continued 
until  ISi^O,  when  ]\Ir.  Gardiner  sold  his  interest  to  Savels.  In  1824 
the  name  of  the  firm  was  changed  to  ^'Savels,  Cox  &  Co.," — 
afterward  to  "Moore,  Springer  c^  Co."  The  mill  under  the  original 
firm's  management  paid  twenty  j)er  cent,  profit,  but  ]\Ioore  c^  Co. 
run  the  capital  all  out  in  six  or  seven  years.  Then  a  new  firm  took 
the  mill,  one  of  wliom  was  a  sou  of  Savels  one  of  the  original 
proprietors. 

Li  1836  Mr.  Richards,  son-in-law  of  ^Mr.  Gardiner,  and  ^^Ir.  II. 
B.  Iloskins,  now  treasurer  of  the  Gardiner  Savings  Bank  (from 
whom  I  have  received  valuable  information),  formed  a  copartner- 
ehip  and  built  a  new  mill  on  the  old  site.  Mr.  Hoskins  had  been  a 
clerk  for  Mr.  Gardiner,  and  afterward  his  managing  agent  for  several 
years.  The  new  firm  was  successful,  and  continued  the  business 
until  the  melancholy  death  of  Mr.  Ivichards  in  1858,  three  days  after 
his  arrival  home  from  Europe.  A  son  of  Mr.  Bichards  is  one  of  the 
present  firm  at  the  same  locality.  ]Mr.  Savels  who  first  made  paper 
at  Gardiner  died  there  in  1824,  at  the  age  of  about  fifty. 

In  1823,  iMi'.  Cox,  who  had  sold  out  his  interest  in  the  Gardiner 
mill,  Mr.  Cahdn  Spaulding,  the  now  venerable  bookseller  of  Hal- 
lowell,  and  Glazier,  Masters  &  Co.,  then  an  entci-prising  publishing- 
firm  of  the  same  town,  entered  into  copartnership  under  the  firm 
name  of  "  George  Cox  &  Co."  for  the  purpose  of  manufacturing 
paper.  Cox  learned  his  trade  with  Tilcston  &  Ilollingsworth,  at 
the  old  mill  in  Milton.  The  firm  built  a  mill  on  seven  mile  brook  in 
Vassalborough,  which  was  finally  burnt  in  1848  and  never  rebuilt. 

There  was  a  papermill  in  North  Yanuouth,  Maine,  built  in  about 
181G,  by  Harris  &  Cox  brothers,  and  was  run  by  the  builders  about 
five  years,  making  both  writing  and  wrapping  paper.  The  company 
failed,  and  the  mill  went  into  the  hands  of  "William  Band  and  Calvin 
Stockbridge,  and  was  successfully  carried  on  by  them  for  about  fifteen 
years,  when  the  new  inachineiy  and  improved  process  gave  the  new 
mills  the  advantage  and  this  mill  was  closed.  Josiah  F.  Day  in 
181 G  commenced  manufacturing  paper  in  the  town  of  Union,  Me. 
This  mill  was  burnt  in  1813.  In  1845  Messrs.  Day  &  Lvon  started 
a  papermill  at  Congin  in  Westbrook.  This  Congin  mill  met  the  fate 
of  nearly  all  the  old  mills, — it  was  burnt  in  about  1852.  Conirin 
Falls  is  now  entirely  occupied  by  the  well  kno^vn  Cumberland  paper- 
mills. 

It  is  interesting  to  trace  the  practical  skill  of  the  English  paper- 
makers,  whom  Ilenchman  of  Boston  and  Westbrook  of  old  Falmouth 
brought  from  England,  and  of  llazelton  of  the  British  regiment 
(whom  Boies  procured  to  start  the  old  Dorchester  mill  in  17GU),  in 


1875.]  The  Bennet  Family  of  Ipswich,  165 

ite  descent  througli  Savels  and  Cox  to  the  Gardiner,  Va?sal})oro', 
Conuin  and  .several  other  papcrmills  in  ^Taine,  and  indeed  through- 
out all  New-England. 

The  present  jtroccss  and  nviehincry  for  i)apennaT<ing  are  very  dif- 
ferent from  those  tl^en  eniploycd,  yet  if  tiiey  could  be  regularly  traced, 
they  -vvoiild  undoubtedly  be  found  to  have  been  perfected  stop  by  step, 
and  the  knowledge  to  have  been  handed  down  from  artlzan  to  ap- 
prentice boy  in  regular  succcssiou  through  a  period  of  140  }eurs  in 
Mae.sachusetts  and  ^ilaiue. 

Such  is  the  history  of  the  early  papermills  of  New-England, 
aud  such  was  tlie  conunenccuicnt  of  that  now  invaluable  and  exten- 
Bivc  branch  of  New-England  productive  industry  on  which  so  many 
ihous.anda  now  depend  for  support. 


I 


THE  BENNET  FA:»nLY  OF  IPSWICH. 

By  John  M.  Bradbcrt,  of  Ipswich, 

N  the  Register,  vol.  xiv.  p.  120,  is  printed  a  copy  of  the  will 
of  John  Perkins,  sen.,  of  Ipswich,  and  in  this  document,  dated 
March  2^,  1(354,  the  testator  mentions  a  daughter  Lydia  Bennet. 
but  without  rlluding  to  her  husband,  and  intimates  that  she  then 
Lad  children. 

The  early  records  of  Ipswich  are  too  imperfect  to  afford  any 
assistance  in  the  search  for  the  name  of  her  husband,  but  the 
records  of  the  county  of  Essex  show  that  a  Henry  Bennet  bought  a 
farm  in  that  town  in  1G54,  and  that  he  and  at  least  three  of  his 
sons  were  Hving  there  1G83.  As  his  eldest  8(m  Jacob,  in  a  deposi- 
tion taken  in  1676,  gave  his  age  as  twenty-f  ve  years,  Henry  Ben- 
net must  have  been  married  full  three  years  when  the  will  of  John 
Perkins,  sen.  was  made,  and  this  makes  \t  jyossihh  for  him  to  have 
been  the  husband  of  the  testator's  daughter  Lydia. 

Following  up  this  slight  clue,  we  find  that  the  Essex  Court  nles 
furni?h  satisfactory  proof  that  Lydia  was  the  name  of  the  wife  of 
Henry  Bennet,  of  Ipswich,  as  will  be  seen  from  the  following  depo- 
eilion  anil  testimony  copied  therefrom. 

The  D.:-po.>ition  of  Ll-ldua  Beuit  agged  3G  yeas  who  saith  that  the 
last  lecture  day  at't>.T  I  c-uue  home  I  saw  EHzabech  Giiter  take  Elizabotli 
Linckliorne  under  her  Anne  aud  caried  her  out  of  the  house  our  sonti 
Jacob  al^.tut  an  hour  after  they  scutUeing  agaia  went  to  part  them  and 
Eliz'.ii'eth  a-uer  had  liim  let  her  alone  or  she  would  give  him  as  much:  so 
goodwite  Linckliorne  maid  answer  to  the  boy :  She  will  be  the  death  of 
my  Dame  or  you  :  no  said  t'ae  Elizahoth  gator  I  will  not  be  the  death  of 
them  ;  but  I  will  be  the  utath  of  thf  e. 

taken  vpou  oath  Aur.  27  1CG9  before  me  Samuel  Svmonds. 
15  ' 


166  The  Bennet  Family  of  Ipswich.  [April, 

The  testimony  of  Uenioniln  IMorgin  20  j-ers  beinq;  at  Henery  Beiiets 
house  the  .>:iine  \iriic  I  herd  Klizahetli  Cater  call  Elesaboth  LenekhoriiO 
Careu  aud  Jaetl  ami  so  Cared  her  out  of  dors  aud  I  lierd  Elezabetli  Gater 
say  she  would  bo  the  deth  of  Lenekhonies*  wife  :  after  when  Lenckhoru'? 
wife  was  com  from  Mr.  Simonsis  whar  .she  had  ben  f';r  a  warant  the  said 
Gatter  fell  foi;ell  of  her  againe  and  so  she  swounded  away  and  I  tocke  her 
vp  :  furder  Saith  Not. 

Swornc  in  Court  bed  at  Ipswich 

the  28  (2)  09.     As  Attest      Kob  Lord  clerk. 

Though  the  name  of  the  town  ia  which  the  above  mentioned 
assault  took  place  is  not  given,  the  reader  will  perceive  that  it  must 
have  occurred  in  Ipswich,  since  a  warrant  was  so  speedily  obtained 
from  ?ilr.  Symonds,  afterward  deputy -governor,  whose  home  was  in 
that  town. 

No  record  has  yet  been  found  which  asserts  a  direct  relationsliip 
between  these  families  of  Perkins  and  Bennet,  but  in  the  Essex  court 
files  are  documents,  used  in  a  law-suit  in  which  Henry  Bennet,  of 
Ipswich,  was  plaintiff,  and  John  Stanian,  of  Hampton,  N.  H.,  defend- 
ant, that  furnish  indirect  eviilencc  of  such  relationship.  Among  the 
papers  relating  to  this  suit  is  a  letter  of  Bennet,  in  which  he  ad- 
dresses Stanian  thu-  :  "  Louing  Coazcn  John  Stanyan  After  my 
love  remembered  to  you  and  to  my  cousen  these  few  lines  is  to  lett 
you  understand,"  &c. 

The  phrase  "  and  to  my  cousen  *'  unquestionably  refers  to  Stanian's 
wife,  and  the  use  of  it  seems  to  indicate  that  the  connection  was  on  her 
side,  for  had  she  not  been  related  to  Bennet,  he  w^ould  not  have  been 
likely,  in  a  business  letter,  to  allude  to  her  at  all.  She  was  Mary, 
daughter  of  Thomas  and  ]Mary  (Perkins)  Bradbury  and  niece  of 
Lydia  (Perkins)  Bennet;  and  this  letter  is  signed  ''Your  loveing 
Uncle  Henry  Bennett." 

In  this  connection  it  may  also  be  mentioned,  as  having  some 
wei'^ht,  that  of  the  five  hnoicn  sons  of  Henry  Bennet,  three  bore  the 
clu-lstian  names  of  the  three  brothers  of  Lydia  Perkins ;  the  other 
two  took  the  names  of  their  father  and  his  brother. 

From  what  is  above  written  it  is  certainly  reasonable  to  conclude 
that  Lvdia,  the  daughter  of  John  Perkins,  sen.,  became  the  wife  of 
Henry  Bennet,  of  Ipswich,  and  in  what  fijllows  iu  this  paper  this 
conclusion  is  held  to  be  true. 

The  age  of  Lydia  Bennet  as  given  in  her  deposition  above, — thirty- 
six  years. — is  not  consistent  with  the  statement  (Register,  x.  213) 
that  the  youngest  child  of  .fohn  Perkins,  sen.,  of  Ipswich,  w^as  about 
seven  years  old  at  the  time  of  his  emigration.  The  contributor  of 
that  article  seems  to  have  assumed  that  in  the  will  of  J.  P.  sen., 
the  children  are  named  in  order  of  seniority,  so  that  Jacob  being 
named  last  is  called  the  youngest.  The  probability  is  that  John 
Perkins,  being  a  mcml)er  of  the  Boston   church  before  May   18, 

*  William  Unckhom,  or  Lincoln,  then  of  Gloucester. 


1875.]  The  Bennet  Family  of  Ipswich.  1G7 


1G31 , — tlic  date  oF  his  becoming  a  rreeman, — '.vould  not  Lave  delayed  i 

tlic  baptifui  of  a  child,  Uviuu;  ^^heu  lie  arrived   in  this  country,  till  \ 

June  o,  l(J;i2,  the  date   given   by   Savau;o   for  the   bjjit.'.-ni   of  his  ;' 

daughter  LyiHa.      The  rs-i.der  will  perceive  that  Ijvdia  Ikiuict  f-tate.-i  i 

her  age  without  the  usual  qualification  "  about,"  aud   it   may  there-  j 

fore  be  coii.-^iJercil  certain  that  she  was  less  than  thlrty-sevoti  years  | 

old  at  the  date  of  the  deposition.      U'his  could  carry   her   birth  no 
farther  back  than  the  last  of  April,  Idoi^,  eo  that  she  nuist  have  been  j 

ba[)tizcd  ^vheu  but  a  few  weeks  old  and  of  course   she  was  burn  on  J 

this  side  of  the  Atlantic.  \ 

Xot  nuicli  can  be  told  of  Henry  Bennet  and  his  descendants  ;   the  jj 

little  tliat  ha^  been  gathered  from  the  various  accessible   records  is  | 

here  appended.  I 

1.      IIknkv'  Bexnet,  born  in  England  about  lC2i),  vras  in  this  \ 

country  as  early  as  1G50.     In  the  latter  part  of  that  year  or  eaily  in  \ 

1051,  he  married  Lydia,  daughter  of  .lohn  and  Judith   I'erkiua,   of  j 

Ipswich.      She  died  perhaps  before  1G72;  and  he  married,  sect^nd.*  | 

^lary  (Smith)  Burr,  the  widow  of  John  Bun*,  who  wa.s  her  second  | 

husl)anJ.     iler  first  husband  vras  Philip  Call.     She  was  a  daughter  \ 

of  Ivichard  Sjnith,f  of  Shropham,  co.    Norfolk,   England,  and  dird  | 

perliap--  before  her  Irasliand,   Jan.   12,    1707-8.      The  date  of  hio  • 

death  is  not  known  ;  he  was  living  Oct.  3,  1707.  \ 

In  165  4  he  bought  of  Jonathan  "Wade  a  farm  of  two  hundred  acres  i 

eituated  in  what  is  now  the  south-eastern  part  of  Ipswich,  and  hav-  k 

ing  for  its  southern  boundary  Castle  Xeck  Creek,  part  of  the  pre-  \ 

sent  dividing  line  between  Ipswich  and   Essex.     The   other   bounds  1 

were  on  lands  of  ]Mr.  Symonds,  Mr.  Sakonstall  and  the  Eev.  Xath'l  | 

Kogers,     This  farm  he  occupied  more  than  foity  years,   and  sold  it  i 

but  litrle  changed  in  bounds  and  area  to  John  "\Vainwright,  in  IGI'8.  | 

He  was  usually   styled  Fanner  Bennet,    and   besides  his  homo-  \ 

stead  he  held  considerable  land  on   Tlog  Islard,   Castle  Neck   and  \ 

Plum  Island.     Although  he  made  many  conve  ances  of  land,  frf.sm  \ 

It)  (2  to  IGlhS,  the  name  of  his  wife  Lydia   appears  on  none   of  his  ] 

deeds  ;  the  first  deed  signed  by  his  second   wite  is   dated  ]May    1-1-,  | 

1G>«0.     His  name  is  found  in  the  list  of  the  commoners  of  Ipswich  i 

\n  lt>i4  ;  iu  l^'i'^oi^  he  w;is  one  of  the  signers  of  tlie  Ipswich  petition  ! 

to  the  general  court,  disapproving  the  action  of  the  Massachiiscits 
authorities    in    opposing  the    king's    commissioners.      In   1G72,   his  : 

brother  AVilliam  Bennet,   a  vintner  of  Bishopsgate,  London,  died, 
and  left  him  by  will  one  hundred  pounds  sterling. 

^  The  collection  of  this  legacy,  throui^h  the  ofliciousness  of  one  of 
his  neighbors,  caused  him  considerable  trouble.     Ilariakenden    Sy- 

•  W'ithont  doui.t:  hefore  Teb.  IS,  1078-9,  iit  ^v■a;^•ll  .late  he  was  a  commoner  oq  the  ri^h: 
of  Philip  Call,  whose  vvitlow  w;is  the  dcvifce  ot'hii  estate. 

t  This  is  an  iiitVrence  Ironi  the  l'infru:)gcof  adeed,  dated  At)ril  9,  1658, from  this  Ricbnrd 
Smith,  to  his  r^on  Richard,  of  Ipswi'.h,  sln/jleman.  who  is  "  to  pav  oi\  Nov.  1, 1'i.jS,  to  hi.s  !>ro- 
t)icr-in-l:r.v  Phillip  C.iil,  of  ShrophJrn,  eo.  Noiiulk.  EiK^lnr/i,  aLrlie  now  dweliiiiL'  hoine  of 
the  said  Richitrd  iu  Ipsu-ir-h."  Evideutly  PhiUp  Call  came  over  ia  the  summer  of  16JH, 
and  bronsht  l!ie  d<;cd  with  him. 


168  The  Bennet  Family  of  Ipswich,  [April, 

nionds,  who  appears  to  have  been  scekiuf:^  an  occasion  to  go  to  Eng- 
land, ofi'ercd  to  collect  tlii>-^  one  huntlied  pound.i  fur  the  modest  com- 
mission of  fifty  pounds,  which  otler  wad  of  course  refused.  Ho 
then  made  a  second  pro[)0&al  lo  collect  the  amount  of  the  legacy  for 
ten  pounds,  to  wliich  iJcnnct  replied  that  if  he  eni[)lo3'ed  hira  he 
"would  give  huu  ten  |)(>und.-=,  and  if  he  didn't  he  should  ''be  at  liis 
liberty  what  to  give  him." 

On  this  blight  encouragement  Symonds  went  to  England  and  began 
negotiations  with  the  executor  of  ^\'illiam  Ijcnnet's  will,  but  although 
he  brought  his  highly  respectable  frimds  in  Essex  up  to  London  to 
endorse  him,  he  mudc  no  [irogress  in  the  business  f  u-  lack  of  proper 
authority  to  give  a  full  discharge  on  payment  of  the  money.  He 
therefore  wrote  to  Bennet  for  a  letter  of  attorney,  which  he  would 
not  send  him  unless  his  father  would  become  bound  for  him  ;  thi3 
the  elder  Symonds  declined  to  do.  Symonds  however  remained  in 
England,  waiting  fur  the  letter  of  attorney  and  keeping  up  the  show 
of  agency  for  Bennet,  until  he  learaed  that  the  executor  had  paid  the 
legatee's  bill  of  exchange  in  favor  of  a  merchant  in  Boston.  Soon 
after  his  return  Symonds  brought  a  suit  against  Bennet  for  damages 
as  well  as  services  iu  which  he  was  not  successful.  In  his  statement, 
sworn  to  in  court,  he  says  he  was  in  England  "better  than  fifteene 
months,  and  was  absent  from  Xew-England  and  the  occations  of  his 
family  above  one  yeare  and  nine  months."  This  was  tlie  visit  of  which 
Savage  tells  that  he  (Symonds)  "was  living  at  Wethersfield  in 
England  in  1672  ;  "  and  adds,  "nor  is  it  known  that  he  ever  came 
back"! 

Another  suit  in  which  Bennet  was  a  party,  was  brought  against  liim 
in  1684,  by  Mr.  Daniel  Epps,  for  enticing  away  and  harboring  his 
Indian  boy,  Lyonel.  But  the  boy  had  been  regularly  indented  to 
Bennet  by  his  grandmother  and  uncle,  who  had  been  living  on  Epps's 
bounty,  and  had  promised  to  give  the  boy  to  him.  The  case  is  in- 
tere.'  ting  as  showing  tlie  condition  of  [)crhaps  the  last  Indian  family 
that  lived  in  Ipswich.  ?>lr.  Epps  lust  the  case  and  appealed  to  the 
general  court,  but  probaitly  did  not  prosecute  the  appeal. 

The  indenture  of  the  Indian  ])uy  i.>  the  only  document  pertaining 
to  Bennet's  afl'airs,  yet  found,  which  bears  the  signature  of  a  mem- 
ber of  his  first  wife's  family, — Jacob  Perkins,  brother  to  Lvdia, 
having  signed  as  a  witness,  and  Jacob  Perkins,  Jr.  subsequently 
•endorsing  on  the  instrunent  tliat  he  was  present  when  it  was  signed. 
But  the  families  were  nor  neighbors,  Bcnnet's  farm  being  more  than 
two  miles  from  the  village  where  the  Perkinses  lived,  and  this  suffi- 
ciently accounts  for  the  secnu'ng  lack  of  intercourse  between  them.. 

He  was  a  voter  in  town  allairs  in  167i.>,  but  does  not  appear  to 
have  ever  become  a  freeman. 

Mr.  Bennet  was  und'.ubtedly  a  shrewd,  sagacious,  energetic  man, 
though  his  education  seems  to  have  been  quite  limited.  He  had 
disposed  o^  his  real  estate  some  years  before  his  death,  and  living  lo 


1875.]  The  Bennet  Famihj  of  Ipswich.  .169     .     I 

a  quite  advanced  ape,  perhaps  bcconiin;^  the  second  time  a  widower,  < 

he  probably  settled    his    own   atlhirs   by  distributing,^  his   property  j 

among  his  childrou.     Certainly  there  is  no  Avill  of  his  or  any  ad-  j 

miiiistration  of  his  C5t;.ac  on  record.  I 

His  children,  as  far  as  known,  were  all  by  his  first  wife  and  born  : 

in  Ipswich.  J 

2.  i.  Jacob,  b.  10.51.  j 
ii.  JoH-V,  b.  1G55  ;  killed  at  Bloody  Brook,  Sept.  18,  ]C7i».  | 
iii.  "William,  b.  1G57  ;  living  at  Ipswich  1C85.  4 

3.  iv.   IIl.nuy,  b.  IGGL  ^  J 

4.  V.    TnoMAS,  b.  | 

Stephen  Bennet  died  July,  1G80,  and  Boiijamin  Bennet  witnessed  a  d'ed  ] 

in  1692.     These  may  have  been  sons  of  Henry  Bennet.  \ 

2.  Jacob'  Bennett,  born  1G51  ;  died  March  5,  1085-0.     Ho  J 

married  about  1075,   Sarah  ,  who  out]i\ed   him.     His  fnthcr  • 

conveyed  to  him  by  deed  of  gift,  ]\larcli  1,  1082-o,  Hfteen  hjts  u\'  \ 

uj)land  and  marsh  on  Hog  Island.      He  had  probably  occupied  this  j 

fann  for  ?ome  years  before  he  came  into  possession  of  it,  and   had  \ 

ids   home   on  it  at  the  time  of  his  death,  which  was  very  sudden.  | 

"Walking  with   hi-   frther  a  short  distance  from  his   house,  lie  Ji.ll  i 
forT\"ard  oi^  the  ice,  groaned  "  but  spoke  no  word,  and  was  presently 
quite  dead."     Daniel  Epps  and  Harlakenden  Symonds  were  on  the 
jury  of  inquest. 

After  his  children  had  come  of  age  they  joined  with  their  motticr 
in  deeding  their  patrimonial  estate,  which  then  comprised  twenty-one 
lots,  as  originally  laid  out,  to  Thomas  Choate,  an  ancestor  of  the 
late  Hon.  Kufus  Choate,  who  was  born  on  the  island  where  this  farm 
is  situated.     The  date  of  the  deed  is  March  4,  1704-5. 

His  children  were  : — 

i.    Jacob,  b.  Oct.  9,  1676. 

ii.    Sarah. 

iii.  Stephen. 

iv.   !Maiiy. 

V.    Ebenezer,  b.  June  20,  1686  ;  died  young. 

3.  Henry^*  Bennet,  bom  16G4;  married.  May  20,  1085,  Fen- 
ces, daugliter  of  John  and  ]Mary  (Smith)  Burr.  He  marrieil,  .sec- 
ond, Margaret .     His  children  were  : — 

i.  :Mary.  b.  March  3,  IGSo-G. 

ii.  Frances,  b.  vSej-t.  3,  1G04. 

iii.  MARrrAUET,  b.  ^larch  22,  1G97-3. 

iv.  JoAX.VA,  b.  Oct.  7,  1701. 

V.  Lucy,  b.  Nov.  29,  1703. 

4.  Thomas'*  Ben-n'et,  bom   ;   mamcd,    perhaps   1692, 

Elizabeth ,   who  died  Sept.   21,    1731.     He  died  1700.     In 

1602  his  father  deeded  to  him  a  small  portion  of  his  farm,  which  the 
widow  as  administratrix  sold  in  small  lots  at  varions  times  tiom 
1702  to  1707.     It  is  not  known  that  he  had  any  children. 

VOL.  X5IZ.  15* 


170  Ezra  Green,  M.D.  [April, 


EZRA  GREEX,  M.D.' 

SVRGEO.V   OX   BOARD   THE   RAXGKU   UNDER   JOHX   PALL  J0.VE3. 

HIS    rUCLIC   CAREER. 
(By  Com.  Geo.  IIenuy  Phf.ble,  U.S.N.) 

In  June,  1775,  tlic  Sunday  after  the  IxUtle  of  liuukcr  IIill,Dr.Ezra 
Green,  in  the  capacity  of  surp^con,  joined  the  Aiiicrlcan  army,  tlien 
under  the  command  of  Gen.  Artcmas  AVard,  and  was  stationed  with 
Eeed's  New-Iiauipsliirc  rcirimcnt  on  Winter  IJill  in  Charles to^A-n. 
Here  he  received  the  small j. ox  by  inoculation,  and  was  secluded  in 
the  hospital  at  Fresh  Pond,  Cambridire,  for  seventeen  days,  returning 
to  his  regiment  in  camp  on  Winter  Hill  the  20th  of  ^Nlarch,  177G. 

After  the  evacuation  of  Boston  by  the  British,  he  left  with  our 
■army  for  Xew-York,  going  by  way  of  Providence,  Norwich  and 
New-London,  where  they  embarked.  Having  remained  in  Xew- 
York  a  few  w-eeks,  they  proceeded  up  the  Hudson  to  Albany,  thence 
Tdy  batteauxto  Saratoga  ;  landed,  and  marched  to  Lake  George  ;  re- 
mained about  a  fortnight ;  went  down  Lake  George  in  battcaux, 
stopped  at  Ticonderoga ;  thence  proceeded  by  Lake  Charaplaln  to 
St.  John's  ;  thence  to  ]Montrcnl,  and  joined  Arnold.  There  the 
army  suffered  greatly  from  sickness,  lie  was  with  the  troops  which 
occupied  Mount.lndcj^cndcnce  until  December,  when,  on  the  advance 
of  the  British  under  Sir  Guy  Carleton,  the  American  forces  retreated 
to  Ticonderoga. 

The  following  letter,  addressed  to  his  friend  Mr.  Nath'l  Cooper, 
at  Dover,  Xew-Hampshire,  graphically  describes  the  situation  of 
the  American  army  at  that  time. 

Dea.r  Sir  :  '^^^''  ^^^^'^9^>  Got.  30,  1776. 

I  mast  beg  your  pardon  for  trouhlinrryou  with  so  many  of  my  letters, 
but  I  am  a  good  ileal  at  leisure,  and  ?o  lucky  an  opportutiity  of  conveyance 
offers,  that  I  can't  let  it  pa.ss  without  sending  you  one  line  or  two.  Since 
my  last,  our  Fleet  is  destroyed,  of  which  I  suppose  you  have  heard,  but  5 
Tessels  remaining  to  us" out  of  IC  sail.  The  eno-agement  began  on  Friday 
morning,  October  11th,  and  held  out  all  day.  They  surrounded  our  Fleet, 
but  in  the  night  succoeihng  the  engagement  they  very  narrowly  and  fortu- 
nately made  their  e?cape  and  came  up  towards  Crown  Point,  but  were 
overtaken  and  attacked  again  .Sunday  morning,  within  about  25  miles  of 
this  place.  Our  men  fought  bravely,  but  the  enemy  were  of  so  much 
greater  force  than  we  h:i<l  any  suspicion  of  that  our"  little  fleet  stood  no 
chance;  most  of  the  vessels  lost  wore  hlown  up.  sunk,  or  burnt  bv  our  own 
people,  they  escaping  by  lanil.  "We  lost,  killed,  about  50  ;  taken" prisoners, 
about  100,  which  are  dismissed  on  parole.  The  Indians  have  done  us  no 
damage  till  very  lately  they  waylaid  three  men,  kdl'd  one,  took  the  other 

'  Dr.  Green's  Dinry  while  or.  ho;ird  the  R.tnc^^rwas  pricteJ  in  the  January  Eomber  of  the 
KEGiarEH  tor  1875  {aiUs,  pp.  13-2ij.— [Editoe,]. 


1875.]  Ezra  Green,  M.D.  171 

two  prisoners,  who  are  sent  back  on  parole.  They  were  treated  very 
kiudly  bv  thu  Indians  as  well  as  by  the  King's  troops  who  were  at  the 
time  at  Crown  Toint  within  15  miles  of  this  place,  wheic  they  have  been  ever 
since  the  destruction  of  our  Kb^'t.  Wc  have  lately  been  alarm'd  se\eral 
times.  On  iNIonday  morning  last,  there  was  a  proper  alarm,  occasioned  by 
a  numbor  of  tlio  e'nomies  boats  which  hove  in  Bight,  and  a  report  from  a 
Ecouting  party  that  the  Knemy  were  moving  on;  whore  the  Fleet  is  "o^^- I 
can't  learn,  or  what  is  the  reason  they  don't  come  on  I  can't  conceive.  'Tis 
thought  thov  are  10  or  12  thousand  strong,  including  Canadians  and  In- 
dians. We'  are  in  a  much  better  situation  now  than  we  were  fourteen  days 
ago,  and  the  militia  are  continually  coming  in.  Our  sick  are  recovering, 
and  it  is  thought  wo  are  as  ready  fur  them  now  as  ever  we  shall  be.  There 
has  been  a  va"t  deal  of  work  done  since  the  fight,  and  we  think  ourselves 
in  so  good  a  position  that  we  shall  be  disappointed  if  they  don't  attack  us. 
However,  I  believe  they  wait  for  nothing  but  a  fair  wind.  In  my  next,  I'll 
tell  you  more  about  it.     In  the  meantime  I  am  yours  to  command. 

Ezra  Green. 
My  respects  to  your  lady  and  love  to  your  cluldren. 

P.  S.  1  have  some  thought  of  leaving  the  army  and  joining  the  navy, 
provided  I  can  get  a  berth  as  surgeon  of  a  good  continental  ship  or  a  pri- 
vateer. Should  lie  glad  if  you  would  enquire,  if  you  don't  know,  and  send 
wc  word  what  Incouragement  is  given  ;  and  let  me  know  if  any  ships  are 
liiting  out  from  Portsmouth,  and  you'll  oblige  your  friend,  E.  G. 

Dr.  Green  remained  with  the  troops  which  occupied  Mount  Inde- 
pendence until  they  left  the  position  in  December,  when  he  returned 
to  Albany,  and  there  left  the  army  and  returned  to  Dover,  New- 
Hampshire.  All  through  the  following  summer,  he  was  afflicted 
with  fever  and  ague,  but  in  October,  1777,  accepted  an  appointment 
as  surgeon  of  the  continental  ship-of-war  Eanger,  then  fitting  out  in 
Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  under  the  command  of  Capt.  John  Paul  Jones, 
and  nearly  ready  for  sea.  They  sailed,  as  his  diary  shows,  on  the 
1st  of  Xovembe'r,  1777,  for  France.  The  following  letter,  written 
to  his  friend  Mr.  Cooper,  describes  the  passage  out. 

On  Board  the  Ranger,  Peanheauf  Road, 
«Sm:  Dec.  4,  1777. 

By  a  Gentleman  who  is  writing  I  have  an  opportimity  just  to  present 
my  respects  to  yourself  and  lady,  and  to  inform  you  of  my  safe  arrival  at 
Peaubeauf  27  miles  below  Nantz  on  the  2d  of  December  current,  after  a 
passage  of  o2  days.  Our  people  all  in  good  health  and  high  spirits.  ^\  e  had 
as  good  weather  as  we  could  wish  'till  within  a  week  of  our  arrival.  In  the 
Bay  of  Biscay  we  had  a  very  heavy  Gale  of  Wind,  but  it  continued  but 
about  43  hours.     Saw  but  one  ship  of  war,  and  she  was  in  the  chops  of  the 

English  Channel,  with  a  Fleet  under  convoy. 1  have  the  happiness 

to  inform  you  of  the  Capture  of  two  Brigs,  on  the  25th  and  27th  of  No- 
vember, both  from  •Malaga  laden  with  wine  and  fruit,  which  on  my  own 
and  friends  account  could  wish  with  all  my  heart  were  in  Portsmouth,  New- 
Hampshire.  They  were  ordered  to  some  part  of  France,  but  have  not  yet 
heard  of  their  arrival.  There  is  nothing  new  here.  The  French  say  but 
little  about  a  war,  being  very  intent  on  getting  money.  Here  are  a  number 
of  vessels  fitting  out  for  America  in  the  trading  way.     The  news  of  Gen. 


172  Ezra  Green,  M.D.  [April, 

Burgoine  affiiir  got  here  just  before  us,  and  before  this  time  is  iu  all  parts 
of  Euiope. 

I  dou't  expect  we  shall  go  from  this  Place  tliesc  six  weeks,  as  there  is  a 
great  deal  wanting  to  be  dono  to  th.,  ship  iK'fore  she  will  go  to  sea  arrain. 
It  seems  probable  to  me  that  she  will  Ijo  ordered  directly  back  to  America, 
as  Boou  as  may  be.     Jn  the  meantime  I  am, 

With  the  greatest  sincerity  &  respect, 

Your  humble  servant, 

E.  Gkeen. 
Flease  to  present  my  best  regards  to  Susy',  &  love  to  your  little  chil- 
dren, &  salutations  to  all  enquiring  Friends. 
Mr.  Nathaniel  Cooper,  of  Dover, 

New-Hampshire, 

New-England. 

Dr.  Green  continued  in  tlie  Ranger  until  lier  return  to  Portsmouth 
in  October,  1778,  when  he  letl  hcr7an(l  returned  to  Dover. 

When  the  Eanger  was  refitted  in  the  following  spring,  under  the 
conmianJ  of  his  friend,  Capt.  T.  Simpson,  he  rejoined'' her  as  sur- 
geon, and  sailed  in  her  on  a  cruise  in  company  with  the  "Warren, 
22  guns,  Commodore  J.  B.  Hopkins,  and  ()uceu  of  France,  28, 
Capt.  J.  Ohicy;  the  hitter  a  Frencli  ship,  which  hud  been  purchased 
at  xS antes  for  the  American  government. 

While  on  this  cruise,  in  March,  tiicy  captured  a  privateer  schooner 
of  14  guns,  and  on  the  6th  of  April  the  schooner  liibernia,  of  8 
guns  and  45  men,  and  tlic  next  morning,  off  Cape  Henry,  six  more 
of  a  fle(.'t  of  nine  vessels,  viz.  :  the  ship  Jason,  Capt.  Porterfield,  20 
gims,  1,50  men;  ship  :\Iaria,  letter  of  marque,  IG  guns,  80  men, 
cargo  of  Hour,  6cc.  ;  and  brigs  Prince  Frederick,  Patriot,  Bachelors 
John,  and  schooner  Chance,  all  laden  with  stores  for  the  British 
army.  Among  the  prisoners  taken  was  a  Colonel  Campbell,  and 
twenty-three  army  officers  of  lesser  rank,  on  their  way  to  join  then- 
regiments  at  the  south.'  All  these  vessels  were  brought  into  Ports- 
mouth, N.  H.,  three  weeks  after  the  squadron  sailed  from  thence. 

On  another  cruise,  the  Panger,  still  connnanded  bv  Simpson,  in 
company  with  the  Providence,  28,  Commodore  xi.  ""Whipple  and 
Queen  of  France,  2S,  Capt.  J.  P.  Knthburn,'  on  the  17th  of  Julv, 
1779,  when  on  the  Br.nks  uf  Xewfoimdland,  fell  in  with  tiie  Jamaica 
fleet,  homeward  bound,  consisting  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  sail, 
convoyed  by  a  ship-of-the-line,  and  several  cruisers,  and  succeeded 
in  capturing  eleven  large  siiips,  of  seven  to  eight  hundred  tons, 
three  of  which  were  re-taken  ;  but  seven  of  them,  whose  car-^oes 
were  estimated  to  be  worth  $1,<JOO,(HjO,  were  broui^ht  safely  In  to 
Boston.  All  Boston  was  alarmed  at  the  sight  of  the  little  continental 
squadron  and  its  prizes,— ten  large  ships  standing  directly  into  the 

'  This  was  Susannah  Have',  whom  he  suli-oqucntlv  married. 

'  Emmons's  PIi.-torv  U.  S.  N.ivy,  177';-lJ).j;5. 

'  The  Quocn  of  Fr.mcc.  Vr<>v[.hm-c  .m.i  Kmi-er.  all  three  under  the  sam"  commanders 
were  sunk  at  Charleston,  S.  C,  Mav  12,  17S;..  l,v  the  British  SquucIronVl^e;  th^t^it  S 
surrendered  to  the  lorces  under  bir  lieun-  CJiutun.  '  ^ 


1875.] 


Ezra  Green,  M.D. 


173 


harbor, — believintr  tlicin  to  be  a  British  fleet.  The  buildings  were 
covered  M-'dh  spectntors.  The  cargoes,  consisting  of  rum,  sugar, 
logwood,  piiucuto,  t'ic,  were  delivered  one  half  to  the  government 
and  one  half  to  tlie  ca{)tors.* 

On  liis  return  from  this  successful  cruise.  Dr.  Green  resigned 
his  po.-ition  as  surgeon  of  the  Kanger  in  iiivor  of  Dr.  Parker,  of 
Exeter,  and  returned  to  Dover. 

In  1780  ho  sailed  on  another  cruise  in  the  xVlexandcr,  Captain 
]\IitehclI,  M  guns,  but  they  accomplished  nothing.  In  1781,  the  vessel 
havidg  b(;cn  fitted  up  as  a  letter  of  marque,  under  Captain  Simpson, 
lie  went  in  her  to  Fredericksburg,  Virginia,  and  they  took  thence  a 
load  of  tobacco  to  I'Oricut  in  France,  lie  returned  in  the  xVlcxander 
to  tiie  rnited  States  in  the  autumn  of  that  year,  wliich  concluded 
his  revolutionary  services. 


I>R.    GIIEEN'S    private    life    AXD    CIIARACTEll. 

(By  Walter  C.  Green.) 

My  father.  Dr.  Ezra  Green, 
was  born  in  iNIalden,  Mass.,  June 
17,  1745,  and,  after  he  was  gra- 
duated at  Harvard  College  in 
1765,  he  commenced  the  study  of 
medichie  and  surgery  with  Dr. 
Sprague,  of  Maiden,  finishing  liis 
course  with  Dr.  Fisher,  of  Xew- 
buryport.  He  then  went  to  Dover, 
Xew-Hampshire,  to  reside,  in 
1767,  where  he  was  in  successful 
practice  up  to  liis  appointment  as 
surgeon  in  the  army.  Dr.  Green's 
five  years  service  in  the  army  and 
navy  I  need  not  describe,  it  having 
been  already  narrated  by  Commo- 
dore Preble. 

About  the  same  time  that  Dr. 
Green  went  to  reside  at  Dover,  his 
friend  the  Rev.  Jeremy  Belknap,  from  Boston,  was  by  unanimous 
vote  invited  there  and  ordained  minister  of  the  Congregational  Society 
on  a  salary  of  £150,  payable  semi-annually,  and  there  he  preached 
for  eighteen  years.  This  small  pittance  being  inadequate  for  the 
support  of  himself,  his  wife,  two  sons  and  two  daughters,  he  asked  a 
dismissal,  and  returning  to  Boston,  he  was  soon  settled  as  minister 
over  the  Federal  Street  Society,  and  there  remained  until  his  greatly 
lamented  death,  June  20,  1798,  at  tlie  early  age  of  55  years.     Dr. 

»  The  Rev.  Dr.  Lotiirop's  Centennial  Sermon  at  Dover,  N.  H.,  June  23, 1846  (Appendix). 


174  Ezra  Green,  M.D.  [April, 

Belknap  was  my  fatlicr's  next-door  nei!]^libor,  and  the  close  intimacy 
so  enrly  coiumcucod  between  the  two  families,  never  abated  during 
their  lives. 

When  Dr.  Green  and  tlie  Kev.  Mr.  Bclk-nap  went  to  Dover,  my 
dear  mother  was  ci-ht  yeans  of  age,  and  \>cuvj^  of  a  lively,  pka- 
eant  disposit'on,  ainl  quick  apprehciipion,  with  an  ai-ilent  fondness 
for  books  and  study,  she  early  enlisted  their  kind  offices  in  the  di- 
rection of  her  various  studies  ;  and  to  them  she  was  largely  indebted 
for  her  excellent  education. 

On  the  loLh  of  December,  1778,  my  father  was  married  to  my 
moiher,  Susannah  Hayes,  of  Dover,  by  the  Kev.  Jeremy  Belknaj). 
This  fortunate  union  remained  unbroken,  save  for  his  absence  during 
the  remainder  of  his  service  in  the  navy,  until  it  was  severed  by  her 
death, — a  period  of  fifty-seven  years. 

In  a  letter  from  on  board  the  Ranger  dated  March  12,  1779,  Dr. 
Green  wi-ote  to  his  then  young  married  wife  :  "  I  never  felt  so  un- 
easy on  account  of  your  absence.  I  pray  we  may  not  long  bo 
separated  from  each  other,  but  as  Providence  seems  to  have  pointed 
out  this  to  me  as  a  duty,  I  desire  to  pursue  it  cheerfully  and  with 
good  couiage,  and  I  know  you  would  not  wish  me  to  turn  or  look 
back,  and  I  wish  you  all  the  happiness  of  this  world  and  that  to 
come."  As  soon  as  he  had  discharged  the  duty  here  mentioned,  that 
is,  on  the  termination  of  the  revolutionary  war.  Dr.  Green  relinquish- 
ed his  medical  practice  to  his  friend  and  successor,  Dr.  Jacob 
Kittredge,  to  whom  he  gave  his  surgical  instruments,  books  and 
medicines,  and  then  commenced  a  mercantile  business. 

Early  after  this  he  was  made  post-master  in  Dover,  vrhich  office 
he  voluntarily  resigned  after  several  years  of  faithful  duty. 

Dr.  Green  was  made  deacon  of  the  "First  Congregational  Ortho- 
dox Society"  in  Dover,  and  was  a  most  devout,  unfailing  attendant 
on  all  Sunday  or  week  day  religious  services,  despite  the  adverse 
weat  ler  of  severest  cold  or  snow  of  winter,  or  scorcliing  heat  of  sum- 
mer. My  ftither's  religious  education  gave  to  his  early  and 
middle  life  a  degi-ee  of  asceticism  that  controlled  his  thoui^hts  and 
conduct;  but  from  this  in  his  later  years,  with  a  wider  ranrre  of  re- 
ligious and  theological  information,  and  with  greater  experience  and 
reflection,  he  happily  emerged  into  broader  views  of  the  truths  of 
Christianity.  These  gave  him  fresh  vitality,  and  added  a  more  o-entle 
influence  and  sweetness  to  his  character. 

In  the  year  1827,  Dr.  Green,  with  many  others  of  similar  reli- 
gious belief,  withdrew  from  the  First  Congregational  Church,  and 
formed  the  First  Unitarian  or  Second  Congregational  Society 
in  Dover.  In  the  affairs  of  tlie  new  society,  though  nearly  80  vears 
of  age,  he  took  an  active  and  prominent  part,  and  especiallv  in  erect- 
ing, during  the  year  1828,  a  large  commodious  church,' in  which 
the  Rev.  Samuel  Kirkhiud  Lothrop  soon  after  was  called  to  preach 
as  the  ftrst  pastor  of  the  society :  presiding  in  that  ministry  with 


1875.]  Ezra  Green,  M.D.  lib 

satisfactory  zeal  and  fidelity  for  five  years,  until  1834,  when  he  was 
called  away  to  a  ^vidcr  field  of  usefulness,  to  the  j)astorship  of  the 
Brattle  Square  Church  in  Boston,  Avherc  he  happily  officiates  to  tliid 
late  day  with  no  diminution  of  ai'dor  and  faith. 

Dr.  Green  and  family  were  Ibnd  of  friendly  eocial  intercourse,  and 
his  docrs  ^\"re  ever  cpen  and  largely  frequented  by  the  refined  and 
cultivated  persons  of  both  sexes,  who  appreciated  their  society  and 
liberal  hospitality. 

In  the  various  aflairs  of  the  town,  he  took  a  lively  interest,  and 
under  his  charge  tlic  first  school-house  was  built ;  and  for  educational 
and  religious  purposes,  tiie  dissemination  of  the  Scriptures  at  home 
and  abroad,  and  support  of  the  ministry,  he  was  always  a  willing 
contributor. 

From  time  to  time  ho  served  as  selectman,  or  as  surveyor  of  the 
highways  and  by-ways,  and  now  and  then  as  moderator  at  the  town- 
meetings,  where  the  clashing  parties  of  Federalists  and  Democrats 
met,  with  passionate  party  feelings,  which  at  times  raged  with  scarce 
contrullable  fury. 

From  active  mercantile  business  in  1811,  he  sought  that  domestic 
quietude  with  his  devoted  wife  and  family  he  so  fondly  cherished, 
and  ihere  he  largely  indulged  his  taste  in  reading  to  their  ever  atten- 
tive ears.  He  was  no  hum-drum  reader,  but  with  a  clear  VDice  and 
superior  elocutionary  powers  he  rendered  his  various  readings  pleas- 
ingly attractive,  and  this  was  his  fondest  daily  enjoyment,  up  to  the 
very  verge  of  his  prolonged  years. 

My  dear  mother  had  but  a  feeble  constitution,  yet  I  never  laiew 
her  depressed  in  spirits.  Her  well-stored,  retentive  memory  made 
her  society  attractive  to  the  old  and  young  who  frequented  her  house  ; 
and  as  a  wife  and  mother,  she  was  in  all  her  duties  w^atchfully  dili- 
gent and  greatly  endeared  by  her  family.  Her  life  was  that  of  a 
liberal  Clii'istian,  and  she  awaited  her  exit  from  this  world  with 
patient  resignation,  and  in  the  happy  belief  of  an  immediate  entrance 
into  a  future  life  of  an  endless  duration  and  happiness  ;  and  thus  she 
passed  away,  on  the  3d  of  April,  1836,  in  the  77th  year  of  her  age. 

During  those  early  times  it  was  the  prevailing  fashion,  whatever 
the  hour  of  a  frieiidly  call,  to  invite  the  guest  to  imbibe  as  he  miiTht 
prefer  from  the  several  potations  before  him.  The  custom  was  a  per- 
nicious one,  and  when  the  temperance  societies  sprung  up,  Dr. 
Crreen,  though  always  a  most  temperate  person,  was  the  first  to 
enter  his  name  on  the  list  of  "total  abstinence,'"'  not  from  the  least 
necessary  restrictive  requirement  on  his  part,  but  because  he  hoped 
it  might  prove  an  ctlicient  example  for  many  of  his  fellow-townsmen, 
who  were  infiuenced  and  demoralized  by  this  habitual  indulgence. 

He  had  no  craving  desire  for  official  position  or  for  public  noto- 
riety. He  was,  however,  honored  by  several  governors  of  the  state 
with  a  commission  as  justice  of  the  peace,  and  Avas  also  chosen  one 
of  the  delegates  at  large,  and  chairman  of  the  state  convention  for 


176  Ezra  Green,  M.D.  [April, 

the  adoption  of  the  constitution  of  the  United  States.  His  vote 
gave  a  majority  in  its  I'avor,  an  event  of  profound  iniportaucc  for 
New-Hampshire,  to  which  the  otlier  a>'.senting  states  were  k>oking 
for  this  hoped  for  result,  '.vitli  no  small  doubt  and  distrust  of  feeling. 
He  had  a  fond  taste  for  horticulture,  and  in  his  garden  it  M'as 
his  daily  enjoyment  to  spend  a  few  hours  in  healthful  exercise, 
where  he  gloried  over  his  various  fruits  and  delicacies.  From  his 
wife's  farm  of  150  acres,  four  miles  from  town,  most  of  the  staple 
necessanes  of  life  were  produced,  so  that  at  his  table,  where  there 
was  no  needless  waste,  there  was  a  sufficiency  to  satisfy  the  keenest 
appetite  or  most  dainty  palate.  His  garden  at  one  time  had  moye 
than  thirty  peach  trees,  most  of  which  were  killed  by  an  untimely 
snow-storm  in  June,  when  they  were  in  full  blossom.  The  few 
which  escaped  during  my  boyhood  I  well  remember  for  their  luscious 
flavor. 

He  was  no  less  fond  of  pomology,  and  during  the  fall  season  he 
took  me  behind  liim  on  his  horse  A\'hity  to  the  tarm  to  assist  in  car- 
rying the  implements  for  ingrafting  his  young  thrifty  apple  orchard, 
and  with  oager  eyes  I  v,  atchcd  the  tound  sokcted  brancli  from  which 
with  fine  saw  he  lopped  off  the  upper  portion.  Next  with  mallet 
and  eliistl  midway  the  stalk  was  cleft  fur  tlie  Avedge-cut  scion's  in- 
sertion where  the  two  barks  met  to  catch  the  up  flowing  sap  in  sprin'T. 
Then  with  trowel  the  plastic  clay  was  overlaid  to  hold  firm  the 
scions  against  the  rude  blasts  of  winter,  and  then  the  flaxen  tow  was 
wound  around,  and  last  of  all  a  bandage  deftly  fastened,  and  all  so 
artistically  done,  as  iu  a  few  years  well  repaid  him  with  its  ample 
fruitage.  Several  trees  were  grafted  with  scions  cut  from  an  aged  tree 
in  Massachusetts,  the  bark  nearly  destroyed  by  the  wood-peckers,  and 
hence  its  name  of  "Pecker- Apple."  It  attained  a  large  size,  re- 
sembling the  well-known  Baldwin,  though  firmer  and  handsomer  ;  and 
when  ripe  in  mid-winter,  it  was  with  its  crisp  golden  pulp  and  juicy 
flavor  the  most  delicious  apple  I  have  ever  eaten. 

Dr.  Green  was  an  ardent  patriot  and  Federalist,  a  brave  and  con- 
sistent champion  of  that  independence  he  had  helped  to  win,  and  a 
zealous  advocate  for  that  constitution  he  had  aided  to  establish. 
From  early  life  to  the  last  he  was  an  opponent  of  the  institution  of 
slavery,  and  predicted  that  sooner  or  later  the  free  and  slave  states 
would  be  involved  in  a  hitter  controversy  on  that  account.  That  he 
was  spared  the  realization  of  his  fears,  was  a  mercy  to  his  sensitive 
heart. 

In  his  mode  of  life  he  aimed  at  no  ostentatious  show.  Polite  and 
affable  in  his  deportment,  he  won  the  respect  due  to  courteous  man- 
ners. 

In  personal  appearance  and  contour  of  face,  he  was  not  unlike 
Gen.  Washington,  fur  wiinm  he  was  often  taken  while  in  tlie  army. 
In  stature  he  was  six  feet  three  inciics  tall  ami  proportionatelv  large 
in  frame ;  and  whether  walking  or  sitting,  he  always  maintained   a 


1875.]  Ezra  Green,  M.D.  177 

very  erect  position.  The  woodcut  enn;raving  which  accompanies 
this  sketch  roprosents  Dr.  Green  at  the  age  of  fifty-five  years, 
and  is  a  very  perfect  outline  likencts.  Tlic  steel  engraved  por- 
trait of  Dr.  Green  wliich  also  accompanies  this  number  of  the 
Keoisteu,  is  intended  to  represent  him  at  the  age  of  one  hundred 
years.  lie  had  a  so  uid,  vigorous  constitution,  strengthened  and 
preserved  by  uuiform  temperate  habits,  daily  physical  exercise, 
early  hours  for  retirement,  and  rising  with  the  opening  day.  At 
the  age  of  82  years  he  ffll  and  broke  his  thigli  bone  where  it  entered 
its  socket ;  and  little  did  he  or  his  physician  bcHeve  that  at  his  ad- 
vanced age  it  would  ever  unite,  as  it  did  after  several  months  con- 
fmeuKut'to  his  bed;  so  that  in  the  course  of  time,  with  the  aid  of 
crutdi  or  cane,  he  was  enabled  to  hobble  about  liis  house  and  garden, 
and  occasionally  to  attend  church. 

Ten  vears  niore  had  nearly  elapsed,  when  another  more  serious 
accident  bcfol  him.  From  an  early  morning  stroll  in  front  of  his 
housc,  he  came  in  doors,  and  standing  by  the  window  reading,  was 
suddenly  prostrated  backward  to  the  floor,  seemingly,  to  him,  by  a 
violent  blnv,'  on  his  cranium,  and  so  wrenching  his  spinal  column,  as 
deprived  him  ever  after  of  all  power  of  locomotion.  llappUy  this 
accident  was  unattended  with  pain,  and  there  in  his  cosey  easy  chair, 
with  books,  papers,  &c.  around  him,  his  days  and  years  flew  apace 
without  weariness  or  complaint,  and  with  that  sweet  serenity  of  mind 
and  calm  christian  patience  which  won  the  most  devotioned  care  and 
aficctionrite  love  of  his  t^vo  only  surviving  daughters. 

From  his  personal  friends,  he  had  frequent  social  visits,  and  from 
strangers  not  a  few,  from  far  and  near,  attracted  by  his  venerable 
age,  or  a  desire  to  hear  him  recount  his  varied  experience  during  our 
revolutionary  war.  Groups  too  of  merry  children,  for  whom  he  had 
a  kindly  fondness,  came  often  with  tasteful  flowers  to  greet  him. 
Such  indeed  was  his  uniform  gentleness  of  disj)osition,  and  lively 
intere  -t  in  all  pubhc  and  domestic  affairs,  that  he  left  questionable  evi- 
dence on  the  minds  of  not  a  few  strangers,  as  to  the  extreme  old 
age  attributed  to  him. 

Here,  in  conclusion,  I  will  add  that,  on  learning  my  dear  father's 
ii.dispt.:>ition,  I  hastened  to  see  him,  and  found  him  suffering  some- 
what, as  it  seemed,  from  the  effects  of  a  cold  and  cough.  To  gratify 
me  he  took  some  homeopathic  pellets  I  recommended,  smilingly  re- 
marking that  such  an  infinitesimal  potion  could  neither  kUl  nor  cure. 
Finding  himself  the  next  morning  mucli  relieved,  he  exclaimed 
that  that  was  not  what  he  desu-ed,  '"for  it  has  been  my  diiily  prayer 
the  last  year  to  my  Heavenly  Father,  to  take  me  to  himself,  and  I 
believe  he  has  kept  me  here  a  year  longer,  for  my  ceaseless  impor- 
tunity." Whereat  I  asked,  have  you  not  enjoyed  your  usual  good 
health  and  the  happy  intercourse  with  your  devoted  daughters  and 
friends?  O  yes  !  that  I  have,  and  every  worldly  comft>rt  and  enjoy- 
ment I  desire,  but  now  I  long  to  depart.     Like  the  late  renowned 

VOL.  XXIX.  16 


178  Ezra  Green,  M.D.  [April, 

jMr3.  ]\rary  Somcrville,  of  P^nglaml,  he  dn-adod  the  possibility  of  his 
physical  powers  outliving  his  mental  faculties  ;  anil  then  said,  "what 
an  incubus  I  should  be  to  my  loving  daughters,  who  would  tiieu 
■wish  me  in  my  gva-\'C." 

Happily  wa?  it  that  he  was  exempt  from  all  those  fretful,  fractious 
feelings  to  wliich  aged  people  are  oceasionaliy  subject.  Such  was 
his  universal  cheerful  temperament  and  mental  activity,  that  his  death 
to  his  idolizinij  daughters  was  no  less  frrievous  than  that  of  a  motlier's 
over  a  darling  child ;  and  so  it  was,  that  this  emmently  good  and 
venerable  man's  prayer  was  soon  after  my  visit  indulged,  and  on 
July  "ih,  1847,  he  expired  at  the  very  advanced  age  of  101  years 
and  20  days,  retaining  to  his  last  hour  a  clear  unclouded  mind,  and 
with  the  full  faith  and  confiding  hope  of  entering  a  future  world  of 
progressive  improvement  and  happiness. 

On  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  Dr.  Green's  birth-day,  the 
28th  of  June,  184G,  his  former  friend  and  pastor,  the  Hev.  Samuel 
Iv.  Lothrop,  of  Boston,  preached  in  Dover  a  commemorative  dis- 
course* on  this  event,  and  from  its  appendix  I  make  the  following 
extract : — 

Dr.  Green  is  still  able  to  employ  himself  with  books  for  several  hours 
every  day.  He  reads  tlie  jjapers,  and  keeps  himself  well  informed  upon  all 
public  affairs,  and  retains  his  interest  in  them.  As  an  e\"idence  of  the  de- 
claration that  '•  the  intellect  and  the  lioart  have  been  slightly  touched  by 
time,"  I  am  permitted  to  pul^lish  the  following  extracts  from  a  record,  made 
in  my  journal,  of  an  interesting  inter\iew  had  with  him  after  service  on  the 
Sunday  on  which  the  sermon  was  preached.  I  had  said  that  he  was  so  well 
and  strong  that  perhaps  his  life  would  still  bo  prolonged  some  years ;  to 
which  he  replied — '•  I  know  not  how  long  T  may  live.  *  Death  was  always  a 
very  solemn  and  affecting  thing  to  me.  When  a  young  man  nothing  affected 
or  impressed  me  so  much  as  a  funeral.  It  has  been  so  through  life  and  is 
so  now.  I  contemplate  death  with  awe.  It  is  a  solemn  thing  to  die,  to 
exchange  worlds,  to  enter  upon  an  untried,  spiritual,  eternal  state  of  being, 
of  which  we  can  form  no  adecjuate  conceptions.  To  appear  before  an 
omniscient  God,  to  account  for  the  deeds  done  in  the  body,  all  of  them, 
through  a  long  life,  is  a  solemn  thing;  I  feel  it  to  be  so — I  have  always  felt 
it.  But  I  thank  God  that  I  am  ahle  to  contemplate  him  as  my  Father  in 
Heaven.  Through  Jesus  Ciiri.st,  the  mediator,  I  have  hope  in  his  mercy, 
and  a  perfect  trust  in  his  paternal  gooilness."     *  *  *  * 

These  observations,  and  others  in  a  similar  strain,  were  made  spon- 
taneously, with  pauses  in  which  he  seemed  to  be  collecting  his  thoughts,  but 
with  only  a  single  question  put  to  him  on  my  part.  I  publish  them,  not  on 
account  of  the  particular  religious  opinions  which  thoy  express,  but  for  the 
evidence  they  afford  of  the  unai)ate<l  vigor  and  activ^ity  of  his  intellect  at  the 
age  of  an  hundred  years.  I  have  gi\en  very  nearly  his  exact  words.  He 
was  much  affected  during  the  utterance  of  these  sentiments,  and  evidently 

^  The  Coxsolation3  of   Old   Are.  I  A  |  Sermon  |  Preached  at  the  |  First  Unitarian 
Church,  in  Dover,  N.  H.  |  On  the  '2Stli  of  June,  LSi'!,  |  Beinj:  the  One  Hiirnircdth  Birth-t'av 
I  of  I  Ezra  Green,  M.D.  |  The  Ol.hj<t  Livini;  Gsaduiuc    of  Harvard  College.  |  By  S.  K. 
Lothrop,  I  Pastor  of  the  Church  in  Bnutle  Sciu:ive,  Boston:  |  1&16.  |  Eastbum's  Press.  | 
[8ro.  pp.  25.] 


1875.]  Ezra  Green,  M.D.  179 

spoke  from  the  borf cm  of  an  earnest  and  sincere  heart.  The  interview  was 
exceedingly  intpre,tln£^,  and  left  ou  those  present  the  irapression  that  he  was 
ripe  for  the  Kiii-doni  of  Heaven,  and  that  an  old  age  surrounded  by  so 
many  comforts,  with  the  intellect  and  the  heart  so  little  impaired,  was  not 
so  sad  and  gloomy  a  period  as  we  sometimes  imagine. 

In  Jiinc,  18 IG,  he  received  the  following  letter  from  Daniel 
Webster : 

TVAsniNGTON,  June  17,  1840. 

My  Dear  Sik: — I  hope  you  remember  me  at  that  period  of  my  life, 
when  I  was  in  the  habit  of  attending  the  Courts  at  Dover,  and  when  J  had 
the  pleasure  of  enjoying  your  society  and  liospitality. 

And  T  hope  that  in  subse<iueut  life  I  have  made  some  efforts  which  you 
have  approved,  for  the  maintenance  of  those  poliiical  principles  to  which,  us 
a  friend  and  follower  of  Washington,  you  have  ever  been  attached,  and 
which  1  have  heard  you  so  often  and  so  intelligently  defend.  This  is  the 
day*  on  which  you  complete  the  hundreth  year  of  your  age.  Will  you  allov? 
me,  therefore,  to  greet  you,  to-day,  with  a  respectful  and  friendly  letter, 
couL^ratulating  you  on  the  degree  of  strength,  mental  and  bodily,  which 
PriTviilence  aUows  you  to  enjoy,  so  far  beyond  the  lot  of  man,  and  tender- 
\v.g  to  you  my  cordial  and  affectionate  good  wishes  for  your  continued  health 
and  haiipiness.  I  send  you  a  copy  of  a  speech  lately  made  by  me  in  the 
senate,  and  remain,  dear  sir, 

Your  friend  and  obedient  servant, 

Dr.  Ezra  Green.  Daniel  Webster. 


To  my  cousin  the  Hon.  James  D.  Green,  of  Cambridge,  Mass., 
I  am  indebted  for  the  following  authentic  annals  from  his  manu- 
script volume,  in  the  New-England  Ili.^toric,  Genealogical  Society 
in  Boston,  relative  to  his  and  my  father's  earliest  progenitors. 

Dr.  Green's  earhest  ancestor  who  came  from  England  to  this  country, 
was : 

1  James^  Green,  yeoman,  24  years.  He  was  an  inhabitant  of  Charles- 
to\\r,,  1634,  and  admitted  freeman  of  the  colony  in  1G47,  purchasing  lands 
and  settlmg  in  "  Mystic  Fields,"  since  called  ]ilalden.  He  died  March  21>, 
1687,  aged  77  years,  leaving  a  widow  and  two  sons,  John  and  Janies.  Af- 
ter a  proper  provision  for  his  widow  and  son  James,  he  willed  his  "  lands 
and  JiousLng  thereoii"  to  his  son  John. 

2.  John'  (James^),  the  eldest  son  of  James,  was  born  about  1650  and 
died  at  the  age  of  .59,  leaving  a  widow,  three  daughters  and  one  son, 
Samuel,  to  whom,  after  providing  for  his  widow  and  daughters,  he  by  will 
gave  all  his  lands  in  Maiden  and  Charlestown  "  to  him  and  his  heirs  for- 
ever." 

3,  Samuel'  {John,*  James^),  who  was  born  in  1679,  was  a  representative 
of  the  town\  in  the  general  court  in  1742.  His  wife  died  at  the  age  of  72, 
and  he  died  February  21,  17G1,  at  the  age  of  82,  leaving  four  sons:  James, 
John,  Timothy  and  Ezra,  and  one  daughter,  Mary  Dana.     To  his  beloved 

♦  Mr.  Wchstcr  fixed  the  date  according  to  the  "  old  style"  of  reckoning,  which  explains 
the  apptu-<.>nt  discrepancy  between  his  statement  and  the  date  named  in  Dr.  Lothropa 
sermon.— [EL'tTOPw] 


180  Ezra  Green,  M.D.  [April, 

eon  Ezra,  he  by  will  gave  all  the  remainder  auci  residue  of  his  real  and  per- 
sonal e'^tate,  he  p-iying  liis  dcl>ts,  funeral  cxjienses  and  the  various  bequests 
to  his  oilier  children  and  granddaughters. 

4.  Ezra*  (Samuel,^  John,^  Jop^'^s^),  ••vas  born  in  1714,  and  married 
Sarah  Hutchinson,  who  died  July  7,  1741,  at  the  age  of  2G  years.  His 
second  v,lfe,  Eunice  Burrell,  of  Lynn,  died  October  20,  1760,  aged  47, 
leaving  tv.'o  sons,  Kzi.-i  and  Bernard.  For  his  third  wife,  he  married  IMary 
Vinton,  by  whom  he  had  one  son,  Aaron.  Said  Ezra  Green  was  deacon  of 
the  church  in  Maiden,  selectman  and  representative  in  the  general  court 
during  the  years  of  1700,  '61  and  '62.  lie  died  April  23,  176s,  at  the  age 
of  54  years.  By  his  will,  after  providing  fur  his  beloved  widow  Mary,  he 
gave  to  his  son  Ezra  twenty  acres  of  land  in  Chelsea,  and  about  five  acres 
near  "  Penny  Ferry,"  apart  from  what  he  had  paid  for  his  collegiate  and 
medical  education,  and  the  gift  of  a  horse,  which  he  deemed  equivalent  to 
the  homestead,  real  and  personal  (except  what  he  had  disposed  of  to 
his  son  Aaron,  besides  his  collegiate  educational  expenses),  which  he 
bequeathed  to  his  son  Bernard,  making  as  it  did  the  fifth  generation,  and 
embracing  more  than  two  hundred  years  since  its  first  purchase  by  James 
Green  in  1610. 

Dr.  Green  was  in  his  second  year's  naval  service,  when,  by  the  Rev. 
Jeremy  Belkrnp.  ho  was  married  to  Susuuna  Hayes  in  the  twentieth  year 
of  her  age.  She  was  then  reputed  to  have  been  quite  handsome  and  a  great 
favorite  with  all  her  a<^quaintance.  She  had  a  delicate  and  petite  figure,  nut- 
brown  hail',  and  shaded  bright  hazel  eyes  which  lit  up  her  regular  cut 
features  with  a  winning  expression,  which  played  over  a  soft  transparent 
complexion,  lovely  as  a  fresh-blown  rose. 

Her  father's  will,  making  his  estate  reversionary  in  the  event  of  his 
daughter's  decease  vrithout  issue,  happily  placed  her  and  her  husband  in  no 
such  unpleasant  dilemma ;  for  in  the  brief  time  of  nineteen  years,  thirteen 
■children  were  born  to  them,  viz. : 

i.      Er^•Icz,  b.  Julv  1,  1780  ;  d.  Oct.  7,  1762. 

ii.     Reuben  Hates,  b.  Aug.  20,  1783. 

iii.    Charles,  b.  March  26,  17S5 ;  d.  April  5,  1854. 

iv.    Deborah  Shackford,  b.  March  20,  1787  ;  d.  May  7,  1860. 

T.      Sarah,  b.  Oct.  19,  1788;  d.  Nov.  2.  1874. 

vi.    Sa3(uel,  b.  Jan.  4,  1790  ;  d.  Jan.  23,  1791. 

vii.   Martha,  b.  July  13,  1791 ;  d.  Nov.  25.  1792. 

viii.  EcNiCE,  b.  Oct.  8,  1792  ;  d.  May  25.  1839. 

ix.    A  Daughter,  b.  July  15,  1794;  still-born. 

X.     Martha,  b.  June  9,  1795  ;  d.  Aug.  3,  1795. 

xi.    A  Son-,  b.  April  27,  1796 ;  still-born. 

xii.  Samuel,  n.  Oct.  5,  17:^7;  d.  Nov.  3,  1S23. 

xiii.  Waltetv  Cooper,  b.  July  1,  1799. 

My  mother's  earliest  paternal  ancestor*  in  America, 

1.  John*  Hates,  is  said  to  have  emigrated  from  Scotland  about  1680, 
and  settled  in  Dover,  New-Hampshire.  He  h.ad  a  grant  of  land  in  1693. 
By  his  wife  Mary  Horn,  he  had  seven  sons  and  three  daughters,  viz.: 

2.  i.  John',  b.  16S6.  vi.     Williau,  b.  Sept.  6,  1698. 

ii.  Peter.  vii.   BENJAiiiN,  b.  ,1700. 

iii.  Reuben'.  viii.  A  Dalchter,  m.  Phipps. 

iv.  IcHABOD,  b.  March  13, 1691-2.  ix.    A  Daughter,  in.  Ambrose. 

V.  Samuel,  b.  March  16,  1694-5.  x.     A  Dalchter. 

*  I  am  mainlr  indebted  for  the  annils  of  my  mother's  paternal  ancestry  to  Jolm  R.Ham. 
MJ).,  of  Dover,  N.H. 


1875.]  The  First  Minister  of  Mendon,  Mass.  181 

2.  Joitn'  (/o/i/i*),  married  INIrs.  Tomson,  and  lived  at  Tole-End,  four 
miles  from  Dover  curner.'  He  was  a  deacon  of  the  First  Congregatioual 
Society  in  Dover.     They  liad  eight  children,  viz. : 

i.  An.v,  b.  June  3,  1719. 

3.  ii.  llELiiEX,  b.  >hiy  8,  1720  ;  d.  17G-3. 

iii'.  JosEi'i',  b.  Mai'ii  15,  17'20. 

iv.  Blnjamin,  b.  Murcli  fi,  17'23. 

V.  Mkuitauel,  b.  Dec.  11,  17"2j. 

vi.  John',  went  to  North  Yaruioutli,  Maine,  to  reside, 

vii.  Elijah,  wont  to  LVrwiek,  Maine. 

viii.  IciiAiiOD,  went  to  Uerwick,  Maine. 

3.  Rr.unKN'  {John*  Jo/ui'),  was  born  ^[ay  S,  1720.  lie  lived  at  Tole- 
End  and  married  Abigail  Shackford,  by  whom  he  had  only  one  child,  viz. : 

i.      SfSANNA,  b.  March  23,  1759. 

ReuLoii  Hayes  died  in  17G2,  at  the  early  age  of  42  years,  and  by  his  will, 
after  a  liberal  provision  for  his  wife  Abigail,  he  gave  all  the  residue  of  his 
estate,  real  and  personal,  to  his  only  cliild  Susanna  Hayes,  consisting  oi  his 
farm  of  150  acres  at  Tole-End,  with  this  reservation  that,  in  case  "  his  said 
danirhtcr  Susanna,  at  her  decease,  should  leave  no  issue  of  her  body  lawfully 
beg(,'tten  surviving,  then  my  will  is  that,  my  whole  estate  that  shall  then  be 
remaining,  both  real  and  personal,  shall  revert  and  be  divided  among  my 
four  lirethren,  namely,  Benjamin,  John,  Ichabod  and  Elijah  Hayes." 


THE  FIRST  MINISTER  OF  :MEXD0N,  ^IASS. 

By  the  Hon.  Johx  G.  Metcalf,  M.D.,  of  Mendon. 

THE  towTi  of  Mendon  was  incorporated  May  15,  1667  O.  S., 
and  although  the  general  court  did  not  (as  was  usually  the  case 
in  the  early  settlement  of  Massachusetts)  enjoin  them  to.  have  an 
orthodox  minister  settled  with  theui  w^Ithin  a  given  time,  neverthe- 
less they  early  turned  theii*  attention  to  the  subject,  as  the  following 
extracts  from  the  records  of  the  to^\^^  will  show. 

At  a  town  meeting  held  Sept  10,  16G7,  '-Then  ordered  to  build  A 
minister's  house  for  the  Jirst  that  shall  be  settled  hecre  Antl  a  40  acer 
bouse  Lott  layd  to  it  of  Land  w"*  all  other  nrotiitts  and  Privilidges 
and  Meadow  proportionable  as  anv  other  40acor  lotts  shall  iuive  to  him  and 
his  heyres  confirmed  to  him  and  to  sett  it  in  the  most  convenient  place  in 
the  Towue." 

'•  April  24,  G3.  Ordered  to  send  A  Letter  to  give  Mr.  Benjamin 
Allot  A  call,  w""  his  father's  leave,  and  A  letter  sent  to  that  effect." 

The  Benjamin  Allot  (Eliot?)  here  mentioned  has  always  been  sup- 
posed to  have  been  the  sixth  son  of  the  "  Apostle  of  the  Indians  ;" 
but  if  the  Genealogical  Sketch  of  the  Eliot  Family  of  Xazing.  as 
printed  on  p.  14,5  of  the  Register,  April,  1874,  is  correct,  this 
could  not  be,  as  Benjamin,  tlie  son  of  the  apo.->tle,  had  already  been 

VOL.  XXIX.  16* 


182  TJie  First  Minister  of  Mendon,  Mass.  [April, 

in  his  grave  ten  years,  dying,  according  to  the  "Sketch,"  Oct.  15, 
1657.  Is  the  date  of  liis  death  correctly  efated?  However,  the 
Benjamin  Aliot,  called  above,  whoever  he  may  have  l)een,  did  not 
put  in  an  appearance,  and  nothing  more  was  heard  of  him. 

On  the  same  day  the  call  was  scut  to  Eliot  it  was "  Agreed  on  then  alsoe 
by  the  maior  p'te  of  ye  Inliahitaat?  at  tliis  Townc  ^Meeting  that  the  Meeting 
house  shall  be  sett  on  the  highest  side  or  p'te  of  the  land  wch  is  A  high- 
way neere  to  Joseph  White's  saw  pitt  in  his  house  lott  and  to  erect  it  with 
all  speede." 

"  Sept.  25,  68.  Att  A  General  Towne  ^loctinge  It  is  ordered  that  the 
Selectmen  doe  take  care  to  gett  the  JMeetiug  house  Erected  in  the  Place 
formerly  agreed  on  upon  the  best  And  cheapest  Tearmes  they  can  for  the 
Good  of  ye  Towue — the  breadth  22  foote  Square  12  foote  Studd  the  Ruffe 
gathered  to  A  7  foote  Square  wth  A  Turrett. 

"  October  following  we  gave  Job  Hide  an  order  to  goe  on  w*^  the  work 
w'**  is  heere  incerted — The  Towne  then  gave  Deacon  Hide  leave  until 
May  the  first  .69  to  settle  w"'  his  family  and  Job  alsoe. 

'•  It  is  agreed  on  by  the  Selectmen  for  the  more  ease  of  the  Poeple  heere 
and  the  speedie  carringe  on  of  the  building  that  Job  Hide  doe  under  take 
the  whole  warke  for  the  well  Managiue  ot"  the  frame  of  the  Meetinge  house 
and  for  his  Paynes  and  several  days  v/arke  that  hee  shall  doe  at  it  shall  be 
allowed  2'.  6"^.  pr  day,  but  not  to  deiluct  it  out  of  his  or  his  tfather's  pay 
for  tLeire  lotts  but  to  Peceive  it  as  wee  can  make  it — And  every  person  in 
Towne  that  can  wark  doe  assiste  him  as  much  as  shall  come  to  ther  Rates 
as  heereafter  shall  be  Agreed  on  for  each  lott  to  beare,  whose  affection  to 
soe  good  A  wark  will  be  known  thereby  Carringe  for  God's  glory  and  the 
Publique  good,  faithfully  and  speedily  to  perfectt  it  as  the  season  will  per- 
mitt." 

As  nothing  more  is  heard  about  building  the  meeting-house  it  is 
supposed  that  it  was  completed  by  Job  Hide,  although  neither  he 
nor  his  father  removed  to  ]Meiidon. 

"ffeb  ii.  69  :  Agreed  that  the  Townesmen  [Selectmen]  w'^  Goodman 
Alby,  Goodman  Harber  &  Waiter  Cook  doe  see  that  the  Minister's  house 
be  soeediiy  set  forward  in  gettinge  all  things  in  A  readiness  To  buUd  it  and 
ereCL  it  where  the  place  is  Agreed  on  w"'  the  length  breadth  hei'mt  w'*^  all 
dimensions  formerly  Agreed  to  to  complcat  it  w""  speed  And  to  finish  it — 
to  bee  carryed  on  in  A  way  of  A  Rate  w'=^  is  thought  the  best  way  to 
ease  charges  and  speede  tlie  warke." 

"  ]V[ay  10"'  .69  The  selectmen  Mett  &  ordered  the  speedy  carringe  the 
ffrarae  of  the  ^linister's  house  and  that  Tliomas  Juell  doe  provide  400  of 
good  Clapboards  upon  his  owne  accom{)t  and  bring  them  to  the  frame  as 
Goodman  Barnes  and  Goodman  Read  shall  approve  of  and  he  is  alsoe  to 
bring  212  more  clapboards  upon  Gregory  Cook's  accompt  good  and  Mar- 
chantabie  as  y'  said  former  persons  shall  Judge  w""  in  one  Month  after  this 
day. 

"  Ordered  that  Gregory  Cook  doe  pay  in  Nayles  in  p'te  of  his  Lot  seven- 
teen shillings  and  eight  pence  in  eiglit  penny  and  the  rest  as  the  workmen 
shall  see  best  beinge  the  full  of  his  purchase."  "■  Ordered  that  the  Consta- 
ble doe  take  care  that  the  orders  aliout  the  Minister's  house  be  complyed  w"'." 

"  June  5  .69  The  Selectmen  met  and  ordered  that  the  Sellor  under  the 
Minister's  house  be  forth  w"*  digged  and  that  Goodman  Steven  Cook,  John 


1875.]  The  First  Minister  of  Mendon,  Mass.  183 

Gurney  And  John  More  v/*''  Joicph  Jiiell  floe  it  an-1  two  workc  at  a  tymo 
untill  i"t  bo  finished  and  that  Gregory  Cooke  and  Peter  Aldcridge  doe  carry 
fitoues  to  the  Sellor  w'^'''  are  digged." 

"  Jidy  14.  The  St'l(vfn!'^n"'M'-tt  find  ordered  to  send  to  the  Constable 
to  Sumnion  before  us  Job  Tiler  the  next  iVyday  at  one  of  the  clock  at 
Gregf.ry  Cool's  hoiue  to  answer  bis  contempt  of  our  orders  as  alsoe  why 
he  relu^eses  to  work  on  the  Selor  at  the  JMinister's  house — at  that  tyme 
y*  Constable  Retourne  his  answer  to  us." 

"July  16.  The  Selectmen  mett  accordingly  and  the  said  Constable 
made  his  Retourne  that  he  had  warned  Job  Tiler  before  us — his  answer  was 
that  he  could  not  nor  would  come,  but  if  the  Selectmen  had  more  to  say  to 
him  than  he  to  tlieni  they  might  come  to  him.  Upon  this  answer  of  Job 
Tiler's  the  Townesmen  Resolved  to  make  theire  complaint,  to  tlie  ^Magistrates 
of  his  contempt  of  scverall  of  the  Selectmen's  orders  and  of  his  jNIiscarriages 
of  the  Lord's  day  &  at  Fublique  assemblies  if  he  doe  not  Submytt,  w'^*'  he 
did  not." 

At  the  eaine  meeting  (and  we  tliink  it  would  do  no  harm  if  the 
law  should  be  read,  once  in  a  while,  now-a-daya)  : 

"  Ordered  by  us  to  Readc  the  law  to  y°  youth  to  exhorte  them  to  the  due 
and  careful  observation  of  the  Lord's  day  and  that  theire  parents  be  desired 
to  doe  thoire  duty  herein  for  the  promotiuge  of  God's  glory,  thelres  and  their 
children's  food." 

"  Ordered  alsoe  to  allow  to  all  that  finde  clapboards  to  y^  ^Minister's  house 
five  shillings  for  each  hundred  shaven  and  brought  to  the  house  good  and 
Marchantable,  and  that  Thomas  Juell  provide  200  and  bring  them  to  the 
bouse  within  three  days  after  notice  upon  y'^  penalty  of  2U3.  because  he 
hath  so  long  delayed  it ;  and  that  he  bring  200  more  well  shaven,  good  and 
Marchantable  w^'  all  convenient  speed  beinge  his  due  towards  the  house 
as  is  charged  upon  his  lot  to  allow." 

The  meeting-house  and  the  minister's  housa  were  probably  com- 
pleted during  the  summer  and  fall,  and,  although  Job  Tiler  Avas  still 
contumacious,  the  town  then  proceeded  to  settle  its  first  minister, 
as  follows,  viz.  : — 

"Proposalls  by  IMr.  Bunkley'  [Bulkley  ]  to  the  Towne  of  Meudon 
in  behalf  of  Mr.  Emerson,  his  Sonn-in-law,  to  be  settled  to  him.  ffirst;.  To 
give  him  forty  five  pounds  y  and  for  the  two  first  years  payment  As  fol- 
loweth. 

"  Tcnn  pounds  at  Boston  y  and  at  some  shope  there,  or  in  money  at  this 
Towne — the  Remayning  of  the  hafe  yeere  to  bee  made  up  Two  pounds  of 
butter  for  every  cowe  the  rest  in  Porke,  wheat  barley  and  see  to  Make  up 
theyeares  pay  In  work,  Indian  Corn,  Roy,  Pease  and  Beefe. 

'•  2.  For  tlio  third  yeere  after  he  is  settled  to  be  payd  fifty  five  pounds  y 
and  soc  as  God  shall  Ina'ole  them. 

"  3.  The  house  to  be  iLade  fittinge  to  come  into  w""  all  convenient 
speede  w'-'*  two  fire  places  and  A  little  leanto  of  sixteen  foot  in  length  w'** 
a  C'lamney  as  a  Kitclien  Towards  Goodman  Cook's  house — for  Islv.  Emerson 
to  contribute  something  to  it,  the  Towne  being  not  willing  to  do  it  alone. 

"  4.     To  gett  for  him  Twenty  Corde  of  wood  yeerely. 

"  5.     Then  if  Mr.  Emerson  come  and  Inhabitt,  dyinge  in  the  Towne  or 

»  Of  Concord,  Miisa. 


184  The  First  Minister  of  Mendon,  Mass.  [Apri], 

enter  into  ofTico.  t)icn  to  have  the  said  iiouse  and  the  forty  Acor  lott  and  IMea- 
dow  to  It  w*-'' all  other  privileges  and  Divisions  .^[ade  or  to  be  made  to  that 
l.ott  as  all  oiher  lotts  of  that  bi-ness  shall  have,  settled  to  him  and  \v~~. 
hevres  forever  and  see  liecorde<i  in  the  T.nvne  Booke.  This  boin^r  A.sent- 
ed^to  by  the  Inhabitants  of  IMendun,  ^fr.  Emerson  will  settle  with'them. 

'  Lastly  It  IS  Agreed  that  if  the  Maior  j)'te  of  the  Poeple  luhabitin're 
rteerc  shall  carry  it  s.e  unworthily  Touan is  Mr.  Emersou  as  that  there 
cannot  be  A  Kecoucihation  Made  Among  them  selves,  Then  it  is  heerebv 
unanimously  Agreed  to  Refer  the  ditll-reace  to  the  Churches  of  Metfeil-l 
Dedham  and  Kosbury  to  heere  and  Determine  it.  And  if  it  shall  be  by 
the  said  Churches  judged  for  Uv.  Emerson  to  leave  and  Depart  the  Town^ 
yett  he  shall  enjoy  the  house  and  land  A  hove  ex})ressed  to  him  txnd  hi^ 
hejTes  forever  otherwise  he  ia  not  to  leave  the  Tovvne  and  his  labours 
heere  During  lite. 

Dated  December  tlie  first  Anno  Dom.  '69. 

John  AJderidge           Joseph  AVhite  Jobe  Tiler 

John  Parris                  Poeter  Alderidge  Will.  Croune 

John  Ihomson,  Jr.      John  Thomson,  Sen^  Grerrorv  Cook 

Walter  Cooke               ffardinandoe  Thayer  John  Ilarber 

Samuel  Read                John  ]More  John  W-Qodland 

John  Rookett               Steven  Cooke  IMathyas  PuHer 

bam:  bpencer               Abraham  Staples  Joseph  Alderid-e 

Thomas  Juell.  '^ 

I  assent  to  this  Wittnes  my  hande  Joseph  EiiEnsox." 

Mr.  Emerson  continued  to  be  minister  of  the  town  until  167.5 
when,  in  consequence  of  King  Philip's  war,  the  town  was  deserted' 
and,  soon  afterward,  burned  by  the  Indians.  AVhen  the  inhabiwuts 
returned  m  1660,  Mr.  Emerson  did  not  return  with  them.  C^uite 
hkely  Mr.  Emerson  might  have  died  before  the  return'  of  the  iiih-- 
bitants,  as  we  find,  under  date  of  Nov.  19,  1683,  the  following  record  : 

"Mrs.  Elizabeth   Browne,   Relick  to  Mr.  .Joseph  Emerson,  fo'^rmerlv  of 
Mendon,  Debter  to  A  lowne  Rate  baring  date    24  A'ovember,  1683      ' 

02-00-00." 


m  Sarah  (Cuttmg)  Ijrowne,  wid  of  James  Brown,  the  glazier,  who  S^^ove^^  to 
Salem  from  .Newbury  and  purohused  an  estato  on  Prison  LaneT(nowSt  Petei  "s  sirret 

rZ?V^"'r^  ''^"'  .-'v  'f  "'"■'-'■  V''V-^t"P''^^  ^^'='-''lcr-«  lot.  She  was  a  dan  of 
Capt.  John  Cutting  ot  N-.-wbury ,  and  Urownc's  second  wife.     Another  dau      v\^- 

?P  1- ^N"'^  ^^'-  ^^^''"'''  '>'^>'''  ""^  ,^V'»'>"0-.  J=unos,  a  son  of  James  and  S ^1 
(Cutting)  Browne   was  a  LdazRT  and  hved  in  Charle^town  and  Salem     perha^i^n 

Browne  about  Mr.  W  iluaai  llealey  s  courtic-  their  n>other,  Sarrh  Feb  -^^  \f^^^ 
James  then  aged  about  :3r.  ve^^rs  T!).ro  is  another  deposition  of  James  ^Browne' 
i>.  I3a,  L.  18,  state  House  tiks,  \\  jtohcraft  cu.sc.  -"lunx-c, 

William  IJealey  (then  ot"  Koxhury)  and  two  eldest  chil.  are  mentioned  in  will  of 
Elizabeth   Moricke,   wid.  of  J.hn  Morricke  (or  Mernck)   de^en.Tu   Hin  .h.m 
^now  of  Koxbur^V  March  U.  IGIU.  Prob.  5  (7)  1G50,  co.  luffol^!  ProWlS 

H.  F.  Waters. 

-Edi-"^^  ^'^•'''  ^^  "  ^^^''^^'^ '°  Concord  and  there  died  Jan.  3,  1630."    {Gen.  Did.  ii.  liS.) 


1875.]  Transfer  of  Erin.  185 


TRANSFER   OF  ERIN. 

By  TH0KA3  C.  Amory. 
(Continued  from  page  66.) 

I^ExVRLY  twenty  years  of  the  last  rcicn^  of  the  Tudors  remain  for 
compression  within  brief  space.     A  general  view  of  an  histor- 
ical epoch  often  conveys  move  distinct  idea  of  its  form  and  pressure 
than  details  more  minute.     Readers  engrossed  with  one  subject  or 
eager  for  information  upon  many  have  rarely  taste  or  leisure  for  in- 
vestigation out  of  their   accustomed   beat,  and  to  them  even  tins 
imperfect  sketch  of  a  period  fraught  with  momentous  consequences, 
not  confined  to  the  actual  generation  but  {)erennial  even  to  our  own, 
may  be  of  use.     Tlie  difhculty  of  sifting  truth  from  error,  where 
authority  and  evidence  are  so  various,  conflicting  and  often  inacces- 
sible, can  hardly  be  exaggerated,  and  demands  allowance  for  mistake. 
Dcsuiuad'd  contiftcations  had  little  warrant  from  precedent.     His 
ancestors   wrested  poi-tions  of  their  vast  domains  from  the  septs, 
more  had  vested  in  their  line  by  purchase,  inheritance  or  grant.     If 
in  their  veins  flowed  as  large  a  measure  of  ]Milesian  blood  as  of 
Nesta  or  Plantagenet,  if  to  preserve  what  fell  to  their  lot  they  were 
often  engaged  in  rebellion,  it  was  owing  to  tlic  ties  that  bound  Ger- 
aldinos  and   Burkes  to   the  Irish  chieftains,  that  England  retained 
what  hold  she  had  of  the  island.     Often  before  English  lords  had 
been  subjected  to  fine  and  forfeiture  or  even  decapitation,  but  their 
estates  if  sequestered  \vere  restored  to  their  lineal  heirs  and  pardon 
speedily  followed  submission.     Gerald  had  been  patient  under  injury 
and  insult.     Cast  into  prison,  duped  and  trifled  with  by  the  queen  and 
her  representatives,  it  was  in  self-defence  that  he  w^as  provoked  to 
resis  ance,  and  then  under  circumstances  more  excusable  than  had 
often  justified  concession  and  forgiveness  not  to   one  race  alone  but 
to  both.     If  smarting  under  wrong  he  hearkened  rather  to  resent- 
ment than  to  more  prudent  counsels,  no  Geraldine  experience  in  the 
past  toreshadowed  the  approaching  catastrophe  in  the  irretrievable 
downfall  of  his  house. 

In  Perrot's  parliament  1585-6  nearly  all  the  septs  and  both  races 
as  we  have  seen  were  represented.  Of  the  confiscated  estates  of  the 
attainted  earl  and  his  kinsmen,  Ormond,  Raleigh  and  thirty  more 
divided  half  the  spoils,  the  rest  being  left  to'possessors  who  had 
friends  at  court.  But  desolation  brooded  over  Munster.  From 
Tralee  to  Youghal  extended  a  howling  wilderness.  Famine  and 
pestilence  were  at  work  and  wolves  flittening  on  human  flesh.  War 
had  penetrated  far  beyond  pre^-ious  limits.  Artillery  employed  a 
century  earlier,  now  greatly  improved,  had  battered  down  wall  and 
battlement.     Castles  in  dilapidation,  towns   and  villages  in  ashes, 


186  Transfer  of  Erin.  [April, 

not  even  the  cabin  spared,  what  remained  of  the  wretched  inliahit- 
ants  hid  in  caverns  or  clettsi  of  rock  among  the  mountains,  to  pcri.~h 
of  hunger  and  cold.  Younger  sons  and  otlier  adventurers  from  over 
■  the  sea  eagerly  resjiondod  to  the  call  of  undertakers  to  colonize  what 
once  was  the  garden  of  the  land,  but  dismayed  at  the  misery  that 
surrounded  then),  and  the  angry  menace  of  the  despoiled,  speedily 
forsook  these  sorry  substitutes  for  the  comfortal}le  homes  they  had 
left.  More  sanguine  spirits  favorably  circumstanced  to  avail  them- 
selves of  the  opportunities  presented,  bought  cheap  claims  thus 
abandoned,  and  when  the  country  nearly  depopulated  oflered  safer 
abode,  others  equally  enterprising  flocked  in.  Contrary  to  the  stipula- 
ted conditions,  leases  were  made  to  native  tenants  who  preferred  to 
till  for  others  their  ancestral  lands  than  starve.  Later  warg  divested 
both  them  and  their  taskmasters,  but  numerous  famihes  still  hold 
under  titles  derived  from  these  Desmond  confiscations. 

Burkes  and  Bingham  were  over  nuioh  for  Connaught.  The  death 
of  Sir  Richard  Burke  lord  of  Mayo  and  husband  of  Grace  O'^^Ialley 
led  to  a  disputed  succession.  Bingham  slew  Thomas  Roe  and  Rich- 
ard Oge  of  Lougli  r\rask  and  Olirien  of  Castle  Owen.  Hostages 
were  executed,  helpless  inhabitants  plundered  and  massacred.  The 
deputy  remonstrated,  but  the  council  taking  part  with  these  severities 
suffered  no  interference.  At  Ardnaree,  Bingham  surprised  at  night 
an  army  of  Scots  come  over  to  assist  the  Burkes,  driving  them  with 
great  slaughter  into  the  ^Nloy,  and  never  sated  wherever  he  could 
with  impunity  he  pursued  his  work  of  devastation  and  destruction. 

The  most  remarkable  personage  of  the  period  was  Hugh  O'Neil. 
Whether  his  father  Ferdoragh  was  son  of  the  first  carl  of  Tyrone  or 
the  blacksmith  of  Dundalk  has  never  been  determined.  If  the  latter 
hypothesis  be  correct,  he  was  an  O'Kelly  of  Breggia  and  the  other 
parent  of  Hugh  was  Joanna  iSIaguire  of  Fermanagh.  Born  about  the 
time  his  father  was  created  baron  of  Dungannon,  natural  endow- 
ments of  a  high  order,  an  amiable  disposition  with  prepossessing 
manners  and  attractive  person  rendered  the  youth  a  favorite  alike 
with  his  clansmen  and  with  the  queen  and  her  court.  The  best 
schools  afibrded  him  advantages  which  he  carefully  improved,  and 
long  residence  near  the  queen  and  her  ministers  inspired  him  with 
confidence  which  was  strength  in  his  power  to  cope  with  them. 
Certainly  in  dupHcity  and  dissimulation  he  was  frilly  their  match. 
He  had  married  early  in  life  an  O'Toole  whom  he  divorced ;  Judith 
O'Donnel  daughter  of  ]\[anus  brought  him  seven  children  ;  his  third 
wife,  the  beautiful  ]^Iabcl  Bagnal,  in  1591  eloped  with  him  ;  and  his 
last  who  sui'vived  him,  daughter  of  ^lagennis,  lord  Iveagh,  was  his 
companion  in  exile  at  Rome,  where  he  died  aged  and  blind  in  161G. 
Diu-ing  his  early  manhood,  subjected  to  jealous  scrutiny,  it  was 
only  in  the  army  of  the  queen  that  he  could  acquire  experience  in 
arms.  In  I08O  he  took  part  in  the  expedition  against  the  Spaniards 
at  Smer^-ick,    serving  with  distinction,  and  four  years  later  with 


1875.]  Transfer  of  Erin.  187 

rerrot  and  Omiond  in  that  against  the  Scots  of  Ul^^tcr.  Standing 
high  in  royal  favor  iu  1j67  he  was  created  an  carl  and  placed  in  })os- 
scssion  of  Tyrone,  rerniitted  to  maintain  in  lus  pay  six  companies 
he  changed  his  men  till  tlic  great  hody  of  his  clansmen  hecamc 
cl\icient\n)!(liero.  The  lead  inrported  for  his  new  castle  of  Dungan- 
non,  in  qiiantitios  enfiicicnt  to  sheet  the  mountains,  was  run  into 
halls.  lie  made  friends  of  the  i\iacl)onnels,  fostered  his  eon  with 
O'Cahan,  and  eoueiliating  his  vassal  chiefs  was  elected  and  inaugu- 
rated the  O'Neill  at  tl'ie  rath  of  Tulloghugc.  The  tragedy  of 
Fotherin^-ay  quickening  catholic  resentment  wrecks  from  the  armada 
strewed  liis  shores.  The  rescued  Spaniards  found  conUal  welcome 
beneath  his  roof.  And  while  careful  not  to  excite  suspicion,  sub- 
se(|uent  events  proved  the  nature  of  their  conferences  and  ^what  were 
alr»-ady  his  desigTis. 

l\rrot  angered  Tyrconnel  by  gaining  possession  of  Hugh  Eoc  its 
youthful  heir  by  entieing  him  on  board  a  merchantman  laden  with 
wine  sent  there  for  the  purpose.  Fitzwilliam  his  successor,  after  ac- 
cepting a  bribe  of  six  hunched  cows  from  Mac^NIahon  to  reinstate 
him  in  his  chieftaincy,  hung  him  at  his  gate,  parcelling  out  his 
ilomains  for  a  price.  MacToole  and  O'Doherty  were  held  to  ransom, 
on  pretended  charges,  and  by  his  rapacity  and  extortion  he  alienated 
wliat  little  afteetion  remained  for  the  queen.  Ilcr  execution  in  lol'l 
of  Oliourke  at  Tyburn  who  had  fled  to  Scotland  exasperated  still 
fartlier  his  northern  neighbors.  Her  unscrupulous  deputy  connived 
at  the  escape  of  O'Dounel,  who  was  retaken  to  liave  better  success 
two  years  later,  when  after  indescribable  suftering  and  manifold  ad- 
venture he  found  shelter,  half  dead  with  cold  and  his  feet  frozen. 
lie  repaired  first  to  Tp'one,  and  when  at  home  his  elans  welcomed 
his  return  ■v^'ith  great  rejoicing  and  elected  him  chief  of  T\-rconnel, 
his  father  aged  and  infii-m  resigning  in  liis  favor. 

That  the  two  Hughs,  one  in  early  manhood,  the  other  in  the  full 
vigor  '  'f  his  prime,  at  this  period  pledged  themselves  to  cooperation  in 
the  cause  of  Ulster  independence,  admits  of  little  doubt.  Times 
were  not  ripe  for  overt  act  and  O'Neil  was  wary.  AVhen  another 
Hugh  son  of  Shane  charged  him  with  con-espondeuce  with  Spain, 
he  proceeded  to  court,  made  liis  peace  with  the  queen,  and  returning 
hung  his  accuser.  "When  the  ^laguires  driven  to  desperation  by 
the  extortions  of  their  sheriff  were  about  to  execute  summary  justice, 
Tyrone  interposed  for  his  release,  and  wounded  in  a  hosting  not 
long  after  with  the  deputy  against  that  sept,  he  was  pleased  to  have 
this  evidence  to  show  of  his  atlectcd  loyalty- 
More  out  of  reach,  O'Donnel  had  less  reason  for  disguise.  "With 
Maguire  he  besieged  Enniskillen,  and  defeating  an  army  approaching 
with  food  for  its  reUef  at  what  was  afterwards  kno\vn  as  the  ford  of 
l>iscuits,  the  to\\'n  capitulated.  AYhen  however  Sir  John  Morris, 
famed  in  continental  warfare,  was  sent  over  to  take  moi-e  eflicient 
measures,  Tyrone   confiding  in  his  strength  thrcAV  otF  the  mask, 


188  Transfer  of  EHn.  [April, 

storming  the  fort  at  Blaclcvvatcr  and  beleaguering  Monaghan.     Kus-  | 
sell  now  deputy  ibrccd  him  to  raise  the  siege,  but  in  an  cngagcmcut  ] 
at  Clontibret,  five  miles  otl",  he  killed  Sedgrave,  a  knight  of  unusual  ! 
strength  and  prowcsa,   in   single  combat,  and  gaining  the  vict(.ry,    1 
Norris  and  his  bfother  being  wounded,  these  places  also  surrenderetl.    ) 
Whilst  Hugh  lv)e  was  cooperating  in  these  movements,  liurkes  and 
George  Bingham  pluudcreil  the  monasteries  of  llatlmiullar  and  Tory 
Island,  renowned  for  its  churches,  but  qiuirrelling  over  theu-  spoils, 
the  latter  was  slain,  and  Sligo  surrendered  to  O'Donncl.     The  neigh- 
boring   clans,    exasperated  at  the  despotic  sway  of  the  governor, 
rallied  to  his  banners,  and  most  of  the  strongholds  in  Connaught  fell 
into  his  possession.     Going  home  for  reinforcements,  he  returned  to 
sweep   havoc   through    the   lands  of  whoever  refused  to  combine 
against  their  common  foe,  and  batlling  all  attempt  of  Bingham  to 
stay  his  progi'css  he  destroyed  tlie  castle  of  SLigo,  and  establishing 
Theobald  as  chief  of  ISIayo,  drove  home  his  prey. 

Elizabetii  hating  expense,  and  her  eftbrts  to  create  discord  between 
tlie  Hughs  having  proved  unavailing,  had  empowered  Gardner  and 
"Wallop  in  1595  to  negvliate  peace.  The  chiefs  demanded  full  pardon 
and  reparation  fur  the  past,  free  exercise  of  their  religious  rites,  and 
that  no  sheriff  or  gamson  should  come  within  their  borders  ;  and 
after  Clontibret,  Ormond  and  Magrath  on  a  like  errand  were  au- 
thorized to  make  these  concessions.  But  after  deliberation  the  chiefs 
responded  that  reflecting  upon  the  number  of  princes  and  chiefs  who 
confiding  in  insincere  promises  had  been  deprived  of  life  or  robbed 
of  their  patrimonies,  and  fearing  the  promises  now  made  might  not 
be  kept,  they  had  decided  to  reject  the  overtures. 

When  event  disnppointed  expectation  recourse  was  had  to  change 
of  rulers,  and  Lord  Brough,  now  deputy,  directed  Conyers  Clifford 
who  had  superseded  Bingham  to  attack  the  enemy  at  the  west. 
Thomond  and  Clanrickard,  always  of  one  mind,  joined  him  and  laid 
siege  to  Ballvshannon,  a  principal  abode  of  O'Donncl,  who  with 
MafTuire  and  OTiourke  forced  them  speedily  to  retreat.  TyiTel  and 
O'Connor  with  four  hundred  men  near  Muilingar,  annihilated  Barn- 
wall  with  a  thousand  ;  Clitfurd  with  seven  hundi'ed  was  driven  back 
while  on  his  way  to  join  the  deputy.  Brough  had  seized  Portmore,  but 
was  defeated  at  Driunfluich  near  by,  himself  and  Kildare  dj'ing  of 
their  wounds,  and  tlicir  army  retreating  by  iS'ewry  to  the  pale. 

Ormond  now  lord  lieutenant  and  friendly  to  T\Tone  was  du-ected 
to  negotiate  a  peace,  and  the  earls  met  at  Dundalk.  The  old  terms 
again  demanded  were  reported  home,  Thomond  and  Clanrickard 
being  joined  as  negotiators.  Tyrone  gtayed  hostilities  in  Leinster, 
caused  Ormond's  brother  to  be  released  by  O'Moore,  provisioned 
Blackwater  and  lus  ])ardon  was  signed  in  April.  But  the  English 
renewiufj-  the  war  and  Bagnal  invading  Ulster,  Tyrone  gathered  his 
army  of  seven  thousand  foot  and  fifteen  hundred  horse,  and  having 
despatched  fifteen  hundred  into  Leinster  prepared  to  storm  the  fort 


1875.]  Transfer  of  Erin.  189 

at  Blacbvatcr  as  Kc  could  not   for   lack  of  artillery  reduce  it  by 
rcfrular  approaches. 

Bagnal,  with  ahout  cipial  nnuibcrs  marchlnfr  from  Arina'di  on  the 
l)ri;^lit  luorniug  of  the  tcntii  k)^  Aii^uj^t,  near  rortmorc  was  saluted 
by  volleys  from  either  side  of  tlic  defile  through  whieli  he  was  ad- 
vaueiiig.  Prcssiug  on  his  cavalry  he  charged  up  to  the  lines  behind 
which  Tyrone  and  Tyrconnel  wcrccntrenclicd,  but  became  entani^Icd 
iu  pits  dug  and  crtvered  with  wattles  to  embarrass  them,  Thuir  'ams 
were  battering  the  cntrenehments  with  promise  of  success,  when  a 
I)owder-oart  exjiloded  in  their  ranks  creating  confusion.  The  Irish 
l)(>rc  down  on  the  cavalry  of  Brook  and  Fleming,  the  columns  of 
AVingfield  and  Coshy  were  shaken,  and  the  English  routed  fled  toward 
Armagh,  losing  on  the  field  and  in  their  retreat  twenty-five  hundred 
men  including  Bagnal,  and  all  their  artillery,  guld'and  banners. 
Newry  and  Armagh  surrendered  and  Ulster  was  set  free. 

Our  historical  ^ym]iathies  lean  naturally  to  the  victors  who  were 
d'Jlnding  their  hearths  and  altars,  for  in  the  cause  of  human  rights 
and  independence  they  are  excusable  even  where  against  our  own 
Cou:i(ryuicii  if  forging  fetters  for  the  free.  There  could  be  no  jus- 
tification f  .r  the  attempt  to  reduce  Ulster  to  a  conquered  province. 
It  had  been  tried  and  signaUy  foiled.  It  had  cost  vast  expenditures 
of  life  and  treasure,  and  now  except  the  trembling gan-isons  in  Dub- 
Im  and  Cork,  Ireland  was  Irish.  Leinster  eliiefs  levied  tribute 
under  the  walls  of  the  capital,  and  when  O'Moore  marched  into 
Desinond  the  southern  chiefs  and  Geraldines  Koches  and  Butlers 
rose  in  arms  and  joined  him  to  expel  the  undertakers. 

Essex,  sent  in  April,  1599,  Avith  twenty  thousand  men  to  retrieve 
this  disaster,  the  Irish  in  arms  being  about  equal  in  number,  after 
hunuhation  at  the  pass  of  plumes  took  Cahir  and  marchino-  toward 
Uimenck  was  defeated  by  the  MacCarthies  and  Geraldines  at  Crome 
and  ehased  back  to  Dublin.      Later  he  ordered  Clifford  to  join  him, 
jvho  with  two  thousand  men  in  the  Carlo w  mountains  was  routed  and 
.unself    slain    by    O'Donnell    and    OTlourke.       Dismayed,    he    at- 
tetnpted    parley.     Tyrone    demanded  what  he  allowed  was  reason- 
able. Init  fretted  at  a  scolding  letter  from  the  queen  Essex  vrent  home 
witliout  leave  and  was  soon  beheaded.     T\Tone  the  idol  of  his  eoun- 
trj-mrn   made  royal  progz-ess  to  Holy  Cross.     The  chiefs  flocked  to 
prect  him.     He   put  the  white  knight  and  liis   son-in-law  Dono^h 
^cLarthy  in  chains,  an,l  perhaps  unfortunately  replaced  Donal  bv 
±iorence,  who  had  married  in  1588,  Ellen  dau^iter  of  the  late  ear'l 
of  Clancarthy,  as  :\IcCarthy  :\rore.     But   Charies  Blount  now  sent 
over  to  take  command  wa>  of  other  sort  than  Essex.     His  force  was 
as  large  as  that  which  his  incompetent  predecessor  had  wasted.    Dow- 
cra  had  four  thousand  men   in   Derrv,  Carew  governor  of  Munster 
three  thousand.     O'Neil  and  Tyrccmnel  were  active  and  discourao-ed 
Blount  from  pressing  Ulster,     His  policy  was  to  sow  disaffection,  and 
la  tins  he  unliapp.ily  too  yvell  succeeded.     By  dealing  moderately 

VOL,    XXIX.  17  ^  o  J 


190  Transfer  of  Erin.  [April, 

with  religion  and  holding  out  expectations  as  a  snare,  he  weakened 
resistance.  He  bought  Neal  Garb  O'i^onncl,  Art  O'Xeil  son  of 
Tirlogh,  one  of  the  rival  INIagiiires  and  Dcrmod  O'Connor  wliose 
wife  was  daughter  of  the  late  carl  of  Desmond.  Florence 
I^IacCartliy,  ^\ho  like  Tyrone  had  acquired  tlie  art  of  dissimulation  by 
his  long  sojourn  iu  London,  with  more  ci'aft  than  wisdom  played 
fast  and  loose  to  save  his  own  and  his  wife's  inheritance,  and  it  was 
said  through  her  attaclimeut  to  the  queen  he  was  lost  to  the  Catholics. 
It  was  without  benefit,  since  of  his  life  forty  years  were  passed  as  a 
prisoner,  most  of  them  in  the  tower  of  London. 

James  Fitzgerald,  called  tlie  sugan  or  earl  of  straw,  claims  brief 
attention.  It  will  be  remembered  that  the  sixth  earl  who  died  in 
1482  was  set  aside  for  marrying  from  affection  the  lovely  Catherine 
McCormack.  A  century  later  James  the  fourteenth  or  rebel  earl 
married  his  cousin  Juan,  daughter  of  Maurice  the  mad  lord  Fennoy. 
After  his  succession  to  the  earldom  he  repudiated  her  on  pretext  of 
consanguinity,  and  his  successor  the  unfortunate  Gerald  was  Kid  son 
by  Mora  O'Carrol.  Sir  Thomas  Euagh  by  Joan,  lord  of  Kil- 
nateloou  and  Ca:-tlcmorc,  died  in  1505,  and  James  his  eldest  son 
was  now  recognized  by  many  as  seventeenth  earl.  Of  noble  pre- 
sence, high  honor  and  generous  disposition,  he  stood  the  higher  in  the 
esteem  of  the  catholics,  that  lira  cousin  James  son  of  Gerald 
had  apostatized.  His  career  of  adventure  and  vicissitude  has  been 
subject  for  romance,  and  the  devoted  affection  of  his  brother  Jolm 
towards  him  constituies  a  noble  trait  midst  the  treacheiy  and  double 
dealing  of  the  period.  He  married  Ellen  Fitzgibbon.  When  in 
hiding  near  the  castle  of  his  father-in-law  the  white  knight,  he  came 
near  being  surprised,  and  his  mantle  left  behind  in  his  flight  indi- 
cated who  had  escaped.  Lord  Barry  bearing  a  grudge  against  Fitz- 
gibbon, with  Dermod  O'Connor  brother-in-law  of  the  protcstant  earl 
then  a  prisoner  in  London,  reported  the  circumstance  to  the  lord 
president,  who  held  him  responsible  for  the  capture  of  his  son-in- 
law,  and  paid  him  a  thousand  guineas  for  effecting  it  at  Aberlow. 
James  w-as  carried  to  London  with  Florence  McCarthy,  and  in  1608 
ended  his  troubled  life  in  the  tower.  His  brother  John  called  coimt 
of  Desmond  died  in  Spain  seven  years  later,  and  his  son  Gerald  in 
Germany  in  1632.  Thomas  of  Drogheda,  eighth  Desmond,  son  of 
the  first  usui-per  mentioned,  died  in  1467  on  the  scaffold;  the 
fourteenth  owed  his  succession  to  the  murder  of  the  court  page 
his  predecessor,  and  his  son  Gerald  expiated  these  usurpations,  and 
his  own  over  his  brother  Thomas  Kuagh  in  his  decapitation  by 
O'Kelly  at  Glenakilty.  Florence  McCarthy,  prince  of  Carberry, 
though  greatly  indebted  to  his  brother-in-law  Owen  O'Sullivan  for 
his  marriage  with  Ellen  the  heiress  of  Clancarthy,  and  for  his  elec- 
tion as  McCarthy  ]More  at  Holy-Cross,  had  by  help  of  this  same 
Dermod  O'Connor  betrayed  him  to  the  English  government,  and  he 
too  was  at  the  time  a  prisoner.     His  imprisonment  prevented  his 


1875.]  Transfer  of  E tin.  191 

taking  part  In  the  war,  and  he  retained  his  estates  till  his  death  in 
1G23  at  an  advanced  age. 

lilount  eniploved  the  summer  in  an  expedition  into  Ulster  with 
little  result,  and  in  Xovembcr,  after  constructing  a  fort  at  the 
Mowry  [)ass  where  he  had  encountered  Tyrone  with  no  advantage, 
withdrew-  to  return  the  next  June  to  as  little  purpose.  Ilis  design 
was  simply  to  prepare  for  an  invasion  later  when  roads  should  have 
been  opened,  strong  points  fortified  and  the  conjuncture  more  propi- 
tious. ]Most  unfortunately  as  it  proved  in  September  thirty-four 
hundred  Spaniards  under  U'Aguila  took  {»ossession  of  Kinsale,  whore 
O'Sullivan  Beare,  O'Connor  Keixy,  and  Driscol  joined  him,  all  the 
other  chiefs  having  made  submission  to  Carew  the  president  keeping 
aloof.  Blount  besieged  Kinsale  with  15,000  men.  Tyrone  and 
Tyrconnel  marched  G500  to  its  relief.  They  intended  to  refresh 
their  troops  after  this  long  march  before  engaging  them  in  combat 
against  such  odds,  bnt  on  Christmas  eve  were  surprised  by  the 
Knglish  who  were  on  the  alert  against  surprise  themselves,  and  after 
a  long  and  obstinate  resistance  at  disadvantage  were  defeated  losing 
two  thousiiud  men,  the  rest  elfecting  their  retreat  back  to  Ulster 
immolested.     Ivinsale  capitulated  and  the  Spaniards  sailed  away. 

Carew  for  fifteen  days  with  four  thousand  men  battered  Dun- 
boy  the  chief  castle  of  O'Sullivan  Beare,  defended  by  a  garrison 
of  one  hundred  and  forty  under  their  heroic  commander  Mageoghan, 
who  bleeding  to  death  was  about  to  blow  up  the  castle  w-hen  killed. 
O'Sullivan  Beare  fought  his  way  with  diminishing  forces  to  Leitrira  to 
join  Tyrone,  and  when  all  hope  of  retrieving  afliiirs  was  over  entered 
the  Spanish  sei-^-ice  and  was  created  count  of  Bearehaven.  Blount 
followed  Tyrone  and  Tyrconnel  into  Ulster.  The  former  set  on  fire 
bis  castle  of  Dungannon  and  retired  to  the  neighborhood  of  Stra- 
^  bane.  Here  he  held  his  pursuers  at  bay  till  the  following  spring, 
when,  all  his  chiefs  subdued  and  his  country  devastated,  he  met 
Blount  at  ]Mellifont  tenderins;  submission  on  condition  of  receiving 
full  pardon,  free  exercise  of  religion  for  himself  and  Ulster,  re- 
grants  to  himself  and  the  other  northern  chiefs  of  their  respective 
territory,  except  six  hundred  acres  about  Blackwater.  He  agreed  to 
surrender  his  son  Henry  as  hostage  and  admit  sheritTs.  His  proffer 
was  accepted.  During  the  negotiation  Queen  Elizabeth  died  at 
Greenwich,  and  when  on  the  thirteenth  of  ^Vlarch  the  treaty  was 
consummated  at  Drogheda,  James  the  son  of  the  unfortunate  Mary 
of  Scots  had  succeeded  her  on  the  throne. 


Starr. — Person?*  who  have  reason  to  think  they  are  descended  from  Comfort  Starr 
who  settled  in  Middletown,  Conn.,  in  1673,  or  have  any  information  relating  to  him 
or  his  de:?(?endanLs,  are  req^ueeted  to  send  their  address  to  the  undersigned,  who  is 
collecting  inlurmation  for  a  history  of  the  family.  F&ank  E.  Stase. 

Middletown,  Conn, 


192    »  President  Wilder  s  Address.  [April, 


ADDKESS    OF    THE    HON.    ^VFARSHALL    P.    AHLDER. 

Delivered  at  the  Annual  Meeting  of  tlic  New-P^n./Lwd  IIistouic,  Genbalooical 
SociKTY,  January  0,  1875. 

Genixemen  of  the  Society  : 

With  thanks  to  the  Giver  of  all  good,  and  acknowledging  Him 
as  the  source  of  all  life,  light  and  {)0\vcr,  I  desire  to  present  you  my 
most  hearty  congratulations  on  the  commencement  of  a  new  year, 
and  the  preservation  of  so  many  of  our  lives  to  the  present  time. 

Impelled  by  a  sense  of  duty,  as  well  as  of  crraiitude  for  the  confi- 
dence reposed  in  me,  I  accept  the  otlice  with  which  you  have  honored 
me  for  so  many  years,  and  to  which  you  have  again  elected  me. 

We  this  day  enter  upon  the  duties  of  another  year,  praying  that  our 
own  lives  may  be  spared,  our  energies  increased,  and  our  labors  be 
abundantly  rewarded  with  success.  But  while  I  congratulate  you 
upon  the  increasing  and  beneficent  influence  of  our  association, 
we  should  not  forget  that  wc  have  sustained  greater  losses  of 
distinguished  members  than  in  any  former  year.  In  my  address 
of  last  year,  I  brought  to  your  notice  the  decease  of  several 
officers  and  members  who  had  taken  an  active  and  prominent  part 
in  our  proceedings,  and  now  I  have  the  sad  duty  of  adding  to  that 
starred  roll  the  names  of  Fillmore,  Perley,  Upton,  Farrar,  Lee,  and 
Shurtleff,  all  of  whom  had  filled  the  office  of  vice-president,  or 
honorary  vice-president  of  this  society.  These,  with  others  who 
have  taken  a  less  prominent  part  with  us,  have  fallen  in  the  great 
battle  of  life,  and  passed  away  never  to  return. 

"  One  generation  comes, 
Another  goes,  and  mingles  with  the  dust. 
And  thus  we  cume  and  go,  and  come  and  go, — 
Each  for  a  little  moment  hlling  up 
Some  little  space." 

And  now  that  the  labors  of  our  lost  associates  have  ceased  on 
earth,  let  us  cherish  a  remembrance  of  their  devotion  and  virtues, 
and  amid  the  frailty  of  sublunary  things,  let  us  be  consoled  by  the 
hope,  that  when  wo  shall  have  finished  our  pilgrimage  here  we 
may  be  permitted  to  join  them  in  that  better  land  and  better  life, 
•where  none  can  die,  and  where  the  record  of  our  mission  here  shall 
be  merged  in  the  record  of  a  life  of  immortality. 

Appropriate  action  has  been  taken,  and  resolutions  of  respect  and 
condolence  have  been  passed  by  the  society  in  regard  to  several  of 
our  departed  friends ;  and  memoirs  of  them,  with  portraits,  have  been 
published  in,  or  are  in  course  of  preparation  for,  the  New-England 
Historical  and  Genealogfcal  Register. 

We  have  thus  been  called  to  part  with  a  larger  number  of  those 
■who  had  held  official  position  than  in  any  year  since  the  formation 


1875.]  President  Wilder's  Address.  193 

of  the  society.  During  this  period  of  thirty  years  we  have  lost 
twenty-one  vice-presidents  and  honorary  vice-presidents,  being  at 
the  rate  of  less  tlian  two  per  year,  while  in  the  last  we  have  been 
deprived  of  six  members  who  had  occupied  these  positions.  But 
the  fell  Destroyer  is  no  respecter  of  times  or  persons. 

"  Ijeaves  have  their  time  to  fall, 
And  flower?  to  wither  at  the  north-'wincl's  breath, 

And  stars  to  set, — but  all, 
Thou  hast  all  seasons  for  thine  own,  0  Death  !  " 

Nor  would  I  omit  on  this  occasion  to  record  the  decease  of  one, 
althouirh  of  foreii^n  birth,  who  was  an  honorary  member  of  our  soci- 
ety, and  renowned  alike  at  home  and  abroad  as  an  illustrious  states- 
man and  historian.     I  allude  to  Franfjois  Pierre  Guillaume  Gui/.ot, 
whose  life  and  character  have  been  so  ably  illustrated  by  our  histo- 
riographer,  the   Rev.   Dr.    Clarke,   in  his    eulogy   on    this    distin- 
guished man.     They  need  no  further  comment  at  this  time.     Suffice 
it  to  say  that  M.  Guizot  shared  an  esteem  and  respect  not  often 
accorded  to  any  one  man.     Of  him,  said  Goethe,  the  illustrious  Ger- 
man poet  and  philosopher,  "  I  have  found  in  him  a  depth  and  thor- 
oughness  not  surpassed    by    any   historical    writer."      His    single 
life  spans  the  most  eventful  epoch  in  the  history  of  his  country. 
Born  before  the  reign  of  terror,  which  deprived  him  of  a  father's 
care,  he  saw  the  fall  of  the  monarchy  under  which  he  was  born,  and 
the  rise  and  fall  of  other  successive  forms  of  government,  surviving 
two  republics,  two  empires,  and  a  restored  monarchy,  to  end  his 
days  under  a  third  republic.     His  political  life,  which  began  with 
the  fall  of  the  first  Napoleon,  lasted  till  the  revolution  of  1S4S.  Dur- 
ing the  last  years  of  his  official  life,  from  which  he  retired  to  private 
life  with  hands  unsoiled  by  bribes,  he  controlled  the  destinies  of 
his  country.     He  leaves  a  name  that  will  live  in  the  literature  which 
he  has  enriched  by  his  genius  and  his  learning,  and  in  the  history  of 
liis  country,  to  which  he  gave  the  matured  powers  of  his  mind  and 
the  wealth  of  his  knowledge.     His  labors  in  the  cause  of  popular 
education  in  France  will  endear  him  to  our  people.     But  what  adds 
an  caduring  lustre  to  his  memory  was  his  constant  Christian  charac- 
ter, his  confession  of  faith  in  the  Bible  and  the  gospel  of  Christ.    "  I 
believe,"  said  he.  "in  God,  and  adore  Him,  without  seeking  to_  com- 
prehend Him.     I  recognize  Him  present  and  at  work  not  only  in  the 
universe  and  in  the  inner  life  of  the  soul,  but  also  in  the  history  of 
human  society,  especially  in  the  Old  and  New  Testaments, — monu- 
ments of  revelation  and  divine  action  by  the  mediation  and  sacrifices 
of  Jesus  Christ  for  the  salvation  of  the  human  race." 

The  reports  submitted  to-day,  afford  gratifying  evidence  of  the 
healthful  condition  of  our  society  and  of  the  continued  interest 
manifested  by  the  public  in  our  work.  By  the  report  of  the  libra- 
rian, it  appears  that  we  now  possess  upwaid  of  fifty  thousand  books 

TOt.  XilX.  17* 


194  President  Wilder^s  Address.  [Apnl, 

and  pamphlets,  constituting  a  library,  which,  in  its  historical  and 
genealogical  department,  it  is  believed  has  no  superior  in  this 
country.  Nor  can  I  fail  to  allude  to  its  excellent  condition  under  the 
assiduous  care  and  supervision  of  iMr,  Dean,  Avhose  devotion  to  our 
cause  deserves  to  be  acknowledged  and  remembered.  Nor  should  we 
forget  to  express  our  obligations  for  the  gratuitous  services  rendered 
by  other  officers  and  committees  in  the  administration  of  the 
afiairs  of  the  society,  all  of  which,  except  those  of  the  librarian  and 
his  assistant,  have  been  rendered  without  charge.  Especially  would 
we  recognize  the  eminent  services  of  our  historiographer,  the  Rev. 
Dorus  Clarke,  D.D.,  who,  after  seven  years  of  diligent  labor,  now 
asks  to  be  relieved  of  the  office, — an  office  which  he"  has  filled  both 
with  credit  to  himself  and  honor  to  the  society;  and  I  know  I  speak 
the  sentiment  of  every  heart  when  I  express  our  gratitude  for  the 
fidelity  and  ability  with  which  he  has  discharged  tlie  delicate  duties 
of  this  office,  in  treasuring  up  the  memorials  of  our  deceased 
friends. 

The  efforts  of  the  various  historical,  genealogical,  antiquarian  and 
fitatisticai  societies,  during  the  present  century,  have  awakened  a 
general  interest  i:i  these  researches,  and  a  vast' amount  of  local  and 
traditionary  history  has  been  secured,  which  will  prove  of  great  and 
lasting  benefit  to  mankind.  The  acquisitions  of  our  own  society 
have  been  far  greater  than  could  have  been  anticipated  by  its 
founders.  Although  laboring  under  great  embarrassments  in  its  early 
history,  it  has  constantly  been  enlarging  its  sphere  of  infiucnce, 
and  by  the  unfailing  devotion  of  its  members  it  has  attained  a  well- 
earned  reputation;  and  has  the  consolation  that  the  tree  they  planted 
willbear  fruit  long  after  they  and  we  shall  have  passed  from  time. 
While  we  rejoice  with  unfeigned  gratitude  in  what  our  society  has 
done  and  is  still  doing,  we  cannot  but  feel  that  we  should  be  un- 
mindful of  the  labors  of  those  who  founded  and  have  labored  for  its 
advancement,  were  we  not  to  use  more  active  efforts  for  the  promo- 
tion of  our  cause.  The  society  has  indeed  accomplished  a  great 
work,  but  it  has  a  still  greater  to  perform.  It  has  but  just  crossed 
the  threshold  and  entered  the  vast  field  which  it  is  to  explore  in 
the  future,  and  we  should  therefore  take  an  enlarged  view  of  its  pros- 
pective work.  The  objects,  condition  and  purp'ose  of  this  society 
are  so  well  known  to  you  that  I  scarcely  need  allude  to  them, 
except  to  remind  you  of  the  obligations  which  rest  on  us  to  work 
while  our  day  of  probation  lasts,  and  to  place  our  institution  on  a 
still  higher  and  broader  plane  of  usefulness. 

It  was  for  this  purpose  and  end  that  the  founders  of  this  society 
instituted  their  inquiries,  that  they  might  be  of  advantacje,  not  only 
to  themselves  in  their  own  time,  but  that  the  blessings  ""which  flow 
from  them  might  be  perpetuated  for  all  time,  so  thai  each  succes- 
sive generation  as  it  passes  from  the  stage  mav  leave  behind  it  the 
form   and  spirit  of  its  time;  and  that  from  age    to    a<^e    the   ex- 


1875."]  President  Winer's  Address,  195 

amples,  memories  and  histories  of  the  illustrious  dead  may  live  on 
to  influence  those  "who  are  to  follow  them.  Permit  me,  however, 
to  say  that  our  first  and  prreat  object  is- to  rescue  from  the  past  all 
that  is  valuable  iu  rcL'ard  to  New-l'^ri^^laud,  and  to  preserve  all  that 
may  in  any  way  contribute  to  the  history  and  renowu  of  her  people. 
But  this  society  is  not  to  be  limited  to  barren  genealogy.  Its  rec- 
ords are  to  be  enriched  by  biography,  and  history  is  the  api)ropri- 
ate  superstructure  of  both;  and  while  your  field  of  investigation  will 
be  somewhat  devoted  to  the  illustration  of  personal  services,  per- 
sonal history  and  personal  character,  they  all  are  the  materials  of 
biography  and  history ;  and  all  these  lines  of  study  converge  to  one 
point,  the  history  of  our  race. 

The  great  deficiency  of  genealogical  works  has  ever  been  a 
matter  of  serious  regret,  and  it  was  this  fact  which  has  influenced 
this  society  to  devote  so  much  of  its  labors  to  genealogical  and 
biographical  researches,  constituting  as  they  do  an  exceedingly 
valuable  portion  of  the  New-England  Historical  and  Genealogical 
Eegister.  That  part  of  the  Register  which  has  been  devoted  to 
memorials  of  the  lives  of  deceased  members  has  been  of  especial 
interest,  both  from  the  care  and  good  taste  which  have  been  dis- 
played in  their  preparation,  and  also  from  the  intrinsic  importance 
of  the  subjects.  Nor  are  these  confined  to  persons  of  distinguished 
birth  or  ancestral  renown,  but  they  are  devoted  largely  to  members 
who  have  given,  or  in  some  way  contributed  to,  an  impulse  in  the  pro- 
gress of  moral  and  social  improvement. '  And  here  let  me  commend 
the  Register  to  the  patronage  of  every  lover  of  American  history  in 
our  land,  especially  to  the  members  of  our  society,  every  one  of 
whom  we  should  be  happy  to  receive  as  subscribers.  It  is  the 
acknowledged  organ  of  the  society,  and  is  worthy  of  the  patronage 
of  every  person  who  feels  any  interest  in  the  objects  which  it 
seeks  to  promote.  It  is  especially  recommended  for  the  service 
which  it  is  constantly  rendering,  and  constitutes  one  of  the  most 
important  aids  in  rescuing  and  preserving  whatever  may  pertain  to 
the  traditions  and  history  not  only  of  New-England  but  of  the  whole 
country.  It  is  a  great  reference  book,  and  in  this  respect  it 
furnishes  information  and  material  to  the  historian  and  genealogist 
not  to  be  found  in  any  other  publication.  These  volumes  also 
contain  a  vast  amount  of  other  information,  constituting  a  repository 
of  groat  and  permanent  value,  in  regai-d  to  antiquities,  history 
and  genealogy. 

In  this  respect  we  are  made  the  custodians  of  important  interests, 
and  it  therefore  devolves  on  us  to  keep  a  wise  outlook  for  the 
future.  The  time  is  not  far  distant  when  our  present  edifice  vv^ill 
need  extension,  or,  what  is  equally  probable,  prospective  improve- 
ments will  reach  the  capitoline  hill,  and,  perhaps,  necessitate  our 
removal  to  still  larger  an<l  more  commodious  quarters.  It  must 
be  borno  in  mind,  also,  that  the  services  of  our  members  for  the 


196  President  Wllder's  Address,  [April, 

most  part  have  been  gratuitous,  but  that  with  the  growth  of  the 
society,  the  labors  of  these  will  increase,  and  will  ultimately  have 
to  be  paid  for. 

But  while  wc  thus  speak,  we  would  acknowledge  with  gratitude 
the  liberal  subscriptions  which  were  made  for  the  erection  of  this 
Eou&e,  and  for  the  care  of  tlie  library.  But  we  cannot  stop  here.  Thy 
spirit  and  demands  of  our  age  are  constantly  requiring  more  from  us. 
The  world  moves  on  and  we  must  move  with  it. 

Our  House  has  become  the  resort  of  students  in  history,  not  only 
from  every  part  of  New-England,  but  from  every  part  of  our  coun- 
try, and  of  visitors  from  foreign  lands.  Tiie  accumulation  of  works 
on  local  and  family  history  is  constantly  increasing  our  resources  in 
this  department,  which  have  already  become,  we  believe,  more  ex- 
tensive than  those  possessed  by  any  similar  library  or  institution  in 
our  land.  Our  society  is  daily  enlarging  its  sphere  of  operations  in 
this  line  of  researches,  and  although  extensive  now,  they  will  in  the 
future  become  still  greater.  Our  association  not  only  embraces 
within  its  fold  all  the  New-England  states,  with  which  we  are  con- 
stantly in  communication,  but  it  is  in  regular  correspondence  with 
the  most  distinguished  societies  and  prominent  historians  of  other 
states  and  countries,  whereby  a  community  of  interest  is  kept  up  for 
the  promotion  of  our  cause.  Our  work  is  inexhaustible  in  its  char- 
acter, and  should  command  the  cordial  and  hearty  cooperation  of 
every  one  who  can  trace  his  descent  from  New-England  sire. 

We  shall  therefore  need  more  funds  for  the  successful  prosecution 
of  our  work,  and  I  doubt  not  that  with  the  return  of  the  commercial 
and  general  prosperity  of  our  country,  which  we  believe  is  not  far 
distant,  the  generous  friends  of  our  society  will  contribute  for  the 
advancement  of  our  object,  either  by  present  donations,  or  providing 
for  us  in  liberal  bequests,  when  they  are  making  a  distribution  of 
their  worldly  goods  for  other  societies.  And  while  on  this  topic,  let 
me  suggest,  that  if  a  few  examples  of  liberal  donations  or  bequests 
should  be  made  for  special  objects,— such  as  the  publication  of  an 
annual  volume,  as  suggested  by  the  Committee  on  Publication  in 
their  last  report,  to  contain  the  proceedings  of  the  society  in  full, 
especially  the  biographical  sketches  and  the  memoirs  of"  deceas- 
ed members ;  and  from  time  to  time  a  volume  of  such  manuscripts 
or  historical  researches  as  are  of  great  interest;  and  for  the  pur- 
chase of  such  rare  and  very  expensive  books  as  cannot  be  obtained 
without  money,— such  donations  or  bequests  doubtless  would  be 
followed  by  others.  "Within  this  class,"  said  the  Eev.  Mr.  Slafter 
in  his  report  of  1S71,  '-'would  fall  such  books  as  were  published 
in  England  relating  to  the  very  early  voyages  to  this  country, 
the  planting  of  this  colony,  and  the  exceedingly  rare  tracts  which 
treat  of _  the  conflict  between  the  colonies  and  the  mother  coun- 
try." No  better  use  could  be  made  of  money.  We  have  a  lame 
number  of  members  oa  our  list,  many  of  whom  could  aid  us  in  thia 


1875.]  President  Wilder  s  Address.  197 

way.  Most  of  our  funds  have  been  acquired  by  direct  solicitation, 
but  if  a  few  examples  of  bequests  were  to  be  made  to  our  society, 
they  would  beget  others  of  a  like  character,  and  thus  place  our 
institution  on  the  roll  of  societies  which  are  the  constant  recipients 
of  public  favor. 

And  have  you  ever,  my  friends,  duly  considered  the  solemn  import 
and  iuHuence  of  history  in  its  cflect  on  the  welfare  of  the  world,  em- 
bodying as  it  does  the  life-work  of  all  time  ?  0  how  grand  and 
infmite  the  objects  and  issues  with  which  its  record  is  invested  ! 
The  creation  of  this  world !  the  birth  of  an  immortal  soul !  the 
wondrous  story  of  human  existence  and  human  progress !  the  mis- 
sion of  a  Saviour !  the  ineflable  wisdom  and  glory  of  God  in  all  his 
ways  and  works!  ^S''ere  the  influence  of  our  lives  to  end  with  the 
brief  hour  that  we  tread  the  stage,  history  would  be  comparatively  of 
little  import ;  but  when  we  consider  that  our  examples  will  be  redecteil 
on  the  generations  of  future  time,  we  feel  the  responsibility  of  life. 
Were  the  soul  not  destined  to  immortality,  we  might  eat  and 
drink  and  die ;  and  man,  made  in  the  image  of  his  Creator,  "  in 
form  and  movi'ig  how  express  and  admirable !  in  action  how  like 
an  angel!  incomprehension  how  like  a  God!"  man,  His  noblest 
work,  would  be  only  preparing  by  his  probation  here,  to  make  a 
royal  feast  for  worms  ! 

And  yet  how  few  keep  any  note  of  passing  events,  any  record  of 
themselves,  their  ancestors,  or  of  the  incidents  of  the  time  in  which 
they  live  !  Bat  how  important  this  duty  I  The  lessons  of  history 
teach  us  that  events  which  at  the  time  are  apparently  but  of  little 
interest,  often  work  out  a  destiny  of  momentous  consequence  to 
mankind.  Who  that  has  reflected  on  this  subject  does  not  appreci- 
ate its  importance  as  the  great  revelator  which  has  guided  and  will 
forever  be  the  guide  of  all  nations  and  people  in  their  progress  to- 
wards perfection  ?  These  influences  reach  through  all  time,  solve 
thi:  problems  of  human  existence,  and  form  the  basis  of  ail  ad\ances 
in  the  march  of  civilization.  They  are  the  direct  agencies  in  pro- 
moting the  highest  happiness  of  our  race  and  the  glory  of  God. 

Without  entering  into  the  scientific  speculations  of  the  day  in  re- 
gard to  the  creation  of  this  world  or  the  antiquity  of  the  human  spe- 
cies, which  surprise  us  with  conclusions  that  they  date  far  back,  [per- 
haps some  thousands  of  years,  to  an  indefinite  anterior  period ;  with- 
out expressing  any  opinion  in  regard  to  the  theories  of  those  learned 
scientists,  Dr.  Dowell,  Russell,  and  Schliemann,  that  this  globe  may 
be  half  a  million  or  five  millions  of  years  in  age ;  or  of  a  prcadam- 
ite  race,  as  some  suppose;  or  of  the  belief  of  Dr.  Darwin,  and 
others,  regarding  the  origin  of  species  and  the  mutations  of  animal 
or  vegetable  life,  we  cannot  but  feel  a  profound  respect  for  their 
enterprise  and  research ;  and  must  confess  that  they  are  conferring 
on  the  age  a  vast  o mount  of  useful  information,  which  like  a  long 
line  of  witnesses  may  aid   in   unravelling  many  of  the   mysteries 


198  President   Wilder'' s  Address.  [April, 

wlncli  bavc  hitherto  obscured  our  mental  vision  and  confounded 
our  faith.  We  cannot,  tiicrefore,  withhold  the  expression  of  our 
gratitude  for  the  constant  contributions  they  are  making  to  the 
knowledge  of  the  world. 

Thus  science  and  civilization  are  marching  on  hand  in  hand,  and 
thus  the  restless  spirit  of  man  is  ever  reaching  forward  for  more 
light  and  more  knowledge  in  regard  to  the  world  in  which  he  lives, 
the  links  which  connect  the  past  with  the  present,  and  the  destiny  of 
the  race. 

And  now  a  word  in  relation  to  the  influence  of  family  history.  In 
nothing  is  the  divine  benevolence  more  fully  illustrated  than  by  tiiose 
ties  of  friendship  and  fraternal  love  which  bind  the  family  circle 
together,  —  a  type  of  that  blessed  day  when  peace  on  eartli  and 
good  will  to  man  shall  unite  the  families  of  earth  in  the  great 
family  above.  The  importance  of  family  history  has  been  sadly 
overlooked  in  our  land,  and  were  it  not  for  associations  like  our  own, 
we  should  have  been  deprived  of  much  of  the  wisdom  which  we  now 
possess,  and  of  many  of  the  noble  examples  which  have  made  this 
nation  and  people  what  they  arc.  In  some  of  the  older  countries  of 
the  world  it  has  for  centuries  been  a  sacred  duty  to  preserve  the 
genealogy  and  history  of  families;  but  our  busy  population  are  so 
engrossed  with  present  cares,  that  few  have  had  regard  for  the 
past,  or  solicitude  for  the  future  history  of  themselves  or  their 
families.  But  to  those  who  have  a  respect  for  their  ancestral  name, 
or  who  desire  to  be  remembered  when  they  are  gone,  I  know  of  no 
more  agreeable  duty  than  to  place  on  record  the  history  and  inci- 
dents of  their  lives  and  of  their  relatives,  that  they  may  be  carefully 
preserved  to  the  latest  generation.  And  what  more  grateful  reflec- 
tion can  we  have  than  the  thought  that  when  we  have  joined  the 
loved  and  lost  of  earth,  our  names  shall  live  with  theirs  in  the  family 
record  of  long  succession,  and,  if  we  have  in  any  way  contributed  to 
the  happiness  of  the  world,  it  shall  be  remembered  and  felt  in  the 
ages  that  succeed  us  ? 

It  is  through  the  records  of  family  history  that  we  have  the  line- 
age of  our  race  down  from  our  first  ancestor.  Look,  for  example, 
to  the  Bible  record  of  patriarchal  families.  The  history  of  the  Jew- 
ish people  is  a  good  example  for  us,  a  part  of  whose  religion  it  was 
sacredly  to  preserve  and  to  transmit  to  future  ages  the  history  of 
their  families.  Thus  they  have  the  names  of  their  historians,  patri- 
archs, prophets  and  kings  perpetuated  to  the  present  thne,  ''that  the 
generations  to  come  minht  know  them,  even  the  children  who  should 
be  born,  who  should  arise  and  declare  th.em  to  their  children." 

Thus  for  thousands  of  years,  old,  stereotyped  China  has  preserved 
her  history,  and  her  historiocrraphers  are  still  charged  with  the 
duty  of  recording  the  events  of  the  empire.  Thus  England,  from 
the  reign  of  William  the  Conqueror,  has  preserved  with  the  greatest 
care  the  annals  of  the  nation,  and  felt  their  influence  on  the  moral 


1875.]  President  Wilder' s  Address,  199 

and  social  condition  of  society.  Her  "  Herald's  College,"  founded 
more  tlian  eight  hundred  years  ago,  is  still  the  great  genealogical 
repository  whore  details  of  families  arc  to  be  seen  back  to  very 
early  times. 

But  aside  from  considerations  connected  with  fiimily  and  an- 
cestral ;i3sociations,  history  engraves  on  licr  tablet  the  experience 
and  influence  of  all  time,  without  which  we  should  have  only  a 
tangled  skein  of  tradition  to  guide  the  student  in  the  researclies  of 
by-goue  days.  And  considering  the  uncertain  and  perishable  nature 
of  human  affairs,  the  only  safe  course  is  the  record  made  by  each 
generation  as  it  passes  over  tiic  stage  of  action.  The  only  facts 
which  can  be  relied  on  with  safety  are  those  contained  in  contem- 
poraneous records  of  events,  for  the  want  of  which  the  history  of 
remote  periods  has  been  buried  in  the  lapse  of  ages,  and  time  has 
drawn  her  dark  veil  of  obscurity  over  them  forever.  Millions  of  bene- 
factors to  our  race,  whose  deeds  and  virtues  have  been  unrecorded 
and  unhouored  for  the  want  of  institutions  like  our  own,  have  joined 
the  great  congregation  of  the  dead ;  but  we  believe  that  no  such 
neglect  will  in  the  future  occur  in  our  own  beloved  land. 

But  why  should  I  address  you,  my  associates,  in  this  manner, 
except  to  excite  you  to  more  active  exertions,,  and  tlms  to  impress 
others  with  the  importance  of  history,  and  induce  them  to  follow 
your  good  example  ?  In  a  word,  let  us  remember  the  maxims  of  the 
wise  and  good  who  have  gone  before  us. 

"  To  neglect  the  study  of  history,"  said  Johnson,  "  is  not  prudent. 
If  entrusted  with  the  care  of  others,  it  is  not  just." 

"  History,"  said  Cervantes,  "  is  the  depository  of  great  actions, 
the  witness  of  what  is  past,  the  example  of  instruction  to  the  present, 
and  monitor  to  the  future." 

"  History,"  said  Kossuth,  "  is  the  revelation  of  eternal  wisdom, 
instructing  us  how  to  be  happy  and  immortal  on  earth." 

"  History,"  said  another,  "  is  a  sacred  ki  id  of  writing,  because 
truth  is  essential  to  it,  and  where  truth  is,  there  God  himself  is." 

Suffice  it  to  say,  history  is  the  hand-writing  of  Providence  on  the 
wall,  the  revelation  of  his  divine  will,  holding  up  the  mirror  of  hu- 
man life  to  us,  in  which  we  learn  how  that  his  merciful  care,  which 
allows  <'  not  a  sparrow  to  fall  without  his  notice,"  controls  the  des- 
tinies of  his  creatures  for  one  great  end. 

Never  before  has  the  attention  of  the  civilized  world  been  so 
thoroughly  aroused  in  efforts  to  promote  investigation  and  dis- 
covery, and  to  enlarge  the  sphere  of  human  knowledge.  Every 
day  brings  to  light  acquisitions  which  surprise  mankind.  Nor  are 
these  confined  to  earth,  air  and  water;  but  man,  ever  restless  man, 
not  content  to  harness  the  lightning  for  his  use,  directs  his  vision. to 
the  skies,  and,  as  it  were,  compels  the  celestial  orbs  to  unveil 
themselves  to  his  eye,  and  to  transmit  their  image  and  substance  to 
earth.    Nor  does  he,  in  his  desire  for  more  light  and  knowledge, 


200  President  Wilder'' s  Address,  [AprU, 

hesitate  to  enter  the  very  council  chanilier  of  nature's  laboratory, 
and  seizing  the  8ccrct3  of  her  wonder-working  power,  learns  how 
Bhe  paints  the  lily,  perfumes  the  rose,  and  from  the  tiny  seed  raises 
the  monarch  of  the  forest,  rccorJiug  by  its  own  tissues,  as  correctly 
as  the  cbronologist,  an  age  anterior  to  the  birth  of  our  Saviouz*. 

And  thus  the  inrestigations  of  the  naturalist,  the  researches  of 
the  explorer,  the  discoveries  of  the  astronomur,  the  decyphcrings  of 
the  archaeologist,  and  the  record  of  the  historian,  combine  to  make 
the  present  age  more  remarkable  than  any  which  has  preceded  it. 
Nor  will  He  who  made  this  world  and  peopled  it  with  his  own 
image,  suffer  it  to  wane,  or  his  childi-en  to  recede  in  progress ;  but 
will,  we  believe,  control  its  operations  for  the  benefit  of  our  race. 

How  grand  and  sublime  the  lessons  of  astronomy !       One  of  the 
most  remarkable  phenomena  of  the  present  century  occurred  on  the 
8th  of  last  month,  and  which  should  have  a  place  in  the  records  of 
.  the  year.     I  allude  to  the  transit  of  Venus  moving  in  a  line  between 
us  and  across  the  sun's  disk.     Only  four  transits  of  Venus  have  ever 
been  beheld  by  human  eyes;  those  of  1639,  1761,  1769  and  1S74. 
One  more  will  occur  in  1SS2,  which  will  be  visible  throughout  the 
United   States,  and  not  another  until  2004.     This  will  prove  the 
correctness  of  the  present  observations,  and  give  to  the  world  data 
for  calculations  for  the  next   122  years.     Most  of  the  great  na- 
tions of  the  world,  in  which  the  United  States  took  a  conspicuous 
stand,  arranged  expeditions  for  observation  at  different  stations,  both 
on  the  main  land  and  on  the  islands  of  the  sea.  .   From  eighty  to 
one  hundred  expeditions  were  sent  out   under  public  and  private 
patronage,    at   an   expense    of  a  million    of    dollars   or   more,  to 
witness  this  interesting  and  rare   phenomenon.      The  importance 
of  this  enterprise  on  the  bearings  of  science  may  be  appreciated 
when  it  is  shown  that  it  is  expected  to  obtain  with  more  accuracy 
the   distance   of    the    earth   from   the    sun,   the    distances    of    the 
planetary   bodies,  and   the   correction   of  lunar   tables,   by   which 
the  mariner  may  ascertain  his  position  at  sea;   and  to  solve  other 
important  problems. 

And  so  the  march  of  mind  and  the  stride  of  progress  will  go  on  and 
on  to  the  final  day.  Each  generation  will  grow  wiser  than  its  pre- 
decessor, and  man  will  rise  in  the  scale  of  being  from  one  degree  of 
knowledge  to  another.  And  when  we,  who  inhabit  this  globe^  float- 
ing in  mid  air,  reflect  upon  the  immensity  of  space  which  surrounds 
us,  that  twenty  millions  of  stars  already  discovered  are  glittering  in 
the  firmament  above  us ;  when  we  consider  that  it  requires  more 
than  two-thirds  of  the  life  of  a  generation  for  the  light  of  some  of 
these  to  glimmer  on  our  vision,  and  that  others  from  their  infinite 
star-depths  may  never  reflect  a  ray  on  those  who  now  live,  we  are 
overwhelmed  with  awe  and  our  inmost  soul  cries  out,  "Lord,  how 
manifold  are  thy  works !  In  wisdom  hast  thou  made  them  all ! 
O,  Lord,  what  is  man  that  thou  art  mindful  of  him !" 


1875.]  President  Wilder  s  Address.  201 

AnJ  yet  how  merciful  is  that  Providence  that  opens  up  to  us  these 
fields  of  research,  and  whose  watcliful  care  provides  for  the  exigen- 
cies of  life,  the  comfort  and  improvement  of  maiikind!  And  when 
man  comes  to  need,  his  extremity  is  God's  opportunity.  How  won- 
derfully is  this  illustrated  in  our  own  day  and  generation  !  When  our 
forests  were  being  denuded  and  fuel  exhausted,  the  black  diamonds  . 
were  discovered,  hid  for  ages  in  the  bowels  of  the  earth,  producing 
inexhaustible  mines  of  coal.  When  the  monsters  of  tiie  deep,  which 
had  furnished  abundance  of  oil  for  light  and  lubrication  were  be- 
coming reduced  in  numbers,  and  would  be  wholly  inadequate  to  fur- 
nish a  supply,  then  the  liquid  oil  bursts  forth  in  voluntary  fountains 
from  where  it  had  been  concealed.  And  now,  when  the  supply  of 
fertilizing  materials  of  the  Facitlc  Isles  have  nearly  all  been  carried 
oft',  and  our  soils  and  crops  are  hungering  for  restoration,  He  un- 
bosoms the  vast  phosphate  beds  of  our  southern  states,  covering 
an  area  of  two-thirds  of  the  size  of  our  own  State. 

Thus,  too,  the  discovery  of  this  continent  was  withheld  until  the 
world,  groaning  in  bondage,  sighed  for  the  light  of  our  new  civilization, 
—  and,  may  i  not  say  without  exaggeration,  that  no  event  in  the  last 
nineteen  centuries,  if  we  except  the  birth  of  Christ,  was  fraught  with 
such  niighty  issues  for  mankind,  constituting  as  it  does  a  sublime 
era  in  the  grand  drama  of  human  existence,  and  investing  the  his- 
tory of  this  nation  with  events  more  momentous  for  good  than  any 
which  have  characterized  any  other  nation  on  the  globe. 

AVhen  we  review  the  history  of  New-England  fi-om  its  first  set- 
tlement, and  contrast  the  past  with  the  present;  when  we  consider 
the  prom.inent  position  which  this  country,  although  young  in  years, 
now  occupies  in  the  role  of  nations,  whose  thoughts  do  not  instinct- 
ively revert  to  the  momentous  part  which  New-England  men  and 
New-England  principles  have  played  in  the  triumphal  march  of 
modern  civilization!  Like  the  rills  which  grsh  from  her  mountain 
sides  to  commingle  with  old  ocean's  tide,  or  us  light  moving  on  the 
face  of  the  waters,  so  we  believe  will  the  spirit  of  our  free  institu- 
tions affect  the  whole  being  of  mankind,  and  ultimately  irradiate  the 
entire  horizon  of  civilized  lands. 

In  a  few  months  we  shall  be  called  on  to  unite  with  our  friends 
of  Lexington  in  commemoration  of  the  first  battles  of  the  Ameri- 
can Itevolution,  and  next  year  we  shall  be  invited  to  cooperate  and 
participate  in  the  Centennial  Celebration  of  our  nation's  independ- 
ence, at  Philadelphia,  the  place  of  its  birth.  There,  will  be  congre- 
gated the  representatives,  not  only  of  the  states  and  territories 
of  this  great  republic,  but  those  from  other  countries.  There,  too, 
will  be  represented  the  genius  and  skill  of  the  artisan,  and  the 
products  of  the  mines  and  soil ;  and  best  of  all,  there  too  will  be 
the  delegates  from  all  parts  of  the  world  to  exchange  friendly 
greetings  on  our  progress  and  prosperity  as  a  nation. 

But  who  can  estimate  the  debt  of  gratitude  we  owe  to  those  patri- 

VOL.    XXIX.  18 


202  Notes  and  Queries,  [April, 

otic  men  who  then  laid  the  foundation  of  our  free  government  ? 
Surely  tlieir  ivories  do  follow  tlicm.  The  in.>titation3  they  planted 
are  our  richest  inheritance,  and  wo  would  ensiirinc  their  precious 
memory  in  our  hearts  for  all  time.  How  ].ricolcs3  the  blessings 
which  they  have  conferred  on  our  country  and  the  world! 

But  frroat  and  memorable  as  the  past  has  been,  wo  look  forward 
to  still  greater  results  in  the  future;  and  these  arc  the  convictions 
which  impress  the  minds  of  the  intelligent  men  of  the  world. 
In  the  words  of  the  Spanish  statesman,  Scnor  Castelar,  "America, 
and  especially  Saxon  America,  with  its  immense  virgin  territory, 
with  its  republic,  with  its  harmony  between  liberty  and  democracy, 
is  the  continent  of  the  future,  —  the  immense  continent  stretched 
by  God  between  the  Atlantic  and  the  Pacitic,  —  where  manland 
may  plant,  essay,  and  resolve  all  social  prol>lems.  Europe  has 
to  decide  whether  she  will  confound  herself  with  Asia,  placing  upon 
her  lands  old  altars,  and  upon  the  altars  old  idols,  and  upon  tlie 
idols  immovable  theocracies,  and  upon  theocracies  despotic  empires; 
or  whether  she  will  go  by  lalior,  by  liberty,  and  by  the  republic,  to 
collaborate  with  America  in  the  "rnnd  work  of  universal  civilization." 

In  conclusion,  my  friends,  let  us  do  what  we  can  to  advance  the 
well-being  of  our  institution  and  the  cause  which  it  seeks  to  pro- 
mote. For  my  own  part,  I  pledge  myself  to  do  so  while  I  live. 
Ere  long,  many  of  those  who  iww  occupy  these  seats,  and  he  who 
now  addresses  you,  will  have  passed  the  boundary  which  divides 
time  from  eternity;  but  this  association  will  live  on,  and  as  time 
progresses  will  develop  more  and  more  the  benefits  of  its  researches 
and  the  wisdom  of  those  who  founded  it.  Let  us  therefore  discharge 
the  duties  of  our  day  and  generation  with  fidelity,  so  that  our  children 
may  have  cause  to  bless  the  memories  of  their  fathers,  as  we  now 
revere  and  cherish  the  names  of  those  who  laid  the  foundations  of 
this  republic. 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES. 


Errata.— Vol.  sxvm.  parte  40,  lino  2  from  hottora  of  text,  strike  out  the  first 
should;  page  363,  Ime  3  livjiu  bottDiu  ol  note,  ./ur  1700  reaa  1670;  page  370, 'line 
18  from  top,  for  Solcombe.  near  Lydoiii.ivith,  rfad  Saloombe,  near  Sidmouth  ;'page 
395,  line  7  fi'om  top,  the  .'entunce  should  read  tlius:  "  In  the  old  cemetery  in  Far- 
mington,  is  his  tombstone,  a  cuar^c,  unh.wn  «lab,  some  tvro  feet  in  height  and 
eighteen  inches  wide,  with  the  IuIImwih-  in.-rriptinn,  that  must  have  been  broken," 
&c.  ;  page  4.jS,  line  26  from  t.:'i«,./-r  Auiiicr^t  rr,ul  Abercrombie ;  pa<Te  45U,  line's 
from  top,/o/- Bambury  rfCT'/  iJanKury  ;  and  in  lino  i;f  from  bottom 'of  same  page 
strike  out  sentence  beginning  *'  Diirini:  the  absence,"'  &c.  ;  page  460,  for  Smolfet 
(wherever  the  same  occar>)  rrad  Sniulictt ;  in  line  12  from  top  of  same  pac^e  strike 
out  a  year;  and  in  line  13  In -m  top  «.f  sniue  paire/or  loblally  read  loblolly.  "^ 

Vol.  xxix.  page  16,  line  iO  from  t.)j.,_/;>r  (^uik-row  ^(7//  Quiberon  ;  pai'e  20,  line 
8  from  top  of  note,  for  countermand  r-cd  command  ;  pa::e  81.  lines  10  and  ll'frum 
bottom,  should  read  as  follows  :  "  ll..nry  \"ll[.  elu-ed  his  fevrrish  life  and  re'za 
January  28,  1547,  two  years  and  two  days  m^jre  than  a  century  before  his  ^t.  "t.  ^r. 


1875.]      N'ecrology  of  Ulstoric^  Genealogical  Society.  203 

nephew,"  <fec. ;  page  1G6,  line  3, /or  dors  read  doers ;  pa^c  160,  lines  5  and  G,  rend 
liiH  tliiltlrea  as  fiir  as  known,  all  by  lii.s  tirst  wUe  and  burn  in  Ipswich,  were  ;  line 
11.  for  Bennett  read  Uenuct. 

Odet.l. — Willinm  Odell,  fiuppoFcd  to  be  a  descendant  of  the  En-j;!!--}!  familj'of  Odcll 
nieutiuned  in  iUiikte't  '•  LandL<l  Uciitry,"  came  in  lOii'J  fnHn  tjiiiland  to  Concord, 
MahS.,  where  he  u:ls  pro!)Al)Iy  a  member  of  tlie  con^TOi^ution  of  tlie  Kev.  I'eier 
Bulkeley,  who  wan  h(;rn  in  the  parisli  of  Odell,  Bedford  eo.,  Kn:^l:'.n(i.  In  I'Jll, 
Mr.  Odell  rcmoTod  to  P'airtield,  Conn.,  and  liis  son  ^Villianl  liecaiue  one  o(  ihs 
principal  pro;)rietors  of  Rye,  New- York. 

The  undersigned  will  lie  ha]ipy  to  correspond  with  those  interested,  with  a  view 
to  confirming  the  probable  rehui'ontjhijj  between  the  English  and  American  families; 
and  also  with  reference  to  the  preparation  of  o  genealogy  of  the  (amily. 

Yonkers,  Westchester  Co.,  New-York.  Ecgene  Odi::ll. 


PooLK.— Savage  gives  John  Poole,  of  Cambridge,  1632,_  afterward  of  Kcnding. 
What  is  his  authority,  and  who  was  Margaret,  the  wife  of  John  Poole,  from 
whom  descended  the  liimilies  of  that  name  in  Reading,  Medford,  Lynn,  Boston  and 
South  parish  of  Danvers?  C.  U.  Poole. 

Washington,  D.  C. 


NECROLOGY   OF  THE   XEW-EXGLAXD   IIISTOIilC, 
GENEALOGICAL  SOCIETY. 

Prepared  by  the  Hon.  Thomas  C.  Amort,  of  Boston. 

Elisha  Tyso.v  Wilsok,  M.D.,  a  resident  member,  died  in  Boston,  June  IS,  1872, 
aged  59. 

Hid  earliest  American  paternal  ancestor  was  tbe  Rev.  Christopher  "SVil5on,of 
Graj-fioiithen,  in  the  co'inty  of  Cumberland,  in  England,  where  he  was  settled_  as 
a  cler::yman.  An  interesting  and  singular  document  has  been  preserved  ot  him, 
bearing  witness  to  his  piety  and  honesty  of  purpose.  It  is  dated  1759,  and  entitled 
by  himselt  "A  Lamentation  ;"  it  is  a  moan  over  some  reverse  of  fortune.  The  slender 
stipend  of  his  cure  liaving  proved  inadequate  to  the  wants  of  a  growing  family,  he 
had,  to  increase  his  store,  embarked  bis  inheritance  in  foreign  venture,  and  lost  it  all. 
In  his  distress  and  anguish,  he  seeks  for  help  and  guidance,  and  in  his  prayer, 
which  is  beautifully  in^earnest,  implores  that  these  may  be  vouchsafed,  and  that 
whether  it  be  his  lot  to  remove  to  America,  or  whatever  way  else  to  turn,  he  may 
b6  kept  in  paternal  and  divine  sweetness,  and  no  deceit  nor  any  council  but  honesty 
and  upriirhtness  be  his  2:uide. 

His  son  John  man  led  in  this  country  Nov.  U,  1764,  Alisanna  "Webster,  and  their 
third  child,  John  Webster  Wilson,  born  Nov.  2,  1771,  and  Lucretia  Tyson,  born 
Nov.  1,  17-^-0,  became  the  parents,  in  Baltimore  where  they  resided,  of  the  sul'Ject  of 
this  meinuir,  April  U,  1813.  His  father  was  successfully  engaged  for  many  years 
aj5a  D:e!-iliant  in  that  city  in  the  flour  trade.  His  mother  was  the  daugiiter  of 
£li.-h.i  rys.)n,  a  name  well  known  all  over  the  land  for  his  devotion  to  the  colored 
raco  and  his  steady  etforts  to  protect  them,  when  he  could,  from  injustice,  to  improve 
their  c-nditi  .n  and  briuL'  about  emancipation.  His  great-grandrather.  Ryner  Typ.-)n, 
vra-s  a  (Jerman.  converted  to  the  faith  of  Fos.  by  WilliamPenn,  whom  he  accompanied 
to  Kn:,'land,  and  at  whose  request  he  came  over  as  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in 
Pcnit-ylvania.  Kyner  settletl  at  Germantown,  and  afterwards  at  Abinirton,  where 
he  acquired  a  large  estate.  Ilis  nine  children  have  numerously  multiplied.  Elisha, 
.son  of  l.-aac.  s..n  of  Matthias,  eon  of  Ryner,  married  Mary  Amos,  of  Harford 
County,  M-.iryland,  and  their  fourth  child  was  themotlier  of  Dr.  Wilson. 

With  such" proizenitors  as  Christopher  Wils.)n  and  Elisha  Tyson,  the  elements  of 
his  nature  were  well  commingled,  and  in  whatever  Dr.  Wilson  undertook  he  was 
faithful,  assiduous  and  devoted.  At  the  age  of  21,  he  was  engagi-d  in  the  counting- 
riwra  of  his  unole,  and  soon  after  went  to  South  America  to  enter  into  mercantile 
life  there,  but  t!ie  destruction  of  Conception  liy  an  earthquake  chanixed  his  plans 
and  he  returued  to  Lis  early  borne.     Whilbt  seeking  some  pursuit  that  would  ensure 


204  Necrolocjij  of  Historic,  Genealogical  Society.       [April, 

him  competence,  cimnoe  ofiercd  him  n.n  advantn acinus  oponIn<j  into  the  profcstji'jn 
to  whicii  ever  after  he  devoted  his  tuleiitd  with  success  ;  aiid,  havin;,'  niarrioii  Cecilia 
L.  Porter,  of  New-Uavcn,  Cunneeticiit,  in  IBoG,  he  practised  as  a  d'-ntist  fur  sijuic 
years  in  Taunton,  in  this  State,  where  he  w;m  much  reispected,  and  where  several 
of  his  children,  tlirec  of  whiim  still  survive,  were  l>orn.  After  the  loss  of  his  first 
wife, _  he  married,  in  18 lU,  L'liarlottc  Falca  i'eckham,  of  Taunton,  now  resident 
in  this  city. 
After  thes,"  vari  'd  c\pericnces,  with  tliorou^h  knowledge  of  hLs  profession  and 

Eeculiar  qualifications  fjr  its  succe>^sfal  [iractice,  he  estal^Iisbed  himself  in  a  lured 
ouse  in  Boston,  in  1S51,  opposite  the  common,  in  what  wag  known  as  C'ohmnaile 
Kow,  afterwards  •■sclianL^ed  for  the  n  sidcncc  he  purcha-ed  and  occupied  t!;e  residue 
of  his  lifie  in  Marlhuro'  :^treet.  As  a  M;ison  and  i\ni:;iit  Templar,  he  made  influen- 
tial friends.     In  politics,  he  sided  with  the  democratic  party. 

Throughout  tlic  late  war  he  spared  no  effort  to  recruit  the  ranks  of  the  army  and 
put  down  the  rehellion.     lie  olVored  with  the  rest  his  first-born  to  the  cause,  who, 
gaining  many  laurels  in  the  navy,  came  f)at:k  unharnifd.     When,  on  the  outbreak 
•of  the  war,  our  gallant  defenders  left  their  work  and  tlieir  en){)loyments  for  the  front, 
the  communities  at  home  a-^^sumed  the  charge  of  their  dependents.     Stipends  were  tor 
a  while  paid  from  private  contributions,  hut  it  was  nut  long  before  State  aid  vras 
authorized  from  the  Treasury,  and  Dr.  Wilson,  as  one  of  the  Aldermen  of  the  city         ] 
in  18G1-166-2,  distributed  for'the  eightl!  ward,  with  conscientious  fidelity,  this  needed 
relief  among  hundreds  of  families.     Other  Rums  were  raised  subsequently  to  promote 
enlistment  tor  the  same  object,  and  of  one  fund  in  Boston,  called  tfie  Scddier's  fund, 
•which  has  disbursed  nearly  one  hundred  thousand  dollars,  he  was  the  chief  executive 
when  he  died.     The  discharge  of  his  otlier  ofScial  duties  displayed  like  adruinistra- 
tive  skill,  and,  althongh.  hi-  professional  business  was  lucrative  and  eEgrossin|5,  not         1 
one  seemed  to  be  neglected.     lie  gained  the  eftcem  and  confidence  of  the  public  and         ! 
his-nssociates,  and  there  seems  no  reason  to  doubt  that  he  justly  deserved  them.  1 

In  his  professional  ca'-eer.  thuugh  keeping  up  with  the  pjrogress  of  mechanical  i 
contrivance,  he  was  naturally  conservative  ;  trying  few  experiments,  but  ever  reaily  ' 
to  accept  what  had  been  proved  by  others.     His  zeal  in  maintaining  a  high  ^tcndrid  j 

of  his  branch  of  medical  science  was  testified  by  his  originating,  with  the  ooupevatioo 
of  Dr.  Parker  in  iS67,  the  American  Academy  of  Dental  Science,  an  associati-  n  novr 
thoroughly  established  and  well  known.  The  leading  members  of  the  profession 
here,  all  ovei'  the  continent  and  abroad,  gladly  joined  it  as  associates.  Dr.  Wilson 
was  its  first  presidtnt,  and  delivered  a  diecourse  at  the  annual  meeting  in  1SG8. 

He  was  in  early  life  a  quaker,  as  were  his  parents,  but  in  Boston  became  a  mem- 
her  ard  comTQunicant  of  Trinity  church,  and  was  warmly  attached  to  its  ministers, 
Bishop  Eastburn,  Di.  Potter  and  Mr.  Brooks.  lie  contributed  liberally, according 
to  his  means,  to  church  objects,  was  kind  to  the  poor,  a  zealous  friend,  and  de- 
voted to  hospitality,  ilis  deatii,  which  occurred  June  IS,  1ST4,  was  occasioned  by 
pulmonary  disea.se,  after  some  months  of  impaired  healtli,  and  a  few  weeks  of  entire 
prostration.     His  remains  were  deposited  at  Taunton,     lie  left  three  children. 

1.  Charles  \V.,  who  received  a  commi';ion  as  mastf's  mate  May  13.  l&fil,  and 
sailed  at  once  in  the  South  Carolina.  Captain  (now  rear  admiral)  Alden.  He  was 
present  during  the  engagements  at  Cialveston,  Port  Hudson,  Mobile,  at  the  passage 
of  Fort  Morgan,  and  capture  of  the  rebel  ram  Tennessee.  He  served  through  the 
entire  war,  was  twice  promoted,  and  honorably  discharged  with  the  rank  of  acting 
lieutenant,  Nov.,  ISGG.  He  married  Sarah  S.  Atkins,  daughter  of  Isaiah  Atkins,  of 
Boston. 

2.  £lJa  C.  married  A.  E.  Swa.sey,  Jr.,  of  Boston. 

3.  Cecil  P.  married  C.  Josephine  Noursc,  daughter  of  B.  F.  Nourse,  of  Boston. 

Prepared  by  the  late  John-  H.  Siikpp.\:id,  A.M.,  of  Boston. 

Eliakim  Littell,  E-q.,  a  re-ident  mem])er,  was  the  son  of  Stephen  and  Susan 
^Gardner)  Littell,  and  was  h<,rn  in  Burlington,  N.  J.,  January  2,  1797,  and  died  at 
•  Brookline,  Mass.,  Maj'  17.  1670.  He  wa^  a  descendant  in  the  5th  generation  from 
SamueV-  Littell,  of  New  Jers-'y,  born  about  IGSo  (who  is  supposed  by  the  author  of 
"Genealogies  of  the  First  Settlers  of  the  P;ussaic  Valley,"  but  probably  erroneously, 
to  have  been  a  grandson  of  (ieorge  Little,  who  eraiirratcd  in  1640  from  London, 
England,  and  settled  in  Newbury.  Mass.),  through  Jos'-ph."  Capt.  Eliakim^  by  wife 
Hannah  Jewell,  and  Slnih.rn.,'*  his  fltther,  above-named,  born  Jan.  3,  177i.  His 
mother  was  a  direct  de-civlant  from  Thomas  G-Arduer,  who  went  to  Burlington,  N. 
J.,  about  1678,  and  whose  posterity  were  much  respected,  and  often  honored  with 


1875."!        Xecrolorjxj  of  Hhloric,  Genealogical  Society.         205 

hi'^h  and  responslhle  ofiiccs,  both  in  thn  colony  and  the  state  of  Nevv-Jerscy.  Ilia 
piueinal  araiidihthcr,  C;\pt.  Eliakim  Littell.  dihtiii5,rui.shcd  liim?tUin  the  defence  ot 
Springtield,  N.  J.,  \s\wi\  attacked  I)y  the  oneijiy  in  the  Ann-rieiiu  Rev.jlution  ;  and, 
in  the°churoiiyard  ot  tluxt  [ikioc,  a  luoniiment;  has  been  erected  to  the  memory  of  thid 
gullunt  man. 

The  su>iieet  of  this  notl'^c  received  hin  education  at  tlic  grnmmar  school  at  Iladdon- 
field,  X.  J.  Thou^li  he  did  nit  remain  hero  Invi,,  \\U  i)n)j;ress  in  his  studies  was 
rapid.  Bii-ssed  wiTli  iViends,  who  were  fund  of  literature  and  p^s.-Cf^sed  oi'  choice 
libraries,  he  obtained  the  loan  of  standard  works,  wliich  funned  in  him  a  Hound  judi:- 
luent,  and  cultivated  a  taste  fur  the  Kn'^disli  classics,  so  little  road  and  Kejdom  souir'.it 
for  by  tlie  youth  of  our  times.  Such  was  the  ardor  of  younu:  Litt'dl  to  improve  and 
elevate  his  mind  that  he  often,  while  an  apprentice  in  a  b)okstorc,  sat  up  until  after 
midnight,  porin;^  over  the-  contents  of  some  i,a-and  old  author. 

Thus  qualified,  by  a  lose  of  belle-lettres  and  an  extensive  knowled;^c  ot  our  best 
■writers,  to  jmiire  of  the  merits  of  works,  lie  be,:,-an  Imsinessas  a  publisher,  and  is.uc-l 
Hume's  Histury  of  Ei'iland,  ilorue's  Introduction  to  the  Stn«ly  of  the  yeri[.tarts, 
the  writings  ,.f  Miss  Kiirewurth,  Bishop  Bcveridi^^e  and  Bickersteith,  and  many  other 
books  of  standard  reputatiun. 

In  January,  ISi'J,  he  commenced,  at  Philadelphia,  a  weekly  literary  paper,  enti- 
tled the  yalional  R'Xonler,  which  was  enlarged  in  18-31,  and  called  the  ^/^wrt/ay 
Magazine,  and  the  next  year  was  merged  in  Tii-.  Museum  of  Forwjn  Literature  and 
An.  This  was  a  monthly  magazine,  in  which  was  reproduced  the  cream  of  the 
English  quarterlies,  monthlies  -and  other  periodicals.  With  only  a  few  intervals,  it 
■was  published  twenty-one  years.  In  16 14,  he  removed  to  Massachusetts,  and  l)egan, 
at  Boston.  May  11.  isU,  tlie  pubiieati.jn  of  the  Livinr/  A'jf\  a  weekly  magazine,  o!'a 
eimilar  character  to  the  Museum  of  Foreign  Literature.  Thi-^  work  makes,  annually, 
fjur  (|uarterlv  volum'.s,  and,  at  his  dece-ase,  it  had  reached  1354  numbers  and  ttio 
10.')th  volume.  .  -,     ,    c-  ^ 

■  When  Mr.  Littell  began  this  great  and  costly  undertaking,  it  was  a  doubtail  ex- 
periment ;  but  its  success  justified  his  enterprise.  His  reading  had  been  .so  vari'ius 
and  comprehensive  that  he"  saw  that  literature,  in  reaching  tiie  public  mind,  had 
assumed  new  channels.  Through  the  medium  of  periodicals  and  reviews,  published 
weeklv,  monthly  or  quaiterly,  the  pen  of  genius  and  learning  concentrated  its 
forcesin  terse  and  elaborate  articles  on  particular  topics,  sume  of  which,  especially 
those  of  Jefi'rey  and  Macaulay,  were  of  great  power,  and  were  sought  for  with 
avidity.  England,  Scotland  and  Ireland  were  soon  fl.ioded  with  these  pablicati.)ns. 
Cou=eqaently,  few  persons  on  this  siile  of  the  water  could  afford  to  purchase  them 
all,  and  fewer  still  had  time  to  read  them.  The  public  soon  appreciated  the  worth 
of  the  Living  Age.  To  embody  the  gist  of  the  foreign  periudicals  in  a  weekly  maga- 
zine ;  to  re])roduce  in  its  columns  tales  of  romance  written  by  the  great  nuvelists  ot 
the  day;  to  give  here  an  article  on  history  or  biography,  and  there  an  essay  on 
science,  interspersing  them  with  notes  and  paragraphs  of  late  discoveries  and  inven- 
tions; and  to  adoriT  occasionally  the  whole  with  a  leaf  watered  by  the  tVmntain  .'f 
Helicon,  this  was  the  noble  and  darling  object  of  a  life  consecrated  to  useliiino-s. 
Well  may  thL^  periodical  be  compared  to  a  labor-saving  machine,  reaping  the  rich 
prairies  of  knowledge  and  binding  the  serials  in  sheaves  for  the  reader. 

The  Living  Age  contains  sixtV-four  pages,  weekly,  in  double  columns.  To  pre- 
pare tlie  D-aterials  and,  Wi.-ek  by  week,  to  edit  such  a  work  was  an  herculean  task. 
The  incespant,  unabating,  interminable  labor  must  often  have  discouraged  him. 
Vet,  ever  cheerful,  without  a  murmur  at  his  lut,  never  idle  nor  absent  from  hia 
de^k  or  duty,  and  unallured  by  the  temptations  of  pleasure  or  the  stir  of  novelty, 
Mr.  Litteirwent  im  in  his  enterprise,  days  and  weeks,  and  months  andyears,  during 
the  briiihtest  and  best  part  of  a  long  life. 

The  te^timunial-  uf  Juhn  Quincy  Adams,  Judge  Story,  Chancellor  Kent,  Edward 
Everett,  Geurge  Ticknor,  the  historian  Prescott,  and  many  uther  eminent  scliulars 
aiming  the  living  and  dead,  bear  witness  to  his  skill  and  judgment  as  an  editor. 

Mr?  Littell  was  the  author  of  a  bclieme  of  revenue  reform,  known  as  the  "  Compro- 
mise Tariff,"  whicii  was  adopted  and  earned  through  Congre-s  by  Mr.  Clay,  during 
the  a-lmini-tration  of  uen.  Jackson.  His  opinions  of  Free  Trade,  when  Secretary  of 
the  Free  Traile  Convention  in  Philadelphia,  where  Albert  Gallatin  presided,  were 
commended  in  the  New  York  Evening  Post,  and  won  theap;ivoval  of  statesmen  and 
tinancitrs.  He  was  a  man  of  uncommonly  genial  disposition,  his  tcmperauient  being 
naturally  elieerfii!,  and  his  friendship  unwavering.  His  turn  fur  wit  and  anecdote 
was  remarkable,  yet  he  w'.is  tender  and  considerate  of  the  feelings  of  others.  He 
■was  a  polished  gentleman,  affable  and  courteous  in  all  the  relations  of  life. 
VOL.  2XIX.  18* 


206  JV.  E.  Historic,  Genealoqical  Societtj.  [April, 

He  lived  bcyoml  the  term  uKually  nlli)ttcil  to  our  race,  ami  his  mental  powers  were 
unimpaired  t.>  tlie  end  of  liislife.  His  sickmj-<  was  tilim-t ;  i'ur  lie  was  at  hi-;  pM.-,c  on 
Friilay,  tlio  Gth  of  May,  and  on  Tin'sduy,  tlie  i7t!i,  wliile  he  lay  Furr'jundi.d  by  his 
family,  deatli  put  liis  hand  i^'cntly  cm  him.  lie  wan  hiiried  in  Foresit  Hills  Cemetery, 
under  the  solemn  rites  (ifthi'  ly.iscnrnl  chureti,  oCwliioli  he  had  long  been  a  member, 
and  many  friends  symfiathi/.'^d  with  thenDurners  at  the  funeral. 

_  Inthisobitunry,  amoi'i;  the  virtues  of  the  deeeased,  one  trait  of  character  espe- 
cially d';serve.s  our  notice;  for  it  ran  through  the  whole  path  of  lifi',  froui  the  morn- 
ing to  tiie  evening  of  his  days.  It  never  palled  nor  drooped,  nor  lost  its  sweet  inllu- 
ence  over  his  soul.  I  refer  to  his  tasto  (or  reading,  his  intense  love  of  books,  and 
thii-st  for  knowledge.  If  electricity  viviJit-s  nature  and  adorns  creation  with  wealth 
and  beauty,  the  eleetriu  [lower  of  reading  seems  in  the  same  manner  to  vitali/.e  the 
mind.  It  was  surely  so  with  him.  He  had  a  burning  thirst  for  books— i^uoks  of  the 
highest  and  most  artistic  kinds.  From  them,  he  derived  the  exquisite  taste  in 
esthetics  which  so  often  showed  itself  in  The  Living  Age. 

He  was  admitted  to  this  society  June  4,  1807. 


NEW-ENGLAND  HISTORrC,  GENEALOGICAL  SOCIETY. 

Boston,  Wednesday,  January  G,  1875. — The  annual  meeting  was  held  this  after- 
noon at  half-pa>t  rwo  o'clock,  at  theSjciety's  House,  13  Somerset  street,  the  president, 
the  E'on.  Mardiall  P.  Wilder,  in  the  chair. 

David  G._  Hawkins,  Jr.,  the  recording  secretary,  read  the  record  of  the  proceeding.? 
at  the  previous  meeting,  which  was  approved. 

The  Hon.  Charles  L.  \\'or,dbury,  chairman  of  the  nominating  committee,  re- 
ported a  list  fjr  officers  and  committees.  The  Hon.  George  Cogswell  and  the  Kev. 
Thomas  R.  Lambert,  D.F).,  were  ap|)ointed  a  committee  to  collect  and  count  votes, 
who  reported  the  above-. lamed  list  of  candidates  unanimously  elected.  The  officers 
and  committees  for  1875  are  : 

Preside7it.—ThQ  Hon.  Marshall  P.  Wilder. 

Vice-Prexidents. — The  Hon.  (h'orge  C.  i:ichardson,  Massachusetts;  the  Hon, 
Israel  Wa.hburn,  Jr.,  LL.D.,  Maine  :  William  B.  Towne,  AM..  New-Hampshire; 
the  Hon.  Hampden  Cutts,  A.M.,  Vermont;  the  Hon.  John  R.  Bartlett,  A.M., 
Rhode  Island  ;  the  Hon.  William  A.  Buckingliam,  LL.D.,  Connecticut. 

Honorary  Vire-  Presidents  .—  The  Hon.  John  A.  Dix.  LL.D.,  Xew-York  ;  the  Hon. 
John  Wentworth.  LLD.,  Illinois;  the  Rt.  Rev.  William  Ingraham  Kip,  D.D., 
California;  the  Hon.  Increase  A.  Lapham,  LL.D.,  Wisconsin  ;  the  Hon." William 
A,  Richardson,  LL.D.,  Disrrict  of  Columbia  ;  William  A.  Whitehead,  F^q.,  New- 
Jersey;  the  Hon.  Jnhn  H.  B.  Latrobe,  Maryland;  William  Duane,  Tl^q.,  Pennsyl- 
yania  ;  the  Rev.  Joseph  F.  Tattle.  D.I)..  Inlliana  ;  the  Hon.  Thomas  Spooner,  Ohio. 

Corresponding  Secretary.— Thv  Rev.  FMmund  F.  Shifter,  A.M.  Recording  Se:re- 
iary.— David  Green  Haskins.  Jr.,  A.^L  Tr^ff^urer.— Benjamin  Barstow  Torrey, 
Esq.  Historxo^-rapher.—T\\e  Rev.  Samuel  Cutler.  Librarian.— Zohn  Ward  Dean, 
A.M. 

Directors.— ThQ  Hon.  George  C.  Richardson,  Charles  W.  Tuttle,  A.M.,  John 
Cummings,  Esq.,  John  Foster,  Esq.,  the  Hon.  Charles  Levi  Woodbury. 

Committee  on  PutJir.ation. —Whvri  H.  H.iyt,  .■^.^L,  John  Ward  "Dean,  A.M., 
Wm.  B.  Towne,  A.M.,  the  Rev.  Lucius  R.  Paige,  D.D.,  Harry  II.  Edes,  Jeremiah 
€olburn,  A.M.  ^ 

Committee  on  the  Library.— J amv^  F.  Hunnewcll,  Esq.,  Jeremiah  Colburn,  A.M., 
Deloraine  P.  Corey,  Esq.,  I'rof.  Ciiarles  P.  Otis,  A.M.,  George  T.  Littlefield,  Esq. 

Committee  on  Finance. — William  B.  Towne,  A.^^.,  Henry  Edwards.  Esq.,  the 
Hon.  Charles  B.  Hall,  Pcrcival  L.  Everett.  R-^q.,  t!ie  Hon.  John  A.  Buttrick. " 

CommMtee  on  Papers  and  J-Jssays.— The  Rev.  Dorus  Clarke,  D.D.,  Frederic  Kid- 
der, Esq.,  the  Rev.  I.  X.  Tarhox,  D.D.,  W^iiliam  S.  Gardner,  A.M.,  Albert  B.  Otis. 
A.M.,  the  Rev.  W.  F.  Malhilien,  D.D. 

Committee  on  Heraldry .—Y\\(i  Hon.  Thos.  C.  Amorv.  A.M.,  Abner  C.  Goodell, 
Jr.,  A.M.,  Augustus  I.  Perkins,  A.M.,  William  S.'Appletou,  A.M.,  George  B,' 
Chase,  A.  M. 


1875.]  iV.  E.  llldoric,  Genealogical  Society.  207 

The  Hon.  M-,irsl>all  P.  Wilder  havinic  been  rc-elcctcl  pre-ident  then  delivered  bis 
annu.l  address,  ^vhi.■!>  ^vill  I>e  found  in  this  na.nher  ot  tl'</^^?,'^"«:,f;f^  Lumb^r'of 

.l„hn  Ward  Dean,  the  librarian,  raadc  his  annual  report  liie  ^  l.u  e  "  "'^^^^  ^^ 
volunies  in  the  library  as  re^>..rted  la.t  year  ^va.  n,0:U,  "V^'t';;""  ^  "^«  rnmnlS 
makin.r  a  total  of  12  337  volumes  nuw  in  the  library.  J  lie  n  i mlicr  ot  pampmets 
Sported  b,^.t'ta^vas:u;,S31,  a  since  3,580,  making  40,411  pamphlet,  in  tho 

^''fanief  F'"lun;";utei,nirman  of  tha  committee  on  the  library    reported  the 
needs  of  the  li'.rary  and  ofiercd  sii--e.stiuns  for  D.akin,-it  more  coinplcte. 

Col  insert  II.  Hovt,  chairman  of  the  committee  on  publ.cat.on,  and  bamuel  Adams 
Drake,  chairman  of  the  committee  ou  papers  and  esbays,  made  the  annual  reports 

°^*he  Rev '  Ellmnud  F.  Slafter,  the  corresponding  Bccretary,  reported  that  forty-two 
rc4lenrand  siK^-orrosponding  n.euibers  had  In^en  added  to  the  .oe.ety  durio.^  tho 
year.  He  also  reported  the  usual  historicnl  correspondence.  ^  ,  ^,  ,  ,  .^„,,  ,  • 
The  Rev  Oorus  Clarke,  D.U.,  the  historiographer,  reported  that  biographi- 
cal sketche;  of  t  verdv-seven  decea^d  members  had  been  prepared  and  read  duving 
It  yeaf  Th  rty-cw.J  members  had  died  in  137 1  and  the  deaths  ot  three  other  mem- 
bers  whodi-din  previous  years,  had  come  to  his  knowledge  during  this.  l)>. 
SarklaLo  tendered  hi.s  resignation,  and  6tated  that  during  the  seven  years  of  h.3 
incimbenei  tie  memoirs  of  about  one  hundred  and  thirty  deceased  memberH  had  been 
premred  by  him  and  his  a.si.tants,  Charles  W.  Tuttle  and  John  W  ard  Dean, 
each  of  who.n  had  held  the  position  of  as,istant  hi,stori.)grapher  for  tlm|e  >ear» 

ile^amin  B.  Torrev,  the  treasurer,  reported  that  the  ii.-ome  m  IH74,  from  annual 
assessment,  adadssion  fees,  the  income  ol  the  life  and  ^1'^^^^';^  f."'^^v/"^;]^?,^ 
halance  of  830.9 1  at  the  beglnnin-  of  the  year,  amounted  to  .^2  0-4  33_  fht  oidui.  ry 
exnenses  have  been  <^'l SJiO .\2 ,  leaving  a  balance  m  the  trea-sury  ot  .^4.^1.  L>uiin„ 
t'e  ve.  r  ^'IS  have  he  a  received  for  life-membership  and  added  to  the  life-fund 

Cnl     ^lav  n  U    Hod'  .3.  chairman  of  the  truste.-s  of  the  Bond  tun<l   repor_ted  Uaat 
C;8  10  had  been  expended  for  books,  and  that  the  fund  now  amounted  to  -^-l'^-^'- 
"^  The  Hon.  Charles  B.  Hall,  for  the  trustees  ot  the  lowue  memorial  fund,  reported 
that  this  fund  now  amounts  to  ,S3,595.-23.  ~   ,      t,      ..        t     a    ^or^^,■^r^,1  t>ni- 

William  B.  Towne,  chairman  of  the  trustees  of  the  Bars  ow  fund,  repoitcd  that 
this  fund  amouots  to  Sl,OO0,  tiiat  1821  volumes  have  been  bound  ll^fj^'l';^;;^'% 
during  the  twelve  years  of  its  existence,  and  there  is  a  balance  to  the  account  ot 

^^CoL^A.^D."  Hodges,  for  the  trustees  of  the  Cushman  fund,  reported  that  this  fund 

°°Dekno''A.*Go(fdard,  Esq.,  chairman  of  the  committee  appointed  at  the  December 
meeting,  reported  the  following  resolutions,  which  were  unanimiiusly  adopted  : 

This  society  desires  to  place  on  its  records  an  expression  ot  its  respect  tor  t tie 
memory  of  its  late  associate,  Daniel  N.  Haskell,  whose  death    while  /"  th^  [ulue.a 
and  vigor  of  his  life,  has  taken  from  the  society  a  value  1  member  and  trom  tUia  com- 
munity an  e.stimable  and  useful  citizen.  ...  ,     u        J     V.^^r.^^-r  rf  ^mor^ 
In  his  professi.m  Mr.  Haskell  was  a  discriminating  and  shrewd  o.^^f  ^^^'^  J  ^  °>;" 
and  events,  quick  to  form  opinions  and  abrupt  in  expressing  them,  but  on  account 
of  his  strong  common  sense  and  prevailing  uprightness  ot  purpose    seldom  go  ng 
wrong;  of  a  temperament  naturally  sympathetic  and  disposeQ_  to  take  up  ii'-jirtiiy 
whatever  objects  enlisted  his  feelings  or  were  commended  to  his  judgment  ;  aiwavs 
readv,  and  more  than  rendv,  to  do  his  part  for  the  interests  and  welfare  ot  the  com- 
munity in  which  he  lived.'  In  presenting  his  own  views,  or  in  shaping    lie  views  oi 
those  around  him,  his  mental  honesty,  his  truthfulness,  frankness  and  directness  ot 
character  gave  to  his  work  a  peculiar  quality  which  was  sure  to  attract  attention, 
and  will  be  long  remembered.                                        ^  ^  ^  .  •  vu    u     ;> 
Mr   Haskell  was  always  interested  in  the  annals  of  Boston  and  its  neighborhood, 
and  especially  in  the  personal  and  family  traditions  which  make  up  its  unwritten 
history.     In  the  investigations  of  this  society  he  also  had  a  lively  interest,  and  took 
especial  ph^asure  in  promoting  its  objects  by  every  means  in  his  power.         _ 

\s  a  citizen  he  was  universally  resjjected  ;  and  among  those  who  knew  him  well, 
he  was  beloved  for  many  tine  qualities  of  mind  and  heart.  Of  a  character  open  as 
the  day,  .^enerous  alike'to  friend  and  foe,  manly,  honorable,  straighttorward  in  all 
his  dealin-s,  of  .-reat  tenderness  of  nature,  especially  toward  children  and  those  who 
were  advanced  in  age,  interested  in  young  men,  and  always  free  with  needed  counsel 
and  sympathy,  giving  to  all  expressions  of  genuine  allection  a  more  lavish  return  ; 
aU  this  we  wish  to  put  on  record  as  testimony  of  respect  and  gratitude  for  a  lite 


208  BooTc-2\^otices.  [April, 

adorneil  tvith  ?o  many  virtues  and  excinplifying  in  so  many  ways  the  graces  of  a  truly 
Chri-tinn  cliaracter. 

Williiim  II.  Tnisk,  cliriirinan  of  the  committee  jireviou-ly  a'jpointed  for  the  pur- 
pose, nported  the  fiiUowini^  resolutiuiis  \vliich  were  also  adapted  : 

IV/'i^rfao:  the  Kev.  Dorii-^  Cliirkc,  D.D.,  lii.-t'niiii:raj)her  of  this  fiociety  f)r  the  past 
seven  year^,  has  expre.-sed  a  wish  to  he  relcnwed  li-.nu  that  oftoe,  it  \a  thcivfure 

i\<.iv)/(v.(i',  Tliat  in  ac  edini;  to  this  rei[iu'st  we  would  bear  witness  to  the  iidelity 
and  thiirou!^Iiiie-s  which  tie  hns  so  truly  iiianilestrd  in  the  dischar^'e  of  th  ,■  duties  of 
said  otlice,  involving  mueh  correspondence,  patient  investigation  and  industry  to 
eecure  success. 

Resolved,  Tiiat  the  thanks  of  this  pi>eicty  be  tendered  Dr.  Clarke  for  the  invaluable 
service  he  lias  so  long  rendered  us  in  this  capacity,  and  tliat  our  best  wishes  go  with 
him  in  the  t'liture. 

Rtsolvkd,  That  the  secretary  be  requested  to  furnish  Dr.  Clarke  with  a  copy  of 
these  resolutions. 

On  motion  of  Frederic  Kidder,  it  was  voted  to  petition  the  city  government  to  re- 
medy the  deficiencies  of  tlie  oflicial  records  by  procuring  transcripts  of  existing  church 
records  or  otherwise. 

Boston,  Wednesday,  February  3,  1875. — A  stated  meeting  was  held  this  afternoon 
at  three  o'clock,  at  tlie  Society's  House,  lb  Somerset  street,  the  president,  the  Hon. 
JIarshall  P.  Wilder,  in  the  chair. 

Edward  R.  Humphreys,  Lli.D.,  of  nekton,  read  a  paper  on  "Oxford  and  Oxonians," 
which  cembined  much  valuable  information  in  regard  to  the  history  of  the  University 
of  Oxford,  England,  and  tiio  course  of  study  pursued  there,  with  interesting  remi- 
niscences of  life  in  its  walls,  and  accounts  of.  many  of  it."  quaint  old  customs  still 
observed.  On  motion  of  the  Hon.  Francis'B.  Ha3-es.  thanks  were  voted  to  Dr. 
Hamphrei-s  fur  his  valuable  paper.  ^Ir.  Ha3-es  made  some  appropriate  remarks 
upon  t'le  occasion,  and,  as  a  graduate  of  Harvard  Colleire,  reciprucated  the  kindly 
feelings  which  Dr.  Humphreys,  a  graduate  of  an  English  university,  had  expressed 
toward  that  institution. 

John  Vr.  Dean,  the  librarian,  made  his  monthly  report  of  donations  to  the  library. 
Durng  January,  tliere  had  l)een  received  1.3  volumes,  55  pamphlets,  22  oLd  State 
bank  bills,  1  jjanuscrijit,  2  broadsides.  Special  mention  was  made  of  the  donations 
of  George  T.  Paine,  uf  Pruvidence,  R.  I.,  Charles  1".  Duucklee,  of  New- York  city, 
Miss  Eilen  D.  Earned,  of  Thompson,  Conn.,  and  Gen.  J.  Watts  de  Peyster,  of 
Tivoli,N.  Y. 

A  letter  was  read  from  Brev.-Maj.-Gen.  Henry  W.  Benham,  U.S.A.  It  was 
accompanied  by  the  well-known  manu.scriut  history  or  record  of  Fort  Independence, 
formerly  Castle  William,  in  Boston  harbur,  written  from  sixty  to  seventy-five  years 
ago,  and  mainly  by  Major  Nehemiah  Freeuian,  U.S.A.  Gen.  Benham  deposits 
this  volume  for  .safe  keer>ing  with  the  .society,  and  it  is  to  be  kept  in  the  society's 
commodious  safe.     Thanks  were  voted  to  Gen.  Benham. 


BOOK-NOTICES. 


A  History  of  Xew-Siceden  :  or.  the  Settlements  on  the  River  Delaware.  Bv 
Israel  Acuelius,  Provost  of  tlie  Swedish  Churches  in  America,  and 
Rector  of  the  01(1  Swedes'  Church,  Wilmington,  Del.  Translated  from 
the  Swedish,  with  an  Introduction  and  Notfjs,  by  Willia^i  M.  Reynolds, 
D.D.,  member  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  etc.  Published 
under  the  Joint  Auspices  of  the  Historical  Societies  of  Pennsylvania  and 
Delaware.  Philadelphia:  Publication  Fund  of  the  Historical  Society  of 
Pennsylvania,  No.  »:i'>  Spruce  Street.  1874.  [8vo.  pp.  l.-j-ioS-lG-f- 
10  pages  of  Names  of  Subscribers  to  Pub.  Fund.] 

As  early  as  1624  the  heroieGustaf  Adolph  of  Sweden  conceived  the  idea  of  found- 
ing a  Colony,  or  colonies,  in  >iorih  America  as  a  refuge  for  the  persecuted  Protestants 


1875.]  Booh-Xotlces.  209 

of  Europe.  It  was  to  be  a  free  state,  where  nil  tliould  be  secure  in  their  persons, 
their  pruijortv,  :;iiil  their  riirlits  of  coii.scion>-v.  Slavery  was  not  to  he  permitted. 
The  native  inlialutants  were  to  he  treated  khv.ily,  ami,  if  potsihle,  brouL,'ht  within 
the  elevatinir  int'.iicnvx-  n[  a  Christian  civiliz;\:i.'n.  The  iti<;a  was  as  L^rand  as  it  waa 
novel ;  and  it  was  worthy  of  the  head  arvl  h.-.rt  of  its  author.  Duriui,'  all  the  wars 
and  po'.ititvl  eom'.LHition's  in  whicli  Uustaf  \vj.>  thtiieflMrward  enrai^ed  up  to  the 
time  of  his  death  in  lt;:>v\  lie  never  lost  sight  o\.  this  project ;  but  it  was  reserved  to 
bis  friend  ;'.nd  pr'me  :iiinister,  hi's  successor.  aU.^  in  the  administration  of  tiie  kin;^- 
dom,  the  ujrcat  Axel  Usoustiern,  to  praeticilly  iuauu;arate  the  plans  of  liis  august 
master.  In  lUiiT,  he  de>patehcd  a  colony  to  cLe  banks  of  tlie  Delaware.  Here  lliey 
arrived  early  in  IGot*,  and  found  the  country  unoccupied  eave  by  a  few  peaceable 
Indians.  ,  .  ,•  i         v 

Two  or  three  attempts  in  previous  years  by  the  Netherlanders  to  establish  traflin;^ 
posts  on  the  Delaware  had  utterly  failed.  The  English,  although  claiming  tho 
country  as  theirs  by  the  dubious  right  of  prior  discovery,  had  never  essayed  a  tottle- 
ment  in  tiiat  locality.  The  Swedes,  true  to  the  sjnrit  of  their  instructions,  entered 
into  treaties  of  amity  with  tlie  natives  of  the  ^^jii,  and  purchased  from  tlieui  such 
privileiies  as  thev  iiad  to  sell,  namely,  to  inhabit,  to  hunt,  to  fish,  and  to  tdl  the 
soil  without  molestation  from  the  aborigines  ;  and  thus  by  the  right  of  actual  and 
permanent  settlement  they  could  claim  the  territory  as  against  any  other  settlers  or 
colonists  in  America.  . 

The  colony,  thr.s  happily  begun,  steadily  donrishcd  under  the  favoring  support  of 
the  home  government,  and  witli  only  a  few  interruptions  from  the  Hollandero  at 
Manhattan  and  the  English  of  New-England,  so  long  as  Sweden  continued  t<3  hold 
its  own  among  the  great  military  powers.  The  colonists  as  steadily  pursued  the 
policy  uf  justiee,  umi  iience  of  peace,  toward  the  Indians,  and  thus  tet  an  example 
which  Penn,  his  associates  and  successors,  imitated  and  followed.  \Vhen,  however, 
Sv  cd(  n  had  exhaus  ed  her-elf  by  the  '"  thirty  years'  war,"  and  when  the  great  Uxen- 
stiern  w-as  dead,  then,  in  IC.55,  the  Hollanders  at. Manhattan  under  Stuywcsant  sallied 
forth,  more  than  sis  hundred  strong,  subjugated  the  Swedes  on  the  Delaware  de- 
fended by  less  than  one  hundred  and  tifty  iigii ring-men,  and  took  possession  of  their 
country.'  Their  tvranny  was  sharp  and  opurtssive,  but  their  dominion  was  short; 
for  in  less  than  "ten  years  both  Swedes  and  Ilollauders  in  North  America  were 
brought  under  the  swav  of  the  crown  and  laws  of  Great  Britain. 

But  though  the  poli'tical  connection  was  thus  severed,  the  government,  people, 
and  Church'^of  Sweden  never  ceased  to  take  an  aftectionate  interest  in  tliose  pio- 
neers of  Christian  civilization  on  the  Delaware,  and  from  time  to  time  supplied  them 
with  religious  teachers.  Among  these  was  the  elder  Campanius,  who,  as  early  as 
164-;2,  under  Governor  Printz's  administration,  zealously  engaged  in  the  work  of 
Christanizing  the  Indians.  In  this  he  ance-iated  by  several  years  the  laboi-soi 
Eliot,  "  the  apostle  "  to  the  Indians  of  Massachusetts,  as  he  did  probably  by  his  Dia- 
logues and  Vocabularies  of  the  language  of  the  Delawarcs,and  by  his  translation  of 
Lutler's  Shorter  Catechism,  "  any  other  attempts  at  reducing  the  language  ot  the 
Nort.i  American  Indians  to  writing."  j  r    u 

In  1696.  under  the  effjrts  of  Dr.^Svedberg,  afterward  bishop  of  Skara,  and  lather 
of  the  celebrated  Emanuel  Swedenborg,  the  "  Swedish  mission  in  America  was 
established;  and  through  this  agency  the  Swe-.iish  churches  on  the  Delaware  were 
furnished  with  a  suf^cession  of  pastors  and  teachers,  with  books,  and  pecuniary  aid 
for  the  erection  of  toeir  churches.  From  1696  to  1766  the  number  of  clergymen  thus 
furnished  was  not  less  than  twenty-four,  and  a:  a  cost,  it  is  estimated,  ot  Irom  one 
hundred  thousand  to  two  hundred  thousand  dollars.  During  forty  years,  Ipmi  IhOa 
ti)  1735,  Bishop  Svedberg  was  the  constant  friend  and  superintendent  of  this^mis- 
eion.  He  presented  the^hurches  with  hundreds  of  copies  of  his  hjinn  book.  '*  Ue 
s«^nt  big  own  son  to  them  as  a  schoolmaster,  and  several  of  his  relatives  as  clergy- 
men," says  Dr.  Reynolds  :  and  "  he  maintained  a  constant  correspondence  with  them, 
and  wrote  an  extensive  work  (entitled  'America  lUuminata'),  on  the  subject  ot  mis- 
sions in  America.  .  .  In  1712,  the  Englbh  '  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gos- 
pel '  thanked  the  king  for  his  care  of  the  Sweles  in  America,  and  electedBishop 
Svedberg  as  one  of  its  honorary  members.  It  was  in  accordance  with  his  instruc- 
tions that  the  Swedish  missionaries  in  Amerie^a  maintained  such  intimate  relations 
with  this  society  and  the  Episcopal  churches  and  clergymen  in  the  same  field  of 
labijr."  .    . 

Among  other  distinguished  Swedes  who  t-Kps.  a  deep  interest  in  this  mission  were 
Charles  XII.  the  king ;  Professor  Peter  Kalm  the  naturalist,  who  while  in  America 


210  Booh-JSFotlces.  [April, 

(174S-1750),  found  the  matorinls  for  his  two  volumes  of  travels  ami  observations, 
andawilb;  and  Dr.  Cliurlcs  M;iL;nus  von  U'rangul,  wlio  from  1730  to  1768  was 
provost  of  the  Swedish  chiirclios  on  the  Delaware.  Several  of  tho  Svvcdisli  Ameri- 
can i)astors,— 8acli  as  lle^.-clius,  Cjurek,  and  Aereliiis, — wrote  and  piihli=hed  bookrt 
"  on  the  state  of  the  .Swedish  (.'huroh  in  Anieriea."  '•  Of  all  these,  however,^"  says 
Dr.  Koynolds,  "  the  work  of  A'Telius  is  the  most  coinj)loce  and  respeciahie."  Tlie 
work  tha>  sj^oken  of  is  the  one  before  us,  which  is  now  f  jr  the  first  time  given  to  the 
•world  in  tlie  EnLcIisli  h^ngne.  The  Ilev.  isiael  Acrclins,  the  author,  returned  to 
Sweden  after  about  seven  years'  residence  in  America,  and,  after  more  than  thirty 
additional  years  of  service  in  t!ie  church,  died  in  ISOO,  aged  ei:;hty-six. 

The  "  History  of  New  Sweden"'  was  puldishcd  in  Stuckholm  in  1759,  after  the  au- 
thor's return.  The  existence  of  this  work  and  its  great  value  in  an  historical  point  of 
view  have  long  been  known  to  tliosc  who  are  familiar  with  Swedish  literature.  A 
portion  of  it  was  translated  as  early  as  I7i)'.l,  by  the  Rev.  Nicholas  Collin,  the  last 
Swedish  rector  of  the  churches  on  the  Dehiware,  and  now  forms  a  portion  of  \  olume 
I.  (N.  S.)  of  the  "Collections  "  of  the  New- York  Historical  Society. 

The  whole  work  has  been  translated  and  edited  by  Dr.  Keynolds.  About 
one  half  of  the  volume  is  devoted  to  the  history  of  Swedish  colonization  on  the  Dela- 
ware ;  the  Swedish,  Holland  and  English  administrations;  the  administrations  of 
Pend,  his  associates  and  heirs  ;  to  a  description  of  the  country  (New  Sweden), — its 
towns,  trade,  agriculture,  and  stock-raising;  the  manners  and  customs  of  the  peo- 
ple generally  ;  the  iron  works  in  Pennsylvania  and  the  adjacent  English  colonies; 
and  the  more  remarkable  trees  in  Pennsylvania. 

The  remaining  half  of  the  volume  is  devoted  to  the  state  of  the  Swedish  churches 
from  16^5  to  169B,  including  sketches  of  their  pastors  and  a  minute  history  of  the 
events  connected  with  these  churches  through  all  their  vicissitudes.  The  author  gives 
a  list  of  Swedish  books,  sent  from  Sweden  to  America,  and  an  account  of  his  visit 
in  1753  to  the  "  community  "  of  Dunkers,  a  kind  of  -\nabaptists,  settled  at  a  place 
called  Ephrata  in  the  county  of  Lane-aster,  Penn., — a  .sort  of  Protestant  cloister  ; 
abo  an  account  of  his  visit  to  the  Moravian  "community"  at  Bethlehem.  These 
narratives  are  very  entertaining  and  instructive. 

This  work  of  Acrelius  shows  him  to  have  been  a  thoroughly  good  and  devoted 
pastor,  a  man  of  more  than  ordinary  ability,  a  keen  and  careful  observer.  As  a 
contribution  to  the  early  ecclesiastical  and  civil  history  of  the  country,  it  has  great 
value,  independent  of  its  descriptions  ol  the  habits  and  customs  of  the  people,  and  of 
the  products  of  the  soil  or  of  manufactures.  As  an  authoritative  history  of  Swedish 
colonization,  it  has  a  peculiar  interest  to  us  of  this  day,  who  see  how  immense  has 
been  and  still  is  the  emigration  of  Swedes  to  this  country, — an  emigration  so  large, 
reckoning  also  those  born  of  Swedish  parents  in  America,  as  likely  soon  to  ex- 
ceed the  number  of  Swedes  left  at  home.  Most  excellent  and  desirable  citizens 
they  are  now,  as  were  their  predecessors  in  the  17th  and  18th  centuries, — 
whether  we  consider  them  in  respect  to  industry,  frugality,  honesty,  intelligence,  or 
temperance. 

The  volume  is  beautifully  printed  ;  and  is  illustrated  with  a  portrait  of  Acrelius, 
and  a  map  of"  Nova  Sueci'a,"  or  New  Sweden,  and  of  the  "  Smenska  "  or  Swedes' 
river,  now  the  Delaware,  being  a  fac-simile  of  a  reduced  copy  of  the  original 
of  Peter  Lindstrdm,  the  royal  Swedish  engineer.  The  volume  constitutes  the 
Xl.th  of  the  Memoirs  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  and  it  may  be 
well  claimed  that  it  is  not  inferior  in  interest  or  value  to  any  of  their  previous 
publications. 

Journals  of  General  Corivenfiojis  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the 
United  States,  1 73.5-1 835.  Published  bv  authority  of  General  Conven- 
tion. Edited  by  William  Stevens  Perry,  D.D.  Vol.  I.  1785-1821. 
Cliiremout,  N.  H.  The  Claremont  Mannfactnrinjr  Company.  1874. 
[Svo.  pp.  &'ob.']  Vol.  II.  1823-1S35.  [pp.  73G.]  Vol.  III.  [pp.  viii.-f- 
528.] 

The  first  general  convention  of  the  Protestant  Church  was  held  in  Philadelphia, 
September  27  to  October  7,  1785.  As  early  as  the  year  IS  It  great  difficulty  was 
found  in  obtaining  sets  of  the. journals  of  the  general  conventions,  and  in  the  year 
1817  a  reprint  of  these  journals  in  one  volume  was  published  by  Bioren  of  Phila- 
delphia.   A  few  yearn  later,  but  one  entire  collection  of  the  originals  from  which 


1875.]  Booh-Notices.  211 

thi?;  reprint  was  made  could  be  found.  So  rapidly  had  these  documents  disappeared, 
that  in  1S53  it  was  stated  that  i)robably  "  less  tlian  ten  entire  fiet>  of  the  journale  of 
the  general  c  .inv.  ntions  were  iu  the  po^^ession  of  diocesefi  or  individuals  in  the  land." 
In  the  meanwhile,  ropoatod  ellorts  were  made  tu  accomplish  tlse  reprinting  of  the 
journals,  and  thes^  fmally  were  *j  far  suoeersful  that  in  IbOl  tlic  lirst  volume  of  the 
proposed  scries  appeared,  under  the  joint  cditornliip  of  tlie  lute  Iter.  Dr.  Franci-<_  L. 
Hawks  then  iillin;;  the  office  of  historiographer  of  the  church,  and  the  Jtcv.  W'llliani 
Stevens  Perry  th3  edit' I- of  the  present  edition.  Owing  however  to  the  failure  of 
thP!  ])ublishi T,  and  other  causes  cluclly  growing  out  of  the  civil  war,  the  further 
publication  of  that  edition  was  abandoned. 

After  the  failure  of  cir)rts  extending  back  for  nearly  forty  years  the  work  is  now 
aca.mplished,  through  tlie  zealous  cooperation  of  the  present  editor  and  the  enter- 
prUirig  publishers  oi'  this  edition.  From  what  we  know  of  the  habitual  thorough- 
ness a  nd  serupLilous  accuracy  of  Dr.  Perry,  the  present  historiographer  uf  the  ehurch , 
in  such  matlei-s,  we  are  fully  prepared  to  believe  that  this  edition  is  a  faithful 
transcript  of  the  original  journals  from  1785  to  1835,  a  period,  strictly  speaking, 
covered  !)y  the  tirst  two  volumes. 

The  third  volume  contains  a  complete  index  of  the  three  volumes,  and  a  "  collection 
of  important  documents  illustmting  the  formation  period  "  of  the  history  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Cluirch,  edited  and  supplemented  with  notes  by  Dr.  Perry. 
S(0  that,  in  fact,  in  this  the  third  volume  we  have  a  complete  history  of  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  church,  and,  taken  in  connection  with  volumes  1  and  2,  a  history  of  its 
legislation  f>r  half  a  century. 

Among  the  interesting  matters  contained  in  the  third  of  these  volumes  we  have 
room  to  lucntiou  a  few  only.  Here  will  be  found  a  complete  history  of  the  eQbrts 
made  to  secure  American  bi«liops  :  of  the  famous  "  Proposed  Book,"  sometimes  but 
tiToiiejusly  styled  the  '*  tJishop-\Vhite  Prayer-Dook;  "  of  the  framing  of  the  ac- 
cepted llof'k  of  Common  Prayer  and  the  Articles  of  Picligion  ;  the  textof  "  Bishop 
Seabury's  Communion  Office;  "  "  The  C;u<e  of  the  Episcojial  Churches  in  theUnited 
States  considered,"  by  Bishop  White;  and  some  curious  letters,  among  which  are 
Kcveral  of  Granville  Sharp  and  of  Dr.  Franklin,  and  an  account  of  the  "  Prayer 
Book  "  gotten  up  by  the  Doctor  and  his  friend  the  Baron  le  Di.'^penser. 

We  need  not  enlarge  upon  the  value  of  such  a  work  as  this,  not  only  to  the  mem- 
bers of  this  Church,  but  also  to  historical  students  and  writers,  and  to  the  collectors 
of  rare  books.  a.  h.  h. 

Papers  relating  to  the  History  of  the  CJiurch  in  Massachisetf.s,  A.  D.  1G76- 

178.5.     Edited  by 'iIVilliam" Stevens  PEnr.y,  D.D.     Privately  Printed. 

1873.     [4to.  large  paper,  uncut,  pp.  720.] 

For  some  years,  Dr.  Perry,  the  historiographer  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church, 
has  been  engaged,  under  the  sanction  of  the  ecclesiastical  authorities,  in  collecting, 
eJiting  and  publishing  what  may  be  called,  not  improperly,  the  Documentary  His- 
tory of  the  Church.  ^Xhe  first  volume,  published  in  1670,  relates  to  Virginia  ;  the 
tecond,  in  1871,  to  Pennsylvania  ;  the  third  of  the  series  is  the  volume  now  under 
notice,  which  is  to  be  followed  by  others,  relating  to  the  history  of  the  Pro- 
testant Episcopal  Church  in  the  remainder  of  the  "  ola  thirteen  colonies." 

This  is  a  private  enterprise,  involving  vast  labor,  and  a  heavy  expenditure  of  time 
ird  money.  These  volumes  are  published  by  subscription,  and  under  conditions 
e.W(  lingly  liberal  and  favorable  to  those  who  subscribe  for  the  entire  series. 

To  hi.--torical  students  it  is  needless  to  say  that  such  a  series  as  this  is  will  he  of 
p-ftit  ]ir;u:tit-al  vulue,  and  that  no  public  or  private  library  aiming  at  completeness 
or  working  eiliclency  can  afford  to  do  without  it.  In  fact,  the  hi.-toiy  of  these  States 
could  not  l>e  understood,  much  less  written,  without  a  careful  study  of  the  material 
contiine-i  and  to  be  contained  in  these  volumes.  Not  a  few  of  tlie  papers  in  the 
Volume  before  us  liave  been  printed  before,  but  in  detaciied  forms,  and  not  always 
with  that  MTupulous  care  as  to  the  accuracy  of  the  text  which  is  absolutely  necessary 
fur  historical  uses;. 

Tlic  largest  portion  of  this  volume,  like  its  predecessors,  is  made  up  of  papers 

Printed  fr'm_  copies  of  the  originals  in  the  archives  of  the  Sees  of  Canterbury  and 
'ork,  and  of  the  Venerable  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Go.-pcl  in  Furei'^n 
Parts.  In  the  Appendix,  the  editor  gives  papers  copied  from  the  originals  in  the 
B<.idleian  library,  Oxford. 

In  all  cases,  the  matter  was  printed  from  faithful  transcripts  of  the  originals,  and 
this  volume  embraces  everything  of  importance  in  the  depositories  above  named. 


212  Booh-N'otices.  [April, 

These  facts  make  this  ^vork  one  of  authority,  and  will  thus  supersede  the  necessity 
of  consulting  the  origiiKvls. 

It  is  to  ^e  hoped  that  Dr.  Perry  may  he  encouraged  by  liberal  subscriptions  to  go 
on  witli  tliis  work,  M-hich,  eo  tar,  rotlocts  the  highest  credit  upon  hi.s  editorial 
labors. 


A.  H.  U. 


History  of  Windham  County,  Connecticut.     By  Ellen  D.  Lakm-.d 

Vol.  I.    IGOU-nOO.    Puhli.hedbytheAutlior,  1871.    Worcester,  Mass. : 
Printed  by  Charles  Ilauiiltuu.     187-i.     [Svo.  pp.  xi.-f  o83.] 

Though  Windham  county  was  not  incorporated  till  May,  17>'G,  it  was  settled  in 
the  previous  _  century,  having  loruied  portions  ot  llartlurd  and  New-London 
counties.  It  is  rich  in  historical  as^^ociations  and  well  deserves  the  minute  and  care- 
fully prepared  hi-tory  which  Mi^s  Larned  has  here  given  us. 

After  a  prLliminary  chaj-ter,  devoted  to  the  alwriginal  history  of  the  territory,  the 
volume  is  divided  into  tour  l)ook.-:;,  the  first  giving  the  history  of  the  several  settle- 
ments previous  to  the  erection  of  the  county  in  i72tj  ;  the  Becond  eontinuin^-  their 
annals  to  tlu'  year  1716  ;  the  tliird,  I7ia  to-HGO,  i;ivin;;an  account  of  the  "  .vpai'^tc 
Movement''  produced  by  the  great  religious  exciteVuent  of  that  day,  in  which 
'  separatioas  trom  the  mother  cimrclics  were  etl'.'utpd  and  new  churches  formed, 
claiming  greatly  increased  purity  and  soirituality,"  in  every  town  iu  the  county 
and  the  fourth,  to  the  general  atlliirs  of  the  county  from  1715  to  1760,  including  the 
troubles  and  revolt  m  W'oo.istock  wiiieh  resulted  in  transferring  that  town  from  the 
jurisdiction _ol  Massachusetts  to  that  of  Connecticut. 

At  the  time  of  its  incorporation  the  coujity  contained  eleven  towns,  namely, 
Windhrtm  T,?bnPon,  riiintlrM,  Canterburv,  '^lansileld,  Coventry,  Pomfie:,  Kil- 
lingly,  Ashlord,  \  oluntown  and  -M(jrtlake.  Ju  1756  it  contained  twelve  towns  and 
20,01 1  inhahit;inti  ;  in  1771.  the  same  number  of  towns  and  -28, 12S  inhabitants  ;  and 
at  the  last  L  meed  States  census  in  15^70,  sixteen  towns  with  a  population  of  33 ..518. 
lietween  the  last  two  dates,  the  county  was  shorn  of  a  considerable  portion  of  its 
territory. 

A  map  of  ancient  Windham,  containing  all  the  territory  ever  portaininf  to 
\\  indham  county,  witii  the  original  boumls  and  land  grants  so  far  as  they  could  be 
identified,  is  here  given  ;  also,  a  fac-simile  of  an  original  plot  of  Mashamo-iuet,  by 
John  Chandler,  Jr.,  May  13,  1710,  preserved  among  the  town  records  of  Pomfret. 

The  author  is  to  be  congratulated  upon  the  manner  in  wtiich  she  has  execute!  her 
task  ;  upon  the  fulness  and  thorouglmess  of  the  information  concerning  this  ancient 
county  which  she  has  been  enabled  to  obtain  ;  and  upon  the  clear  and  lucid  aiTun  re- 
ment  of  her  materials.  ° 

_  The  second  volume,  which  will  bring  the  history  of  the  county  down  to  the  present 
time,  IS  in  preparation,  and  will  probably  be  issued  within  two  years.         j.  w.  d. 

Tin   Story  of  the  '■'■  Domns  Dei"  of  Portsmonth,   commonly  called  the  Royal 

Harrison   Church,     By  II.  P.  Wnicaix,  3I.xi.,  Chaplmn  to  the  Forcis, 

and  Chaplain  to  II.R.II.  the  Duko  of  Cambridice.  K.G.      Nihil  scriptum 

.     miraculi  causa.— Tacitus.     London:  James  Parker  &  Co.,  377  Strand. 

1873.     [r2mo.  pp.  211,  and  xii.] 

Portsmouth,  it  is  well  known,  is  one  of  the  oldest  of  the  garrison  towns  of  En^-land 
and  has  had  a  history  both  eventful  and  interesting.  The  Royal  Garrison  Chifrch  of 
Portsmouth  is  all  that  is  letc  of  the  ancient  Hospital,  Maison  Dieu  or  Domus 
Dei,  which  once  occupiwl  a  j.art  of  the  now  Governor's  Green  and  the  oround  lyin"- 
between  the  south  t-ide  of  tiie  church  and  the  ramparts.  This  Domus  D^i  was 
toundeu  by  Peter  dellupibus,  bishop  of  Winchester,  about  the  year  1212,  and  for 
many  generations  was  used  for  it-s  ori^dnal  purposes,— the  reception  and  succor  of 
religious  pilgrims  and  strangers.  In  the  course  of  centuries,  it  fell  into  deeay  and 
sutiered  more  or  less  from  neglect  and  civil  commotions,  and  only  partial  attempts, 
at  long  intervals,  were  made  to  restore  its  former  state  and  use. 

Kecently,  the  work  of  restoration  was  seriously  and  energetically  bcun,  with  the 
sanction  of  the  govemment,  and  with  the  aid  of  oiK^ers  of  the  army  and  navv,  and 
\  ^^/■hers,  under  the  direction  of  an  executive  committee,  of  which  the  Wnerable 
Archdeacon  \7right,  the  author  of  this  volume,  was  an  active  and  efSeient  member, 
ibis  undertaking  has  gone  on  steadily,  though  slowly,  for  a  number  of  years,  and  is 
now  nearly,  if  not  quite,  completed.     The  result  must  be  highly  gratifyin"-  to  the 


1875.]  Boolc-jSFotices.  213 

inhabitants  of  Portsmouth,  to  the  ofTioers  of  the  f!;arrison,  and  to  all  who  have  aided 
by  labor,  counsel,  or  I'ccuniary  oontributions. 

Archiiuacun  Wrii^lit  has  now  prepared  and  nublinlied  a  very  interesting  history  of 
thia  ecelesiastic-al  relic,  givin^u;  all  the  I'actti  and  tmditiuiis  extant  that  he  could  glean 
from  ancient  records,  public  and  private,  from  books,  and  from  all  other  sources 
accessible.  The  text  ia  also  copiously  illustrated  with  eni^'ravinge  on  wood,  photo- 
graphs, maps,  ])lans,  >i.e. 

Tho  work  of  n  Turn  sliing  the  interior,  and  the  erection  of  memorial-window?, 
tablets,  and  other  mem'->rialH  in  honor  ehielly  of  the  distinijuishcd  dead  of  tlie  army 
and  navy,  has  l)een  carried  forward  with  great  success,  so  that  in  this  respect  thii 
restored  edilice  bids  fair  tu  be  a  lesser  Westminster  Abbey. 

Sometime  during  the  year  1874,  through  the  courtesy  of  Archdeacon  Wright,  an 
invitation  was  extended  to  the  ijtatc  ot  New-Hampshire  to  erect  in  this  ancient 
church  a  memorial  to  Captain  John  Mason,  the  patentee  and  founder  of  the  province 
of  is'ew-llampsliire.  A  lew  gentlemen,  most,  if  not  all,  ot  wliom  are  natives  of  that 
State,  availed  themselves  of  Ihis  invitation,  and  have  contributed  the  sum  of  one 
hundred  and  ten  pounds  sterling,  the  amount  necessary  to  accomplish  the  result 
aimed  at.  •*•  h.  u. 

The  Siege  of  Savannah,  in  1779,  as  described  in  tiro  Contemporaneous  Jour- 
nals of  French  Officers  in  the  Fleet  of  Count  U Estainrj.  Albany,  N.  Y.: 
Joel  MiiDseli,  Si'State  Street.  1874.  [Royal  4to.,  uncut,  pp.  77.] 
Our  knowledge  of  the  history  of  the  Siege  of  Savannah  in  17T9,  by  the  fleet  under 
Count  D'Estaing,  and  the  land  forces  under  General  Lincoln,  has  been  chietiy  de- 
rived from  Eugiiou  and  American  suurces.  The  vulume  before  us  supplies  the  most 
satisfactory  French  account  of  that  transaction  that  has  cume  to  light.  This  intur- 
mation  comes  froiu  two  sources  :  first,  from  a  copy  of  a  manuscript  journal  of 
a  French  oiSccr,  or  of  some  person  connected  with  the  besieging  fleet,  who  undoubt- 
edly was  present  during  the  siege,  and  personally  cognizant  of  the  events  he  de- 
scribes. This  is  sufficiently  indicated  by  the  minuteness  ot  the  details  and  the  accuracy 
of  the  description  of  certain  persons,  places  and  incidents, — a  minuteness  and  accu- 
racy which,  in  some  essential  respects,  are  not  to  be  found  in  any  of  the  Eui^lish  or 
x\merican  narratives.  Supplementary  to  this  account,  we  have  here  also  the  journal 
of  a  French  ofEcer  who  participated  in  the  siege,  which  was  printed  in  Paris  in  l7s:J. 
This,  too,  contains  interesting  and  new-  matter.  Both  the  manuscript  and  the 
printed  journal  were  procured  in  Paris,  at  the  Luzarche  sale  in  ISG'J',  and  are  the 
property  of  ^Ir.  J.  Carson  Erevoort,  of  Brooklyn,  X.  Y.  The  translations  were  mad& 
oy  Mr.  Charles  C.  Jones,  Jr..  of  New-York,  who  has  added  valuable  and  interesting 
notes  upon  the  text.  He  has  also  enriched  this  publication  by  a  photo-lithographio 
copy  ot  an  original  map,  purchased  at  the  late  sale  of  Lord  FCawdon's  papers,  and 
selected  from  his  military  portfolio,  showing  the  plan  of  the  siege.  It  is  apparently 
the  work  of  a  German  or  Swiss  engineer,  and  was  undo  ibtedly  used  by  British  or 
ilessian  offieers  during  the  siege.  a.  h.  n. 

The  Isles  of  Shoals.  An  Historical  Sketch.  By  JoHX  Scribner  Jexxess. 
New-Y'ork  :  Published  by  Hurd  &  Houghton.  Cambridge  :  The  Eiver- 
eide  Press.     1S73.     [lirno.  pp.  182.] 

The  Isles  of  Shoals,  whose  location  and  the  poetic  and  romantic  side  of  whose 
histor,-  must  be  known  to  all  who  are  tolerably  familiar  with  New-England  guide 
bojks  and  New-England  poetry  of  the  day,  have  been  growing  in  the  public  estima- 
tion for  twenty  or  tliirty  years  last  past  as  a  watering-place.  Now  they  fairly  rival 
the  oldest  and  hitherto  most  famous  in  America  ;  and  it  is  believed  that  as  soon  as 
the  charm  ol  their  climate  in  summer  comes  to  be  generally  known,  they  will 
scarcely  atiord  ro<jm  fur  the  travellers, — pleasure-  or  health-seeking, — who  shall  fre- 
quent them. 

Beside;^  otfering  abundant  material  for  the  poet's  fancy  and  the  painter's  skill, 
these  Lies  have  a  history,  which  dates  as  far  back  as  that  of  any  part  of  the 
Atlantic  coast,  and  it  is  the  purpose  of  this  book  to  give  that  history. 

The  author  of  this  attractive  and  handsomely  illustrated  little  volume  does  not 
own  or  keep  a  hotel,  and  must  be  excused  from  any  charge  of  having  prepared  this 
book  for  an  advertisement.  His  motive  was  a  more  laudaole  one  than  that.  He  is  a 
native  of  Portsmouth,  and,  knowing  from  boyhood  how  many  attractions  these  Isles 

VOL.    XXIX.  19 


214  Booh-jSFotices.  [April, 

have,  botl\  fur  the  traveller  and  tlie  invalid,  has  60U!,'ht,  in  an  informal  ^ay,  to  arid 
to  their  iutevost.  and  ui'^o  tu  add  a  chapter  to  our  written  history.    It  will  undoubtedly 

frow  upon  his  hands,  aud  come  to  bo  accepted  as  a  iwrmancnt  chapter  in  the  local 
istory  of  New-England.  a.  h.  n. 

Oration  cMn'ered  hcfore  the  Oi(>/  Government  and  Citizens  of  Boston  in 
Music  Jlall,  Ji'.l/ 4.,  iy7  t.  By  Ricir.vRU  Frothingham.  Boston: 
Kock^s-ull  .^  Churchill,  City  Printers,  122  TVashington  Street.  1874. 
[8vo.  pp.  55.     Pamphlet.] 

Inadvertently,  -we  have  hitherto  ncfjlected  to  notice  this  oration,  v,hich  is  the  more 
interestinif  because  it  was  pronounoeu  in  the  centennary  of  the  true  birth  of  that 
joint  political  action  on  tlie  part  of  the  colonies  whioii  resulted  afterward  in  the  de- 
claration of  independence,  in  the  confederacv,  in  successful  resistance  to  the  armed  in- 
tervention of  the  F.iitiyh  ministry,  and,  {hially,  in  the  actual  and  ackuowIe<lged 
independence  of  the  colonies.  The  oration  is  specially  valuable  in  that,  for  the  tirst 
time,  as  we  belie'^c,  the  true  =ignificance  aud  influence  of  this  political  action 
of  the  continental  congress  of  177-1  are  pointed  out  and  suitably  discussed.  This 
is  done  in  an  historicafaa  well  as  philusophical  manner. 

The  treatment  of  such  a  theme  aiforded  the  orator  fitting  opportunity  for  re- 
calling the  attention  of  the  people  to  the  principles  upon  which  our  federal  and  con- 
stitutional governnient  was  fuunded,  and  the  imperative  necessity  at  the  present 
time,  esiiecialiy,  of  understanding  and  sedulously  protecting  these  principles  from, 
either  decay  or  encroachment. 

If  the  whole  American  people  could  be  brought  to  a  knowledge  and  hearty  ac- 
ceptance of  these  truths  in  action  as  well  as  in  theoiy,  it  would  be  well  for  them 
and  their  posterity.  a.  h.  h. 

The  Colonial  IHecords  of  Virginia.  Richmond,  Va. :  E.  F.  Walker,  Su- 
perintendent Public  Printing.    1874.    [Quarto,  pp.  106.    Paper  Covers.] 

This  volume  is  the  one  referred  to  in  the  Register  for  July,  1874,  page  362,  as  then 
in  press.     Its  contents  briefly  stated  by  titles  are  as  follows  : 

1.  The  proceedings  of  the  first  as.seuibly  of  Virginia,  held  July  30,  1619.  2. 
Lists  of  the  living  and  the  dead  in  Virginia,  February  16,  1623.  3.  A  brief  declara- 
tion of  the  plantation  of  Virginia,  during  the  tirst  twelve  years,  when  Sir  Thomas 
Smith  v.as  governor  of  the  company.  4.  A  li?t  of  the  number  of  men,  women  and 
children,  intiabitants  in  the  several  counties  within  the  colony  of  Virginia,  in  1634. 
5.  A  letter  from  Charles  II.  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  a  present  of  Virginia 
silk,  1668.     6.  A  list  of  the  parishes  in  Virginia,  1630.     7.  Addenda  (notes). 

The  documents  in  this  volume  are  printed  from  copies  obtained  from  the  public 
record-office  of  Great  Britain,  and,  with  une  exception,  none  of  them  have  ever  be- 
fore been  printe<J,  and  with  the  same  exception  no  copies  of  them  had  ever  been  in 
thi  country  since  the  originals  were  first  sent  to  England  at  or  about  the  time  indi- 
cated by  their  dates. 

This  volume,  which  is  the  first  instalment  of  a  series  of  similar  documents,  to  be 
published  by  the  state  of  Virginia,  was  brought  out  under  the  superintendence  of 
the  late  Col.  Thomas  II.  Wynne,  and  of  W.  S.  Oilman,  Esq.,  chairmen  respectively 
of  the  set.ate  and  house  committees  on  the  library. 

As  materials  for  a  history  of  Virginia,  these  documents  are  of  great  value,  and 
whoever  has  occasion  to  examine  tiiem  will  congratulate  himself  that  they  have 
been  made  accessible  to  the  public  in  a  printed  form.  a.  h.  h. 

Crenealojical  Memoir  of  (he  Newcomh  Family,  containing  Records  of  nearly 
every  ■person  of  the  jS'ame  in  America  from  1G35  to  1874.  A/so  the  First 
Generation  of  Children  descended  from  Females  who  have  lost  the  Xame  of 
Newcomh  by  Marriage.  With  Notices  of  the  Family  in  England  during 
the  past  Seven  Hundred  Years.  By  Joiix  Bearse  Newcomb,  of  Elgin, 
Elinois.  Eleven  Portraits  on  Steel.  Elgin,  Illinois  :  Printed  for  the 
Author  by  Knight  &  Leonard,  Chicago.  1874.  [8vo.  pp.  600.] 
The  author  has  been  engaged  nearly  fourteen  ye^irs  in  preparing  the  present  work. 

It  "  was  begun,"  he  says,  "  and  has  been  carried  forward  as  a  '  bbor  of  love.'    An 


1875.] 


Booh-Kotice$.  215 


inc'redi))Ie  araoimt  of  time  has  been  bestowed  upon  it,  the  last  four  years  having  been 
almustwhuUy  devotrd  to  it.  Several  thonsand  letters  have  been  \\ritten,— as  high, 
in  one  instance,  as  six  hundred  in  a  pinL'-le  month, — and  raanv  more  circulars  have 
been  sent  out  S(jh'eitin.^'  ra(,-tri  respeetini^  ilie  Camily.  IV-nioiis  oi  the  largest  experience 
have  been  employed  in  cearchiui,'  old  as  well  as  modern  records." 
^  I'his  volume  contains  the  .suhstance  of  tliousands  of  letters,  varying  in  ltn:;th 
"  from  a  f^hijIp  pi'u'e,  note  laze,  to  over  sixty  pai^os  of  fool.-^cap.  closely  written  and 
mucl<  abhreviaKd,''  which  have  been  received^ by  Mr.  Newcomb,  and  which,  if 
printed,  would  Jill  several  volumes  of  tlie  size  of  the  present  one. 
_  The  arrangement  of  thi-^  e;r-neaIoi;y  varits  but  little  from  that  in  use  at  the  present 
time  in  the  Register,  and  tlie  ancestors  and  descendants  of  the  various  individuals 
are  easily  traced  by  it.  There  are  three  indexes  given:  the  first,  of  s:»Miers  who 
have  served  in  tlie  various  wars  in  this  country  ;  the  second,  of  the  christian  names 
of  persons  by  the  name  of  Newcomb ;  and  the  third,  of  the  surnames  of  other  imli- 
viduals. 

The  work  is  appropriately  dedicated  to  the  memory  of  the  author's  only  child,  Miss 
Foneta  A.  Newcomb,  who  died  last  spring,  at  the  age  of  twenty-two,  and  to  wliosc 
cultivated  taste  the  author  acknowledges  hi.s  indebtedness.  "A  paragrapfi  from 
President  Wilder's  annual  address  before  this  society  in  1871,  forms  an  appropriate 
motto  for  the  book. 

It  seems  to  be  compiled  in  a  careful  and  praiseworthy  manner,  and  the  printin<r, 
paper,  illustratioris  and  binding  of  the  volume  are  worthy  of  the  contents.  Besides 
the  eleven  steel  portraits,  mentioned  in  the  title  pa^re,  numberless  fac-similes  of 
autographs  are  furnished.  "^  j.  w.  d. 

Transactions  of  the  Foyal  lUstorical  Society.  Edited  by  the  Rev.  Charlks 
RoGEas,  I.L.D.  \'ol.  III.  London.  Printed  for  the  Society.  1874. 
[8vo.  pp.  4GG.] 

ThB  third  instalment  comes  freighted,  as  usual,  with  valuable  historical  papers, 
besides  the  names  of  the  members  of  the  Society,  now  numbering  38.3,  the  volume 
contains  eleven  historical  essays,  which  cannot  tail  to  be  helpful  and  suggestive  to 
the  student  who  may  wi-h  to  investigate  any  of  the  subjects  to  which  they  relate. 
^^6.  have  not  space  to  refer  to  each  of  the  different  subjects  as  they  well  deserve. 
>\  e  give  the  subjects  as  follows : 

J,-  I^oraestic  Everj'-day  Life  in  the  Ancient  World.    By  George  Harris,  Esq., 

2.  Old-found  Lands  in  North  America.     Bv  Thomas  ]Mor-^n.  Esq.,  F.R.H.S. 
3    The  Rise  of  the  English  Legal  Profession.     Bv  J.  W.  Hill,  Esq.,  of  Trinity 
tolle^re,  Cambridge,  and  of  the  Middle  Temple,  Barfister-at-Law,  F.R.H.S. 

4.  Three  Poets  of  the  Scottish  Reformation:  Alexander  Cunningham,  Fifth  Earl 
of  (  lencairn;  Henry  Balnaves,  of  Halhill ;  and  John  Davidson,  Minister  at  Pres- 
tunpans.  By  the  Rev.  Charles  Rogers,  LL.D.,  F.R.H.S.,  F.S.A.  Scot.,  and  Cor. 
^^^t-""^- of  the  Hist.  Soc.  of  New-England. 

5.  The  great  Mace  and  other  Corporation  Insignia  of  the  Borough  of  Leicester  : 
with  an  Apj)endis  on  Corporate  Emblems  and  Insignia  in  England  and  Wales.  By 
W  :liia-u  Kelly,  Esq.,  F.R.H.S. 

G.  A!  ventures  of  a  Bohemian  Nobleman  in  Palestine  and  Egypt  in  the  Days  of 
Queen  Elizabeth.    By  the  Rev.  A.  H.  Wratislaw,  F.R.H.S. 

'•  ^^l^  1"  the  History  of  British  Life  Assurance.    By  George  Tomkins,  Esq., 

8.  On  the  Possibility  of  a  Strictly  Scientific  Treatment  of  Universal  History.  By 
Oufitavus  Georoj  Zerfii,  Esq.,  Ph.  D.,  F.R.H.S. 

9.  Malta  and  its  Knights.     Bv  the  Rev.  Samuel  Cowdv.  LL.D.,  F.R.H.S. 

10.  The  Art  Revival  in  Italy.  'By  George  Browning,  Esq.,  F.R.H.S.,  Hon.  Sec. 
for  the  Encouragement  of  the  Fine  Arts. 

11.  fcoti:e  account  ofSir  Audley  Mervvn,  His  Majesty's  Prime  Sergeant  and  Speaker 
in  the  House  of  Commons  in  Ireland,  from  1661  till  1666.  By  John  P.  Prenderirast, 
Est^.,  Barns ter-at-Law,  and  Hon.  F.R.H.S. 

The  article,  which  wiil  especially  interest  readers  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic,  i.s 
that  entitled  '•  Old-Found  Lands  in  North  America,"  by  Thomas  Morgan,  Esq.    It . 
relates  to  the  Icelandic  voyages  to  this  country  in  the  eleventh  century.    A  careful 
reading  of  this  paper  will  furnish  a  veiy  good  general  idea  of  this  interesting  opening 


216  Booh-Notices.  [April, 

of  American  history.  Tlie  attention  of  antliiuarlt^  hafl  of  late  hcfin  directed  to 
this  suhjeet,  and  scvmil  cntortainiiv^  voliinu.H  liavi;  hwu  written.  Tlie  field  is  how- 
ever a  \\ide  one,  and  future  iuvesti_:^ation3  will  prul)ai)ly  throw  upon  it  much  ad<ii- 
tional  Hi^ht. 

VVhile'this  paper  by  Mr.  Mur-an  Li  w..ll  wrltlcn  and  ^'cncrally  supported  by  trust- 
^vo^tIly  authorities,  we  are  areatly  suv]>risfd  to  find  that  I'inkorton'e  V(jyai:es  and 
Travels  aiv;  referred  to  as  autiiority  both  in  the  text  and  fi)Ot-nute<?.  The  eccentric 
John  rii;kert.>o  had  a  mania  for  printin.;;  books,  and  had  the  gratitioation  of  fot-in^ 
seventeen  huixe  quartos  ubhered  into  the  world  hcavitifr  his  name  and  the  title  of 
"  Voyag(S  and  Travels."  How  much  he  really  knew  of  th.fcir  contents  eanca'^ily  be 
imagined.  The  paf-sages  which  Mr.  Moriran  quot'  s  in  his  fnot-noteb  contain  several 
palpable  errors,  as  wc  mifrht  expect.  Uut  Pinkertun  is  not  reeponsilile  for  tliem. 
He  took  the  article  from"  Harris's  Voyages,  by  whom  it  was  prol)abIy  conii)iled. 
Harris  published  his  coUectiun  as  a  popular  advt'nture,  and,  like  the  eudless  volumes 
of  Peter  Parley,  they  had  their  day  and  tiieir  use.  They  were  never  intended  to 
aid  or  advance  the  critical  study  of  history,  and  we  must  believe  they  were  referred 
to  by  Mr.   Moriran  under  a  raisajiprehension  of  their  historical  value. 

The  volume  befire  us  is  unilorm  in  form  and  type  with  the  preceding  publica- 
tions of  the  Rojal  Historical  Society,  is  carefully  edited,  and  has  an  iudes  to  names, 
an  indispensable  characteristic  of  a  good  historical  work.  e.  f.  s. 

Ikist  Jcrs'^y  vmkr  the  Fropricfari/  Governments:  a  Narrative  of  Events 
connected  icith  the  Settlement  and  Progress  of  the  Province,  until  the  Sur- 
render of  the  Government  to  the  Crown  in  1703.  Drarva  principaUij  frora 
origivai  sources.  By  "SVilli.im  A.  Whitkiiead.  "With  an  Appendix, 
containing  "■  the  iSIodel  of  tlie  Govt-rninent  of  East  New-Jersey,  in 
America, "by  George  Scott,  of  Pitlochie."  Reprinted  from  the  oriirinai 
edition  of  lC8o.  Second  Edition,  Revised  and  Enlarged.  Newark,  N.  J.: 
Martin- R.  Dennis.     1875.     [Svo.  pp.  x.-f— i86.] 

The  first  edition  of  this  work  published  in  1B46,  and  constituting  Volume  T.  of  the 
Collections  of  the  New- Jersey  Historical  Society,  has  for  some  years  been  out  of 
print.  Its  merits  as  a  chnpter  in  the  history  of  New-Jersey, — covering  the  mosc 
important  if  not  the  most  interesting  period  of  that  history, — have  been  known  to 
all  our  historical  students  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century,  by  w^horn  it  has  been 
univerially  recognized  as  an  authority  of  the  hiirhest  class.  Upon  its  first  appear- 
ance it  at  once  superseded  the  ireneral  histories  of  Smith  (.1765)  and  Gordon  (1S34), 
and  other  works  referring  to  New-Jersey. 

In  his  preface  to  the  present  edition,  the  author  expresses  his  gratification  "  that 
nothinc  has  been  developed  since  the  publication  of  the  first  edition,  through  the 
researches  of  himself  or  others,  controvertiuir  any  stat  »u)euL  of  importance  either  of 
facts  or  of  views  which  it  contained."  Much  light,  '.owever,  he  further  remarks, 
"  has  been  thrown  upon  some  portions  of  the  history  ;  and  all  have  received  some 
further  elucidation  from  sources  then  unknown  or  inaccessible,  and  from  having  now 
in  print  what  was  then  only  in  manuscript."  In  this  he  refers  specially  to  the 
analytical  index  to  the  colonial  documents  of  the  state  in  the  English  archives, 
published  by  the  New-Jevsey  Ili-toricai  Society, — co[)ies  of  most  of  which  documents 
the  Society  has  secured  ;  and  to  the  New- York  colonial  documents. 

The  present  edition  has  been  thoroui^hly  revised  by  its  learned  author,  and 
Tendered  more  complete  by  the  addition  of  much  entirely  new  matter.         a.  h.  h. 

Genealogy  of  the  Wells  Ffmily,  of  Wells,  Maine.  By  Cn.\KLES  K.  "Wells. 
Milwaukee:  Press  of  Burdick  and  Armitage,  100  Michigan  St.  1874. 
[Svo.  pp.  43-}-  (Appendix)  38.] 

The  Well^,  or  Welles  fnmiiy  in  England  is  of  anidcnt  oriHn.  About  1635  several 
families  of  that  name, — some  spelling  the  name  _\\'eils,  others  Welles, — emigrated 
to  Massachusetts.  It  is  probable  t'liat  Thomas  Wells,  of  Ipswich,  was  the  earliest 
emigrant  of  the  name  to  Mass.acliU'^rtts,  where  he  is  found  as  early  as  1635.  The 
name  of  his  wife  was  Abig^iil,  daughter  of  William  Warner.  By  her  he  had  not 
less  than  eisht  children,  'riic  irenoaloan/  of  his  third  sim,  Thomas,  prepared  by  Mr. 
David-  W.  Iloyt,  was  pa'-lislied  ia  the  IIkcister  for  April,  1853  (vol.  jij.  157),  and 
it  19  the  object  of  this  voluoie  to  trace  the  descendants  of  his  second  son,  John' 


1875.] 


Booh-Notices.  217 


espec 
also 


ioeciallv  thron'-h  the  earlier  getierationa.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  eome  one  -will 
nlKnish  fur  pubHcati,.n  thct^enealo.y  of  Nathaniel,  the  first  son,  who  died  m 
ItiSl-acd  whose  wife  was  Lydia  Thiirlloy. 

Ahout  1057,  as  it  is  suppus..J.  John  W  ells,  second  son  of  Thomas  of  Tpswioh,  went 
to  Woljti  Miin.'  anH  tbA"  <ptrled.  Th.^re  mNo  i.hont  l(i'i4  or  \UWo  ho  was  married 
to  Sarah  Littlelicld  of  that  pla.-e.  He  died  April  11,  1GG7.  leaving  four  children ; 
and  thL>e,  contrary  to  the  statement  of. Savau'o,  the  comp'ler  nehcves  to  h;jve  hoea 
all  he  ever  had.  Fruin  these  children,— John,  'I  hoinas,  Patience  and  harali,— have 
descended  a  large  family,  not  a  few  of  whom  have  beeil  or  are  disunguishcd  id  the 
various  prufese^ions  and  callings.  ,      ,.        -i.-      ^    i.  i       .a-.,™ 

The  work  teems  to  have  been  compiled  with  care  and  a  disp.jsition  to  take  nothing 
for  'rranted  without  evidence  ;  and  when  doubt  exists,  it  is  stated,  i  he  compiler  by 
his  researches  is  able  to  correct  many  of  the  errors  of  Mr.  bayage  and  such  ati  oc- 
cnrve.i  in  the  account  of  Thomas  Wclla  in  the  article  entitled  '•  Physicians  ol  Ips- 
wich," contained  in  pa^e.s  11  and  12  of  tiie  4th  volume  of  the  Register. 

The  volume  also  contains  a  reprint  of  xMr.  D.  U  .  iloyt  8  skeccb  .,1  the  tainily  of 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Wells,  first  minister  of  Amesliury  (the  younger  brother  ot  John 
of  Wells  Me.).  In  the  Appendix  the  comiulcr  gives  the  wills  ot  ihomas  \\  eUs, 
oflpswich,  executed  in  UitiB,  his  widow  Abigail,  dated  in  1671,  ot  barah,  wulow 
of  John  Vrells  ot  Wells,  .Me.,  and  afterward  widow  ot  W  dliam  buyer,  dated  in  liJ4 
of  John  Wells  dated  in  174S,  Thomas  dated  in  1737.  John  dated  in  17/U,  Nathaniel 
dated  in  177G.  Robert  dated  in  1^0-2,  and  of  Daniel  (lated  lf-61 

The  compiler  of  this  valuable  genealogy.  Charles  KuubalP  Wells  (i.  t.  1H4-),  to 
whom  we  are  indebted  for  a  copy,  is  a  descendant  ot  Ihoraas^  Wells  ot  Ipswich, 
throu'^h  Daniel,«  Robert,*  Nathaniel,*  Thomas,'  John,-  all  ot  Ueils,  Maine. 


A.  H.  n. 


A  Colh'ction  of  Fivmhj  Records,  icith  Bior/raphJcal  SJ.-efches  and  other 
Memoranda  of  various  Families  and  Individuals  hearing  the  name  Daw- 
son, or  allied  to  Families  of  that  name.  Compiled  by  Charles  C. 
Dawsox.  "For  a  Memorial."— Ex.  xvii.  U.  Albany,  N.  Y. :  Joel 
Munsell,  82  State  Street,  1874.  [Bvo.  pp.  572,  uncut.] 
A  Record  of  the  Descendants  of  Robert  Dawson,  of  East  Haven,  Conn. 
lucluding'Barnes,  Bates,  Beecher,  Bissell,  Calaway,  Carpenter,  Cary, 
Colman,°Doolittle,  Doud,  Douglass,  Dresser,  Evans,  Fox,  Fuller,  Gran- 
nis,  Johnsou,  Melov,  Morse,  Parsons,  Perkins,  Richmond,  Rogers, 
Sigournev,  Sill,  Smi"th,  Stone,  Tuttle,  Van  Buren,  AValker,  T\erdou, 
"Whittlesey,  Woodruff,  aud  numerous  other  Families,  with  many  Biogra- 
phical and  Genealogical  Notes  concerning  the  same.  Compiled  by 
Charles  C  Dawsox,  .  .  .  Albany,  N.  Y. :  Joel  Munsell,  82  State 
Street.     1874     [8vo.  pp.  115.] 

The  Dawson  family,  as  the  author  of  this  large  and  compact  volume  says,  is  both 
ancient,  numerous  and  widely  scattered,  so  that  "it  may  be  sately  asserted  taat 
there  i-*  no  English  speaking  country  or  colony  where  the  name  is  not  tound  and 
the  com!uerciifl  enternrise ' and  religious  zeal  of  individuals  have  carried  u  hir 
bevord  tiiese  limits,— into  nearly  all  lands,  indeed,  christian  and  heattien.  itie 
nauie  of  Dawson  is  borne  by  an  "important  river  in  East  Australia,  by  a  lake  m 
faiiuda,  by  an  island  in  the  Pacific,  by  a  street  and  place  m  London,  a  street  in  . 
Dublin,"  and  "  by  several  counties  and  post  offices  in  the  United  istates. 

The  tir--t  tiiirtten  paijes  of  the  volume  are  devoted  to  the  origin,  siL'Uihcance  and 
history  of  the  name.  "^Then  follow  the  genealogies  of  some  fifty  lamilie>  of  tne 
name,"  originally  settled  in  New-England,  Nev.--York,  New-Jersey,  Pennsylvania, 
Maryland,  \'ir:iinia,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Ceurgia,  Louisiana,  and 
Canada.  So  far  the  compiler  has  not  been  able  to  trace  the  relationship,  it  any  ex- 
isted, between  the  original  emigrants.  The  descendants  in  the  male  liae  from  each 
of  the  original  emigrants  are  given  with  great  fulness,  and  apparently  with  caretul 
attention  to  accuracy  in  details.  Copious  and  valuable  foot-notes  biographical  and 
genealogical  are  also  furnished,  with  a  supplementary  chapter  of  corrections  and 
additions.  The  wurk  is  richly  illustrated  with  steel-engraved  portraits,  of  which 
there  are  thirteen,  including  that  of  il.  B.  Dawson,  Esq.,  the  e'-litor  and  puolisher  of 
the  "  Historical  Magazine." 
VOL.   X5IX  19* 


218  Book-N^otices.  [April, 

The  second  title  rti/OTC  i^ivcn  16  that  of  a  volume  •which  embraces  a  part  of  the 
main  colloctiun,  aud  ooiitnin.s  the  ran\iiy  to  which  the  compiler,  Mr.  Charles  Cirull 
Dawsou,  belongs,  ^vho  is  ot  the  sixth  gfnenitiou  fruin  Ro'vrt  Da-wion  above  n.inieii. 

The  plan  adopted  in  the  arrani^cmciic  of  these  i;(;nealogied  differs  in  some  respect>J 
from  thot  of  any  i-im:l;;r  worlc  wilh  wirmh  v»u  are  iliuiiliar.  Tt  answers  the  purpoe^e 
well  enough,  and  we  see  no  fipeeitil  objci'tiiin  to  it,  except  that  it  increases  the  ex- 
ii>iiv\ir  variety  of  plans.  The  tendency  of  late  has  been  to  uuifijrmity  of  arran^e- 
niOQt,  and  thia  on  many  accounts  Is  deBirablc.  a.  n.  n. 

Life  and  Correspondence  of  Samuel  Jolmson,  D.D.,  Missionary  of  the 
Churck  of  Enr^ktnd  in  Connecticut,  and  first  President  of  King's  CoUuje, 
Netc-Tork.  Bv  E.  Edavauus  De.^udsley,  ]).!).,  Rector  of  St.  Tho- 
mas's Church,  New-Haven.  Second  Edition.  New- York  :  Published  by 
Hurd  &  Houghton.      London  :  Kivingtons.     1874.   [8vo.  pp.  38U.] 

Dr.  Johnson  {ante,  vol.  xxvii.  pp.  42-17,  207-i!3r)) — the  life-long  friend  of  Bishop 
Berkeley,  and  one  of  the  tutors  of  Yale  ODilei^o,  who  in  17-22,  in  connection  with 
Dr.  Cutler,  then  rector  of  that  institution,  and  with  others,  made  declaration  of 
conformity  to  the  Church  of  England, — was,  in  his  eubeequent  career,  6o  respectable 
a  character,  and  such  a  useful  and  honored  man,  that  it  has  loncc  been  a  matter  of 
purpriec  that  a  suitable  bioj^raphy  of  him  has  never  before  been  prepared  and  piib- 
lidhcd.  It  is  true  th;U  we  had  Dr.  Chandler's  Life  of  Dr.  Johnson,  first  publL-hcd 
in  1805,  or  more  than  thirty  years  after  it  was  written,  but  that  was  left  incomplete 
and  unrevised  by  its  author,  and  was  entirely  inadequate  and  unsatisfactory  as  a 
biography  of  one  who  was  emiacxiC  fur  intellectual  ability  and  culture,  "Varied 
•and  gonnd  scholarehip,  exalted  personal  worth,  and  prominent  in  the  ranks  of 
the  public  men  of  hi.,  eventful  day ;  and  who,  if  now  living,  would  be  etiually 
eminent. 

The  preparation  of  a  biography  worthy  of  the  subject,  and  answering  the  require- 
ments of  the  critical  canons  which  regulate  such  writings  as   this,  was  reserved  to 


Our  only  regret  is  that  he  did  not  eidarge  the  work  sufliciently  t )  embrace  more  of 
Dr._  Johnson's  letters  and  journals,  and  more  of  the  documtntary  history  of  tho 
period.  W'hat  he  has  given  us  whets  the  appetite  and  excites  the  hope  that  the 
great  mass  of  Dr.  Johnsons  manuscripts  may  be  still  further  utilized. 

The  portrait  which  torms  the  frontispiece  of  the  volume  is  from  a  painting  in 
the  possession  of  one  of  Dr.  Johnson's  descendants,  and  is  supposed  to  be  the  work 
of  Smibert.  It  shows  Dr.  Johnson  to  have  been  a  man  of  noble  presence  and 
pleasing  expression  of  countenance.  a.  h.  h. 

TTie  Historical  ^lagazine  and  Notes  and  Queries  concerning  the  Antiquities, 
History  and  Biography  of  America.     New- York:    Henry  B.  Dawson. 

The  numbers  for  February  and  March,  1874,  of  this  valuable  periodical  are  now 
before  us.  The  principal  artick-s  in  tlie  former  are:  I,  ^Vhat  was  in  f  rout  of  us 
early  in  1865"?   a  It  tter  by  the  assistant  Secretary  of  War  of  the  Confederate  States, 


.hy 

Fowler,  LL.D.:  4,  Annals  of  the  City  ot  Uaugor,  Me.,  by  the  late  Hon.  William  D. 
Williamson;  5,  Gen.  Charles  Scott,  by  Isaac  Smucker  ;  6,  Historical  and  Persional 
Eeminiscences  of  Chenango  County,  N.  Y.,  by  Samuel  S.  Randall,  LL.D.;  7,  The 
Ancient  Vinland  ;  8,  Early  Records  of  Trinity  Church,  New- York  city;  9.  The 
Vermont  Controversy,  a  series  of  unpublished  papers  from  the  New-Hampshire 
Archives  upon  early  Vermont  history  ;  10.  Recollections  of  the  Civil  History  of  the 
War  of  1312,  by  the  late  Joseph  Calcs. 

In  the  March  number,  we  have  :  1 ,  Diary  of  Ensign  Caleb  Clap,  of  Col.  Baldwin's 
regiment,  Massachusetts  Line,  Continental  Army,  trom  March  29  to  Oct.  23.  1776, 
from  the  original  in  the  possession  of  his  grandson,  Capt.  Thomas  W.  Rip.'ey,  of 
Greenfield,  Ma.ss.;  2,  The  Second  Brigade  at  Monterey,  a  report  of  its  operations, 
by  Col.  Peraifer  F.  Smith,  from  the  papers  of  Gen.  Worth  :  3,  a  continuation  of  Mr. 
Randall's  article  on  Chenango  County  ;  4,  The  Gospel  Pioneer  in  Western  North 
Carolina  (Rev.  John  Thompson),  by  Prof.  E.  F.  Eockwell ;   5,  6,  7  and  8,  coatinua- 


1875.]  BooJc-jSfotices.  219 

tions  of  the  3d,  Ith,  6th  nnd  8th  articles  in  tho  Fehniary  nnmhcr ;  9.  Major  ChiUls, 
U.S.A.,  Estrncts  fn)m  liis  crresp  )nclfii(>'  witli  liis  family,  from  the  ongmal  manu- 
scripts';   10,  Tlio  ViM-moiit  Controvci-sy,  continued.  .        c■n^  V. 

B^-.-iiiles  the^e  urtii-lcs,  both  numbers  contain  the  u.-^ual  quantity  of  I'lotsam,  >.ote3 
and  Queries,  Ac.  'I'iie  revicwa  and  n  iticcs  of  bool<s  are  quite  tull,  1/  pages  being 
devoted  to  them  in  the  February  number,  and  30  pages  in  the  March  number,  an 
extra  of  It)  pa^'cs  boini,' i^i'ven  witii  the  hitter.  _,    ,      .^      .  ,,, 

The  IJis/onral  Mriazini  is  paljli.slied  at  Morisania,  Ncw-lork  city,  in  monthly 
numbers,  of  64  email  ouarto  pa^^es  each,  at  tive  dollars  a  year. 

Mr.  Dawson,  tlic  editor  and  putili.'^hcr,  has  now  been  cn-aL'cd  for  upward  ot 
twenty  yeai-s  in  illustratini,' the  history  of  the  United  State.s  and  has  t^peut  nearly 
nine  veais  in  editing  the  thstoncal  Magazim.  Uurin-  the  last  fe;^  years-,  ho  has 
been  'visited  with  severe  and  loii--continued  sickness,  and  is  still  in  ill  health,  ihis 
has  thrown  him  into  arrears  in  the  publication  of  the  ma-azine.  lie  ha.s  on  hand  a 
Dumber  of  compiot.-  ^•cts  oi'  the  second  and  third  series  as  lar  as  published  which  he 
offers  at  tlie  subscription  price  of  two  dollars  and  filty  cents  ^^^oXmne.  1  hose  who 
are  able  to  purchase  the  work  are  ur^^ed  to  do  so,  as  they  will  furnish  him  with  the 
means  ofbringinn;  up  liis  arrears  in  publication.  .■       ^i     t\  u.. 

■  Since  the  appearance  of  the  numbers  at  the  head  of  this  notice,  Mr.  Daw-on  ha_3 
issued  two  extras  ut  hisma-azine,  bearing  date  December,  1S;4,  and  January  lb, p. 
The  first  extra  contains  a  letter  to  the  postmaster-general;  of  the  Lnitecl  biatf  s  m 
which  Mr.  Daws(m  recapitulates  certain  acts  of  gross  ofuciai  mismauaaeiaent  by 
the  postmaster  at  Morri<auia,  and  the  action  of  the  general  department  in  the  prem- 
ise/ Mr  Dawson  states  that,  having  been  wronged  by  the  local  postmaster,  he 
nVeVerred  char-cs  and  specifications  as;ainst  him,  and  that  at  a  hearing  before  a 
special  a-ent  appointed  by  tiie  department  at  vVashiugton,  the  accused  admitted  the 
truth  of  the  cliar-es,  but  that  the  functionaries  at  ^\  ashiugton  refused  to  attend  to 
the  ma'ter  furtlur,  or.  t!  e  plea  that  the  evidence  did  not  sustain  the  charges,  vvhen 
no  evidence  had  been  oflered,  though  x^I^.  Dawion  had  prepared  himself  with  abun- 
dant proof  had  the  charges  been  denied.  .  .  

The  second  extra  contains  a  petition  to  Congress  for  an  investigation  ot  tac  mat- 
ter.    We  hope  it  will  be  thoroughly  investigated.  J-  ■""•  '^^ 

Contributions  to  the  Annals  of  Medical  Progress  and  Medical  Education  in 
the  United  States  before  and  during  the  War  of  Independence.  V,y  io^^^n 
'bl.  Toner,  M.D.  Washington:  Government  Printing  Office,  lb/ 4. 
[Svo.  pp.  118.] 

This  compilation  was  undertaken  at  the  request  of  the  conventiori  of  school- 
sup,  rintendents  which  met  in  Washin-ton  in  187-2  to  consult  m  regard  to  the  ex- 
hibition of  the  United  States  system  of  education  at  \  lenua.  The  aulfior,  Dr.  ioner 
is  the  founder  of  the  Toner  Lectures  at  Washington,  tl  e  presi4ent  of  the  American 
Medical  A^sociation.  and  a  medical  writer  of  acknowle  Jged  ability.  _  He  is  now  en- 
ca-ed  upon  a  "  Biographical  Dictionary  of  Deceased  American  Physicrans  a  mucti 
needed  work,  and  our  readers  are  advised  to  send  to  him  such  original  information 
ns  they  may  have  concerning  deceased  physicians  in  their  locality  and  elsewlieie. 
His  a.Uress  is  350  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  Washington,  D.  C.  It  is  his  intention  to 
-ive  a  b,o-mphi.-il  sketch  of  every  decease'!  praciiti-jner  of  regular  medicine  Irom 
th>-  e:irlK>t  settlement  of  this  country  to  the  present  time.  The  present  wori  con- 
tains n^.tices  of  about  ei-ht  hundred  physicians.  \Ve  notice  some  errors  in  them,  a 
part  of  which  are  d.rabtless  typographical.  We  hope  to  see  thein  corrected  m  hid 
Biographicul  Dictionary.  •'•  '"'•  ^• 

Descendants   of  Ezeldel  Nortkend,  of  Rowley.     Salem  :   Printed  for    the 

Salem  Press.     1674.     [Royal  Svo.  pp.  16.] 

This  is  a  reprint  of  an  article  contributed  by  the  Hon.  William  D.  Northend.  of 
Salem,  to  the  twelfth  volume  of  the  Es,sex  Historical  Collections. 

Ezekiel  Northend,  the  ancestor  of  this  faniily  and  an  ^^^^^^  ,^«"lf  ,f  J^^^^L^' 
I^Iass. ,  was  probably  from  Yorkshire,  Enirland.  He  had  a  brother  Anthony,  who 
^ote  to  hin^  in  1678,  from  Beverley,  in  East  Riding  of  Yorkshire,  a  few  miles  from 
which  town  is  situated  Rowley,  whence  m-any  of  the  farst  settkrs  of  our  Rowley 
came.  A  relative  of  f^zekiel,  Mr.  Jeremiah  .Northend,  came  to  New-Eng land  w  th 
the  Rev  Ezekiel  Rogers,  but  returned  to  England  and  was  buried  at  Rowley,  lork- 


220  '  Booh-Xotices.  [Apri], 

shire,  April  14,  1702.    The  name  is  found  in  the  sixteenth  century  in  the  vicinity 
of  Halifax,  in  the  Kime  county  (Kecister,  xxvii.  18'J). 
Tliis  genealogy  seems  to  he  carefully  compiled  and  is  handsomely  printed. 

J.    W.    D. 

Maryland  not  a  Roman  Catliolic  Colony,  Stated  in  Tfiree  Letters,  by  E.  D.  N. 
First  printei^  in  Daily  Pioneer,  Saint  Paul,  jNIinnr^sota.  Nee  falsa  dicero, 
nee  vera  reticere.  Minneapolis:  Johnson  tfc  Smith,  Printers.  1375. 
[8vo.  pp.  10.] 

Bl'^hop  Giblxins,  a  prelate  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  in  Virginia,  in  his  recent 
reply  to  Mr.  Gladstone's  pamphlet  on  Papal  Infallihility,  claimed  that  the  decree 
respecting  relii,noiis  toleration  wliich  was  passed  l)y  the  general  as=emlily  of  Mary- 
land in  1W9  was  the  ^vurk  of  "Catholics.^'  The  Kev.  Kilward  D.  Neiil,  who  has 
given  much  study  to  the  history  of  that  colony,  affirms  and  cites  his  authority  to 
prove  that  the  Mnrsland  asseiiihly,  which  passed  the  law  of  1G49,  above  referred  to, 
was  not  Rtiman  Catholic  in  sentiment. 


Course  of  Study  and  Test-Books  of  the  Cincinnati  High  School,  adopted  April  17, 
1874.     [8vo.  pp.8.] 

First  Annual  Repor:  of  the  New-Hampshire  Branch  of  the  Woman's  Board  of 
Missions,  presented  at  Exeter,  September  17,  1874.     [12mo.  pp.  20.] 

Second  Annual  Report  of  the  Woman's  ^lissionary  Association  of  the  Diocese  of 
Long  Icjiand.     IS75.     [Svo.  pp.  8.] 

Fir^t  Annunl  Report  of  the  Directors  of  the  Lawrence  [Mass.]  Industrial  School  to 
the  City  Council.     18*4.     [6vo.  pp.  10.] 

Correspondence  relative  to  the  Transfer  of  the  Rev.  Edward  D.  Neill  frorii  the 
Presbytery  of  tiaint  Paul,  to  the  Ref/rmed  Episcopal  Church.  Printed  for  the  use 
of  Friends.     Minneapolis  :  Johnson  &  Smith,  printers.     1874.     [8vo.pp.il.] 

A  History  of  the  Eastern  Diocese.  By  Calvin  R.  Batchelder.  In  three  Volumes. 
Vol.  I.  Claremont,  N.  il.  The  Claremonfc  Manufacturing  Company,  Church 
Printers.     1875.     [Advance  Sheets.    8vo.  pp.  38.] 

A  Sermon  delivered  at  the  Ordination  of  the  Rev.  William  Henry  Furness,  as 
Pastor  of  t!ie  First  Congregational  Unitarian  Church  in  Philadelphia,  January  12, 
1825.  By  Henry  Ware,  Jun.,  Minister  of  the  Second  Church  in  Boston.  Toi^ether 
with  the  Charge,  by  Aaron  Bancroft,  D.D.,  of  Worcester  (Mass.),  and  the  Right 
Hand  of  Felluwship,  by  Ezra  S.  Gannett,  of  Boston.  Philadelphia  :  Printed  and 
Published  by  Abranam  Small.  1825.  [12mo.  pp.  46.  Reprinted  in  Philadelphia, 
January,  1875,  by  Sherman  &  Co.] 

Protection  of  Animals.  By  George  T.  Angell,  President  of  the  Mass.  Society  for 
the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Animals.  (Read  at  the  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Ameri- 
can Social  Science  As-ociation,  1S74.)  Printed  from  the  Publications  of  the  Ameri- 
can Social  Science  Association,  1874.     [8vo.  pp.  IG.] 

The  Philadelphia  Tea-Party  of  1773.  A  chapter  from  the  History  of  the  Old 
State  House,  liy  frank  M.  Ettin^:.  Respectfully  inscribed  and  printed  for  the 
Ladies  of  the  Centennial  Tea-Party,  December  17th,  1873.  Philadelphia.  Chapter 
IV.     [Sm.  4to.  pp.  8.J 

Sermons  and  Addresses  Commemorative  of  the  Twenty-Fifth  Anniversary  of  the 
Ordination  of  Rev.  James  H.  Means  as  Pastor  of  tin:  Second  Church,  Dorches- 
ter, July  13th  and  14th,  1873.  Boston  :  Congregational  Publishing  Society.  [Svo. 
pp.  72.] 

Dorchester.  Past  and  Present.  A  Sermon  preached  in  the  Second  Church,  Dor- 
chester, December  26,  186'.1.  Bv  Rev.  Jamrs  II.  IMeans.  Boston  :  Published  by 
Moses  H.  Sargent,  No.  13  Cornbill.    1870.     [8vo.  pp.  24.] 

South  Boston  Flats.  Report  of  the  Committee  appointed  under  Chap.  83  of  the 
Resolves  of  1874,  in  relation  to  the  use  of  the  Commonwealth  Flats  at  South 
Boston.  January,  1875.  Boston  :  Wright  &  Potter,  State  Printers.  1875.  [Svo. 
pp.  79.] 

Boston,  Iloosac  Tunnel  and  "\7estern  Railroad  Company.    Report  of  the  Corpo- 


1875.]  Book-JSfotices.  221 

rators,  appointcfl  under  Acts  of  187 1,  Clmp.  403.    January,  1875.    Boeton :  Wright 
&  Potter,  State  Friiitcrs.    1H75.     [Svo.  pp.  cxsxv.l 

Tenth  Annual  Report  of  tlie  Overseers  of  the  Poor,  of  the  City  of  Bo-ston,  for  the 
Financial  Year  1873-i.  Boston  :  Rockwell  &  Churchill,  City  Printers.  1874.  [8vo. 
pp.  52.] 

History  of  Paficr  Money  in  tlie  Province  of  "Massachusetts  hefore  the  Revolution, 
■^ith  an  "account  ot  tfie  I.and  Bank  and  tl.e  Silver  Bank.  Keaii  before  the  Anjeri- 
can  St;uistical  Associntiou  at  Boston,  May,  1674.  By  E.  II.  Derby.  The  New- 
England  News  Company,  Nori.  37&41  Court  Street,  Boston,  Mass.  1874.  [8vo. 
pp.  16.J 

Bibliotheca  Americana.  Catalogue  of  a  valuable  collection  of  Books  and  Pam- 
phlettJ  relating  to  America.  *  *  *  With  a  Descriptive  Li.4  of  the  Ohio  Valley 
Historical  Series.  For  sale  by  Robert  Clarke  &  Co.  Cincinnati,  1875.  [Svo.  pp. 
180.] 

Bulletin  of  tlie  Essex  Institute  [Salem,  Mass.],  Vol.  6,  No.  9,  September,  1874. 
(Field  Meeting  at  Rucknort.  Thursday,  August  6,  1874.)— No.  10.  (Field  Meet- 
ing at  Manchester,  Friday,  October  2,  1874.)— No.  11.  (Regular  Meeting,  Mon- 
day, November -2,  1874.)— No.  1-2.  (Special  Meeting,  Wednesday,  Nov.  25,  1S74.) 
Nineteenth  Annual  Report  of  the  Dire(^tors  of  the  Public  Library  of  the  City  of 
Newbarvport.  Newburyport :  William  Husc  &  Company,  Printers,  42  State  Street. 
1875.     [Sro.pp.  31.] 

Ix)ctare  on  Driftin<r  and  Automatic  Moveable  Torpedoes,  Submarine  Guns,  and 
Rockets.  By  Lieut." F.  M.  Barber,  U.  S.  Navy.  U.  S.  Torpedo  Station,  Newport, 
R.  I.,  December,  1871.     [8vo.  pp.  46,  with  several  lUustrative  Plates.] 

Biographical  Sketches  of  the  Members  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representa- 
tives of  Maine  for  1875.  *  *  *  Volume  IV.  Compiled  at  the  office  of  the  Ken- 
nebec Journal.     [Large  Svo.  pp.  14.] 

The  CCXXXVIth  Annual  Record  of  the  Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery  Co.  of 
Massachusetts,  1873-4.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Geo.  D.  Johnson,  Rector  of  St.  Paul's 
Church,  Newbui-vport.  Boston  :  Alfred  Mudge  &  Son,  Printers,  14  School  Street. 
1874.     [Svo.  pp.  67.] 

Chronological  Indi.^s  of  Historical  Fiction ;  including  Prose  Fiction,  Plays 
and  Poems.  Second  and  Enlarged  Edition.  1875.  Issued  by  the  Public  Library. 
Boston.     [Royal  Svo.  pp.  32.] 

Factory  Children.  Report  upon  the  Schooling  and  Hours  of  Labor  of  Children 
employed  in  the  Manufacturing  and  Mechanical  Establishments  of  Massachusetts. 
By  George  E.  McNeill,  Deputy  State  Constable.  Boston  :  Wright  &  Potter,  State 
Printers.     1875.     [Svo.  pp.  76.] 

Notes  on  Torpedo  Fuzes.     By  Lieut.  G.  A.  Converse,  U.  S.  Navy.    U.  S.  Torpe- 
do Station,  Newport,  R.  I.,  January,  1875.     [Svo.  pp   31,  with  Elustrative  Plates.] 
Annual  Report  of  the  Chief  of  Police,  for  1874.    P  :(ston  :  Rockwell  &  Churchill, 
City  Printers,  1875.     [Svo.  pp.  37.] 

Officers  of  the  Worcester  Lj'ceum  and  Natural  History  Association  for  1874-^75. 
With  the  By-Laws,  as  amended  Mav,  1874,  and  the  names  of  Life-Members.  ^V*or- 
cester  :   Printed  by  Charles  Hamilton,  Palladium  Office.    1874.     [12mo.  pp.  12.] 


DEATHS. 

Abbott,  Gorham  D.,  LL.D.,  an  eminent  Browx,  John  Carter,  Esq..  in    Provi- 

teacher,  in  South  Natick,  Mass.,  July  dence,  R.  I.,  June  10,  1874.     He  -was 

.30,  1374.     He  was  born  in  Brun.swick,  born  in  that  city,  Au^.  27,    1797,  and 

Me.,  Sept.  3,  1S07,  aud  was  a  brother  was  a  son  of  Nicholas  Browp  from 

of  Jacob  and  of  John  S.  C.  Abbott.  -whom  Brown  University  received  its 

name.    His  private  library,  it  is  said, 

ArDCBON-,  Madame,  widow  of  Audubon,  is  unsurpassed  in  the  world  in  its  col- 

t!ie  great  ornithologist,  in  Louisville,  lection  of  works  on    the  history    of 

Ki .,  June  18,  1874,  aged  68  years.  America. 


222 


Deaths. 


[April, 


CiiACE,  The  Hon.  Oliver,  in  Fall  River, 
Mass.,  May  6,  ISTi,  ai^od  Gl.  11'-  vra-S 
thesuii  of  Oliver  an'l  Susanna  (liutlinif- 
ton)  Chace,  and  -nas  born  in  Swan-^cy, 
Mass.,  Nov.  11,  ISI'3.  Ili.-i  parents  n,-- 
louved  to  Fall  Kiver  when  he  was  quite 
young,  lie  ■was  e.^.ily  eonnected  with 
the  manufacturing  ii;tert^-;trf  of  tho 
place,  and  was  fur  many  years  unc  of 
Its  most  enterprising  business  men,  giv- 
ing employment  to  a  large  number  of 
operatives.  Pos.-es.?<.\i  of  a  kindly  heart 
and  generous  impulses,  the  poor  and 
"be  that  had  nn  helper"  found  in 
him  a  friend.  lie  was  an  early  and 
constant  supporter  of  the  philanthropic 
movements  of  the  day. 

While  a  resident  of  the  adjoining 
towns  of  Tiverton  and  Fall  Kiver,  R.  1., 
he  was  repeatedly  called  by  his  fellow 
citizens  to  fill  important  public  trusts, 
and  was  several  times  elected  to  the 
general  assembly  of  Rhode  Island,  both 
as  representative  and  senator.  iSeo 
Fall  River  Weekly  I^ews,  May  14, 
1874,  for  obituary  and  resolutions  of 
respect  to  his  memory. 

Cornell,  the  Hon.  Ezra,  in  Ithaca.  N.Y. 
Dec.  9,  1874.  He  was  born  at  W^cst- 
chester  Landing,  county  Westchester, 
N.  Y.,  Jan.  11,  1807.  He  was  one  of 
the  pioneers  in  establishing  telegraph 
lines  in  the  United  Siates  ;  but  is  more 
distinguished  as  the  founder  of  the 
university  in  Ithaca  which  bears  his 
name. 

De  Petster,  James  Ferguson,  In  the  city 
of  New-York,  June  10,  1874,  in  which 
city  he  was  born,  Feb.  3,  1791.  He 
■was  a  prominent  and  highly  esteemed 
citizen,  and  held  many  positions  of  hon- 
or and  responsibility. 

Eaton,  Cyrus,  Esq.,  in  Warren,  Me., 
Thni-sday,  Jan.  21,  at  5  o'clock  in  the 
morning,  aged  91.  He  was  the  sixth 
child  of  B<  njamin  and  Mary  (Stacy) 
Eaton,  and  was  born  in  Framingham, 
Mass.,  Feb.  11,  1784.  He  was  descend- 
ed in  the  6th  generation  from  Jonas^ 
Eaton,  of  Watertown  and  Reading, 
through  John^  Jonas, ^Benjamin*  and 
Benjamin,''  his  father,  above  named. 

His  father  died  when  he  was  sixteen 
years  old,  and  his  mother  was  leit  in 
poverty  with  a  numerous  family. 
'  Making  the  best  use  he  could  of 
the  slender  advantages  of  the  common 
schools  at  that  time,  together  with  a 
few  weeks  at  the  Framingham  acade- 
my, to  which  he  had  to  travel  three 
mil<?s  Srom  his  home,  then  in  South- 
bcro',  and  after  teaching  in  that  town 


one  winter,  he  started  in  1804  f  jr  the 
wildsutMaine,wherfhecommeii';edhis 
nearly  forty  years'  career  an  a  t'.a'.licr, 
in  the  menuwhilc  industriously  educat- 
ing himself' in  the  classics,  must  uf  the 
.sciences,  and  in  the  French  and  ( nu-mun 
languages."  In  1830,  he  wa.s  clioseu 
prei;eptur  of  Warren  academy,  estab- 
lished in  180'.),  and  held  the  position 
from  Dec.,  1830,  to  April,  18 1:].  Ho 
held  the  otiix.'C  of  town  clerk  of  Warren 
13  years,  from  1817  to  1830;  and  re- 
presented that  town  five  years,  18 11-  13, 
and  1815-10,  in  the  legislature  of  Mas- 
sachusetts. In  1845,  he  lost  his  ?ight 
entirely,  having  been  partially  blind 
from  an  accident  some  years  bctore. 
This  calamity  did  not  prevent  him  from 
■^•orking  ;  for,  by  the  help  of  an  invalid 
daughter.  Miss  Emily  Eaton,  he  com- 
piled the  "  Annals  of  Warren,"  12mo. 
pp.  437  (see  REGisTtR,  vii.  95).  and  the 
"  History  of  Thomaston,  Rockland  and 
South  Thomaston,"  2  vols.  12mo.  pp. 
408  and  472  (see  Register,  xix.  283). 
These  works,  though  both  prepared 
while  he  was  blind  and  the  latter  after 
he  had  passed  the  age  of  four  score 
years,  show  an  amount  of  industry  and 
carefulness  that  have  not  been  excelled 
by  those  who  labor  under  no  such  dis- 
advantages. In  1848,  Bowdoin  Col- 
lege conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of 
A.M.,  and,  in  1859,  he  v\'as  elected  a 
resident  member  of  the  Maine  Histori- 
cal Society.  He  was  a  corresponding 
member  of  several  other  historical  s<> 
cieties. 

He  had  no  sickness,  and  his  mind 
continued  clear  to  the  last.  In  fact, 
he  took  such  good  care  of  himself  and 
was  so  regular  in  his  habits  that  he 
was  almost  always  well.  Only  the  last 
day  was  he  confined  to  his  bed. 

Eaton,  Miss  Angelina,  daughter  of  the 
preceding,  in  Warren,  Me.,  Jan.  27, 
aged  GO  years  7  months  IG  days,  sur- 
viving her  father  6  days  and  1  hour. 
With  untiring  zeal  she  had  devoted 
her  life  to  the  care  of  a  blind  father 
and  an  invalid  sister.  This  sister,  Miss 
Emily  Eaton,— who  for  34  years  has  not 
been  able  to  take  one  step  without  as- 
sistance, but  who  during  this  time 
has  been  sight  as  well  as  pen  to  her 
father,  and  has  enabled  him  to  compile 
his  historical  works, — is  now  deprived 
of  father,  mother,  brother  and  sisters, 
though  cared  for  by  her  brother's 
widow  and  children. 

J.  T.  Calderwood. 

Foster,  John  G.,  Major-General.  U. 
S.  A.,  in  Nashua,  N.  H.,  Sept.  2,  1874, 
in  the  fifty-first  year  of  his  age.    He 


1875.] 


Deaths. 


223 


•was  graduated  from  the  U.  S.  Military 
Acautmy  ia  July,  1S46,  and  dittin- 
cuishtd  himself  iu  tlie  Florida  aud 
Slexioan\yars,aud  in  the  late  civil  war, 

Gri>'xkll,  Henry,  iu  the  city  of  Isew- 
York,  ill  June,  1874.  Ho  was  born  in 
New-Bcdtbrd,  M;is..,  I'Vo.  13,  17!)'.). 
He  Was  one  of  the  foundern  and  the 
first  president  of  the  American  Geogra- 
phical Society,  lie  titted  out  at  his 
own  expent^e  two  exploring  expeditions 
to  the  North  Polar  regions,  one  in 
1850,  the  other  iu  185 1.  iJe  was  an  em- 
inent merchant  and  a  liberal  benefactor. 

KiKcsLEY,  the  Rev.  Chirles,  canon  of 
"Westminster  Abbey,  in  London,  Jan. 
25,  1875.  He  was  born  in  Holne, 
Devon,  June  17,  1819.  He  was  a  dis- 
tinguished graduate  of  Magdalen, 
Cambridge,  and  the  author  of  several 
volumes  of  n.jvelti,  puenis  and  sermons, 
and  other  celebrated  and  meritorious 
works.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he 
was  one  of  the  mn=t  ponulnr  pronchors 
and  writers  iu  England.  He  visited 
the  United  States  in  rhe  winter  of 
IS7r!-l,  i^nd  lectured  iu  many  of  the 
principal  cities. 

Morris,  the  Rt.  Rev.  Thog.  A.,  D.D.,  se- 
nior bishop  in  the  ^iethodist  Episcopal 
Church,  at  his  residence  in  Springfield, 
Ohio,  Sept.  21,  1874.  He  was  born  in 
the  county  of  Kanawha,  Va.,  April  28, 
17'J4.     He  was  elected  bishop  in  1836. 

Mc Arthur,  Arthur,  Esq.,  died  at  his 
residence  in  Limington,  Elaine,  Novem- 
ber 29,  1874,  aged  84  years,  10  months, 
15  days.  He  graduated  at  Bitwdoin 
Co'.lege  in  ISIO,  and  at  the  time  of  his 
de:  th  was  the  oldest  graduate  then 
living,  with  the  exception  of  the  Hon. 
Seth  Storer,  of  Scarborough,  who  grad- 
uated in  1S07.  Mr.  McArthur  wa.s 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  county  of 
York  in  January,  1815,  and  for  more 
than  htty  years  was  a  constant  atten- 
dant upon  the  various  terms  of  court  in 
that  county.  n.  j.  h. 

Pbe?cott,  taac  (No.  2459  of  the  Pres- 
cott  Memorial,  p.  4US),  in  Corinth, 
Vt.,  Ootol^jr  6,  1874,  aged  63.  He  was 
b<irn  l-JU,  and  was  the  7tb  generation 
from  Jam/:s,^  of  Hampton,  N.  H., 
through  James-,  Samuel,^  Jeremiah,'* 
Wilham^  and  Sherburne.^         w.  p. 

Reed,  Learned,  in  "Wilraingt.on,  Yt.,  Slay 
15,  aged  87.  Born  Oct."  31,  17S6,  of 
Joseph  and  ilann.ili  (Learned)  Reed,  of 
Oxford,  bom  1750,  married  1775,  who 


was  son  of  Deacon  Thomas  Reed  (bom 
1715,  married  Aug.  2,  1740)  aud 
Experience,  dau.  of  Jeremiah  Shumway. 
Deacon  llccd's  will,  Fub.  13,  pro.  2S, 
17-50,  left  to  widow  and  only  child 
Jdseph,  Widow  married  fas  his  second 
wife)  John  Wyman,  of  Oxford,  April 
23,  1752,  whose  first  wife  was  Sarah 
Cutler,  of  Woburn,  171'.' ;  third  wife, 
AnuaTown,  of  Charlton,  1762.  Deacon 
Reed  was  son  of  Samuel  Reed,  of  Mon- 
don,  grandson  of  Saniuol  and  HopC'till 
(Holbrook)  Keed,  of  Meudcn,  great- 
grandson  of  John  and  Sarah  Reed,  early 
of  Rehoboth.  Nearly  related  to  this  line 
was  the  late  Rev.  Gardner  Spring, 
D.D.  w. 

Rollins,  the  Hon.  Daniel  G.,  in  Great 
Falls,  N.  H.,  Feb.  23, 1975,  oet.  73.  He 
was  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Shap- 
leigh)  Rollins,  of  Somersworth,  N.  if., 
and  Lebanon,  Me.;  grandson  of  Juhn 
and  Mary  (Carr)  of  Somersworth  ; 
ereat-grand'on  of  Hon.  Ichabod  and 
Abi.^ail  (Weutworth)  of  S.;^gr.-gr.- 
grandson  of  Jeremiah  and  Elizabeth 
(Ham)  of  S.;  gr.-gr.-gr.-grandson  of 
Ichabod  (slain  %  the  Indians  in  1707) 
and  Mary  (Tibbetts)  of  Dover  ;  who 
was  the  eldfSt  son  of  James  Rawlics, 
an  early  settler  at  Bloody  Point  (New- 
ington). 

1h.  Rollins's  life  from  early  manhood 
till  near  its  close  was  a  very  active  and 
useful  one  ;  possessed  of  sound  judg- 
ment, and  incorruptible  integrity,  he 
always  held  the  entire  confidence  of  all 
who  knew  him,  both  in  his  extended 
business  relations  and  in  social  life. 
He  was  often  called  by  his  townsmen 
to  fill  the  highest  town  oiEces,  in  Wake- 
field where  he  resided  for  some  years, 
and  in  his  native  town  :  and  was  for 
several  years  the  representaiive  of 
Somersworth  in  the  state  legi.-lature. 
He  was  one  of  the  corporators,  a  trus- 
tee and  vice-president  of  the  Somers- 
worth Savings  Bank  from  its  organiza- 
tion to  the  present  time:  also  one  of 
the  founders  and  a  director  ol  tiie  Great 
Falls  Bank  from  1846  to  1862  ;  at  dif- 
ferent times,  a  director,  agent,  trea- 
surer and  superintendent  of  the  Great 
Falls  and  Conway  Railroad,  and  a  di- 
rector of  the  Grea"t  Falls  Fire  Insurance 
Company  from  1849  to  1860.  In  July, 
1857,  he  was  appointed  judge  of  pro- 
bate for  the  county  of  Straiiord,  hold- 
ing that  office  and  faithfully  discharg- 
ing its  duties  till  be  had  reached  seven- 
ty years,  in  1860,  when  he  was  consti- 
tutionally disqualified  by  reason  of  age. 
Ever  earnest  for  whatever  might  pro- 
mote the  welfare  of  his  town,  be  was 


224 


Deaths. 


[April, 


an  active  and  zealous  friend  of  the 
teuipeiiince  cause,  and  wad  iov  some 
yeai's  president  of  the  (Jreat  Falltj  teiu- 
perunce  society. 

Mr.  Rollins  married,  Feb.  3.  ISC.">, 
Miss  Su.^iin  Biniicj',  daui<hter  of  Capt. 
Siuion  and  grandd;iii::hter  of  Giin.  JMi- 
chaei  Jacksun,  ol'  Newton,  Mafs.,  who, 
vrith  nine  ehildren.  isurvives  him.  The 
Bons  are  Franklin-Jackson,  Internal 
Kevenue  Collectov  at  Portland ;  Hun. 
Edward-Ashton  (i^rad.  Dart.  Collei^c, 
1851),  attorney  at  law  and  late  Com- 
missioner of  Revenue ;  Daniel  G. 
(Dart.  Coll.  1S(50),  Ass't  Did't  Attor- 
ney of  the  city  and  county  of  New- 
York  ;  and  George  P..  resident  in 
Washington.  The  dauglitera  arc  Mrs. 
Thomas  C.  Parka,  of  Newton  ;  Mrs. 
Oliver  W.  Shaw,  of  Austin,  Minn.; 
Mrs.  Susan  A.  Pupc  and  Mioses  Caro- 
line E.  and  Mary-Packard  Rollins,  of 
Great  Falls.  J.  R.  R. 

Savage,  the  Hon.  James,  at  his  residence 
in  JjwituU,  riliiiOii  3,  ib73.  A  ssieLcli 
of  this  distinguished  genealogist  and 
antiquary  will  te  found  in  the  Regis- 
ter for  January,  lb47,  vol.  i.,  pages 
61-S4.  Since  that  sketch  was  publish- 
ed a  second  edition  of  Winthrop's  His- 
tory of  New-England  edited  by  Mr. 
Savage  has  appeared  ;  also  his  Gene- 
alogical Dictionary  oT  the  First  Settlers 
of  New-England,  in  f  )ur  volumes,  a 
monument  of  labor  and  research.  A 
report  of  the  tributes  paid  to  his  mem- 
ory by  the  Hon.  Robert  C.  Winthrop 
and  Charles  Deane,  LL.D.,  will  be 
found  in  ihe  Proceedings  of  the  Mass. 
His.  Society,  for  March,  1873. 

SiniH,  Gerrit,  LL.D.,  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  Dee.  i^S,  1874.  He  was  born 
in  Utica,  N.  Y.,  March  fi,  1797.  He 
was  a  prominent  anti-slavery  man,  and 
distinguished  for  his  large  benefactions 
to  the  colored  race. 

Sprague,  Charles,  A.M.,  the  poet,  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  Jan.  21,  1875,  where 
he  was  born,  Oct.  26,  1791.  He  first 
engaged  in  mercantile  business.  In 
1820  he  was  appointed  teller  of  the 
State  Bank,  and  cashier  of  the  Globe 
Bank  in  1825,  holding  the  latter  posi- 
tion till  1865. 

TuTTLE,  Thomas,  M.D.,  in  Northwood, 
N.  H.,  May  28,  1873.  He  was  born 
Feb.  28,  1817,  the  eldest  son  of  Samuel 
and  .Mary  (VVaterhonse)  Tuttle,  and 
seventh  in  descent  from  John  Tuttle, 
of  Dover.  (Art/e,  xxi.  138.)  He  studi- 
ed medicine  with  several  eminent  phy- 


sicians, and  graduated  at  the  Hanard 
Medical  Scho^d  in  1842. _  He  settled  in 
Northwood  in  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession, and  became  eminent  as  a  ptiy- 
sician  and  esteemed  in  all  the  rela- 
tions of  life.  He  leaves  a  widow,  his 
second  wife,  and  several  children. 

Westoji,  Mrs.   Catherine  B.,  in   West 
Newton,   Mass.,    December  15,   1874. 

She  was  a  daughter  uf  Col.  Ebenezer 
and  Lucy  (Dudley)  ^V'■ebste^,  and  was 
born  in  Orono,  .Maine,  March  7,  1821. 
She  married,  in  1838,  Maj.  Nathan 
Weston,  Jr.,  sou  of  Hon  Nathan  \Ve.-i- 
ton,  LL.D.,  of  Augusta,  chief  justice 
of  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court  of 
Maine.  i-  ^'• 

"^ruEELER,  William  Adolphus,  the  assis- 
tant superintendent  of  the  Boston  Pub- 
lic Library,  in  Boston,  October  28, 
1874,  aged  40.  He  was  born  in  Leices- 
ter, Mass.,  Nov.  14,  1833.  His  youth 
was  passed  mostly  at  Topsham,_Me. 
After  graduating  at  Bowdoin  College 
in  1853,  and  teaching  in  various  places, 
he  was  engaged,  in  1858,  by  Joseph  E. 
Worcester,  LL.D.,  to  assist  him  in 
the  preparation  of  his  quarto  dlctii.na- 
rj'.  In  1660,  after  the  completion  of 
that  work,  the  pi-oprietors  of  the  Welj- 
ster  Dictionary  obtained  him  as  as>is- 
tant  in  the  revision  of  their  quurto 
edition,  and  to  him  is  due  the  appendix 
containing  a  Diciionaiy  of  the  Noted 
Names  of  Fiction,  which  v>-as  enlarged 
and  published  as  a  separate  wirk.  In 
18G3  he  was  appointed  assistant  super- 
intendent of  the  Public  Library,  the 
cataloguing  department  being  his  spe- 
cial charge, for  which  he  was  emiat-nt- 
ly  fitted.  The  broadsides  and  montidy 
bulletins  prepared  under  his  supervi- 
sion are  models  of  their  kind,  and  have 
greatly  contributed  to  give  it  a  leading 
po-ition  among  American  libraries.  In 
his  special  department  of  lexicography, 
to  which  he  devotdl  the  best  part  cf  his 
life,  he  stood  in  the  iront  rank  in  this 
country,  while  he  had  few  equals 
in  bibliographical  knowledge.  As  a 
Shakespeare  scholar,  he  was  beginning 
to  have  a  reputation  in  England,  and 
it  is  to  be  regretted  that  he  did  not  live 
to  <tirry  (.lut  bis  jdan  of  a  cyclopa;dia 
of  Shakespearian  Literature,  for  which 
he  had  begun  to  collect  materials. 

WiiiTEnorsE,  the  Rt.  Rev.  Henry  John, 
D.D.,  LL.D.,  bishop  of  the  diooe-e  of 
lllinuLs,  of  the  Protestant  EpicC.pal 
Church,  in  Chicago,  Aug.  10,  L-^7k 
He  was  ii()rn  in  the  city  of  New- 
York  in  August,  1802. 


-1'     y^      -^ _•_     _    ^        '_ X 


] 


f  THE 

ElSTOllICALAND  GENEALOGICAL 


EGISTER. 


N^  CXV. 

Y  0  L  .    X  X  I  X  ,  —  J  U  L  Y  ,    1  S  7  5 

/N  MEMORIAM  MAJORUM, 


PrULISHED  UNDER  THE  DIRECTION  OF  THE 
>'EW-EXGLAND  HISTORIC,  GENEALOGICAL  SOCIETY. 


BOSTON: 

THE  SOCIETY-S  liOT'SK,  IS  SOMERSET  STREET. 

564  (Nesr  >ro.)  W\stii-vGTOx  St. 
I  u>N  TERMS  S3  A  "TEAH,  IW  AP  V'A^-CE._ .4 


■0^/^ 


:W5r^ 


"f\:  ^^-i^f 


C?^-    .^''/^Lj^'-i 


-tc^t- 


TILE 

HISTORICAL  AXI)  GENEALOGICAL 
REGISTEPv. 


JULY,  1875. 


TIMOTHY  FARrwiE,  LL.D. 

By  the  Rev.  Samuel  Lee,  A.M.,  of  New-Ipsv/ich,  N.  H. 

A  LIFE  of  eiirhty-six  years  in  New-Er.glantl,  dnni^g  any  century 
since  its  settlement  began,  ■would  have  covered  a  period  full  of 
intere.-t  and  crov\'dcd  with  events  of  no  little  importance,  v-'hether 
considered  in  their  immediate  relations  or  as  a  part  of  the  general 
hietory  of  the  country.  It  may  fairly  be  claimed,  hov/ever,  and 
probably  will  be  admdtted,  that  the  period  of  our  history  -whieli  is 
bounded  on  the  one  hand  by  the  American  Eevolution  and  on  the 
other  by  the  centennial  year  of  American  Independence,  is  not  the 
least  important  in  our  annals.  This,  which  we  may  denomhrate  the 
constructive  era  in  the  life  of  the  nation,  has  been  rich  in  men  of 
public  and  private  virtue,  intelligence  and  learning,  in  warriors  and 
statesmen,  in  orators  and  poets,  in  jurists  and  theologians,  in  mer- 
chants and  inventors.  The  leading  men  of  the  revolutionary  epoch 
were  cast  in  no  coiumon  mould,  and  they  i  tamped  the  impress  of 
their  character  upon  the  institutions  which  they  framed,  and  upon 
the  generations  that  followed.  To  have  been  bom,  reared  and  edu- 
cated among  such  men  as  laid  the  foundations  of  our  political  fabric 
and  devised  our  civil  polity ;  to  have  helped,  in  no  inconsiderable 
degree,  in  completing  these  institutions  and  in  adapting  them  to  the 
growing  and  varying  needs  of  an  expanding  population  and  a 
progressive  civilization  ;  to  have  helped  in  building  up  and  conserv- 
ing tlic  institutions  of  learning  and  sound  morals  ;  to  have  had  a 
share  in  tjie  interpretation  and  administration  of  our  written  and  un- 
written law  ;  to  have  added  something,  not  a  little,  to  the  accepted 
body  of  our  jurisprudential  wisdom ;  to  have  contributed  something 
permanent  and  valuable  to  the  elucidation  of  the  great  charter  of  de- 
legated powers  under  which  our  federal  union  was  secured ; — all  this 
wcidd  jiistly  entitle  a  man  to  the  honorable  regards  of  his  contem- 
poraries and  of  posterity.      In  addition :  to  have  associated  from 

VOL.  X5Ii.  21 


226  Timothy  Farra.r,  LL.D.  [July, 

early  youth  vri\\x  men  of  mark  and  wisdom  and  power, — their  dis- 
ciple, cotupaniou  and  friend  ;  to  have  been  endowed  with  a  mind, 
penetrative,  inquisitive  and  exact ;  with  a  rare  capacity  for  receiving; 
and  retaining  iniprecsjiionfl  of  men  and  events,  and  for  eearching  out 
tho  hidden  c^prings  of  human  action  ;  to  have  kept  the  power  of 
thought,  analysis  and  expression,  vigorous  to  the  last, — always  and 
to  the  end  of  life  a  student ;  to  have  been  moderate  in  prosperity  and 
chcerfid  in  adversity ;  to  liave  been  the  cherit^hcd  companion  of  the 
young  as  well  as  of  the  old;  ever  hopeful,  never  despairing  of  one's 
country  and  one's  fellow-men  ; — such  a  life  and  character,  such  la- 
bors and  virtues,  if  fully  })ortrayed,  could  not  fail  to  be  both  inter- 
esting and  instructive.  Such  a  character,  such  labors  and  expe- 
riences, belonged  to  the  subject  of  this  memoir;  but  it  ig  not  deemed 
practicable,  at  this  time  and  in  this  place,  to  attempt  anj'thing  be- 
yond a  brief  niemoir. 

The  life  of  Judge  Farrar  illustrates  the  power  of  example.  He 
was  the  son  of  the  Hon.  Timothy  and  Anna  (Bancroft)  Farrar. 
His  father  was  graduated  at  Harvard  Collcsfe  in  1767  aud  lived  in 
New-Ipswich,  X.  H.,  to  the  advanced  age  of  one  hundred  and  two- 
His  chi;racter  embodied  a  rare  combination  of  excellencies,  developed 
by  circumstances  peculiar  to  his  lime.  He  was  just  coming  into 
vigorous  manhood,  at  the  opening  of  the  revolutionary  epoch  of 
our  history.*  On  the  memorable  April  19,  1775,  he  seized  his 
musket  and  marched,  with  a  band  of  his  townsmen,  for  Concord. 
He  was  prominent  in  those  etTorts  by  which  the  authority  of  the 
British  government  was  set  aside  and  a  new  and  independent  state 
government  organized.  At  the  early  age  of  twenty-eight  he  was 
made  a  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas.  In  1791  he  was  pro- 
moted to  the  supreme  bench  as  associate  justice,  and  in  1802  he  was 
appointed  chief-justice,  but  declined.  Early  in  life  the  eloquence  of 
Tf  b  teficld  won  his  heart  aud  started  him  upon  a  course  of  Christian 
activity. 

The  Hon.  Timothy  Farrar,  junior,  was  bom  to  breathe  the  at- 
mosphere of  such  a  family,  and  an  heir  to  its  blessings.  The  power 
of  the  exemplification  of  the  principles  of  an  intelligent,  Christian, 
patriotic  manhood  was  never  remitted,  nor  weakened  by  the  admix- 
ture of  inferior  elements.  As  an  only  son  he  was  the  object  of  a 
very  intense  interest,  all  which  he  reciprocated, — yielding  thus  the 
plastic  mind  of  childhood  and  youth  to  the  impression  of  parental 
character.  He  was  bom  in  Xew-Ipsv.-ich,  Xew-Hampshire,  March 
17,  1788.  At  the  early  age  of  twelve  years,  he  was  sent  from  home 
to  become  a  member  of  Phillips  Academy  in  Andover,  Mass.  His 
preparatory  course  was  completed  in  Gruton,  Mass.  He  entered 
Dartmouth  College  in  1803,  and  was  graduated  in  1807.  He 
Btu(Ued  his  profession  with  Daniel  Webster  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  and 

*  Soe  Registeb  vi.  Sl.V'Z-S  for  p.  memoir  of  the  Farrar  Family,  and  notice,  with  portrait 
of  Judge  farrar,  senior;  also  Kistory  ofNew-Ips^-ich,  356-73. 


1875.]  Timothy  Farrar,  LL.D.  227 

.was  admitted  in  the  year  1810  to  the  Rockingham  bar  in  Exeter. 
He  commeuced  tlie  practice  of  law  in  his  native  town  ;  but  in  1813 
accepted  an  invitation  from  Mr.  AYcbsler  to  become  liia  hiw  partner 
in  Portsmouth,- -a  rclr.tion  ho  sustained  till  ]^vlr.  Y\'eb.-:tcr  removed 
to  Bodtou  in  18 IG.  lie  then  alone  continued  the  practice  of  the  law 
in  l^orttmouth  till  1822  ;  afterward  in  Hanover,  where  he  was  also 
secretary,  treasurer,  and  librarian  of  Dartmouth  College  till  182G. 
In  182-4  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  in 
New-Harupshirc,  and  continued  in  this  office  till  a  change  in  the  poli- 
tics of  the  state  was  followed  by  the  dissolution  of  the  court  in  1833. 
He  then  returned  to  the  practice  of  the  law  in  Portsmouth,  where 
his  ripened  character  and  eminent  abilities  as  a  lawyer  gave  to  him 
a  large  practice  in  his  profession  and  v/on  for  him  the  confidence  and 
respect  of  the  community.  In  183G  he  accepted  the  office  of  cashier 
of  a  bank  in  Exeter,  where  he  remained  till  the  expiration  of  the 
charter  in  1844.  He  then  removed  to  Boston,  and  united  the  prac- 
tice of  liis  profesion  wdth  business  relations,  being  engaged  in  public 
and  private  trusts  in  various  forms,  tiU  disqualified  by  the  infirmities 
of  age. 

In  1817  he  married  Sarah  Adams,  daughter  of  William  Adams, 
of  Porlsmouth,  who  survived  him  eight  months  and  died  in  Boston 
at  the  residence  of  his  son-in-law  Edward  Crane,  Esq.,  June  30, 
1875,  aged  ^Q,     He  leaves  two  daughters. 

In  1854  he  was  a  representative  from  the  city  of  Boston  in  the 
general  court  of  Massachusetts.  From  1853  to  1853  he  was  a 
vicci-president  and  a  director  of  the  New-England  Historic,  Genealog- 
ical Society,  and  a  memeberof  the  PubHshing  Committee  from  1851 
to  1854  and  from  1857  to  1858.  He  edited  one  number  of  the 
Historical  and  Genealogical  Register,  namely  that  for  July,  1852. 

In  1867  he  received  from  his  Alma  Mater  the  honorary  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Laws. 

In  estimating  the  character  of  Judge  Fariar,  we  must  make  promi- 
nent the  social  elements.  His  life  was  love ;  his  sympatliies  were 
profound.  He  entered  thoroughly  into  the  experience  of  others, 
whether  joyous  or  sad.  Hence  the  strength  of  his  attachment  to 
those  whose  character  he  could  approve.  His  heart  would  blend  in 
its  entirety  with  the  heart  of  such  approved  friend,  and  they  were 
one  in  the  deepest  experiences  of  their  souls.  There  are  a  favored 
few, — men  whose  locks  are  white  and  whose  tottering  steps  are  close 
upon  the  line  that  separates  them  and  their  friend,  who  dan  attest  the 
truth  of  this  remark.  Still  he  was  not  demonstrative,  the  opposite 
rather  in  the  extreme.  There  were  no  lavish  professions  of  friend- 
ship ;  it  was  only  as  you  were  near  him  and  long  enough  to  fathom 
the  deep,  calm  current  of  the  soul,  that  you  could  know  the  treasure 
you  had  in  his  love.  It  was  so  even  in  his  family,  where  only  by  in- 
direction and  on  occasions  of  great  affliction  and  sorrow  did  they  learn 
how  they  were  wrapped  up  in  the  tenderest  sensibilities  of  his  heart. 


228  Timothy  Farrar,  LL.D.  [July, 

The  stren^h  of  his  friendship  nnd  the  deptli  of  his  sympathies 
may  he  ilkistrated  by  tlie  facts  connected  with  the  instant  deaiii  of 
E?;ekiel  ^Veb3ter  wliilc  iilcaihn"-  a  case  in  court.  Judc^eFarrar  was 
on  the  bench,  and  ^Ir.  ^\''^Jbster  in  an  earnest  address  to  tliu  court 
was  looking  him  directly  in  the  eye,  when  instantly  he  fell  dead  up- 
on tlietl.>or.  There  ;vere  imperative  duties  of  the  momcut,  and  they 
were  discharc'ed.  His  loui;  and  intimate  connection  with  tlie  de- 
ceased and  his  brother,  as  well  as  his  own  position,  caused  to  devolve 
upon  him  in  tliis  case  very  much  that  was  peculiarly  distressing  to 
his  delicate,  sensitive  nature  :  and  when  these  responsibilities  were  off 
and  time  was  given  for  reaction,  several  months  of  sickness  ensued, — 
the  mere  bleedings  of  the  heart. 

But  ■v\hile  thus  sympathetic,  and  so  ready  to  "  weep  Avith  those 
that  weep,"  he  was  not  melancholy  ;  and  we  should  not  present  the 
range  and  comprehensiveness  of  his  philosojihy,  physiological,  ethical 
and  religious,  did  we  not  allude  to  an  element  of  his  character  quite 
in  the  other  extreme,  lie  believed  it  to  be  a  condition  of  ourgi-eat- 
est  intellectual  health  and  efficiency  and  therefore  a  law  of  God,  that 
mental  toil  should  be  succeeded  by  thorough  relaxation  and  amuse- 
ment, and  that  among  the  recupcratives  for  the  w^eary  brain,  was  the 
play  of  wit  and  appeals  to  the  risi])les.  A.  distinguished  scholar  and 
professor,  who  had  for  many  years  been  under  the  medicinal  influence 
of  this  power  of  the  judge,  assured  the  writer  that  he  had  never  ex- 
perienced from  another  such  resistless  provocatives  to  laughter. 

As  a  scholar,  Judge  Farrar  was  learned  rather  than  brilliant.  To 
him  the  essential  quahty  of  exact  truth  had  a  value  and  a  beauty, 
euch  that  ornament  seemed  meretricious  in  comparison.  He  employ- 
ed no  factitious  mcdiods  to  win  applause ;  a  profound  self-respect 
forbade  it.  He  had  his  own  reward  of  that,  for  which,  had  he  taken 
the  means  which  some  others  employ  to  secure  it,  would  have  re- 
ceived the  praise  of  men. 

There  was  also  a  radical  principle  in  his  moral  character,  out  of 
which  were  '*the  issues  of  life,"  that  vras  operative  in  the  same  direc- 
tion. He  lived  to  do  good,  to  impart  rather  than  to  receive.  In  the 
prosecution  of  this  purpose  of  usefulness,  his  studies  were  directed 
to  the  attainment  of  exact  knowledge,  of  conceptions  with  distinct 
and  perfectly  defined  outlines.  Hence  a  remarkable  feature  in  his 
logic  :  it  had  the  exactness  of  mathematical  demonstration.  Hence, 
too,  the  positivencss  of  his  opinions,  and  the  fact  that  he  was  ready 
to  express  them, — not  with  arrogance,  but  with  assurance,  and  to 
act  upon  them  as  representing  tiic  reality  of  thlnq's.  Hence  his 
value  as  an  advisory  friend.  A\'e  have  asked  of  different  men,  and 
some  of  them  aged  clergymen, — for  he  was  peculiarly  the  friend  and 
made  himself  the  profitable  companion  of  ministers, — their  opinion 
of  the  Judge.  The  must  prominent  of  all  the  facts  in  their  rephes 
has  been,  "He  was  preeminently  a  safe  adviser."  It  was  this  feature 
in  his  intellectual  and  moral  character  that  secured  for  him  his  pro- 
fessional reputation  as  a  lawyer  and  a  judge. 


1S75.]  Timothy  Farrar,  LL.D.  229 

The  ethics  of  the  lawyer  are  sometimes  a  mystery  to  outside  lay- 
men. But  M-hile  tliey  iniglit  criticize  him,  they  mi-^it  find  it  difficult 
to  construct  a  system  of  ethical  principles,  under  which  they  them- 
selves could  praorisc  at  the  bar.  Of  these  principles,  aa  exemplified 
by  the  subject  of  this  notice,  we  are  not  informed  in  detail ;  but  are 
sure  that  what  he  did,  he  did  as  right,  llis  private  professional  ad- 
vice to  his  clients  we  can  easily  understand. 

It  was  for  the  bench  that  the  qualifications  of  Judge  Farrar  pre- 
eminently fitted  him.  His  exact  knowledge  on  all"  subjects,  and 
especially  in  the  department  of  jurisprudence,  combined  witli  his 
unimpassioncd  candor,  i-endered  him  the  man  to  whom  mi^rht  safely 
be  confided  the  great  power  of  that  responsible  office.  The  scales 
of  justice  were  held  in  untrembling  steadiness. 

During  his  entire  professional  life,  and  to  the  last,  the  pen  of 
Judge  Farrar  was  consecrated  to  the  public  welfare.  Articles  for  the 
daily  and  weekly  papers  were  habitual.  Our  most  valuable  quar- 
terlies have  been  enriched  by  his  contributions.  Among  the  many 
articles  of  this  kind  may  be  mentioned,  "Review  of  the^Drcd  Scott 
Case'^'  in  1857,  and  the  "Trial  of  the  Constitution,"'  in  l^sGS,  in  the 
KortJi  American.  Review;  articles  on  the  "xVdequacy  of  the  Con- 
stitution," "  State  rights,"  and  "Power  of  Congress  over  the  Tem- 
tories,"  in  the  Xeic-Englander,  in  1862,— most  of  which  were 
published  separately. 

In  1819  he  published  th^  "Dartmouth  College  Case,"^  "a  volume 
now  rare,  but  among  the  most  valuable  monuments  of  the  judicial 
history  of  the  country."  It  contains  the  only  report  of  the  ereat 
argumtnt  of  Jeremiah  Mason,  and  is  of  intrinsic  worth  as  vindicating 
gi-eat  principles,  that  are  sacred  to  the  friends  of  education,  civil  lib- 
erty and   religious   freedom.     The  case,'  in  the  form  of  a  special 

'  Report  of  the  Case  of  the  Trustees  of  Dartmouth  Colleee  a<-ainst  William  H.  Wood- 
H^^-K  ^^''i.^  and  determmed  in  the  Superior  Court  of  JuTiicature  of  the  State  of  New 
5:l'"'^'^i''';n-?tf*'^5''^J^:  ^^^J-  -^'^'^  oa  En-or  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Uuiad  Sratos, 
^H  "^^  T  -hVw  x-  -'  ^'™'i^l'X  ^-^^T-^r,  Counsellor  at  Law.  Portsmouth,  X.  11.  :  r.ibliih- 
ed  by  John  W  .  Foster,  and  West,  Richardson  &  Lord,  Boston.    [1S19.1    8vo.  pp.  406. 

J.J^^-  ^°il°'^<  "^  ^''^■^'■'  fk^\;  ^^ebster  to  Judge  Farrar,  which  have  reference  to  the  de- 
cision in  the  Dartmouth  College  Case,"  have  never  been  published,  and  may  not  be 
umnterestmg  as  a  part  of  ihe  history  of  the  case.— [Editok  ]  /   uou  uo 

De^^Sik,.  Feb.  2  [1819]. 

A  judgt.  has  been  pronounced  in  oar  favor  this  momin? ;  fire  Judges  out  of  the 
SIX  judges  present  concumng.  I  believe  Judge  Duval  is  the  dissentient.  The  opinion  w;t3 
pronounced  by  the  Clii-t  Justice.  It  was  very  long,  and  reasoned  out  from  step  to  step. 
It  did  not  cite  niscs.  I  understand  an  opinion  has  also  been  drawn  bv  Judjje  Story,  which 
will  probably  be  given  to  the  reporter.  Yrs,  in  Court, 

D.  Webstke. 

My  Deas  Sir,  Washington,  February  9, 1819. 

„  A.  *_•  J  ^^^^  thought  I  would  sav  a  word  to  vou.  about  preventing  the  Newspa- 
pers from  triumphing  too  much,  on  the  results  of  this  cause.  It  is  our  true  wisdom  to  enjoy 
our  victor>-  witn  moderation^  It  is  great  indeed,  and  needs  no  rioiirisli  of  trumpets  to  usher 
m  the  annunciation  ot  it     On  all  accts.  a  moderate  and  di-niiied  course  becomes  us.    We 


VOL.  XXLS.  21* 


230  Timothy  Fo.rrar,  LL.B.  [July, 

verdict,  upon  ■jvliic-h  the  appeal  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Unltcil 
States  was  based,  was  drawn  by  him,  as  counsel. 

It  was,  however  to  a  later  period  in  the  life  of  Judge  Farrar,  that 
was  reserved  his  crowninp;  work.  Ills  old  age  was  one  of  rare  in- 
terest, of  beauty,  of  suhllniity.  The  normal  imjierfectlons  of  the 
animal  organism,  the  cill'CL  of  age,  were  not  attended  with  impaired 
intellectual  vigor.  The  great  work  of  his  life,  and  which  has  made 
him  an  honor  to  his  country  and  his  age,  the  ''  jNlanual  of  the  Con- 
stitution," was  written  after  three  score  years  and  ten  had  passed 
away.  His  well-trained  judicial  eye  had  seen  with  regi'et  the  distor- 
tions of  the  constitution  of  the  United  States  by  partisan  politicians 
and  jurists,  in  their  efforts,  as  he  thought,  to  force  that  sidjlime  in- 
strument into  the  support  of  slavery  and  state  sovereignty.  The 
agitation  of  the  slavery  question  quickened  his  spirit  into  earnest 
activity.  In  the  calm  energy  of  his  well-instructed  mind,  he  at- 
tempted the  herculean  task  of  turning  back  that  tidal  wave  of  political 
and  judicial  perversion  that  was  beai'ing  forward  on  its  swollen  crest 
and  preparing  to  spread  over  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  land  that 
gi'eatest  curse  of  our  race,  chattel  slavery.  For  this  end  he  wrote 
his  "  Manual  of  the  Cous^titution."  I'his  work,  so  far  as  relates  to 
the  questions  of  American  slavery  and  state  sovereignty,  was  the 
enlargement  of  his  previous  papers  on  these  subjects,  and  the  general 
promulgation  of  his  views  had  an  important  effect  upon  public 
sentiment  and  upon  Congress. 

It  is  nut  to  be  expected  that  Judge  Farrar's  interpretation  of  the 
Constitution  will  counnand  the  a[){)roval  of  all,  but  it  is  believed  to  be 
the  ablest  exposition  of  our  fundamental  law  that  has  ever  emanated 
from  that  school  of  interpreters  of  which  Hamilton  is  confessedly  the 
chief.  In  point  of  style,  expression  and  logical  argumentation,  it 
may  safely  challenge  comparison  with  any  papers  in  the  Federalist. 

That  we  have  not  overestimated  the  hnporance  of  the  ]\[anual,  we 
might  quote  the  opinions  of  many  eminent  m.en  ;  the  following,  how- 
ever, from  the  pen  of  one  whom  we  all  delight  to  honor,  will  perhaps 
be  sufficient : 

"  Senate  Chamber, 
« My  dear  Sir,  ^     ^  '  "  loth  July,  '67. 

"  I  am  much  olvli^ied  by  your  kindness  in  sending  me  a  copy  of  your 
Manual  of  the  Coustitution ;  but  I  am  more  obliged  to  you  for  writing  it. 

one  of  the  other  canse«,  hnt  I  do  not  think  he  will  nttempt  it.  T  shall  endcaTor  to  get  the 
Jadgt.  entered  as  of  last  term  in  the  r:i.-o  of  Mr.  Wood\v:ird.  In  the  other  cases  I  hope  to 
get  a  ceniticate  tliat  shall  cnaMc  Jiid:.'o  Story  to  Unuw  what  to  do  \\\i\\  them  in  Mav. 

The  Court  is  pressing  aloiv,'  with  the  hn.'^iiic-s.  Jiic!;,'e  Boll's  car.so  will  come  on  on 
"Wednesday.  To-mi.rrow  is  t!ie  <|m:-tii>n  of  the  con-titutionalirv  of  the  "Bankrapt  Laws  of 
the  States.  1  think  it  iikoiy  the  Qmirl  will  sit  till  Mar<-h  lOth.  The  Circuit  Court  bill  seems 
not  likely  to  pass.  An  attrniiit  will  l,e  made  for  the  Bankrnpt  bill,  I  fear  unsuccessfullv. 
In  my  0|iinion  this  is  a.poor  Con_'n>';  for  hiisinoss. 

A  horrihle  duel  was  fou.:lit  ye-i.-rday  near  here,  ln^tn-ccn  Genl.  Mason,  and  Mr.  McCarty 
—the  quarrel  arose  at  an  oicetioii  two  years  a^o.  The  parties  fotiirht  with  muskets,  loaded 
with  th;ee  hui!-ts,  as  is  •^a;d.  at  adi.-rance  of  ten  feet— Mason  fell— his  adversary  cscaned 
■ffUh  a  small  hurt.   Taken  in  dl  its  cireuiii'tances  it  was  the  bloo.licst  aifair  I  have'heard'of. 

If  Mr.  Majou  has  returned  from  Dover  Court,  plen<e  show  him  thia. 

Yrs,  D.  Webstek. 


1875.]  Timothy  Farrar,  LL.D.  231 

"  Such  a  IManual  is  needed  to  correct  the  false  interpretp.tlons  -which  have 
been  fastened  on  the  Constitution.  Tlie  clearness  and  weight  of  your  lan- 
guage cuuiiot  fail  to  impress  the  reader. 

"  Your  book  signnlir-^s  tl'.'''  great  chang(j  in  our  history.  Such  a  system 
of  constitutional  law  w'ould  have  found  lirtle  favor  only  a  short  time  ago.  I 
trust  it  will  1);!  goncr-illy  accepted  now.  Accept  my  thanks  and  congratula- 
tions, and  believe  me,  dear  Sir,  faithfully  yours. 

"Charles  Sumner." 

In  addition  to  wliat  is  implied  in  the  above,  it  is  due  to  truth  to 
name  other  methods  by  which  in  detail,  the  venerable  man,  from  the 
noiseless,  and  save  to  a  few,  unknown  retirement  where  his  great 
mind  and  heart  were  at  work,  inliucnccd  the  current  of  the  nation's 
histoiy.  It  was  a  common  practice  of  Mr.  Sumner,  while  a  member 
of  Congress,  in  emergencies,  to  seek  aid  of  Judge  Farrar.    Thus  :  "  I 

should  like  to  introduce  a  bill Will  you  draw  such  a 

bill,  with  all  professional  machinery?  I  hope  I  do  not  take  too  great 
a  liberty  in  appealing  to  you  for  this  aid."  Some  of  these  bills  vrere 
passed  without  change  ;  others  after  amendment. 

Nor  were  such  requests  made  by  Mr.  Sumner  alone.  The  Hon. 
"Willinm  AYhitIng,  when  connected  with  the  war  department,  made 
his  appeals  also,  ai.d  in  one  letter  now  before  us,  wrote  an  urgent 
request  to  Judge  FaiTar,  directing  his  attention  to  a  recent  publica- 
tion, which  he  thought,  as  did  his  friends  at  AV'ashington,  was  mis- 
representing and  injuring  the  government  and  should  be  answered ; 
and  he  pressed  Judge  Farrar  to  render  to  liis  country  the  sen-ice ; 
adding,  "I  know  of  no  man  who  has  the  power  to  do  it  so  well  as 
yourself."  We  name  these  facts  to  show  the  character  and  reputa- 
tion of  Judge  Fan-ar,  and  also  the  opportunities  which  a  beneficent 
Providence  furnished  him,  for  doing  good  to  his  country. 

In  his  religion  Judge  Farrar  was  not  a  sectarian,  but  a  Christian. 
Subjectively  his  religion  was  not  an  "experience"  of  the  emoti(jnal, 
procured  by  some  mysterious  cause.  It  was  a  deep  and  practiced 
principle  of  obedience  to  God,  that  left  the  conscience  void  of  offence, 
and  thus  gave  free  play  to  the  natural  sentiments  of  love  and  confi- 
dence and  sympathy  towards  God, — a  "  fellowship  with  the  Father 
and  with  his  Son  Jesus  Christ."  Flis  religion  had  its  commence- 
ment in  early  life,  and  thus  by  a  normal  development  of  this,  in 
connection  with  all  the  other  elements  of  character,  attained  to  rare 
symmetry  and  completeness. 

He  united  with  the  Congregational  Church  when  a  member  of  Dart- 
mouth College,  and  retained  his  membership  in  that  denomination 
during  life,  yet  with  a  heart  that  knew  only  and  everywhere  the  bond 
of  Christian  brotherhood. 

The  Lible  was  accepted  by  him  as  inspired  of  God,  and  was,  from 
his  childhood,  read  with  reverence ;  and  the  commonly  received  in- 
teq>retations  of  its  teachings  were  not  called  in  question.  But  in 
the  latter  period  of  his  life,  he  shared  largely  in  that  inspiring  influ- 


232  Timothy  Farrar,  LL.B.  [July, 

ence  wLich  has  so  extensively  led  the  more-  intellectual  class  of 
religious  men  to  a  reexamination  of  the  Bible.  With  leisure,  with 
the  vigor  of  his  intellect  unimpaired,  with  tlie  habit  of  nice  discrimi- 
nation acquired  ai  rhe  bar,  and  of  calm  and  candid  estimates  practiced 
on  the  bench,  ho  wo.s  eminently  fitted  for  an  inde})endent  and  original 
examination  of  the  eacred  voJuaie.  lie  proceeded  on  the  hypothesis 
that  the  Bible  contains  a  system  of  religious  truth,  in  its  facts,  and 
is  capable  of  systematic  con:<triiction  ;  also  a  truthful  record  of  the 
methods  which  Infinite  Wisdom  had  employed  for  the  development, 
and  especially  for  the  religious  development  of  the  race  from  its  ear- 
liest infimcy  to  the  Messiah.  It  was  also  assumed  that  an  inspired 
volume  of  religious  truth  must  of  course  stand  in  tnie  correlation  to 
the  human  mind  as  capable  of  moral  and  religious  functions  ;  so  that 
the  sacred  pages  could  be  correctly  interpreted  only  by  him,  who 
should  bring  to  the  work  a  correct  and  well  defined  system  of  ethics. 
But  such  system  there  was  not,  and  the  clear  mind  of  Judge  Farrar 
could  but  see  that  those  foggy  and  hopeless  things  falsely  called  moral 
philosophy,  so  far  from  aflurding  light  to  the  common  mind,  only  in- 
volved it  in  deeper  darkness.  It  interrupted  the  function  of  intui- 
tional convictions,  which,  but  for  such  interruption,  would  have  led 
to  a  tolerably  just  appreciation  of  the  sacred  word. 

What  was  to  be  done  ?  The  mind  that  could  exhume  the  Consti- 
tution of  his  country  from  the  accumulations  of  error  in  which  it  was 
imbedded,  could  attempt  the  same  thing  for  the  Bible.  The  first  step 
was  to  sei;:e  th-  few  and  sim])le  principles  that  are  the  basis  of  ethics. 
He  came  to  the  conclusion  that  "  God  is  love,"  or  that  benevolence, 
whose  correlate  is  the  happiness  of  all ;  and  that  right  is  that  in  the 
agency  of  God  or  his  creatures  Avhich  is  adapted  to  that  end ;  wrono-, 
the  opposite.  ° 

In  his  analysis  of  the  divine  moral  government  he  eliminated 
penalty.  Penalty  is  the  evil  threatened  anc'  inflicted  upon  the  trans- 
gressors of  civil  law,  and  is  an  indispensable  element  in  civil 
government,  which  is  not  a  moral  government  but  simply  the  admin- 
istration of  physical  force  for  the  protection  of  the  community.  The 
sufferings  of  men  under  the  Divine  Providence  are  admonitory  and 
reformatory,  and  he  could  see  no  reason  why  this  should  not  be  true 
of  the  coming  world  as  of  this ;  and  further,  that  in  the  future,  as  in 
this  world,  there  was  no  necessity  of  penalty  to  forbid  the  re- 
conciliation of  man,  when  penitent,  to  his  Maker. 

With  this  theory,  the  ciuiracter  of  God  appeared  lovely,  without 
a  repelling  element,  and  the  government  of  God,  seen  in 'this  li>-Tht," 
did  not  require  of  man  that  he  should  crush  down  and  trample  Tnto 
silence  the  most  innate  and  intuitional  convictions  of  the  soul. 

With  these  preliminary  attainments,  the  venerable  patriarch  went 
to  the  sacred  volume.  Tiic  Hebrew  he  did  not  read,  but  the  Greek 
was  at  his  service,  so  that  the  leaves  of  the  Xew  Testament  were 
laid  out  before  him  in  the  clear  light  of  the  original  inspiration.     He 


1875.]  Edward  Gibbon  and  Thomas  Jefferson.  233 

read  the  Bible,  much  as  three  score  years  and  ten  before  he  read 
Blackstone ;  he  read  it  to  Icara  by  direct  inspection  the  import  of 
its  pages.  Durini::;  the  hi.st  years  of  his  Hfe,  this  t^tudy  of  the  JiibJc 
was  almost  his  sole  employment.     It  was  his  "ruling  passion." 

Judire  Farrur  died  at  his  residence,  iNlount  Dowdoin,  Boston, 
on  the  27tli  of  October,  1874,  in  the  eighty-seventh  year  of  his  age, — 
at  peace  with  God,  and,  so  far  as  we  know,  in  charity  with  all 
men. 


w 


EDWAED   GIBBON  AND  THOMAS  JEFFERSON. 

By  Aeram  E.  Cuttek,  Esq.  of  Boston. 
AS  Edward  Gibbon,  the  famous  wo-iter  of  ancient  history,  con- 


nected by  family  ties  with  Thomas  Jefferson ,  the  great  actor 
in  modern  history  ? 

I  find,  i!i  one  of  Sir  Egerton  Brydges's  works,  "The  Lake  of 
Geneva,  a  Poem,  iMoral  and  Descriptive,  with'*Notes  Historical  and 
Biographical,"  published  in  Geneva,  Switzerland,  in  1832,  some 
lines,  and  an  explanatory  note,  wliich  certainly  answers  the  above 
interrogatory  in  the  affirmative.  I  do  not  find  that  any  of  Jefferson  a 
biographers  make  reference  to  such  a  connection.  Jefferson,  him- 
self, in  liis  autobiography  refers  in  an  incredulous,  and  rather  an  in- 
different way,  to  traces  of  a  pedigree  on  his  mother's  side  far  back 
in  England  and  Scotland.  Self-reliant  democrat  that  he  was,  and 
occupied  through  a  busy  life  with  matters  of  great  public  mom.ent, 
he  did  not  devote  much  attention  to  family  genealogy ;  yet  there  is 
no  doubt  that  he  would  have  acceded  to  the  following  just  remarks 
of  the  accomplished  writer  of  this  poem,  who  did  place  a  high  esti- 
mate on  such  investigations,  and  was  a  devoted  delver  in  pedigrees  : 
"A  due  consciousness  of  illustrious  descent  ought  to  be  a  perpetual 
talisman,  rnd  a  perpetual  impidse.  It  ought  at  once  to  be  a  spur 
to  rival  the  past,  and  a  memento  of  responsibihty  for  the  conduct  of 
succeecUno:  generations  :  it  ouijht  to  brin2:  with  it  the  constant  recol- 
lection  that  the  possessors  posterity  may  thus  inherit  the  disposition 
to  pursue  glory  rather  than  selfish  gains  !  " — Gnomica,  p.  44. 

The  part  of  the  poem  referred  to,  commences  with  Book  HI. 

Over  thine  Eastern  head,  O  Lake,  how  grand 

Lausanne,  her  ancient  holy  spires  erects  ! 

I  need  not  trace  her  history  :  but  Britons 

Ever  associate  it  ^ith  Gibbon's  name  ! — 

A  name  now  universal ! — 1  can  trace  it 

With  selfish  fondness  from  its  private  source, 

On  the  white  clirls,  wh-.^ro  Dover"??  frowninLf  towers 

O'erlook  the  ocean  of  the  straits,  that  separate  us 


234  Edward  Gihhon  and  Thomas  Jefferson.  [July, 

From  rival  Gaul.    There,  havinf^f  clinib'd  the  heights, 

That  from  the  town  wash'cl  liy  the  waves  ascend, 

With  pantinj:^  labour  ; — loavinc;  on  our  rii,dit 

The  tower,  the  draw-bridge,  and  !;ia:;intic  walla 

Of  the  stupendous  Cantle,  ever  noted 

In  all  the  jKiire.s  of  old  Eni^laud'.s  annals, 

On  a  light  chalky  soil  we  Journey  northward, 

A  little  inwaid  from  the  fearful  edcrc 

Of  those  tremendous  clilfs,  which  Shakspere's  pea 

Forever  has  iuunortalized  : — a  scatter'd 

Hamlet  and  humble  church, — where  from  the  rim 

That  overlooks  the  dashing  billows,  slopes, 

From  the  clitf  westerly,  the  sheepwalk, — stands  : 

And  close  adjoining  the  obscure  remains 

Of  the  old  manor-house.     How  little  now 

Are  these  to  outward  siglit  !    But  the  creative 

Mind  beholds  in  them  a  most  noble  spot ; 

The  source,  the  cradle  of  a  mighty  genius  ; 

Nor  will  it  doubt,  that  when  the  rural  lords 

Were  wandering  o'er  these  ocean-misted  fields, 

la  days  of  the  Tudorian  Princess,  or 

Under  the  feeble  but  tyrannic  rod 

Of  Scotish  Stuart's  race,  to  vulgar  eyes 

Only  like  rival  squires  of  idouuh-tail  memory, 

That  in  their  brains  the  fruitful  seeds  were  working 

Of  future  Eu-opean  eminence  ! 

How  have  I  frac'd  them  in  the  parish  records 
With  a  fond  microscopic  industry. 
Which  fools  and  half-philosophers  call  dull ! 
There  the  great  grandsire  of  the  younger  stock 
Whence  sprurg  th'  Historian,  planted  his  young  offset 
From  an  old  root,  as  antifjuaries  tell  us 
Of  credit  in  cotemporary  days. 

The  poem  then  goes  on  to  give  an  account  of  the  author's  visit,  in 
his  early  days,  to  the  old  manor-house  in  "VVestcliffe,  and  extends  the 
history  of  its  ancient  occupants,  tracing  their  descent  from 

The  first  royalty  of  proud  Plantagenet : 

And  its  source  e'en  higher  than  that  namt 

Of  glorious  feudal  splendor  I    For  the  searcher 

Of  genealogical  sagacity 

Will  trace  it  as  a  lineal  male  descendant 

Of  the  first  race  of  Merovingian  kings  ! 

And  hence  Jerusalem  in  the  first  Crusades 

Drew  its  third  Monarch. 

Another  long  digression  follo-vvs  gi"ving  traces  of  the  Gibbon  family, 
and  then  bringing  together  different  branches  of  it  at  an  imaginary 
meeting  in  the  manor-house  as  follows  : 

Meantime  Westcliffe's  old  Hall  receiv'd  at  intervals 
The  congregated  branches  :  to  the  cliffs 
They  wander'd,  and  in  half-regretful  memory 
Heard  the  waves  beat  beneath  them,  and  beheld 
The  white  cliffs  and  the  glittering  towers  of  Calais 
Across  the  tumbling  tides  in  beautiful 
And  heart-arousing  colo\irs  lift  themselves  ! 
Then  oft  they  stroll'd  to  ga/e  upon  the  Castle, 
Or  to  the  busy  town  beneath,  whose  harbour 


1875.]  Edward  Gibbon  and  Thomas  Jefferson,  235 

Crowded  with  entrances  and  exits,  ever 

Supplied  a  raovinfr,  rich  varict}-. 

And  much  they  talk'd  of  their  ascending  hopes  ; 

And  of  their  rival  children  ;  and  tho  firo 

That  shone  already  in  their  eyes,  when  fitmc 

And  wealth  and  honours,  and  the  distant  grandeur, 

1'hat  far  beyor.d  the  bounds  of  provinces 

Of  petty  circuit,  stretch'd  to  grasp  the  world^ 

And  in  dim  vision  they  beheld  the  glories 

That  after  ou  their  proud  posterity 

Should  fall  1 

And  here  the  fortune-teller  came, 
And  taking  an  unmarried  damsel's  hand, 
And  archly  looking  in  her  timid  eye. 
Said  :  "  Fair  cue,  there  is  gloom  upon  thy  countenance 
ilix'd  with  those  streaks  of  glowing  light,  which  laugh 
Kosily  through  the  clouds  1 
I  do  not  say  these  streaks  of  light  shall  conquer, 
And  keep  ofl'evil  from  thy  future  fate  : — 
Ituch  shalt  thou  have  to  eufler  !    Yet  infus'd 
Into  thy  cup  shall  also  be  much  joy  I 
E'en  here  upon  thy  natal  spot  shalt  thou 
Know  some  few  years  of  pleasure  in  a  love 
Not  unbecoming  thee  !     But  yet  it  shall 
Be  mix'd  with  cares,  and  terrors,  and  distractions, 
And  much  thy  thoughtless,  but  good-natur'd  husband 
,      Shall  waste  ;  and  shall  at  last  exhaust  the  patience 
Of  friends  as  well  as  foes  ;  and  then  shall  Ruin 
Come  irrecoverable  ;  and  sweep  all  ! 
And  then  again  v,-ith  weeping  and  convuls'd 
Embraces  shalt  thou  be  withdrawn  away, 
"With  all  thy  little  ones,  across  th'  Atlantic, 
And  in  American  woods  among  barbarians 
End  thy  last  days  !   O  weep  not,  sigh  not,  tremble  not ! 
Thou  art  a  young  enthusiast,  and  thou  lovest 
Glory  ;  and  dost  delight  to  make  the  future 
Over  the  present  rule  !    Then  let  the  flame 
Of  hope  upon  that  swelling  bosom  play  ! 
For  of  those  little  ones,  who  by  thy  side 
"Will  weeping  hang,  and,  when  the  stormy  howl 
Of  billows  o'er  thy  rolling  vessel  breaks, 
Will  shriek,  and  clasp  thee,  and  for  help  from  thee 
Uselessly  call,  shall  come  a  future  race, 
"Whose  sway  shall  o'er  the  northern  Continent, 
Thy  destiny,  be  mighty  !  and  whose  name, 
"When  future  empires,  threatning  the  old  world, 
Shall  rise  among  the  most  renown'd,  shall  shine  ; 
And  Randolph's  race, — and  of  their  female  blood 
Intrepid  patriot  Jeflerson, — shall  trace 
Their  blood  to  thee  ! ''    Thus  ended,  the  proud  maid 
A  golden  tribute  to  the  palm  applied. 

Then  smihng  came  a  comrade,  on  the  arm 
Of  the  fair  damsel  leaning  ;  from  the  stock. 
And  of  the  name,  who  from  the  town  below 
The  castle,  came  that  day  upon  a  visit. 
"And  thou  too  pretty  one,  went  on  the  Gipsey, 
"  Wilt  hear  thy  fortune  I — well ;  it  shall  be  told  ; 
"  And  thou  wilt  not  repent  it.'' 

Here  follow  traces  of  different  branched  of  the  Gibbon  family, 


236  Udward  Gilhon  and  Thomas  Jefferson.  [July, 

forecast  into  tlie  future,  -vvlierem  tlie  Historian  is  brought  upon  the 
Btage  and  made  to  play  liis  part. 

In  one  of  the  notes  to  the  Pocra  is  the  follcvN-ing : 
"  Gibbon|s  great  grandfadicr,  Matthcv  Gibbon,  was  born  at  "Westcliffe, 
on  the  hriglirs  about  titrce  miles  northward  beyond  Dover  Castle;  Edward 
Gibbon,  elder  brother  of  Mattliew,  waa  father  of  Jane,  paternal  grandmother 
of  the  writer  of  this  poem.  Edward's  second  wife  (a  cousin  of  the  same 
name)  was  by  a  second  marriage,  mother  of  Lord  Chancellor  Hardwicke. 
A  sister  of  Edward  and  Matthew  married  a  Randolph,  and  thence  sprung 
the  Randolphs  and  JetTersons  of  North  America." 

And  in  another  note  treating  of  Gibbon's  pedigree  : 

"  I  suppose  the  manor  of  "Westcliffe  descended  by  gavelkind  among  all  the 
sons ;  for  Matthew  had  a  share  in  it.     I  have  a  letter  of  his  regardir.g  the 
distress  for  rent,  when  Randolph,  who  married  one  of  the  sisters,  fied  to 
'  America." 

I  find  also  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  of  1797,  in  an  article  con- 
tributed by  Sir  Egerton,  this  additional  information  : 

"Jane  Gibbon,  born  1640,  nurricd  Edward  Randolph,  and  had  several 
children,  of  whom,  Deborah  married  Thomas  Smith,  of  Maidstone,  IM.D. 
Tradition  relate?-,  that  Mr.  Randolph  having  for  some  years  rented  the  man- 
eion  and  estate  at  Westcliffe,  till,  by  imprudence,  he  was  involved  in  con- 
siderable arrears  of  rent,  fled  to  America  where  he  founded  a  family,  who 
have  made  some  figure  in  the  Congn-ss  there,"     Rage  1107,  2d  part. 

Now,  if  these  statements  of  Sir  Egerton  be  compared  with  Jef- 
ferson's own  accouni  of  his  family,  it  will  be  seen  that  they  form  a 
context  not  improbable  thereto.  I  copy  the  follo\Adng  from  his 
autobiography  : 

"  The  first  particular  information  I  have  of  any  ancestor  was  of  my  grand- 
father, who  lived  at  the  place  in  Chesterfield  called  Ozborne's,  and  owned 
the  lands  afterwards  the  glebe  of  the  parish.  He  had  three  sons :  Thomas 
who  died  young.  Field  who  settled  on  the  waters  of  the  Roanoke  and  lefit 
numerous  descendants,  and  Peter,  my  father,  wh  )  settled  on  the  lands  I  still 
own,  called  Shadwell,  ailjoining  my  present  residence.  He  was  born  Feb'y 
29,  1707-8,  and  intermarried  17.'3'J,  with  Jane  Randolph,  of  the  age  of  19, 
daughter  of  Isham  Randolph,  one  of  the  seven  sons  of  that  name  and  family, 
Eittled  at  Dimgeoness  in  Goochland.  They  trace  their  pedigree  far  back 
in  Eugland  and  Scotland,  to  which  let  every  one  ascribe  the  faith  and  merit 
he  chooses." 

That  the  Randolphs  did  have  the  pedigree  thus  referred  to  by  Jef- 
ferson, and  that  it  was  an  ancient  and  higtJy  honorable  one,  these 
extracts  I  have  given  from  Sir  Egerton's  Poem  and  Notes  go  to 
prove.  Jefferson,  through  his  mother,  might  have  traced  it  to  the 
Gibbon  family,  and  through  that  family  to 

"  The  first  royalty  of  proud  Plantagenet  : 
And  its  source  e'en  hi!:rhcr  than  that  name 
Of  glorious  feudal  splendor  I  " 

Names,  too,  given  to  family  localities  in  our  country  often  suggest 
traces  of  the  homes  left  in  England,  and  it  is  fair  to  infer  that  the 


1875.]        Edward  Winslow  to  John  Winthrop,  1G44.  237 

Randolplis  frnvc  tlic  name  of  Duii^eness  to  tlieir  Virginia  home  from 
the  old  huiulland  iu  the  county  of  Kent  of  th;it  name. 

All  of  Sir  Egcrtou  r>ry(li:,cs's  works  were  puljlisihed-  in  limited  edi- 
tions, and  those  puhlislied  on  the  continent  were  very  few  in  numljcr. 
JMy  copy  of  the  poem  I  purchased  in  Geneva  in  the  summer  of  1673. 
It  is  in  two  volumes  quarto,  and  has  announced  ou  the  cover  that 
-twenty-five  only  were  jtrintcd.  There  is  however  an  edition  in  small 
octavo,  but  I  have  no  mcaus  of  knowing  how  many  copies  of  this  v>'ere 
printed.  Volume  one  contains  the  poem,  and  volume  two  is  occu- 
pied wholly  with  th(|  notes.  ]Many  distinguished  jiersonages  whose 
names  are  associated  with  the  city  and  lake  of  Geneva  are  introduced, 
and  much  vahialde  biographical  and  historical  matter  is  given.  It 
contains  a  dedication  to  AVordsworth  and  Southey,  which  ends  with 
•the  following  lines  : 

"  Thus  on  the  verge  of  sixty-nine  sad  years 
I  yet  may  tV'nrlessly  the  lyre  i-csoumj. 
And  on  the  Tombs  oi'micjhty  Bards  (-f  yore 
Sing  hymns,  that  shall  their  airy  Spirits  soothe  !  " 

Sir  Egcrton  in  his  autobiography  states  that  very  few  copies  of  the 
Poem  have  reached  England.  His  great  reputation  as  a  writer  and 
genealogist, — his  novel  treatment  of  pedigrees  in  verse,  and  the.  in- 
teresting statements  made  Avhich  connect  by  ties  of  blood  the  famous 
writer  of  the  Decline  and  Fall  of  the  ftoman  Empire,  with  one  of 
the  most  noted  actors  in  the  Rise  and  Progress  of  a  great  liepublic, 
cannot  fail  to  render  these  extracts  of  interest,  and  it  is  ho|>ed 
they  may  lead  to  farther  investigation  by  some  of  our  competent 
jrenealoa'ists. 


LETTERS    FR0:M   GOV.  EDWARD  WIXSLOW  TO  GOV. 

JOHN  WIXTHROP  IX  1G44,  IX  RELATIOX  TO 

EARLY  MATTERS    IN  CONNECTICUT. 

Comraanicated  by  Fef.deric  Kidder,  Esq.,  of  Melrose. 

Honored  S"' 

Yo"  of  the  21.  (1)  43.  I  rec'^  &  haue  imputed  it  to  my 
p'tner  m'  Collier.*  And  p'ceiue  we  are  like  to  haue  some  trowble 
about  the  controversie  between  Ilartfort  &  the  Dutch.  The  I'rs 
from  the  Swedes*  S:  Dutch  I  rec*^  &  haue  paused  them,  &  according 
to  yo'  desire  haue  returned  them  w'^  such   advice  as  the  Lord  ena- 

^  The  ori\:rin:il  mannscript  from  which  this  i.-t  printed  is  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Kidder. 
It  is  copied  tor  the  RjiGisXEEi  by  William  B.  Tkask,  Esa.,  and  Dayid  Pclsifer,  A.M. 
— [Editor.] 

2  William  Collier  was  then  associated  with  Mr.  Winslow  as  commissioner  of  the  United 
Colonies  from  Ply  month. 

3  No  do'.ihr  the  letter  from  the  Swedes  is  that  from  Gov.  Printz  printed  in  the  article 
entitled,  ''  The  Swcd-'s  on  t!ic  Dciuwiire  and  tlieir  Intercourse  with  New-England,'"  in  the 
Register,  xxviii.  pp.  43-9. 

VOL.  XXIX.  21 


238  Edicard  Winsloic  to  John  VTinthropy  1644.  [July, 

blcth  me  for  answcrc.  AnJ  first  for  the  Dutcli  I  obscrue  he  writcth 
^yth  rr^.t  haughtiues  of  spirit,  full  of  confidence  (a^  you  say)  yet 
marvell  that  a  gent  so  well  l;rcad  so  great  .1  traveller  &  go.  of  so 
great  exp'Ience  should  not  he  more  moderate  iu  writing  especially 
in  so  publikc  a  Nvay,  witues  his  uncivill  termcs  to^yards  m'  Hopkins'* 
&c.  -whom  we  all  know  to  be  a  man  that  makes  conscience  of  his 
words  as  well  as  his  accons.  To  many  of  the  jjassages  by  him  hecr 
related  I  can  say  notliing,  oncly  they  agree  too  well  w'*"  cotnon  ifamo 
&  I  leare  our  bru  of  Hartford  will  be  found  faulty  in  them  whoso- 
ever shall  haue  the  hearing  of  it.  yet  am  ready  to  make  good  evei-y 
p''ticle  of  that  EclacO  w'""  I  gauc  upon  the  solemn  request  first  of 
yo''  gen.  Court,  ^!t  then  of  the  Comissioners,  in  regard  of  my  experi- 
rnentall  knowledge  of  tiie  first  beginnings  of  them  t*i  us  in  Concc- 
tacut.  to  Vi"'-^  also  I  added  certaine  tilings  w"*"  I  had  from  Liueten' 
Holmes'*  who  was  over  our  people  there.  fFor  his  answer  to  w'  I 
affirme  by  that  geuerall  w"'^-  he  bringeth  (if  I  should  grant  all  he  sth 
how  short  it  weare  you  may  easily  judge  who  to  my  best  remem- 
brance meddle  not  at  all  w""  any  passages  between  them  after  they 
came  to  clash  together.  He  saith  June  the  6'^  1638  that  /  ivovAd 
not  defend  the  Hartford  mens  cause  for  they  had  hitherto  {or 
thus  long)  wrony^d  the  Dutch.  That  I  spake  somewhat  tending 
thereunto  I  acknowledge,  ffor  m'  "Whiting  &  myselfe  beino-  at  dinner 
■w*''  him  at  his  table.  He  flew  out  upon  me  (tho'  unseasonably  bein-^ 
courteous  both  before  &  after  to  me)  &  charged  me  to  be  the  man 
had  more  wronged  the  Dutch  then  any  otlaer  by  o-ivin^-  the  first 
coinis.  to  the  Engl,  (being  then  Gov'"  of  Ply m.)  to  disturbe  them 
at  Coneetacutt  who  were  possessed  before  us  &c.  But  when  I  had 
taken  off  this  charge  c<:  returned  the  wrong  upon  themselues  &  called 
Capt.  Curio'  being  one  of  those  fine  at  dinner  w'^  us  to  witnes  many 
things.     Capt.  C.  replied  : 

The  tnith  is  w*  m''  Winslow  saith  S''  is  tnie  nor  haue  we  that  cawse 
to  complaine  of  them  as  of  others,  nay  they  haue  as  much  cawse 
to  coplaine  of  Winsor  as  we  haue  of  Ilartford,  for  looke  how  the 
one  dealeth  w""us  so  doe  the  other  w"*  them,  &c.  whereupon  he  turneth 
againe  to  me  w""  Violence  But  will  you  justefie  Hartford  men 
(briefely  charging  them  w'*"  many  of  the  things  in  his  I'r)  nav  sez 
he  there  sits  the  man  next  to  you  whose  howse  stands  upon  our 
ground  &  hath  thus  &  thus  abused  us  &Q,.  To  w"*"  I  replied  Xo  S" 
I  will  not  justefie  Hartford  men    Tis  suffic.  I  can  justefie  our  owu 

•  Edward  Hopkins,  of  Ilartford,  who  alternated  with  John  Haynes  for  many  years  as 
governor  of  Connecticut  colony, 

^  Lieut.  William  Homes  was  sent  with  an  armed  force  hy  the  PIrmouth  authorities  in 
the  fall  of  1633  to  establish  a  tradini:  house  on  the  Connecticut  river."  He  afterwards  served 
in  the  Pc'iuot  war,  and  returning  to  Enirland  did  service  in  the  civil  war.  He  c;ime  a::ain 
to  New-Enirland,  and  died  in  Boston,  Nov.  12,  16 i9.  An  abstract  of  his  will  is  printed  in 
the  Register,  vii.  230. 

'  Probably  Jacob  van  Curicr.  See  BrodheaJ'3  iV«c-FurA,  i.  2Zict  3eq.  ;  O'Calla^han's 
New  Netherlands,  i.  154,  et  scq. 


1875.]        Edward  Winslow  to  John  Winthrop,  1644.  239 

p^ceedings.  But^P  "Whiting'  Is  of  age  let  him  speak  for  Inniselfe. 
And  this  I  added  further  to  it  tliat  not  onely  my  eelfe  Lut  many 
English  did  cuncciue  the  Dutcli  had  hard  measure  from  tlicm  in 
sundry  p'tlculars  if  things  A\'erc  true  y'  were  rep»jrted.  And  tliis  was 
all  I  spake  to  the  utmost  of  my  remem!>rance.  And  tliese  were  my 
words  the  occasion  beginning  &  end  of  them.  But  what  is  this  to 
answ.  thatlaffirmc.  That  I  had  a  pLace  given  (&  tlie  pLace  we  after 
possessed)  the  ycare  before  the  Dutch  began  in  the  liiver.  That 
the  Dutcli  came  in  l>y  way  of  prevention  &  stept  in  between  us  & 
our  purpose  e*cc.  That  this  was  done  w^'out  spec,  order  ifrO  eitluir 
the  States  or  their  m"  the  West  India  Copany  &  so  confessed  by  C. 
Curio.  That  the  River  was  not  Vacuum  domicilium.  but  inhabited 
the  yeare  before  See.  That  they  bought  of  Tatobam,  whose  title  to 
the  Kiver  was  by  conquest.  That  I  brought  in  Attawanyiat  &  there 
left  hira  where  he  lived  &  died  vpon  the  ground  who  Tatoba  the 
Tyrant  had  before  cxspelled  by  war.  That  this  Attawanyut  by  the 
relaco  of  Liueten'  Holmes  if  he  would  haue  given  way  to  it  would 
haue  cut  oft'  the  Dutch  becawse  tliey  entred  by  Tatobam.  I  cannot, 
remember  all  the  p'ticulars  of  that  I  gaue  under  my  owne  hand  wiit- 
ing  but  one  thing  more  of  gr  consequence  I  call  to  minde  That 
Tatobam  for  so  we  termed  him  after  he  had  chid  me  for  bringing  in 
his  mortall  enemy  &  countenancing  him  as  I  did  would  haue  had 
me  (when  indeed  hee  durst  not  attempt  againe  vpon  him)  to  haue 
given  him  but  a  knife  or  but  an  awle  blade  for  his  consent  to  w'  I  had 
don  w"=^  I  utterly  refused,  &c.  Now  good  S'  I  pray  consider  w'  con- 
tradicco  is  heer  between  my  testimony  given  at  yo''  request  &q.  &, 
either  my  words  as  they  were  by  me  spoken,  or  as  he  pens  them  c^ 
would  haue  them.  But  the  truth  is  I  could  say  more  about  their 
entrance  &  the  unworthines  of  it  if  I  would  bring  our  Gov^  on  the 
stage  but  will  not  Write  it  under  hand  w^'^out  his  leaue.  I  p'ceiue 
there  is  no  likelihood  of  Arbiterm'  heer  bee.  he  conceiues  no  Abitraco 
fai -e  unles  it  be  betAseen  some  lioyall  p'sons  or  invested  w""  su- 
preame  authority,  otherwise  I  should  advise  he  might  haue  notice  of 
our  meeting  next  at  Coneetacut  where  they  haue  a  llbrt  to  receiuo 
hira  as  he  terms  it.  But  if  the  States  favor  the  Parliam*,  it  may 
easily  be  either  there  ended  or  such  Comission  p'"cured  either  to  in- 
forme  them,  there,  or  heer  end  the  controversie  as  hee  demandeth,  I 
suppose  the  late  deputed  Comissioners  notw'^standing  their  weighty 
occasions  in  Enfjl.  would  be  broucrht  to  do  somew'  in  it,  nay  how 
easie  were  it  for  m'  Peeters  to  goe  furnished  w"^  Cotnissio  to  end  it 
in  Holland.  As  for  the  controversie  between  M'  Lamberton  &  them, 
v/e  heare  their  yea  &  his  nay.  nor  doe  I  know  how  we  can  right  our 
fFriends  of  Xew  Haven  in  any  other  way  then  already  by  the  Comis- 
sion you  gaue  the,  unles  he  would  giue  meeting  as  before  w*^*^  I 
conceiue  he  neither  can  no'  will. 

»  William  Whiting,  a  wealthy  merchant  of  Hartford.     He  had  a  trading  house  on  the 
Delaware  river. 


240  JPortraits  and  Busts  in  Brown  University.         [July, 

The  Swedish  L'r  I  liauc  also  paused  it  coucciuc  it  not  the  Morst 
way  to  defer  aiiswcrc  till  you  cither  licaro  aguiuc  from  New  Haven 
or  understand  w'  furco  yo'  Cofnission  hatli  in  those  p'tB.  ffor  I  sup- 
pose its  in  use  ere  now. 

I  thank  you  for  yo'  large  &  painefull  rclacO  of  the  State  of  Engl. 
at  pr'nt.  The  Lord  in  uierey  luoke  vpo  his  peop.  &  help  furv/ard 
his  owne  cawsc.  Thus  saluting  yo'  selfe  &  ^P  Dudley  &C.  in  the 
L.  Jesus  w""  my  due  rcspcets  to  both  of  you  ilC;  all  yo"  ImmLly  take 
leaue  &  remaine  Yo"  till  death 

Marshfield  (2.)    G.  44.  Edw  :  Wixslow. 

[Addressed] .     To    the    right  wp[)ll  his  much  j  honored  ffriend  J. 

lA^inthrop  |  Esq.,   Govern'  of  the  ^Nlasa.  j  these  be     dd. 
[Endorsed].      ]W  Win.^loic  |  about  the  |  Ansi>j :  from  |  the  Sio : 

dc  JDch.  I  2.  6  ra°  1G44  :'  touching  |  the  Dutch.      [The  words  in 

italic  type  are  in  the  hanthvriting  of  Gov.    ^Vintlnrop,   those  in 

roman  in  that  of  Josejih  Hills.] 
(Seal  in  wax.    A  pelican  vulning  herself.) 


PORTRAITvS'  AND  P.USTS  IN  THE  POSSESSION  OF  BEO'^N 
UNIVERSITY,  AND  OF  THE  PROVIDENCE  ATHEN^UM. 

Commumcated  by  David  "W.  IIoyt,  Esq.,  of  Providence,  R.  I. 

I.    Brown  University. 

1.  James  Manning,  first  presideut  of  Brown  University.  Painted 
from  life  by  Cosmo  Alexander,  in  1770. 

2.  Rev.  Dk.  V^'illiam  Rogers,  for  ten  months  tlie  first  and  only 
student  of  Brown  University.  Born,  1751  ;  graduated,  17G9  ;  died,  1824. 
Presented  by  3Iiss  Rogers  in  1SG4.  Copied  from  an  original,  by  his  daugh- 
ter, Eliza  J.  Rogers.     Original  p;iinied  by  Rembrandt  Peale,  in  1795. 

3.  Nicholas  Brown,  the  distinguished  benefactor  of  the  University, 
from  whom  it  derives  its  name.  Born,  1709  ;  graduated,  1786;  died,  1841. 
Painted  from  life  by  Chester  Harding,  in  1836. 

4.  SoLOHON  Drown E,  a  surgeon  in  the  American  army,  and  a  col- 
lege professor.  Born,  1753  ;  graduated,  1773  ;  died,  1834.  Presented  by 
Dr.  Drowne's  family.     Copied  from  an  original,  by  C.  C.  Ingham. 

5.  Tristam  Burges,  the  distinguished  orator  and  statesman.     Born, 

'  The  date  endorsed  by  Mr.  Hills,  nntnely,  the  2d  of  the  6th  [August]  1644,  is  evidently 
wrong.  It  should  be  the6ih  of  tlie  2d  mo.  [Aiiril] ;  for  Winslow  has  enclosed  the  2  in  pa- 
rentheses, and  we  see  by  the  date  at  the  beginniiiir  of  the  letter  that  this  is  his  mode  of  writ- 
ing dates ;  besides  Winslow  writes  about  obtaininir  the  leave  of  "  our  governor,"  whereas  he 
himself  was  governor  of  Plymouth  at  the  latter  date,  liaving  succeeded  Bradford  on  the 
oth  June.  Ke  also  calls  Coilk-r  his  partner,  nieanini;  prolnibly  his  associate  as  commission- 
er, which  he  was  in  April ;  but  in  June  John  Erowue  woa  chosen  to  that  office,  and  he  be- 
came xMr.  Winslow  s  as50;iiite  or  partner. 

'  In  the  Registkr  for  Octubir,  IS74,  we  gave  a  catalogue  of  the  portraits  and  busts  in  the 
St-ite  House  in  Concord,  N.  H.,  and  at  Phillips  Exeter  Academy.  At  our  reque-t,  David 
W.  Hoyt,  Esq.,  has  kindly  fumi-hed  us  with  the  tbIlo^^•!ng  catalogue  of  the  portraits  and 
basts  in  the  possession  of  Brown  University,  and  of  the  Providence  Athenaeum.  ^Vc  are 
promised  similar  catalogues  from  other  colleges  and  institutions.  A  complete  catalogue  of 
all  the  portraits  anl  bu.-i'.  in  our  public  salk-rics  would  bo  very  -valuable  for  reference,  and 
would  insure  the  pei-penruioiiof  ihoir  hi-tory.  Such  a  cutaloguo  we  Lope  that  the  IIegis- 
TEH  will  contain  at  nu  distant  day. — [Editou.] 


1875.]         Portraits  and  Busts  in  Brown  University.  2-il 

1770;  graduatoa,  179C;  dieJ,  1S.33.  Painted  by  C.  B.  King,  of  Wa.^li- 
ingtou,  ami  presentfl  by  him. 

G.  AViLMAM  Coi'DiNGTOX,  first  GovtMHor  of  Kbode  Island.  Copied 
from  an  oricciii.il  in  the  C'ouMoil  C'liainber  at  Newport,  hy  T.  3Iathc\v.soii. 

7-  William  IjLANDING,  distingui.-ht'd  for  bis  zeal  in  tlie  study  of 
natural  liist(M-y,  and  fouudcr  of  the  "  l>laiid:iig  Collection."  liurn,  1770; 
graduated,  1801  ;  died,  18<37.     Au  original  painting. 

8.  Esi;;k  IIoi'KINS,  first  Commodore  iu  the  American  navy.  Painted 
by  M.  J.  Ileade,  from  an  engraving. 

9.  Samukl  Slatkr,  the  father  of  American  mamifiictures.  Painted 
by  J.  S.  Lincoln. 

10.  Tiio.MAS  PoYNToy  Ives,  a  distinguished  Providence  merchant. 
Copied  by  J.  S.  Lincoln  from  an  original  by  Chester  Harding. 

11.  Lkvi  Whfiatox.  an  early  gra<luate  and  professor  of  the  University. 
Died,  1551.     Painted  by  Geo.  P.  A.  Healy,  in  181G. 

12.  William  Ellkuy  Chanxixg.  The  distinguished  Unitarian  L>i- 
vine.     Copied  from  au  original,  by  Henry  C.  Pratt. 

13.  Gkx.  James  Tallmadge,  Lieutenant-Governor  of  New-York. 
Born,  1778;  graduated,  17'J8;  died,  18.).'3.  Copied  from  an  original,  by 
Eliza  J.  Rogers. 

14.  Charles  II.,  King  of  England,  from  whom  Khode  Island  received 
her  Charter,  in  iGGo.     Painted  from  life,  by  John  B.  Caspars. 

15.  Catherixe,  Queen  of  Charles  II.  Painted  from  life,  by  John  B. 
Caspars. — Both  14  and  15  were  obtained  in  England  by  Ethelbert  P.  Bil- 
lings, and  presented  by  him. 

IG.  Joiix  De  Wolfe,  professor  of  Chemistry  in  Brown  University, 
from  1817  to  ISoL     An  original  painting. 

17.     Adoxiram  Judsox,  the  distinguished  Missionary  to  Burmah.    Born, 
1788;  graduated,   1807;  died,   1850.     Painted  by   Geo.  P.  A.  Healy,  in 
184fi.     Presented  by  the  First  Baptist  Church,  Providence. 
«    IS.     Moses    Browx,    founder    of    the    Friends'     School,    Pro-vidence. 
Copied  from  an  original,  by  M.  J.  Ileade.      Original  sketch  by  W.J.  Harris. 

19.  Col.  William  Bartox,  the  daring  Captor  of  Major-General  Pres- 
cott.     Copied  from  an  original,  by  J.  S.  Lincoln. 

20  Gilbert  Stuart,  the  celebrated  Portrait  Painter.  Painted  by  his 
daugliter,  Jane  Stuart,  from  an  original  miniature  in  her  possession. 

21.  Nathax  B.  Crocker,  Rector  for  two  generations  of  St.  John's 
Church,  Providence.     Painted  by  D.  Huntington,  from  life,  in  18G0. 

22.  George  Berkeley,  the  celebrated  Irish  Prelate  and  Philosopher. 
Resided  in  Newport.  1720-31.  Coj)ied  from  an  original,  by  Henry  C. 
Pratt.     Original  by  Smibert. 

23.  AsHER  RoBBixs. — A  Distinguished  Scholar  and  Statesman.  Paint- 
ed from  life,  by  Charles  King,  of  Newport. 

24.  Com.  Oliver  H.  Perry,  the  Hero  of  Lake  Erie.  Copied  from  aa 
original,  by  Jane  Stuart.     Original  by  her  father,  Gilbert  Stuart. 

25.  Hexry  Wheatox,  the  distinguished  writer  on  International  Law. 
Born,  1785  ;  graduated,  1802  ;  died,  1848.  Copied  from  an  original,  by  M. 
J.  Heade.     Original  by  Healy. 

26.  Fraxcis  Wayl  and,  Fourth  President  of  Brown  University.  Paint- 
ed by  Geo.  P.  A.  Healy,  in  184G.  Full  length  portrait,  presented  by  John 
Carter  Brown. 

27.  Barxas  Sear?,  Fifth  President  of  Brown  University.  Bora,  1802 ; 
graduated,  1825.     Painted  by  J.  N.  Arnold,  in  ISGO. 

VOL.  XXIX.  21* 


242  Portraits  and  Busts  in  Providence  A.thenceum.      [July, 

28.  Olivkr  Cro:m\vkt,l,  Lcml  Protector  of  the  P^iiirlish  Connnoii- 
wealtli.  Paiiitetl  from  two  miniatures  and  a  cast,  by  M.J.  llcade,  in  16G».'. 
Original  miniatures  l»y  vSanuiel  Cooper, 

2'J.  Gkx.  Andukw  Jackson',  Seventh  President  of  the  United  States. 
Painted  froiu  life,  by  Anuuis,  in  1810.  Presented  by  Col.  William  IT. 
Keyiiolds. 

'60.  Adraham  "\riiip^LF.,  tlie  daring  Commodore  in  the  "War  of  the 
Revolution.     Copied  from  an  original,  by  !M.  J.  Ileade. 

31.  LiECT.  Col.  CiiuisroriiF.it  Gi:KF.\f:,  a  distinguished  Rhode-Island 
Officer  of  the  Revolution.  Copied  from  an  original,  by  J.  S.  Lincoln.  Pre- 
sented by  Simon  Henry  Greene. 

32.  ]>i:io.-Ge-V.  Isaac  P.  R(ji>.-\rAN',  who  fell  at  the  liattle  of  Antietam, 
in  18G2.     Painted  from  a  Photograph,  by  -T.  S.  Lincoln. 

33.  Maj,  William  Idf,  Browx,  of  the  IStli  New-Hampshire  Volun- 
teers. Class  of  1SG2.  Born,  183'J  ;  killed  at  Fort  Steadman  in  18G5. 
Painted  from  a  Photograph. 

34.  Major-Gexekal  AMnnosE  E.  Burnside,  formerly  Governor  of 
Rhode-Island,  and  now  U.  S.  Senator.  Painted  by  Emanuel  Leutze,  of 
Jsew-York.     A  full  lenijth  j^ortrait. 

35.  Hex.  Samuel  W.  BRii>GHA>r.  Class  of  1794.  Chancellor  of  the 
University.     First  Mayor  of  Provitlence. 

30.  Hox.  .Joux  PiT.MAX.  Class  of  1790.  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Rhode-Island. 

Most  of  the  above  portraits  were  paid  for  by  subscriptions  from  various 
persons.  3Iany  of  them  have  been  oi)taiued  through  the  exertions  of  the 
Hon.  John  R.  Bartlett.  Some  of  them  are  described  more  at  length  in 
Guild's  Histoiy  of  Brown  University,  pp.  28d-29G;  but  catalogued  under 
different  numbers. 

Busts. 

Of  the  Rev,  Dr.  Wayland;  a  fine  marble  bust  by  Thomas  Ball,  in  IBGl.^ 
Of  Bishop  Griswold,    ) 

Tristam  Burges,       )-  Plaster. 

Judge  Story,  ) 

Medalliox  (Bronze)  of  Major-General  Burnside. 


II.      "PkOVIDENCE    AxnEX-EUM. 

1.  A  portrait  of  Charles  II.  of  England,  painted  by  Cooper,  a  little 
more  than  half  length,  presented  by  Etlicl!)ert  11.  Billings,  Esq.,  in  May,  18G3. 

2.  A  portrait  of  John  Hampden,  by  Gandy,  presented  by  the  same, 
at  the  same  time. 

3.  A  copy  of  Stuart's  full  length  portrait  of  Washington,  executed 
by  an  Italian  artist  from  the  original.  painte<l  for  the  Marquis  of  Lans- 
downe,  presented  by  Samuel  Larned,  Esq.,  in  1838. 

4.  Portrait  of  Cyrus  Butler,  presented  by  -tUexander  Duncan,  Esq.,  ia 
1849. 

5.  Portrait  of  Dr.  James  G.  Percival,  the  poet,  presented  by  Dr.  N. 
A.  Fisher  in  July,  IS.jO. 

6.  A  portrait  of  Washington  Allston,  painted  by  Chester  Harding, 
presented  through  the  Rev.  Edward  B.  Hall  by  a  few  friends  of  the 
Athemrum,  ^laroh,  18";0. 

7.  A  portrait  of  President  Zachary  Taylor,  painted  by  C.  A.  Foster 
in  1849,  presented  by  3Ir.  Henry  T.  Cornettin  1865. 


1875.]  Xames  " Maine"  and'' JSfeio-IIampshire.''    '  243 

8.  "  A  Gill  readinir,"  by  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  being  a  portrait  of  his 
niece,  Miss  Tlicojihila  I'ulmer. 

9.  A  picture  calivtl  "  the  Hours,"  painted  in  water  colors  on  ivory  in 
ISOI  by  Edward  G.  ^lalloiie,  presented  to  tlie  ^\then:L'ura  in  1851,  through 
the  e^Vorts  of  two  ladies  of  Providence  who  procured  subscriptions  to  the 
amount  of  $1200  for  tlie  purchase  of  it. 

10.  A  copy  by  an  Italian  artist  of  a  painting  called  "  Simplicity  and 
Malice."  Supposed  to  bu  by  Autouio  Caracci,  presented  by  l])tht;lbert  11. 
Billings,  Esq.,  in  ISGl). 

11.  A  pliotograph  of  the  Coliseum,  five  feet  by  two  feet  four  inches 
inside  the  margin.     From  iNIr.  Albert  J.  Jones,  in  18G0. 

12.  A  photograph  of  Guide's  Aurora,  same  size  with  the  above,  from 
Mrs.  Anna  Richmond. 

13.  A  bust  of  Shakspeare  in  marble,  modelled  after  the  Chandos  portrait 
presented  to  the  National  Gallery,  London,  by  the  Earl  of  Ellesmere,  and 
said  to  be  the  earliest  extant.     From  Ethelbert  li.  Billings  in  INlay,  Ibtvj. 

14.  A  marble  bust  of  John  Pitman,  first  president  of  the  Athena'um, 
by  George  0.  Anuable.  Presented  by  Wm.  S.  Patten,  Es(p,  in  behalf  of 
subscribers,  in  18.53. 

15.  A  marble  bust  of  Gen.  Nathaniel  Greene,  by  George  O.   Annable. 

16.  A  medallion  in  plaster  of  the  Kev.  Charles  T.  Brooks,  of  Newport, 
from  Miss  Eliza  B.  Lyman,  in  1805. 

17.  Nineteen  busts  in  plaster,  of  ancient  and  modern  worthies,  from 
Homer  to  Charles  Dickens.  Given  by  various  persons  at  dilierent  times, 
ten  of  them  by  James  Phalen,  Esq.,  in  March,  1840. 


THE  NA:\rES  "MAINE"  AXD  "NEW-HA^IPSIIIRE." 

As  the  origin  of  the  names  of  the  States  is  now  a  subject  of  discussion  amonc; 
historical  writers,  the  following  letter  is  of  interest.  We  learn  that  Mr.  Tutile  id 
preparing  a  full  account  of  the  origin  of  the  name  of  Maine. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  Boston  Trayiscript : — The  Transcript  of 
the  5tli  instant  contains  the  article  entitled,  "  Origin  of  the  States 
and  their  Names,"  taken  from  the  ^Maj  number  of  the  American 
Historical  Record,  which  is  worthy  of  attention  from  the  groat  public 
interest  of  tlie  subject.  Assuming  that  a  superficial  treatment  of 
Nev-England  history  can  no  longer  be  tolerated,  and  that  true  history 
only  is  deserving  of  our  consideration,  I  beg  to  call  attention  to  several 
material  errors  in  this  article,  respecting  ]Maine  and  New-Hampshire. 

The  statements,  that  Maine  "derives  its  name  from  the  pro- 
yince  of  Maine,  in  France,  and  was  so  called  in  compliment 
to  the  queen  of  Charles  the  First,"  are  not  sustained  by  any  historical 
facts.  The  name,  !Maine,  was  first  authoritatively  and  dcliberatively 
applied  to  that  part  of  the  State  lying  west  of  the  Kennebec  liiver, 
in  the  charter  of  the  great  coimcil  for  New-England,  granting  this 
territory  to  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges  and  Captain  John  Mason,  dated 
August  10.  1622.  In  this  charter  it  is  styled  the  "Province  of 
Maine."     This   event   was   nearly   two   years  before   the  Princess 


244  A  Contribution  to  Dramalic  History.  [July, 

Henrietta  ]\[aria  of  France  was  thought  of  for  a  wife  to  Prince  Charles 
of  England.  At  the  time  this  name  was!  inserted  in  the  charter,  a 
marriage  treaty  was  pending,  and  \v<\<\  been  for  sonic  years,  between 
the  courts  of  P^ngland  and  Spain,  having  for  its  object  the  mni-riage 
of  Prince  Charles  and  the  Infanta  ]MiirIa,  daugliter  of  Philip  III.  of 
Spain.  A  marriage  of  these  royal  [larties  was  expected  until  early 
in  the  year  1G24.  It  is  clear  from  this,  and  other  circumstances  that 
could  be  mentioned,  that  the  naming  of  ]Maine  had  nothing  to  do 
with  Henrietta  ^Nfaria  of  France,  as  alleged.  I  may  add,  in  this  con- 
nection, that  I  expect  to  show,  in  my  life  of  Captain  John  ]\Iason, 
soon  to  go  to  press,  that  this  Spanish  Infanta  was  designedly  com- 
plimented about  this  time  in  the  naming  of  a  district  in  New-England, 
granted  by  the  great  council,  a  curious  fact,  overlooked  by  historians. 

It  seems  reasonably  certain  that  the  State  of  ]Maine  owes  its  name 
to  no  European  State,  province  or  personage,  but  to  its  own  unirpie 
geographical  features.  Years  before  the  name  appeared  in  tliis  char- 
ter to  Gorges  and  ]Mason,  its  territory,  or  the  littoral  part  of  it,  was 
commonly  designated  by  English  mariners  and  writers,  "  The  Mayne," 
variously  spelt,  to  distinguisii  it  from  its  insular  parts  lying  off  tlic  shore. 
This  origin  of  ihe  name,  proposed  long  ago,  seems  to  be  the  true  one. 

The  statements  that  Xew-Hampshire  was  "  so  named  when  it  was 
made  into  a  separate  province  in  1G76,"  and  that  "it  was  first  called 
Laconia,"  are  not  true.  Xo  part  of  the  original  or  present  territory 
of  New-IIampshire  ever  bore  the  name  Laconia.  The  original  ter- 
ritory of  New-Hampshire  first  granted  under  this  name,  w'as  included 
in  the  "Province  of  ]\[aine,"  before  referred  to,  which  extended  from 
the  Kennebec  River  to  tlie  ^Merrimack  River.  This,  then,  was  the 
first  Eng-lish  name  applied  to  New-Hampshire ;  for  it  was  seven 
years  later,  namely,  1G29,  that  the  territory  lying  between  the 
Merrimack  and  Piscataqua  rivers  was  granted  to  Captain  John  ]\Ia- 
son  and  by  him  then  first  named  "  New-Hamj  shire,"  and  ever  after  so 
designated.  Laconia  was  the  name  given  to  a  province  lying  in  the 
region  of  Lake  Champlain,  granted  by  the  Council  for  New-England 
to  Gorges  and  ]Mason,  in  lG29.  Some  years  ago,  a  town  in  New- 
Hampshire  was  incorporated  by  the  name  of  Laconia.  New-Hamp- 
fihire  was  detached  from  Massachusetts  in  lG79,not  1676,  as  alleged, 

Boston,  Jane  7,   1872.  C.  W.  Tuttle. 


A  CONTRIBUTION  TO  DR.UIATIC  HISTORY. 

By  the  late  Hon.  William  D.  Willtamsov,  of  Banjror,  ;Me.    Communicated  by  the  Hon. 
Joseph  Williamson,  of  Belfast. 

ON  the  first  day  of  September,   1814,  a  British  force  of  about 
three   thousand  men  to(..k  possession   of  Castine,   in  the  then 
District  of  Maine,  vrhicli  tliey  strongly  fortified  and  forcibly  retained 


1875.]  A  Contribution  to  Dramatic  History.  245 

until  the  following  April.  Among  tlie  troops  was  the  twenty-ninth 
regiment  of  loot,  called  ''  the  Boston  lieginient,"  it  being  the  same  that 
perpetrated  the  celebrated  Boston  ^Massacre.  ''  It  is  reported,"  said 
the  Dostoit-  iJaihj  Advertiser,  "  that  one  man  who  was  at  that  time  a 
private  in  tliut  mgimcnt  still  belongs  to  it,  and  is  now  at  Castinc." 

During  its  Oi'ciipation,  Castine  was  a  place  of  great  resort.  ^lany 
of  the  British  officers  were  gentlemen  of  refinement  and  of  education. 
For  amusement,  they  established  a  theatre,*  where  standard  plays 
were  performed,  with  the  aid  of  scenery  and  decorations.  The  fol- 
lowing is  a  eopy  of  one  of  the  progranuucs  : 

OCCASIONAL    EPILOGUE    TO    THE  COMEDY  OF  THE    POOR    GENTLEMAN. 

As  performed  by  Officers  of  the  Garrison  of  Qietine,  Jan.  2  (1815). 
At  the  Theatre  Royal. 

Written  hy  Dr.  Mackesy,  Surgeon  oftheG2d  Regiment. 

Thocceneis  clocccl,andWorthington^  at  Oft  bleeds  and  blisters  at  the  Galen's 

rest,  head ; 

From  wo^ry  cf.T-e  that  filled  his  anxious  And  gay  Sir  Charles,*  forgetting  Emily's 

breast,      _       _  loss, 

His  cot'age  raised  in  western  wilds  once  Attends  all  duties  under  Corporal  Joss.* 

move,  Frederick*  no  grave  magistrate  surpasses, 

But  quits  St.  Lawrence  for  Penobscot's  In  ministering  oatlis  and  writing  paeses, 

shore.  While   Old  Harrowby's^  voice  l;iie  vale 
Here  social  views  his  little  band  inspire,  alarms. 

To  breathe  responsive  to  Apollo's  lyre  ;  "With  Attention  ! !    Steady  ! !    Shoulder 
In  tragic  strains  or  Thalia's  sprightly  art.  Arms  ! 

Aim  to  enlarge  and  humauize  the  heart ;  And  warlike  aims  the  Comet's*  soul  in- 
With  mimic  woes  the  feeling  bosom  warm,  flame  ; 

Or  merry  satire  calm  the  wintry  storm.  He  shuts  up  shop  and  treads  the  path  of 
The  drama's  past,  we  close  the  sportive  fame. 

page.  At  Sir  Robert's'  nod  the  firm  ramparta 
More  varied  duties  now  our  thoughts  en-  rise, 

.  gage.  The  Bastions  range — the  vengeful  Bullet 
Emily,-  this  night  so  blest  in  love  and  flies. 

riches,  Anxious  to  please,  each  member  of  the 
At  morning's  davrn  draws  on  her  boots  corps 

and  breeches ;  Shall  do  his  best  to  cheer  this  dreary 
Then  Amazon-like  extends  the  martial  shore; 

hne,  More  thankful  still,  when  tried  by  Can- 
Gives  out  commands  and  seals  the  coun-  dor's  laws, 

tersign.  The  Poor  Gentleman'a  efforts  merit  your 
The  proud  Lucretia,'  though  so  nobly  applause. 


bred, 


DRAMATIS  PERSONS. 


V  "Worthingtcn  (the  Poor  Gentleman),  .        ,  Lieut.  Gastin,  Royal  Artilhry. 

^  Farmer  flarrowby, Lieut.  Col.  Ximines,  (yZd  Regiment. 

8  Cornet  Ollap^d, Adj.  J.  Vea^ie,  2WA  Regt. 

Stephen Lt.  B.  Wild,         "       " 

*  Corporal  Jess, Lt.  J.  Broodrick,  "      '* 

*  Sir  Charles  Cropland,       ....  Ens.  J.  Tommers,  62rf  Rrqt. 
Frederick Maj.  Irvins,  md  Re<jt.  Military  Sec. 

»  Sir  Robert  Bramble,         ....  Capt.  Bonnycastle,  Royal  Engineers. 

'  "  It  if-  said  that  the  British  officers  at  Castine  are  hnildiniT  a  theatre,  and  that  thev  ex- 
pect to  import  the  tuuiale  pevtonnrTS  fiom  Button.  If  Boston  w;is  now  us  it  was  ia  1776 
tney  would  have  some  other  amusement."— A' j/ei'j  Weekly  Register,  Dec.  31, 1814.  ' 


246      •  Letter  from  South  Carolina  in  1768.  \^^y 

Women . 
'  Emily  ^Vortbini^on,     .        .        .     Major  AV'm.  Hull,  6'3</  Ti''!]t.  MaJ.  of  Bri^aJel 
»  The  iliU.  Mi.->.s  Lucrctia  Muctiib,  .    Surircon  J.  Maoksey,  ij'Zd  lierjt. 

Paiiie  LlarrowKy,  .        .         .         Lt.  J.  Dcnoii,  O-Jd. 

Maug,        .       '.        .        •        .     Lt.  W.  llewat,  62J. 


LETTER    OF   MESSKS.  K.    SMITH   AND    CHRISTOPHER 
GADSDEN,   OF    CHARLESTOZ^J,   S.   C.  17G8. 

From  the  "  Haxcock  MAN'uscun-T.s"  hdongin:,'  to  the  New-Englam)  Historic, 
Genealogical  Societt. 

Charles  Town.  13'"  Octo'.  17C3. 
Gex'° 

We  had  the  Honour  to  receive  your  Favour  of  the  11*''  of  Aug* 
about  three  "Weeks  siiice  &  the  next  morning  put  it  into  the  Hands  of  the 
Chairman  of  the  Com.'"'-'  upon  the  Dispute  w"'  Mr.  Moore  our  late  Collector 
there  being  no  proper  Coin.'^^  on  Trade  here  &  with  regard  to  ourselves  we 
have  both  of  us  been  entirelv  out  of  Trade  several  years. — Your  Letter  has 
been  hauded  a'uout  very  generally  among  the  merch'^  in  Town  who  were 
almost  unanimously  of  0[)iiuoa  "  that  there  v/as  no  Occasion  to  call  a 
meeting  of  ihein  as  they  did  not  choose  to  enter  into  any  Resolutions  re- 
stricting their  Importations  l)eing  of  Opinion  the  Circumstances  of  this 
Province  ditler  widely  from  those  of  the  Massachusetts." 

'Tis  the  prevailing  Opinion  of  the  thinking  men  in  this  Province  to 
wait  w'^  patience  to  hear  what  the  New  parliament  will  do  relative  to 
America,  shou'd  they  not  relieve  us  from  the  unconstitutional  Impositions 
of  the  last,  but  determine  on  the  Execution  of  the  late  oppressive  acts  on 
Trade  &  the  essential  Liberties  of  us  Americans.  We  are  then  greatly 
hopeful  that  we  shall  follow  your  noble  Example  &  introduce  a  thorough 
Oeconomy  amongst  us,  &  import  only  such  articles  as  we  cannot  do  without, 
&  with  regard  to  those  give  the  preference  to  our  sister  Colonies  when 
they  can  supply  us — We  are  in  absolute  Want  of  a  greater  Number  of  ^Lrti- 
c^es  than  our  Friends  to  the  Northw^  from  the  Multitude  of  Slaves  we  have 
ajiongst  us  Sc  no  Manufactures  at  all,  worth  mentioning,  being  made  in  the 
Province. 

We  highly  applaud  the  Prudence,  Firmness  &  policy  of  your  Province 
&  think  America  under  the  greatest  Obligations  to  her  &  are  of  Opinion 
that  were  the  measures  she  recommends  universally  or  even  generally  pur- 
sued throuo-hout  the  Colonies  they  must  be  efiectual,  &,  productive  of  the 
desired  End. 

A  little  Time  will  soon  show  what  the  New  parliam'  will  do,  as  to  the 
Jy'ews  papers  there  is  no  Dependance  on  them,  if  they  are  determined  to 
oppress  us.  We  are  hopeful  that  Union  cemented  by  the  Stamp  act  &  whose 
happy  etfects  we  then  felt  will  as  conspicuously  appear  on  any  &  every 
future  Trial  as  it  did  theu. — On  our  parts  as  far  as  our  little  Influence  lies 
nothiniy  shall  be  wanting  to  promote  it. 

We  are  gent^  w'*"  the  greatest  Esteem 

Y'  most  obd'  hble  Serv" 

Gen'  Commee  of  Jlerchanta  R.  Smith, 

In  Boston.  Christ.  Gadsden. 


1875.]  Slavery  always  Excluded  from  Vermont.  247 


SLAVERY  AL^VAYS  EXCLUDED  FR0:M  VEliMOXT. 

Cora,  by  the  Hon.  IIilaxd  Hall,  LL.D.,  of  North  Bennington,  Vt. 

THE  territory  comprising  tlic  state  of  Vermont  had  been  ficttlcd 
under  grants  of  land  made  in  the  name  of  the  Engl isli. king  by 
his  governor  of  Xew-Hampshire.  Afterwards  the  king  by  an  order 
in  council  declared  that  the  territory  should  constitute  a  part  of  the 
province  of  New-York,  whose  governor,  thereupon,  regrantcd  the 
lands  to  others.  But  the  settlers  maintained  their  Xew-Hampshire 
titles  by  successfully  resisting  all  efforts  of  the  new  grantees  to 
deprive  them  of  their  possessions,  and  finally,  disclaiming  the  juris- 
diction of  New- York,  established  for  themselves  a  separate  govern- 
ment. One  year  after  the  continental  congress  had,  in  their  decla- 
radon  of  independence,  proclaimed  to  the  world  that  "  all  men  were 
created  equal,"  Vermont,  as  a  state,  came  into  existence.  Her 
people  gave  the  stirring  language  of  that  instrument  a  practical 
etfect  in  favor  of  universal  liberty,  by  incorporating  into  their  con- 
stitution a  pro\  ision  absolutely  prohibiting  the  existence  of  slavery 
within  the  limits  of  the  state.  This  constitution  was  framed  in  Julv, 
1777,  and  Vermont  was  thus  the  first  of  the  American  states  to  ex- 
clude slavery  by  constitutional  provision,  or  indeed  by  any  legal 
enactment.  The  article  then  adopted  has  never  been  changed,  and 
remains  a  part  of  the  constitution  at  the  present  time. 
It  is  the  first  article  in  the  Bill  of  Eights,  and  declares 
"  That  all  men  are  bom  equally  free  and  independent,  and  have  certain 
natural,  inherent  and  unalienable  rights,  amongst  which  are  the  enjoying  aud 
defending  life  and  liberty  ;  acq^iiring,  possessing  and  protecting  property, 
and  pursuing  and  obtaining  happiness  and  safety  : — therefore,  no  male  person, 
born  in  this  country,  or  brought  from  over  sea,  ougl  t  to  be  holden  by  law, 
to  serve  any  person  as  a  servant,  slave  or  apprentice,  after  he  arrives  to  the 
age  of  twenty-one  years,  nor  female  in  like  manner,  after  she  arrives  to  the 
age  of  eighteen  years,  unless  they  are  bound  by  theirown  consent^  after  they 
arrive  to  such  age,  or  bound  by  law  for  the  payment  of  debts,  damages, 
fines,  costs,  or  the  like." — (Slade's  State  Papers,  244  ;  General  Statutes,  1 6.) 

While  acknowledging  the  binding  obligation  of  the  child  to  his 
parent  and  the  apprentice  to  his  master  during  their  minority,  this 
article  has  always  been  understood  to  prohibit  any  other  involuntary 
servitude,  except  in  punishment  for  crime,  an  imderstanding  con- 
firmed and  established  by  both  legislative  declaration  and  judicial 
decision. 

During  the  progress  of  the  early  settlement  of  Vermont  slavery 
existed  in  all  the  neighboring  colonies,  and  it  is  doubtless  true  that 
some  of  the  emigrants  had  brought  with  them  persons  whom  they 
sought  to  hold  as  slaves.  They  were,  however,  few  in  number,  and 
the   idea    that   man    could    rightfully  be  the   subject  of  property, 


248  Slavcrii  ahomjs  Excluded  from  Vermont.  [Julj, 

was  repugnant  to  tlie  feeling's  of  the  great  mass  of  the  inhabitants. 
In  accordance  with  this  fcoUng,  tlic  constitutional  provision  was  in- 
tended as  a  declaration  of  freedom  to  all  persons  who  theu  inhabited 
the  st;ite,  as  well  .is  to  uny  wliu  migiit  afterwards  he  brought  there. 
Nevertheless,  tlie  bondage  of  ])ei-sons  in  the  state,  who  had  been 
previously  held  as  slaves,  n\ight  be  sought  to  be  continued  by  an 
attempted  sale  of  them,  or  by  transporting  them  out  of  the  state ; 
to  prevent  which,  the  legislature  on  the  30th  of  October,  1786, 
passed  an  act,  entitled  ''An  act  to  prevnit  the  sale  and  tranxpor- 
tation  of  negroes  and  molatfoes  out  of  the  state.'"  Tiiat  the  act 
was  founded  on  the  provision  of  the  constitution  and  was  intended 
to  prevent  its  fraudident  evasion,  clearly  .appears  from  the  preamble. 
The  following  is  a  copy  of  the  act,  following  the  title  above  given. 

'•'  WnEREAS,  hjj  the  constUution  of  this  state,  all  the  subjects  of  this  com- 
monweaUh,  of  whatever  color,  are  equally  entitled  to  the  inestimable  bless- 
ings of  freedom,  luiless  they  have  forfeited  the  same  by  the  commission  of 
some  crime ;  and  the  idea  of  slavery  is  expressly  and  totally  exploded  from 
our  free  government ;  And  whereas,  instances  have  happened  of  former 
owners  of  npgroe  slaves  in  this  commonwealth,  making  sale  of  such  persons  as 
slaves,  noticithsfandiny  their  being  liberated  by  the  constitution  ;  and  attempts 
hove  been  iaad.3  to  transport  such  persons  to  foreign  parts,  in  open  viola- 
tion of  the  laws  of  the  land, 

'"  Be  it  therefore  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Vermont, 
That  if  any  person  shall  hereafter  make  sale  of  any  subject  of  this  state, 
or  shall  convey,  or  attempt  to  convey,  any  subject  out  of  this  state, 
with  intent  to  hold  or  sell  such  person  as  a  slave ;  every  person  so  ofiend- 
ing,  and  convicted  thereof,  shall  forfeit  and  pay  to  the  person  injured,  for  such 
ofience,  the  sum  of  on^  humlred  pounds,  and  cost  of  suit ;  to  be  recovered  bv 
action  of  debt,  complaint  or  mformation." — (Statutes  of  1787,  105  ;  Slade's 
State  Papers,  505. ) 

In  1802  the  conclusive  force  of  the  constitution  in  prohibiting 
slavery  was  declared  by  the  supreme  court  of  the  state. 

A  colored  woman  wlio  had  been  purchased  out  of  the  state  and 
brought  into  the  town  of  Windsor,  had  served  her  purchaser  for  a  time, 
but  having  become  infirm  and  blind,  had  been  cast  upon  the  town 
as  a  pauper.  Tlic  town  brought  an  action  against  her  allefjed 
master  for  money  expended  in  her  support,  and  in  order  to  show  the 
liability  of  the  defendant  as  her  master,  offered  the  bill  of  sale  to 
him  of  the  woman  from  her  former  owner.  But  the  court  rejected 
the  evidence,  saying,  ''our  state  constitution  is  express,  no  inha- 
hitant  of  this  state  can  hold  a  slave;  and  though  the  bill  of  sale 
may  be  binding  by  the  kx  loci  of  another  state  or  dominion,  yet 
when  the  master  becomes  an  inhabitant  of  tliis  state,  his  bill  of  sale 
ceases  to  operate  here." — (Selectmen  of  Windsor  vs.  Jacob,  2  Tvler's 
Eeports,  194,  190.) 

_  But  notwithstanding  the  positive  prohibition  of  the  state  constitu- 
tion, and  the  unif«jrm  understanding  of  its  decisive  eftect  aijainst  the 
existence  of  slaver}-  in  any  form,  it  Mas  stated  in  the  otiicial  publi- 


1875.]  Slavery  always  Excluded  from  Vermont.  249 

cation  of  the  United  States  census  for  Vermont,  taken  in  1791,  that 
there  were  then  in  the  .state  !(>  t^hivcs.  This  imputation  ui)on  the 
character  of  our  institutions,  though  altouether  errnncinis,  remained 
imexplaincd  until  1<S72,  when  the  original  return  of  tlie  census  of 
1791  was  discovered  amuni^  tlie  archives  at  A\'ashington,  by  Col. 
Georire  D.  IlarrinL'ton,  acting  superintendent  of  the  census  bureau, 
which  clearly  showed  that  the  published  report  of  that  census,  so  htr 
as  it  charired  the  state  with  havin<2:  slaves,  was  unfounded  and  uu- 
true.  Xo  slaves  were  found  in  the  state  at  any  subsequent  enu- 
meration of  its  inhabitants  ;  but  in  the  published  official  reports  of 
each  subsequent  census,  there  has  been  inserted  comjjarative  state- 
ments of  previous  enumerations,  in  which  tiic  stigma  of  the  existence 
of  slavery  in  Vermont  in  17 9 L  was  repeated  ;  the  number  16  having 
been  increased  in  these  later  reports,  by  some  new  blunder,  to  17. 

In  the  report  of  the  census  of  1870,  at  page  G'),  the  original  error 
was  corrected,  for  the  reason  stated  in  a  note  as  follows  ; 

"The  census  of  1790,  puLlished  in  1791,  reports  IG  slaves  in  Vermont. 
Subsequently  and  up  to  18G0,  the  number  is  given  as  17.  An  examination 
of  the  oriirmal  returns  siiows  that  there  never  were  any  slaves  in  \  ermout. 
The  error  occurred  in  preparing  the  results  for  publication." 

HOW   THE    ERROR    OCCURRED. 

The  following  table,  showing  the  population  of  Vermont  by  counties,  is 
taheu  from  the  otncial  census  report  of  1791.  It  is  also  found  in  Dr.  Wil- 
liams's History  of  Vermont,  Edition  of  179-i,  pnge  -411 : 


o 

5 

-=0    ^    i.K 

•^  "  7^ 

'"    ^        .  _.' 

^ 

2j 

Counties. 

^I't 

l\il 

r. 

> 

,t-  -f^-zi---^ 

—  ^ 

r"  '*-'     ~   -^. 

* 

fe^   =   = 

r— t  '^ 

f^        —   3 

5  ""3 

n 

— 

G      S 

■" 

< 

37 

Addison, 

1.734 

l,fifi4 

2,0fi4 

6,449 

Boiiuin.'ton, 

.3,114 

3,211 

5,S93 

20 

16 

12,2.54 

Ctiirtemleu, 

2.-'.56 

1,764 

3,2.>S 

23 

7,301 

Oranae, 

2.874 

2,7(18 

4,t>i6 

41 

10,-529 

Rntlarid, 

3.986 

4,092 

7,4.56 

31 

15,-565 

Windsor, 

4,003 

4,1-57 

7, -543 

45 

1.5,748 

"Windham, 

4,413 

4,672 

8,.54.5 

58 

17,693 

Total, 

2-2,43o 

22,328 

4D,.505 

255 

16 

85,539 

It  will  be  perceived  that  all  the  slaves  are  reported  to  be  in  the 
county  of  Bennington,  and  that  not  one  is  found  in  any  other  part 
of  the  state,  though  Bennington  county  contained  only  one  sixth  of 
its  population.     This  of  itself  is  calculated  to  create  a  strong  sus- 

voL.  XXIX.  22 


250 


Slavery  alu-ays  Excluded  from  Vei^iont.  [July, 


picion  against  the  accuracy  of  the  statement.     For  why  ghoiiW  there 
be  sixteen  olaves  in  that  county  and  none  in  any  of  the  others  ? 

The  con.viij  (.<[  t'lc  ^rsenil  towns  in  the  county  of  IJenniii^fton  in  1701,  as 
reported  and  publi^hud  at  the  scut  of  govuruiueut,  was  as  follows: 


_  .    ._             _.  .. 

«« 

1 



£      o 

-o 

■S 

o 

O    O  ~  "^ 

i)  ^ 

o 

'Ti 

p 

-—  '^'  E  T-  x 

■'  Si  '5 

C2    • 

• 

CO 

Towns. 

?  ~  i_~  r:z 

'f-  -  '?. 

5= 

2  i?  5 

2  5 

1 

Total. 

'J,  -'  'C 

*"  Ut 

-J-ll\- 

£:  o  ^• 

■?    O 

C    1) 

5i 

1  "1 

s 

.5 

< 

'" 

Arlin^'ton, 

•2.51 

2.52 

487 

1 

991 

Bennington, 

6"9 

C04 

1,114 

11 

9 

2,377 

Bromley, 

•1\ 

10 

31 

71 

Dorset,' 

1¥) 

231 

487 

9.58 

Glastenbnry, 

fi 

11 

17 

34 

Land^Tove, 

I 

4 

20 

M 

Manchester, 

338 

333 

.50.5 

2 

3 

1,276 

Pownal, 

419 

499 

S2.5 

2 

1 

1,746 

Ilead-h'.irof.^b, 

iu 

1(1 

32 

64 

Rnnert, 

2.51 

2S3 

494 

1,033 

?haYtshu'-y, 

491 

530 

974 

3 

1 

1,999 

Stamioixi, 

fi9 

65 

137 

1 

272 

Sunderland, 

n.3 

101 

199 

1 

414 

SandfTAte, 

19S 

189 

38'! 

773 

Woodford, 

16 

IS 

26 

60 

Winhall, 

39 

46 

69 

1 

15.5 

Total  of  the  Co. 

3,1U 

3,211 

5,893 

20 

16 

1 

12,2-54 

It  will  be  noticed  that  in  the  above  table  the  whole  population  is 
divided  into  five  classes,  designated  as  follows  :  First,  Free  white 
males  of  16  years  and  iipwnrds  :  Secoyid,  Free  white  males  under 
16  years;  Thirds  Free  wliite  females  [of  all  ages]  ;  Fourth,  all 
other  free  person.? ;  and  Fifth,  Slaves.  This  division  was  in  con- 
formity to  the  census  act  of  ^larch  1,  1790,  for  which  a  form  was 
given  in  the  act,  with  the  columns  and  headings  as  above. 

The  orirjinal  retuni  of  the  assistant  marshal  for  Bennington  coun- 
ty shows  that  he  added  another  column — one  not  required  by  the 
act.  Plaving  no  occasion  for  a  column  for  slaves,  there  being  none 
to  enumerate,  he  substituted  for  the  above  two  right  hand  columns, 
three  columns  for  free  black.-,  dividing  them  into  classes  as  in  the 
case  of  free  whites,  viz.,  into  those  of  males  of  Ki  years  and  up- 
wards, of  males  under  IG  years  of  age,  and  of  females  of  all  ages. 
This  gave  the  number  of  free  persons  who  were  not  white  as  required 
by  the  act,  with  the  avlJition  of  specifying  the  different  classes  of 
those  persons,  of  which  the  whole  number  was  composed,  with 
the  same  particidarity  that  the  law  had  required  in  the  case  of 
whites. 

The  original  manuscript  retura  of  the  census  of  Bennington  coon- 


1875.]         Slavery  always  Excluded  fro-m,  Vermont. 


251 


ty,  contains  the  names  of  all  the  heads  of  families  in  the  several 
towns,  and  against  each  name  the  number  in  the  family  of  each 
class  of  persons.  It  is  plainly  written,  on  sheets  of  fool:;cap  paper 
pasted  together,  and  forms  a  roll  of  over  twenty  feet  in  length.  The 
following  table  gives  the  precise  words  of  the  headings  of  the  several 
columns  of  the  original  return,  and  accurate  copies  of  the  footings 
of  the  ditferent  classes  of  persons  in  each  town,  with  the  total  num- 
ber of  persons  of  all  the  classes  in  the  several  towns. 


Towns. 

Free  white 
males  of  six- 
teen years 
and  upwards 
including 

heads 
of  families. 

Free  white 
males 
under 
sixteen 
years. 

Free  white 

females 

including 

heads 

of 

families. 

Free  Blacks. 

1st  colurnu  over  six- 
teen of  males. 

2d  column  under  16 
years. 

3d  column  females, 
which  include  the 
three  last  columns. 

Total. 

Arlington, 

Benuiugion, 

Bromley  [Peru] 

Dorset, 

Glastcnburv, 

Landgrove, 

Manchester, 

Pownal, 

Keadsborongh, 

Rupert, 

Sbaft^bury, 

Stamtord, 

Sunderland, 

Saudgate. 

Woodford, 

Winhall, 

251 

639 

21 

240 

6 

7 

33,S 

41;) 

■16 
251 
491 

69 
113 
19S 

16 

39 

252 
604 

19 
231 

11 

4 

338 

499 

16 
283 
530 

65 
101 
189 

18 

46 

487 

1,114 

31 

487 

17 

20 

595 

825 

32 

494 

974 

137 

199 

386 

26 

69 

9 

2 
1 

3 

1 
1 

2 

1 

1 

1 
9 

3 
1 

1 

991 

2,377 

71 

958 

34 

31 

1,276 

1,746 

64 

1,033 

1,999 

272 

414 

773 

60 

155 

3,114 

[3,211 

5,893 

17 

4 

15 

12,254 

By  comparing  the  above  two  tables,  it  will  be  seen  that  they 
agree  in  every  particular,  except  in  relation  to  free  colored  persons 
and  slaves,  and  that  they  diifcr  only  in  this,  that  while  the  number 
of  free  persons  of  color,  as  returned  by  the  assistant  marshal,  was 
36,  the  pubhshed  report  transforms  16  of  them  into  slaves,  allow- 
ing only  20  of  the  number  to  be  free.  Nor  is  it  difficult  to  see  how 
the  error  in  the  published  report  occurred.  The  transcriber  having 
blanks  to  fill  with  the  right  hand  column  headed  slaves,^  copied  the 
numbers  found  in  the  right  hand  column  of  the  return,  and  thus 
heedlessly  turned  the  15  free  colored  females  into  slaves,  adding  at 
the  close  one  free  male  under  16  fjr  the  town  of  Winhall.  This 
addition  for  "Winhall  is  accounted  for  by  the  fact  that  the  figure  in 
the  manuscript  retiu-n  was  so  placed,  as  to  be  readily  taken  by  a 
careless  observer  to  belong  to  the  column  from  which  the  15  had 
been  copied.  It  will  be  noticed  that  the  two  tables  not  only  show 
by  their  footings  that  the  16  reported  slaves  were  free  persons,  but 
also  agree  in  the  number  that  was  taken  from  each  of  the  several 


252  Slavery  alicays  Excluded  from  Vermont.         [July, 

towns  to  make  up  tlic  IG.  Tlus  examination  of  the  origfinal  retain 
cstablislie^,  beyouJ  eontrovcr.-y  or  tlouht,  tiuit  the  pul)ll.-lie<l  ofKciul 
report  of  the  census  of  17'Jl  was  erroneous,  and  also  the  truth  of 
the  assertion  at  the  Lei^iuiiig  of  this  article  that  slavery  wa-s  always 
excluded  from  Vcrniout. 

Th.c  orii2;iiial  reiiu-n  of  the  Lennin^on  county  census  is  certified 
by  David  Ivobinson  as  assistant  marshal.  lie  was  afterwards  shevifF 
of  the  couQty  for  over  twenty  years,  and  marshal  of  Iho  Vermont 
district  for  eiglit  years,  ending  in  1819,  and  he  died  in  Ijenningtou 
in  1843.  His  hand  writing  was  extensively  known  and  was  familiar 
to  the  ^^^:ite^  of  this  article,  who  has  carefully  examined  the  original 
manuscri])t  and  knows  the  certificate  upon  it  to  be  his  genuine  auto- 
erraph.  The  marslial  of  the  district  under  whom  he  acted  was  Lewis 
R.  Morris,  of  ^Springfield. 


Eaton-'s  IIisiORT  OF  Readixg.  CoRREcrioNS.  —  In  the  genealogy  of  the  Poolc 
family  of  Reading,  Mr.  Eaton  gives  among  the  descendants  of  John"-  Poole  the  fii-?t 
settler,  and  his  son  Cai)t.  Jonathan-  and  Judith  hi«  wife,  the  name  of  Benjamin,^ 
son  of  Jonathan,"  as  the  father  of  \\'illiam*  (horn  17'26)  whoremoved  toDanvers,  and 
was  ancestor  of  Fitch''  Poole,  Esq.,  of  Danvers. 

This  is  an  error  ;  as  the  "William*  Poole,  of  Danvers,  grandfather  of  Fitch.'  was 
a  son,  not  ot  Ueniamin,^  but  of  Zachaiiah'' Poole  of  MeVlfjrd,  who  removed  there 
from  Reading,  gelling  bis  homestead  at  that  place  to  Benj.  Gibson,  of  Boston,  Jai). 
26,  173-2,  having  married,  Sept.  is,  17'29,  Rfl>ecca,  daughter  of  Major  Jonathan 
Wade,  of  Medfbrd._  His  will,  dated  Medfjrd,  Jlay  31,  1773,  gives  among  other  be- 
quests, to  his  son  ^V  illi'.m  Puole,  of  Danvers  (whom  he  al«o  a})point8  solo  esecut.ir), 
si.vty  pounds  sterling  and  a  large  silver  Tankard.  He  also  gives  to  his  grandson 
Fitch*  Poole,  father  of  the  late  Fitch, ^  "  a  silver  Tankard  Vveiijhinj  25  ounces,'' 
and  to  his  granddaughter  Ann  Poole,  "  my  smallest  can,  which  is  all  I  design  to 
give  my  grandson  Fitch  and  my  granddaughter  Ann,  inasmuch  as  Providence  hath 
provided  for  them  and  considering  what  1  expended  upon  their  father  William  to 
Bt  him  for  business  in  life."  The  estate  sold  to  Benj.  Gibson,  on  the  removal  of 
Zachariah  Poole  t-j  .Medford,  is  that  formerly  known  as  the  Deacon  Eaton  place, 
corner  of  Crescent  and  Eaton  streets. 

Mr.  Eaton  speaks  of  John^  Poole  a-^  coming  to  Reading  from  Iiynn,and  als<D 
alludes  to  his  being  of  Cambridge  in  163-3.  But  in  his  Historical  Address  (Wake- 
field. July  4,  166S),  he  say?^  "the  settlement  of  this  village  was  commenced  in 
1639,  un.'er  a  grant  of  land  from  the  irenoral  court  to  the  toivn  of  Lynn,  of  four 
miles  square,  and  was  called  Lynn  Villaire."  He  then  adds.  "  This  grant  included 
substantially  the  present  towns  of  ^V'aketic'ld  and  Reading."  As  no  record  can  be 
found  of  removal  after  his  first  settlement,  the  obvious  conclusion  is  that  Lynn  is 
spoken  of  as  John  Poole's  former  residence  only  because  it  was  the  original  name  of 
Reading,  or  of  that  part  of  it  in  which  he  settled,  isava^ie,  in  his  Genealogical  Dic- 
tionary, falls  into  the  same  error. 

Again,  Cambridge  was  known  only  as  "  Newtown  "  until  1633,  and  yet  John 
Poole  is  always  stated  to  be  "  of  Cambridge  in  1632."  If.  as  stated  by  ^Ir.  Eaton, 
he  gave  the  name  Readinir  to  the  town,  in  honor  of  his  English  birth-place,  it  is 
hardly  probable  that  this  Cambridge  could  mean  Cambridge  in  England,  as 
the  place  whence  he  came_  to  settle  in  Lynn  Village.  WGat  authority  there 
is  for  connecting  his  name  with  Cambridge  at  all,  is  a  point  on  which  his  descend- 
ants very  much  desire  to  be  informed. 

C.  H.  Poole. 

Washinston,  D.  C. 


1875.]  Will  of  John  Birjg,  253 


WILL   OF  JOHN   r.JGG. 

(Froai  n  coj'^  furnisbcfl  by  E.  W.  N.  St.vrr,  of  Miudletown,  Conu., 
ami  annotated  by  W.  II.  Whitmouk.j 

PREFACE. 

ri^^IIE  importance  of  tlic  following  dociunent  warrants  tlic  space 
JL  which  has  been  given  to  it.  From  it  wq  learn  of  the  connec- 
tion between  geveral  families  of  the  firt-t  scttkrs,  and  we  know  the 
neighborhood  from  which  they  emigrated.  A  part  only  of  these  facts 
had  before  been  discovered. 

The  person  whose  will  is  here  copied  was  John"  Biog,  of  ^Nlaid- 
stone,  in  Kent,  lie  may  iiave  lived  here  in  Xt-w-England,  certainly 
he  had  property  here  and  relatives.  lie  s])eciHes  as  living  in  Xew- 
Engiand,  his  mother,  his  sister  Foster,  and  his  brother  Stowe.     He 

further  mentions  his  cousins  James  ])ate  and Lvnc  and  cousin 

Betts,  all  in  this  country,  besides,  apparenthj,  his  friends  Cleiiienc 
Bate  \^'{  Bates),  William  15achelor,  Edward  ^V'hitt  (?  AMute),John 
Compton,  John  Moore,  Thomas  Bridgden,  and  one  goodman  Beale 
*'that  went  from  Cranbrook."  He  gives  40s.  to  iNlarie  Terrie  in 
New-England  also. 

"We  can  also  discriminate  certain  relatives  of  his  wife  Sibilla,  viz., 
his  mother-in-law  ]\Irs.  Dorothea  ]\Iapli?den,  bro.  Jervis  ]\[aplis- 
den,  the  Swynocks,  &c.  The  Maplisdcn  family  is  mentioned  in 
Berry's  families  of  Kent,  and  this  match  is  recorded,  though  not 
properly.  He  says  (p.  323),  that  Edward  M.,  mayor  of  Maid- 
stone, in  1604,  m.  Dorothy  Curties,  and  had  Gervais  and  Peter, 
beside  six  daus.,  of  whom  Mary,  b.  1002,  m.  John  Biijo-  in  1026. 
Edward  was  own  cousin  to  Robert  jNI.  of  Lyd,  whose  grandson 
Peter  m.  Edward's  dau.  Elizabeth.     Another  dau.  of  Edward  ]M. 

was  VVauces,  who  m.  Stace,  but  no  more  matches  are  recorded 

by  Berry.  We  nuiy  infer  that  his  brother  Beavons  or  Beacon  was 
one  who  m.  a  ^Maplisden  also. 

As  to  the  English  localities,  nearly  all  are  easily  found  in  Kent. 
Maidstone  is  a  well  known  place,  about  in  the  west  centre  uf  the 
county,  Cranbrooke  is  about  12  miles  due  south  from  it,  while 
Loose,  Linton,  and  Horsmonden  are  about  on  the  same  line  goin^r 
south  from  ^laidstoue  to  Cranbrooke.  Langley  is  east  of  the  line, 
and  Harrietsham  east  again  of  it,  both  near  Loose.  Brenchley  is 
west,  and  Staplchurst  east  of  the  line,  about  parallel  to  Horsmonden. 
Tenterdeu  is  S.  E.  of  Cranbrooke,  with  A\'ittersham  south  of  T., 
and  Lydd,  once  a  seaport,  is  still  farther  to  the  S.  J'L,  almost  to 
Dengeness  Head.     Sadomi  is  doubtless  an  error  in  copying. 

But  to  return  to  Xew-England.  His  mother  was  clearly  the 
Eachel  Bigg  whose  will  of  ]S'ov.  17,  164G,  is  in  Suif.  Wills,  i.  89. 
She  mentions 

VOL.   XXI2.  22* 


254  Will  of  John  Bigg,  [July, 

Nephew  Hopestill  Foster.     Thaukful  his  daiigliter.     Ilopestill  Foster  his 

sou.     Patience  his  dau. 
Thankful  Stow. 
Son-in-law  J..>liii  Stow.     Thomao  his  eldest  son.     IMarie  his  dau.     Samuel 

his  son.     Juliii  his  son. 
Elizabeth  Stow,  wii'e  of  Henry  Archer,  and  her  dau.  Rebecca,  sons  John, 

Isaac  and  Thcophilus. 
Kathaniel  Stow. 
Son-in-law  Peter  Masters,  now  living  in  England,  his  wife  Katharine  and 

dau.  Eliijabtjrh. 
James  Batte,  S"".  and  his  son  James. 
The  now  wife  of  Thomas  Lyne. 
Clement  Batte  and  his  dau.  Raehell. 
The  now  wife  of  "William  Bachellor. 
Thomas  Bcatts. 
Thomas   Beall,  John   Conijiton,  goodwife  Turner,  the  wife  of  Richard. 

Brittan,  goodiuan  ]\Iead,   old   Margery,   goodwife    Place,   goodwife 

Hill,  goodwift'  Putohing, 

It  is  clear  therefore  \\\i\t  wc  have  so  far,  as  children  of  Eachel : 

i.  John  Bi_g,  of  ^lauiitone,  d.  IG-il. 

ii.  Smallhope  Bigg,  d.  before  1G41  ; 

iii.  a  dau.  m.  Ilopestill  Ftister  ; 

iv,  a  dau.  m.  John  Scow  ; 

V.  a  dau.  m.  Peter  Masters. 

Of  course  this  Joliu  Stow*  is  the  Roxbury  man,  a  member  of 
Eliot's  church.  (Thornton's  Life  of  Heath  and  Bowles,  p.  177.) 
He  brought  wife  Elizabeth  and  six  children,  Thomas,  Eliznljeth, 
John,  Nathaniel,  Samuel  and  Thankful.  It  will  be  seen  these  names 
of  children  agree  with  John  Bigg's  will.  Elizabeth  m.  Deo.  4, 
1G39,  Henry  Archer.  liachel  Bigg  mentions  iMarie  as  a  daughter 
of  John  Stow, — is  this  an  error,  or  is  she  possibly  the  Mary  Terrie 
of  John  Bigg's  will  ? 

Next  we  have  her  •nej)//eio  Ilopestill  Foster.  I  cannot  easilv  ex- 
plain tins  word  "nephew,"'  because  it  is  clear  that  he  was  her  son-in- 
law,  a  description  afterward  given  to  John  Stowe.  Yet  it  is  most 
likely  that  he  was  both  ;  i.  e.  tiiat  he  had  married  a  cousin,  and 
therefore  Eachel  might  term  him  either. 

His  wife  Patience,  aged  40,  came  over  in  the  Elizabeth,  with  son 
Ilopestill,  Jr.,  aged  14,  in  company  with  liachel  Bisrg  herself.  It 
is  clear  from  this  will  that  he  had  daus.  Patience  and  Thankful,  the 
latter  doubtless  the  one  bapt.  here  Sept.  11,  1640,  as  Savage 
recoi'ds. 

It  is  fixir  to  argue  that  the  mother  was  dead,  as  she  is  not  mentioned 
in  Eachel's  will. 

*  Savaffc  says  he  died  Oct,  26,  I^JIS,  whi'h  would  not  asree  with  his  beinff  executor  of  a 
•will  (luted  in  16  i6.  Bin  the  authority  Eliot's  Cli.  Roo.")  docs  not  Siiiijiort  Siivairo.  It  re.uN 
thus:  "  164-j,  8  mo.  day  'X,  sooiijii.in  .S'ohp  an  old  Kentish  man  dyed,  i\as  net  of  t.iie 
church,  yet  uu  ins  s^;k  hod  .--oiiii.'  ha.l  soiue  hope.-  oi'  him."  The  name  is  ciciirly  Stoiw,  and 
cannot  mean  John  .';:o\\ ,  ^vho  uas  a  ch.  uieinucr  as  wai  iiis  wife. 


1875.]  Will  of  Julin  Bigg.  255 

AVe  pass  next  to  the  Bate  or  Bates  items.  James  Bates  was  clearly 
the  Dorchester  settler,  who  came  also  in  the  Elizabeth,  with  wife, 

three  daus.  and  a  son  James.      His  will  of ,  1055  (Suft'.  AMlls, 

i.  82),  meuLiuus  son  iueiiaiu  BiiLo,  ui"  Lid  luwne  in  Kerit,  as  well  as 
son  Jamoa  here,  Ctc.     Ills  <lau.  ]\lary  ni.  Ilopestill  Fo.«^ter,  Jr. 

Clement  Bates,  of  liingham,  was  doubtless  his  brother,  as  both 
are  related  to  the  Biprijses. 

Thomas  Beatrs  was  probably  of  tlic  family  now  called  Betts,  and 
not  a  Bates.     I   cannot  identily  him,   but  he  is  ]>robably  allied  to- 
John  Biggs's  "cousin  Betts  of  Lengley,"  i.  e.  Langley,  eo.  Kent,  4 
miles  from  ^Maidstone. 

The  other  persons  named  are  probably  to  be  identified  here,  and 
the  presumption  would  be  that  they  were  also  from  Kent.  The 
"Goodman  Beall  who  went  from  CVanbrook"  in  John's  will,  is  doubt- 
less the  Thomas  Beall  of  liachel's  will ;  there  was  a  Thomas  at 
Lynn,  and  one  at  Cambridge,  says  Savage. 

"William  Bachiller,  whose  now  wife  is  also  noticed,  may,  will  be 
the  Charlestowii  man,  who  had  two  wives;  it  is  to  be  noticed  that 
Joseph  B.  of  Lynn  was  from  Canterbury,  Kent,  and  the  Lev. 
Ste[)hen  of  Lynn  may  yet  prove  to  be  from  that  county. 

Tliomas  Lyne  may  be  the  Charlestown  settler ;  the  name  is  usually 
called  Lynde. 

As  the  will  hereafter  printed  was  one  of  the  results  of  a  search  for 
a  supposed  fortune  belonging  to  the  descendants  of  John  Stowe,  it 
seems  proper  to  dejJ  with  that  delusion.  Clearly  John  Bigg,  if  he 
died  childless,  meant  as  to  his  English  property,  that  his  wife  was 
to  have  the  rents  of  liis  house  at  Maidstone,  and  of  his  land  at  Lyn- 
ton.  But  for  the  rents  of  his  other  lands  at  Cranbrook,  "Wetterslmm 
and  Lyd,  they  were  to  be  divided  between  Ilopestill  Foster  and  the 
four  s<Dns  of  John  Stowe.  Now  by  Sutf.  Deeds,  i.  31<8,  it  aj)pears 
that  Sept.  7,  1653,  an  agreement  was  made  between  Hopestill  Foster 
or  one  part,  and  Thomas,  Nathaniel  and  Samuel  Stowe  of  the  other 
part  (John  Stowe,  Jr.,  being  doubtless  dead),  as  to  the  wills  of  tlieir 
"deceased  uncles,  Smallhope  Bigg  and  John  Bigg,  both  of  Kent," 
agreeing  to  give  Foster  one  half  "  of  all  those  lands  in  Crambruoke, 
\\"ithersham  and  Lidd,  which  vSmallhope  Big!?  gave  unto  Samuel  Bigg, 
his  brother's  son,  and  Thomas  Stowe  andhis  son  John  as  heirs  to  John 
Stowe,  his  uncle  deceased."     The  other  half  was  to  goto  the  Srowes. 

This  would  seem  to  mean  that  there  had  been  an  earlier  inter- 
marriage between  the  Stowes  and  Biggees,  for  which  no  solution  can 
be  given  without  a  search  in  England. 

But  we  may  safely  assume  that  Foster  and  the  Stowes,  at  the 
ime,  looked  after  all  their  rights  and  sold  ail  the  lands  in  England 
to  which  they  had  any  claim.  It  is  interesting,  genealogically,  to 
know  whence  the  Stowes  came,  but  it  would  be  wrong  to  waste 
money  in  any  search  for  property  consumed  by  its  lawful  owners, 
doubtless,  two  centuries  ago.  "  w.  h.  w. 


256  Will  of  John  Bkjg.  [July, 


WILL    OF   JOnX   BICG. 

In  the  name  of  God  Anion.  The  17"'  daic  of  Aui^ist  in  the  yeare  of 
our  Lord  Clirist,  a  thousand  sixe  hundred  and  fortie,  I,  John  Biiri;  of 
Maidstou  iu  tlie  Countio  of  Kent,  jurat,  boeinije  by  the  mercie  of  God  in 
good  heallh  of  bodie,  and  of  peifect  remembrance  in  mind  for  the  which  I  doe 
give  thanks  unto  God,  doc  make  this  my  last  will  and  testament  in  man- 
ner and  forme  follo\vin<:e,  that  is 

First,  I  committ  my  soulo  unto  the  mercie  of  God  my  Creator  trusting 
assuredlie  thorrough  the  merittes  of  Jesus  Christ  my  Redeemer  and  Saviour 
to  be  made  partaker  of  lite  evcrlastinge,  and  my  bodie  to  the  earth  to  bee 
buried  at  the  discretion  of  my  wife  and  mine  Executor  Mr.  Andrew  Brough- 
ton,  whom  I  doe  ordaine  my  sole  executor  of  this  my  last  AVill  and 
Testament,  trusting  that  he  will  bee  carefuU  to  performe  the  trust  by  mee 
committed  to  him  herein.  And  now  concerning  my  teraporall  estate  I  dis- 
pose of  it  as  followeth.  Item.  I  do  give  to  the  ordinarie  poore  of  the 
parrishe  of  Maidstone  live  pounds  to  be  distributed  by  the  overseers  then 
being,  and  more  I  give  tiftie  poundes  towards  the  clothing  of  hfteene  poore 
people  whom  my  wife  and  executor  shall  thiuke  most  fitt  to  bestow  it  upon. 
Also  I  give  unto  Ivogor  ]>all,  John  Bowden,  William  Whetstone,  Samuel 
Browne  and  Samuel  Skclton  £').  a  piece,  and  to  widowe  Clarke  and  Mrs. 
Peirce  wiildow,  tiftie  shillings  a  piece.  Also  I  give  unto  the  poore  of  the 
parrish  of  Cranbrooke  tive  pounds  to  be  distributed  to  twentie  poore  goalie 
people,  by  my  brother  Peter  Masters,  and  James  liolden  of  the  same  par- 
rish, or  their  executors.  Also  I  give  to  the  poore  of  the  parri^h  of 
Biddenden  tive  pounds  to  be  distributed  to  honest  godlie  poore,  to  twen- 
tie poore  tive  shillings  a  piece,  at  the  discretion  of  Mr.  William  Randolph 
and  Mr.  Robert  Drayner  or  their  exec',  all  which  legacies  my  will  is  to  bee 
paid  within  six  months  after  my  decease.  Item.  I  doe  give  to  Susan  the 
wife  of  D;niel  Clarke  my  ancient  servant,  live  pounds  to  bee  paid  her  at 
twentie  shillings  a  yeare,  except  it  can  otherwise  att  discretion  of  my  exe- 
cutors bee  laid  out  for  her  good.  I  give  also  to  William  Lauraman  tive 
pounds  to  bee  paid  twentie  shillings  a  yeare.  Item.  I  do  give  unto  William 
Ayerst  fiftie  pounds  to  bee  paid  within  sixe  monthes  after  my  decease,  and 
my  mynde  and  will  is,  that  hee  takinge  my  stocke  and  living  in  my  house 
as  my  desire  is,  that  all  the  wares  except  hoftps  and  goods  that  hee  shall 
take  being  indifi'erentlie  prized,  that  he  shall  paie  on  one  half  of  them,  the 
other  half  so  soone  as  may  pay  my  debts  for  them  in  London,  or  else  so 
soon  as  my  executor  shall  v.ant  it  a  hundred  pounds  per  annum,  and  for  all 
my  debtes  that  shall  bee  then  owinue  me,  to  the  end  hee  may  take  some  pains 
and  bee  the  more  careful  to  gett  them  in,  that  hee  shall  have  one  shilling  per 
pound  allowed  him  out  of  them,  hee  doinge  his  best  endeavor  for  the  has- 
tening them  in,  and  acquaintinge  my  executor,  with  them  that  will  not  pale 
without  trouble,  that  speedie  course  bee  taken  with  them :  and  to  all  other 
my  servantes,  I  shall  have  livinge  with  mee  at  the  time  of  my  death,  I  give 
fortie  shillings  apiece  and  twentie  shillings  a  yeare  for  so  manie  years,  as 
they  have  lived  above  two  years  with  me.  if  such  bee  in  my  service,  to  be 
paid  within  sixe  months  after  my  decease.  Item.  I  give  to  Richard 
Weller  senior  of  Cranbrouk  fortie  shillings  :  To  Cheeseman  my  Porter  and 
fetcher  in  of  my  water,  fortie  siiillings  and  to  old  goodman  Greensm'th  of 
Loose,  fortie  shiliu:gs  and  to  widduw  Durliy  of  Stapelhurst  fortie  shillings 
and  old  goodman  Rumpv  or  Ids  wife  of  Harrisham  fortie  shillings.     To 


1875.]  Will  of  John  Bigg.  257 

Mrs.  "Warren  wicMow  Lite  of  Sandwich  five  pounrlos  and  Mr.  Harber  Mun- 
ster  of  Raisli  beside  Mellinge  live  pouiides,and  to  Mr.  Eluie.4on  shoolmastcr 
of  Maidstone  live  poundes.  desiring  him  to  preacli  at  my  funerall.  And  to 
Blr.  Goodacker  and  toIMr.  I'vain^iton,  brother  to  widdow  C'horletou  of  Loose, 
two  poore  godlie  ministers,  1  think  of  Sussex,  fifcie  shillings  a  piece  to  be 
I>aid  wil'iin  one  yeare  after  my  decease.  Item.  I  give  to  the  Corporation 
of  Maidstone  of  whioii  I  am  a  member  ten  pounds  towards  buying  a  new- 
mace  withall.  Item.  1  give  unto  Damarys  Wilson  now  livinge  with  mee, 
to  bee  paid  her  at  her  daie  of  mari-iage  or  at  the  years  of  one  and  twentie, 
one  hundred  poundcs,  tlve  pounds  a  yeare  to  bo  paid  for  the  hundred 
poundes  to  her  father  l^  mother,  if  her  father  dye  during  tlie  said  term,  it 
shall  bee  payable  to  her  beginning  the  time,  from  after  one  ^vhole 
yeare  after  my  decease.  Item.  I  give  unto  INIary  Tatuall  the  daughter 
of  Tho'  T.  now  li^-inge  with  me,  to  bee  paid  at  the  day  of  her  marriage 
or  at  one  and  twentie  years  of  age  twentie  poundes,  and  if  she  dye 
before  the  said  money  be  due,  then  I  give  it  to  her  sister  Judah  Tatnull  to 
be  payable  as  aforesaid.  Then  I  give  to  Pucknam  Johnson  now  livinge 
with  me,  tene  pounds  to  putt  him  out  apprentice  to  some  convenient  trade, 
when  he  shall  attain  the  age  of  14  or  15  yeares,  and  I  give  to  my  sister 
Johnson  his  mother  ten  poundes  to  bee  paid  by  twentie  shillings  a  yeare. 
I  give  to  my  cozen  Mills  widdow  living  at  Raysh,  and  to  my  cousin  Bot- 
ten,  widdow  liviufj  at  Brenchley,  and  to  my  cousin  Sarkeys  wife  oi  L(.-t.ds, 
to  each  of  them  turtle  shillings  a  piece,  and  to  my  cousin  Gaskyne  and 
my  cousin  Betes  living  about  Leugley  fortie  shillings  a  piece.  These 
legacies  to  be  paid  within  one  yeare  after  my  decease. 

^'^ow  concerning  my  lands  in  New  England,  my  will  is,  that  my  mother 
being  paid  twentie  pounds  a  year  out  of  it,  due  to  her  by  my  brothers  will 
out  of  his  house  at  Cranbrook,  that  she  shall  have  twentie  pounds  a  year 
more  out  of 'it  duringe  her  naturall  life,  and  that  my  sister  Foster  have 
twentie  pounds  a  yeare  out  of  it.  duringe  her  naturall  life,  and  my  brother 
St.owe  ten  poundes  a  yeare  out  of  it,  all  these  livinge  in  New-England.  ]Sow 
if  it  shall  not  yield  seventie  poundes  a  yeare,  then  I  will,  my  mother  to 
have  her  twentie  poundes.  a  year  at  Cranbrook,  to  be  paid  her  as  the  will 
goeth,  and  the  rent  of  that  in  Xew-En.dand  to  be  divided  between  my 
motler  there  and  sister  Foster,  and  my  minde  is,  that  after  their  decease, 
that  ill  my  lands  in  Ne^ -England  shall  goe  equallie,  the  rent  divided  to 
Ilopestill  Foster,  Thomas  Stowe,  John  Stow-e,  Nathaniel  Stowe  and  my 
brother  Stowe's  two  dauohrers,  one  parte  of  sixe  and  so  equallie  to  bee  di- 
viped  into  sixe  partes,  to  go  to  them  and  their  heires  forever,  and  for  the  one- 
half  of  it  after  my  mother's  or  sister's  decease,  to  come  presentlie  to  bet-  di- 
vided, and  my  brother  Stowe's  ten  poundes  a  year  also  after  his  decease- 
Now  concerning  my  lands  in  Old  England,  my  mind  is  that  my  wife  Sihtlla 
Bigg,  beside  her  Joyntare  shall  have  the  remayndere  of  that  my  house 
yeilueth,  that  lyeth  in  Maidstone,  which  I  now  live  in,  beside  the  twentie 
potmds  a  yeare,  which  I  hope  will  be  twentie  poundes  a  yeare  more,  and 
also  the  Rent  of  my  house  and  land  in  Lynton.  Besides  I  give  unto  her, 
one  huud.red  and  hftie  jiounds  to  bee  paid  within  one  yeare  after  my  decease, 
if  she  be  then  living  and  one  hundred  poundes  of  my  Flatte  and  houselKjld 
stuffe  to  take  where  she  pleaseth  after  that  is  prized.  And  if  Michatjltide 
or  our  ladie  day  full  not  out  within  one  moneth  after  mj-  decease,  my  will  is, 
that  within  one  moneth  after  my  decease,  my  executor  let  her  to  have  fortie 
pomides,  she  payinire  it  again  tlie  lirst  Rentes  she  coinea  to  receive.  And 
for  all  my  other  Rentes  at  Cranbrook,  "Wettersham,  L^^Iq,  which  is  about 


258  Will  of  John  Bigg.  [July, 

fjftie  pounfles  per  armum,  my  lei^ncles  and  debte?;  being  first  paifl,  and  {hat 
my  motlier  and  sister  Foster  recuivini,'  sixtie  [(onnds  a  yeare  at  least  in  Now 
England  ont  of  my  landos  tiiere,  tliou  my  mind  and  will  is,  that  ll(j')o 
Foster,  and  my  brother  Stowe's  tower  sonnes  before  named  shall  lia\t',  the 
Rentes  of  it  etiuallie  divided,  with  liberty  to  sell  either  of  their  partes,  being 
of  age  to  make  good  sale  of  the  same,  alwaies  provided  tliat  if  my  mother 
nnd  fcister  Foster  enjiy  not  the  former  sumo  of  three  score  pouudes  a  yeare 
in  New-England,  Tliey  shall  receive  the  rentes  of  this  during  their  life's, 
thirtie  poundes  a  yeare  my  Mother  Bigg,  and  twentie  poundes  a  yeare  my 
sister  Foster,  and  tlie  longest  liver  to  have  the  whole  tlftie  pounds  a  year 
daring  her  life,  and  after  to  the  uses  aforesaid,  and  afctr  their  decease  to 
goe  as  aforesaitl:  And  for  my  otiier  house  and  land  at  Ilorsmonden,  ten 
pounds  a  yeare,  one  whole  yeare  after  my  debt.s  and  legacies  are  paid,  I  give 
to  Elizabeth  Stowe  one  hundred  poundes  and  to  Thankful  Stowe  the  re- 
mainder of  it,  which  if  my  executor  will  not  give  one  hundi-ed  pouudes 
more  at  her  coming  of  age,  or  daie  of  marriage,  then  to  make  it  ui)p  a 
hundred  out  of  my  estate,  and  concerning  the  rest  of  my  lands  after  my 
wife's  decease,  which  will  be  aljout  three  score  poundes  a  yeare  or  upwards, 
if  my  mother  Bigg  be  then  livinge  and  my  sister  Foster  or  either  of  them, 
my  will  is  that  they  or  either  of  them  living  shall  have  twentie  pounds  a 
yeare  out  of  the  said  landos  l^O'^ides  liofore  giving  them  during  their,  or  either 
of  their  naturall  life's  and  after  my  wifes  decease,  or  either  of  theirs,  the 
Eemaynder  of  the  Rentes  aforesaid,  to  be  divided  as  my  will  is,  the  v\'hole 
shall  be  al'ter  all  their  decease.  Tiiat  is.  I  give  to  Hopestill  Foster  tifteene 
poundes  a  yeare,  to  John  Stowe  fifteen  poundes  a  year,  and  the  Hemainder 
to  be  equally  divided  between  Thomas  Stowe,  Samuel  Stowe.  John  Stowe 
and  Nathaniel  Stowe,  with  lil»ertie  either  of  them  to  sell  their  partes,  when 
its  come  unto  to  them  if  they  be  of  age  to  make  good  sale  of  it,  and  I  au- 
thorize my  executor  either  to  sell,  or  keep  the  aforenamed  ten  poundes  a 
yeare  of  rentes  in  Horsmanden  hee  payhig  tlie  twoe  legacies  given  to  Eliza- 
beth Stowe  aud  Thankful  Stowe  as  aforesaid. 

Item  I  give  unto  Elizabeth  Pell,  dwelling  with  me  ten  pounds,  besides 
what  money  shall  be  due  to  her  by  my  brother's  will,  and  one  accompt  at 
the  time  of  my  decease.  Also  I  give  to  my  cousin  Beatuxes  wife  of  Ten- 
terdeu  fortie  shillings  and  to  Marie  Terrie  in  New-England  to  be  paid  in 
one  whole  yeare  as  the  otlier.  Also  to  my  cousin  Godfrey  Martyne,  and 
to  my  cousin  Smith's  wife  of  Sadomi,  late  Saltman  live  poundes.  I  gis'e 
unto  my  cousin  "William  Boysse  furtie  poundes,  and  ten  poundes  in  house- 
hold stufTe,  of  that  remayning  unsold  in  my  house  at  Cranbrook,  and  tins 
to  be  paid  him,  when  he  discharges  such  bond  or  bonds  as  I  shall  at  the  time 
of  my  decease  bee  engaged  for  him,  if  any  bee,  and  If  none,  then  to  be  paid 
within  one  year  after  my  decease. 

Item.  I  o-ive  unto  John  Crumpe  sou  of  Thomas  Crumpe,  to  bee  paid  him 
within  one  yeare  after  my  decease,  tea  pounds  to  buy  him  books  with,  aud 
as  concerning  one  hundred  pounds,  I  received  a  guifi  of  my  brother  Beav- 
ons,  to  goe  towards  mayntenance  of  a  publick  scholar  sent  from  Canterburie 
to  Cambridge  for  seven  years,  if  hee  so  long  continued  there  which  accord- 
inglye  hath  been  performed,  yet  notwitlistandinge  if  it  bee  conceived  it 
was  meant  for  ever,  I  will  my  executor  with  my  wife  and  cousin  Touge  of 
Canterburie,  that  tbey  see  the  said  one  hunch-ed  pounds  settled  in  such 
way  as  may  be  most  agreeable  to  my  brotliers  will,  and  my  executor  seeinge 
if  so  to  bee  donj,  pay  the  one  hundred  which  I  ha'.e  received,  and  to  p/de. 
five  pounds  a  yeare  to  the  use  al'otesaid  till  hee  pale  it,  in,  or  bee  settled 


1865. J  Will  of  John  Bigg.  259 

aforesaid.  Item.  I  give  to  my  brother  Peter  Masters  of  Cranbrook,  ten 
poiuKles,  ami  to  lus  fuuer  children,  five  pouiides,  apiece,  to  be  jiaid  so  soon 
as  my  executor  sli-.ll  have  money  iu  his  liaudes,  afttT  my  former  legaci<;s  and 
debtes  bee  paid.  Item.  I  gi%^e  to  my  cousin  .James  IJate  of  New -England, 
to  cousin  Lyne  of  N'-w-Eugland,  to  each  of  them  fortie  shillings,  and  to 
Clement  IJate  and  Williain  I'achelor  each  of  them  five  pounds,  and  to  Ed- 
ward Whitu  .John  Comitton,  John  IMoore,  Thomas  IJridgden,  Goodman  Iji.-ale 
that  went  from  Cranl>rook  and  my  cou-it>  IJetts  there,  each  of  them  twentio 
shillings  a  piece,  and  ten  pounds  more  to  godlie  poore  in  New-England  bee 
given  by  the  discretion  of  my  Executor,  this  to  be  ])aid  next  after  my  brother 
Masters.  Also,  I  give  unto  my  Executor,  Mr.  Andrew  Broughton,  all  my 
parte  of  the  hopp  garden  on  my  brt)ther  Swynocks  land,  and  all  my  parte 
of  that  shipp  andst'-eke  called  the  London,  ]\Ir.  John  Eondon  being  maister 
of  it,  besides  all  his  expenses  hee  shall  at  any  time  or  occasion  layout  about 
tliis  executoishipp.  by  mee  committed  to  him,  and  if  it  sliall  hapi)en  my  wife 
should  bee  with  child,  when  I  dye,  then  my  mynde  and  will  is,  that  all  lega- 
cies of  my  lauds  given  in  Old  England  to  bee  voide.  and  goe  to  my  child, 
vrhether  it  beo  sonne  or  daughter,  but  if  it  live  not  to  the  age  of  one  and 
twentie  yeares,  or  bee  married  then  my  mynd  and  will  is,  that  my  legacies 
and  guitits  goe  as  aforementioned,  and  if  I  should  have  anie  child  before  or 
afLCV  my  dealli,  aud  iiii.s  my  will  not  altered,  and  that  anie  of  my  sister's 
children  in  New  England,  shall  seek  by  anie  means  or  device  of  law  to 
trouble  my  executor  or  heires  about  any  of  my  lands,  that  weare  either  my 
brother  Bigg's  or  mine,  that  that,  or  they  attempting  anie  law,  shall  make 
voide  all  his  or  their  parts,  of  landes  given  them  in  New-England,  or  other 
legacies  in  my  will. 

And  also  to  my  brother  Robert  Swinock,  I  give  a  stone  pott,  with  a 
guilded  lidd,  axid  also  to  my  mother  Mrs.  Dorothea  Maplisden,  my  brother 
Mr.  Jervis  Maplisden  and  his  wife,  my  brother  Mr.  Nynian  Butcher  and 
his  wife,  M'.  Robert  Swynock's  wife,  "Mr.  Thomas  Swynock,  my  brother- 
iudaw,  also  Mr.  Wilson  and  his  wife,  and  my  brother  Welding,  to  everie 
of  these  forty  shillings  a  piece  to  buy  them  a  ring  or  such  like  for  a  token 
of  remembrance,  and  to  Mrs.  Marie  Duke  twentie  shillings  to  buy  a  sugar 
loafe,  all  which  legacies  I  desire  to  be  paid  within  a  yeare  or  sooner,  if  my 
Exec  itor  have  money  in  his  hands,  and  further  my  will  is,  that  if  there  bee 
besidis  my  debtes  paid  aud  legacies  given,  one  hundred  poundes  or  tiftio 
poundes  spare,  that  if  the  Companie  do  goe  on  again  of  buying  in  of  Im- 
propriations, that  my  Executor  shall  paie  towards  the  furtherance  of  that 
pious  work,  within  sixe  moneths  after  it  comes  into  his  hands,  the  said  one 
hundred  poundes  or  if  not  so  much,  then  fiftie  pounds  if  it  bee  spare,  out  of 
my  estate  as  aforesaid,  and  after  this  bee  performed  if  anie  yet  bee,  my  will 
is  that  it  shall  be  e-iuailie  divided,  one  half  to  goe  to  ten  godlie  ministers, 
or  ministers  widows,  whereof  I  desire  jNF.  Elmeston  of  Cranbrook,  whom 
I  have  forgotten  in  my  will  to  have  partly,  and  the  other  halfe  to  bee  given 
to  such  godlie  poor  christians  as  my  wife,  my  executor  and  overseers  here- 
after mentioned  shall  think  litt. 

Aud  I  entreate  and  appoints  my  lovinge  friends  .James  Bolden  of  Cran- 
brook, Tho'  Lambe  of  Staplehurst  for  to  bee  overseers  of  this  my  last  will 
and  testameut  &  to  bee  aydinge  to  my  Executor,  by  their  advice  aud  coun- 
sell  for  the  better  performance  of  this  my  last  will  and  testament,  and  doe 
hereby  give  to  my  said  overseers,  for  their  paines  »fc  trouble  thesume  of  live 
poundes  a  piece,  to  b.e  paid  withui  sixe  moneches  after  my' decease  ;  and  Ir  is 
my  mynde  and  will  that  if  mine  Executor  shall  dye  before  my  Will  be 


260  Will  of  John  Blgcj.  [July, 

proved,  that  thon  my  two  overseers  sliall  bee  sole  executors  and  enjoy  to 
thorn  those  two  ;:;uil}tr.s  of  my  parte  of  the  IIoi)p  gruuixl  and  my  {lurti,-  of 
the  Sliipp  calhid  the  London  as  my  aforouientioned  executor  iMr.  IJroa-htou 
should  have  done.     It  is  also  my  AVil!  and  mynde,  that  if  it  shall  iiainuai  at 
any  time  that  anie  amhiL'^uitie,  doubt  or  rpiestion  shall  growe  or  arise  betweeue 
anic  ^vhatsocver  about  the  meaningo  of  this  my  "SVill,  or  any  parte  thereof 
by  reason  of  the  imperfection   or  defecte  of,  or  in   anie  words,  clauses   or 
sentences  in  this  my  will  that  then  and  for  the  further  and  better  explana- 
tion thereof  and  construction  of  the  said  ambiguitie  or  doubt,  I  will   and 
ordain  that  my  lovin^'e  friends   and   overseers   aforenamed,  that  they  shall 
expounde,  explain  and  interpret  the  same,  accordinge  to  their  wisdomes  and 
discretions,  and  as  shall  seeme  to  them  most  agreeal)]e  to  my  mynde  and  will ; 
and  the  same  so  determined  by  them  sliall  soe  stand  and  bee  whatsoever  may 
seeme  to  the   contrarie  in   my  'Will,  and  further  it  is  my  will  that  if  anie 
whomsoever   to  whom   I  have   in  this   my  will  given   any  guitft  of  laudes, 
legacies,  money  or  of  goodes  or  the  heires,  executors  of  anie  of  them  doe 
attempte  to  go  about  to  do  any  act  or  antes  thing  or  things  for  aliene,  alter, 
or  discontinue  this  my  will  and  ti-stament  or  anie  thing  therein  mentioned 
^and  shall  refuse  to  be  ordered,  and  not  abide  the  awarde   or  order  of  my 
lovinge  friendes  and  overseers  aforenamed,  or  of  one  of  them,  if  it  shall  fall 
out  but  one  of  ihcm  liviiigc,  v.hcu  the  donbt  or  Question  shall  arise,  or  the 
executor  of  them  ;  if  that  they  bee  all  dead,  if  anie  1  sale  shall  refuse  to  be 
ordered  b\-  him  or  them  as  aforesaid,  then  it  is  my  will  &  mynde  that  the 
persons  so  attempting  &  refusing  to  be  ordered  that  then  and  from  thence- 
forth his,  hers,  or  that  guitfle  or  guitftes,  legacie  or  legacies  whatsoever  by 
mee  formerlie  given  to  anie  such  bee  attested  void,  and  the  same  guiiFte,  so 
formalie  given  to  anie  shall  remain,  and  bee  to  such  person  or  persons  in  this 
my  will  mentioned  as  if  the  person  or  persons  so  attempting  were  dead  in- 
deed, anie   thing  before  in  this  my  will  declared  to  the  contrarie.     Also   I 
will  that  my  executor  and  overseers-  to  see  i)erformed  anie  legacie  or  guilfte 
in  my  brother  SmallLope  Biggs  will,  late  of  Cranbrook  which  shall  not  be 
performed  by  mee  before  my  death,  by  reason  of  not  beinge  due  or  forgotten 
or  also  if  anie  thing  in   my  Brother  Beacon's  will,  to  which  by  reason  of 
my  wife,  ought  by  me  to  be" performed  ;   al)Out  the  guitfle  of  one  hundred 
po  mdes  on  the  Rem;iynynge  part  of  a  lease  at  Cambridge,  I  desire  them 
acordynglie,  to  see  it  performed  in  what  they  shall  see  fitt  in  their  con- 
sciences or  by  law  by  mee  to  be  performed.     Aiso  it  is  my  will  that  anie  to 
whom  I  have  given  guitits  or  legacies,  that  if  at  the  time  of  my  death,  they 
are  indebted  to  me,  or  their  husliand,  that  they  shall  unsett  that  they  owe 
mee  or  so  much,  ;is  their  legacie  comes  unto.     Also  it  is  my  mvnde  and  will 
that  anie  charges  my  executor  or  overseers  shall  bee  att,  at  anie  time  about 
this  my  will,  that  it  shall  bee  allowed  them  over  and  beside  their  "-uilTtes  or 
legacies  by  mee  given.     In  "Witness  whereof  I  have  to  this  my  last  will  and 
testament  containing  three  sheetes  of  jtaper,  putt  my  hand  to  evrie  sheete 
thereof,  and  my  seal   to  this  last  sheete,  that  beeing  all  written  with  mine 
owae  hand  and  tinished  this  seven  and  twentiethe  d:tie  of  March  1641. 
Proved  7  Feb^  1012,  ly  the  Executors.         By  mee  Johx  BuxG. 


Dampnet.— rCopied  from  Xotarial  Records,  co.  Essex,  by  H.  F.  Waters.]  John- 
son Franklin,  Nov.  11,  ITJi,  :uid  William  :\Iooreiriii:,  Jan  4,  1724-.5,make  oath  that 
John  Dnnipnoy,  now  in  bnlr-L-i.  N.  K.,  i.^  the  rc;,i!red  son  of  Williaoi  Dampuey  of 
LynJhurst  parish  in  Greut  Uricain  who  lately  died  in  Salem. 


1875.]  Baptisms  in  Dover,  N.  II.,  1717 — 17GG. 


2G1 


1717. 

Octob.     G. 
Nov.     20. 

1718. 
March  30. 
Aug.     17. 
Sept.     28. 


Octob.  12. 
1710. 


May 
July 

July 
Aug. 
Sept. 


31. 
5. 

10. 
2. 

13! 


BAPTISMS  IN  DOVEE,  N.  II.,  1717— 17G6. 

Copt  OF  tue  Ket.  Jonathan  CcsniNc's  Rfxoru  of    Baptisms  in  Doveh,  N.  II., 

NOW  A  PAKl    OF   THK   RkCORDS   OF   TUE   "  FlRST   CilUKCn," 

Conimnnicated  by  John  R.  Ham,  M.D.,  of  Dover. 

Anna  DangU''  of  Capt.  Tim°  Gerrish. 
John  &  Elizabeth,  child"  of  Beuj''  Pierce. 

Thomas  &  Elihu,  Child"  of  John  Hayes. 

Gcrshom  Downs. 

James  Heard  &  Deborah  Ids  "Wife ;  Benjamin,  Deborah  6c 
IMary  their  Child".  Mary,  "Wife  of  Daniel  Ilorne;  Daniel, 
their  son.  Mary,  Wife  of  Samuel  Jones;  John.  Abigail  6c 
]\Iary  their  Child".  Widow  IMary  Ash  ;  Judith  her  Daugli' 
Ester  .Jones.    Abigail  Powers. 

Abigail  Hayes.    Peter  Cushing,  born  0  inst : 

Samuel  &  Bridget,  Child"  of  Joseph  Bierd. 

Martha  Wentworth,  &  her   Child"  Richard,    Thomas,  Ezekicl 

&  Damaris. 
John,  son  of  John  Wingate. 
Joseph,  son  of  Ann  Drew,  now  Titcomb. 
William,  sen  of  Tim°  Gerrish.     Mary,    D^   of   Paul  Gerrish. 

Ichabod  Hayes,  &  his  Cliild". 
Gershom,    Martha,    Thomas,  Rebekah,   &   John,     Child"  of 

Gershom  Do^tis. 

Sarah  Hall. 

Jonathan  Cushing,  bom  24'^  Inst.  Hezekiab,  son  of  John 
Hayes. 

IMary,  Daugh''  James  Pinkham. 

Hannah,  Wife  of  Nath'  Perkins.  Eliz%  Wife  of  John  Bickford, 
&  their  son  John.  JNIary,  Wife  of  Jacob  Allen,  ^fc  their 
Child".  Samuel,  son  of  Job  Clements.  The  Child"  of  Tris- 
tam  Heard. 

Humphrey  Foss.  Sam'  Heard,  and  Eliz"  his  Wife  ;  Expe- 
rience &  Elizabeth,  their  Child". 

Lydia,  Dangh''  of  James  Heard. 

Gershom  "Wentworth.    Fidellah  Hardy — negro. 

Ann  Evans,  Widow.     Ann,  D''  of  Daniel  Titcomb. 

Mary,  Daugh''  of  William  Chamberlain. 

Ezekiel,  sou  of  Ichabod  Hayes.    Samuel,  son  of  John  Wingate.. 

Abigail,   Daugh'   of   Capt.   Tim"  Gerrish.      Ichabod,   sou    of. 

Daniel  Horn  (Home). 
Samuel,  son  of  Paul  Gerrish. 
Abigail,  Daufrh"^  of  Tristam  CofRn. 
Peter  Hayesl  Ann  i^  Reuben  his  Child". 
Eiiz%  Daiigh""  of  Richard  Goodwin. 
23 


NoF.     10. 

1720. 
March    6. 
«     27. 


May 
July 


00 


.July     31. 


Aug. 

13. 

Ociob. 

2. 

Octob.  30.     . 

172 

1. 

Feb. 

12. 

April 

16. 

June 

11. 

July 

2. 

;( 

so'. 

Sept. 

3. 

Octob. 

15. 

VOL 

XXIX 

262 


Baptisms  in  Dover,  JST.  H.,  1717— 176G.  [July, 


1722. 

Jau. 

7. 

March  18. 

ii 

25. 

April 
May 

22. 

tj. 

13. 

June 

3. 

July 

1. 

July 

8. 

Sept. 
Octob. 

2_ 
14. 

Kov. 

25. 

Dec. 

IG. 

1723. 

Feb. 

10. 

March  17. 

a 

18. 

April 

]i[ay 

19. 
26. 

July 

14. 

Aug. 

4. 

u 

25. 

Octob. 

15. 

Dec. 

8. 

li 

15. 

li 

2d. 

172 

4. 

Jan. 

12. 

Feb. 

2. 

March 

.    8. 

li 

15. 

April 

19. 

IMay 

3. 

June 

21. 

a 

26. 

July 

5. 
16. 

U 

19. 

Aug- 

2. 

ii 

9. 

Sept. 
Octob. 

13. 
25. 

172 

5. 

Feb. 

21. 

March 

.25. 

April 
Mav 

4. 
9. 

Deborah  Cusliing,  born  6"^  Inst. 

Jane,  D-  of  Tristan;  Collin- 

Hannah,  "Wife  of  William  Jones. 

Krubcn,  son  of  Trisram  Heard. 

Matiirin  Piicker  &  Ilannali  his  Wife.    Elizabeth  Twombly. 

Joseph  Kicker  cS:  Eliz''  his  Wife,  6c  John  their  Child. 

John,  son  of  Samuel  Hearfl. 

Ilauuah,   Nath',   IMary    &    .James — Cliild"    of  Thomas    Nock. 

Josepli,  son  of  Peter  Hayes. 
William,   sou  of   Daniel   Titcomb.      Lois,    Daugh'  of  James 

Pinkham. 
Elizabetli.  D'  of  John  Hayes. 
Tamsen.  Wife  of  Joseph  Ham  &  their  D""  Jane. 
C;ipt.  Benj"  Wentworth. 
John  *fc  Elizabeth,  Child"  of  Benj^  Weutuorth. 

Pebekah,  D'  of  William  Chamberlain. 
Daniel,  son  of  John  Wingate. 
Job,  sou  of  Job  Clements. 
Eieanor,  Dau-jh'  of  William  Jones. 
Nathaniel,  son  of  Timothy  Gerrish. 
Susanna,  D''  of  Paul  Gerrish. 
Mercy,  D''  of  Thomas  Nock. 
Thomas  vStarboard. 

soil  of  Icliabod  Hayes. 

Tristam.  son  of  Tristam  Heard,  Jun'. 
Phebe,  D''  of  James  Heard. 
William  Gushing — born  26"'  Inst. 

Edward  Pevey. 

Tristam,  son  of  Tristam  Colfin.    Abigail,'  D'  of  Capt.  Benj'' 

Wentu-orth.    Sarah,  D''  of  Doct.  Jonathan  Crosbee. 
Joseph  Daniels. 

Hannah.  D'  of  Penj"  Twombly. 
Abra,   D-  of  .J<;hn  Hayes.      Sarah  &  Mary,   twin    Dangh"  of 

Daniel  Tltcoml).    Richard,  son  of  Richard  Goodwin. 
John,  Hannah  Ot  Elizabeth — Child"  of  Richard  Plumuier. 
Richard,  son  of  Gt;r.shom  Downs. 
Sam'  Catniey.  Sen'. 
Benj",  son  of  Peter  Hayes. 
•John  Twombly,  sen'. 
iMary,  D'  of  1  >aniel  Horn. 
Sarah,  D'  of  Joseph  Ricker. 

Sarah,  AVife  of  Daniel  Plnmmer.     Tamsen  Wentvrorth 
Ephraim  &  Hanuali,  Child''  of  Dan'  Plummer. 
Hannah,  D'  of  Jauu-.s  Pinkham. 

Tamsen.  D'  of  Benj^'  Twombly. 
Judith,  Wife  of  Cunt.  Thomas  Tibbets. 
iNIaro'crv  *.^  LyiHa  Fos.s. 

Thomas    Ti!:l.etrs    ct    Sarah  his  Wife,    &  Thomas   their  sou. 
Widow  Judith  Tibbetts  6i  her  Child"  viz.,    INIary,  Samuel, 


1875.]  Baptisms  in  Dover,  JST.  11. ,  1717—1766. 


263 


June 

IC. 

2U. 

Julv 

31. 

Au.^. 

22. 

Sept. 

26. 

Octob 

.  11. 

172 

G. 

April 
May 

a. 

24. 

8. 

29. 

June 

12. 

July 

3. 

July 

7. 
^17. 

July 

24. 
31. 

Auff.      7. 


Sept. 
Octob. 

25. 
23. 

1727. 

Jan. 

15. 

April 
June 

2. 

1 

Sept 

3. 
17. 

Octob. 

22. 

1728. 

Jan. 

.T 

Feb. 

18. 

(( 

25. 

March  19. 

April 

7. 

Judith  &  Ichaboa.  Samuel  Willey.  Simon,  son  of  Na- 
thaniel Kandel. 

Sarah  Horn. 

Abisiail,  D'  of  Joshua  Perkins. 

BeriJ^  Foss. 

William  Wentworth. 

Joshua,  son  of  Johu  Wiugate.  James,  son  of  .James  Heard. 
"Wilham,  son  of  William  Jones. 

Philip  Faton. 

Moses,  son  of  Ichabod  Hayes. 

Robert,  son  of  Johu  Hayes. 

Jonathan,  sou  of  Paul  Gerrish. 

John,  son  of  Daniel  Titcomb.     jMehetabel,  D'  of  Peter  Hayes. 

Joseph  Heard  &  Rebecca  his  Wife.    John  Waldron,  Jun'  ^  his 

son  John. 
Reuben,  son  of  Maturin  Ricker. 
The  other  Child"  of  Maturin  Richer.    Ephraim,  son  of  Joshua 

Perkins.    Sanmel  &  Judith,  Chik^  of  Sam'  Heard. 

Daniel,  son  of  Daniel  Plummer.    Noah,  son  of  Joseph  Ricker. 

Samuel  Cromwell  and  Rachel  his  Wife,  &  their  Child".    William 

Downs  &  his  Child",  —  Samuel,  William  &  Phebc.    James 

Hobbs  &  his  Child''. 

Bidfield,   son  of  Richard  Plummer.    Hannah,   D'  of  Richard 

Goodwin. 
Rachel,  D''  of  Benj^  Twombly. 
Love,  D'"  of  Thomas  Nock. 

Elizabeth  Gushing — born  6'"  Inst. 
Dorcas,  D''  of  Maturin  Ricker. 
Sarah,  D''  of  James  Pinkham. 
Benjamin,  son  of  Daniel  Horn. 
Lydia  Canney. 
Jonathan,  son  of  John  Wingate. 

Benjamin  Hayes  &  his  son  Benjamin. 

Deborah  Canney.     Elizabeth  Hanson. 

Daniel,  son  of  Joseph  Libbey. 

Temperance.  D''  of  Zackary  Nock. 

Jeremiah  Railings  &  Elizabeth  his  Wife  &  their  Child",  :\Tary, 
Lydia,  Deborah,  Sarah,  Ichabod  &  Elizabeth.  Samuel  R;ui- 
del  &  EiizMiis  Wife  &  their  Child"  Mary,  Samuel.  & 
Eliphalet.  Samuel  Corson  «S;  IMary  his  Wife,  &  their  Child" 
Joanna,  iMary,  Samuel,  Ichabod  &  Hannah.  Joseph  Pevey 
&  Child  Esther.  Sarah,  Wife  of  Zackary  Nock,  &  their 
Child"  Joshua,  Joseph,  Zackary  &  Benjamin.  John  Tt- b- 
betts  &  JMary  his  Wife,  &  their  Child"  Timothy,  William, 
Moses,  Joshua,  Hannah,  Abigail  &  Mary.  The  Child"  of 
Sam'  Jones,  viz.:  Samuel,  Ebenezer,  Elizabeth.  Dorcas, 
Mary  &  Esther.  Hannah,  D'  of  William  Jones.  Ebenezer, 
son  of  .John  Roberts.  The  Child"  of  Philip  Yeaton.  viz.  : 
Phebe,  William  &  Philip.  Abigail  Pitman.  Judith  Power, 
Richard  Clay. 


264 


Baptisms  in  Dover^  iV.  H.^  1717 — 17G6.  [July, 


April 

May 

21. 
12. 

June 

3. 

« 

p. 

i( 

16. 

(( 

23. 

Aug. 

18. 

Sept. 

1. 

8. 

Octob 

.27. 

ii 

31. 

Dec. 

8. 

a 

26. 

172 

9. 

Feb. 

18. 

(( 

23. 

iSIarct 

I    2. 

a 

16. 

May 

25. 

June 

15. 

a 

29. 

July 
Aug. 

27. 

18. 

(( 

24. 

u 

26. 

u 

31. 

Sept, 

14. 

Nov. 

9. 

u 

23. 

Dec. 

7. 

1730. 

Jan. 

4. 

i( 

18. 

April 

12. 

26. 

May 

3. 

« 

31. 

June 

7. 

li 

14. 

a 

21. 

July 

26. 

Aaron,  son  of  Ichabod  Hayes. 

William  Whiteliousc  &  his  D""  Elizabeth.    Wentworth,  son  of 

John  Hayes.     Ilanunh,  D'  of  William  Wentworth. 
Benjamin,  son  of  Daniel  Plummer. 
Elizabeth,  D""  of   Daniel   Titcomb.      Joseph,   son   of  Jo.sc-ph 

Kicker.     Abir;ail,  lY  of  Benjamin  Hayes. 
Abigail,  A\  ifo    of    John    Ham,   &   their    Child"  Elizabeth  & 

Abiiiail. 
John  Hurn  Sc  Elizabeth  his  Wife,  &  their  Child"  Isaac,   Eliza- 
beth »?o  Mary.    Abra,  D'  of  Benjamin  Twombly.  Joseph  Hall. 
Surah,  D-  of  Gcrshom  Dciwus. 
William,  son  of  John  jMcDutfee. 
Joseph,  sou  of  Joseph  Heard. 
John,  son  of  Peter  Hayes. 
Nathaniel  Perkins. 
Mary,  D'  of  Daniel  Greene. 
Abigail,  AVife  of  Icliabod  Tibbetts,  and  their   Child"  Judith, 

Abigail  &  Nathaniel. 

Margaret,  Wife  of  Thomas  Wallingford. 

Thomas,  son  of  DocL''  Thomas  oMiller.    Thomas,  son  of  William 

"Downs.     EUzabeth,  D""  of   Samuel  Randel.     Sarah,  D'  of 

James  Hoblis.     Sarah,  D""  of  Benjamin  Weymouth. 
Jane,  D""  of  John  Mac  Scovy. 
Tamseu,  Wife  of  John  Hayes. 
Benjamin,   son  of   Gershom   Wentworth.      Ebenezer,  son  of 

William  Chamberlain. 
Elizabeth  Church. 
Hannah,  D''  of  ]Mical  Emerson. 
DaTiiel,  son  of  Joshua  Perkins. 
William,  son  of  Robert  Knight. 
Abigail,  D""  of  John  Carter, 
Hannah.  D'  of  Maturin  Kicker — in  private. 
Joseph  Richards.     .Joseph  Connor  &  Sarah  his  Wife. 
Abigail,  Wife  of  Moses  Wingate,  &  their  Child"  Edmund    & 

Abigail. 
Ruth,  D'  of  James  Davis. 

Moses  &  EUzabeth,  twin  Child"  of  John  Wingate. 
Mary  Lord. 

Ephraim,  son  of  Joseph  Hanson. 

Pliilip  Stagpole  &  Child"  Sarah,  William,  Lydia  &  Elisha. 

Thomas,  son  of  Dr.  Thomas  Miller. 

Lydia,  D'  of  Major  Paul  Gerrish. 

Jonathan,  son  of  James  Piukham.  Abigail,  D''  of  Jonathan 
Copps. 

Samuel,  son  of  Maturin  Ricker. 

George,  son  of  Benj*  Hayes.     Joseph,  son  of  Robert  Knight. 

Hannah,  D*"  of  James  Heard. 

John,  son  of  Tristam  Coffin. 

Mary,  Wife  of  W".  Foss,  »&  her  Child",  viz. :  Lydia  &  Timo- 
thy Hanson  (by  her  I''  Husband,  Benj"  Hanson),  &  Mary 
(by  W".  Foss).     BcthiaHaU. 


1875.]  Baptisms  in  Dover,  JST.  B.,  1717— 176G. 


265 


Au: 


Sept. 

13 

20. 

Octob. 

4. 

ii 

11. 

« 

25. 

1731. 

March  21. 

a 

23. 

April 

18. 

25. 

May 
June 

2 
20. 

it 

24. 

<( 

27. 

Aug. 

22. 

29. 

Octob 

31. 

Nov. 

28. 

1732. 

April 

May 

June 

30. 
14. 
25. 

July 
Aug. 

2. 

30. 

Octob 

22. 

Nov. 

22. 

(( 

26. 

173 

3. 

March  IS. 

April 
Mav 

Jnlv- 

25. 
13. 

May     29. 


Auij. 

20. 

Sept. 

2. 

a 

23. 

a 

30. 

Octob. 

28. 

Nov. 

11. 

173 

4. 

Feb. 

10. 

(( 

24. 

May 

13. 

VOL 

.  XXIX 

John  Hanson,  sou  of  Mary  Foss,  Wife  of  W"".  Foss.     Deborah, 

D'  of  Moses  "Wingate. 
^lary,  D'  of  John  ll;im,  jun'. 
Rcbccra,  D'  of  Joseph  Heard. 

Abigail,  Wife  of  Uan'  Meserve,  jun^  &  their  Child  Joseph. 
Tamscii  Ham.      Sam'  son  of  John  Hayes. 
John,  Son  of  William  Whitehouse. 
Eliz",  Wife  of  Ezra  Kimbal,  and  their  Child  Mary.    Paul,  son 

of  Daniel  Horn.      Abigail,  D'  of  Ichabod  Hayes. 
Jonathan,  son  of  Nathaniel  Randel. 

Dorothy,  D''  of  William  Chamberlain. 

Blatthew,  son  of  John  ilac  Scovy. 

Ebenezor,  son  of  Daniel  Plummer. 

^Mary,  D'  of  William  Weutworth. 

Hobart  &  Mary,  Child"  of  Hobart  Stevens. 

Daniel,  son  of  Daniel  Titcomb.    Sarah,  D'  of  Joseph  Rickford. 

"  At  Rocliester,  N.  IL,  at  ye  Dedication  of  ye  new  meeting 
Houie — baptized  by  ]Mr.  Adams,"  Jonathan,  son  of  Jona- 
than Copps  ;  James,  sou  of  John  Mac  DutFee ;  John,  son  of 
John  Blaekden. 

Daniel  &  Elizabeth,  Child"  of  Doct'  Jonathan  Crosbee. 

Eunice,  D''  of  William  Twombly. 

Richard,  son  of  Ezra  Kimball. 

Welthean,  D'  of  John  Huckins. 

Chatborn,  son  of  W".  Foss. 

Mary  Church. 

Elizabeth,  D^  of  Benjamin  Hayes. 

Jonathan,  son  of  Dea"  Jolm  Hayes. 

Nelabe,  D'  of  Ezekiel  Weutworth. 

Benjamin,  son  of  Col.  Paul  Gerrish. 

Abigail,  D''  of  Mica  Emerson. 

Sarah,  D''  of  vSamuel  Heard — in  private. 

Susanna.  D''  of  Tristam  Coffin. 

Ebenezer,  son  of  Moses  Wingate. 

Lydia  &  Joanna,  twin  Child"  of  Peter  Hayes — in  private. 

Lucy,  D'  of  W'".  Whitehouse. 

John,  son  of  John   Ham.     Mary,  D"^  of  John   Blaekden,  of 

Rochester,  N.  H. 
Mary,  Wife  of  Tim"  Emerson,  &  their  Daugh'  Hannah.    iVnn, 

ly  of  Joseph  Hall. 
Daniel,  son  of  William  Foss. 
Elizabeth  &  Hannah  Bampton. 
Dorothy,  D'  of  .John  Wingate. 
John  Church,  &  Child"  .John  &  Daniel. 
Haunah,  D'  of  Benj'^  Hayes. 
John,  son  of  W™.  Twombly,  jun''. 

John  Horn  &  Child"  Mary  &  Sarah. 
Mary  Ditte. 

Da\-id.  son  of  Daniel  Titcomb. 
23* 


2G6 


Baptisms  in  Dover,  S^.  II.,  1717 — 17GC. 


[July, 


Jujie 

IG. 

July 

2S. 

Aug. 

4. 

Sept. 

22. 

Octob. 

6. 

(k 

i:j. 

Nov. 

8. 

Dec. 

15 

173 

5. 

March 

2. 

June 

22! 

July 

13. 

Aug. 

10 

u 

17. 

Sept. 

7 

u 

21 

li 

27 

(( 

28 

\i 

30 

■Octob 

24 

Nov.       9. 

"  23. 
Dec.     28. 

1736. 
Jan.      13. 

«  30. 
Feb.  22. 
Marcn-21. 


March  28. 


May 
(( 

(C 

July 
Ik 

AujT. 


9. 
23. 

29. 
18. 
2o. 


Thomas,  son  of  Sam'  Davis. 

Sanmol,   sori   of  Timothy  Emerson.      Deborah,    D'  of  John 

Deraerritt. 
Abigail,  D'  of  TC/ia  Kimbal. 
Abigail,  D'  of  Dani-.-l  Horn. 
William,  sou  of  William  Catc. 
Thon)as    Horn    &  Child"  Judith,  Margaret,  Samuel,  Abigail, 

Dnisilla.  Nathan  &  Elizabeth. 
Joseph  Cheslov — in  private. 
Elizabeth  &  JMartha  Varney. 

Hannah,  D''  of  Widow  Abigail  Hayes. 

Abigail,  D"'  of  John  Huckiiigs. 

Hannah,  D'  of  Capt.  Tristam  Coffin.  Dodavah,  son  of  Benj" 
Hayes.  Job,  sou  of  Job  Demerritt.  Susanna,  D'  of  Ed- 
ward Tibbetts. 

Lydia,  D''  of  reter  Hayes. 

]Mary,  Wife  of  Xehemiah  Iviraball,  &  Child".  Moses,  son  of 
Ezekiel  Wentworth. 

John,  son  of  John  Oerrish. 

John,  son  of  Zecbariah  Edgerly.     W"".  son  of  W™.  Whitehouse. 

Noah,  son  of  John  Wingate. 

Moses,  &  Jonathan,  Cliild"  of  John  Gage. 

Stephen,  son  of  Sam'  Heard. 

William,  Paul  &  I']benezer,  Child"  of  John  Heard,  all  of  whom 
died  within  two  days  after. 

Ephraim  Ham  &  Arma  his  Wife,  &  their  Child"  Joshua, 
Ephrain:,  INIoses  &  Aaron. 

Abigail,  D'  of  Daniel  Titcomb. 

Daniel,  son  of  Sam'  Heard — in  private. 

At  Rochester,  N.  H.,  on  a  fast  Day,  Mary  the  D''  of  Benj* 
Foss,  &  Samuel,  sou  of  W™.  Chamberlain. 

Anna  &  Israel.  Child"  of  Isaac  Libbey. 

Deborah  and  Daniel,  Child"  of  Daniel  Harvie,  jun^ 

John  Robert?  &  Child"  Sam^  &  Eliza — and  his  wife's  chUd 
Joseph.  Eliza,  Wife  of  Solomon  Emerson,  &  Child  Micah. 
Benjamin,  sou  of  Robert  Tomson.  Benj"'  &  Hannah.  Child" 
of  John  Buzzell.  Samuel,  John,  Ebenezer  &  Rebecca, 
ChUd"  of  John  Tasker.  Joseph  &  Benj%  Child"  of  Archi- 
bald Smith.  James  &  Robert,  ChUd''  of  James  Jackson. 
•Sam',  son  of  Sam'  Chesley. 
Abigail,  D""  of  Tim"  Emerson.  Elizabeth,  Wife  of  John 
Young,  &  their  Child"  Thomas,  Aim,  jNIary  &  John.  Elea- 
nor, Wife  of  Thomas  Ash,  &.  their  Child"  Mary,  Thomas, 
Judith  &  Benjamin.  James  &  Dorothy,  Child"  of  Joshua 
Perkins. 

Hannah  Hall. 

Mary,  D'  of  Joseph  Hall. 

Eliz*  &  Sam',  Child"  of  Sam'  Drown — in  private. 

Eliz%  D""  of  .James  Hanson. 

Eiiz^  &  William,  Child"  of  Sam'  Wille,  jun''. 

Eliz*,  Wife  of  Sam'  Wille,  jun"-,  &.  Child  JVIary.  Ebenezer, 
son  of  John  Ham. 


1875.]  Baptisms  in  Dover,  K.  H.,  1717—1766. 


267 


Sept. 

5. 
12. 

Octob. 

3. 

(( 

10. 

(( 

17. 

u 

31. 

Dec. 

9. 

173' 

1. 

Jan. 

21. 

u 

27. 

li 

29. 

Feb. 

6. 

April 

17. 

25. 

(( 

30. 

May 
June 

15. 

12. 

(( 

26. 

Aug. 

21. 

Sept. 

12. 
25. 

Octob 

2. 

u 

12.* 

it 

23. 

Nov. 

27. 

Dec. 

4. 

1738. 

March    9. 

April 

2. 

30. 

May 

7. 
14. 

a 

21. 

June 

25. 

July 

2, 

9. 

u 

23. 

Aug. 

6. 

<( 

13. 

K 

20. 

« 

27. 

Sept. 

3. 
17. 

Octob.  15. 

Nov. 

5. 

Dec. 

12. 

Charles,  son  of  John  Blackden. 

Lydia,  D^  of  Nohemiah  Kirubal.     Mary,  D'  of  .Joseph  Bickford . 

Ann,  D''  of  oMoses  Wiugato. 

Shadtach  llol^don  aud  ^Nlary  his  Wife,  &  their  Child"  Ann  & 

Israel. 
Dudl;y  Watson,  &  his  son  Dn.Hcy.     Nathaniel   Horn,   &c  his 

son  NatV. 
John,  son  of  John  Heard.     Ehz%  D'  of  Ezra  Kimbal. 
Mary  Hanson,  upon  her  death  bed. 

Joseph  &  Paul,  Child"  of  Gershom  Downs. 

Ponifret  Dame,  aged  14  years. 

John,  son  of  John  Mardin. 

Aaron,  sou  of  John  "SYingate. 

George,  son  of  John  Gerrish. 

Spencer  "Wentworth — in  private. 

William,  sou  of  John  Gage. 

Paul,  son  of  John  Demerritt. 

Betty  &  Anna  Hartford.     Henry,  son  of  Edward  Tibbetts. 

Anna,  D'  of  Ephraim  Ham. 

Mary  &  Sarah,  ChikP  of  John  Marden. 

Bcnj%  son  of  Capt.  Thomas  Miller. 

John,  son  of  John  Huckings. 

Ichabod,  son  of  Peter  Hayes. 

John,  son  of  Capt.  Thomas  Miller. 

Patience,  Wife  of  Benj''  Ham,  &  their  Child"  Mary  &  John. 

Martha,  D'  of  Samuel  Heard.     Joseph,  son  of  Shadrach 

Hodgdon.     INIary,  D'  of  John  Wood. 
Joshua,  son  of  Joshua  Perkins. 
Love,  Wife  of  Capt.  Thomas  Miller,  &  their   Child"^  Abigail, 

Thomas,  Hannah,  Elizabeth  &  Lydia. 

Sarah  Watson — on  a  sick  bed. 

Mary,  D''  of  WilHam  Whitehouse. 

Enoch,  son  of  Daniel  Titcomb.     Eliz'   D' of  Nathaniel  Home. 

James,  son  of  Ichabod  Tebbetts.     Sarah,  D'  of  Joseph  Bickford. 

Lydia,  D'  of  W"^.  Foss. 

Elizabeth,  D""  of  Samuel  Hodge. 

Jacob,  son  of  W'".  Chamberlain. 

Israel,  son  of  John  Ham.     Eli,  son  of  Job  Demerritt. 

Benj%  son  of  Paul  Gerrish. 

Widow  Eliz*  Jones,  &  her  daugh'  Ana. 

Daniel,  son  of  Nehemiah  Kimball.     John,  son  of  John  Church. 

John  Davis,  son  of  Daniel  Rogers. 
Mary,  D""  of  George  Home. 

Sarah,  D''  of  John  Wingate.     Moses,  son  of  Moses  Wingate. 
Paul,  son  of  Thomas  Home.    Lydia,  Wife  of  Arthur  Danielson, 

&  their  Child"  Sarah  &  Mary. 
Humphrey,  son  of  Joseph  Hanson. 
Deborah,  D'  of  Tristam  Cothn. 
William,  son  of  John  Heard. 
Joseph,  son  of  Joseph  Hall. 
Paul  Roberts — upon  a  sick  bed. 


268 


Baptisms  in  Dover,  iV.  //.,  1717 — 176G. 


[July, 


Dec. 

25. 

1739. 

Jan. 

4. 

Feb. 

11. 

a 

18. 

March  11. 

u 

13. 

11 

18. 

<( 

25. 

April 

5. 
15. 

May 

3. 
27. 

June 

10. 

li 

24. 

July 
Aug. 

1. 
19. 

(( 

26. 

Sept. 

20, 

Sept. 

23. 

30. 

Octob. 

,    1. 

li 

7. 

1740. 

Jan. 

27. 

March  21. 

April 
May 

13. 
4. 

June 

8. 

C( 

15. 

U 

22. 

(t 

30. 

July 

29. 
31. 

Aug. 

10. 

<( 

24. 

Sept. 

21. 

28. 

John  Foye — upon  a  sick  bed. 

Daniel,  son  of  Zecliariah  Efljxerly. 

Sarah,  D'  of  John  ]Ui'>»'rf<: — being  sick. 

Lucy,  D"'  of  Dudley  AV'atson. 

Abigail  <Sc  Joseph,  CbiM"  of  Jona.  Thomson — in  Durham. 

John,  son  of  John  Sanborn. 

Sarah,  D'  of  Timothy  Emerson.  Joseph,  son  of  Solomon 
Emerson.     Isnaf  &  .James,  sons  of  James  Lcigliton. 

Patience,  D''  of  Benj*  Ilani.     Eli/abeth,  D'  of  John  Mardin. 

Susamia,  D'  of  Capt  Thomas  Miller. 

Ichabod,  sou  of  Ephraim  Ham.    Sarah,  D'  of  Sam^  Whiteliouse. 

Samuel  Ham — on  a  sick  bed. 

Patience,  Wife  of  W">.  Hill,  Jua'. 

<Sarah,  D''  of  "William  Cate. 

Levi,  son  of  Arthur  Dauielson. 

Sarah  Dittey. 

Ezra,  son  of  Ezra  Kimball. 

Samuel,  Stephen  &  Lydia,  Child"  of  Widow  Lydla  Ham. 

Baptized  at  y*  meeting  IP  in  y*  S.  W.  part  of  y*  Town  (now 
I\radbury).  liebecca  &  Sarah  Child"  of  Thomas  Bickford. 
Jonathan,  son  of  Daniel  Harde.  Abraham,  son  of  John 
Buzzell.  Solomou,  son  of  Solomon  Emerson.  Judith,  D' 
of  Tarn'  Jackson.  Thomas,  sou  of  .Joseph  Johnson.  Joan- 
na, D^  of  David  Daniel.  Abigail,  Benj^'  &  Lydia,  Child"  of 
W^.  HiJI,  jun^ 

Mary  Tibbetts. 

Susannah,  D"^  of  .John  TV'ood. 

Mary  Tworably,  on  her  Death  bed. 

Samuel,  son  of  Richard  Jones. 

Samuel,  son  of  Samuel  Hodge. 

Daniel  &  Shadrach,  Child"  of  Daniel  Ham. 

Sarah,  D"'  of  John  Gerrish. 

John,  son  of  .John  Woodman.     Sarah,  \y  of   ^ 

Stephen  Jones.     Nathaniel,. son  of  Elipha-    >  At  Durham, 
let  Daniel,  Hannah,  D'  of  Thomas  Chesley.  ) 

George  Home  &  his  DauLrh"'  Elizabeth. 

Mary^  D^  of  Shadrach  Hodgdon.  Sarah,  D'  of  W"".  White- 
house. 

Benjamin,  son  of  .John  Church. 

Samuel,  son  of  Isaac  Clark  of  Durham. 

Love  Clark  (in  private — being  sick). 

Eliz^  D^  of  Joseph  Hicks.  Betty  &  Lois,  Child"  of  Francis 
Drew.  Clement,  son  of  Daniel  iSIeserve.  Nathaniel,  son 
of  Henry  Buzzell.     David,  sou  of  Joseph  Johnson. 

Robert,  son'of  W"'.  Hill. 

Ephraim  Wentworth  «&  Child",  viz.,  Mary,  Grant,  WiUiam, 
Ephraim  &  Martha-  Anna,  D"  of  Joshua  Perkins.  Mary, 
LK  of  John  Roberts. 

Paid,  son  of  John  Ham.     Eliz%  D^  of  W"'.  Twombly. 

Benj*,  sou  of  Moses  Wingate.  Spencer,  son  of  Ephraim 
Wentworth. 


Nov. 

23. 

174 

1 

March     1 . 

(( 

12. 

u 

21. 

May 

24. 

(I 

31. 

June 

7. 

u 

14. 

u 

17. 

July 

19. 

Aug. 

9. 

Sept. 

10. 

1875.]  BajJtisms  in  Dover,  J\\  //.,  1717— 176G.  269 

Haunah  Jackson. 

Eli//,  D'  of  John  Wood. 

IMaiy,  Hannah,  &   Susannah,   D'^  of  John   Young.     Rebecca, 

D'  of  Icliabod  Tibbetts  (in  John  Young's  house). 
Susanna  ct  I]enjamin  Chil'l"  of  Ceo.  Chesley — in  Durham. 
Francis   L^i;    Elijah,    Cliild"  of  Joseph   Drew.     Kachcl,   D'  of 

Geor!:::e  Home. 
Mary,  D'  of  Cb.eney  Smith.   Moses,  son  of  Ezekiel  "Wentworth. 
IMary,  D''  of  Vincent  Torr. 

John,  sou  of  William  Cate.     David,  son  of  Dudley  Watson. 
Joseph,  son  of  John  Demerritt.    Rebecca,  D'  of  John  II  uckings. 
Richard,  son  of  Richard  .Jones. 

Abigail,  D''  of  Job  Demerritt.     Aaron,  son  of  James  Lcighton. 

Sarah,  D''of  John  Buzzell.     John,  son  of  John  Rowe.    Samuel, 

son  of  Solomon  Emerson.     JNIeribah,  D''  of  Joseph  -Jackson. 

"       27.     Josiah,   son   of  John  Heard.      Elijah,   son   of  Reter   Hayes^ 

Jacob,  Mary  &  Sarah,  Child"  of  Jacob  Hersum.     Sarah,  Dr 

of  Nathaniel  Home. 

Octob.    5.     Ebenezer,  son  of  W*".  Jackson,  jun^ 

"       10.     IMary,  Frances  &  Hannah,  Child"  of  Stephen  Willey. 
"       25.     Thomas  Young. 
Nov.       1.     John,  son  of  Docf  Moses  Carr. 

"       22.     Mary  &  Stej.hen  Pinkham,  &  Child  Abigail.     Patience  Pink- 
ham  &  Hepzibah  Pinkham. 
"       26.     Jonathan,  son  of  Samuel  Davis. 
Dec.     13.     John  Starbird  &  Sarah   his   wife.      Daniel  Ham   &   his  son 
Joseph.     Ambrose  Bampton  &  Deborah  Kielle. 
"       16.     Nathaniel  Young — upon  a  sick  bed. 

"       27.    John  Drew  &  Patience  his  Wife.    Jonathan  Hanson  &  Anna 
W^iUey. 

Dec  30.     Sarah,  D'  of  Eli  Demerritt. 

Benj°'  Hall  &  his  Wife  Frances  & 
their  Child"  Benjamin,  Isaac, 
Joseph,  John,  &  Abigail. 


Baptized  at  y* 
.\Ieetincr-House 


Christian,  Wife  of  Joseph  Rines,      V   in  y*  Westerly  Part 


&  their  Child"  Betty  &  John. 
Anna,  D'^  of  Nath'  Davis. 
Robert  Willey,  &  his  D-"  Anna. 
Joseph,  son  of  Thomas  Bickford. 


of  y°  Town. 


1742. 
Jan.        1.     Eliz*  &  Frances,  Child"  Jon"  Brew. 

Eliza  &  Hannah,  Child"  of  Eliphalet  Hill. 

Lncretia,  D^  of  Abigail  Hilh 

Hannah,  D'  of  Robert  Huckings  (sick). 


Baptized 
at  Durham. 


2.  Ebenezer,  Sam\  William,  Ichabod,  Tabitha  &  Mary  the  Child^ 

of  WiUiam  Buzzell.     Joseph,  Paul  c*c   Elizabeth,  Child"  of 
y^  Widow  Eleanor  Perkins — in  y^  House  of  W"".  Buzzell. 

3.  Lords  Day— Martha,  Wife  of  Elihu  Hayes  &  William  &  -John 

their  Child".     Mary  &  Anna  Bampton.     Jonathan  Watson. 
William  Twombly,  «&  his  son  Moses.      Elizabeth  Twombly. 


270  The  Alger  Fnmihj  of  Maine.  [July, 

Clement   &    JouatLan    Ham.-     Joslah,   son    of    JonatUaa 
Hanson. 

Jan.       8.     John  Crockett-^on  a  sick  bed.  ] 

Deborah,  D' of  lehabud  FoUett,  I        «,   r>,...'i,n,r, 

Anna,  ir  oi  John  L;i.skcy, 

Joseph,  sou  of  Joseph  Jackson,  J 

"       10.     John  Tebbetts,  ]\[o?C's  Whitehouse,  Ebenezer  Demerritt,  Eze- 
kiel  "Willev,  Kichard  Glover,  Abigail  Bamptou. 

"        17.     Sarah  Pinkham.     Anna,   Wife  of  Abraham   Clark  &  Child" 
Anna  &  Mary. 

[To  be  continaed.] 


THE  ALGER  FAMILY  OF  :\L\INE. 

By  AuthiTv  M.  Alger,  of  Boston. 

AMONG  the  early  settlers  on  the  coast  of  Maine,  were  two  brothers, 
Andrew  and  Arthur  Aliror.  They  came  from  England,  but  it  is 
uncertain  at  -what  time.  iMr.  "Willis  states  that  their  native  town  was  Dun- 
ster,  in  Somersetshire.  There  are  reasons  for  believing,  however,  that  it 
was  Dunston,  in  Norfolk,  in  which  county  a  family  of  the  name  has  long 
been  settled. 

Andrew  was  living  in  Saco  as  early  as  1640,  and  was  then  styled  a  sur- 
veyor. In  164-4  and  1645  he  hod  a  company  of  men  on  Stratton's  Island 
engaged  in  tlie  fisheries.  In  IGol,  he  with  his  brother  purchased  of  the 
Indians  a  tract  of  land,  lying  within  the  limits  of  Scarborough,  containing 
about  a  thousand  acres.  The  terms  of  the  purchase  are  set  forth  in  the 
following  declaration  of  one  of  the  Indians  concerned  : 

"  19''  of  Septemher.  1559.  The  declaration  of  Jane  the  Indian  of  Scarborough 
concermn?  lands.  This  aforesayd  Jane  alias  Uphannum  doth  declare  that  her  mother 
namely  Nagasqua  the  wife  of  Wackwaarawaskee  Sagamore  and  her  brother 
namely  U^agoguskitt  and  herself  namely  Uphannum  coequally  hath  sould  unto 
Andrew  Alger  and  to  his  brother  Arthur  Al^^er  a  Tract  of  Land"  beginning  att  the 
mouth  of  ye  Kiver  called  blew  Poynt  liiver,  where  the  River  doth  part,  and  soe 
bounded  up  along  with  the  Kiver  called  Owa~;seoage  in  Indian,  and  soe  up  three 
ecoore  poole  above  the  falls,  on  the  one  side;  and  on  the  other  side  bounded  up 
along  with  the  northcrmosc  ilivcr  that  Dreaneth  by  the  great  hill  Abram  Jocelyn's 
and  goeth  northward,  b<junding  from  the  head  yt  River  South  A^est,  and  soe  to  the 
aforesayd  bounds,  namely  three  .<core  poole  above  the  Fulls.  This  aforesayd  Uphan- 
num doth  declare  that  her  raother  and  brother  and  shte  hath  already  in  her  hand 
received  full  satisfaction  of  the  aforesayd  Alger  for  the  aforesayd  Lands  from  the 
beginning  of  the  world  to  this  day,  provided  on  condition  that  for  tyme  to  come 
from  yeare  to  yeare  yearly  tiio  af  jret>ayd  Alger  bhall  pcacably  suQer  Uphannum  to 
plant  in  Andrew  Alger's  ticW  -^oe  long  a^  Uphan:  and  her  mother  Negasqua  doe 
both  live,  and  alsoe  one  bushel  of  corn  for  acknowledgment :  every  year  soe  long 
as  they  both  shall  live.  Upham :  ilotli  declare  that  ye  bargan  was  made  in  the  year 
1G51  unto  which  shee  doth  suliscrite  the  mark  of  UphanniTm  X." 

In  1674,  the  "Indian  Jane"  made  a  second  acknowledgment  of  this  sale 
which  is  thus  recorded : 


1875.]  The  Alger  Family  of  Maine.  271 

"  Note  yt  this  saylc  of  ye  Land  Recorded  in  pa:  111:  within  cxpre&'^ed,  sonld  to 
Andren-  A'gor  by  these  IiiJIaiis,  was  suiild  to  ye  sd  iMi'or-s  them  y  hcyrs,  executors, 
adiuinietrators  and  ahsigns  forever,  us  is  owned  by  Uphaui :  alias  Jane,  this  27  :  of 
May  1674  :  In  presence  of 

Williaui  Phillips, 
Selh  Fletcher." 

To  i\\\^  tract  of  land  the  brothers  gave  the  name  of  Dunstou,  in  moiuory 
of  their  home  in  Ola  England.  And  this  name  is  still  borne  by  the 
flourishin<j  village  which  has  arisen  there. 

In  the  month  of  October,  1G75,  an  attempt  w\as  made  by  the  Indians  to 
destroy  tlieir  garrison  house,  they  with  two  of  their  relatives  being  in  the 
house  at  the  time  collecting  their  goods  to  carry  for  better  security  to  lilack 
Point.  The  Inrlians,  failing  to  capture  the  garrison,  retired  into  the  woods,  after 
burning  the  empty  houses  of  Andrew's  sons-in-law.  But  in  the  attack  tlie}' 
had  accomplished  more  than  they  w^ere  aware  of,  for  Andrew  was  shot  dead, 
and  Arthur  mortally  wounded.  The  latter  died  at  the  house  of  William 
Sheldon,  in  Marblehead,  on  the  14th  day  of  the  month.  Andrew's  family 
fled  to  Boston,  where  his  widow  married  Samuel  Walker  soon  after. 

Arthur  Alger  was  constable  of  Scarborough  1C5S,  grand-juryman  ICGl, 
and  in  1G71  and  1G72  a  representative  to  the  General  Court  at  Boston. 
He  married  Ann,  daughter  of  Giles  Roberts,  who  survived  him.  IIavin<-j' 
no  children,  he  brought  up  three  of  the  sons  of  his  brother-in-law  Giles 
Roljerts,  and  at  his  death  left  them  £5.10  a-piece. 

Andrew  Alger  removed  from  Saco  to  his  estate  in  Scarborough,  in  IGoi. 
He  was  constable  and  selectman,  and  in  IGCS  received  the  commission  of 
lieutenant.     His  wife  was  Agnes,  by  whom  he  had  the  following  children : 

2.  i.    JoHX,  m.  Mary  Wilmot. 

3.  ii.  Andreas,  ni. . 

4.  ill.  Matthew,  m.  Mnrtha  Carver. 
.5.  iv.  Elizabeth,  m.  John  Pahner. 

6.    V.    Joanna,  m.  (1),  Eiias  Oaknian  ;  (2),  John  Mills. 

vi. ,  m.  John  Ashton  (or  Austin),  and  d.  sometime  between  1670 

and  1660. 

2.  JoniN^  Alger  (Andreu^),  m.  Mary,  daughter  of  Nicholas  Wilmot, 
an  innholder,  of  Boston.     He  had  two  children,  viz. :  — 

i.  Elizaijeth,  b.  1669.  In  16S7  she  was  baptized  at  the  First  Church,  in 
Charlestown,  where  she  was  living  with  her  uncle  Nathi  Adams.  She 
m.  John  Jlilliken.  uf  Boston,  and,  on  her  father's  death,  coming  into 
possesreion  of  a  large  share  of  the  Aber  estate  in  Scarborough,  they 
removed  chither  in  1719.  They  had  four  sons  :  John,  Edward,  Samuel 
and  Nathaniel,  uho  in  1730  purchased  the  rights  of  the  other  Alger 
heirs.  _  Samuel  was  lost  on  the  return  from  touisburg  1745,  and  died 
while  pinging  a  hymn  of  praise  to  God.  Edward  was  appointed  Judge 
of  the  Inferiur  Cuurt  17G0,  remaining  in  office  until  177i. 

ii.  Jonv.  Lost  in  the  expedition  against  Canada,  1690.  Before  setting 
out  he  executc<l  the  following  instrument,  which  was  recorded  in  1716 
in  the  Middlesex  Registry  of  Deeds  : 

"I  Jolin  Alger,  formerly  of  Weymouth,  now  Resident  in  Charlcstown  in  New  En:r- 
land,  Carpent'T,  Ijcin?  bound  out  into  ye  Countries  Service  with  Sir  William  Plnpps  n^'aink 
ye  Indians  and  Fivncii,  and  not  knowin;,'  liow  it  may  please  the  Lord  to  deal  with  me  as 
to  ye  srivinic  or  takmc:  away  of  mv  natural  life — The^e  may  certify  to  svhora  it  may  .con- 
cern, That  m  ca:-e  that  I  yfioukl  die  or  he  killed  in  ye  Service,  I  do  make  my  dearly  hcloved 
and  only  si.-^tcr  ElizaliL'tbAliTcr  my  heiress,  and  hereby  do  give  and  liequeath  unto  her 
whatsoever  shallhe  due  to  me  for  my  T^ai^es  or  my  said  Service  during  my  life.  Also  I 
do  fully,  freely  and  clearly  give  and  lioqiicath  untu  her  and  her  heirs  forever  all  ray  riLiht, 
title  aad  interest  that  1  now  have  in  ilia'lit,  might  or  shoniu  have,  iu  any  Housing,  "Lauds, 


272  Tlie  Alger  Famihj  of  Maine.  [July, 

or  Tenements  in  any  part  of  Xcw  Eucjland  forever.    In  witness  wliercof  I  have  hereunto 
sec  ny  liana  and  Seal  ihis  fourtli  day  of  April,  Auno  Domini  lODO.    Anno  Regis  et  Rcgmu; 
Guilli'mi  ct  Mairae. 
Signed,  Scaled,  &c.  in  Joiix  Algee.        [seal] 

presence,  of 

ITannali  Adams, 
S;uiiuel  riiipps). 

3.  Andrew'  Algku  cA7idrcw^),  was  killed  by  the  Indians,  Sept.  21, 
1689,  at  Falmouth,  while  i'ghthig  under  Col.  Church.  He  left  one  child, 
viz. : — 

i.  Dorcas,  m.  Matthew  Collina,  of  Boston,  Oct.  24,  170G,  and  had  :  Mat- 
thew, h.  Sept.  8,  1807  ;  Josiah,  b.  Oct.  9,  1711 :  Dorcas,  b.  May  20, 
1713. 

4.  ]Mattiiew-  Alger  (Andrew^),  m.  Martha,  widow  of  Robert  Carver, 
of  Boston.  He  was  master  of  a  trausiwrt  iu  the  expedition  against  Cana- 
da 1C90,  in  which  he  contracted  a  ship  fever,  and  died  soon  after  his  return; 
being,  it  is  said,  the  last  male  of  the  family.    He  had  two  daughters,  viz. : — 

i.    Mary,  b.  Jan.  9,  1630,  in  Boston. 
ii.  IIanxah,  b.  May  2-2,  1680,  in  Boston. 

5.  Elizabeth"  Alger  (Andrew^),  m.  John  Palmer,  of  Scarborough. 
They  removed  to  Boston  in  1G80,  where  they  had: — 

i.    Abigail,  b.  Feb.  6,  1085. 
ii.  Aremnel,  b.  March  4,  1687. 

6.  Joanna^  Alger  (Andrew^),  m.  (1),  Elias  Oakman  ;  (2),  John  Mills  ; 
both  of  Boston.     By  her  first  husband  she  had : — 

i.    Elias,  b.  April  21,  1680. 
Children  by  her  second  husband  were: — 

ii.  Thomasin,  b.  Oet.  30,  1080. 
iii.  Jonathan,  b.  May  3,  lt'>8y. 
iv.  John,    ?   ^  ^.  ^   0.3    iqqq. 

V.     Ja3IE5,   5 

On  the  early  records  appear  the  names  of  three  men,  who  were  in  all 
prol  ability  related  to  the  l)rot]iers  Arthur  and  Andrew  Alger.  They  were 
Tristram  Alger  who  settled  in  Scarl>orouL,di  sometime  between  16-10  and 
1650;  Arthur  Alger,  Jr., .one  of  tiie  inhabitants  of  Scarborough  who  ac- 
knowledged allegiance  to  IVIas'^achusotts  16.'>8;  and  Andrew  Alger,  who 
■was  living  in  Cape  Porpoise  1G74,  and  in  1G'.*0  removed  with  his  wife  to 
Newbury,  Mass.  This  last  I  suspect  to  have  been  ancestor  of  the  Connec- 
ticut Algers. 

It  may  be  proper  to  state  here,  that  until  recently  the  name  of  Alger  was 
almost  invariably  pronounocl  Amjcr ;  wliich  it  a])pears  was  but  following 
the  rule  as  in  other  words.  Butler,  wlio  wrote  his  English  Grammar  iu 
1633,  states  that  in  his  Lime  a  before  /was  sounded  like  au.  So  it  was  in 
Chaucer's  time.  In  tlie  '•  Clerko's  Tale "  occurs  Augrim  for  Algorithm. 
Although  members  of  the  family  have  never  varied  the  orthography  of 
the  name  from  Alger,  yet  by  others  it  was  frequently  written  Auger.  This 
has  caused  some  confusion  to  genealogists,  from  the  fact  of  there  being 
distinct  families  bearing  that  name. 


1875.]  Dayiiel  Peirce  and  his  Descendants.  273 


DANIEL    PEIRCE,*   OF    NEWr.URY,    MASS.,    1G38-1G77,    AND 
HIS   DESCENDANTS. 

CoiDinnnicatoJ  by  Aljief.t  H.  IIoyt,  A.M. 

1.  Damei,  Pkikck,  blaoksmitli,  the  founder  of  the  Peirce  family  of 
Newl)Ui y,  Mass.,  und  Portsmouth,  N.  II.,  came  from  Ipswich,  co.  Siitlblk, 
En^hiiid',  in  1G^4,  in  the  ship  Eli/al>eth,  at  the  age  of  'I'o  years.  lie  first 
settled  iu  Watertown.  IMass.,  of  wliich  town  he  was  a  proprietor  in  February, 
163G-7.  "What  family  relation,  if  any,  lie  bore  to  other  individuals  of  the 
same  came  tlien  settled  in  Watertown  does  not  appear.  It  is  probable  that 
he  married  there,  and  prior  to  1 G-38.  Only  the  christian  name  of  his  wife 
has  been  ascertained.  He  was  made  a  freeman  May  2,  ICoS,  and  re- 
moved to  Newbury  the  same  year.     Daniel*  and  Sarah  Peirce  had: 

2.  i.       Daxiel,  b.  May  15  (?  IG38,  in  Watertown). 

3.  ii.     JosucA,  b.  hi  Newbury,  May  15,  IGIC. 

iii.  Martha,  h.  in  Newbury,  February  14,  164.'^9';  m.  Col.  Thomas  Noyes, 
of  Newbury,  Deo.  '28,  1069.  Thoiua^  Noyes,  b.  Au^j.  10,  1048,  was 
the  sixtli  child  of  the  Rev.  .James  Noyes,  who  emii^rated  in  1034,  and 
was  the  coUen2;ue  of  his  rehitive  the  Rev.  Thomas  Parker,  of  New- 
bury, from  1 035  till  his  own  death.  Got.  22,  1050.  Tliev  had  :  I. 
Sarah,  h.  Sept.  14,  1670;  2.  Martha,  b.  Feb.  2t,  1672-3;- 3.  Daniel. 
b.  Aug.  30,  1074. 

She  d.  Sept.  3,  1G74.  Iler  husband  m.  Elizabeth  Greenleaf,  Sept. 
24,  1077,  and  they  had  eight  children.  (Collin's  Hist,  of  New- 
bury, 312.) 

The  town-records  of  Newbury  show  that  a  Sarah  Peirce  was  there 
married,  August  24,  IG-V.J,  to  Caleb  Moody,  son  of  William  the  first  of  that 
family  in  Newbury ;  and  that  she  died  in  tliat  town  on  the  2.5th  of  May, 
1G65.  Coffin  says  she  died  August  25,  and  gives  the  names  and  dates  of 
birtli  of  their  children,  as  follows:  1.  Daniel,  born  April  4,  1GG2  ;  2. 
Sarah,  born  -July  23,  ICG 4.  There  cannot  be  much  doubt  that  Sarah,  the 
Tsrife  of  Caleb  IMoody,  was  a  daughter  of  Daniel'  and  Sarah  Peirce,  and  that 
she  was  born  in  Watertown. 

Sarah,  the  wife  of  Daniel'  Peirce,  died  .July  17,  lGo4.  His  second  wife 
was  Ann  Milward,  widow  of  Thomas  Milward,  mariner,  who  resided  first 
at  Gloucester,  but  removed  to  Newbury  as  early  as  1G36  or  1637,  and  died 
in  Boston,  September  1,  1G53.  Coffin  thinks  that  he  was  the  "Thomas 
Milward,  mate  of  the  ship  Ht-ctor,"  who  complained,  in  June,  1G3G,  that 
the  king's  colors  were  not  displayed  at  the  fort  in  Boston  harbor  ;  but  Savage 
expresses  a  doubt.  The  marriage  of  Daniel'  Peirce  and  Ann  Milwardt 
took  place  in  Newbury,  December  26,  1G54. 

*  A  small  portion  of  this  trcncalcgv  was  puiili,-hed  in  the  Register  for  Oct.  1874,  in  con- 
nection with  the  Memoir  of  Cul.  Jo.-iuut  W.  Peirce ;  and  a  somewhat  extended  genealogy  of 
the  family  w:ib  apivmlod  to  the  reprint  of  that  Memoir.  It  is  here  reiiroduced,  hut  correct- 
ed and  much  eninri,'i  d.  The  coiiij)ik'r  heret'V  acIcnowlcdi;cs  valiiatjle  assistance  received 
from  Nathaniel  Pi'.ne,  E?q.,  of  Newl^nryport;  William  Little,  Esq.,  of  Newbury;  Henry 
F.  Waters,  Esq.,  of  Salem,  and  James  f!  Trott,  Esq.,  of  Nia;:ara  Falls,  N.  Y. 

t  She  was  the  yoiinLTCst  daughter  of  Elizalictli  Guodaie,  of  Yaniionih,  England,  by  her 
second  hu.sbaiid  John  Goodale.  By  her  first  husband,  Mr.  Taylor,  slie  had  one  daiiu'iiter 
Susannah,  who  married  Abraham  Toppan  (or  Tappan),  tiie  first  of  the  family  of  that  ii:irae 
in  Newlniry,  li);>7.  By  her  second  hu-^liand,  Goodale,  she  h:id  three  daui:i::er-:. — 1.  Eliza- 
beth., who  married  Joiui  Lowie  [Lowell],  who  was  of  Ncwlauy  in  1039. — 2.  Jodroia.  who 
married,  tir-t,  Ji^hn  Oliver,  of  Newhury,  iu  1G39,  and,  second,  April  17,  IGij,  Captain 

VOL.  XXIX.  24 


274  Daniel  Peirce  and  his  Descendant-^.  [July»  ! 

From  various  sources  we  collect  the  following  iuformatioa  aljout  Daniel  I 
Peirce,  senior :  j 

March  4,  1C15.  "There  was  granted  by  the  towue  of  Kewbury  to  \ 
Daniel  Peirce  twelve  ukers  of  u[)1:ukI  which  the  said  Daniel  Peirce  request-  j 
ed,  pronnisiDg  he  would  remain  with  us  in  Newbury  as  long  us  bee  liv«jth  } 
unlesse  bee  should  return  to  Old  England."     (Town  Records.)  ' 

At  the  close  of  the  summer  of  1G05,  says  Cotiin  (History  of  Netvbury),    ; 
by  invitation  of  Governor  Carteret,  of  New-.Jersey,  several  persons  went    1 
from  Newbury  and  settled  in  a  township,  wliich,  in  honor  of  the  Keverend    i 
John  Woodbridge,  of  Newlniry,  was  called  Woodbridge.     Of  these  emigrants    ! 
some  returned;  others  remained,  and  became  distinguished  both  in  civil  and 
military  life.     Among  them  were  Captain  John  Pike,  ancestor  of  Gen.  Zeh- 
\\\on  M.  Pike,  killed  at  the  battle  of  Queenstown  in  1812;  Thc-mas  lilooni- 
field,  ancestor  of  Joseph  Bloomtield,  for  some  years  governor  of  New-dersey ; 
John  Pishop,  senior  and  junior ;  Jonathan  Ilayues,  Henry  Jaques,  George 
INIarch.  Stephen  Kent.  Abraham  Toppau.  Jr.,  Elisha  Ilsley,  Hugh  March, 
John  Ploomfield,  Samuel  3Ioore,  Nathaniel  "Webster,  John  Esley. 

Governor  Carteret,  John  Ogden  and  Luke  Watson,  on  the  21st  of  May, 
16GG,  says  the  Hon.  William  A.  Whitehead  (Coll.  of  New-Jersey  His.  Soc. 
Vol.  i.),  "entered  into  an  agreement  with  Daniel  Peirce  and  his  associates 
for  settling  two  townships;  and  on  the  11th  of  December,  16GG,  ia  consid- 
eration of  £80  sterling,  they  transferred  to  Peirce  for  that  purpose  one-half 
of  the  tract,  'kno'^v'n  as  Arthur  Cull  [Achter  Ivol]  or  Amboyle'  [AmboyJ, 
as  originally  granted  by  Governor  Nicolls ;  extending  from  the  Raritan  to 
Rahawack  [Rahway]  river,  and  running  back  into  the  country,  acjording 
to  the  Indian  deed.  This  deed  was  confirmed  by  another  of  similar  tenor, 
dated  3d  December,  1 GGG,  on  the  back  of  which  Peirce  endorsed  the  names  of 
those  interested  with  him  m  the  grant,  '  that  is  for  tho  acccmmodating  ot  the 
town  now  called  Woodbridge;'  he  to  have  the  first  choice.  His  associates 
were  Joshua  Peirce  [his  son].  Joim  Pike,  John  Bishop,  Henry  Jaques,  and 
Hugh  March  of  Newbury;  vStephen  Kent  of  Haverhill:  Robert  Dennis  of 
Yarmouth,  and  John  Smith  ot  Barnstable  in  New-England.  On  tLe  same  day 
Peirce  was  commissioned  deputy-surveyor  to  lay  out  the  bounds  of  "\^  cod- 
bridge.  On  the  1st  of  June,  IGGD,  he  and  his  associates  received  a  charter. 
....  On  the  18th  of  December,  1  GGG,  a  week  after  he  obtained  his  first  con- 
■>  eyance,  Peirce  transferred  to  .John  IMartin,  Charles  Gilman,  Hugh  Dunn, 
and  Hopewell  llidi,  one  third  pare  of  the  land  he  had  thus  acquired,  and 
they  and  their  associates  founded  tlie  town  of  Piscataway,"  so  named  after 
the  region  in  New-Hampshire  and  Maine  bordering  on  the  Piscataway  or 
Piscataqua  river. 

In  1G6S  Daniel  Ptirce  was  a  member  of  Governor  Carteret's  first  council. 

He  returned  to  Newbury  as  early  as  1G70,  and  took  part  in  the  bitter  and 

protracted  church  controversy  between  the  "Parker  party"  on  the  one  side, 

and  the  "Woodman  party"  on  the  other,  wliich  excited  public  attention 

■  throughout  New-England.     (Cotau's  Hist,  of  Newbury,  72-112.) 

Daniel^  Peirce  died  November  27,  1G77.  His  will,  dated  Nov.  12, 1G77, 
and  proved  March  2G,  1G78,  makes  his  son  Daniel  sole  executor,  ''desiring 
him  to  doe  for  his  brother  Joshua's  children  as  he  shall  see  in  his  discreiion 
meet  to  be  done  for  them ;  mentions  his  "  marriage  agreement  with  Ann, 

William  Gerrisli,  of  Nonhnry,  in  1640,  hv  whom  she  had  ten  childreB. — 3.  Ann,  -who 
married,  first,  Thoraa>  Mii-.vard,  and,  second,  Daniel'  Poircc,  al'ovo  named.  By  the  h';5t 
named,  Ann  Lad  no  cluidr-jn;  by  her  rir^t  husband  she  had  three  daughters,  viz. :  Ann,h. 
Nov.  1,  lGi2 ;  Rebecca,  b.  m  1643 ;  and  Euzabeth,  b.  in  1644. 


1875.]  Daniel  Peirce  and  his  Descendants.]  .275 

my  wife;"  and  c;ives  to  his  "wife's  son-in-law,  Thomas  Thorpe,  a  farm  in 
"NVoodbridge,*  NL-\v-,Jorscy,  situated  upon  Row  [Ixahway]  River,  joiifnvj;  to 
John  Bishop's  lan(h" 

His  second  wife  Ann  (Milward)  died  November  27,  IHOO.  Her  vrill, 
dated  ''Nov.  4,  IGSl,"  and  proved '"22  (2)  1G91,"  mentions  her  "brother 
[m-law]  Ricluud  Lowhj"  [Lowell],  her  "  daugiiter  Rebec<;a  Thorpe,''  and 
'*  dauLchlcr  Klizuhelli  reiice,"  and  makes  her  '-son-in-law,  Daniel  Peirce," 
executor.  Inventory  datt-d  "Nov.  27,  IGOO."  This  Thomas  Thorpe  of 
Ipswich  was  marrieil  to  Rebecca,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Ann  Milward,  in 
Boston,  jNIay  27,  IGoG,  by  Governor  Endecott. 

2.  Col.  Daniel  IM.ikck  [Daniel'-  and  Sarah)  was  prominent  in  the 
civil,  ecclesiastical,  and  military  atfairs  of  NeAvbury.  Like  his  father,  ho 
supported  the  Rev.  Thomas  I'arkor  in  the  church  ti'oubles,  in  1GG.J-1G72. 
At  a  legal  meeting  of  the  town  held  April  I'J,  1GC)2:  '-There  was  voted 
to  go  to  Ipswich  to  subscribe  according  to  court  order  about  Mr.  Mason's 
clayme,  captain  Daniel  Peirce,  Mv.  Ricliard  Dummer,  sergeant  [Tristram] 
Cotiin,  sergeant  [Caleb]  bloody,  Mr.  Juhn  Woodbridge,  Mr.  Henry  Sew- 
all,  Nicho'as  Noyes."  At  a  county  court  held  March  30,  IGSG,  "'captain 
Daniel  I'eirce,"  and  others,  "are  commissioned  to  be  magistrates  by  the 
court."  October  21,  1G3G,  "  the  committee  chosen  to  divide  and  lay  out 
the  [common]  lands  were  captain  Daniel  Peirce"  and  others.  Dec.  1, 
168G,  "captain  Daniel  Peirce  and  captain  Stephen  Greenleaf,  senior,  were 
added  to  the  deacons  as  o\erseers  of  the  poor."  J\Iarch,  IGyO,  "The  Com- 
mittee of  Newbury  appoint  the  house  of  Mr.  Abraham  Merrill  to  be  a 
garrison  house  and  re*|uest  him  with  all  convenient  speed  to  fortify  his 
house.     Daniel  Peirce,  Captain." 

Robert  Pike  thus  writes  in  the  year  1G90:  "Captain  Peirce,  captain 
Noyes,  captain  Grreeulcaf,  and  lieutenant  Moores  with  the  rest  of  the  gen- 
tlemen of  Newbury,  whose  assistance,  next  under  God,  was  the  means  of 
the  preservation  of  our  towns  of  Salisbury  and  Amesbury  in  the  day  of 
our  distress  by  the  assaults  of  the  enemy."  October  18,  1700,  "Voted 
that  a  pew  be  built  for  the  minister's  wife  by  the  pulpit  stairs  [in  the  new 
meeting-house],  that  colonel  Daniel  Peirce  should  have  the  first  choice  for 
a  pew,  and  major  Thomas  Noyes  shall  have  the  next  choice,  and  that  colo- 
nel Daniel  Peirce,  esquire,  and  Tristram  Coihu,  esqi  ire,  be  impowered  to 
procure  a  bell  of  about  four  hundred  pounds  weight." 

Up  to  1701,  only  two  houses  had  been  erected  on  the  banks  of  the  Mer- 
rimack in  Newbury.  One  of  them,  owned  by  Dr.  Humphrey  Bradstreet, 
stood  near  the  head  of  Hale's  wharf;  the  other,  owned  by  Col.  Daniel 
Peirce,  was  farther  south.  The  old  stone  house,  the  oldest  in  Newbury, 
built  as  early,  probably,  as  lCGO-70,  and  the  ftirm  on  which  it  stands,  were 
the  property  of  Col.  Daniel  Peirce.  They  are  now  owned  by  Edward  H. 
Little. 

Colonel  Daniel  Peirce  was  a  deputy  to  the  general-court  in  1682  and  1 G83 ; 
a  member  of  the  council  of  safety  in  the  revolution  of  1689  :  justice  of  the 
inferior  court  of  common  pleas  for  the  county  of  Essex,  1G08-1703;  and 
representative  under  the  new  charter,  1G92 — 1703.  He  married. f  December 
5,  1660,  Elizabeth,  born  in  1644,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Ann  Milward. 
They  had : 

*  He  and  his  wife  removed  to  "Woodhridire,  N.  J.,  and  left  descendants  there. 

t  The  Rei-'i-try  (jf  Deeds  :\t  Saletn  shows  that  a  Daniel  Peirce,  smith,  had  wife  Kath.^rine 
in  1651.  If  ucr  husband  was  either  of  the  two  Daniels  above  mentioned,  he  miial  have 
been  Daniel. 


276  Daniel  Pclrcc  and  his  Descendants.  [J'lij? 

i.  D.iNiEi,,  b.  Dec.  20,  1603.  lie  died  Srpt.2.  1G90  ;  his  dau^jhter  Juanna 
died  S.pt.  l.j,  Iti'jO,  and  will-  Jiwima  died  ijept.  10,  "iGUO.  At  a 
court  held  at  IpHwicii,  Sept.  30,  IG'JD,  letters  of  adraiuistration  were 
granted  to  C'ajit.  I)aiuel  TeirLC  ^<n  tlio  e^-tate  of  his  son  Duuiel,  de- 
ceased. Inventory  of  Oanici  I'eiroe.  jtinii)r,  who  deceased  Sept'.Tidier 
2,  ICOO,  aiid  of  hi,>  widuw,  J(j;iniia,  who  deceased  September  10,  io'jO, 
■were  pre.-eiite'i  by  C:ipt.  Danitd  Peivce.  September  30.  IO'JO. 

ii.  Annk,  b.  M;iv  -0,  Ki'lH;  prubably  firht  wile  of  Simon  Waiuwright,  of 
Harerhill,  whu  was  killed  by  the  ludiano  Aug.  2'J,  1708. 

4.  iii.    Benjamin,  b.  Feb.  20,  U'.08-9. 

5.  iv.     JosuLA,  b.  Oct.  10,  1071. 
■6.  V.      Thomas,  b.  May—,  1071. 

vi.  Wartua,  b.  Feb.  20,  1070-7 :  d.  Aug.  3. 1732  ;  in.  Nov.  2, 1702,  William 
Johncion,  of  ^.'ewbury,  born  2  (12)  1078-9,  son  of  Isaac  of  Charle^town. 
Thev  had  :  1.  Elizabeth,  h.  Auir.  17,  1703;  2.  Martha,  b.  Nov.  17, 
1704,  d.  Oct.  17,  1717;  3.  William,  b.  May  13,  1706;  4.  Mary,h. 
Sept.  14,  1708;  5.  xMary,  b.  Oct.  22,  1709;  0.  Moses,  b.  Aur,'.  1, 
1711  ;  7.  Nicholas,  b.  March  19,  1711-15 ;  8.  Eliezer,  b.  May  11, 1718. 

vii.   Sarah,  b.  Oct.  3,  1079. 

7.  viii.  George,  b.  March  5,  1082-3. 
is.     Mary,  b.  April  14,  1083. 

X.     JouN,  b.  Oct.  16,  1087. 

xi.    Katuarixe,  b.  Sept.  18,  1090. 

The  \n\\  of  Col.  Daniel  Peirce,  dated  August  12,  1701,  proved  Miiv  8, 

1704,  menLious '' Elizauelh  my  dear  \vife,"  sons  Joshua,  Thomas,  George 

^nd  John,    son-iu-Iaw    Simon    "Waiinvright,   grandson    John    Waiuwright, 

daughters  IManha,  Sarah,  Mary  and  Katluirine,  "  cousin  Joshua  son  of  my 

brother  Joshua  deceased,"  "cousin  Sarali  r>radstreet  daughter  of  my  brother 

Joshua  deceased,"  and  makes  "  my  son  Benjamin  my  true  and  lawful  heir 

and  sole  executor."     He  died  in  1704,  and  his  widow,  December  0,  1709. 

His  monument  in  the  grave-}ard  of  the  tirst  parish  of  Newbury  gives  the 

date  of  his  death  as  April  1'2,  1704,  and  his  age  as  GO;  and  pays  him  the 

foUowing  tribute : 

"  Here  lies  interred  a  soul  indeed, 
Whom  few  or  none  excelled, 
In  ,i;race  if  any  him  exo.-ed, 
He'll  be  unparallellcd." 

3.  Joshua  [Darner),  born  INFay  15,  1C42,  removed'  with  his  fiither  to 
"Woodbridge,  N.  J.,  in  1GG5  or  IGGG,  and  died  there  near  the  close  of  the 
year  j.670.  He  was  married  iNIay  7,  1GG.8,  to  Dorotliy  Pike,  born  Novem- 
ber 11,  1645,  daughter  of  ]Major  liobert  Pike  of  SaUsbury,  Mass.,  by  his 
wife  Sarah  Sanders.     They  had  : 

i.  Sarah,  b.  in  Woodbridge,  March  18,  1008-9 ;  m.  in  Newbury,  Dr. 
Humphrey  Bradstreet  of  that  town,  wlio  was  a  son  of  Moses  of  Row- 
ley, and  grandson  of  Ilumjdirey  uf  Ipswich,  who  came  to  New-Enicland 
in  1634,  with  DanieU  Peirce.  Tiiey  had  :  1.  Dorothy,  b.  Dec.  10, 
1692,  m.  Oct.  16,  1711,  Nathaniel  Sar-^ent  ;  2.  Joshua,  b.  Feb.  24, 
1694-5;  3.  Sarah,  b.  Jan.  14,  1090-7,  m.  Deo.  9,  1714,  the  Rev, 
John  Tufts,  of  Newburv  :  4.  Ilu/nphrey,  b.  1700,  d.  youn^' ;  5.  Donid, 
b.  Feb.  13,  1701-2  ;  6.  Moses,  h.  Feb.  17,  1707  ;  7.  iJe.A^Pv,  b.  May  16, 
1713,  ra.  Au2.  30,  1731,  Rev.  \Villiani  Julmson.  probably  eon  of  Wil- 
liam and  Martha  (Peirce)  Johnson.  Dr.  Humphrey  Bradstreet  was  b. 
Jan.  6,  1609-70,  an<l  d.  May  11.  1717.  Ills  widow  m.  Captain  Edward 
Sargent,  of  (?  Newbury),  June  9,  1719. 

8.  ii.     JosncA,  b.  Jan.  14,  107O-1. 

4.  Benjamin  {Daniel,''  DanieP),  born  February  20,  1CG8-9,  married 
Lydia .     They  had  : 

.      Daniel,  b.  Aug.  G,  1693  ;  d.  Aug.  25,  1693. 


1875.]  Daniel  Peirce  and  his  Descendants.  277 

ii.     Charles,  b.  Feb.  3,  1091-5. 
iii.     ELUABtTii,  h.  Nov.  11,  1696. 

iv.     Danikl,  h.  Oct.  11,  11)98.     It  is  prohal.lc  tliat  the  Daniel  who  died  Xov. 
27,  17'J9.  wrifl  his  son.  nii.l  that  the  Mrs.  Kli/.abt'th  Peirce,  -who  died 
J>ec.  '2,  lTr3f»,  >va.s  his  wife. 
V.    B.-rNjAjiiN,  b.  June  13,  ITUU. 
9.    vi.   JciiN,  h.  Xl)V.  7,  no.*). 

^ii.    IIcJiruREv,  h.  March  23,  1705-6. 
viii.  Joseph,  d.  May  26,  1708. 

Benjamin  Peirce,  E^^i.,  died  May  19,  1711.  The  following  verses  are 
upon  his  tomb.stoue  in  the  grave-yard  of  Newbury  (Oldtown)  :° 

*'  Pillar  i'  th'  State  he  was,  Loucd  by  his  frind.^ 

Bid  fair  still  .         Feard  of  his  eneuiie. 
At  greater  things  ;  Embaluied  in  tears. 

To  all  y'  knew  him  well,  Enuev  icselfe  stood  dumb  ; 

Pattern  ot  Vertiie.  Snacht  from  y*^  world. 

Kind  to  all  was  he.  In  times  mobt  troublesome." 

5.  _  JOSHL-A  (Dcmid,^  BanieP),  born  October  IG,  1G71,  and  Joanna 
Gerrish  were  published  as  intending  marriage,  December  5,  17V>3.  Slie  i.s 
supposed  to  have  been  a  daughter  o'f  Mose.s"  Gerrish,  and  irranddaughter  of 
Captain  William  Gerrish  of  Newbury.     They  had  : 

i.  AxxE,  b.  Oct.  14,  1704. 

ii.  JosncA,  b.  J^n.  25.  1705-6. 

iii.  Miirr,  b.  0 -t.  15,  1707. 

iv.  Hexrv,  b.  May  27,  1710. 

10.  V.  Samuel. ) .  .  „  , 

vi.  Moses     \    '^^^  P^'"^^  ^'^  ^^^-  1~1~-18. 

Administration  of  Joshua's  estate  was  granted  in  February,  1717-18,  to 
his^  brother-in-law  Joseph  Gerrish.  And  division  of  estate  was  ma<le  iu 
173G  among  the  above  named  children,  except  Anne,  who  was  probably 
dead  at  that  time. 

6.  Thomas  {Binu'el-  DanieP),  born  in  May,  1674,  was  married  to 
Mehitable  Frost,  January  5,  1697-8.     They  had:' 

i.  John,  b.  Nov.  5,  1698. 

ii.  Mary,  b.  Jan.  4,  1702-3. 

iii.  Sarah,  b.  July  14,  1704. 

iv.  Ha.v.vah,  b.  June  9,  1706, 

7.  George  (Daniel,''  DameV),  born  in  Newburv,  March  5,  1682-3, 
removed  to  Portsmouth,  X.  H.,  and  was  married  to  Elizabeth  Langdon  of 
that  town,  IVIarch  2^,  170C.  She  was  a  daughter  of  Tobias=  and  Mary 
(Hubbard)  Languon,  and  was  born  Nov.  17,  1687.     They  had : 

i;      Elizabeth,  b.  May  15,  1708. 

ii.     George,  b.  Aug.   17,  1712 ;   married  Jerusha  Furber,  of  Newington. 
March  25,  1738.  '  =.      » 

iii.    Sarah,  b.  March  25.  1718. 
iv.    Tobias,  b.  Oct.  18,  1719. 
V.      Mehitaele,  b.  Dec.  18,  1722. 
vi.   C  Mary  and),     .,      .   „,    ,..„  ^ 
vii.  J  Martha,    ^  b.  Marca  24,  1726-7. 

viii.  Dorothy,  b.  July  11,  1728. 

George  was  married  to  his  second  wife,  Mary  Hunking,  of  Portsmouth. 
Jan.  10,  1733-4.  Jo  u, 

8.  JosnrA  (Joshua,'  DanieU),  born  in  Woodbridge,  N.  .J.,  January  14, 
1670-1,  is  presumed  to  have  returned  to  Newbury  soon  after  the  death  of 
his  father,  with  his  mother,  who  subsef|uently  "married  John  Knight    of 

TOL.  XXIX.  24*  *     ' 


278  Daniel  JPeh-ce  and  his  Descendants.  [Julj, 

Newbury.  After  inelFectual  attempts  to  recover  tlie  estate  of  his  futli'^r  in 
New-Jersey,  Joshua  reiiKjvcd  to  Portsmouth,  N.  IL,  alxMit  tlie  year  1  COl, 
He  was  married  to  J-^lizabeth,  daui,diter  of  Joseph  Hall,  of  Portsmouth, 
January  24,  lGl)-l-j.  A  brief  sketch  of  his  life  is  given  in  the  IIi.:T01uc.\l 
and  Gexealogical  Rec.i^jtkk,  Vol.  28,  pa<re  oGO.  His  valuable  record  of 
"Birtht,  Ma rriaL;e.;  and  Deaths  in  i'ortsnunuh,"  from  170G  to  1742,  was 
published  in  the^KEGisiKit,  Vols.  2o,  24,  2o,  2G,  27.     They  had  : 

i.  Sakah,  b.  April  30,  1007.  Shorn.  (1)  Sept.  21,  1721,  John  Winslow, 
of  Bubtiin,  son  of  Julm  and  Abiiiiiil  (Atkinson)  Winslow,  b.  Doc.  31, 
1693,  d.  Ojt.  n,  17:51,  nt  si.a.   ^Tliey  had  : 

1.  Saruh,  b.  Xu'^.  2,  IT'JO.  She  m.  ( 1 )  Juhn  We^*  (?  eon  of  Richard 
and  II:iiin;di  West,  h.  !Miirch  20,  1G'j7),  a  merchant  in  B  ist"n.  in 
paitiaTsliip  with  Alexander  Hill.  He  d.  intestate  prob.  Marcli  '22, 
17-1;>-j0.  His  widuw  i;ave  bond  as  admiiiistratrix,  April  4,  1750. 
The  inventury  is  dated  May  2»,  1750.  As  barah  Dealing,  she 
rendered  her  seoond  awoinit  April  13,  1753.  Among  tlie  iteuj.s'is  the 
following,  whii'h  supplies  a  fUet  in  regard  to  Colonel  Samuel  .Moore "3 
death,  which,  wo  lirlieve,  has  not  hitherto  been  published  :  "  A  long 
cloth  cloak  Mr.  West  directed  Loll".  Samuel  Moore  to  buy  fjr  rae  in 
L<jniion,  as  appears  l-y  his  letter  dated  2Sov.  8,  174-<,  but  did  not  come 
by  reason  that  Coll'.  Moore  died  in  London.  5.  lOs.  Ster"?  is. —7. 
6.  8."  She  credits  Iverst-lf  with  sums  paid  to  Elizabeth  Peirce,  John 
Wiuslow,  Joseph  lueen,  Jr.,  Samuel  Langdon,  Abigail  Green,  and 
Susannah  Pcin-e  ;  and  eliari^ts  herself  with  sums  due  from  Mary 
West,  Sand-rson  West,  WiiUam  King,  Nathaniel  Peirce,  and  Mary 
Jloore.  The  inventory  also  mentions  "  land  in  Canterbury,  X.  il.'' 
The  widow  m.  (-J)  John  Deming,  a  merchant  ot  Boston,  Feb.  27.  1752, 
and  d.  Mar.  10,  17»8  ;  he  d.  between  April  21,  1796.  and  Mav  9.  1797. 
His  will,  dated  April  21,  1796,  was  proved  May  9,  1797.  He"  gives  hiH 
land,  house  and  furniture  in  Central  court,  Newbury  street,  to"his  wife 
during  her  life,  and,  after  her  death,  to  "  John  Averv,  jr.,  son  of  my 
nephew,  John  Avery,  llxj.,  Secretary  of  the  Cominimwealth  ;  "  '•  To 
my  nephew  Samuel  (iri'liy,  son  of  Col.  Rich'J  Grully,  one  hundred 
dolliirs  ;  to  his  sister  M;ir\'  Leonard  one  hundred  dollars  ;  to  his  sister 
Jane  Hunt,  a  ring  of  ten  or  twelve  dollais  price."  The  remainder 
of  his  estate  he  gives  to  his  nephew,  Jolin  Avery,  Esq. 

2.  John.  b.  March  5,  1725-6  ;  m.  E!i;'.a  Mason,  sister  of  Deacon 
Jonathan  Mason,  of  B'.ston,  and  Imd  :      1.  Jo/in,  b.  Sept.  29,  1753; 

2.  Sarah,  b.  April  12.  17,'<5 ;    3.  Elizabeth ,  b.  Sept.  14,  1760. 

3.  Joshua,  I).  Jan.  23,  1727;  lieutennn  in  Captain  Light's  company 
of_Col.  Samuel  Muorc"s  regiment  at  LouiJ)urg,  in  1745;  m.  J,in.  3, 
1758,  Anna  ( Mi'en,  hi.s  cousin  ;  was  comnussary-ijeneral  to  the  Lritish 
Army  in  Nortli  America,  and  d.  in  Quebec  in  ISOl.  They  had  :  1. 
Gtory  S,olt,  b.  Nov.  11.  1758;  2.  Anna  Green,  b.  Nov.  29,  1759. 

In  1719  this  Mrs^ Sarah  Winslow  m.  f2)  Doctor  Nathaniel Sarirent, 
and  d.  Aug.  21,  1771.  1  here  seem  to  have  been  two  Doctor  Nathaniel 
Sargents,  ot  ILimpt  ,n  and  Portsmouth.  The  younger  was  an  assistant 
surgeon  at  L)ui>!Hiri:,  in  1715. 
"ii.  JosEFu,  b.  Feb.  21,  1(;:h-<j  ;  a  noted  ph3'sician,  appointed  chief  surgeon 
oftheLouisburg  expedition.  After  his  return  to  practice  in  Ports- 
mouth, he  was  -ei/.ed  witli  the  smali-pox,  and  d.  Feb.  7,  17-17-9.  lie 
m.  Sarah  Reed,  and  liad  :    1.  Elizabeth;  2.  Ann,  m.  Joseph  Barrel ; 

3.  Susan,  m.  SiMiinel  Jarvis. 

iii.    JosnrA,  b.  Oct.  .'Il  (?  ;:o),  17(N1  ;  d.  Aug.  13,  1754. 

iv.  Anna,  b.  Sept.  iO,  17o2  ;  d.  Dee.  28,  1770  ; 'm.  Dec.  28,  1727,  Joseph 
Green,  b.  Ih-c.  12,  l7o;i.  1]^  ^vas  a  eon  of  the  Rev.  Joseph  and  Eliza- 
beth (Oerri-^h)  Green,  of  Salem  Villa;re,  now  Danvers,  Ma.ss.  Joseph, 
the  sun,  w,u-<  a  sucee<«tul  nnrchant  of  Boston,  where  he  owned  a  larce 
estate.  In  1740  he  w.is  one  of  three  grantees  of  a  larire  tract  of  land 
in  the  county  ot  Inmklin,  Ma^g.,  afterward  known  as  the  "Green 
and  \\  alker  grant.'      He  was  a  magistrate  by  couunission  from  Gov. 


•  John  West  of  Salisbury  m.  Elizabeth  Goldthwait  of  Boston,  Oct.  21,  17SG. 


1875.]  Daniel  Pcirce  and  his  Descendants.  27i) 

Shirley  in  1756,  and  Gov.  Bernard  in  17fil.     He  took  an  active  part 
in  tlie  politics  of  his  time,  and  ;,'ave  liis  sympathy  nn<l  suppoL-t  to  tisc 
colunij^ts  in  tlirir  controversy  wicli  the  iJntitsti  iiiiiii.itry.     ilc  d.  Ju'y 
1,  17G.),  and  his  wile  d.  Dec.  28,  1770.     Tliey  had  : 
—  1.  Anna,  b.  Oct.  4,   1728;    in.  Joshua    VV'inslow,  of   Mar.shfleld, 

MaKS.,^Jan.  3,  1758;  2.  Joseph,  b.  Feb.  7,  172!)-.30 ;  3.  Joshua,  h. 
May  17.  1731  ;  II.  C.  1710  ;  m.  llannali,  dan.  of  Kbcnezer  and  .Ma7-y 
(Kdwards)  Storer,  of  Boston;  4.  Elizabeth,  b.  July  17,  1732;  5. 
Edicard,  b.  Sept.  18,  1733;  m.  Mary  Storer,  April  14,  1757;  (j. 
Elnahth,  b.  Oct.  12,  1734  ;  m.  Kh.nezer  Storer  (brother  of  Ihumail 
and  Mary  above  mentioned;,  July  11,  1751  ;    7.   Chnrhs,  h    Nuv    30 

1735;   8.  (stillborn),  May  12,   1737;    9.  IJ'-nri/,  b.  June   2, 

1738  r  10.  iMitchelson,  b.  March  10,  1740-1  ;  11.  Gmrijc,  b.  Oct.  13, 
1742;  a  merchant  of  Boston  ;  ni.  Nuv.  15,  1700,  Katharine  Asj.m- 
wall.of  Brooklinc;  12.  Susanna,  b.  July  20,  1741;  m.  Oct.  18,  1700, 
her  cousin,  Francis  Green,  a  son  of  Benjamin  Green,  of  IJalifax,  X.S.' 
T.  Elizaisftu,  b.  May  31,  1705;  m.  the  Hon.  Ji^hn  O.sburne.  of  B.>>r.jn  ;  d! 
June  9.  i7G4.  ^Mr.  Osborne  was  a  councillor  from  1731  to  1710,  and 
from  1742  to  1703,  and  was  one  of  the  committee  of  supplies  fur  the 
Loui^burg  expedition  of  1745. 
Ti.  Mary,  b.  e>ct.  29,  1707  ;  d.  March  2,  1752-3  ;  m.  Colonel  Samuel  Moore, 
of  Portsmouth,  a  distinguished  sliipmastcr.  He  was  one  of  the  -Ma- 
eonian  Proprietors;  commanded  a  rcyiment*  of  New-IIamjjshire 
troops  at  the  taking  of  Louisburi;  in  1745  ;  and  was  one  of  the 
2:r,_nt  irs  of  Xcw-Jlr.'ton  (dow  Anduver),  N.  11.,  the  original  name  of 
which  was  Emerystuwn.    He  died  in  London,  in  1749  (6.  i,  1) 

11.  vii.   Pamel,  b.  May  2,  1709. 

12.  viii,  >,ATUAXiEL,  b.  Jan.  7,  1711-12. 

is.  Margaret,  b.  June  25,  1714  ;  d.  June  9,  1764  ;  m.  Nov.  24,  1737,  C^I. 
Benjamin  Green,  a  brother  of  Joseph  (8,  iv.),  before  mentioned!  He 
■was  in  mercantile  business  in  Boston  until  the  year  1745,  when  the 
expedition  against  Louisburg  took  place,  in  which  he  acted  as  military 
secretary  to  Gen.  ^Viiliam  Pepperrell.  He  tilled  other  "  oUici-s  of 
honor  and  responsibility  "  at  Louit-burg  until  1749,  when  he  removed 
to  Halifax,  N.  S.  There,  also,  he  held  important  public  otllccs. 
They  had  : 
_^1.  Margaretfa,  b.  in  Boston  ;  m.  John  Newton,  of  Halifax  ;  d.  in 
1763;  2.  Z?t7?/a/nm,  b.  in  Boston  :  d.  in  1793.  Several  of  his  sons 
■were  officers  in  the  British  army  and  navy  ;  3.  Francis,  b.  in  Boston, 
Aug.  21,  1742  (8.  iv.  12)  ;  d.  in  Medfbrd,  April  21,  1809  ;  4.  Charlotte, 
b.  in  Boston  ;  m.  Henry  Newton,  collector  of  customs  for  Nova  Scotia  ; 
d.  in  1762  :  5.  Charles,  b.  in  Halifax  ;  6.  Edward  Mitchelson,  h.  in 
Halifax;    7.  Edv:ard  Cor nicallis,  h.  in  U-d[ii'a.x. 

For  further  particulars  in  regard  to  Joseph  and  Benjamin  Green 
and  the  family  to  which  they  belong,  the  reader  is  referred  to  the 
paper  entitled  "  Percival  and  Ellen  Green,"  in  the  Historical  and 
Genealogical  Register,  xv.  105,  contributed. by  Samuel  A.  Green, 
M.D.,  Irom  which  paper,  chiefly,  the  data  in  regard  to  Joseph  and 
Benjamin  Green  have  been  drawn. 
Joshua  Peiroe's  tirst  wife  died  January   13,  1717-18,   a^ed   44;  and  on 

the  5th  of  3Iarch.  1718-19,  he  was  married  to  Elizabeth  Wade,  of  Dover, 

N.  H.     He  died  February  7,  1742-3,  aged  72. 

9.     John  {Be uj ami, i^ Daniel''  Dantel'),  born  in  Newbury,  November  7, 

1703  ;  married  November  30,  1730,  Sarah  Adams,  of  Kittery,  Me.     They 


had 


Sajlvii,  b.  July  24,  1731.  ii.     Lydia,  b.  Oct.  30,  1735. 


10.     Sa^iuel   (Joshua,'  Daniel,^  Daniel^),  married  Mary .     They 

had  : 

i.      Samuel,  d.  Sept.  30.  1822,  aged  83. 
ii.     St£pu£,v,  d.  May  12,  1812,  aged  71. 

♦  The  regiment  sailed  from  Portsmouth,  March  23,  1745. 


280  '      Daniel  Peirce  and  his  Descendants.  [J^ly, 

iii.    Mart,  m.  Nathan  Poor  ;  d.  April  -29,  1823,  aged  79. 

13.  iv.    Enoch,  b.  Jan.  ]-2,  1753. 

11.  Daxiel  (Jos/ti/a,'  Jo.^Iom^  DanieP),  born  in  Portsmoutli,  May  2, 
1709,  was  graduated  fioui  ILirviird  College  in  172S.  He  married  Ann, 
daughter  of  Jolui  Kindge,  of  Portsinoutii,  October  20,  1742.  lie  dif.'d 
Deceir.ber  5,  1  77o  ;  she  died  Octol)er  I'J,  1748.  A  sketch  of  his  life  is  givuu 
in  the  memoir  of  Col.  Joshua  AV.  Peirce  (Kegisteh,  ont.<:,  vol.  xxviii.  p. 
3G9).     They  had: 

i.  Anx,  b.  Oct.  21,  1713  ;  m.  Thomas  Martin,  of  Portsmouth  ;  d.  July  G, 
1811.  Thev  had:  1.  Joshua,  b.  Dec.  17,  1770:  2.  Susanna,  b. 
April  12,  lt72;  3.  Ann,  b.  Dec.  9,  1773;  4.  Charlotte,  b.  >.'ov,  25, 
1779. 

ii.     JosnuA,  b.  Nov.  3,  17U  ;  d.  July  10,  1718. 

14.  iii.    Jon.v,  b.  Aug.  10,  J716  ;  d.  June  14,  1814. 

iv.  Joseph,  b.  June  25,  1718  :  d.  in  Altuu.  N.  II.,  Sept.  12,  1912  ;  a  repre- 
sentatire  in  the  Coui^rt-ss  of  the  United  States  for  the  years  ISOl  and 
1602;  resigned;  a  farmer,  unmarried. 

12.  N.4.THANIEL  [Jos/o'ci,^  Dcvn'cP),  born  in  Portsmouth,  January  7, 
1711-12;  married  December  20,  1744,  Ann  Jaffrey,  b.  October  2G,  1723, 
daughter  of  George  and  Sarah  (JefTries)  Jaflrey.     They  had: 

i.      Nathaniel. 

ii.     Geokue. 

iii.    Sarah,  who  m.  March  3,  1774,  Col.  Joshua TTentworth  (son  of  Daniel,* 

and  irrand.-.on  of  Lt.  Cv.  John^),  b.  Jan.  4,  1741-2.     She  d.  Oct. 

1807^;  hed.  Oct.  19,  1H09.     They  had  fourteen  children:    1.  Sarah; 

2.  Jnshua ;    3.  Ann    Jaffrvy,    m.    Samuel   Larkin  ;    4.   Joshva :    5. 

Charles;   6.    Gcorjje ;   7.  Joshua;   6.  Elizabeth,  m.   William  l>./dfie  ; 

9.    Sarah;    10.    (Sco.  Farce;    11.   Daniel:     12.    Sarah;     13.    Gto. 

Peirce ;    14.  Adeline. 

Nathaniel  Peirce,  the  father,  died  August  17,  17G2,  and  his  widow  married 
(2d)  the  Hon.  Leverett  Hubbard,  December  6,  17G9,  and  died  December 
17,  1790.  Judge  Ilubljard  was  born  about  1724  in  Bristol  (then  in  ^lass. 
now  in  11.  I.),  und  died  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  January  2,  1793,  aged  GO. 
He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  1742  ;  comptroller  of  customs  in  Ports- 
mouth, 1762  ;  a  justice  of  the  superior  court  of  judicature  of  New-Hamp- 
shire, from  17C3  to  1775,  and  of  the  supreme  j  idicial  court  from  177G  to 
1785.  He  was  a  son  of  the  Hon.  Nathaniel  lubbard  (H.  C.  IGOd),  b. 
Oct.  1680,  judge  of  common  pleas  Mass.  from  1728  to  1745,  deputy  judge 
of  admiralty,  councillor  of  the  province  1737—1740  and  1742-1745,  and 
judge  of  the  superior  court  1745-G,  died  in  Bristol,  probably  in  1747; 
grandson  of  John  Hubbard,  a  merchant  of  Boston  born  in  Ipswich  about 
1648,  and  died  in  Boston  about  1710,  and  his  wife  Ann  Leverett,  second  of 
the  surviving  daughters  of  Governor  Sir  John  Leverett,  Knt..  of  Massachu- 
setts, by  his  second  wife  Mrs.  Sarah  Sedgwick ;  and  great-grandson  of  the 
Rev.  William  Hubbard,  the  historian,  by  his  first  wife  Margaret,  daughter  of 
the  Rev.  Nathaniel  Rogers,  of  Ipswich  (IG38-55). 

13.  Exocn  (Samiir/,*  Joshun,^  Daniel,^  DanieP),  born  January  12, 
1753;  married  Augusts,  1792,  Sarah,  daughter  of  William  Gerrish,  and 
widow  of  Amos  Stickney.     He  tlied  May  31,  1812,  aged  59.     They  had: 

L  Sarah,  b.  Oct.  14,  1794;  d.  Feb.  26,  1859;  m.  Nathaniel,  son  of 
Nicholas  Pierce,  Sept.  20,  1820.  They  had  :  1.  Nathaniel,  b.  March 
28,  1823,  B.A.  (Bowdoin  College)  18-14;  coun?ellor-at-law,Newbury- 
port,  Mass. 

ii.  Enoch,  b.  Jan.  27,  1797;  d.  Nov.  20,  1632:  m.  Elizabeth  Stickney, 
April  21,  ki25. 

iii.    Pacl,  b.  Aug.  26,  1801 ;  d.  Nov.  9,  ISOl. 


1875.]  Deed  of  Land  in  Suoami^scott.  281 

14.  Jonx  {Daniel*  Joshua,'*  Daniel,''  Daniel'),  born  Anc^ust  10,  IT-iO; 
married  M;irv,  daii^duer  of  Peter  Peiirse,  and  !4raiiddaui,diter  of  the  Hon. 
Jotliam  and  ^rehiuhle  (Ciitt)  Odioruc.  Mr.  Feirco  was  a  leading  merchant 
in  Portsmoutli,  N.  II.  For  some  account  of  hun,  sec  Hkcistku,  o/ifr,  vol. 
xxviii.  page  370.     lie  died  June  14,  1814.     His  wife  died.     They  had: 

i.  Mark  Wentworth,  b.  July  31,  1787 ;  m.  ]Margarct  Sparhawk  ;  d.  Fob. 

10.  ISIO. 

ii.  Samuel  Fisher,  b.  Oct.  9,  1789  ;  d.  Dec.  27,  1791. 

15.  iii.  Josm-A  Winslow,  b.  May  11,  1791. 

iv.  Ann-  Kindge,  b.  Jan.  9,  1794  ;  m.  the  Rev.  Charles  Burroughe,  D.  D. 

V.  Mary  Odiorne,  b.  Jan.  5,  1798  ;  d.  Nov.  4,  1801. 

vi.  Daniel  Hall  ;  (II.  C.)  B.A.  1620;  M.D.  1823. 

15.  JosnuA  TTixsLOW  {Jokn,^  Daniel,*  Joshua.'^  Daniel,''  DanieU ),  born 
May  14,  1791;  was  married  to  Emily,  daughter  of  William  and  Anna 
( Weutworth)  Shoafe,  of  Portsmouth,  May  4,  1823.  For  a  memoir  of  CVd. 
Joshua  "Winslow  Peirce  see  Registkr,  ante.  vol.  xxviii.  p;iges  3r.7-;J72. 
He  died  in  Portsmouth,  April  10,  1874,  and  his  wife  died  INIarch  0,  1871. 
They  had  twelve  children,  namely:  John  Peter,  Sarah  Collin,  Ann  "Went- 
worth,  Emilv  Sheafe  (deceased),  Joseph  yV^eutworth,  Joshua  Kindge  (  Rector 
of  St.  Mary's  for  Sailors,  Boston),  Mary  Pearse  (deceased),  .Tames  Sheafo 
(deceased),  INIark  Wentworth  (deceased),  William  Augustus,  Daniel  Kindge 
(deceased),  Kobeit  Cutts. 


SWAMPSCOTT,  MASS. 

DEED    OF  A   PART    OF   SWAilPSCOTT,  BY  RALPH   AND    ELIZABETH   KING   TO 

WILLIAM    BROWNE. 
Communicated  by  Jeremiah  Colbcen,  A.M. 

TO  all  xtian  People,  to  whom  this  present  Deed  of  Sale  shall  come 
Ralph  King  of  Linn  in  new-England  &  Elizabeth  his  wife  send  greet- 
ing. Know  yee  that  wee  the  S*^  Ralph  and  Elizabeth  King  for  and  in 
consideration'  of  the  Sum  of  Three  hundred  Pounds  in  money  in  new- 
Engl'^  to  us  in  hand  before  the  Ensealing  &  deliuery  of  these  presents  well 
&  truly  paid  by  William  P>rowne  Escf,  of  Salem  in  New-England  the  re- 
ceipt whereof  wee  doe  hereby  acknowledge,  and  our  Seines  therewith  to 
bee  fully  satisfied  and  paid.  Ilaue  giuen  granted  bargained  Sould  aliened 
Enfeofed  assigned  and  contirraed  and  by  these  presents  doe  fr.-ely  fully  & 
absolutely  giue  grant  bargain  sell  alien  Enfeotte assigne  and  contirme  unto 
the  S''  William  Krowne  his  heires  and  assignes  all  that  mij  tiarnie  giuen  me 
by  my  hour''  tiiither  Daniel  King  deceased,  being  twelve  hundred  acres  of 
Vpland  and  meadow,  bee  it  more  or  less,  being  scituate  and  lying  in  the 
towneshipp  of  Linn,  cofrionly  called  by  the  name  of  Swapscott,  which  land 
is  butted  and  bounded  with  the  Sea,  att  the  westerly  end  of  the  long  pond,  ly- 
ing along  by  the  Sea  Syde,  and  soe  upon  a  straight  line  quite  oner  to  a  little 
red  oak,  standing  on  a  brow  of  a  hill,  on  the  southerly  Syde  of  a  path  goeing 
to  my  tl'arme  or  the  tlarme  where  George  Darlinn  did  line,  which  tree  is 
marked  with  a  (D:  &  a  K:)  on  the  northerly  Syde,  and  an  (R.  &  a  K:) 
on  the  westerly  Syde,  &  Soe  this  lyne  to  runn  to  the  lyne  betweene  Linn  «&; 
my  tfarme,  lic  Soe  to  run  all  along  between  Linn  &  my  liarmc — to  a  runing 
brook  at  the  Southerly  End  of  John  tiarrs  &  Edward  Richards  Lotts,  and 


282  Deed  of  Land  in  Swampscott.  [July, 

over  Sn-apscott  poml  to  a  little  walnut  tree  on  the  westerly  Syde  of  the 
Pond  marked  uiih  ( li  K)  on  the  notherly  Side  witli  (X  E)  and  Sue  to 
run  westerly  to  an  other  walnut  tree  marked  with  (R:  K:)  on  the  side  :ind 
(N:  E:)  on  the  notherl}-,  and  i.s  bounded  on  y*  notherly  Side  with  the  land 
of  Ezekiell  Xeedhain,  and  soe  all  along  uppon  a  brow  of  a  hill  westerly, 
and  See  to  the  higlx  way  that  goes  to  Linn,  to  a  stake  &  a  heape  of  Stones, 
&  from  thence  South<.M-ly  downe  to  the  Si;a  against  the  high  way.  Together 
with  all  fences  walds  waters  watercourses  liberties  priuiledges  corfionages  and 
appurtenances  whatsoeucr  thereiuito  belonging.  And  all  o*"  J'^state  right  title 
and  interest  of  in  ancl  to  v"  S'^  i)argained  premises  or  any  part  or  parcel 
there  of,  with  all  originall  deeds  wrightings  &  Euidences  touching  or  concern- 
ing the  Same — fiiire  and  uncancelled.  To  haue  &  to  hold  the  aboue  bar- 
gained premises  and  Euery  part  &  parcll  thereof  unto  him  y^  S"^  William 
Browne  his  heires  and  assignes.  To  his  &  there  only  proper  use  benefit 
and  behoofe  for  Euer.  And  wee  the  S'^  Ralph  and  Elizabeth  King  for  o' 
Selues  o''  heires  Exoc"^  and  Adm"  doc  conenaut  promis  and  agree  to  and 
with  y*^  S*^  "William  Browne  his  heires  and  assignes  by  these  presents  that 
wee  the  S'^  Ralph  and  Elizabeth  at  the  time  of  the  Ensealing  and  deliuery 
hereof  are  y^  true  and  lawful!  owners  of  y*^  aboue  baigained  premises  &  of 
Euery  part  &  parcell  thereof  and  haue  in  o'  Selues  full  power  good  right 
and  lawfull  anthority  to  bargaiuc  Sell  and  assure  y"^  Same  as  a  good  perfect 
absolute  and  indefeazable  Estate  of  inheritance  in  fee  Simple  without  any 
Diaaner  of  condition  reu-irsion  or  limitation  of  use  or  uses  whatsoeuer  &z 
freely  &  clerely  exonerated  acquitted  and  discharged  of  &  from  all  former 
and  other  bargains  Sales  gifts  grants  mortgages  Dowries  titles  of  Dowre 
power  of  thirds  and  of  &  from  all  other  titles  troubles  charges  &  in- 
cumbrances of  what  nature  or  kinde  soeuer.  And  without  y*  least  deniall 
lett  hinderance  sute  trou!)le  luuctiou  Ejection  of  us  y^  S'^  Ralph  and  Eliza- 
beth or  Either  of  us  our  or  Either  of  our  heires  Exec"  adm"  or  other  per- 
son or  persons  by  our  or  either  of  our  means  consent  default  title  or  pro- 
curement. And  that  wee  shall  and  will  at  any  time  hereafter  upon  request 
for  that  End  made  to  us  or  either  of  us  giue  unto  the  S"^  William  Browne 
Ms  heires  or  assigns  such  further  and  ample  assurance  of  all  the  aboue  bar- 
gained premises  as  in  law  or'equlty  can  be  deuised  aduised  or  required.  Pro- 
vided alwaies  and  it  is  concluded  and  agreed  upon  by  and  betweene  the 
partys  aboue-named  any  thing  herein  contained  notwithstanding,  that  in 
case  the  within  named  Ralph  and  Elizal)eth  King  them  or  either  of  them, 
there  or  either  of  there  helrt' s  Exec"  Adm"  do  well  and  truly  pay  or  cans 
to  bee  paid  unto  the  abouenamed  "William  Browne  his  heires  Exec"  adm" 
or  assignes  at  his  dwelling  house  in  Salem  aboue  S*^  the  full  Sum  of  Sixty 
Eight  Pounds  in  Current  money  of  new  England  on  or  before  the  twenty 
Eight  day  of  July  one  thousand  Six  hundred  Eighty  and  fine,  and  Sixty 
fiue  Pounds  in  Curr'  money  on  or  before  the  twenty  Eight  day  of  JuHj 
Eighty  and  Six,  and  Sixty  two  Pounds  in  Curr  money  on  or  before  the 
twenty  Eight  day  of  July  Eighty  and  Seven,  and  fifty  nine  Pounds  in  Curr' 
money  on  or  before  the  twenty  Eight  day  of  July  Eighty  and  Eight,  and  fitly 
Six  Pounds  in  Curr'  money  on  or  before  the  twenty  Eight  day  of  July 
Eighty  and  Nine,  and  fifry  and  three  Pounds  in  Curr'  money  on  or  before 
the  twenty  Eight  day  of  July  one  thousand  Six  hundred  and  Ninety,  with- 
out fraud  or  delay,  then  the  a!)ouo  written  Deed  to  bee  utterly  Void  and 
of  none  Effect,  otherwise  to  al/ide  and  remaine  in  full  force  and  virtue  to 
all  intents  and  purposes  in  the  law  whatsoeuer.  and  the  Estate  of  the  S''  Wil 
Ham  Browne  to  become  absolute  in  the  premisses.     In  Witness  whereof  weo 


} 


1875.]  Earhj  Settlers  of  West  Springfield.  283 

the  S**  R:ilph  and  Elizabeth  King  haue  hereunto  put  our  hanrls  and  Scales  thj^s 
twenty  Eight  dayof  Jiilyiu  the  oG'^:  yeare  of  his  jMaj''"  Koigu  annoq;  Doiii, 
One  thousand  Six  hundred  Eighty  tiour :  1GS4. 

Ralph  King  [seal] 

Elizabeth  King    [seal] 

The  word  (my)  bc'wecne  the  fift  and  Sixt  line  interlint-d  and 
y*^  first  word  in  y*"  thirty  Six  line  blotted  before  sigueing. 

Signed  Sealed  and  deliuered  m""  Ralfo  King  of  Lin  &  Elizabeth  his 

in  tlie  presence  of  •      wife  Came   before  mee  i^  hec  ac- 

Benj''  Browne  knowledged  the  aboue   written   In- 

"SVilliam  Redford.  strumeut  co  bee  his  act  &  deede  & 

shee  deliuered  vp  her  right  of  Dowro 
«fec.  therein.   Salem  July  28''S  1084. 
Before  mee  John  Uathorne 
Assist. 

Rec"^  this  23"'  of  July  of  M'  Ralph  King  the  Just  Sume  of)  £jg  qq  qq 
eighteen  pound  in  money.     I  say  Received.  j" 

Rec'^  this  30'^  of  July  1G86  in  money  eighteen  pound  in)  £18  00  00 
money  I  say  Rec'^  p''  me  "William  Browne.*  ^ 


EARLY  SETTLERS  OF  WEST  SPRINGFIELD. 

Transcribed  from  the  Parish  Records  of  the  First  Congregational  Church,  by 
Lyma>[  U,  Bagg. 

Springfield,  April  y«  7'^  1707. 
Att  a  meeting  of  the  Inhabitants  of  the  ^vest  sidg,  vath  Respect  to  the 
Land  now  granted  by  the  town  to  the  Inhabitants  on  the  west  side  of  the 
great  River 

It  was  voted  that  every  male  person  that  is  in  the  twenty  I''  year  of 
his  age  shall  be  accounted  inhabitants   according  to  the  names  expresed 
herein  and  they  to  poses  the  s'^  land  as  by  the  to"Vv[n]   is  granted  to  them. 
Att  a  ful  meeting  of  the  Inhabitants 

as  attests  Sam^^  Ely  Clerk 

Jose.  Ely  snr  Nath'^  Sykes  Joseph  Bodortha  sen' 

Jose.  Eh-  jun'  Pela.  Jones  Sam"  Bodortha  Sn 

"VVni  ^Macrany  John  Petey  Sam"  Bodortha  Jun' 

Jams  Barcker  Sam"  Wariner  Eben''  Jones  s'' 

Jose.  Barcker  Ebe"  Day  Eben""  Jones  junr 

SamM  Barcker  Christian  Vanhom  Josiah  Leuord 

OUver  Barcker  Charls  Fery  Left.  Ball 

John  Ba-  Sam'!   Day  Sam"  Ball 

Jonathan  Bag  Sam'  Ely  Henrj-  Rogers 

Nath"  >Mor'_'aa  Jn"  Fowler  John  Ro2;ers 

Sam"  iliiler  IMr  Woodbridg  Nath"  Dumbleton 

Sam"  Frost  Ebeuf  IMiller  W"  Scot 

*  This  deed  is  in  the  handwiiting  of  Benjamin  BroTvne,  one  of  the  witnesses,  and  a  son  of 
the  grantee,  who,  most  likely,  was  Willianv  Bron-ne,  Srnior,  of  Salcin,  who  died  Jan.  20, 
1688.  For  a  hi^ton.-  cf  ywainvjeote'  and  of  Mr.  John  Humfrey's  "  farm,"  the  reader  is 
referred  to  the  paolished  histories  of  Lynn. — [Editob.] 


284 


Early  Settlers  in   West  Springfield. 


[July, 


Benja  Lenord 
John  D:iy 
Jn°  Lenord 
Jams  Tailor  su'' 
Jams  Tailor  jun'' 
Joua'f'  Tail'.r 
Sam"  Tailor 
NatLn  Lenord 
Edward  Foster 
John  ]\  Til  lor 
Jams  ^[ireck 
Jolin  Killum  sn"^ 


John  Killum  jun'' 
lionja  Sniitli 
"VV"'  Smith 
Jose.  Lenord  s'"^ 
Suiuli  Lenord 
Jose.  Lenord  jun'' 
Sam"  Cooper 
Samii  Kent 
Gorsham  Hail 
Jn"  Hail 

Gorsham  Hail  jim>^ 
iX'acon  Barber 
Tho»  Barber 


Nat  Bancroft 

Jose.  Hod^i; 

Isaac k  Frost 

James  Stevenson 

James  Stevenson  jun' 

Jona^^  Wortliington 

Samil  Miller  junr 

Tho3  ^lacrany 

Josejih  Budortha  jun^ 

Francis  Ball 

John  Ely 

Sam"  Fery  [73] 


23 


16 


April  y^  7*^  1707. 

Att  a  meeting  of  tlie  Inhabitrmts  About  the  land  given  by  the  town. 
Hear  foloweth  an  acount  how  the  lots  lyeing  on  the  hill  ware  Drawn  And 
also  of  booth  the  other  divisions  as  they  ware  Numbered. 

It  was  agreed  to  have  three  divisions  one  Below  aggowam  river,  one  from 
the  to[p]  of  the  hill  next  to  aggowam  River  to  Rim  to  dorbey  Brook  ami 
the  next  division  to  begin  at  dorbeys  brook  and  so  to  extend  to  the  end  of 
the  land  given  by  the  town. 

Aggowam  Division  The       Jose.  Bodortha  junr 

lots  to  be  ten  acres.  The  street  division. 

Jams  Stevenson  SjI'  10  Doac"  Parsons 
8  F.ben  Jons  sn' 
15  Samii  Bodortha 
13  Josiah  Lenord 
6  Henry  Beyers 
20  John'RoLTcrs 
17  Joseiih  Bodortha 

1  John  Day 

2  Benja  Lenord 

3  Jams  Taller  snr 

4  Jams  Tailor  jun' 

11  Jona'^  Tailer 

12  Edward  Foster 

5  Jno  Miller 


Jams  St.e\enson  jun' 
Isaack  Frost 
Deacon  Barber 
Tho^  Barber 
Nath"   Lenord 
NathU  Bancroft 
Jonath  TVorthington 
John  Haill 
Ger^ha.  Hail  sn'' 
Sam'i  Cctoper 
Jose.  Lenord  sn' 
Samii  Lenord 
Jose.  Lenord  jun"^ 
Sam"    ^'ailor 
Sam"  i\ent 
Eben""  Jones 
Jn"  Lenord 
Sam'l  Day 
Joseph  Hod'j 


the  hill  att  ye  South  end 

&  so  to  go  Hound  on  the 

west  side  of  the  way. 

21  John  Killum  17 

2-4  John  Killum  18 

2  chickebey  lots  above  Dor- 

28      beys  Brook — ten  aors. 


9  Francis  Ball 
19  Jams  Mireck 
IG  Ebonr  Miller 
14  W  Wuodbridj 

7  on  the  hUl. 
18  Charls  Ferv 


Aggowam  lots  are  Xumber-  C'liri>rian  Vanhorn 
e"d  from   Samll  Coopers  Ebenr  Day 
&  so  alonf  westward.       Jn"  Elv 
— Sam"  Ely 

The  lots  for  the  street  di-  Jn"  Fowler 


vision  are  7  acrs. 
LeftBaU 
Sam"  Ball 
Francis  Ball 
Jose.  Bodortha  sn' 


Jn^  Petey 
12  Pela.    Jones 
J  3   Sam"  Wariner 
4  .Jose.  Bodortha  jun' 
C  The  street  lots  are   Num- 
bered  from   the  top  of 


27  Benja  Smith  20 

6  Wni  Smith  4 

1  Jams  Barcker  3 

14  Jose.  Ely  8 
9  Jose.  Ely                          18 

10  Wm  Macrany  21 

19  Tho»  Macrany  11 
26  Sam"  Barcker  12 

11  Jose.  Barcker  1 

4  Oliver  Barcker  19 
3  Jno  Bag  •  9 
8  Jonath  Bag                      13 

the  first  lot  Nathii  Morgan  17 

Samll  Fery  15 

1  Sam"  Miller  14 

5  Samll  Miller  5 

15  Sam"  Frost  7 

30  Nath"  Svkes  16 

31  Xath'  Dumbleton  6 
29  AVm  Scot                          22 

32  Sam"  Bodortha  jun«-  2 

22  The  division  ot  chickeby 

20  lots  is  numbred   begin- 

23  ning  at  y^  southerly  end 
on  y«  east  side  of  j^  way. 


The  Comitey  Appointed  by  the  town  for  modeling  the  land  given  on  the 
hill  Did  In  may  17U7  with  several  of  the  Inhabitants  lay  out  a  high  way 
that  was  to  Ron  from  the  tope  of  the  hill   ur  Cartway   that  goeth  up   the 


1875.] 


Early  Settlers  in  West  Sprbigfield. 


285 


hill  by  or  near  airizowaiu  Iviver  to   Run  tliru  the  land  given  by  the  town 
from  s*^  hil  to  Dorl-.eys  brook. 

The  Inhabitants  having  agreed  to  Lay  out  the  Lots  on  the  Hill 
Being  Drawn  as  is  expressed  in  the  forgoing  Pago  they  the  s''  Persons 
owners  of  the  Lots  on  tlie  hill  Did  In  may  next  after  the  s**  meeting  Did 
Imploy  the  town  measuer  to  lay  out  the  Division  of  lots  on  the  hill  the 
Account  wherof  is  as  foloweth. 


On  y^  east  side  of  y*  way  the  first 
lot  on  the  Hill  is  M'"  Woodbridg  21 
Ivod  wide  and  5G  Rod  Long 

John  Day  21  Rod  wide  &  56 

Jose.  Lenord  21  Rod  wide  &  56 

Jams  Mireck  21  Rod  wide  &  56 

Francis  Ball  the  same 

John  Killum  (?)  tlie  same 

Joseph  (?)  Bodortba  the  same 

Charls  Ferey  the  Same 

Eben  (?)  Miller  on  y*^  west  side  y* 
Itoad 

Edward  Foster  7  acres 
at  ye  Rear  of  y''  lots  on  y^ 

Jams  Tailer  Juu'  7  acrs 

John  Miller  s"'  7  acrs 

Left  Jonath  Ball  7  acrs 

Sam"  Ball  7  acrs 

Benja  Lenord  7  acres 

The  (?)  last  lot  next  doibeys  Broock 
In  that  Tear  of  lots  on  y'  side  y^  way. 

-ly  att  the  Rear  of  those  lots 


there  is  Room  left  for  to  lay  out  2  lots 
for  Edward  Foster  &  John  Miller 
[at  the  ?]  end  of  the  hill  next  the 
[minister  ?J 


In  the  west  tear  next  to  Dorbeys 
Brook  the  lots  went  on 

15  Eben'  Day  7  acrs 

16  Deacon  Parsons  7  acrs 

John  Killum  2  lots — 7  acrs  p'  lot 

22  Eben''  Jons  Sen"'  7  acrs 

Sam"  Day  chose  to  be  at  aggov.-ani 

27  John  Rogers  7  acrs  27tli  lut 

21  Sam"  Wariner  7  acrs 
Nath  Lenord  over  aggowam 

22  Pelatiah  Jones  sn''  7  acrs 

23  Jose.  Bodoriha  jun'  7  acrs 

24  Sam"  Bodortiia  su"'  7  acrs 
James  Tailer  sn'  7  acrs 

20  Jonathan  Taller  7  acrs  20  lot 

28  Henry  Rogers  7  acrs 
John  Fowler  7  acres 
SO  John  Ely  7  acrs 

31  Sam"  Ely 

32  John  Petey  the  last  Lote  next  to 

y^  top  of  the  Hill 
The  Above  list  of  lots  laid  out  by 
the  town  Measurer  was  acording  to 
the  Return  made  by  him  and  wear 
exactly  transcribed 

by  me 
Samuell  Ely  clerk 
for  this  occasion. 


IVIemorandum. 

Ther  is  a  way  to  be  Allowed  for  the  Passing  of  Cattle  at  the  west  end 
of  the  weast  tear  of  lots;  which  goeth  along  by  the  River  bauckard 
so  a  long  by  medinegoueeck  unto  Silver  stream  or  els  to  run  Betwct-u 
the  lots. 

The  lots  beyound  the  great  dingle  are  longer  and  so  they  are  narower  to 
a  bout  twelve  Rods  to  mack  7  acres. 

And  sum  of  the  lots  on  the  weast  tear  ware  laid  out  But  eleven  ^Rods  so 
that  ther  might  Bee  Room  for  to  macke  up  the  Number  of  Lots  Proposed 
to  be  in  that  Division  each  lot  7  acres  which  in  all  is  30  lots. 

Ther  was  32  lots  Proposed  to  Be  in  that  Division  but  there  was  but  oO 
laid  out  partly  Because  the  lots  must  be  so  very  small  and  ther  ware  sum 
men  willing  to  tacke  ther  lots  Below  aggowam  River  wher  It  would  suite 
them  better  :  &  ther  was  lots  sufRciant. 

The  men  ware  Sam"  Day  &  Nath"  Lenord  whose  names  are  crossed  out 
in  the  acouut  on  the  other  leaf. 

VOL.  XXIX.  25 


286 


Early  Selllers  in  West  Springfield. 


[July, 


Meraorniiiliun. 

In  order  to  rrcvent  all  mlstacks  that  may  att  any  time  heareafter  arise 
It  is  to  bo  Renionibercd  that  All  that  was  djiie  About  the  Dividiui,'  of  tlie 
land  given  by  the  town  to  the  lidiabitants  of  this  Precinct  The  Proprie- 
tor saw  caust;  to  Reverse  F.^c  ui.^e  of  die  diliicultieb  with  the  first  Coiumitey 
that  bhould  have  modeled  the  said  Laud  so  that  nhat  Records  are  of  th« 
Date  of  1707  must  l^e  understood  accordingly.  And  nothing  \va5  done  to 
effect  till  after  the  town  had  chosen  a  new  Commitey  for  Modeling  the  s'^ 
land  So  the  dividing  of  the  s'^  land  was  delayed  till  the  year  1720  as  may 
be  seen  in  the  other  end  of  this  Book    And  then  was  compleated. 

Sam''  Ely  clerk. 
An  Acompt  IIow  the  land  is  divided 
That  was  given  to  this  precinct 
by  the  Town. 

It  is  Almost  twelve  years  since  ther  was  certain  tracts  of  land  given,  by 
the  Town  to  the  Inhabitants  of  this  precinct  And  it  was  expected  the 
same  should  have  Been  forth  with  divided  :  And  sum  ludeavours  ware  used 
as  may  be  seen  by  what  is  written  in  the  begineing  of  the  Book  to  settle 
the  same  But  nothing  was  Accomplished  till  Tuseday  the  19th  of  April 
Ano  Dom  1720  Then  there  was  a  meeting  Regularly  And  lawfully  warn- 
ed by  a  warant  from  A  Justice  of  the  peace  to  Divide  and  distribute  the 
s**  laud.  iVnd  iho  Proprietors  being  Asembled  Did  chuse  Left  John  Day 
to  be  ther  Moderator  And  Sam"  Ely  to  be  ther  Clark  who  was  Imt-diately 
sworn  to  that  oifn-'e  And  the  Proprietors  preceded  to  draw  a  list  of  the 
Names  of  those  that  ware  owners  of  And  had  Right  in  the  s'^  land  which 
ware  of  two  denominations  According  to  the  Tenor  of  the  grant  first  those 
that  ware  Petetioners  secondly  those  that  ware  to  be  provided  for  The 
Names  of  the  Petitioners  according  as  was  then  determined  by  a  vote  are 
as  followtth : 


James  Barcker 
Joseph  Barcker 
Samii  Barcker 
Oliver  Barcker 
John  Bag 
Jonathan  Bag 
Nath'i  ^Morgan 
Samii  IMiller 
Sam'i  Frost 
Nat.  Sykes 
Pela  Jons 
Sam"  Warine' 
Ebenf  Day 
Christian  Vanhom 
Charls  Fery 
Sam'i    Day 
Sam"  Ely 
Jno  Fowler 
Joseph  Bodortba 
Mr  "VVoodbrids 


SamU  Bodortha 
Sam    Bodurcha  jun^ 
Josiah  Leuord 
Capn  Bad 
Samii  Ball 
Henry  Rogers  sn"" 
Jn"  Zogers 
Nathii  Dumbleton 
W™  Scot 
Benja  Lenord 
John  Day 
Jn"  Lenord 
Jams  Tailer  sn'' 
James  Tailer  jun'' 
Edward  Foster 
Jose.  Lenord  Sen' 
Sam"  Cooper 
Gersham  Hail  Jun' 
Nat.  Bancroft 
Jams  Stevenson  jun' 


John  Ely 
Jonathan  Tailer 
John  Mdler 
Sam"  Lenord 
Gersham  Hail  sen''- 
Deacon  Barber 
Isaac  Frost 
Francis  Ball 
Nat.  Lenord 
Jams  Mireck 
Jose.  Lenord  jun' 
John  Hail 
Tho'  Barber 
Jams  Stevenson 
Jonath.  "Worthington 
Deacon  Parsons 

of  age  [57] 


In  the  Next  place  a  list  was  drawn  of  the  Names  of  those  that  ware  to 
be  provided  for  who  ware  such  as  had  Removed  hither  &  ware  Inliabitants 
or  such  of  the  Inhabitants  as  ware  born  hear  and  had  attained  to  the  Age 
of  twenty-one  years  which  was  determined  by  a  vote  as  followeth  : 


1875.] 


Early  Settlers  in  West  Springfield. 


287 


Jno  Daj'  iim<" 
Henry  l\0'jcn-s  jun^ 
Jno  Bodortlia 
Jose.  Ball 
Thos  Miller 
Jno  Ilu'jin 
Ben.  ]Miller 
Ben  Parsons 
John  Fowler  jun, 
Sam"  D;iy  juu' 
Chnrls  Fery 
Jonatii  Old 
Tho*  Miller  jua"^ 
Eben''  Scot 
Pel  at.  Mortran 


Kath"  !Mor<;an  junr 
Sam"  Moriran 
Ebe^  Mor;.Mn 
Sam"  'J\ulfr  2nd 
Joria"'  Bag  jiuir 
Jolin  Ba'j  jiuir 
Eben  f  A  silly 
Jose  Ashly 
Benja  Aslily 
Miai.-ter 
Jusiah  ^ filler 
lienjainiii  Stebbiu 
Mark  Fery 
Sam"  Fery 


John  "White 
Jams  Stevenson 
Danill  Coley 
Jona'h  Ball 
Lenj^^  Ball 
Jose  Coitlton 
Bcnja  Hail 
Eben""  Lenord  jun"^ 
John  Barber 
Thos  Bodortha 
Ben.  Bodortha 
Jose.  Bodortha  jun' 

John  :\Iiller  v»- 3'-'  _..,    ,_ 

Cap"  Dowue'ing  Ebenr  Scot  Sam"  Fery  [41] 

Jams  Mireek  junr 

Voted  to  divide  the  land  into  three  Divisions  one  divi>;iou  to  extend  from 
the  tope  of  the  hill  to  dorbeys  Brook  And  one  from  dorbey.s  Urook  to  the 
upper  end  of  the  chickebey  field  And  one  Below  Aggowam  Kiver  And 
then  the  meeting  A  Journed  till  the  second  tusoday  lu  may. 

And  on  Tuesday  May  the  10''^  1720  The  meeting  Makeing  Asemhled 
It  was  voted  that  all  those  proprietors  that  ware  grantes  liveiug  between 
the  pound  and  clay  Hill  should  have  liberty  to  draw  for  their  lots  la  that 
division  which  is  between  the  tope  of  the  hill  and  dorbeys  Brook  and  those 
that  mised  of  lots  thear  shonld  have  them  In  the  other  divisions. 

It  was  voted  that  the  lots  in  the  division  on  the  tope  of  the  hill  should 
be  Numbered  begineing-  att  the  Southerly  end  of  the  east  tear  cf  Lots  And 
so  to  goe  along  to  dorbeys  Brook  And  then  the  lots  are  to  be  numbered 
from  the  northerly  end  of  the  next  tear  Back  again  to  the  hill. 

It  WGs  voted  that  the  men  whose  Names  are  Hear  after  exprest  should 
have  ther  lots  In  the  division  at  chickebey    That  is  to  say 

A  list  of  those  in  Aggowam  Division. 

Pelatiah  Morgan  Jams  Stevenson 

Sam"  [Miller  Danu  Coley 

Thos  Miller  jun"-  Jose.  Coulton 

Josinh  Miller  Ben'i  Haill 

Nath"  Svkes  Ebeur  Lenord  junr 

Sam"  Tailer  junr  Jo^i^  Barber 

Jose.  Ashly  Thos  Bodortha 

Ebenf  Ashly  Benja  Bodortha 

Benja  Ashly  Jose.  Bodortha  jum 

Ebenr  Scot  Sam"  Bodortha 

John  MiUer  3^  Josiah  Lenord 
[24]         Samii  Day  junr 

John  Day  juu""        [13] 


TTm  Scot 
Jams  Barcker 
Oliver  Barcker 
Joseph  Barcker 
Sam"  Barcker 
John  Bag 
John  Bag  j an*' 
Jona^*!  Bag 
Jona"^  Bag  jitnr 
Nath"  [Morgan 
Nath"  [Mor<,'an  jun' 
Sam"  [Morgan 
Eben'  Moriian 


A  list  of  the  Names  of  the  men  that  Belong  to  that  division  on  the  Hill 
And  the  Number  that  each  man  drew. 

It  was  voted  and  concluded  to  confirm  that  lot  to  M"'  Woodbridg  which 
he  hath  sould.  provided  that  those  to  whom  It  was  soidd  would  acksept  of 
that  number  of  acres,  or  other  wise  they  might  have  liberty  to  draw  for  A  lot. 


Sara"  Day 
Eben'  Day 
Benja  Lenord 
Chads  Fory 
Jams  Miroek 
]Si  at  Dumblton 


2  Samii  TV'ariner 

3  .John  Fowler 
4:Jam«  Tailor  jun' 
5  Sam"  Ball 

«3  Deacon  Parsons 
TE"^  Foster 


8  Jonat''  Tailer 

1-i 

9  Nath"  Lenord 

15 

10  Pela.  Jons 

16 

11  Francis  Ball 

17 

12  Cap"  Ball 

13 

13  Jam  TaUer  Sen' 

19 

28S  JEarly  Settlers  in  West  Springfield.  [July, 

John  Ely    '  20  Jn"  Rocrcrs  24  Sam"  Bodorlhajunf  2.S 

Christiiin  2l.]ohnI>;iy  2o  John  Millor  In.-ign  20 

Jno  Lcnord  22Josc  IJodortlia  26  Henry  llogers  30 

Sam"  Ely  23!Saniii  JiodorUia  27 

The  Above  List  is  the  Acount- How  the  Lots  on  the  hill  ware  Drawn 
Accordiu;jr  to  their  Nu;nlier      [20] 

The  meeting  Aji^uiaLd  till  jMiiiiday  next. 
And  one  Munday 'May  The  IG"'  1720 
The  meeting  Asembled 

Voted  that  Robert  Old  have  a  lot  provided  for  him. 

Voted  that  Sam"  Frost  have  Liberty  to  draw  for  his  lot  provided  he 
Relinquish  what  Right  he  hath  already  to  a  lot  in  the  s"^  land. 

Voted  that  thcr  be  a  comitey  for  the  layeing  out  of  that  tear  of  Lots  which 
is  on  the  south  side  of  the  way  above  dorbeys  brook,  which  are  Impowered 
to  divide  the  same  so  as  may  bo  most  convenient  to  accomodate  the  pro- 
prieters. 

The  men  chosen  for  comitey  Are  Insig"  Mirek  Serjat  Bag,  TTiliam  Scot. 

Att  the  meeting  of  the  proprietors  by  Ajoarnment  may  the  IC^^  1720 
Christian  haveing  desired  to  exchang  y*'  Urawt  of  His  Lot 

Voted  that  Christian  Vauhorn  have  a  smal  tract  of  land  eastward  of  the 
first  tear  of  lots  on  the  hill  lyciug  southerly  of  westfield  Rhoad  between  the 
end  of  the  lots  and  a  highv.ay  coming  up  the  hill  from  the  street  wher 
Ebnn^  Day  liveth.  provided  it  doe  not  exced  ten  acres  and  he  to  Relinquish 
his  Right  elsv.  hear. 

Voted  That  Insi°  Mirek  Sorja"  Bag  And  Sam'^  Ely  be  a  comitey  to  lay 
out  the  high  way  that  lieth  thru  the  land  granted  by  the  town  from  the  top 
of  the  hill  to  the  uper  end  of  chickeby  field. 

Voted  To  lay  out  the  lots  that  Belong  to  the  petitioners  in  ten  acre  lots 
that  each  man  may  have  ten  acres  in  a  lot. 

Voted  That  the  s*^  Comitey  (viz.)  Jams  Mirek  Jn°  Bagg  And  Wiliam 
Scot  lay  out  the  lots  to  the  petitioners  in  that  division  Below  aggowam 
River. 

Voted  That  any  five  of  the  proprietors  that  desier  to  have  a  meeting  of 
the  s"^  proprieters  may  sign  a  notification  to  the  Clark  of  the  proprieters  to 
warn  a  meeting  when  need  shall  rcpiier  And  the  cl  erk  posting  up  the  same 
Jn  sum  publick  place  &  giveing  due  notice  as  to  the  time  shal  be  counted  a 
lawful  warning  to  asemble  uppon  any  ocation  the  proprieters  may  have 
to  convene  uppon. 

May  the  2-4  1723  Att  a  meeting  of  the  Proprieters  being  Duely  to  finish 
the  Dividing  of  the  s*^  Land  and  all  persons  ware  desired  to  attend  the  s*^ 
meeting  that  ware  concerned  and  Expected  a  Right  in  the  s*^  land  Serja*' 
John  Bag  Moderator  And  then  Voted  to  adjourn  the  Meeting  till  tusday 
the  28"^  of  this  Lastant  may  at  3  'o  clock  afternoon  at  the  meeting  house. 

And  on  I\[ay  the  28""  the  meeting  Asembled  Voted  that  the  heirs  of 
Sam^^  Miler  Jun"'  Deceased  have  a  lot  divided  to  them.  Voted  That  of  Joseph 
Bodurtha  .Jun"^  Deceased  have  a  lot  divided  to  them  (viz.)  the  heiers  of 
Jo*  Bodurtha.     Voted  That  Sam^^  Kent  have  a  lot  divided  to  him. 

It  was  voted  and  detrjrmined  att  this  meeting  that  the  Lands  which  shall 
Remain  undi\'ided  after  the  former  proprieters  are  suplied  (which  have 
not  yet  had  their  Respective  lots)  That  the  comitey  formerly  Chosen  shall 
divide  the  same  to  such  persons  as  of  Right  It  Belongeth  unto  according 
as  they  come  of  age  or  as  they  came  to  live  hear  so  that  he  that  corns  first 
of  Age  shall  first  be  suplied  with  a  lot. 


1875.]  Earhj  Settlers  in  West  Springfield.  289 

Juue  y*  C'^  1720.  Hoar  followeth  an  A  Count  of  tho  Dlvifleinc,^  of  tho 
land  given  to  the  Inhabitants  of  tliis  Precinct  l>y  the  Town  And  tlrst  the 
land  on  the  hill. 

1.  The  first  lot  in  the  Tear  on  the  east  side  of  the  high  way  is  divided 
to  '51'  "NVoodbridg  IJeing  in  length  o4  Rods  iu  width  21  Ivod<^  and  is  In 
Quant itye  seven  acres. 

2.  The  Second  lot  to  Sam"  Day  Bounded  on  the  South  by  M'  Wood- 
brig     Quantityc  ten  acres  Length  58  Rods  IJredth  23  Hods. 

3.  The  third  lot  to  1-^beu''  Dav  Quantitve  ten  acres  bounded  South  By 
Sam"  Day  length  03  Rod.-,  width' 2G  Rods.  ' 

4.  The  fourth  lot  to  l><Mij-"  Lenord  bounded  South  by  Eben''  Day  Quan- 
tityc ten  acres  bi-edth  23  Rods  and  the  length  is  72  Rods. 

5.  The  fifth  lot  is  laid  out  to  Charles  Fery  ten  acres  bounded  Southerly 
by  Benjam"  Lenord  And  is  counted  to  be  eighty  Rods  long  in  the  middle 
but  it  is  longer  on  the  north  side  &  sliorter  on  the  south  side  and  in  width 
it  is  20  Rods  All  those  lots  Above  Run  in  length  from  the  high  way  to  the 
top  of  the  hill. 

G.  The  sixth  Lot  is  to  James  Mirek  ten  acres  bounded  southerly  By 
Charles  Fery  and  is  in  length  SO  Rods  And  in  Bredth  20  Rods. 

7.  The  seventh  lot  is  to  Nathaniell  Dumblcton  80  Rods  long  <fc  20  Rods  in 
Bredth:  ten  acres  Bounded  Southerly  ]]y  Jams  Mireck,  Northerly  the 
high  way. 

8.  And  then  there  is  twenty  Rods  for  the  high  way  And  the  Next  lot 
to  the  high  way  is  to  Sam"  "W'ariner  which  is  in  Number  the  eighth  lot. 
Quantity  ten  acres  Length  SO  Rods  Bredth  20  Rods,  bounded  on  "the  high 
way  south. 

9.  The  Ninth  lot  to  .Tohn  Fowler.  Quautitv  ten  acres  bounded  south- 
erly by  Sam"  "Warinor.    Length  SO  Rods  Bredth  20  Rods. 

10.  The  tenth  lot  is  to  Jams  Taller  Jun'^  Quantitve  ten  acres,  length 
80  Rods  bredth  20  Rods  bounded  Southerly  by  John  "Fowler,  And  is  the 
last  lot  in  that  division  on  the  east  side  of  the  way  in  that  tear. 

There  is  a  lot  granted  &  alowed  by  the  propriety  to  Christian  Yanhorn 
in  lew  of  the  21st  of  lot  in  the  s'^  diWsion  (uppon  his  desire  by  way  of  ei- 
chaug)  which  lyeth  at  the  eastward  end  of  the  said  eastward  tear  of 
lots.  And  is  Bounded  on  the  east  by  the  high  way  that  corns  up  the  hill 
from  the  street  where  Eben"^  Day  Liveth.  Nonherlv  By  the  comon  Rhoad 
up  the  clay  hill,  westerly  by  the  Reare  of  the  s*^  Lots '  Southerly  By  the 
Brow  of  the  great  hill.     Quantitve  About  eight  acres. 

11.  The  first  Lot  In  the  Avest  tear  of  Lots^Belonging  to  the  Hill  Division 
Begineing  att  dorbeys  Brook  Is  to  Sam"  Ball  &  is  In  Number  the  Eleventh 
lot:  Quantitve  ten  acres.    Length  80  Rods,  bredth  20. 

13.  The  thirteenth  Lot  is  to  Edward  Foster  Quantitye  ten  acres.  Length 
80  Rods  bredth  20  Rods     Bounded  Northerly  By  Deacon  Parson. 

12.  The  12*''  lot  is  to  Deacon  Parson  ten  acres  Length  80  Rods  Bredth 
20  Rods  bounded  by  Sam"  Bal. 

14.  The  fourteenth  lot  to  Joua"'  Taller  ten  acres  Bounded  Northerly  by 
Edward  Foster  Length  80  Rods.  Bredth  20  Rods  bounded  by  the  High- 
way, South. 

lo.  The  l'^'""  lot  is  to  Nath"  Lenord:  ten  acres  Length  80  Rods, 
Bredth  20  Rods  bound  by  the  high  way  on  the  North  &  Pelati.  Jons  South. 

10.  The  10  lot  is  Pelati.  .Jones:  Quantitve  ten  acres  Length  80  Rods 
Bredth  20  Ro'ls,  BounJed  by  Nath"  Lenord"' on  the  North. 

[To  be  comLaueJ.j 
TOL.  XXII.  25* 


290       Becord-Booh  of  the  First  Church  in  Charlestoicn.   [July, 


(Continued  from  pngo  72.) 

—  l'aj:;e  286  {Condwlat).  — 

Octo]b.22',Samucl  Bta(k(>nl)ury  &  Ann  Chickerinjr — bnth  )   Bracknn- 

I j     of  Chnrl.  •■:  1'ov,  n— To.^tifyoil  h\  Divers  p'sent  f      [bury 

]S'oTl[blof  Jonathan    Dons   &    Eli«al)eth    r.;ill;iril    hotli   of  }    -Qoxx?, 

'  Cha>-Ies  Town  T.ftify(.nl  by  Divers  p'sent  ^ 

1C95\        Efiw;inl  park  of   Xewt'o\vn  .Sc  ^[artha   fifkc  of  i 

March    13        Water- Town.     Teftifyod  to  bo  Lawfully  pub-   | 

nnu'd   by   IMwanl   Jackson    Town   clerk  of  |-  park 
Newtown,     And    Rich'*    Blofs    constable    of 
AV^atertown.     G 


13 


y*  Same  day  carried  in  to  ni'  Samuel  phips  for  Registry 


fower  lust  weddings  mentioned — p*.  1' 


[the 


Decern 


June 


;Novem 


1 695        Married  —  Page  28 1  — 

May  I  14  ]Cap».  Thomas  flifko  of  Wenham  &  Martha 
tiitch  of  Jioston  their  publication  accordinc:  to 
Law  Testifyed  by  Josiah  Dudg  constable  of 
Wenham  &  Ephraim  Savage  Town  clerk  of 
Bofton  3 
16    Thomas  fofdick  &  Mary  I^Lartin  both  of  Charles  ' 

Town  Testifyed  by  Divers  p'sent  6 

12  jJonathanWantell  of  Ipswich  (S:  Catharine  Chick- . 

ering  of    Charles    Town   published  by  John  [^  ■vvirdell 
Newell  Town  clerk  according  to  Law  &  At- 1 
tefted  by  him  ^ 

26    Michael   Gill  &  Relief  Dous   both  of    Charles^ 

Town — publif'^  accord:   to   Law   Attefted  by  V  Gill 
Kathanael  Dous  Town  clerk     6  ) 


fHfke 


flfofdick 


Jan: 


16 


30 


ber 
11 


21 


97 


William  Austin  &  Hannah  Trerife  both  of  Charles  ) 
Town  publicacijn  Testifyed  by  Natbanael  V 
Dous  Town  clerk  ) 


These  4  last  weddings  carried  In  to  m'  Samuel 
phips  for  Registry.  p'\  1' 


Austin. 


John    Adams   of    Concord   &   Esther    ford    of^ 

Charlestown.    publifhed    according   to   Law.  v  Adams 
Attefted  by  Nathanael  Dous  Town  clerk     6     ) 

John  &  Cloris  Negroes  belonging  to  M'  Charles  ) 

Chambers,    by   y*   exprefs   consent   of   their  >  Neoroes 
j^liftris  p'sent  y 

[John  phillips  &  mary  grofs  of  Boston  10  —      phillips 

I  Abraham  Hill  &  Martha  Gary  both  of  Ch:  To^vn     Hill 


These  4  last  (of  English  Chriftians)  carried  In  to 
M'  Nath  Dows  Town  Clerk.     July.  26.  1697 


[Note. — Records  of  Marriages  end  here.  The  lower  one-fourth  of  pn::e  287  is 
vacant.  Pa^es  283  and  2S9  contain  Records  of  Bnpti-ms,  March  I,  17^9-30,  to 
Nov.  22,  1730.  P;v:jo  29<)  is  vacant.  The  Record  of  Baptisms  is  thtn  continued  on 
page  291  from  page  2S2.] 


1875.]  liccord-Booh  of  the  First  Church  in  Charhstoicn.      291 


1 

M 
Xov. 


17 
Jan. 


Feb 


Marc' 


roi 

30 


01^ 
11 

18. 


15 


29 


Baptized 


—  Pao;c  291  — 


Samuel  (Imptized  upon  the  ace',  of  his 

Granflmothfr  Scot  who  pnbli-'kly  promiPJ  to 
take  care  of  his  religious  education) 

Jonathan  S  of  Elifha  &  Mary  Doubleday        

Josias  S  of  Joseph  &  Naomi  Harris  

Jonathan  S  of  James  &  Patience  Webber.       


1   lIMary  I)  of  Thomas  &  Sarah 
lEliz:  I)  of  Jofoph  &  Ehz 


I 


iJofejih  S  of  Joiiatlian  &  Sufannali      —     

Anne  1)  of  ni'  David  &  Mary  Bafset  

.Mary  I>  of  Jofeph  c^  :\Iary  AVood  

Andrew  S  of  m'  Jofepli  &  Eliz:  Newel     

Abiali  S.  of  Ai'chibald  &  Sarah         —    

Thomas  S.  of  Robert  &  ]\Iercy  

Zecheriali  S  of  m'  Zecliery  &  Dorcas  Symmes 

Nathan':  S  of  Jfaac  &  Rebekah  Eowl  —  _ 

Hannah  D  of  Jsaac  &  :Mary  Mirick  —  

jSarali  D  of  Robert  &  Sarali  Coulduk  —  — 

iThomas  S  of  Ju'^  &  ^fahitabel  Hand  —  

ISarah  D  of  Dnnie!  i<c  H;.>nnah  Lavrrence  — 

illannah  D  of  Benj  &  


Doubleday 

Harris. 

AV'cbber. 

AVhite 

Austin 

Griff  en 

Bafset. 

"Wood. 

Nc'.vel. 

Macqueddy 

Foskit. 

Symme3 

Fowl. 

Mirick 

Coulduck. 

Rand 

Lawrence 

Pierce 


1702 
M 
April 


May 


May 

June 
July 

July 


Augs' 
Sept 


17 

M 
Sep' 

Oct' 


Nov 


24 


19 


Baptized 


—  Pacre  292  — 


13 


02 

D 

20 


,  Nathan':  S  of  Jn'  &  ifan-  Lano-Iy  

'Matthew  S.  of  Samuel  &  Prifcma  Griffen.  — 

:Mary  D  of  Sam':  &  Rachel  Knight  —  — 

!  Graves  S  of  m'  Robert  &  Katharine  —  — 

j Esther  D  of  Isaac  &  Robinfon     —  — 

jWhaf  [>]  S  of  Caleb  &  Anne  Call  —  _ 

;John  S.  of  M'  W"  &  Mary  Rows  —  _ 

iThomas  S.  of  Samuel  &  Sarah  Huchifon  — 

;Benjamin  S  of  Henry  &  Hannah  Bod"-e  — 

'Rebeka  D  of  Jn"  &  Katharine  Taylorf     —  

;Bethiah  D  of  Richard  &Bethiah  —  _ 

.Benj:  S  of  Benj:  &  Abi-ail  Bunker  —  — 

IZfcctif-riah  S  of  m' Jn°  &  Susanah  _ 

;  John  S  t)f  Vi'=  ii  ]Mary  

[Benjamin  S  of  Nath  &  Thankfull  _  _ 

John  S  of  \\^  &  Hannah  Austin  —  — 

i  William  S  of  W"  &  AbisaU  Smith  —  _ 

;:vrary  D  of  M^  Nath':  &  Anna  _  _ 

yi'  Simon,  (quondam  Judeus)  Barns        

Mercy  D  of  Jn"  &  Dorothy  Moufell  —  — 

—  Page  293  — 

Widdow  Margaret  Addams  

jMary  Saltar  

I  Sampson  Notfroe  

;  Simon  S.  of  Simon  &  Mary  Bradstreet.    

:Josiah  S.  of  Jn°  (deceaf'd)  &  Sarah  "^Miitamore. 

jEhzabeth.  D  of  Benj  &  Hannnh  Lawrence.  — 

'Pierce  S.  of  Samuel  &  Hannah  Counts  

I  Jofoph  Son  of  Charles  &  Ehz:  Hunnewell  

IRobert  S  of  EUas  &  Abigail  Stone.  


Langley 

Gritten 

Knight 

Kuowles 

Robinlon 

CaU 

Rowse 

Huchifon 

Bodge 

Tailor. 

Tucker. 

Bunker 

Chickering 

Brown 

Wilson 

Austin 

Smith 

Addams. 

Barns 

Moufell 


Addams 

Saltar. 

Sampson. 

Bradstreet 

AThitamore 

Lawrence 

Counts. 

Hun  newel. 

Stone 


292        Record-Booh  of  the  First  Church  iyi  Charlestown.    [Julv, 


29 

D'o 

20 

27 

Jan 

3 

—  Page  293  {Concluded).  - 

^Villiam  S  of  ^V'°  &  S;ii-ali 
Danit'l  S  of  IM'  Jn"  &  Al)i'4ail 
B(.Tij  Son  of  Kalph  Ot  Anna  Moufal 
JJchniali  J)  of  William  6:. 
I'i-ii'Ilik-c  D  of  iiir  Tho:  ^  rrudence 
Elizahotli  w  of  Jn"  ^InnftT 
Kicliard  S  of  Natli'.  i^  Anna 
Anne  I)  of  m'  Jn'  &  Abi'.rail  Plainer 
Josiiih  S  of  uf  ^licliacl  ^c  Kelief  Gill 
Timothy  S  of  Robert  & 


Melcndr-n 
Watkiiia 
^Moulal. 
Kanrl 
Swan 
Man  for 
Frothingham. 
llniner 
Gill 
TVier 


1702 
M. 
January 


P>aptizcJ 


—  Pacre  29 i 


D. 


10  lElizabeth,  D:  of  m'  Epbraim  &  Martha 
J1702 

3| 
March  '  27  I  Jacob  S.  of  Jacob  &  Eliz:  Plurd. 

'l703 
March     28    Thomas  S  of  (Tho:  deccafed  &)  Mabel 
William  S.  of  Stephen  & 
Elizabeth  D  of  Tho:  &  Marv 
Elizabeth  D  of  Ju":  lS:  Eliz:' 
April       4    Anna  D.  of  Stephen  <*<  Mar^jaret 

11  iBenjai'iin  S  of  Beni:  .St  Lvdia 
lElizabeth  D  of  "W^'Sc  Elizabeth 

18    Abigail  D.  of  John  &  HannaJi  Newel 
June  iJohn  S.  of  Tbeopliilud  &  Katharine 

Rich;xrd  S.  of  Jn'^  iic  Call 

July     11   iSaniuel  S.  of  Sam'.  S:  Sarah 
Ijn^  S.  of  Xath'&Eliz: 

18    Meliitabel  D  of  ni'  Sam'  &  Nath: 
Anna  I)  of  m'  Jn"  &  Anna 
Jofeph  S  of  Nath''  ^s:  Ilanah 
Jofeph  S  of  Jofeph  &  Eliz 
Margaret  D  of  Eob';  ^Sc  ^Marg': 


—     Bree[ 


—      Hard. 


Sheppy. 
Ford 

Fosdirk 

Manfer. 

Fofdick 

lUchefon 

Cook 

Xewel. 

Jvory 

Call 

Auftin 

Webber 

Phips 

Phillips 

Frothingham 

Stimpfon 

Ward. 


1703 
M. 

Auns:' 


Sep' 


19 

26 

Octo' 

3 

17 

J^ove' 

7 

Dece' 

5 

12 

Jan: 

9 

D. 

1. 
15 
22 
12 


Baptized 


—  Pase  295 


jRebeka  D  of  William  &  Esther  —  —  Frothingham 

i James  S  of  John  &  Eliz:  i»ierce  —  —  Pierce. 

iDoroas  D  of  ni'  Zeeherv  "Sc  Dorcas  —  —  SjTumes. 

.Nathaniel  S  of  Abr:lh  3<  :\Iartha  —  _  Hill 

j^Iary  D.  of  Siiaon  \:  !Mary  —  —  Bradstreet 

ijohanna  D.  of  Caleb  &  Anne  —  —  Call. 

iThomas  S.  of  IVIiehael  ^'  Juhannpii  Brigden  —  Brit^den 

|Mary  D  of  Alirfih  8:  Sarah  °  —  _  Miller 

iSarah  D  of  N;Uh;iniel  &:  Elizaln-th  —  —  Howard 

|El:z;.beth  D  of  Str-phen  ii  ^hl^y  Kidder  —  —  Kidder 

lElizabeth  D  of  Rieliard  C?c  3Iary  —  —  Boylstone. 

jLydia  D  of  Andrew  Ik  —  —  Stimpson 

ISnmnei  S.  of  Jn'  &  Grace  Eads         —    —  —  Eads 

|Thom:is  S  of  Caleb  &  Abiirail  —     —  —  Crolsewell 

iKatliarine  D  of  Josiah  t^-  J  )orotliy  [Kathar,  erased]  Treadway 

jCaleb  S  of  John  c^  Mehitabel  Ptand  —  —  Rand 

j.ronuthan  S  of  Elifha  &  ^lary  —  —  Doubleday 

T-aac  S  of  m'  Rii-hnrd  &  m"^  Pernet  —  —  Fofter 

iWiUiam  S  of  "William  *i-  Sarah  —  —  Melenden 


1875.]   Record-Booh  of  the  First  Church  in  Charlestoicn.      293 


170 

Jan 


Feb: 


Marc"" 

Ap! 


May 

June 


16 
23 
30 

6 

20 

ia[? 

2 
16 


23 
30 


9 
22 

18 


Baptized        —  Page  296  — 

Josf-ph  S.  of  Nathaniel  &  Tliankfull  —  —  Wilfon 

Ebonezor  S.  of  Ebenezer  Cs:  llebeka  —  —  Auftia 

Santh  1)  of  ^^';!lianl  &  Abi-ail  Smith.  —  —  Smith 

Lycha  I)  of  Daniel  i^  Ilannali  —  —  Lawrence 

Srth  S.  of  Seth  8i  Sarah  Sweetzer.  —  —  Sweetzcr 

William  S  of  William  &  Anna  Stevens.  —  —  Sti:vcu3 

Ilcnry  S.  of  Isnao  &  Rebeka  Fowl  —  —  Fowl. 

Jonathan  S  of  John  &  —  —  Erlmunds 

Josiah  S  of  Jose{)h  &  ]Mnry  "Wood  —  —  Wood 

I luldah  I)  of  Joseph  &  Naomi  Harris  —  —  Harris 

Hannah  D  of  Henry  &  Hann;ih  Bodge.  —  —  Bodge, 

-lohu  Hovt-y  (adult)  —  —  Hovey 

Mar'"'^^  '^  [  *^^"^  <^^  ^^  J^°  ^  °'"  ^^^  [*blotted]  Foy* 

Samnol  S  of  Nathaniel  &  Anna  —  —  Lord 

Peter  S  of  m'  Bath  &  Marj'     's  wife_  —  Bathe 

Hannah  D  of  m'  Edward  &  m"  Emerfon  Emerlu 

Mary  I)  of  nf  Francis  &  ^lary  Bafset.  —  —  Bafset 

Sarah  D  of  ^V°^  &  Sarah  Halev  —  —  Haley. 

Robert  S.  of  Robert  &  Mercy 'Fof kit  —  —  Fofkit. 

Anne  D  of  Edwanl  &  Mary  Larkin  —  —  Larkin 

John  S  uf  ?.riehael  &  Relief  Gill  —  _  Gill 

Abigail  1)  of  Hannah  &  "\V'f  Hurry  —  —  Hurry 

Elencr  I)  of  Robert  &  Sarah  Courduck  —  —  Coulduek 


1704 
M 
June 
July 


Au£rs': 


Sept 

Octo': 
Nov': 

Dece"'': 


D 

25 
9 

16 
23 

13 

20 


3 
10 


5. 

19 
3 


Baptized 


Page  297. 


John  S  of  Thomas  &  Harris        —  —  Harris 

Mary  D  of  &  Deborah  —  —  Farnam. 

EUzabeth  D  of  Charles  &  EUz:  —  —  HunneweL 

Samuel.  S.  of  m'  Jn"  &  Susannah  —  —  Chickering 

Sufannah  D  of  John  &  Hannah  Damon    —  —  Damon 

Andrew  S  of  Jsaac  &  Mary  Mirick  —  —  Mirick 

John  S.  of  John  &  Hannah  Price  —  —  Price 

Abigail  D  of  W"  &  Abigail  Kettle  —  —  Kettle. 

Lydia  D  of  m'  Jofhua  &  lu"  Sarah  —  —  Scottow. 

Mary  D  of  John  &  Abigail  Babbit  —  —  Babbit 

Deborali  D  of  Samuel  &  Sarah  Huchifon  — 

Daviil  S  of  m'  Jofeph  &  Eliz :  Newel         —  —  Newel 

Benjamin  S  of  Benj :  &  Anna  —  —  Lawrence 

Kathariu  D.  of  m'  Calvin  &  m"  Katharin  —  Galpin 

Richard  S:  of  Richard  &BethiahTukker  —  Tucker 

Caleb  S.  of  Thomas  &  _  _  Call 

EUz:  D  of  Stephen  —  —  Ford. 

Sarah  D  of  m'  Nathaniel  &  m"  Dorothy  —  Dows. 

Rebekk;di  D  of  Thomas  &  Sarah  —  —  White 

Richard  S  of  m'  Richard  &  Eliz:  Jeans.  —  —  Jeams. 

Jofeph  S  of  Jofeph  &  Sarah  —  —  Rand 

Hannah  D  of  Sufannah  Adams  —  — 


17  04 


Dec 
Jan 

Feb 


31 

7 

4 

11 


Baptized        —  Page  298  — 

Abigail  D  of  Jofeph  &  Mary  Heath  —  —  Heath. 

1  Matthew  S  of  Samuel  5c  Griff  en  —  —  Griff  en. 

I  Hannah  D.  of  Eiias  &  Abigail  Stone  —  —  Stone. 

!Eli{)halet  S:  or  Juhn  &  Hannah  —  —  Newel. 

Martha  D  (>f  u\'  Ejihraim  &  ux'  ilartha  —  —  Breed 

1  Hannah  D  of  Samuel  &  Hannah.  —  —  Frothingha": 


294        Itecord-Booh  of  the  First  Church  in  Charlestovm.    [July, 


Marcli 


Ap' 


May 
June 


17 

Julv 


Aug-" 

Sept: 
Sept 


Octob 


Nov'. 


Dec" 


170 

5 

Decern' 

30 

Jan 

6 

13 

Feb: 

3 

10 

17 

24 

17 

06 

March 

31 

Ap» 

Maj  i 


—  Pajie  298  {Conclwhd).  — 

iLncv  D.  of  Botij:  &  Lucv  Pljil!i[.s.  —  —  Phillips 

25  l^farV  D.  of  Jacol)  c<c  Kliz:  IIiir.1.                 —  —  Hard. 
4  JEdward  S  of  ni' Jonathan  6v' rii"  Kath:      —  —  Dows 

11    Samuel  iS.  of  nr  Jofepli  C!c  Kuth:  —  —  Evcrton 

18    Jtihn  S  of  Olivet-  is:  Anna  Atwood  —  —  Atwood 

1  Tlion'.as  S  of  Thomas  C'ook  (dcccareil)  &  Susannah  C'o(.>k. 
Jonatlian  S  of  ni'  Jonathan  \  Ruth  Edmunds  Edmund;-. 
Cabcb  S  of  Calob  &  Al)icrail                _     _  __  C'rofjewel 
Isaac  S  of  Beiij:imin  &  Lydia  Puchardson  —  It'u-hardson 

15  V.'illiam  S.  of  m'  Abraham  &  INIartha  Hill  —  Hill. 
29    John  S  of  PoIxTt  &  Ruth  ^V^x■^        _     —  —  ^V'y»jr 

Sarah  D  of  Stcjihon  &  ^lary  Kidder         —  —  Kidder 

20  John  Brarktmliury  S  of  m'  "Zcfh;u-y  &  Dorcas  Synunos. 

3  Samu'd  S  of  WiU'iam  cSc  I'erfis  Rand          —  —  Rami 
17    Samuel  S  of  Ralph  .S:  Hannah  Moufel       —  —  ]\IoufLd 

24  John  S  of  m'  Adam  Rathe  &  IMary  his  wife  —  Rathe 

05  Baptized        —  Page  299  — 

22  Simon  S  of  Xatli:  &  Elizabeth    .               —  —  Howard. 
Mercy  D:  of  Eikanah  i<c  Elizabeth             —  —  Of  burn. 

29  John  S  of  Theophihi.-;  &  Katharine  Ivory  —  Jvory. 

26  Qtary  wife  of  C'hnrto[>liL-r  Goodwin            —  —  Goodwin 
Thomas  S  of  TIkk  iSc  Eliz:  Lord                —  —  Lord. 

2  iSufanuali  D  of  m'  Jacob  .^'c  —  —  Fowl. 

16  An(hi;w  S.  of  Jfaac  ^  Mary  Mirick           —  —  Miriek 
Peter  S.  of  John  <Sc  Grace  Eads                  —  —  Eads 
Martha  D  of  Caleb  &  Anne  CaU                —  —  CalL 
Abigail  D  of  Thomas  &                              —  —  Harris 

23  Elizabeth  D.  of  Jofeph  &  Eliz  Sympson.  —  —  Symplon 

30  B.mjam  S  of  Xathanifl  (Sc  Thankfid          —  —  Wilson 
7    Raehel  I)  of  William  &  Mary  Teal            —  —  Teal 

14    John  S  of  ^Villiam  ^sc  Sarah  Mtdenden      —  —  Meienden 

28    Su>anna.h  D  of  John  &  Hannah  Daillou  —  —  Daniion. 

4  Abigail  D  of  Xathaniel  6c  Anna  Lord       —  —  Lord 
11    John  S.  of  John  ^^  Elizabeth  Manfer        —  —  Manfer 

25  jPerfis  D  of  Samuel  &  Ptachel  Knight        —  —  Knight 
10  jJohn  S  of  William  Sc  Anna  Stevens          —  —  Stevens. 

John  S  of  Chrifcopher  &  Mary  Goodwin.  —  —  Goodwin 

Sarah  D  of  Xathaniel  &  —  —  Frothingham 

Baptized        —  Page  300  — 

Abigail  D  of  Thomas  &  Heftcr  —  —  Frothingham 

Elizabeth  I)  of  Thomas  6c  ^lary  —  —  Fofdicke 

'John  S  of  m'  John  i^  m"  Sarah  Fov  —  —  Foy 

'WUliam  S  of  ^y^  &  Mary  Sheaf     '  —  —  Sheaf 

i  Sarah  D  of  Daniel  &  —  —  Lawrence 

iJIannah  D.  of  ^lichaol  &  Hannah  Newman  —  Xewman 

iPeletiah  S.  of  Nathaniel  &  Eliz:  Webber  —  Webber. 

jWilham  S.  of  Stephen  &  Ford    —  —  Ford 

EUz:  D  of  Stephen  &  :Margarit  Fofdick.  —  —  Fofdiek 

] Nathaniel  S  of  Eliflia  &  —  —  Doubleday 

jjohn  S  of  Jofeph  &  —  —  Wood. 

[Henry  S  of  Hunrv  &  —  —  Bodge 

!:Mary  D  of  Edwafd  &  _  _  Sheaf 

14  >Tohn  S  of  John  .S:  Abi-ail  Babbet.  —  —  Rabbet 

21  lAbii^ail  D.  of  m'  Nathaniel  c^  xVnna  Adams  —  Addams. 
iJohn  S  of  Robert  ^:  Mary  Fofkit              —  —  Fofkit 

[To  be  continued.] 


1875.]  JVotes  on  American  Ili.-itorij.  295 


NOTES  OX  a:\iericax  history. 

By  the  Rev.  Edwakd  D.  Nf.ill,  Presiilont  of  Macalester  College,  Mlaaeapolis, 

Miuiiesoui. 
Continued  from  vol.  xxviii.  p;ige  317. 

No.  in. 

Rt.  Hon.  Ricil\t:i)  West,  Lord  Chancellor  of  Ireland. 

THE  name  of  Ivlcliard  West,  the  friends  of  free  suffnigc  in  Ame- 
rica slioulJ  not  "willingly  let  die."  In  1717  he  was  appointed 
king's  counsel,  and  in  1723  presented  an  0[)inion  to  the  Board  of 
Trade  adverse  to  a  Virginia  law  that  had  been  passed  by  the  colonial 
assembly,  forbidding  for  the  first  time,  since  the  settlement  at  James- 
town, the  freeholder  who  was  an  Indian,  mulatto,  or  free  negro  to 
vote.  He  said,  "I  cannot  see  why  one  freeman  should  be  used  worse 
than  another,  merely  on  account  of  his  complexion.  *  *  * 
It  cannot  be  i-ight  to  strip  all  free  persons  of  a  black  complexion, 
from  those  rights  which  are  so  justly  valuable  to  any  freeman."  It 
is  to  be  regretted  that  so  little  can  be  gleaned  concerning  tlus  emi- 
nent man. 

As  early  as  A. D.  1714,  he  published  a  "Discourse  concerning 
Treason,"  and  four  years  later,  a  treatise  on  the  "  ]Manner  of  creat- 
ing Peers."  During  the  years  1721,  1722,  he  sat  in  parliament  as  a 
member  from  Bodmin.  In  1725  he  distinguished  himself  in  a 
speech  in  behalf  of  the  Crown,  during  the  trial  of  Sir  Thomas  Par- 
ker, the  earl  of  ^Macclesfield,  for  corrupt  practices  while  chief  justice 
of  England.  Soon  after  this,  he  was  tendered  the  position  of  lord 
chancellor  of  Ireland.  He  lived  in  Dublin,  long  enough  to  be  prized, 
and  died  on  Dec.  3d,  172G.  Archbishop  Boulter  said  his  death  was 
very  much  lamented,  "especially  by  the  la-' -yers  whose  good  will 
and  esteem  he  had  entirely  gained  by  his  patience,  civility,  and  great 
abilities." 

He  was  married  in  1714  to  Elizabeth  the  daughter  of  the  cele- 
brated Bishop  Burnet,  and  sister  of  Governor  Burnet  of  New  York 
and  Massachusetts.  His  only  son  Ptichard  intended  to  be  a  lawyer, 
took  to  poetry,  and  was  the  school-mate  and  life-long  correspondent 
of  the  poet  Gray.  It  was  to  "West,  the  author  of  the  Elegy  wrote, 
"In  the  study  of  the  law,  the  labor  is  long,  and  the  elements  dry 
and  uninteresting,  nor  was  there  ever  any  body  amused,  or  even 
not  disgusted." 

The  remains  of  the  jurist,  the  first  to  write  the  sentiment  "I  can- 
not see  why  one  freeman  should  be  used  worse  than  another,  merely 
upon  account  of  his  complexion,"  were  interred  at  St.  ^\jQne's  Church, 
a  few  steps  from  Trinity  College,  Dublin.  It  is  quite  a  coincidence, 
that  about  a  century  later,  at  the  same  place,  was  buried  the  mortal 


296  JVbfes  on  American  History.  [July* 

part  of  Felicia  Ilcmans,  Avhose  name  has  become  a  hoiiseholJ  word 
in  Aiiiciioa  on  account  of  her  poem  on  the  'Til^rini  Fathers,"  the 
last  stanzas  of  which  is 

''  Ay,  cfiU  ir  holy  ground, 

The  i^oil  ^Tll^.•l•e  first  they  trod, 
They  have  lolt  uiiHtaiiit.il,  what  there  they  found, 
Freedom  to  worship  God." 

IV. 

George  Ruggle,  Auxiioii  of  so:\rE  Early  Publications  uton 

THE    VlKGLN'LV    COLONY. 

George  Ruggle,  late  fellow  of  Clare  Hall,  Cambritlge,  in  his  will 
dated  Sept.  6,  A.D.  1G21,  has  the  following  item.  ''I  give  and  be- 
queath one  hundred  pounds  toward  the  bringing  up  of  the  infidel's 
children  in  Virginia,  in  Christian  religion,  which  my  will  is,  shall 
be  disposed  of  by  the  Virgiuia  Company  accordingly,  desiring 
Almighty  God  to  stir  up  the  charitable  hearts  of  many  to  be  bene- 
factors in  this  kind,  principally  for  the  increasing  of  the  kingdom  of 
our  Lord  and  Saviour,  Jesus  Christ."  As  he  was  one  of  those 
associated  with  the  Earl  of  Southampton,  Shakspeare's  friend.  Sir 
Edwin  Sandys  and  his  brother  George  Sandys  the  poet,  in  pro- 
moting the  English  colonization  of  America,  it  is  desirable  that  a 
few  particulars  of  his  life  should  be  recorded. 

He  was  born  in  Laveham,  Suffolk,  in  1585,  and  baptized  on  Nov. 
13th,  of  the  same  year.  In  the  fourteenth  year  of  his  age  he  entered 
St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  and  in  1593  obtained  a  scholarship 
at  Trinity.  In  1597  he  took  the  degree  of  A.M.  and  entered  into 
holy  orders.  The  next  year  he  became  fellow  of  Clare  Hall.' 
Hitherto  his  name  had  only  appeared  in  literature  as  the  author  of 
the  comexly  of  Ignoramus,"  in  which  the  pedantry  of  the  common 
law  forms,  and  the  obsolete  phraseohjgy  of  lawyers  of  his  day 
w^ere  ridiculed.  It  was  twice  played  before  King  James,  at  the 
University,  by  the  students,  and  he  was  so  pleased  with  ihe  farce, 
that  he  said  ''  he  believed  the  author  and  the  actors  together  had  a 
design  to  make  him  laugh  himself  to  death."  In  1619,  Ruggle 
vacated  his  fellowship,  and  his  biographers  have  no  trace  of  him 
from  this  period. 

In  examining  the  ^ISS.  transactions  of  the  Virginia  Company  I 
discovered  that  he  became  a  "  Brother  of,"  and  valuable  adviser  to 
the  Virginia  Company,  of  which  his  old  college  friend,  Nicholas  Ferrar, 
was  the  secretary.  He  died  aljout  the  middle  of  November,  1622, 
and  Ferrar,  on  the  19th  of  that  month,  at  the  meeting  of  the  Virginia 
Company,  told  them,  that, 

"  He  was  a  man  second  to  none,  in  knowledge  of  all  manner  of  humanity 
learning,  and  so  generally  rejnitetl  in  the  University ;    of  singular  honesty 

•  Sec  Hawkins's  edition  of  *'  I^oramus,"  London,  1787. 


1875.]  Notes  on  American  Illstory.  297 

and  integrity  of  life ;  sincere  and  zealous  in  religion ;  and  of  very  great  wis- 
dom au<funderi=tandirig;  all  wliich  good  part3,  lie  had  for  these  last  three 
years,  wholly  almost  spent,  and  exercised  in  Virginia  business,  having  (be- 
side continually  assisting  his  Brothers  and  himself,  with  counsel  and  all  man- 
ner of  help),  written  sundry  treatises  for  tlie  beuelit  of  the  Dautation,  and 
in  particular  the  work  so  highly  commended  by  Sir  Edwin  Sandys,  con- 
cornijig  the  Cover am.'iit  of  Virginia,  but  such  was  his  modesty,  tliat  he 
•woidd  by  no  means  sutler  it  to  be  known  during  his  life,  but  now  being  dead, 
he  could  not  with  good  conscience,  deprive  him  of  that  honor." 

On  Dec.  15,  1019,  Sir  Edwin  Sandys  recommended  to  the  Vir- 
ginia Company  the  preparation  of  a  publication  on  Virginia  to  pro- 
mote its  colonization,  and  to  confute  certain  scandalous  reports. 
His  motive  was  approved,  and  Dr.  Thomas  Winston  was  appointed 
with  him  to  see  that  the  work  was  prepared.  The  Company  about 
this  time  published  a  small  quarto  with  the  title 

"  A  note  of  the  Shipping,  Men,  and  Provisions  sent  to  Virginia,  by  the 
Treasurer  and  Company  in  the  year  IGIO.  With  the  Orders  and  Constitu- 
tions partly  collected  out  of  his  Majesty's  Letters  Patent,  and  portly  ordained 
upon  mature  deliberation  by  the  Treasurer,  Council  and  Company  of  Vir- 
ginia, for  the  better  governing  of  the  actions  andatniirs  of  the  said  Company 
here  in  England  residing." 

Not  long  after,  they  published  another  little  book  with  the  same 
account  of  the  ships  sent  in  1G19,  together  with  the  name  of  the 
adventurers  and  the  sums  paid  in.  In  1620,  another  treatise  of  the 
same  import  was  issued,  and  is  republished  in  the  third  volume  of 
Force's  Historical  Tracts.  All  of  these  we  can  now  with  tolerable 
certainty  look  upon  as  the  work  of  George  Ruggle. 

On  July  18th,  1620,  the  Company  were  informed  "that  Mr. 
TVooduU  had  scandalized  the  book  lately  set  out  by  Ma"""^  CounceU  for 
Virginia,  by  a  most  disgraceful  tcarme,  call^mg  itt  a  lybell.  With, 
w'chhee  being  charged,  sought  by  a  rediculous  iuteq^retation  of  that 
worde,  according  to  the  sense  it  bears  in  Latij,*  in  some  sorte  to 
extenuate  and  excuse."  On  the  31st  of  October,  1621,  Deputy 
Ferrar  told  the  Company  of  the  great  pains  that  Mr.  Bormoel  the 
Frenchman,  master  of  the  king's  silkworms  at  Oakland,  had  taken 
in  planning  a  treatise  in  French  concerning  the  ordering  of  silk- 
worms, and  the  making  of  silk,  which  treatise  he  moved  the  Court 
would  please  to  recommend  to  some  to  translate  into  English,  and 
afterwards  print.  I\Ir.  FeiTar  was  appointed  to  see  the  work  exe- 
cuted. The  book  was  pidjlished  in  1622,  a  few  months  before 
Kuggle  died,  and  the  translation  was  probably  made  by  him. 

"While  Kuggle,  the  author  of  a  comedy,  was  at  work  for  Virginia 
in  London,  two  poets  were  holding  office  at  Jamestown ;  George 
Sandys  was  the  treasurer,  while  Christopher  Davison,  the  second 
son  of  Sir  "William,  was  the  secretary  of  the  colony. 

»  DbcUus.    AlitUebook. 
VOL.  xsix.  26  . 


20S  ITotes  on  American  Ilistory.  [Jwlj? 

V. 

IVLvEYLAXD  Colonist's  Legacy  to  Glasgow  UNi\T:nsin-. 

It  is  believed  that  Colonel  David  Brown,  of'co.  Somerset,  ]\Iary- 
land,  is  the  firct  of  Arucvicaii  coh)nistd  to  remember  in  his  -will  a 
British  University.  The  comity  of  Somerset,  at  the  time  of  his  death, 
included  what  was  set  apart  in  1742  and  called  county  of  "Worces- 
ter. By  the  infhicnce  of  Col.  V.'illiam  Stevens,  about  the  year 
1G80,  a  number  of  Scotch  people  l\ad  been  induced  to  immiirrato 
to  the  lower  portion  of  the  peninsula  between  the  Atlantic  Occau 
and  Chesapeake  Bay. 

In  reply  to  my  queries,  the  librarian  of  Glasgow  University  say's 
but  little  light  can  be  thrown  upon  Brown's  personal  history.  It  is 
supposed  that  ho  may  be  the  "  David  Browne  ex  quarta  classe" 
whose  name  appears  in  the  ^Matriculation  Book,  A.D.  1640.  The 
College  received  tliC  first  payment  on  the  legacy  in  July,  1707, 
through  the  Eev.  James  Brown,  then  dean  of  the 'faculty.  In  the 
years  1720  and  1721,  allowance  from  the  BroA\Ti  legacy  was  made 
to  two  students,  on  the  ground  that  their  mother,  the  widow  of  the 
late  Bev.  Thomas  Brown,  minister  of  Paisley,  was  a  near  blood 
relative.  In  1723  one  James  Boss,  after  trials,  was  appointed  to 
enjoy  the  emoluments,  being  a  relative  of  Colonel  Brown. 

The  "  civilized  poor,"  spoken  of  in  the  appended  will,  refers  to 
white  persons,  as  distinguished  from  the  Indians,  the  heathen  poor. 
Most  of  his  servants  were  Scotch  and  indentm-ed  j  "  "Black  Bettie" 
and  mother  were  Africans. 

Ephraim  Wilson,  one  of  the  executors,  has  descendants  stiU  livino- 
in  the  counties  of  Somerset  and  A\'orcester.  In  the  Dictionary  ot' 
Congress  appears  the  name  of  the  Hon.  E.  K.  Wilson,  a  graduate 
of  Princeton  in  1789,  as  member  of  the  hou.--e  from  this  district  from 
1827  to  1831,  and  lately  his  son  Epln-aiia  Iving  Wilson,  of  co. 
Worcester,  has  represented  the  same  distiict. 

VI. 

Robert  Dtx^viDDrE,*  LL.D.,    Goverxoe  of  Vieginta,  A.D. 

1753 — 17.57. 

The  name  of  Robert  Dinwiddie,  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Virginia, 
associated  as  it  is  with  the  early  manhood  of  Washino-ton,  is  remem- 
bered with  interest. 

On  the  evening  of  the  24th  of  February,  1755,  a  dinner  was  o-iven 
at  Williamsburg  in  honor  of  the  arrival  of  Gen.  Edward  Braddock, 
who  had  landed  at  Hampton  four  days  before.  At  tliat  entertainment, 
were  present  Dinwiddie  and  Washington,  and  the  latter  there  mode 
a  deep  impression  on  Braddock.  The  next  day  Washington  volun- 
teered to  accompany  the  expedition  against  the  French  in  the  wilds 


1875.]  Xotes  on  American  History.  299 

of  Pennsylvauia,  iind  persuaded  Dinwlddic  to  order  supplies  to  be 
collected'witli  horses  and  >va.i,n)ns  at  the  foot  of  the  lihie  Kidgc. 

JJinwiddie  entered  upon  his  duties  as  governor  in  ITo.'j,  and  con- 
tinued until  1757.  lie  vas  a  native  of  Glasgow,  and  a  graduate  of 
its  university.  At  a  meeting  of  the  college  authorities  on  Dec.  20, 
1754,  '-'■  it  was  represented  by  some  members  of  the  Faculty,  that  it 
would  be  very  proper  to  confer  the  degree  of  Doctor  in  Laws  ufion 
the  Honourable  Kobert  Dinwiddie,  Esq.,  Governor  of^  Virginia, 
both  as  he  was  an  alumnus  of  this  Universitie,  and  a  native  of  tliis 
City,  and  as  being  a  [lerson  who,  both  by  the  high  office  he  bears, 
does  honor  to  both,  and  may  have  occasion  to  promote  their  interest. 
And  tiie  Faculty  unanimously  agreed  to  confer  the  said  degree  upnu 
lum,  honoris  causa,  and  appoint  a  diploma  to  be  immediately  cxjicd- 
ed  for  that  purpose,  to  be  sent  him  in  a  silver  box,  with  the  arms 
of  the  University  engraved  upon  it."  (Extract  from  Deeds  insti- 
tuting Bnrsasies,  page  237.) 

He  died  in  1770,  and  in  his  will  left  £100  for  the  college  librarv. 
His  wife  survived  him.  His  only  daughter  married  Thomas  Hamil- 
ton, Esq.,  and  died  without  issue. 

From  Mimimenta  Universitatis  Glasgoensie.     P.  45  G  of  Vol.  I. 

The  Testament  of  Mr,  David  Brown,  of  Somerset  County  in  the  Pro- 
vince of  Maryland. 

In  the  nanie  of  God,  Amen :  I  David  Brown,  of  Somersett  Countv  In 
the  Province  of  Marrhxud,  being  sick  and  weak  of  borly,  but  of  perfyte 
memorie  praise  to  the  Omnipotent  therefore,  and  knowing  the  uncertainty 
of  this  present  life,  do  make  ilus  my  hist  will  and  testament  in  manner  and 
forme  following :  Imprimis  I  committ  my  soul  to  Him  that  gave  it  me, 
hoping  through  the  merits  of  my  blessed  Saviom  and  Redeemer  to  have 
fidl  pardon  and  free  remission  of  all  my  sins  ;  my  body  in  convenient  tyme 
to  he  decendy  buried :  and  as  to  such  estate  as  the  Lord  in  mercy  hath  sent 
me,  my  will  and  pleasure  is  it  to  be  disposed  of  as  hereafter  mentioned: 
and  it  is  my  will  and  pleasure  that  all  just  debts  dew  by  me  be  payed  and 
discharged  in  convenient  tyme  after  my  decease.  Item  it  is  my  will  thic 
Master  Thomas  Willsoue  senior  for  his  better  support  have  ten  thousaud 
pounds  of  tobacco  to  be  payed  of  my  best  debts.  Item  I  give  and  bequeath 
unto  the  Colledge  of  Glasgow  as  a  memoriall  and  support  of  any  of  my 
relations  to  be  educated  therein,  to  be  payed  in  cash,  or  secured  by  .;;v>ud 
exchange  to  the  visitours,  or  to  Mr.  James  Browne  and  AViUiam  Caruii- 
chael  for  the  use  aforesaid,  the  full  soume  of  aue  hundred  pound  sterling 
current  money  of  EugUmd,  with  all  convenient  speed  after  my  aecease. 
Item  I  give  and  bequeath  unto  the  said  James  Browne  and  W  iiUam  C'ar- 
michael  live  pound  sterling  current  money  of  England  to  be  conveyed  at 
the  same  tyme  appointed  them  trusties  that  the  aforesaid  money  be  con- 
veniently payed  to  the  College  as  aforesaid.  Item  I  give  and  bequeath  unto 
my  sisters  daughters  Margaret  and  Mary  Arskines  threttie  pound  sterling 
a  piece,  of  like  money.  .  .  Item  I  give  and  bequeath  unto  the  civilized 
poor  of  this  country  six  thousand  pounds  of  tobacco  to  be  disposed  to  such 
as  my  executors  shall  think  honest ;  and  also  that  my  toune  lands  in  this 
comity,  or  what  shall  be  the  product  for  the  same  be  appropriated  for  the  s>ud 


300  JSTotes  on  American  History,  [July, 

poor.  T  give  and  bequeath  unto  Jolin  Browne  all  my  title  and  entcrest  of  a 
tract  of  laud  called  South  iJreathertowne,  to_:;cther  with  a  part  of  a  tract 
called  Thorns  to  his  male  airs  for  ever ;  it  being  in  requitall  of  scv- 
€rall  service3  done  to  rac.  .  .  .  Item  I  give  and  betjueath  unto  Ivebecca 
Stevens  besides  her  wa:;e3  ane  thousand  pounds  of  tobacco,  provyded  she 
prove  honest  and  liithfun.  and  not  purlovu  or  embezzle  any  of  my  goods 
that  shall  be  under  her  hau.ls.  .  .  .  Item  I  give  and  bequeath  unto  old  ^lary 
Goldsmith  five  hundred  pounds  of  tobacco  to  buy  her  cloaths,  and  to  every 
servant  that  lluished  their  tyme  with  me  of  three  or  four  years  by  indeutors 
or  assignments  now  in  this  County  the  soume  of  twenty  shillings  or  the 
value  thereof.  Item  I  gi\e  to  Captain  Nicolas  Eweus  my  second  sword 
and  belt.  Item  it  is  my  will  that  Patrick  McAlaster  be  sett  free  on  the 
first  of  .January  next.  Item  it  is  my  will  that  black  Bettie  be  learned  to 
read  the  Bible,  and  shew  with  the  needle  well,  to  have  good  cloaths,  and 
two  kowes  and  calves  when  set  free,  which  I  desire  to  be  at  the  twenty 
second  year  of  her  age,  she  being  eight  years  of  age  last  Apryle  ;  and  I 
desire  that  her  mother  shall  serve  twelve  years  after  my  decease  and  then 
be  sett  free.  Item  I  give  and  bequeath  unto  Alexander  Brown  and  the 
airs  of  his  body  four  tracts  of  land,  to  witt,  Meado'sv  containing  eight  acres, 
and  Thorntoune  containing  six  hundred  acres  on  which  I  live,  Hacillac  con- 
taining three  hundred  acres  [and]  Je&himon ;  but  that  [if]  the  said  Alex- 
ander Browne  or  the  male  airs  of  his  body  doth  refuse  here  to  inhabit  or  to 
cultivat  the  aforesaid  tracts  of  land  within  the  space  of  two  years  after  my 
decease  then  it  is  my  will  that  Ephraim  Wilsone  one  of  my  executors  doe 
inherit  .  .  .  the  said  -four  tracts  of  land.  .  .  .  Item  it  is  my  wiU  that 
Ephraim  TVillsone,  Thomas  Willsone,  junior,  Margaret  Arskine  and  Mary 
Arskine,  be  the  joined  executors  of  this  my  will  and  testament.  .  .  .  Item 
I  give  and  bequeath  unto  my  sister  ten  pound  sterling.  Item  it  is 
my  will  that  my  fotir  executors  have  and  enjoy  equally  the  rest  of  my 
reall  and  p&rsonall  estate,  to  be  ecpially  divyded  and  possessed  be  them  and 
their  aires  for  ever.  ...  In  witness  whereof  I  have  hereunto  sett  ray  hand 
and  seall,  this  nineteen  day  of  July  annoque  Domini  one  thousand  six 
himdred  nyntie  and  seven. 

D.  Brottx, 
Signum  pro  David  Brown. 

Signed  sealed  and  declared  to  be  the  last  will  and  testament  of  the  foresaid. 

Roger  "Wolford.  James  Wolford, 

Robert  Matheson.  Thomas  Benson. 

James  Pool.  George  Huchsins. 

(The  Index  adds — '  Abbreviated  from  the  authenticated  copy  in  the  Uni- 
versity archives,  which  is  entered  as  No.  473  of  Blackhouse's  Inventory. 
"  Copia  vera  "  is  written  at  the  foot  of  the  deed.') 


JojTEs — VoEDEN-. — [Copied  from  Notarial  Records,  co.  Esses,  by  H.  F.  Waters.] 
Benjamin  Jones,  of  Swansey,  co.  of  Bristol,  and  his  wife  Elizabeth,  daughter  "of  John 
and  Colete  Voeden,  fonuerly  of  y  Lsland  of  Jersey,"  more  late  of  Salem  in  y^  county 
of  Essex,  itc.  C'ive  power  oi"  attorney  to  their  kinsman  Mr.  Richard  Palmer,  ofbulem, 
to  make  coliecuons  in  the  Island  of  Jersey,  lic,  Oct.  22,  1717, 


1875.]  JReconl  of  the  Marcy  Famihj.  301 


KECORD   OF   T\^V.  :\[ATJCY   FAMILY. 

Coii'..  bv  Prof.  OnvEii  Matxt,  I.L.D.,  of  the  Xortliwcsteru  Uaivcrsity,  Evanston,  111. 

rjfe"^llERE  are  two  families  by  tlie  name  of  Marcy  in  the  Uiiiteil  States.  One 
_|_  fi.imi]y  isdesceiided  from  John  Marcy,  of  whom  the  fir>:t  written  notice 
appears  in  Elliot's  Church  Kecord  in  Ivoxuiiry,  Miiss.,  as  foUovr.i :  '•  .John 
Marcy  took  the  Covenant  IMarch  7,  108.3."  Atnoug  his  descendants  are  the 
late  Secretary  of  State,  AVilliam  Earned  iSIarcy,  General  luuidolph  V>.  IMan-v, 
uud  Erastus  E.  Marcy,  JM.J).,  now  well  known  to  our  history  and  literature. 

The  other  family  is  represented  by  the  Hon.  Danit-l  Marcy,  of  Forts- 
month,  New-IIanipsliire,  and  Peter  Marcy  and  descendants,  of  New  Or- 
leans. The  fiither  of  Daniel  and  Peter  ]Marcy  came  to  this  country  about 
eighty  years  a^o  from  the  island  of  Marie  Galante,  W.  I.  His  father  went 
to  that  island  from  France. 

De  Marcy,  or,  simply  I\f(n-cy,  is  now  a  name  quite  common  in  France 
and  its  colonies.  Tiie  name  appears  to  have  come  into  Normandy  with 
Eollo  (A.I).  912),  thence  it  went  to  England  with  "William  the  Conqueror 
(A.D.  IOCS),  and  became  very  common  in  Cheshire,  where  the  orthography 
is  now  universally  Jlassin'  or  ^lassie.  In  this  form  (Massej)  it  is  common 
in  the  English  and  Irish  Peerage. 

In  evidence  that  the  present  French  form  of  the  name  obtained  somewhat 
in  England,  I  find  in  "The  Patents  of  King  John"  (A.D.  1208)  mention 
made  of  one  "  Eadus  de  Marcy." 

We  propose  to  trace  only  the  family  of  John  Marcy,  whom,  we  find  at 
Eoxbury. 

1.  Jorix  MARcr  was  the  son  of  the  high  sheriiT  of  Limerick,  Ireland.* 
He  was  born  about  thc'  year  1GG2  ;  joined  Elliot's  church  in  Roxbury, 
Mass.,  March  7,  lG8-">.  In  April,  ICSG,  he  with  Ijenjamin  Sabin.  Jonathan 
Snithers,  Henry  Bowen,  John  Frizzei,  Mathevv  Davis,  Nathaniel  Gary, 
Thomas  Bacon,  Peter  Aspiuwall,  George  Griggs,  Benjamin  Griggs,  Ebenezer 
Morris  and  John  Lord,  took  possession  of  Quatosett  (Woodstock,  Conn.), 
granted  (1GG3)  iiy  the  colony  of  Massachusetts  t^  the  town  of  lloxbnry. 
He  married  Sarah  lladlock,  daughter  of  James  aid  Sarah  (Draper)  Had- 
lock,  of  Rosbury.  She  was  born  Dec.  IG,  lo70.  They  lived  and  died  in 
Woodstock.  He  died  Dec.  23,  172-1,  aged  02  years.  She  died  May  9, 
1743,  aged  73.     Their  children  vrere: 

i.      Anna,  b.  in  Roxbury,  Oct.  11,  1687 ;  m.  Ebenezer  Grosvenor,  of  Pom- 
fret. 
Joux,  b.  Nov.  17,  16S9;  m.  Colbum. 
James,  b.  Fob.  i?o,  1691  ;  m.  Ainsv,-orth. 
Edward,  b.  June  23,  1695  ;  m.  Haskins. 
JosEi'H,  b.  Sept.  18,  1697  ;m.  Throop. 
Benjamin,  b.  March  II,  1699;  m.  Corbin. 
.MosE.'^,  h,  April  18,  1702;  m.  Morris. 

8.  yiii.  S^uiUEL,  b.  July  28,  1704  ;  m.  Russell. 

is.    Sakah,  b.  Feb.  d,  1707  ;  m.  Johnson,  1728. 

9.  s.     EiiENEZER,  b.  June  (3,  1709;  m.  Martha  Nicholson. 
si.    Elizabetu,  b.  Nov.  8,  1711. 

*  The  anthority  for  this  stateiQent  is  a  memoi-andiim  raa.le  by  tlic  Rev.  Laban  -Aanswonh, 
of  Jaffrey,  N.H.,  about  the  year  17S5.  The  mcnioraiuia  were"  piv^'ii  him  by  bis  mothtr, 
the  (.lauL'hter-iii-l.i-.v  of.Iohii  Many.  The  date  of  his  '.•irth  is  computed  uvm  data  oa  his 
tuaibstune  ho-.t  sten  at  Wuodstoi:ii,  Cor.a. 

VOL.  sxiz.  26"^ 


2, 

ii. 

3. 

iii. 

4. 

iv. 

5. 

V. 

6. 

vi. 

7. 

vii, 

302  Ilccord  of  the  Maraj  Family.  [Julv, 

2.  John'  {Julv}),  was  born  in  Woodstock,  Conn.,  Nov.  17,  1G80.  IIo 
was  marricil  to  Experience*  Colburn,  Jinruarv  14,  1712,  by  the  Kev. 
Josiali  Dwight.  lie  was  the  executor  of  his  fathers  will,  which  is  still  ex- 
tant.    He  wa*?  rt  f;irmor  in  "^\^oo;l.:t:oc]i.     ChU(Jreu: 

10.  i.      Israel,  m,  Abigail  Fuller, 
ii.     Dep.oiu,  m.  H.iriiB. 

iii. m.  ."^ai  Hide  vs. 

iv.    John,  bap.  17-'7  ;  d.  April  11,  ISOI,  at  Windsor,  Vt.,  aged  77. 
V.      S.ARAU,  ban.  July  C3.  170=!. 
vi.    Sarau,  bap.  April  19,  1730. 
Tii.    Grace,  bap.  fob.  4,  1733. 
viii.  James,  bap.  May  12,  1734. 

3.  James'  {Joha^),  was  born  in  Woodstock,  Conn.,  February  20, 
1691.  He  married  Jiidilb  Ainsworth,  daugliter  of  Edward  and  Joanna 
(Hemmingway)  ^inswortb,  who  was  boru  January  25,  1722.  He  died 
January  29,  17Go.     They  had: 

11.  i.  ■    Jaues,  bap.  Feb.  2,  1729  ;  m.  Sarah  Robms. 
ii.     Uriah,  bap.  Afay  9,  1731. 

12.  iii,    Kecbkx,  b.  1730  ;  \n.  Rachel  Watson. 

iv.    Elisha,  bap.  Jan.  2,  1733.  . 

V.      Jcdah,  m.  Lord. 

vi.    Ax.vA,  m.  Underwood. 

vii.  LoviA,  m.  Lyon. 

yiii,  Jerciah,  bap.  1739. 

4.  Edward^  (Jolm^),  was  born  at  Woodstock,  Coim.,  June  28,  1695. 
He  married Haskins.     Children: 

i.  Dolly,  m.  Dresser. 

ii.  Mary,  m.  (1)  Remington,  (2)  Babbitt. 

iii.  Martha,  ni.  Plpnpton. 

iv.  MiBLUi,  m.  Thomas  Xewell. 

V.  Mehitabel,  m.  John  Xewell. 

5.  Joseph^  (Joha^)  ("Capt."),  was  born  in  Woodstock,  September  18, 
1697,  where  he  died  October  18,  179.5,  aged  88  years.  He  married  Mary 
Thi'oop,  sister  of  the  Kev.  Amos  Throop,  pastor  of  the  church  in  Woodstock. 
She  died  February  12,  1790,  aged  85  years.     They  had : 

i.      Joseph,  b.  May  9,  1729  ;  killed  by  Imliaus  in  Vermont,  May  24,  1746. 
.13.  ii.     Stephtin-  ("  Capt."),  b.  Sept.  4,  1730;  d.  Dec.  4,  1776. 

iii.    Esther,  b.  Jan.  2G,  1732  ;  m.  Perrin  ;  d.  May  16,  1807. 
i4.  iv.    Nathaniel,  b.  Fob.  25,  1733  ;  m.  Grosvenor ;  d.  Nov.  29,  1798. 

V.      Keeecka,  b.  Xov.  10,  1735. 

15.  vi.    IcHAEOD,  b.  Dec.  27,  17.37. 

16.  vii.  ILvDLOCK,  b.  Jan.  30.  1739;  d.  1821. 

17.  viii.  Suith,  b.  Oct.  2S,  1712 ;  d.  Awr.  1329. 

is.    Lydia,  b.  Sept.  23,  1744  ;  m.  Dr.  Morse,  of  W.  Woodstock. 

X.     Thomas,  b.  April  9,  1746  ;  d.  July  4,  1769;   killed  by  frightened  horses. 

6.  Benjamin'  (John^),  was  boru  March  11,  1699.  He  married  Mary, 
daiighter  of  James  and  Hannah  (Eastman)  Corbin.     They  had: 

i.      Lois,  m.  Jabesh  Ilendriok,  of  WJlbraham. 

ii.     Han'm.ah,  m.  (1)  I.«ac  Skinner,  (2)  Samuel  Warner. 

18.  iii.    Benjamix,  m.  hn~x  Gilbert. 

iy.  Elizabeth,  m.  Thomas  Tiilany,  of  Ashfurd,  Ct. 

v.  Mary,  b.  1733  ;  m.  Capt.  Wm.  Ainsworth;  d.  Nov.  23,  1815. 

vi.  El'xice,  m.  Do-ige. 

19.  vii.  As.ihel,  m.  P'-i-icilla  Dunham. 

viii.  Dolly,  m.  Samuel  Munger,  of  Brimfield. 

7.  Moses'  (John^),  '•  Col.,"  was  born  April  18,  1702.    In  1723  he 
*  "  E-iperience,  wife  of  John  llarcy,  owned  the  coyenant,  April  6, 1727."— C,^.  ReC' 


"^SIS.^  Eecord  of  the  Marcy  Family.  303 

married  Pnirloncc  l\rorris.  He  moved  to  Sturbndge,  INIass.,  in  1732,  where 
he  hccumu  '•  the  piiricip:..!  mau  in  the  colony."  "<  Ho  was  the  first  justice  of 
the  peace;  the  first  representative  to  the  ^'oneral  court  from  the  town;  was 
inod<;n-:-.tor  at  70  town  iuccthigo.  Dui-ii';-  the  French  war  he  fitted  out 
soldiers  for  the  army  at  his  own  expense,  but  was  afterward  remunerated 
by  the  tow  a.  At  n  mootino;  of  the  church,  held  March  \^,  1752,  to  com- 
promise with  the  "  separatists,"  Moses  Marcy  was  moderator,  and  the  his- 
torian  speaks  of  the  "excellent  s])irit  disj)layed  by  the  excellent  and 
venerable  moderator."  He  died  Oct.  9,  177'J,  '-leaving  an  honoral,le  name, 
a  large  estate,  and  a  numerous  family."  A  hstof  persons  married  by  him- 
self includes  5.')  marriages;  the  list  beginning  in  1755  and  ending  hi  177G, 
a  period  of  21  years.  lu  this  list  we  have  the  following,  pix)bablv  his 
children;  ^ 

"  Mary  Marcv,  m.  Westbrook  Remington,  July  4,  1755." 
"  Maktua  Marcy,  m.  Gershom  Piympton,  March  2,  1758." 
•'  MiRRiAM  Marcv,  m.  Timothy  Newell,  Jan.  17C7." 
"  Daxiel  Marcv,  m.  Hannah  Morris,  March  3,  1703." 
"  Mauitauvl  Marcv,  m.  Jonatlian  Newell,  May  12,  1771." 
"  Martha  Marcv,  m.  Jared  f'recman,  Dec.  2-2,  1774." 

They  had  also : 

20.  i.  JtoEDfAH,  111.  Mary  Ilealy;  d.  iii  Dudley. 
ii.  ^losES,  unui. 

21.  iii.  Er.ijAu,  m.  Stacy. 

22.  iv.  Daniel,  m.  llaanah  Morris. 

8.  Samuel'  (John'},  born  in  Woodstock,  Conn.,  July  28, 1704;  married 
Mary  Russell,  of  Ashford,  February  13,  1724.     They  had  : 

23.  William,  bap.  May  24,  1730. 

24.  Zebediah,  bap.  Aug.  27,  1732 ;  m.  Priscilla  Morris. 
Tabitiia,  ?)ap.  Sept.  19,  1734. 

25.  Samuel  .(?),  b.  Oct.  19,  1739;  m.  Esther  Peak  ;  d.  Feb.  1820. 
Zaviah,  m.  Paul. 

Stbell,  bap.  ^March  24,  1745. 

9.  Ebenezer''  (Jo/iu'),  born  at  Woodstock,  Conn.,  June  6,  1709; 
married  Martha  Nicholson,  July  25,  1738  ;  lived  in  Dover,  Duchess  co., 
A.  Y. ;  died  December  10,  180S.     Farmer.     The  7  had  : 

i.  Mahit.vbel,  in.  ^7ard. 

ii.  Dolly,  m.  Hod.^kis. 

iii.  Jerusha,  m.  Conitt. 

26.  iv.  Griffix. 

V.      JosEpu,  unm. 

27.  vi.    EiiEN'EZER,  m.  Martha  Spencer. 

28.  vii.  Zebi'lon-,  m.  Jerusha  Conet. 
viii.  Sarau,  m.  ^larcy. 

ix.    Ambrose  L.    Lived  in  Greene,  Chenango  co.,  N.  Y. 

X.        13E>JAJfLN'. 

10.  Israel' (./o^«,'/o^,rti),  married  AbigaU  Fuller.     They  had  : 

29.  i.      JoxATHAN,  m.  Hannah  Stone. 
ii.     Bethia,  m.  Levi  Ltley. 

30.  iii.    Israel,  m.  Jerusha  White, 
iv.    Fanny,  unm. 

V.      Experience,  d.  Nov.  23,  1818,  aired  53,  at  W.  Woodstock. 

31.  VI.     AjiRAH-iii,  m.  Ursula  Stone  ;  d.  June  23,  1837,  aged  77. 

*  History  of  Sturbrldsc,  Mass.,  by  the  Rev.  Joseph  S.  Clark. 


504  Hecord  of  the  3Iarci/  Family.  [JuIYj 

11.  Jamf.s'  (James,'  Jolai^),  married  Sarah  Robias,  of  Eastford,  Conn. 
They  hid : 

32.  i.      James.  ii.     Uriah.  iii.    Sarah. 

33.  iv.     F]r,i«HA. 

34.  V.      David.     . 

vii.  Joe. 

12.  Recbkn' (Jr/;«es,- /o/f/i'),  born  1732;  married  Radiel  Watson,  of 
Barriugton,  11.  I.     Fiu'mer  in  Ashford,  Conn.     They  had: 

i.      MATTnr.w.  ii.    Edward. 

35.  iii.    Reuben. 

36.  iv.     Snii.ox  (M.D.),  b.  Aug.  19,  1770;  d.  Dec.  6,  1853,  at  CanajoLarie,  N.Y. 

13.  SiEFUEN*  {Jus'.'ph,'  JoJni^),  "Captain,"  was  born  in  "Woodstock, 
Conn.,  vSeptember  4,  17o0.  lie  married  JMary  Hoivard,  Dec.  21,  1752; 
died  Dec.  4,  177 G.     She  died  December  7,  177'J.     They  had: 

i.      Esther,  b.  Not.  5,  1753  ;  d.  Jan.  31,  1756. 

37.  ii.     Joseph,  b.  Nov.  20,  175S  ;  d.  Oot.  13,  1838. 

38.  iii.    Stephen-  (M.D.).  b.  Jan.  I,  17tiO.    Practised  medicine  in  Plj^mouth, 

Ma.<3.  ;  d.  .^I•aroh  -24,  ISOi. 
iv.     Stlvestek,  lo«t  at  sea. 

V.     TvEiiECCA,  b.  June  13,  17G5;  d.  March  17,  1844. 
vi.    j\lARr,  b.  April  3,  17(38. 

vii.    Han->'ah,  b.  Dec.  10,  1770  ;  d.  Jaa.  26,  1836,  at  Brighton,  Ohio. 
viii.  DorvOTHV,  b.  1772. 

14.  Nathaxiel^  [Joseph,'  Jolui^),  was  born  in  "Woodstock,  Febmary 
25,  1733.  He  married  Hannah  Grosvenor.  He  lived  and  died  in  AVest 
"Woodstock,  Comi.  He  died  November  29,  1798.  She  died  September  15, 
1790,  aged  53  years.     They  Iiad : 

i.  Clarissa,  m.  "^^ilkinson. 

39.  ii.  Alfred,  \^_^-       5  m.  Rebecca  Perin  ;  d.  Jan.  31,  1855. 
iii.  Ltdia,    5  ^*°^'  I  m.  David  Perin ;  d.  April  7,  1848. 
iv.  Prudence,  d.  Jan.  6,  1851,  aged  81;  unm. 

40.  V.  Nathaniel,  m.  Amy  liradway ;  d.  May  12,  1854. 

15.  ICHABOD^  (Joseph,'  John^)  (^-  Captain"),  was  born  in  Woodstock, 

December  27,  1737.  He  married  (1)  Elizabeth  Grosvenor,  daughter  of 
Ebenezer  and  Lucy  (Cheeney)  Grosvenor,  of  Pomfret.  She  was  sister  of 
Gen.iral  Lemuel  Grosvenor,  who  was  with  General  Putnam  at  the  battle 
of  Bunker-Hill,  and  afterward  married  his  daughter.  Elizabeth  Grosvenor 
was  born  June  19,  1740,  died  December  2S,  1792.  She  was  the  mother  of 
nine  chiMren.  He  married  (2)  Miss  Williams,  of  Brooklyn,  Conn.  No 
children.     He  died  September  12,  1803,  aged  GG.     They  had : 

i.  LucT.  b.  July         ;  m.  Drake,  Wilksbarre,  Pa. 

ii.  Elizabeth,  m.  (1)  Marcy;  (2)  Drake. 

iii.  Chloe,  b.  Oct.  3,  176!) ;  m.  Nuah  Porrin,  of  Pomfret. 

41.  iv.  Grosvenor,  b.  Oct.  10.  1771 ;  lu.  Eartholemew. 

V.     Ecen-ezer,  b.  Oct.  3.  1771 ;  J.  at  Duver,  N.  Y.,  umn. 
vi.     Mary,  b.  Aug.  17,  1776;  m.  Julm  Mowry. 

42.  vii.   Thouas,  b.  Aug.  27,  1778  ;  m.  Anna  ilenry. 

43.  viii.  IcHABOD,  b.  Julj',  1780  ;  m.  Watruus. 
is.   Joseph,  d.  young. 

16.  Hadlock'  (Joseph'  Jolin^),  was  bom  in  Woodstock,  Jan.  SO,  173!). 
He  graduated  at  Yale  College  1861,  ranking  eighth  in  a  class  of  29. 
Studied  law-.  He  married  ^Uthea,  daughter  of  the  liev.  Abel  Stiles  (1762). 
He  died  at  Hartlaud,  Vt.,  December  29, 1821.     She  died  January  26, 1784, 


1875.]  Record  of  the  Marcy  Family.  305 

aged  39.     He  wns  a  man  of  talent  and  learnincr,  hut  eccentric.    He  frequently 
preached  as  well  as  practised  at  the  har.     Hu  was  extensively  known  in 
Connecticut,  New-IIampshIre  and  Vermont.     They  had: 
i.      Sopuu,  b.  Dee.  2,  1764  ;  ra.  Major  Fox. 

17.  Smitu^'  {Joseph^  John'),  was  bora  October  28,  17  12.  lie  married 
Patience  La^\  ton,  who  \*'as  horn  February  1.^1,  174-1-.  lie  lived  in  Otis, 
Mass.,  where  he  died  August  1,  1829.  She  died  in  Freedom,  Ohio,  1641, 
aged  97.     They  had: 

44.  i.      IIowLAN'D.  b.  April  II,  1707. 

45.  ii.     LAwro.v,  b.  S*'pt.  "27,  176S. 

46.  ill.    Thomas,  b.  Feb.  19,  1770. 

iv.   .Bradford  (Kcv.),  b.  3Iarch  9,  1772. 

V.     Michael  B.,  b.  Aus,'.  8,  1775. 

vi.     Patia,  b.  July  8,  1777  ;  m.  Steven  Babcock. 

vii.   Maky  T.,  b.  Sept.  17,  1779  ;  m.  Lyon. 

is.    Sarah,  b.  April  25,  1785  ;  m.  Steadman. 

18.  Bexjamin'  {Benjamiri^  John^),  married  Loisa  Gilbert,  of  Mans- 
field.    She  was  21  years  of  age  and  he  52.     They  had: 

47.  i.      Calvin,  m.  Abigail  Vinton,  June  28,  1804. 
ii.     Olive.  iii.     Clara. 

iv.    Alfhets,  )  i^-  ^ 
V.      Lehels,    r'"''''- 

19.  Asahel'  [JJeujamin^'  Johi^),  was  born  March  25,  1738.  He 
married  Priscilla  Dunham,  of  Woodstock.  He  died  March  2,  1819,  aged 
81.     She  died  March,  1829,  aged  89.     They  had : 

48.  i.      Bexjamix,  m.  llnrnab  Starks. 

49.  ii.     AsAE.rL,  b.  Oet.  1778;  m.  Persia  Burley. 

50.  iii.    Laban,  b.  March  7,  1780;  m.  Fanny  Howe. 

iv.    Elizabeth,  b.  ^lay  16,  1766  ;  m.  Elam  Piussell. 

20.  Jeoediar'  (Moses,^  Juhn^),  married  Mary  Healy,  of  Dudley,  Mass. 
They  lived  and  died  in  Dudley.     They  had: 

i.  Joseph,  b.  Oct.  21,  1749;  d.  Oct.  25,  1779. 

ii,  Jedediah,  b.  July  2.3,  1751  ;  d.  Jan.  20,  1756. 

51.  iii.  Jedediah,  b.  July  26,  1756  ;  m.  Ruth  Larned. 
iv.  Mary,  b.  Jan.  19,  1760. 

V.     RnoDA,  b.  May  4,  1762  ;  m.  Healy. 

52.  vi.    Daxiel,  b.  April  27,  1765;  m.  Betsey  Larned. 

21.  Elijah'  {Moses,^  John^),  married  Stacy.     They  had : 

?.  Prudexce,  unm. 

ii.  Sar.iH,  ui.  RusooU  Smith,  Sturbridge. 

63.  iii.  Elijah,  m.  Mary  Hubbs  ;  d.  aged  42. 

iv.  LEifUEL,  m.  Nancy  Carpenter. 

22.  Daxiel'  (Moses'  John^),  was  married  by  his  father  (a  justice  of  the 
peace)  to  Hannah  Morris,  of  Dudley,  March  3,  1763.     They  had  : 

5-1.  i.  Morris,  m.  Sally  Morse. 

,       55.  ii;  Marvix,  m.  Richards,  of  Boston. 

iii.  Daxiel,  lost  at  sea. 

iv.  Mahitabel,  m.  Dr.  Charles  Negus,  Dudley,  Mass. 

V.  Dorothea. 

vi.  Abigail,  m.  Jacob  Mason,  Craftsbury,  Vt. 

vii.  Betsey. 

23.  William'  {SamneT,^  Jo1in>).  was  born  iti  W6odstock.  He  was  mar- 
ried (1)  to  Lucy  Bugbee,of  StaUbrd  (1758).     Moved  to  Belchertown,  Mass., 


306  Record  of  the  Marcy  Family,  [July, 

1776.  Was  drafted  into  the  army,  but  liis  sou  Gardner  went  in  his  ?toad. 
Moved  to  Hartlaiul,  Vt.,  1778.  Wife  Lmy  died  1702.  IMarriod  (2)  Ilos- 
anna  Tucker,  17U3.     Died  Aju-il,  ISIJ,  a<ie(l  yi.     Tliey  had  (1  m.) : 

56.  i.  Chester,  b.  1760. 

67.  ii.  Gardner,  b.  June  12,  1702  ;  m.  Elizabeth  TJanforth. 

58.  iii.  WiLLARD,  b.  ()<t.  3,  17C1. 
Jv.  Olivk,  m.  Willard. 

59.  V.  WixTUROP,  b.  June  17,  17G9  ;  m.  Abigail  Sargeant. 
vi.  Salome,  in.  Ebono/fv  Pike. 

60.  vii.   Levi,  b.  fc^opt.  3,  1771 ;  m.  Kuth  Sarirf-ant ;  d.  183S. 
-     viii.  (2  m.)  Pollv,  b.  Nov.  21,  17i)7  ;  ni.  Perkins. 

is.    Saxlt,  b.  Oct.  22,  1790  ;  m.  Daniel  Gilbert. 

24.  Zeeediah'  {Samuel,^  John^),  was  baptized  Aug.  27,  1732.  He 
was  married  to  Priscilla  Morris,  of  Woodstock.  Moved  to  Stafford  1770, 
thence  to  AYillin^tou  17.S2.  He  was  a  farmer,  and  died  in  "Willin^ton  in 
1806.     They  had: 

i.  Molly,  d.  1776,  ai^ofl  19  (at  Woodstock). 

ii.  PRisctLLA,  m.  JedcJiah  Cunvcrse,  Woodstock. 

61.  iii.  Zebedl^h,  b.  17G0  ;  d.  1851. 
iv.  Aden',  d.  young. 

V.      Laura,  m.  Danton,  of  Willington. 
vi.    Havnaii,  21.  Daniel  Dimniock. 
vii.  Dorcas,  m.  Joseph  Lamb,  of  Vermont. 
•  .       viii.  i^Iartfa,  m.  Thoma.^  Knowlton,  Ashford. 
ix.    Thomas,  d.  aged  2  years. 

s.     Aden",  d.  in  the  prison  ship  in  New-York  harbor. 
sd.    Polly,  m.  James  Curtis,  Marcellus,  N.  Y. 

25.  Sajiuel^  (Samuel,'  Johi^),  born  in  Woodstock,  Conn.,  Oct.  19, 
1739  ;  married  Estlier  Pea'c ;  lived  in  Woodstock,  Vt. ;  died  at  Windsor, 
Vt.,  Feb.  1820,  aged  80.     They  had : 

i.      Esther,  b.  Au^.  2S,  1763;  m.  Isaac  Packer. 

62.  ii.     Alva-v,  m.  PulTy  Dunce. 

iii.    PR05rER,  m.  Jane  Dutton ;  d.  Jlav  15,  1855,  aged  82. 

63.  iv.    Orz-v,  b.  April,  1774;  m.  (1)  Pully  AVork,  (2)  Lucy  Work. 
Y.      Avis,  m.  Prouty. 

vi.    John  S.,  d.  in  Georgia. 

vii,  DoKCis,  m.  (1)  Proctor,  (2)  Seymour  Burnham. 

viii.  Samuel,  m.  lluth  Hatch  ;  d.  Dec.  10,  1843. 

is.    Lois,  m.  David  Brown. 

X.      SiEvEN,  b.  Oct.  13,  17S5  ;  d.  at  Wethersfieid,  Vt.,  July  21,  1806. 

xi.    Keeecca,  m.  Otis  Prim. 

26.  Grcffin'  (Ehenezer,^  John^),  was  born  in  Dover,  Duchess  county, 
^ .  Y.,  where  he  lived  and  died.  He  married  Temperance  Kelsey.  They 
bad: 

i.  MosES,  m.  Susan  Cutler  ;  d.  May,  1809. 

ii.  GRirruN'.  vii.    Anna. 

iii.  Bexjamen*.  viii.  Dorothea. 

iv.  Sarah.  is.    Abry. 

v.  Mahitabel.  s.     Ruth. 

vi.  Rachel.  xi.    Sofhia. 

27.  Ebenezer'  [Eher.ezer,^  John^),  was  born  at  Dover,  Duchess  county, 
N.  Y.,  17-41.  He  married  ^lartha  Spencer,  daughter  of  Jonathan  and  Con- 
tent Spencer,  of  Saybroook,  Conn.,  afterward  of  Fishkill,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  11, 
1768.  He  was  proprietor  and  mill  owner  in  Wyomiug  Valley,  Pa.;  was 
at  the  fort  on  the  east  side  of  the  river  when  the  massacre  occurred  on  the 


1875.]  Record  of  the  2Iarcy  Famihj.  307 

west  side.  The  boats  being  removed  be  was  unable  to  be  present  at  the 
fight.     (See  Peck's  History  of  "Wyoming.)     They  hud: 

i.  JoN'ATnAV,  b.  Jlay  22,  1770  ;  m.  Elizabeth  Marcy. 

ii.  Er,i7.AiiETU,  b.  Dec.  7,  1771. 

iii.  Mahtua,  b.  Jan.  23,  177 1 ;  d.  July  20,  1818. 

iv.  CoNTt.NT,  b.  April  8,  177f). 

V.  TiiANKiTL,  b.  on  Pocono  Mt.  during  the  flight  from  the  massacre. 

6*.  vi.  EiiESE^E-.:,  b.  Feb.  10,  17S0. 

65.  vii.  Jakfp,  b.  June  6,  1782  ;  d.  Dec.  18,  1816. 

66.  viii.  JosEi'H,  b.  Eeb.  I'J,  1787. 

28.  Zebulon'   {Ebenezer^  John^),  was  born  in  Dover,  Duchess  co., 

K.  Y.,  May  28,  174-1 ;  died  in  the  Wyoming  Valley.  Penn.,  Sept.  21,  182G. 
He  married  Jerusha  Conet,  who  was  born  March  14,  1743,  and  died 
March  21),  Id  19.  lie  was  a  proprietor  in  the  "Wyoming  Valley.  They 
had; 

i.  ZcBi-LON-,  b.  Oct.  0,  1767  ;  d.  Jan.  19,  1770. 

ii.  John,  b.  June  9,  17G9  ;  d.  May  5,  1840. 

iii.  LvBiA,  b.  Jan.  3,  1772  ;  d.  June  18,  1817. 

67.  iv.  NicuoLSoN,  I).  Nov.  3,  1773  ;  d.  Jan.  30,  1827. 

T.  Sarah,  b.  Aug.  9,  1776  ;  d.  on  Pocono  Mt.  in  the  flight  from  the  mas- 
sacre, July  20,  1778. 

vi.     Sv:'.'>-,  b.  June  21,  1773  ;  d.  Oct.  14,  1S51. 

vii.  Zedclon',  b.  July  10,  1780;  d.  Nov.  9,  1834.  Surveyor.  Lived  at  Scran- 
ton,  Pt  nn. 

viii.  Alkl,  b.  April  24,  1782  ;  m.  Eunice  Spencer. 

is.    Jerusha,  b.  Nov.  8,  1783. 

29.  JoxATHAN"'  (Israel,"  John,''  John^),  married  Hannah  Stone.     They 
had  : 

i.  JoNATnA>-,  m.  Polly  Harrington. 

ii.  Polly,  m.  La  Inn  Harrington. 

iii.  Hanxah,  m.  Adams. 

iv.  RnouA,  m.  El;iuh  Bugbee. 

T.  AzcBA,  m.  Simeon  Harrington. 

-  vi.  Welthy,  unm. 

vii.  Ltdu,  m.  Lloyd  Burt. 

oC;     Israel*  (TsraelJ'  Juhn^  John^),  married  t'erusha  "White.     Died  at 
Deerfield,  Mass.  (tombstone  inscription),  Nov.  9,  l62o,  aged  64.    They  had : 

i.  Jerusha,  m.  Wm.  Horirlon,  of  Sturbridge. 

ii.  Nalby,  m.  Spe-ar,  of  Deerfield. 

iii.  Alice,  unm.,  d.  Aug.  27,  1842,  aged  53,  at  Deerfield. 

iv.  Sally.  v.    Fannt. 

31.  Abraham*  {Israel^  John-  John^),  married  Ursula  Stone.     He  died 
June  23,  1827,  aged  77.     She  died  April  26,  1350,  aged  90.     They  had: 

i.      Isaac,  unm.    Lived  in  Woodstock,  Ct. 

ii.     JouN-  A.,  in.  Sabra  Ilayward  ;  d.  Oct.  13,  1864.  aged  79. 

iii.    Joshua,  b.  Nov.  10,  1787;  m.  Patty  Smith  ;  d.  Sept.  2,  1848.    Lived  at 

Hillsboro'  Eridge,  N.  IL 
iv.     Prudence,  m.  Ebenezer  Hamblin,  Coventrj',  Ct. 
V.      Charles,  unm. 

vi.    Abraham,  ra.  Sally  Wilhur,  Burlington  Falls,  N.  Y. 
vii.   Chester,  m.  Danioras  Clark,  W,  'Woodstock,  Ct. 
viii.  Leonard,  m.  Sally  Lillie. 

32.  James''  (James,'  James,^  John^),  was  bom  Sept.  1,  1772.    Married 


308  liecord  of  the  Marcy  Fcunihj.  [July, 

(1)  Polly  Shaw,  179S;  (2)  Sally  Flint,  ISOO.     He  died  Feb.  22,  1845, 
aged  72.     They  had  : 

i.  James,  b.  Aup:.  21,  1800;  ra.  Rctsey  Lvon. 

\i.  PuLLv,  b.  yciit.  I.>,  1S04  ;  m.  Emstus  Flt-tcber. 

iii.  LuUi-.N,  b.  1\K>\.  J,  160 J  ;  m.  Kli/a  Adaniri. 

iv.  Sally,  b.  April  22,  1800  ;  d.  Sept.  11,  1809. 

33.  Elisha*  (JaiHPS,^  James,-  Jvhn'),  was  bom  Jan.  24,  1784.  lie 
married  Lucy  Chandler.     They  had : 

i.  Samantha,  b.  May  15,  1S09 ;  d.  Dec.  25.  1B23. 

ii.  Emily,  b.  Oct.  8,"l8l0;  m.  Chiirle8  Church. 

iii,  Di.vNTHA,  b.  July  19,  181-.> ;  d.  Aui,'.  16,  1S12. 

iv.  Lucy,  b.  May  l,''l>n  ;  m.  Leonard  B.  Wrii^ht. 

T.  Elisha  W.,  b.  May  13,  1816  :  m.  Mary  Priuce. 

vi.  Alkert,  b.  May  16,  is-JO  ;  in.  I^Iarv  llait. 

Til.  Sar^vh,  b.  July  2,  1822  ;  d.  March  2,  1824. 

34.  David'*  (James,'  Jcwtcs,^  John^),  married  Sybell  Perrin.  They 
had: 

i.  "MkRY  Ann,  b.  Feb.  7,  1813  ;  m.  £li?ha  Kinney. 

ii.  Uriah  P.,  b.  Nov.  25,  1811 ;  m.  Ann  Fisk. 

iii.  Melussa  B.,  b.  May  24,  ISlS  ;  m.  Horace  Kinney. 

iv.  Job. 

35.  Reuben*  (James,"  James,^  Jokn^),  was  born  in  1768.  He  married 
Hannah  Sumiier,  of  Roxbury,  Mass.  She  was  born  in  1770,  and  died  in 
Berlin,  Ct..  in  lS4o.  His  life  was  spent  as  a  farmer  in  "Wiilingtou,  Ct., 
where  he  died  in  1824.     They  had: 

i.      Edward,  d.  in  Will  co.,  111. 

ii.     SA3irEL  ScMN^R  (^LD.).     Living  in  Cape  May  co.,  N.  J. 
iii.    Matthew,  judi^e  in  Cape  May  co.,  N.  J. 
iv.    AYii.Li.vii  W.,  b.  Nov.,  1805  ;  m.  Martha  Knowlton. 
There  were  sisters. 

36.  Si3iE0N*  (Jieuben,"  James^  Johi^),  was  bora  August  19,  1770. 
Graduated  at  Brown  University.  He  married  (1)  Hannah  Betts;  (2)  Sarah 
Otis.  He  was  a  doctor  of  medicine,  and  practised  at  Canajoharie,  N.  Y., 
where  he  died  Dec.  6,  1853.     They  had: 

.     i.  Ja:>t:  A.,  b.  March  8,  1808  ;  m.  Jarvis  N.  Lake. 

ii.  Maria  L.,  b.  April  15,  1814  ;  m.  G.  H.  Plainer,  Rockford,  111. 

iii.  Sarah  0.,  b.  A[)ril  3.  1825  ;  d.  Feb.  14,  1862. 

iv.  George  K.,  b.  July  24,  ISOl  ;  d.  ISTO. 

37.  Joseph*  (Stephen,"  Joseph,''  JoJm^),  was  born  Nov.  22,  1758; 
married  (1778)  Mary  Cole,  of  Middleboro',  Mass. ;  died  Oct.  13, 1838.  She 
died  Aug.  0,  1854.     They  had  : 

1.  Sylvester  (M.D.),  b.  Aug.  9.  1799 :  d.  1840.  unm. 

ii.  Joseph,  b.  Sept.  4,  ISOO.     Living  (1872)  at  Hartland,  Vt. 

iii.  Mary,  b.  Jun-.-  8,  1802  ;  m.  Job  llichmond. 

iv.  Eleanor,  d.  young. 

V.  Eliza  Throop,  b.  Jan.  20,  1805  ;  m.  LowLs  Merritt. 

38.  Stephe>-*  (Shphen,^  Joseph,^  John^)  (M.D.j,  b.  Jan.  1,  1760; 
married  Lucy  Jackson  (1783).  She  died  Jan.  13,  1844.  He  practised 
medicine  at  Plymouth,  l^Iass. ;  tlied  March  24,  1804.     They  had  : 

i.      Hannah,  b.  Sept.  9,  1784 ;  m.  Joseph  San^rer,  of  Brid^-ewater. 

ii.     Stephen  (M.D.),  b.  Marcli  11.  17^0  ;  d.  loTO. 

iii.    Charles  ("  Capt.''),  b.  May  13,  1767  ;  m.  Abby  Jackson.   - 


1875.]  Itecord  of  the  Marcy  Family.  309 

iv.  Joseph,  b.  Jan.  8,  17S0  ;  d.  1790. 

V,  Ju?K!'ii,  b.  April  .5,  IT'.) I  ;  m.  Charlotte  Eaton. 

vl.  >\'iL[.i\M,  h.  July  -J.s,  17'J2  ;  d.  at  eea. 

vii.  I.i  cv,  b.  May  S»,  1701. 

viii.  Edwakd,  b.  April  'J.  1700. 

ix.  Marv,  b.  Sept.  10,  170S  ;  d.  Aug.  IR,  1801. 

X.  TJ10M.VS  J.,  b.  April  U,  1600;  d.  1801. 

xi.  iMAKV  T.,  b.  Jan.  5,  1803  ;  m.  llurace  JJ.  Rolfe. 

39.  Aliucd''   (yathaniel,'   Joseph,^   John^),   married   Rebecca  Ferrin. 
Farmer  in  Woodstock,  Ct. ;  tlied  Juu,  31,  1855,  a^ed  01.     They  had  : 

i.  Jamk^  Lorenzo,  M.D..in.  Frances  Browninrr  (1817).  I'liy^icinn  at  .S. 
Woodstock.  Member  of  Legislature,  183.5.  Son,  Lorenzo  J.,  opti- 
cian, Pliihdelphia. 

ii.     II \N.\AU  (.1.,  HI.  Benjamin  Alpine;  d.  in  Ohio. 

iii.    Sandiokd,  b.  March  1,  1804: ;  m.  Lydia  A.  Chandler. 

iv.    Esther,  d.  Au^:;;.  14,  1814,  aged  19. 

40.  NATnANiEL"*    (Xatlianid'   Joseph,'    John}),   born    1775 ;    married 
Amy  Brad  way;  died  May  12,  1854.     They  had: 

i.      ORKr.v,  b.  May  26,  1799  ;  m.  Ann  J.  Fisher,  Pomfret. 

ii.     Glrdo.v,  b.  Oct.,  lSO-2  ;  u\.  Fidelia  Parsons;  d.  1850. 

iii.    JcsTiN,  b.  July  18,  1804  ;  m.  Hannnh  Puwell ;  d.  in  Canada. 

iv.    Edwi.v,  m.   (0   Belding;    (2)  Adeline   V^'etherell ;  d.  Dec.  24,  16G7, 

aged  65. 
V.      Ai.fKK.D,  >  m.  B  trbara  Albee. 
tI.     Alvin,    5  cvviu.;.  b.  ilay,  1807  ;  d.  1832. 
vii.   NANCr  Ann,  b.  uct.  12,  1S09.     Killed  by  lorr,  1835. 
viii.  CiiARLES  Gros\-en-or,  b.  Nov.  12,  1815;  m.  Hough. 

.  41.  Geosvf.xou^  {Ichahod,^  Joseph,^  John^),  born  October  10,  1771  ; 
married  Lucy  Bartholomew;  died  in  Thompson,  Ct.,  April  23,  1867. 
They  had : 

i.  EBE.VE2ER,  b.  Sept.  7,  1798;  m.  Damoris  xiplin. 

ii.  LccRETiA,  b.  April  15,  1800;  d.  18G7. 

iii.  Rklecta,  b.  Xuv.  18()3  ;  d.  1871. 

iv.  Abial,  b.  Nov.  15,  18()5  ;  d.  younf. 

V.  Polly,  b.  Aug-.  14.  18()7. 

vi.  Mary,  b.  Dec.  17,  1800  ;  m.  Beniamin  Town. 

vii.  Noah  P.,  b.  June  11,  1814  ;  m.  Eddy. 

42.  Tno^iXi*  {I,jhahod,Wo$cph,''  Johu^),  horn  in  "Woodstock,  Ct.,  Auir- 
27,  1778 ;  married  Anna,  daughter  of  Andrew  and  Thankful  (Xorris") 
Henry,  of  Leyden.  Mass.,  by  the  Rev.  Asa  Hilibard,  Sept.  2,  180G,  She 
was  born  Sept.  2,  1788,  and  died  in  Leyden,  Aug.  6,  1865.  Pie  died  in 
Coleraine,  Mu.=s.,  July  26,  1828.     They  had: 

i.      Andrew  Henry,  b.  ^lay  1,  1807  ;  m.  Lovilla  Peck. 

ii.     Grosvenok.  b.  Aug.  12,  1809;   m.  (1)  Eliza  A.  Hastings;  (2)  Mrs. 

Abigad  (Liswell)  Goudy  ;  d. 
.iii.    IcHABOD  (K.'V.),  b.  July  16,  1811;  m.  Sarah  Gill;  graduated  at  "W'es. 

Lniv.,  Midiletuwn,  Ct.,  1839.     Clergyman  in  the  M.  E.  Church. 
iv.    Thomas  (Rev.),  b.  Aug.  24,  1813  ;  m.  Lucy  Flagg.     Clergyman  in  the 

M.E.  Church.         =       '  '  J        a=  =J 

V.      Mary  Ann,  b.  April  29,  1815  ;  m.  Rev.  Asa  Niles,  son  of  WUliam  H., 

Prof,  in  Mass.  In.-.t.  Technology,  Boston. 
vi.    Joseph,  b.  Oct.  7,  1818;  d.  young. 
vii.   Oliver,  b.  Feb.  13,  l.vJO  ;  m.  Elizabeth  E.  Smith  ;  graduated  at  Middle- 

tmvn,  Ct.,  1846;  LL.D.  Univer.  Chicago,  1S73  ;  Prof.  Northwestern 

University,  Evanston,  111. 
viii.  Elvira,  )  m.  Geo.  Childs. 

Ls.    Almira,  5  twins,  b.  Jan.  7,  1822  ;  m.  Calvin  ^eck  ;  d.  May  2,  1860. 
VOL.  xxix.  27 


310  Hecord  of  the  Marcy  Family.  [July, 

X.     Nan-ct  jMariah,  b.  Soi)t.  13,  I8i25;  ni.  Dr.  A.  S.  Fhgg. 
si.    Fannv  E.,  b.  Aug.  I'j,  18J7 ;  m.  E.  C.  Cross,  M.D. 

43.  IcHAnoD^  [Tc/ialiod,'^  Joscpli*  John^),  was  boru  July  5,  1780.  He 
married  Betsey  Wuterbon :;o,  of  Leyileu,  Mass.,  where  he  lived  most  of  his 
life;  d.  July  20,  18G0.     They  had  : 

i.      Er.rzAiiKTn.  b.  July  29,  iSlfi  ;  m.  Bro%vn. 

ii.     "William  U.,  b.  Ainil  ti,  1-^18  ;  lu.  Laura,  Suinnpr  ;  lives  in  Minnesota. 

iii.    Gkokge  \V.,  b.  M:iy  13,  1621 ;  unm. ;  d.  Jan.  29,  ldl9. 

4-1.  llo^yL\y;v^^  (Sniiy/i,''  Joso/i/i*  Joh}i^),  was  l)orn  in  "Woodstock,  Ct., 
April  11,  17G7;  married  (1)  Jemima  Phelps ;  (2)  Esther  Southward, 
They  had  (1  m.): 

i.  Hadloce.  vi.    EMiLr(-3m.). 

ii.  Betsev.  vii.   Aretuvsa. 

iii.  Hececca.  viii.  Josepu. 

iv.  Nathaniel.  •  ix.    Nathan. 

V.  Jemima. 

45.     JjXWtoh*  (St.'ti'f/i,'  Juscp//,^  John^),  born  Sept.  27,  17CS;  married 
;  died  at  Tyringhani,  INlass.,  18-iG.     They  lud : 


■    i.  PATiAL.,b.  &pt.  27,  17'JO. 

ii.  Mary  f .,  b.  April  Id,  17'..i.S. 

iii.  Alice  T.,  b.  Feb.  20,  I^OO. 

iv.  John  F.,  h.  Jltirch  !),  1S()2. 

V.  Clarissa,  b.  April  (>,  1HU4. 

vi.  Lltuek,  b.  June  21,  l^oG. 

vii.  Celinda.  b.  Sept.  13,  iHiiO. 

viii.  Bradford  R.,  b.  Nov.  20,  1810. 

'  ix.  Calvin  L.,  b.  June  31,  ldl3  ;  unm. 

s.  Sally,  b.  Oct.  27,  lol5. 

46.  Thomas*  (Smillij'  Joseph'  John*),  was  born  in  Woodstock,  Ct., 
Feb,  10,  1770.  Moved  with  his  father  to  Otis,  Mass.,  where  he  lived  till 
1823,  whe;i  he  ^^eut  to  Freedom  (Western  Reserve),  Ohio.  He  travelled 
with  his  own  team  3-4  times  (17  round  trips)  between  the  two  places,  a  dis- 
tance of  GOO  miles,  or  in  all  10,000  miles,  most  of  the  way  througli  an  un- 
settled wilderness,  for  the  pur[)ose  of  transporting  his  neighbors  and  friends 
to  the  Western  Reserve.  lie  difjd  in  Freedom,  Jan.  12,  18G0,  r^^^ed  00 
years.  He  married  Elizabeth  M.  Lawton,  who  died  in  Freedom,  1342. 
They  had : 

i.  Smith,  b.  Aug.  1,  17D5  ;  m.  Fanny  Gibbs ;  d.  Aug.  10,  1316. 

ii.  Elijah  Lyon,  b.  Feb.  1,  I7'J8. 

iii.  N.1-NCY  Aljiira,  b.  Oct.  21,  1^02  ;  m.  Isaac  J.  Norton. 

iv.  Sally,  b.  Oct.  1,  lbu7  ;  m.  Jolin  Johnson. 

V.  Eliza  Ann,  b.  Nt.v.  1.5,  InKj  ;  m. Scott,  Windham,  Ohio. 

vi.  Thomas  Melvin,  b.  Oct.  3m,  IS  17  ;  m.  Almira  Percy. 

47.  Calves*  {B>:njamiii,^  Buijamin,^  Joha^),  married  Abigail  Vinton. 
They  had : 

i.  David,  m.  Rhotla  James. 

ii.  Calvin,  b.  ilarch  30,  Ib08  ;  m.  Elvira  Clark ;  d.  April  26,  1868. 

iii.  Mekrick.  v.     Freeman. 

iv.  Plympton.  vi.    Mary  Ann. 

48.  Ben'JAIiin"  {Asa/icl,^  lAvjamin,''  John'-),  married  Hannah  Starks, 
of  Springfield.     They  had : 

i.      CiLirNCY.  b.  IMarcIi  2  (?)  ;  m.  Joanna  Atkins ;   d.  at  Truro. 

ii.     Lat.an,  b.  Ai-ril,  l"*«-2  ;  iiDrn. ;  .1.  1827,  at  Greenwich. 

iii.   Andr£W  a.,  b.  :?ept.  IJ,  ls<J4  ;  m.  flsmeutinc  Town,  Dudley. 


1875.]  Hecord  oj  the  Marcy  Famihj.  311 

iv.  Galk\,  h.  April  12,  1S07  ;  lives  in  Mornana,  111. 
V.  M^riiKTTA,  b.  Juiic  II,  I'jlO;  Ui.  Austin  Titmi-y. 
vi.    JouN  JuDSON,  b.  June  2,  1815  ;  m.  Amy  Tucker. 

49.  AsAHia/  {Asahel,''  Benjamin,'  Joint'),  m-.,s  born  Oct.  1,  1778; 
married  Persis  iiiirley, '1  line  28,  1800.     They  had: 

i.  Mary  Ef.iza,  b.  March  9,  1801 ;  m.  Turner  Scara. 

ii.  KiNALuo  B.,  b.  Jan.  11,  lS(t3  ;  m.  Chamberlin. 

iii.  Caroline  P.,  1).  Deo.  20,  1809;  ni.  Willard  iJaoiboe,  of  Aebford. 

iv.  Ransom  D.,  b.  May  10,  ISII  ;  m.  ;  livc^  in  lirownsville,  Pa. 

V.  CAM.-;Tts  A.,  b.  Sept.  30,  1319  ;  d.  at  BrovrnsviUc,  Pa. 

vi.  Licius  L.,  b.  Sept.  30,  1831  ;  m.  Diana  Chapmaa. 

50.  Jjxnx^*  (Asnhcl,^  Be >fja))ii/i,^  John^),  v;i\s  born  jNIarch  7,  1780,  iu 
"Wooilstock,  Ct.  lie  was  educated  at  Woodstock  Academy ;  studied  law 
with  Judge  Barnes,  of  Tolland,  and  with  the  Hon.  Ed.  Dickinson,  of  Am- 
herst, Mass.;  lived  and  practised  his  profession  in  Greenwich,  Hampshire 
CO.,  Mass.,  for  oO  years  ;  was  20  times  elected  a  member  of  the  Legislature 
of  Massachusetts ;  was  a  member  of  the  constitutional  conventions  iu  both 
1820  and  1853.  He  married  Fanny  Howe,  of  Sturlrndge,  a  woman  of  line 
personal  appearance  and  of  vigorous  intellect.  He  died  October  11,  IS  CO. 
They  had : 

i,  r.AXDOLri:  Daf.nlj  (Inspector  Gen.  in  U.  S.  A.),  b.  April  9,  1S13  ; 
graduated  rt  AVest  Point,  1832;  stationed  at  Green  Bay;  in  the 
battles  of  Palo  Alto  and  Resaca  de  la  Palma,  '^h.y  8-9,  lS-16.  In  1857 
served  a^^inst  the  Seminolcs  ;  Utah  esped.,  1857-8  ;  paymaster,  1859; 
inspector  gen.,  1861 ;  brig,  gen.,  Sept.  23,  ISGl  ;  on  the  staff  of  Gen. 
G.  B.  Mct'Iellan  during  his  campaigns;  author  of  "'  Explorations  of 
theRedRiverinl852,"  1833;  "  Prairie  Traveller,  1859  ;  "  "Personal 
Recollections,  1S6G ;  "  m.  dan.  of  Gen.  Maun,  of  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
Ilis  dau.  m.  Gen.  Geo.  B.  MeClellan. 

ii.  Er.ASTCs  BrvcKRiov  (M.D.),  b.  Dec.  9,  1815;  graduated  at  Amherst 
College,  1S37  :^  Jeff.  xMed.  Col..  1910  ;  practised  medicine  in  Harttbrd, 
Ct.,  and  in  New- York  city;  ediror  N.  A.  Honiceopathic  Jor.nial, 
quarterly ;  editorof  "  Hahnemann's  Lesser  Writings,  1S54  ;"  '"Theory 
and  Practice  of  Medicine,  1852;"  "Homoeopathy  vs.  Alloj;athy, 
185-4."    Married  Emeline  B.  Kilbourn,  of  Hartford,  Ct. 

iii.    TViLLiAM  AiNswoRTH.  b.  July  20,  I8l8  ;  m.  Julia  F.  Colburn. 

iv.     Mausia  Axn,  b.  June  20.  1822  ;  m.  David  Patten,  D.D. 

V.     Mary  a.,  b.  Aug.  11,  lS2t ;  m.  Andrew  J.  Wilkinson,  Boston. 

vi.    Frfj)  a.,  b.  July  23,  1829  ;  m.  Ann  S.  Jillson. 

51.  Jedediah*  (Jedediah,^  Jfoses,^  Johi^),  was  born  July  26,  1757: 
married  Kuth  Larned,  March  1,  1782 ;  died  Aug,  14,  1811.     They  had: 

i.      RnoDA,  b.  Aug.  21,  1782 ;  m.  Sceven  Healy. 

ij.     Joseph,  b.  June  10,  1784  ;  m.  xibinail  Stnimway. 

iii.  WiLLiAii  Larned,  b.  Dec.  12,  1786-;  m'.  (1)  Dolly  Mewell;  ("2)  Cornelia 
Kcower ;  graduated  at  Brown  University,  1S08  ;  recorder  of  Troy, 
N.Y.,181t);  adj.  gen.,  1821 ;  comptroller  of  New-York,  1^23  ;  jusace 
of  supreme  court,  1829  ;  U.  S.  senator,  1831 ;  covernor  of  New- York, 
1833-9 ;  sec.  of  war,  1845-9  ;  sec.  of  sUte,  1S53-7.  Died  July  4, 
1857. 

iv.    Han-nah,  b.  Jan.  14.  1789. 

V.     Jedediah,  b.  Oct.  19,  1791 ;  m.  Esther  Healy. 

vi.    Carollve,  b.  Oct.  11,  1798  ;  d.  aged  4  years. 

52.  Daniel"*  {Jedrdiah,^  Moscs^  John'),  married  EH;:abeth  Larned.  of 
Dudley,  June  21, 1787 ;  died  May  14,  1833,  aged  69.    They  had : 

i,      Bradford,  b.  Oct.  10,  1787  ;  m.  (1)  Phipps ;  (2)  Cynthia  Stevens. 
ii.     Betskv.  b.  .Jan.  1 1,  1780  ;  m.  Jonathan  St.Jvea.-j. 
iii.    D.\RiT;i,  b.  July  Iv,  1790 ;  unm. 


312  Record  of  the  Marcy  Famihj.  [Ju^y? 

iv.    Damei.,  b.  Feb.  2,  1790  ;  in.  ^Mary  O.  Kintrsbnry. 

V.      Bakhara,  b.  Dec.  IS,  179.'?  ■  m.  Kliot  PMuninds. 

vi.     Ai-GisTLS,  b.  Feb.  Ifi,  17^6  ;  m.  Sally  t'lirtor. 

vii.   liARNED,  b.  Fob.  5, 1703;  m.  (1)  Harriet  Perry  ;  (2)  Lydia  Chamberlain. 

viii.  WiLLi.vM,  vnm. 

53.  Elij.mi*  {E/iJah,^  J^foscs,^  Joh/i^),  married  Mary  Hobbs.  He  died 
in  1806,  aged  42.     They  had  : 

i.  Sarah,  m.  Eli  Bmh  ;  d.  ^Marcb,  ISOO,  njcd  87,  in  Montgomery,  Vt. 

li.  Meriam,  m.  Joria.  Earnc-;,  Ibkcr^field,  Vt. 

iii.  Elijau,  m.  Sarah  CIciiK.'nce  ;  d.  1855. 

iv.  LccrsijA,  m.  Ames  Uake.'*. 

V.  Matilda,  b.  Oct.  1-1,  17'J2;  m.  William  McKinstry. 

54.  Morris*  (Daniel*  Jloses'  John^),  married  Sally  Morse,  of  Stur- 
bridge.     They  had : 

i.  D-OiiEL  G..  m.  lietsoy  Llovd,  Springfield. 

ii.  Adel-mde  M.,  m.  Daniel  M.  llod^^es,  VV'arren. 

iii.  Jaiies  L.,  unm. ;  d. 

iy.  Sarah  iM.,  m.  John  P.  Stockwell,  "Webster. 

V.  Ltdia  II.,  m.  II.  Ilalconib,  £.  Bloomfiold,  N.  Y. 

Ti.  OuvrR  M.,  umii. ;  d. 

55.  ]\Iarven'*  (Daniel,'^  Jfoses,''  John^),  married  Cliristlana  Ricbardsj  of 
Boston.     Kept  a  liotel  in  Caml)riilgp.     They  had : 

i.  Christx.vna,  m.  Horace  "Williams,  of  Boston. 

ii.  Matovin,  unm. 

iii.  Mary,  m.  Joseph  Ford,  of  Boston. 

iv.  ScsAN.  vi.     William. 

V.  Howard.  vii.  Lydia. 

5G.  Chester*  (  WllUayn*  Samuel,^  John^),  was  bom  in  Woodstock, 
1760.  Lived  and  died  in  Hartland,  Yt.  Served  in  the  vrar  of  the  rerolu- 
tion  at  Fort  Bethel,  Vt.,  after  the  burning  of  the  town  of  Eoystowo  by  the 
Indians,  for  which  he  received  a  pension.  He  married  ^Matilda,  widow  of 
Dr.  S.  A.  Waldo.     Died  Oct.  25,  lSi.3,  aged  85.     They  had : 

i.  Sally,  d.  youn:;. 

ii.  RuTcs,  killed  in  battle  at  Plattsburg,  Sept.  11,  1814. 

iii.  Chester,  lives  in  Michiiran. 

iv.  "William ,  lives  at  Allen,  Hillsdale  co.,  Miohif^n. 

V.  EenryK..  "  "  "  "  " 

o7.  Gardner*  (William,'^  S(u?mel'  Johv}),  was  bom  .June  12,  1762. 
At  the  age  of  18  took  the  place  of  his  father,  who  was  conscripted  into  the 
army  from  Belchertown,  INfass. ;  was  stationed  at  "West  Point ;  drilled  by 
Baron  Steuben  ;  "  was  sold  to  the  British  by  Arnold ; "  saw  Arnold  go  on 
board  the  Vulture ;  was  present  when  Washington  arrived.  He  settled  in 
Hartland,  Yt.,  where  he  was  a  farmer,  tanner  and  dealer  in  West  India 
goods.  He  was  justice  of  the  peace  14  years,  overseer  of  the  poor  6  years, 
selectman  11  years,  captain  of  a  company  of  infontry.  He  married  Eliza- 
beth Danforth,  Dec.  4,  1791  ;  died  Oct.  8,  1837.     They  bad : 

i.  SuLLrrAN',  m.  Sarah  Waldron. 

ii.  Gardner,  m.  Matilda  Walker  ;  d.  Dec.  23,  1848,  aged  54. 

iii.  Betsey,  m.  Zonas  Hopkins,  1816. 

iv.  Sqcire,  m.  Eliza  Bradstreet,  now  a  lawj'er  and  judge  in  Hartland,  "Vt. 

58.  Willard*  {Winiam*  Samuel,^  John}),  was  bom  Oct.  3.  1764; 
married  Lydia,  daughter  of  Ebenezer  Pike,  of  Cornish,  N.  H.  He  lived  in 
Hartland,  Yt.,  where  be  died  Jan.  31,  1849.     They  had  : 

i.      Willard,  m.  Accnith  Phelps. 


1875.]  JRecord  of  the  JMarcy  Famhj.  313 

ii.  JlAniTADEL,  ni.  Elias  IToadloy. 

iii.  Cr.iNTi'V,  la.  Cynthia  LlancliarJ, 

iv.  ADoi.rius,  111.  Mot-^oy  Kctiilali. 

V.  ]]LtKi.Ev,  I).  >Sin.t.  11,  iTiKj ;  ui.  (1)  Mary  Hadlock  ;  (2)  Amarilla Button. 

Vi.      II.\r{i:'!:T,  rn     -T  -Im   \';'!nL!;l;t^1. 

yii.    Utram.  ra.  Purchenui  KlackwcU. 
viii.  Marv,  m.  Asahcl  Baj^ley. 
ix.     JAin:s,  iimu.,  li.cs  ia  Terin. 
X.      LuciNDA,  ui.  Israel  Gilbert. 

50.  WiNxnnor*  ( inV/i'a/H,' AS''-/»n/(7,' ./oA?i'),  was  born  June  17,  17G0  ; 
married  (1)  Al»iL::iJl  S.irifcant;  (2)  Olive  Avers  ;  (o)  Catharine  Kaw.-ou  ; 
(4)  Sonliia  Keyes;  .liovrMarch  20,  1849.     They  had  (1  m.)  : 

i.      Olivk,  til.  Eliiah  Iloisington. 

ii.     Rrrii,  m.  Kliiali  Grow. 

iii.    (JEOKGK,  in.  Minily  Hoisinc;:ton. 

iv.     LKVr,  u).  Mary  Ann  Kendall. 

V.  (2  m.)  WiNTHRop,  m.  Maria  Stone. 

\i.     Ithamar,  m.  Marj'  Smith. 

GO.  Levi'*  (  WiUi-nn?  Samuel^  John^),  wr.3  born  Sept.  3, 1774  ;  married 
Ruth  Sargeant ;  died  IMay  15,  1847.     They  had ; 

i.  Salome,  m.  Willard  Moore. 

ii.  Xancv,  m.  Jasm  liarlini;. 

iii.  Atrial  15.,  m.  Patiiclia  Bailey. 

iv.  Hann'au,  ni.  Ira  Wood. 

V.  Lvov,  m.  Jaiur:  A.  Gates. 

Gl.  ZznEViMi*  (Z  I't'dioJ/,'  Samuel,-  Jol.n^),  wa.s  born  in  "Woodstock, 
Ct.,  in  17G0.  He  re-iiled  in  "Willinston,  Ct.,  where  he  died  in  1851.  He 
married  (1)  Ph(i:be  re;.ri,  (2)  Polly  Britt.     They  had: 

Priscill-\,  PnoFiiE,  Lois,  Elizabeth,  Lccy,  Haxxah,  Thomas,  TiiiOTnr, 
Zebcoui  ,  LvciNDA,  Newma.v,  John",  Marv,  Louisa. 

62.  Alvan*  (Samut'I'  Samuel,^  Jo/ui^),  married  Polly  Bunce ;  lived  in 
Woodstock,  Vt.     They  had : 

i.      Thomas. 

il.     JoHX  S.,  b.  March  7,   1779;   ra.  Re>iecca  Yorse,  of  Walpole,  N.  IT. 

Attorney  and  judge  j  lives  in  Windsor,  Vt. 
iii.    Martha.  iv.     Franxes. 

63.  OuEN*  {Samuel,'  Samuel,*  Johi'),  b.  April,  1774  ;  married  (1)  Polly 
"VVork  ;  (2)  Lucv  AVork  ;  lived  in  Ashfoid,  Ct. ;  died  July  21, 1828.  They 
had : 

i.  (1  m.)  Joseph  "\7.,  b.  Nov.  18,  179S  ;  d.  May  2,  1842. 

ii.     Jonv  S.,  h.  Mar;h,  ISOl  ;  d.  June  7,  185G. 

iii.    MA]:r,  h.  in  A-ifurd,  1806  ;  m.  Thomas  J.  Olney,  Jan.  10,  1826  ;  d. 

March  3.  1850. 
iv.     Olive,  b.  Dec.  30,  1808 ;  m.  Henrv  Packer,  Eastford, 
V.      Stpven  il,  b.  -Jan.  22,  IS13  ;  m.  Tlived  at  New-Haven,  Ct. 
vi.    Da.skuki.  S.,  h.  May  21.  1816  ;  lives  at  Quatquetoa,  Iowa. 
Tii.  (2  m.)  lI'-.s-vAH  11.,  h.  Feb.  28,  1821 ;  m.  H.  B.  Eurnham. 
viii.  EsTH^<v,  b.  Feb.  14,  lc26 ;  d.  Sept.  13,  1829. 

64.  Ebexezeu*  {Ehenezerj^  Ekmezer^  John^),  was  born  July  10,  1780  ; 
married  Susannah  Adams.  He  lived  in  Pittston,  where  he  died,  Aug.  9, 
1850.     They  had: 

I.  Jonathan,  b.  -Lan.  31,  1303 ;  d.  Jan.  5,  1851. 

ii.  El,£m:7Es,  b.  Sei)t.  2.  1804  ;  d.  Dec.  4,  1828. 

iii.  Akp.aham.  b.  Sept.  16,  ISOij ;  d.  Oct.  26.  1S23. 

iv.  THAXiOTL,  )  d.  Feh.  11.  '833. 

V.  SrE>cEtt,    3  twins,  b.  July  17^  iSoS  ;  m.  Harriet  Pruner. 

TOL.   3LSIS.  27* 


314  Notes  and  Queries.  [Juiy> 

vi,  Elijah,  b.  Sept.  4,  1810  ;  d.  Sopt.  23,  1823. 

vii.  ELnKiiT,  b.  May  0:3,  ISl-J  ;  m.  Mary  Anne  Keddin. 

viii.  Sakaii,  h.  Fei).'l.">,  ISll. 

i.\.  Jarhu,  b.  Jan.  15,  ]8IG. 

X.  JosF.rii,  b.  Jan.  0'3,  \cVo. 

xi.  JoHx  Sagkk,  b.  Nov.  1,  1821  (Reverend). 

yii.  Martha,  b.  iSej)t.  2!l,  1823. 

G5.  Jakf.d*  [E^jenezer*  Ehcnczcr^  Jolui^),  was  born  in  tbe  "Wyoming 
Valley,  Penn.,  June  (J,  1782.  II->  marrieil  Sarah  Bennett;  liveJ  at  Pittston 
where  he  died,  iJtc.  IS,  181 G.     They  had: 

i.  LoRrN-DA,b.  March  IS,  1805;  d.  1818. 

ii_.  Ira,  b.  April  20,  1807  ;  m.  Ann  Ti-eter. 

iii.  Reuben,  b.  Sept.  7,  18i)<» ;  m.  Lucy  Ann  Wrenton. 

iv.  AvERV,  b,  Jan.  29,  181 1  ;  m.  Luciuda  Blackmun. 

V.  Elmika,  b.  March  IS,  1813. 

66.  Joseph''  {Efiene-cr*  Ehenezer*  John^),  was  born  in  Luzerne  co., 
Penn..  Feb.  19,  1787  ;  married  Delilah  Nichols,  of  Beckman,  N.  Y. ;  lives 
(1874)  at  Moscow,  Penn.     Tliey  had  : 

i.      Nichols,  b.  May  1,  1821. 

ii.     Abel,  b.  Feb.  13,  1823.     Snp.  pub.  schools,  "Wyoming  co. 
iii.    Martha  R..  b.  Feb.  3,  182t) ;  m.  W'm.  Rj'an. 
iv.     Henry  F.,  b.  April  28,  1828  ;  d.  Ajn-il  9,  1817. 

V.      Vv'iLLiAM  L.,  b.  July  4,  1833  (M.D.  at  Castleton,  Yt.),  practises  in 
AVaymart.  Wayne  co.,  Penn. 

67.  XiCiiOLSON'*  {Zchuhn,^  Ehenezer^  John^),  was  born  Nov.  3,  1773; 
married  Hannah  Hutchinson,  daughter  of  Col.  Hutchinson,  of  Danvers, 
Mass.,  who  was  at  the  •'  Tea  party  "  in  Boston  harbor,  and  fought  at  Bunker 
Hill.  They  lived  at  Tunkhannock,  Penn.  He  died  Jan.  3U,  1827.  She 
died  April  8,  1857.     They  had: 

i.      William  N.,  b.  April  16,  1808. 

ii.     Zebvlon-  Coxant,  b.  ]May  2,  1809. 

iii.    SusAX,  b.  May  22,  iSll  ;  m.  J.  Q.  Caudry. 

iv.    Albert  Nicholson,  b.  Nov.  3,  1813  :  m.  Kate  S.  Lohmer. 

V.      Israel  Hltcuinsox,  b.  Nov.  17,  1815. 

vi.     Oliver  II.  Perrv,  b.  Feb.  2,  1818  ;  m.  Mary  Burgess,  proprietor  of  tbe 

Tunkhannock  Republican. 
vii.  Harriet  Newell,  b.  ^ov.  27,  1819  ;  m.  Linton  Seeley. 
viii.  ErMCE  H.,  b.  Nov.  10,  1821  ;  m.  Ailam  Stevens. 

is.    Porter,  b.  Feb.  22,  lf<21 ;  m.  Eliza  11.  Cas.siday;  lives  at  Tunkhannock. 
X.     Martha  Curtis,  b.  July  3,  182G. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

HiNCKES. — John  Hiackc?  came  from  England  about  1670, — Savage  says  1672, — 
was  councillor  for  tbe  province  of  Ncw-lfamp«hire  and  assistant  Tn  the  court"  of 
chancery  from  1083  :o  May  25,  168G,  when  he  became  a  councillor  in  the  New- 
England  government  of  President  Joseph  Dudley,  having  been  named  for  the  office 
in  the  commission  issued  by  James  11.  on  clic  8th  of  Octuber,  1685.  On  the  10th  of 
June,  168o,  he  wixs  appointed  chief  justice  of  ti:e  court  of  ple^is  and  general  ses- 
sions in  New-Hampshire,  and  on  tlie  2f)tb  uf  July  in  the  same  year  was  commissioned 
to  be  "  Captain  ot  the  Fort  and  Band  of  trained  soldiers  ''  on  Great  Island  in  Ports- 
mouth (now  NewcListle).  He  c<)ntinued  in  oflice  as  councillor,  chief  justice  and 
captain  of  the  fort  until  the  overthrow  of  the  Andms  government  in  April,  1689. 
He  was  again  named  as  councillor  in  the  commission  of  William  III.,  dated  Marcti 
1,  1692,  creating  a  new  government  f.r  New-Hampshire,  and  was  president  of  the 
council;  was  again  aripoir.ted,  January  19,  16ri'>-7j  captain  of  fort  William  and 
Mary  in  Newcastle,  with  Theodore  Atkinson  as  his  lieutenant ;  and  in  1G99  was  ap- 


1875.]  I^otes  and  Queries.  315 

pointed  chief  justloc  of  the  superior  court  of  Xcw-IIampshirc,  and  remained  in  office 
an  councillor,  ctiiei'  justice,  nud  caiitain  of  the  kin;;'p  fMvt,  until  1707.  He  waa  livipt; 
in  Newcastle  Auguiit  C'.l,  IT-JO,  and  died  nrevious  to  April  '2.3,  17151.  Cliief  Justice 
John  Hinckes  married,  date  unknown,  Eli'.al)cth  Fryer,  born  in  Boston,  Nov.  1. 
1G57,— dau'.;ht.T  of  Jud-c  Natlianiel  l''ry«r  and  liia  wile  Ciiristian  Fryer,— ar.d  had 
by  her  six  ciiildicn,  to  wit :  1.  Srrnud  Hinckes.  -2.  Ckn.Hi'in  Ilindcs,  married, 
d-\tc  unknown,  JTicliard  Jordan,  of  Newcastle.  3.  Barhara  IJinrh's,  married,  date 
unknown,  Joliu  I'can'O,  of  xN'ewcastle.     4.  Sarah  Hincfus,  married,  date  unknown, 

John  (?)   Fernald,  of  Kittery.      5.  (?)  Binrl.e!<,  marrit-d,  date   unkno^vn, 

(?)  Gross,  and  Iiad  Ilinckef  Grots,  w!io. lived,  in  I7:2'J,  at  Liliingsgatc  on  Cape 

Cod ;  and  6.  Elizabdli  Uuickes,  married,  December  22,  1715,  William  Pitman,  of 
Boston. 

Samuel  Ilinckes,  above  named,  son  of  chief  justice  John  Ilinckes,  was  born  in 
Portsmouth,  date  unknown,  and  v.-as  fjraduated  at  Harvard  Collei,'ft  in  1701;  was 
subsetiuePtly  a  merchant  in  Portsmouth,  and,  in  June,  171C,  was  sent,  by  the  council 
of  New-Hampshire,  as  representative  of  that  province  "  to  the  Indians  at  tiie  East- 
ward." He  was  a  captain  in  Colonel  Westbrook's  regiment  in  service  against  the 
Eastern  Indians,  and  commanded  Fort  Mary,  at  Winter  Jf arbor  (near  Saco),  from 
March  2S.  17-22,  to  April  1,  1727  ;  he  sulisequently  removed  to  Boston,  where  he 
was  living  Septemlier  8,  1733,  and  died  in  Portsmouth  shortly  after.  He  married, 
date  unknown,  but  previous  to  1715,  Elizabeth  (Winslow)  J?cott,  born  in  Boston 
Idarch  22,  1671,— widow  of  Jo.scph  Scott,  of  Boston,  whom  she  married  January  IS, 
IGOl,  daugliter  of  Cuptain  Edward  and  Elizabeth  (ilutchin.-on)  Winslow,  and  grand- 
daughter of  John  Winslow,  who  came  from  England  in  the  Fortune,  and  his  wife 
Mary  (Chilton)  Wii\i;low,  who  came  in  the  Mayflower,— and  had  by  [lier  two  chil- 
dren, to  wit  : 

1.  Katharine  Ann  Uinchs.  born  in  Portsmouth  about  1716,  married  August  25, 
1736,  Francis  Skinner,  of  Boston. 

2.  Samuel  Ilinckes,  junior,  horn  in  Portsmouth  about  1718,  removed  in  17'27  with 
his  parents  to  Boston,  where  he  lived  until  1753  ;  married  about  1754,  Susanna  Dyer, 
daughter  of  Jonathan  Dyer,  of  Truro,  Mass.,  where  they  livedafter  marriage  until 
1795,  when  they  removed  to  Bucksport,  Maine,  whore  lie  died  in  1804. 

Information  i.s  wanted  resjiocting  the  descendants  of  the  daughters  of  Judge  John 
Hinckes,  and  of  the  daugliicr  of  Captain  Samuel  ilinckes  who  married  Francis 
Skinner. 

Milwaukee,  Wis.  Edward- Wlvslow  Hixcks,  U.  S.  A. 

Ra>'dall. — Possiljly  some  readers  of  the  Registkr  can  give  information  of  the 
"Randall"  family,  early  settlers  near  Pawcatuck  River  in  Rhode  Island  and 
Connecticut. 

1;.  John  Randall  and  Elizabeth  his  wife  were  at  "Westerly,  R.  I.  (claimed  also  hy 
Conn.)  in  1669;  a  fiirmer  ;  bought  land  of  Thomas  B?ll,  1670;  deputy  to  R.I. 
assembly  1679.  Who  were  his  ancestors  ;  when  did  he  e  ;ttle  there  ;  what  was  his 
wife's  family  name ;  when  and  where  were  they  born  and  when  married ;  record 
of  their  children  ? 

2,  John,  born  about  1666, — was  he  son  of  John  1st?  Whom  and  when  did  he 
marry,  first  and  second  wife  ? 

Uif*  son,  3d  John,  born  Dec.  2,  1701.  supposed  to  have  married  (1)  Elizabeth 
Cottrel  in  17-2-1-8,  and  (2)  widow  Rsther  Palmer,  who  was  a  Holmes.  Dates  of  mar- 
riages and  record  of  children  wanted.  What  record  is  there  of  the  wives  of  John  R. 
Nos.  1,  2  and  3,  and  of  their  families? 

East  Cambridrje,  Mass.  P.  K.  Randall. 


History  of  the  Ancient  and  HoNORAr.LE  Artillery  Compant. — JIaj.  Ben.  Perley 
Poore,  Indian  Hill  Farm,  near  Newbiiryport,  Mass.,  is  preparing,  at  the  request  of 
this  venerable  company,  its  iii-tory,  commencing  with  its  organization  in  1638,  as 
an  offshoot  of  the  great  Artillery  Company  of  London.  He  will  be  thankful  to  those 
■who  will  direct  him  to  information  concerning  the  company  or  its  oflicers. 

LoRiNG. — The  statement  of  Mr.  Binney,  on  page  469  in  the  Oct.  number  of  the 
Register  for  1874,  viz.  :  that  John  Cjring  the  sun  of  John,  after  the  death  of  his 
wife  Jane,  Dec.  1,  1724,  removed  to  Hin'gham,  is  incorrect.  He  did  not  survive 
his  wife,  and  he  did  not  remove  to  liingbam. 

John  Lijring  ah.  ire  rcft-ned  to,  son  of  John  and  Rachel  (Buckland)  Ix)riag,  bom 
in  Hull,  June  28,  lGd.0,  was  a  resident  of  that  town  through  his  \yhole  life,  and  was 


316  Notes  and  Queries.  [July, 

identified  with  its  municipal  afTairs  and  with  the  inlercsts  of  its  inhabitant-^.  IIo 
■was  honored  with  variniit)  civil  olliceH  of  trust  andnsjj.msihility,  and  held  an  iinnorr.- 
ant  position  as  a  nienJicr  and  leader  in  tlie  elnm'h  under  tlieKov.  Zechariaii  \\!i1l- 
man.  The  Hull  records  say,  "  Elder  J.din  Lorini,' died  Feb.  26,  1710-20."  In  his  ^^  ill, 
dated  Feb.  3,  i7l'J  [-JOJ.  proved  June  1,  17-20,  ati'l  which  is  on  file  in  theSiiffjlk  Pro- 
bale  Office,  he  nienti.ins  wife  Jane  Luring,  cMest  ton  John  Lorinj',  brother  Caleb 
Loring,  and  also  brotlier  TI'Muus  l.oring  of  Hingliam,  and  brother  Jacob  Ljrinij; 
of  llingfuMn.  lie  anpoiutrf  his  wife  Jane,  and  brother  Caleb,  executors.  Of  the 
three  witnesses  cu  his  will,  tvro  were  his  cousin.s,  viz.:  John  Loring  and  fc'amuel  Lor- 
inff  of  Iiull,son.sof  Dea.  IJenjauiin  lAiring. 

In  tliis  couneetion  it  may  nut  lie  improper  to  eay  that  John  Loring,  senior,  of  Hull 
(the  father  of  Eider  Julin),  died  at  the  residence  of  his  i=on  Thomas  while  on  a  visit 
to  him  at  ilingham.  There  is  a  grave-stoue  to  his  meinorj-  in  the  Uingbara  ceme- 
tery, on  which  the  following  inscription  is  still  legible  : 

HERE    LYE.S    BURIED    THE 

BODY    OF    M--    JOHN    LORING 

DECJ    SEFTr    19,     1714. 

IN    Ye    S-l'ii    YEAR    OF    HIS    AGE. 

Hingham,  Mass.  George  Lincoln. 


MATTHrw  Wright,  a  Cniverwlist  preacher,  formerly  a  Moravian,  was  in  this  part 
of  Massachusetca  from  1785  to  171*3,  perhaps  longer.  A  Dane  r)y  birth,  Ins  name 
was  originally  speiied  Leuz,  but  Anglicized  to  Wright.  ^Vhere  and  when  did  he 
die?  Richard  Eddy, 

Gloucester,  Mass, 

TTATr-RiiAN. — Samuel  Waterman  married  filarcy  Ransom  in  Taunton,  July  06, 
169-2.  ^V'ho  was  he  and  where  did  he  reside?  Deacon  Jolin  Waterman,  of  IlaUfax, 
had  dau:rhters  :  Asne,  b.  Dee.  Id,  1671,  m.  Ransom;  Lydia,  b.  May  9,  1678,  m. 
Shaw  ;  Elizabe'ih,  b.  July  16,  16tj9,  m.  Tilson.  if  anyone  can  give  me'the  christian 
Dames  of  Rau^orn,  Shav.-  and  TiLson,  and  the  names  of  the  descendants  of  any  of  the 
above  and  their  residences,  they  will  confer  a  favor.  C.  C.  P.  Watekuan. 

Sandwich,  Mass. 

Indian  Attack  on  H.wERnnx. — In.fiirmation  is  desired  relating  to  events  at 
Haverhill,  Mass.,  and  Indian  attacks  upon  tlie  same  about  the  year  1700. 

The  husband  and  child   d'  Sasannah ?  were  killed  and  she  taken  captive  by 

Indians  ;  was  released  after  three  years  ;  married  John  Swan.  Their  house  was 
again  attacked  I7uS  or  '9,  and  in  dehmding  their  premises  they  killed  an  Indian  as 
he  was  forcing  an  entrance  into  tlie  house. 

Who  was  Susannah  and  what  her  husband's  name — dates  of  events,  &c.  ? 
East  Cambridge,  Muss.  P.  K.  Randall. 


Jones  ani>  Hopkins. — Wanted,  the  parentage  of  Abigail  Barnes  of  Marlborough, 
who  m.  in  169-3,  Jnsiah  -JorieB  of  natertown,  b.  Oct.  2ij,  1670.  She  d.  Nov.  4, 
1749. 

Also  the  parentage  of  Elizabeth  Hopkins  who  ra.  July  17,  1723,  Samuel  AlhTi  of 
Wiu'lsor,  b.  Oct.  -27,  1703.    :jhc  d.  tjept.  17,  1757.  Henry  Jones. 

Bridgeport,  Conn. 

Jones. — Who  was  the  father  of  Dr.  Benjamin  Jones,  of  Beverly,  who  married 
Sarah  Endioott  ?  G.  J.  Sloan. 


The  Figure  Head  of  ths  Constitution. — Mr.  Drake  in  his  Historic  Fieldp,  sives 
a  correct  account  ot  the  mumer  in  which  Mr.  Dewey  sawed  off  the  head  of  General 
Jackson,  on  the  bows  of  ihc  Frigate  Coii'^titutiun,  July  2,  IS34.  Was  there  ever  a 
second  attempt  to  further  mutilate  tiiat  figure  heail?  Commodore  Elliott  in  an  cE- 
cial  communication  addrct.-'cd  to  the  Hon.  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  under  date  Jan. 
22,  1835,  sayi3: 

•'  A  second  attempt  was  made  on  tjie  night  of  the  5th  of  July,  1834,  to  carry  o3"  a 
larger  portion  of  the  i:„-ure,  but  whieii  proved  abortive,  as  they  were  discovered.  I 
believe  one  of  the  act-rs  was  drowned  in  attem|jting  to  escape,  while  the  other  suc- 
ceeded in  passing  the  wail ;  rho  boat,  however  in  which  ths  attempt  was  made  wr.a 
captured  and  is  uow  at  the  yard."     "  ►Since  your  departure  from  this  place  with  a 


1875.]  ^otcs  and  Queries.  317 

determinntion  not  to  repair  tlic  figure  of  the  Constitution,  I  have  had  a  marine 
sentinel  \s\i\\  an  o!!icor  by  hiH  side  .•i->n^tiintly  at  niyht  to  iL.'fend  it." 

"  P.  S.  I  understand  tlitse  people  perlecily  well,  yuii  need  not  tlierefore  feci  under 
any  appreliention.  From  the  present  appearance  of  the  \ve;itlicr.  I  think  I  nhull 
have  the  ship  ready  tor  her  ollicers  and  crew  by  the  15th  of  next  month.  I  shall 
deem  it  ray  duty  to  "see  the  ship  outside  the  narrows  when  she  departs  thib  port." 

John  MAXsriF.T,D,  IGHl.  [See  Rkgister,  vi.  l.')G.]  Extract  from  Court  Files,  East 
Camhrid^'c.— From  tlie  humble  petition  of  John  Manslield  lOGl  :  "  My  Fiither  was 
justice  iu  place  And  kuiirhted  was  by  the  Quecne-s  grace  of  Nol^lo  Birth  lu;  then  did 
come  and  left  gretite  lueiines  for  nie  his  eon.  Three  otiices  &  land  he  hadd  of  thuu- 
sands  yearelyliiadcall  gladd  hehelpt  the  poore  w-'t^w-as  fujc  badd  Ijoth  lialt  &Iambe 
that  was  soe  sadd.  A  s;idd  .«tory  I  hearenow  tell  his  clearkes,  proftssors  all  did  sell 
bcsided  twenty-tight  thous;ind  pound  they  tooke  out  of  his  Howse  ihey  founde." 

II.  F.  Waters. 


AsAUEL  PORTKR,  KiLLED  AT  LEXINGTON,  ApRIL  19,  1775.      [BrOOKS  FaMILT  OF  "Wo- 

BtJRN,  Mass.,  fl/i^e  xxix.  151]. — Asahei  Porter,  of  Woburu,  killed  at  Lexington, 
April  19,  1775.  married  Abigail  Brooks  \Drooks  Family,  8.  iv.J,  Oct.  3,  1773,  at 
Seabrook,  N.  II., ^^er  certificate,  as  follows: 

"  Province  7  Seabrook,  Oct.  3,  1773. 

of  New-Oanipshire.    ) 

"  This  may  certify  whom  it  may  concern  that  Mr.  A?abel  Porter  and  Mrs.  Abigail 
Brooks  both  of  Snlcm,  in  the  county  of  Essex,  province  of  Masiachusetts  Bay,  are 
legally  married  by  Mr.  Samuel  Perley,  A.M.,  and  pastor  of  cimrch  att  Seabrook. 

"  Test.  John  Brook«,  Timothy  Brooks,  Mary  Knowlton." 

ViJc  a  similar  certificate  by  the  same  pastor  in  Hist.  Cutter  Family,  p.  48,  note. 

Porter,  while  going  to  market  in  the  early  morning  of  April  19,  1775,  was  halted 
and  made  pri.s<jner  in  the  limits  of  the  present  town  of  Arlington,  ^lass.,  by  the  ad- 
vancing column  of  British  on  tlieir  way  to  Concord.  He  v/as  forced  to  accompany 
the  tn)ops  until  the  tiring  on  Parker's  company  at  Lexington  occurred,  when  ho  was 
shot  dead  by  his  cantors  after  his  relea-e,  for  disobedience  of  their  order  not  to  run 
as  he  left  them — Vide  extended  account  in  W'oburn  Journal,  for  Feb.  13,  1S75,  and 
Sewall's  Hist.  ^Vob.  p.  3t>2.  Amos  Lock,  and  Ebenezer  Lock ,  of  Lexington,  while 
hastening  to  the  scene  of  the  firing  on  Lexington  Common,  found  Asahei  Porter, 
of  Woburn,  shot  through  the  body,  under  the  cover  of  a  wall,  about  twenty  rods 
easterly  of  the  common,  where  the  British  then  were — vide  Phinney's  Hist.  (New 
Ed.)  p.  39.  A  marble  stone  was  erected  in  memory  of  Porter  in  Woburn,  April  21, 
1875,  precisely  one  liundred  years  after  his  burial  in  that  cemetery  at  the  rejiorted 
age  of  twenty-three  years.  William  R.  Cutter. 

Lexington,  Mass. 

"  Charge  at  M^  Gedn-tt's." — June  8  (87)  Court  Expenses,  Dr. 

Lodgins  it  breakfiist  •        £.  0  :  01 :     9 

3  flajons  beer  Is.  9d.  marsh"  &c.  0:3:9 
tjherifi' beer  &  wine  9d  0:  0:  9 
11  Dinne' w''>  wine  it  beer  to  it  1 :  2  :  00 
Svder  3 '  10  dinn"  2^  1  :  00  :  03 
Marshalls  dinn--  V2'^  0  :  01  :  00 
Lemonade  12'.  1  qt.  wine  12^  0  :  02  :  00 
flairon  bc-er  •i'^.  wine  IS-i  0  :  01  :  04 
Slogings  ■                              0:  00:  OG 

4  horses  2  nights  nast  and  one  to  come 

in  all  3  ]U2nts 
1  pint  wine  to  y*  constables 

02:     19:  10 
(From  Essex  Co.  Court  Papers.)  H.  F.  Waters. 


£  2: 

13: 

04 

00: 

06: 

00 

00: 

00: 

06 

First  SALriE?  to  tite  Stars  and  St.-jipes. — On  page  412,  vol.  sxviii.  of  the  His- 
torical AXD  Genealogical  Register,  in  the  article  on  Portraits  in  New-Hampshire, 


318  JSFotcs  and  Queries,  [July, 

it  is  stated  that  John  do  Graff  wfis  the  first  foreign  ningistratc  who  snlutod  the 
"  Stars  and  Stripes."  AVill  your  corre.-pondont  plc;i>e  inii>rui  lue  whon,Avhere,  and 
how  tLat  honor  was  paid  to  our  "  new  constellation  '"?  The  first  naval  r^aluto  to  it 
is  recorded  in  Doct(n'  Ezra  (irecn's  diary  and  in  I'aul  Junuo'd  letter  to  the  commis- 
sioners  informing  them  uf  the  event  {ante,  page  15).  G.  u.  p. 

Walker.— On  p.  421  of  t'le  Re7.  J.  B.  K.  AValker's  "  Memorial  of  the  Walkers 
of  the  Old  Plymouth  Colony  "  is  a  list  uf  Walkers  in  that  colony  whom  the  com- 
niler  could  not  "  trace  to  their  proper  relationsliip^."  Amonu'  these  are  Dorothy 
Walker,  who  married,  ]\IaY -G,  lO'J-J,  John  Paul,  and  Hannah  NV'alker  who  marrieil 
April  B,  1G05,  Denjauiin  Joncs  (See  IlLGrsTKR.-xiii.  2')2). 

To  the  numerous  descendants  of  Dorothy  Paul  and  Hannah  Jones,  it  may  be  in- 
teresting to  learn  that  I  have  found  a  deed  of  gift  of  "  a  rugg  and  a  feather  b';d  " 
made  by  James  Walker  of  Taunton  to  his  daughters,  Dorotiiy  Paul  and  Hannah 
Jones. _  This  deed  of  gift  I  found  in  a  package  of  old  papers  which  also  contained 
the  original  deed  of  Assonet  Ncek  in  Berkley,  of  which  neck  the  ab<Ae  James 
"Walker  was  one  of  the  six  original  proprietors.  Ebenezer  'W.  Peirce. 


WoosTER.  Who  were  the  parents  of  Brig.  Gen.  David  Woostcr,  of  the  Revolu- 
tionary army?  S.   W.  PflOCMX. 

^Beach.— Capt.  Elnathan  Beach  died  at  Cheshire,  Conn.,  on  the  16th  of  August, 
174Q.  Ho  was  distinguished  for  his  benevolence  and  many  excellent  virtues,  "so  as 
to  deserve  a  particular  place  in  the  memory  of  all  who  wish  well  to  mankind,"  says 
his  tombstone.     Who  were  his  parents  ?  s.  w.  p. 

Wareixg. — Who  were  the  i^arents  of  Edward  WareinEr,  who  married  Elizabeth 
daug'iter  of  Saigeaiit  John  Bouton  at  2s'orwalk.  Conn.,  Oct.  6,  1698?  The  name 
is  written  \V  arren  by  ids  descendants.  s.  w.  p. 


John  L*agdon. — The  deposition  of  Michell  Cowes  :  and  peter  Joy  a:'-ed  ;  aboutt : 
fortty  yeares  o"^  thear  aboutt  doe  :  heare  testific  that  wee  :  beared  John  Langdon  s.iv  : 
that  hee  :  wold  :  and:  also:  did  give  onto  :  Elizabeth:  Haskitt  the  dafti^ier  of  5j 
Stepheren  :  Jia-kitt  ;  the  souni  of  teen  :  pound  :  (obliterated)  :  whatt  more  :  hee  • 
had  :  Jlcft  tow  bee  :  devidcd  among  the  rest  of  the  said  Heskitt  children  this  wee 
doe  testifle  :  thatthis  was  his  will  and  :  desire  of  John  Langdon  :  when  bee  wentt 
away:  with  M- Eliezer  :  Deuea.  portt  :  outt :  the  coutery  which  was  in  desember 
one  :  thousand,  six  :  hundread  eeuenty  and  :  six  and  farther :  deponentes  saith  nott. 

Taken  upon  oath  :  2-2:  8  mo  :  77.  W".  Hathome  Asist. 

(From  Essex  County  Court  Papers.)  H.  f .  Waters. 

Drr-KEE. — Mr.  C.  E.  Durkee,  of  Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y.,  is  preparing  a  genealo- 
gy of  th  3  family  for  publication. 


Philip  Moore. — Can  any  of  your  readers  infjrm  me  to  what  branch  of  the 
Moore  family  he  belonged?  He  lived  in  Washington  county,  Maryland,  in  time  of 
the  revolutiunary  war.    Moveil  tn  Fayette  county^  Penn.,  in  1780  ;  and  from  there  to 


Jersey,  and  we  think  in  Jetlerson  county,  Va.    The  undersigned  would  be  happy  to 
correspond  with  any  one  that  can  give  any  information  on  the  subject. 
Fortsmouih,  O.  W.  Moore. 

Extracts  from  a  private  Diart  kept  ix  Dorchester,  Mass. — December  Q.3 
day  1759  and  Mr.  Jonathan  Boman  did  bing  to  tell  the  twown  and  it  lasted  about 
threa  munts. 

March  25  day  1761  then  he  begoun  to  sing  twiso  in  the  four  nun  about  threa  munts. 

March  2i  day  1765  then  Mr.  Jonathan  Bi.man  of  Dorchester  put  by  the  meaten  in 
the  after  noun  upon  the  count  of  the  weather. 

Dorchester  Nouember  10  day  1765  then  jMr.  Jonathan  Boman  be  goun  to  sing  the 
new  psalmes. 
V     Febrey  1765  9  day  then  thay  Begon  to  sing  without  Beading. 

March  3  day  1771  then  Mr.  Eomon  put  by  the  meaten  uppon  the  count  of  the  storm. 


1875.]  J^otes  and  Queries.  319 

March  30  dny  1775  tlic  licincr  and  Reucnot  pastor  of  tlic  cliurche  in  Dorchester 
hone  liave  DciaTt-d  tliis  Liio  JMr.  Jonath.  Dumcaui  by  Dcarh  and  these  before  ho  Died 
he  CL'lled  fur  hi.s  Dibell  and  lio  ar^k  his  wiCo  to  luck  the  tirst  chapter  of  Thiiuity  and 
the  twelf  vercs  and  he  spoek  a  fo.ue  'Wurds  and  died  and  weud  to  scalp  and  he  died  one 
the  1  thursday  4  and  was  JLJrcad  t!iu:.dy  toljwcu.  d.  c. 

CRAicif,  LscEusoi-L.  !M  \STERS.— Jamcs  Crai^ie  bound  himself,  April  10,  1711, 
at  Srrrjnmes.^,  I^!o  <'f  Urknoy,  to  Mr.  William  l^'orbcs  for  live  years,  from  arrival  of 
Bhip  Antelope  at  Dubton.    The  ve8(^el  arris-ed  June  8,  1711. 

IxGEP.soix. — rCo.  Suflblk  :  Court  Kecordf',  1708.]  Samuel  Ingcrsoll,  of  Marble- 
head,  cooper,  Mary  (Jox  and  Ruth  Fowler,  of  tjaleiu,  uiduws,  which  three  are 
children  of  Jolm  lnt,'ersi>ll,  sun  of  John,  son  of  Richard  Ini^crsoll,  and  John  In2:er- 
soU,  of  Lynn.  hu>bandiiian  and  Elizabetii  Knijfht<,  of  !^alem,  "widow,  childreir  of 
Natiianief,  amuher  Mjn  111  John,  Son  of  Richard,  and  tlohn  Ini^ersoll  and  Richard 
Ingei-soLl,  marinii.-,  an.l  Daniel  Creasy,  eordwainer,  and  Sarali,  his  wife,  all  of 
Kalem,  which  Joliu  Richard  and  Sarah  are  the  cliildren  of  Richard,  son  of  Ricliard, 
another  sou  of  John,  t^on  of  Richard,  and  Ruth  Hiiii/ert,  of  Saleai.  widow,  daugh- 
ter of  Ruth  iSeal,  another  child  of  John,  son  of  Richard,  and  William  Ropes,^of 
Salem,  ship-carpenter,  and  Sarah  his  wife,  another  daughter  of  eaid  John,  son  of 
Richard,  vs.  Pt- ter  Clark  et  als. 

Masters.— [Co.  E'^-ex  :  Court  Paper>,  xi.  56.]  ''  Concerning  the  boy  in  question, 
namely:  son  ot  Fra-ves  Ma.<ters,  Frenchman,  we  Peeter  Woudbery  and  Cornelius 
Eaker  doe  testitie  tliat  the  agreement  between  Henry  Herrick  sergt.  and  the  father 
of  the  said  boy  war,,  that  the  boy  v.as  to  live  with  him  eleven  yeares"  and  halfe. 
Sworne  in  Court  at  Salecn,  30;  Onio.  16i35, 

Allen. — [Copied  from  Notarial  Record,  Co.  Esses,  of  Aug.    10,  1705,  by  H.  F. 

"Waters.]  Capt.  llenjamia  Alien,  late  of  Salem,  mariner,  deceased  some  years  since. 
Dyed  beyond  Sea,  au'l  left  liis  relict  widow  Mary  Allen,  and  since  that  time  she  is 
alsoe  departed  this  life  and  y-  paid  Capt.  Allen  left  issue  two  daughters,  viz.:  Jlary 
and  Rachel,  being  minors  for  whom  Capt.  Walter  Price,  of  Salem,  merch^  v/ns  chosen 
and  is  allowed  guardian  to  JNIary  ye  eldest  daughter  and  .JP  ^\'illiam  Getney,  of  Salem, 
mercht,  guardian  to  y-'  youngest  daughter  Rachel  Allen. 


Nicholas  Woodbury,  Seuf,  late  of  Reverly,  dec"d,  was  Anne  Pasgrave,  who  came 
from  Great  Yarmouth,  CO- of  Norfolk,  England,  being  brought  over  by  her  father 
in  law  Mr  John  Young.  The  .-sud  Nicholas  and  Anne  had  sons  and  dauglitsrs  as 
f.iUows  :— Nicliolas  (elde-t  son),  Johanna,  Abigail,  Joseph,  Isaac,  Andrew  and 
Benjamin,  and  A\'ni  AVoodbury  of  Beverly  is  eldest  and  only  surviving  son  of  Nicho- 
las, eldest  son  as  aforesaid,  who  is  since  also  deceased,  thf  said  W^  being  now  bound 
for  the  West  liidies,  &c.  H.  F.  Wafers. 


Pearson. — The  following  memoranda  are  recorded  in  a  Bible,  which  was  the 

Eropcrty  of  James  Rlake,  who  livai  many  years  on  Pleasant  street,  Boston,  where 
e  died  Aug.  -2!),  L-OS.     Evidently  the  book  belonged  to  some  family  of  Pearsons 
before  it  came  into  Mr.  Blake's  hands. 

John  Pearson,  born  June  27,  1740.  Thoma  Pearson,  bom    Feb.   4,  17U. 

William  Pearson,   b.  Nov.  6,   17-16.  William  Pearson,  born  July  18,  17-W. 

James  Pearson,  born  Oct.  7,   1752.  Thamas  Pearson,   born  Dec.  1,  1760. 

John  Pearson,  bom   April  4.  1707.  Francis  Pearson,  died  Jan.  2,  17 12, a.  52. 

Mrs.  Pearson,  di.^d  Jan.   11,1742-3  VYilliam  Pearson,   died  Oct.  17.  1717. 

Mrs.  Jenney  Pears^m,  d.  Nov.  22,  1752.  Jane  Pearson,  died  Nov.  20,  1752. 

Mary  Pearson ,  died  Not,  6,  1760,  a.  42.  Thomas  Pearson,  died  Feb.  18,  1763. 
Boston,  lo75,  -F.  E.  Blake. 


Washington's  War  Tent  [Register,  vol.  xxvii.  pp.  33-4].-  From  the  Phila. 
'*  National  Gazette  a.nd  Literary  Register,"  Friday  [alcernoon],  August  27,  1S24. 

"Why  Washington's  War  Tent  was  forwarded"  from  Alexandria,  Va.,  to  Balti- 
more, Md.,  and  st..od  within  Fort  iMcHenry,  durimr  Ljitayette's  visit." 

"  A  comiiiunie-ation  in  the  'National  Intelliirencer '  [of  Washington,  D.  C]  of 
Saturday  [August  21st,  1S24J,  states  that  the  tent  of  Waslungion  has  been  oliered 


320  JSfoies  and  Queries.  [JuK', 

by  Mr.  [Geo.  W.  P.]  Custis  to  Col.  [John  Eager]  Howard,  and  the  State  Society  of 
the  Cincinnati  of  MarjlanJ,  to  be  erected  on  the  reception  of  General  Lafayette  at 
Baltimore." 

From  the  Phila.  "  National  Gazette  and  Literary  Register,"  Tuesday  lafternoonl 
Sept.  14,  l<-24.  ■" 

"  Baltimore,  Sept.  1?!,  1521. 
'  ^  "  Washinnto7i's  War  Horse  vras  landed  this  morning'  [iu  anticipation  of  the  ar- 
rival of  Gincral  Liifayeitt;]  t'roiu  tlie  Alexandria  [\'a.J  Packet,  under  a  national 
salute  of  thirteen  guns,  from  the  artillery  comuiandoil  hy  Captain  R.  liosa.  It  v,aa 
received  by  a  coaunittee  of  tlio  Society  of  the  Cincinnati,  and  was  cuuducted  to  the 
Exchanire  under  military  tjcurt.  Tu-uiorrow,  or  nest  day,  it  ^vill  be  conveyed  to 
Fort  McHenry  by  a  detachment  from  the  Fifth  liei,ament.'' 

The  two  extracts  above  will  handsomely  supplement  the  acconnt  of  Mrs.  Gcorglana 
L.  F.  (Avnistead)  A{'pleton,  of  the  display  of  the  veritable  Star  Spangled  Banner  of 
Fort  McHcnry,  in  thi-s  very  tent,  at  Lafayette's  visit. 

C.  J.  Lt:k.£.v3. 

Patrick. — I  wish  to  know  'whore  my  crrandfather  John  Patrick,  who  died  at  Earre 
in  1807,  aged  68,  was  born,  and  when  his  father  came  to  America.  I  append  a  few 
memoranda  relative  to  the  family. 

From  the  Tomb  Stonrs,  Barre  Cemetery,  Worcester  Co.,  Mass. 

1.  Lieut.  John  Patrick  died  March  6,  1S07,  aged  63  years— [My  Grandfather, 
Bom  1739— Where?] 

2.  Sar;'.h,  wife  of  Lieut  John  Patrick,  died  April  2S,  1799,  aged  61  years. 

3.  Anna  Patrick,  daughter  of  John  and. Sarah  Patrick,  born  May  30,  1771,  died4 
Sept.  177y. 

From  R-"-ords  of  Conrjregatioiial  Church. 

1.  John  Patrick,  son  of  John  Patrick  and  Sarah  bis  wife,  was  born  August  23, 
1766 — [My  Father]. 

2.  Anna  Patrick,  daughter  of  John  and  Sarah  Patrick,  was  born  Feb.  7,  1780. 

From  a  Commission,  note  in  my  possession. 
"The  major  part  of  the  Council  of  the  Ma.st!iachutJetts  Bay,  in  New-England. 

To  John  Patrick,  Gentleman,  You  being  appointed  second  Lieutenant  of  a 
company,  whereof  John  Bowker  i.s  Captain,  raised  by  this  Colony  as  a  temporary 
reinforcement  to  the  American  Army,  whereof  Josiah  Whitney  is  Colouel. 
**♦**#«# 

Given  under  our  hand  and  the  seal  of  the  Colony,  at  Watertown,  the  5  day  of 

of  His  Majesty  King  George  the  Third 
p.  Sec,  and  15  members  of  the  Council. 

On  t'jG  Barre  tombstones  and  church  records  the  name  is  spelled  Partrick.  On 
the  commission,  and  on  ail  papers  that  I  rememljer,  it  is  written,  as  by  my  father — 
Patrick.  In  attempting  to  trace  Lieut.  John  Patrick  (or  Partrick)  from  Barre  to 
his  birth-place,  a  few  years  ai;o,  I  learned  that  the  town  records  of  Barre  were 
burned  in  177.3.  In  17o6  he  was  a  resident  of  Barre,  my  father  having  been  bom 
there  in  that  year.  The  ti-aditiun  of  my  family  is  thatthe'father  of  Lieut.  John  Pat- 
rick came  from  the  north  of  Ireland,  with  a  Scotch-Irish  colony,  in  the  first  quarter 
of  the  last  century  ;  that  he  eventually  settled  about  ten  miles  from  Boston — near 
enough  fur  his  son  (Lieut.  John)  to  haul  wood  to  the  city  in  winter  when  a  boy  ; 
that  his  family  name  was  Kill,  or  Gill  Patrick, — my  mother  having  known  him.  or 
his  brothers,  by  that  name.  This  is  all  the  cl44ft.ican  give  to  our  history  previous  to 
1766.  Anna  Partrick,  referred  to  iu  church  records,  married  Elihu  Beaman,  cf 
Wendell,  as  I  just  remember. 

Memoranda  in  relation  to  the  Family  of  Lieut.  John  Patrick. 
I  think  "  Lieut.  John."  as  he  seems  to  have  been  called,  had  one  or  more  brothers, 
from  the  fact  that  about  iSlS  or  1H19,  my  father  received  a  visit  from  a  cousin, 
whom  he  had,  certainly,  known  in  early  life,  about  his  own  age,  and  verv  strongly 
resembling  him  in  person.  His  name  was,  I  think,  Simon  Patrick,  and  he  resided 
in  New-Hampshire.  I  was  se.  young, — 7  or  8  yearsulJ,— that  1  remember  little  of  the 
conversation.  Reference  was  made  to  the  ancestral  name  of  Kill  Patrick,  tJie  tuily 
of  dropping  it,  as  a  part  of  the  family  still  retained  it.    I  have  never  met  or  heard 


v^ivea  unaer  our  nana  anu  xue  se: 
Feby.  iu  the   16  year  of  the  reigu  of  His  Majesty 'King  George  the' Third,  A'.D. 
1776."    Signed  by  Perez  Morton,  i)e 


1875.]  J^otes  and  Queries.  321 

of  any  of  ouv  kin,  since  that  visit.  «i\vc  tli:it  Elihu  Eonman,  of  Wendell,  visited  us 
about  the  t^an.e  time.  In-  having  nmrrifd  my  I'ltlnr'.s  sister.  I  iniglit  add  that  the 
tradition,  ui-  the  im|ire>sion  made  upon  my  mind  vvus,  tliat  the  fiunily  was  Scutch- 
Irish,  that  t!ie  father  of  "  T.icut.  John  '"  came  to  this  country,  perliaps  in  171S,  with 
that  arrival  nu  the  Itii  xViii^.  of  1-0  families  ;  or  at  stjinc  time  not  far  from  that  (my 
grandfather,  who  wag  born  in  this  country  00  years  only  after  that  date,  certainly 
passed  m.uiy  years  of  hi.--  youtii  within  ten  miles  of  Boston)  ;  that  "  Liont.  John's  " 
lather  wjis  eiiliur  a  t^on,  mphcA'  or  near  kinsman  of  that  Thomas  Kill  (("ill)  Patrick 
•who  came  from  Colrain,  Ireland,  with  9  .sons,  all  of  whom  reart'd  i'amilies,  5  sons 
going  with  their  lather  to  IJid'Iefird,  the  otiiers  remainini^  at  W<,-lls  nnd  other 
rdaccs.  Tliomas  died  in  17-J6  at  Uiddeford,  ai;ed  88.  llis  descendants  are  f  Mind  in 
lar;5e  numheis  in  Lower  Maine  and  New-ilampshire,  bearing  the  names  of  Killpat- 
rick  and  (Jillpatrick ;  others  have  dropped  the  prefix  aud  are  known  by  the  name  of 
Patrick.  M.  K.  Patrick. 

Manlius,  Onondaja  Co.,  ]V.  F. 

[Since  the  above  was  in  type,  we  have  received  a  letter  from  Gen.  Patrick  Ptatini; 
that  he  has  been  infurmed,  since  he  sent  us  his  query,  that  three  brothers,  Matthew, 
John  and  Thomas  Patrick  or  KiUpatriek,  came  to  this  country  in  the  early  part  of 
the  last  cenLUiy  and  settled  in  the  towns  of  Warren  and  Ware. — £d.J 


LrccT.  LioN"  Gardinet:. — Ts  it  known  from  what  part  of  England  Lieut.  Lion 
Gardiner,  who  built  and  commanded  the  fort  at  Saybrook  (he  afterward  purchased 
and  became  the  tirst  proprietor  of  the  manor  of  Gardiner's  Island),  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Col.  George  Teowick,  came  from?  Was  he  an  officer  in  the  English  or 
Ducoh  Army? 

Jamaica.  L.  1.  •  Henry  R.  Osborn. 


Ratner. — Ls  anything  known  about  the  parentage  of  William  Rayner,  or  Reiner, 
•who  maiTied,  Sept.  24,  1658,  Elizabeth,  the  widow  of  Humphrey  Gilbert,  of  Ipswich 
Hamlet  (now  Hamilton)  ?  Inventory  of  his  estate  was  taken  •26th  Oct.,  1672,  by 
Thomas  Fiske  and  Richard  Hutton,  and  administration  was  granted  to  his  widow 
25th  March,  1673  :  i=<i'.e  as  fl  ilwws, — eldest  eon  Thomas  (10  j'ears  old),  Joseph  (5), 
Susanna  (11),  Elizabeth  (1-J),  Hannah  (7), and  Sarah  (1).  'The  widow  soon  after 
married  Henry  Kemball,  and  happily  outliving  him,  took  a  fourth  husband,  Daniel 
Kilham,  senior.  H.  f .  Waters. 

James  Jonxsox,  Joseph  Jewett,  Peter  Oliver,  Nicholas  Willis,  BEyjAMiN 
Smith. — [Copied  from  E^sex  Co.  Court  Papers,  vol.  viii.  fol.  -47,  by  H.  F.  ATaters.] 

The  deposition  of  James  Johnson  Aged  43  ;  or  theire  a  bouts  :  this  17  Sept : 
(62)  sworue  sath  : 

That  in  the  yeare  1650  :  rar  Joseph  Jcwitt  Received  of  m  ;  &  bro  peetter  Oliver  att 
my  house  of  j);irt  of  a  legacy  from  Nicholas  Willis  to  Beniaman  Smith  the  full  and 
just  sum  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  pounds  in  goods  :  and  about  a  yeare  or  two  after 
mr  Jewitt  tould  me  that  he  had  payd  him  all  wanting  seventeine  pounds  and  further 
saith  not. 

The  Rev.  Ediraim  Abrot  [ante,  vol.  xxiv.p.  252]. — In  the  article  referred  to  it  is 
said  :  "  The  Rev.  Ephraim  Abtiot  was  born  in  Newcastle,  Me.,"  &c.,  '"  and  died  in 
Westfield,  Mass."  The  Rev.  Ephraim  Abbot,  of  the  church  in  Greenland,  was  bom 
in  Concord,  N.  H.  ;  son  of  Benjamin,-  son  of  Benjamin,^  an  original  settler.  He 
died  in  Westfonl,  ^fass.  See  notice  of  him  in  Bouton's  Hist,  of  Concord,  N.  H.,  p. 
730.  [In  the  Register  xsvii,  6y  is  a  very  full  sketch  of  the  life  of  the  Rev.  Eph- 
raim Abbot. — Ed.] 

The.Bclkeley  Family  descended  from  the  Rev.  Peter  Bukeley  of  Concord,  ^lass., 
1635,  is  ready  for  publication.  It  will  go  to  press  as  soon  as  a  sufficient  number  of 
subscribers,  at  .<5  a  copy,  are  secured  to  defray  the  expense.  Subscriptions  should 
be  forwarded  at  once  to  the  Rev.  F.  W.  Chapman. 

Rocky  Rill,  Ct. 

TOL.   XXIX.  28- 


322  Is'ecrology  of  ITistoric,  Genealogical  Society.      [July, 


NECROLOGY   OF   THE   NE\V'-EXGLA\D   IIISTOKIC, 
GKNEALOGICAL  SOCIETY. 

Prepared  by  tlic  Rev.  S.vmcel  Cutler,  Historiographer  of  the  Society. 

The  ITon.  Hermw  Fosttr,  ^  life  mcinhcr  of  this  society,  died  at  his  residence  ia 
Mancheriter,  N.  II.,  un  Wednesday  iirternooii,  Feb.  17,  lb75,  aged  74  years  3i 
months. 

He  was  the  seventh  irencration  in  descent  from  Reginald'  Foster,  of  Ipswich, 
through  William,"  ^V'iUi;un,''  J.-liu,-*  Ohadiah,*  and  John.«  For  the  purtic*ilars  of 
his  <reuealoL'y  we  refer  to  "  The  Foster  Family,"  by  Perley  Derby,  of  tialcm,  Mass., 
printed  at  Boston  in  167".?. 

John  Foster,  the  father  of  Herman,  was  born  in  Andover,  March  3,  1770.  He 
married  Mary  Danfbrth.  by  wlioui  he  had  two  children. 

Herman,  tiie  sulijeet  of  our  notice,  was  boru  in  Andover,  Oct.  31,  ISOO.  Hi=? 
mother  died  Nov.  127,  lSO-3,  survived  by  one  daui;hter,  Sabra,  who  married  Dr.  Isaac 
Tewksbury,  of  IJanip,>ti:id,  N.  II.,  Dee.  -'."),  1822.  His  father  subseqnentlv  married, 
1S03,  Mi>s  Lucy  Hii.-tings,  of  llolton,  Ma<s.,  who  died  Sept.  10,  1S42.  By  her  he 
had  six  children.  He  marrieil  for  a  tliird  wife,  Jan.  2."),  1343,  ;\Irs.  Sally  xMorse 
Couch,  of  L  jscawen,  N.  H.     He  died  .-Vpril  13,  1346  ;  his  widow  died  Jan.  '24.  1666. 

Of  his  children,  by  his  second  wife,  three  are  now  living  :  Emily,  the  wife  of 
Ebene/;er  Sargent  Badger,  of  Warner,  N.  II.  ;  John,  a  member  of  this  society, 
formerly  of  the  lirm  of  Foster  &  Taylor,  Boston,  and  now  residing  in  this  city ; 
and  George,  late  senator  of  the  leixiblature  of  New-Hampshire,  and  a  resident  of  Bed- 
ford, N.  H. 

Herman  Foster  in  early  life  fitted  for  college,  but  a  disease  of  the  eyes  compelled 
him  to  abandon  his  cherished  intention.  He  acquired  his  education  at  the  common 
schools,  and  at  tlie  Atkinson  Aeadeiny.  Dartmouth  College,  however,  in  view  of 
his  distinguished  al)ilities  and  i^ositiun,  iu  lb6l  conferred  ^upon  him  the  honorary 
degree  of  A.  M.  For  hi  veral  years  he  wa.s  engaged  in  teaching  school.  He  then 
established  himself  in  a  mercantile  business  in' Boston,  Tlus  pursuit  he  followed 
for  some  years,  and  then,  abandoning  it,  went  to  Warner,  N.  H.,  where  his  ii.ither 
then  lived,  and  began  the  stedy  of  law  in  the  office  of  the  Hon.  Henry  B.  Chase  of 
that  town,  and  was  admirred  to  the  l*ar  iu  lS3!b 

He  married  Nov.  8,  i.'?26,  Harriet  Mary  Ann  Whittemore,  of  "West  Cambridge, 
now  Arlington,  Mass.,  who  still  survives,  and  by  whom  he  had  two  children,  who 
died  in  infancy. 

In  November,  1340,  Mr.  Foster  wont  to  Manchester,  N.  H.,  and  began  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession.  fJrouiug  in  iniluenee  with  the  growth  of  the  city,  he  has  for 
a  generation  maintained  a  higli  jjusitian  as  a  citizen,  a  financier,  a  legislator,  as  well 
as  an  attorney  and  counsellor. 

To  him,  by  the  citizens  of  Manchester,  before  and  since  its  organization  as  a 
city,  have  been  committuil  many  ulfices  of  honor  and  of  responsibility.  He  was  one 
of  its  prominent  men,  and  impre-scd  liis  character  on  many  of  the  institutions  of 
the  city  while  in  the  process  uf  lorination,  and  in  a  manner  to  merit  a  cherished  re- 
membrance. He  was  treasurer  uf  the  town  uf  I^Ianchester  in  1842  and  1643.  He 
was  sent  to  represent  the  city  in  the  ht.uise  of  representatives  of  New-Hampshire, 
in  1845  and  1846  ;  and  again  in  lofW  an.l  lft6!J.  He  was  state  senator  in  1800  and 
1861,  being  president  of  the  seinte  in  InCl.  He  was  solicitor  of  the  city  in  1857. 
In  August,  1862,  he  was  app..intr.l  l.y  President  Lincoln  assessor  of  internal  re- 
venue for  the  second  district  o!  New-Hampshire,  resigning  in  February  of  the  next 
year. 

As  a  financier,  the  good  bidgment  and  ability  of  Mr.  Foster  were  evidenced  in  his 
connection  as  a  trustee,  ami  one  ui  the  inve.»ting  committee  of  the  Manchester  Sav- 
ings Bank,— said  to  l)e  f=ue  uf_  the  best  managed  institutions  of  its  kind  in  the 
country, — from  its  organization  in  l^JG,  to  liis  death  ;  as  treasurer  and  clerk  of  the 
Manchester  Gas  Liglit  Compaiiy  ^\n<e  it.s  organization  in  IS.'jO  ;  as  a  direetor  in  the 
old  Amoskeag  Bank  f^r  uuuiy  yt-.Lrs  ;  f.tr  the  last  three  or  four  years  a  director  of 
the  Amoskeag  National  l'^-"k  ;  and  as  one  r.t  the  first,  directors  ond  clerk  of  the 
Manchester  and  Lawrence  lUurvad.  In  all  these  trusts  he  Mas  diligent,  thoughtful 
and  honest.  ° 


1875.]      2Tecrologi)  of  Historic,  Genealogical  Society.  323 

From  articles  communicatt'l  to  the  Manchester  papers,  by  Jiidiro  Daniol  Clork, 
of  the  oirenit  court,  of  Nt".v-II;iinptihire  ;  and  .IikIlto  CloiiLm,  of  Mancliestor  ;  the 
fnei'ds  nud  co-l;il)t)rcrK  of  Mr.  F'l.-tor,  to  wliirh  f  am  inuebttti  in  preparing  tiiis 
notioc,  I  add  the  tollowin-j;  summary  of  his  character  : 

Mr.  Foster  Avas  in  many  rcspoet.s  a  remarkable  man  IIo  h;id  charaetcristica 
"which  stamned  him  as  an  individual  much  more  deci)ly  and  dt-stinr-tly  than  most 
men.  'While  bolnnginir  to  and  makinij;  one  of  the  i^reat  mass  <jf  individuals  (^f  which 
maukinl  is  oom;io.-ed,  ho  was,  so  to  speak,  more  clearly  and  -sliarply  individualized 
than  most  others.  Tl;erc  was  a  steady  firmness  about  hiru,  coupled  with  a  siuL'^uJar 
diffidence  and  gentleness,  to  such  a  de;i;ree  as  placed  tliese  qualities  sometimes  in 
Btrikinii;  contrast.  His  perceptions  wt-re  distinct  and  accurate;  liLs  intelligence 
wide  and  clear  ;  his  j)urpusc  tirm  ;  his  thoughtsand  actions  independent ;  his  decision 
manifest,  and  his  will  tenacious.  All  his  qualities  were  strong  and  conspicuous. 
Such  was  the  power  of  his  memory,  that  dates,  places,  persons,  facts,  occurrence?, 
what  was  said,  who  said  it,  when  and  where,  though  many  years  ago,  were  engraven 
upon  it,  as  it  were,  upon  a  jilate  of  steel.  IIo  could  quote  fnnu  the  speeches  of 
Burke,  Erskine,  Phillips  and  Webster, — from  the  poetry  and  plays  of  Virgil,  Byrou 
and  ISliak-pearc. 

In  business  he  was  careful,  painstaking  and  methodical,  attending  to  the  minutest 
details,  S'^metimes  seeming  sliiw  and  over  cautious,  yet  so  prompt  and  decided  in 
action  as  to  shut  out  every  idea  of  hesitancy  or  vacillation.  Deliberation  iu  him 
was  coupled  with  strcnicth. 

In  his  profession,  as  an  attorney,  he  was  active  and  vigilant,  qualities  whi(;h  in 
the  law  practice  that  exi.-ted  prior  to  the  coming  in  of  the  bankrupt  act  were  among 
the  most  useful  and  suoces-ful.  No  business  matter  entrusted  to  him  waa  ever 
neglected.  ^loncy  collected  fur  his  clients  was  always  read\-  for  them.  As  a  couu- 
sellor  he  fonaci  his  opinions  upon  careful  study  and  examination,  and  they  were 
gonerrily  correct  ard  reli.ilih'.  In  tlie  preparation  of  a  case  he  was  thorough.  He 
■was  Seldom  caught  unpicpared.  Towards  his  brethren  in  his  profession  he  waa 
courteous,  affable,  true  ana  polite,  and  he  commanded  the  respect  of  all  who  knew 
him. 

As  a  politician  he  was  not  a  partisan  in  any  sense.  He  had  none  of  the  baseness, 
unfairness,  or  intolerance  of  a  partisan  ;  but  he  was  a  strict  party  man,  liberal  and 
frank,  cons^tent  liud  reliable.  He  believed  in  independence  of  thought  and  action  ; 
he  hated  seiTility. 

As  a  man  he  was  honest  and  upright.  He  loved  truth,  hated  dissimulation,  and 
never  misled  by  misrepresentation  or  deceitful  acts  or  appearances.  As  a  citizen  he 
■was  always  the  friend  of  goo<l  order  ;  willing  to  bear  a  just  fhare  of  the  burdens  of 
society,  ready  to  respond  to  its  requirements,  and  always  benevolent  and  kind.  As  a 
friend  he  was  sincere  and  true.  In  religion  he  was  an  Unitarian,  and  was  one  of 
the  founders  and  most  liberal  supporters  of  that  church  in  Manchester.  His  theory 
and  practice  were  founded  on  the  Gospels.  He  was  benevolent,  charitable  and 
tolerant. 

To  this  summary  of  character  I  add,  a,s  a  suitable  conc'.usion  to  this  paper,  the 
testimony  of  one  who  has  known  and  loved  him  as  a  brother.  In  a  note  in  answer 
to  some  inquiries  he  says  :  "Of  the  hrst  half  of  my  brother's  life  I  know  but  little, 
as  during  that  period  I  was  young,  and  he  lived  most  of  the  time  in  Mass;\chusetts. 
That  he  may  have  maile  some  mistakes  is  not  unlikely ;  few  have  lived  who  have  not 
done  80.  But  for  nearly  forty  years  of  his  life  I  can  speak  from  personal  knowledge  ; 
and  during  that  period  he  has  been  entirely  correct;  upward  and  onward  in  good- 
ness, high  toned,  straight  forward,  s^juare  and  upright,  gentle  and  kind  as  a  loving 
mother,  ever  ready  to  join  in  a  helping  hand,  in  liberal  measure,  to  our  le>s  for- 
tunate brothers  and  sisters,  and  in  other  directions  when  duty  called.  In  his  life 
there  is  so  much  of  good,  beautiful  consoling  memories  that  I  cannot  think  of  him. 
in  sadness." 

He  was  admitted  a  member  Dec.  30,  1871. 

The  Hon.  Xathan  Sargent,  a  corresponding  member  of  the  society,  died  in 
Washington,  D.  C,  Feb.  2,  IS75,  aged  SO  years  9  mos.  He  was  born  in  Putney, 
Vt.,  May  5,  1791.  He  married,  Feb.  14,  ISOl,  Mrs.  Rosina  Lewis,  mie  .Miss  Hodg- 
kinson,  born  in  Boston  Oct.  15,  17!H,  by  whom  he  had  four  children.  His  widow, 
and  a  widowed  daughter,  the  relict  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Olds,  formerly  of  Christ  P.  E. 
Church,  Washington,  survive  him. 

Mr.  Siargent  is  a  des<"tndant,  in  the  sixth  generation,  from  :  William}  and  Sarah 
iSar^£7i^,  of  Maiden,  Mass.,  through  John-  who  married  Lydia  Chipman;  Jona- 


324  Kecrology  of  Historic ,  Genealogical  Society.       [July, 

thanj'  born  in  MaMen,  April  17,  ir.77,  an>l  Mary  Spmirae  ;  A'aMan'  born _  in  Mai- 
den, Aiiir.  27,  1713,  t,Kxn-i.;d  Mary  Donny,  and  moved  to  I^eicest^r,  .Nh«i».,  in  1/41  ; 
Samuel,'  born  in  Loiot-t.r.  Jan.  7,  1751.  lio  married  Mary  W  :'shburn,  daii-b- 
ter  of  Soth  Washburn,  of  Leicester,  Oct.  U,  1761,  and  had  eleven  children, 
of  whom  Natlian,  the  fiu^'iect  of  our  notice,  was  the  ^seventh.  *  1  ive  children  were 
born  in  Leicester.     In  l7'J-3  they  moved  to  Putney,  Vt.  .,     tj       tvi  •.        r 

After  an  a.'ad.  uiir  eJucation,  Mr.  Sar-ent  studied  law  with  Judgo  White,  of 
Putnev,andiu  his  tw.-uty-third  year  removed  to  Cahawba,  Alabama,  where  he 
be^^an'the  practice  of  his  piulcsslon.  Afterward  he  was  appointed  judge  ot  the 
county  court,  also  of  the  probate  court,  uiliccs  wluch  he  held,  lor  many  years,  with 
dignity  and  honor.  ,  r     xi_    t_     i^i     c  i.- 

About  the  year  ISCG,  finding  a  change  of  climate  necessary  for  the  health  ot  him- 
self and  his  family,  he  removed  to  IJutValo,  N.  Y.,  where  he  continued  the  practice 
of  his  profession  until  \<V) ;  when  he  removed  to  Pliiladelphia,  Penu.,  and  started 
a  paper  in  the  interest  of  the  whig  party.  As  a  politician  Mr.  bargent  was  an  ardent 
whi'^  durin.-  the  existence  of  tliat  party.  On  the  organization  ot  the  repubhcau 
party  he  espoused  its  cause  with  ardor,  lie  wasawarta  supporter  ot  the  administra- 
■tion  ot  Abraham  Lincoln.  ,      __    ,  .  ,     . 

Asa  journalist  Mr.  Sargent  was  well  known  as  the  Washington  correspondent 
of  the  United  States  Ga/cctc,  of  Philadelphia,  under  the  mm  dc  plume  ol  Oliver 
Oldschool.  He  also  wrote  for  other  papers  in  the  north.  His  ready  pen  and  gen- 
tlemanly bearing  geined  for  him  a  wide  reputation.  His  knowledge  of  men  and 
thin'^s  at  \\  ashin°ton  caused  his  letters  to  be  read  with  avidity.  _ 

In  1849,  he  wa.s  elected  sergeant  at  arms  to  the  house  of  representatives  at  \\  ash- 
in'^ton,  under  Tavlor  and  Fillmore's  administrations.  Subsequently  he  was  ap- 
pom ted  register  of  the  treasury,  which  he  iilled  a  number  of  years.  In  IHGl,  he 
was  appr'inteQ  to  the  utEce  uf  commissioner  of  customs,  and  held  it  until  the  sum- 
mer uf  1871,  when  he  re^irigned.  I  al-o  find  his  name,  but  without  date,  as  register 
general  of  the  United  States  Land  (Mlice.  ,    :_    ,  .  , 

Judge  Sargent  took  a  great  interest  in  the  Reform  School  at  Washington,  and  was 
its  president^for  many  years,  up  to  the  time  (^f  his  death. 

Since  1871,  Jud"-e  Sarirent  has  been  en-aged  in  writing  a  history  of  public  men 
and  events  from  is"j5  to  l^JO.  including  Webster,  Clay,  Calhoun,  and  others  This 
is  the  last  work  of  his  pen.  It  is  Just  publishcil  by  the  Lippmcotts,  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  dedicated  to  the  enlightened  representatives  of  the  American  press,  of 
whose  number  he  was  proud  to  be  ranked  as  a  member.  ... 

In  his  private  character,  and  in  the  hiltilmcnt  of  his  public  trusts,  it  is  the  te.sti- 
mony  of  those  who  knew  and  iovcd  him,  that  he  stood  above  suspicion  of  pecula- 
tion and  wrong.  "  While  surrounded  with  so  much  temptation,  his  hands  never 
were  stained  with  unearned  money."     "  As  an  officer  of  the  government,  the  public 

•voice  pronounced  him  „  .  .  ,  ,   ^      ,_,   , 

«  Honest,  Faithful,  Capable.' 

■"  J  Tst  and  impartial  in  all  his  official  duties,  immovable  in  his  integrity,  and  in 

themidst  of  corruption,  incorruptible."  ,,,!.■, 

"  The  nation  has  lost  in  him  a  faithful  servant,  and  his  family  a  devoted  nusband 

and  father."  , ,  ,       ,  ,     -  l       -r       -l 

How  "rand,  in  a  national  aspect,  would  be  the  record  of  our  country  it  such  a 
memorial  could  be  honestly  made  uf  all  our  public  servants.  Be  it  ours,  as  a  socie- 
ty to  cherish  the  memory  of  those  who,  from  our  number,  are  entitled  to  such  a 
record  ;  for  thus  we  may  exert  an  influence  for  good  on  those  who  are  or  who  may 
"be  called  to  positions,  legislative,  judicial,  or  executive  in  the  state  or  nation  ;  or  to 
.^  standing-  in  the  world  of  letters  where  from  the  platform  and  the  press  they  may 
help  onward  the  reign  of  truth  an-i  rigliteousness. 
He  was  admitted  to  this  society  Fob.  11,  1S51. 

Prepared  by  the  Rev.  Dobcs  Clakke,  D.D.,  late  Historiograplier  of  the  Society. 
The  Hon.  John  Rometn  Bkodiifad,  LL.D.,  a  corresponding  member,  was  the-son 
of  the  Rev.  Jacob  BrLKlhead,  D.D-.a  di-tingnished  clergyman  of  the  Reformed 
l)utch  Church  and  was  ^-rn  in  Philadclptiia,  Jan.  2,  1814,  and  died  in  New-York, 
May  6  1873.  '  He  was  descended  fn.m  an  old  New- York  family,  the  ancestor  of 
which  '  Captain  Daniel  Brodhead,  of  Y'orkshire,  England,  was  an  officer  in  the 

*  See  Genealogy  of  the  Sarjcnt  Family,  by  Aaron  Sargent  (Boston,  18o8),  for  further 
genealogical  data. 


1875,]       JVecroIor/i/  of  Historic^  Genealof/iccd  Society,  325 

English  expedition  against  the  New  Netherlands  in  lGO-1,  and  settled  in  Ulster 
County  in  10(i'>.  . 

TliL-'^ut.ject  of  this  notice  graduated  at  Fiitgcrs  College  in  1S31,  and  was  admit- 
ted to  the  Ir.u-  in  18:;').  Alci-r  (jraotifing  tliis  pruh-s-^inu  two  years,  liiri  tastes  inclin- 
ing him  to  literary  jiursuits,  lie  gave  liiuiself  up  to  the  stufly  of  American  hi-tory. 
In  IbOy,  ho  wet\t  to  Holland,  and  was  attached  to  tlie  Unit«,-il  Stnte.s  Legation  at  the 
Hague.  liere,  he  projected  the  writing  ot  ii  hittory  of  New-Vork.  Wliiie  here 
lie  was  ajioointr'd,  by  Ciov.  Sewtird,  agent  to  procure  and  transcrihe  origiiial 
docununts  relative  to' the  colonial  history  of  New-Vork,  and  ol>tain  such  addiiinnal 
historical  rec..rdn  ae  should  render  tlieareliiveb  uf  New-York  as  cuniplete  as  nos^ilile. 
The  three  foll.iwing  years  were  spent  by  him  in  searching  the  archives  of  Jlolland, 
England  and  France,  whicli  were  lil>crally  opened  lor  his  examination.  The  result; 
was  a  vast  collection  of  iiistorical  documents,  many  of  wliich  had  never  been  knovyn 
to  the  historian.  Comprising  a  large  part  of  the  ollicial  correspondence  of  the  colonial 
autliorities  of  New-York  with  the  government  nt  h<jme.  In  1^11,  he  returned  to 
Amcri."a,and  was  immediateiv  invited  by  thcNew-Y'urk  Ilistorieal Society  to  deliver 
the  adtlress  on  its  fortieth nnniVersary,  Nov.  xJO,  lb  14.  In  IS IG,  he  wascommissioned 
Secretary  of  the  U.  S.  Legation  at  London,  whieii  positi>;/n  he  held  until  ISW,  wIkmi, 
on  returning  to  New-York,  he  applied  himself  diligently  to  tlie  execution  of  hi.s 
history  of  New-York.  Thefirs^t  volume  of  this  work'was  [>ubl!shed  in  1853,  and  the 
second  in  1S71.  In  185.3,  he  was  appointed  naval  officer  of  tlie  port  and  district  of 
New-York,  which  (.(iK-e  he  held  until  1857.  lie  was  an  active  and  elEeieut  member 
of  the  Ncw-YVirk  Historical  Sfocit-ty. 

lie  was  admitted  a  member  of  this  society  Oct.  6,  1S5L 

"DANTEr.  Dexxt,  Esq.,  a  life  member,  died  in  Boston,  Mass.,  February  9,  1872,  in 
his  80th  year. 

He  was  the  pon  of  Daniel  and  Nancy  (Watson)  Denny,  and  was  born  in  Leicester, 
Mass..  NoveiLber  6,  1791.  He  was 'a  descendant  in  the  fourth  generation  from 
Daniel^  Denny,  who  with  his  brother  Samuel^  and  his  sister  Deborah^  afterward  wife 
of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Prince,  came  to  New-England  from  Coombs,  Eng.,  the  descent 
bein^  Daniel'^  and  wife  llebekah  ;  Samnel^-h.  May  20,  1731,  and  wife  Elizabeth 
Henshaw  ;  Dantd.^  his  father,  above-named,  b.  Aug.  6,  1758,  wlio  married  Nancy 
dan.  of  Matthew  \Yatson. 

His  early  business  daj-s  were  passed  in  the  importing  house  of  Tuckerman,  Rogers, 
and  Cnshing,  in  Boston.  Leaving  them  he  became  a  merciiant  on  his  own  account, 
and  for  a  half  century  or  more  no  name  has  been  better  known  than  his  as  that  <)! 
one  of  acknowledged  integrity,  enterprise  and  gentlemanly  kindliness  and_  courtesy. 
To  the  clear  headVere  united  the  firmest  and  truest  principles  and  the  friendly  and 
loving  heart.  Outside  of  his  immediate  vocation,  he  filled  several  offices  of  respon- 
sibiliTy.  He  was  the  oldest  railroad  director  in  the  L'nitcd  States,  havin';- 
continuously  served  on  the  board  of  the  Boston  and  Worcestor  corporation  from  the 
out.<et  of  tliat  pioneer  company.  He  was,  at  the  time  of  his  death,  president  of^the 
Hamilton  National  Bank,  and  though  he  retired  from  tie  firm  of  Denny,  Kice  &  Co., 
in  January,  1871,  he  by  no  means  retired  from  t!ie  activities  of  the  Exchange.  Long 
a  prominent  citizen  of  Dorchester,  now  tlie  sixteenth  ward  of  Boston,  the  First 
Church  in  that  town  always  found  him  a  generous  member  ;  his  assured  christian 
faith  showed  itself  incessantly  and  in  various  ways  bearing  the  fruits  of  righteousness. 
During  the  waj  no  one  was  more  ready  than  he  to  exhibit  a  practical  loyalty,  tliat 
never  refused  to  open  its  purse  or  show  its  personal  interest  in  the  cause  of  the  union 
and  the  welfare  of  the  soldier  ;  and  there  are  many  young  men  and  others  to  testily  to 
the  readiness  of  his  sympathy  and  the  helpfulness  of  his  hand,  when  they  needed 
counsel  or  material  aid. 

He  was  admitted  to  the  society  May  7,  1869. 

An'Son'  Parker  Hooker,  M.D.,  a  resident  member,  was  born  in  East  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  Sept.  29,  1829,  and  died  of  typhoid  fever  in  that  place  Dec.  31,  1873,  at 
the  a:,'e  ot  41  years.  He  was  the  son  of  Dr.  Anson  Hooker,  who  was  the  eon  of 
Dr.  William  Hooker  of  \\''esthara!iton,  ]\Iass.  A  taste  for  the  medical  profession 
was  thus  perpetuated  in  the  family  through  three generatioas.  The  family  descend- 
ed from  the  Rev  Tliomas  Hooker,  the  first  minister  uf  Hartford,  Conn.  Dr.  An.son  P. 
Hooker's  mother  was  Elizabeth  Parker,  daugliter  of  Samuel  and  Hannah  Crocker 
Parker,  of  P'ast  Cambridge.  The  mother  of  Hannah  Crocker  was  ^Mrs.  Hannah 
Mather  Crocker,  author  of  "  Observations  un  the  Ri:;htc?  of  Woman"  and  other 
works,  who  with  her  husl)and  and  children  was  entombed  in  the  cemetery  on  Copp's 

VOL.  XXIX.  28* 


326  Necrologi)  of  Historic,  Genealorjiccd  Society.       [July, 

Hill,  Boston.  lie  rcnoiveil  his  early  eduontion  in  the  pch'^ols  of  Cambridgi-!,  -was  gra- 
duated at  Harvard  (.VillcL'c  in  the  class  of  Itt.M,  and  at  tlio  Harvard  Medical  Sch.j  il  in 
18;)5.  He  practi^-ed  his  pmlcssion  in  tlie  jiliU'e  of  his  nativity,  and  in  the  adjoifiin;; 
towns,  and  upon  tlio  death  of  hi.s  fatlh.T,  he  succeeded  to  his  large  and  lucrative 
business.  lu  16GI,  he  was  connuissioned  Sur;;;<;on  of  the  'Jfith  Massachusetts  Kcq- 
nient,  and  served  wi:!i  that  llei^inient  in  tin'  Department  of  the  Gulf  till  June,  l-.U-J, 
when  ill  health  compcllid  him  to  rcsiirn,  and  in  loG.'i  was  appointed  by  (Juv.  Amlrew 
Assistant  Sun^'eon  (.i.ucral  of  Massachusetts.  He  contiiuicd  in  that  ofiice.  and  upon 
tlicstatfdof  Governoid  Bullock  and  Clallin,  was  re-ap[)ointed  hy  Gov.  \Va*hhiirn, 
and  held  that  oflice  at  tlie  time  of  his  death.  He  also  lield  several  civil  ofii<:cs  in  the 
city  government  of  Caiuhridiic,  and  for  two  ycara  he  was  a  reprericntative  lu  the 
legislature  of  this  Cnmuionwcalth. 

Dr.  Hooker  was  amoui;  the  luorc  distinguished  physicians  and  eurgeon.4  of  thi.s 
metropolis  and  vicinity,  and  was  rapidly  rising  in  his  profession  wlien  death  arrested 
his  useful  career. 

He  was  married  in  September,  l^Gl,  to  Miss  Rebecca  Pitman  Boies,  youngest 
daughter  of  the  Hon.  Patrick  IJoics,  of  West  field,  Mass.,  one  of  the  most  emi- 
nent barristers  in  western  Massachusetts.  Dr.  Hooker  had  three  children,  two  of 
■whom  died  in  infancy,  and  the  other,  a  d.iughter  of  eight  years  of  age,  still  lives. 

He  vras  admitted  to  the  society  Oct.  27,  1608. 

^  J0NATIL4N  TowNE,  E>^q.,  a  resident  member,  the  father  of  Wm.  B.  Towne,  A.M., 
vice-president  of  this  society  for  New-Hampshire,  was  born  at  Amherst,  N.  H.,  iu 
that  part  of  the  town  now  included  in  Milfurd,  Aug.  6,  17d-l,  and  died  of  paralyses 
in  the  house  iu  which  he  was  born,  Feb.  10,  1S74,  consequently  at  the  very  advanced 
age  of  S'.J  years.  At  the  time  of  his  deatli  he  was  the  oldest' citizen  of  Mil'ord. 
Tiae  family  is  quite  distinguished  for  longevity.  Mr.  Townc'e  father,  Jonathan 
!3owni  (2s'o.  211  iu  '!'.;wne  O'cnealoiry,  nide  sxi.  222)  died  in  1S42  at  the  age  of  *i^) 
years — the  ver>  age  of  the  subject  of  the  ijresent  memoir.  He  too  died  in  the  house  in 
which  his  son  died.  He  had  a  brother  wh.j  lived  to  be  more  than  90  years  of  age. 
Jonathan^  Towne  bad  three  children,  namely  ;  Jonathan,-  who  died  as  stated,  Feb. 
10,  .1874.  David.-  a  resident  of  Claremont,  N.  H.,  who  died  in  his  86th  year,  and 
Mary,"  who  resides  in  the  old  homestead  in  her  80th  year.  Jonathan-  Towne  and 
Mary  (iBlanohard)  Towne,  his  wife,  had  ten  cliildren,  of  whom  eight  are  still  living, — 
two  of  whi.)m  are,  \\  m.  B.  Towne,  Ksq.,  long  connected  with  this  society,  and 
President  of  the  Souheg^ui  National  Bank,  of  Miltord,  N.  H.,  and  John  P.  'i'owne, 
Esq.,  aprcminent  lawyer  in  Wiscunsin.  iMr.  Towne,  in  early  life,  resided  witii  hi.s 
uncle,  Mr.  William  Blanchard,  a  trader  in  Wilmington,  Mass.  ;  but  afterward 
he  bought  a  farm  in  Bow,  N.  11.,  and  worked  on  his  farm  in  the  summer  and  taught 
school  in  the  winter,  and  hence  he  was  often  called  "  .Master  Towne."  In  1830  he 
removed  to  Milford,  N.  11.,  and  remained  tliere  during  the  residue  of  hie  life.  He 
was  an  active  member  of  the  Baptist  clmrch  in  Milford,  for  forty-four  years.  Ha 
■was  an  honorable  man,  a  wise  coun.self)r,  aud  a  highly  r  .spected  citizen.  He  was  a 
great  reader,  and  voted  at  every  election.  He  was  firs^  a  federalist,  then  a  whig, 
then  a  republican.  He  was  also  a  tempcranee  man.  A  few  days  before  his  death, 
his  physician  prescribed  some  stimulant.  He  took  the  prescription  once,  but  tiie 
second  time  he  said,  '■  I  had  rather  not  take  it.  I  have  been  a  temperance  man  f  jr 
ninety  years." 

Mr.  Towne  married  Mi.ss  Clarissa  Hoyt,  daughter  of  Capt.  John  Hoyt,  of  Con- 
cord, N.  H.  She  was  born  Feb.  12,  17!J0,  and  was  81  years 'of  age  on  the  day  of  her 
husband's  funeral.  She  is  a  woman  of  remarkable  vigor  of  constitution,  of  sound 
judgment,  and  still  manages  her  houseiiold  atKiirs  with  the  energy  of  her  earlier  days. 

At  the  funeral  of  Mr.  Towne  two  l)"autitul  sheaves  of  grain  crossing  each  other, 
were  laid  upon  the  casket,  surrounded  by  the  words,  "  We  mourn  not  the  gathered 
grain." 

He  was  admitted  to  this  society  Dec,  4,  1871. 

[Prepared  by  the  Hon.  Lewis  II.  Stf.iner,  M.D.,  Frederick,  Md,] 

Ralph  Dunnixg  Smith,  son  of  Richard  and  Lovine  (Hehert)  Smith,  was  born 
inSouthbury,  Conn.,  October  28,  IBOl.  On  the  fatherV,  side  he  was  a  descendant 
of  John  Smith,  who  with  his  wife  Grace  came  to  Milford  about  1640.  His  mother 
was  a  daughter  of  Ebenezer  Hebert,  of  Wyoming,  Pa.,  and  was  born  in  Eastou, 
Pa.,  during  the  flight  of  her  mother  from  t!ie  great  massacre  at  ^V''yoming. 

He  vras  fitted  for  college  at  the  Weston  (now  Eoston)  academy,  under^the  super- 


1875.]       Xecrology  of  Uistovic,  CkncaJogical  Society.  327 

■  intendence  of  its  principal,  John  Ilirnni  Lathrop,  LL.B.  lie  graduated  at  Yale  in 
18--.'7  in  a  cla>s.,)t  whiJi  the  Kcv.  Dr.  Horace  ]{u«hndl.  N.  P.  VVHIis,  Jud^T-  Honi-y 
IJo-ebouiu,  theKuv.  Dr.  Wm.  A.l.uius,  th«  Rev.  Dr.  Theroii  Italdwin  and  ocher/ 
wnut-e  uamca  have  attained  a  national  re])utati(jn,  were  honored  meinher.s. 

Altei-  the  completiun  of  his  coUc-iato  course  lie  adopted  tin;  prole.'^t.iou' of  law  a.s 
the  pursuit  iKo.-:  oon-rc'nial  to  his  tastes,  and  prosecuted  his  studit-ri  under  the  direc- 
tiou  ot  tue  Hon.  bhvard  Ilinman,  of  Southbury,  and  Hcman  Bireh,  Em  of  B-ook- 
licld,  completing  his,  coui-e  ol  preparation  in  the  law  school  attached  to  Yale  Coile-^e 
then  under  the  care  of  Ji.d-es  Da<;-ett  and  liitcheock.  He  was  admitted  to  the  irnr 
at  i\eu  -Haven  in  I8:i  1 ,  and  in  xXovcmher  of  the  eaiue  year  located  in  tiuilford.  Conn 
where  he  bj)ent  the  remainder  of  his  life.  '' 

Uuring  the  proi>ationary  period,  through  wliieh  every  youn;-  professional  man 
inust  pa^s,  he  (occupied  liniisclf  lor  borne  years  in  teaching  a  select  school  in  the 
placeot  his  adoption,  at  which  some  of  the  most  prominent  men  of  his  state  were 
prepared  for  coUfiie. 

He  married,  October  13,  1837,  Rachel  Stone  Seward,  daughter  of  Amos  Seward 
of  Guilford    who  is  lelt  to  mourn  hi.s  loss.     They  had  four  children,  viz.  •  Sarah 
Spencer,  who  married  Dr.  Lewis  H.  Steiner,  of  Frederick  city,  Md.  •  Marv  D     who 
died  when  only  two  years  of  a,-e  ;   Weaker  Hebert  (Y.  C.  lf^G3},  died  Nov.  ii?  "icGS  • 
and  Kichard  Edward  ( Y.  C.  1.^6),  died  December  18,  1868.  '  ' 

In  January  1.^44,  he  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Probate  Court,  which  office  he 
heduntil  July  4,_1.50,lillin.r  the  duties  Cf  the  office  with  great  skill,  care  and 
judgment  In  IboJ  he  was  elected  a  representative  of  the  tov^u  of  Guilford  in  the 
Gtneral  Assembly  ot  Connecticut,  and  during  its  sessions  acted  as  chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Juuiciary,  and  as  a  member  of  other  important  Committees 
i\..^l'''u'^  ''^  ^'J^'J'*-'  V^«  engiiged  in  chartering,  constructing  and  conductin'' 
the  .New-Haven  and  .\Lnv-London  Ka.lr.ad,  and  the  New-London  and  Stonin 'toS 
L  ulroad,  pevtorming  sevral  years  of  severe  and  continuous  labor  as  Secret'arv 
Ireasurer,  Duector  and  Attorney  in  originating  and  building  these  roads,  and  in  the 
subsequent  management  thereof."  °  °  =         ^  i  jaus,  auu  la  lue 

Prior  to  during  and  sub.-^e.iuent  to,  his  labors  in  connection  with  these  railroads 
Judge  Smith  was  actively  engaged  in  the  duties  of  his  profession,  acquiring-  a  well 
Sh  fThi  '?  '•'•"  !'""^^-^  office-lawyer  and  a  sound  ^racJitione",  dibtin- 
f  iff^rl^'-  f'^.^'-'^^^'^'-itious  devotion  to  the  interests  of  his  clients  and  for  his 
hts  tation  in  taking  chaige  of  a  case  until  he  was  absolutely  satisfied  of  its  iu^tnes^ 
Judge  Munson,  of  Seymour,  spoke  of  him,  at  the  bar-meeting  called  in  honir^of  his 
memory,  a.  one  who  kn.w  the  law  better  than  any  lawvcr  within  the  acquaLtance 
of  the  speaker  -as  a  walking  text-book,  who  only  needed  to  be  reminded  of  ?he 
principle  involved  in  a  case  to  tell  at  once  its  name ''  and  to  give  a  reT.aWe  op  n  on 
of  the  .^|me.  Another  colleague,  at  the  same  meeting,  %poke  of  h  m  -  as  2 
thoroughly  honest  lawyer,  preparing  his  cases  with  great  care  and  never  employ  n^ 
?nH  If"°  ?h' "='^"T'  "r'"=  qnestionable  efforts  to^secure  a  result  in  hirSi- 
andof-  the  geiualquahtas  which  made  his  counsel  and  pleasant  words  o-odeeo 
KiwarlR%"':,'  the  young  .as  well  as  the  old."  Resolutions  olfrredbvJud'? 
ie^ting  ''""'' ''"'^''°'  *^'  '^'^^Se  Smith,  were  adopted  by  the  £ime 

ear^ne'rii^l'^lelv'e'xtf!  '?hv'f  f  ^  '"1  '^'-''''''  "^^  ^"*«  «^«-^«^  P^^^^^^^^i^^  ^^^h  an 
vS^the  fil hhfof  el.  .  nM  r  ^  \  ^^'^f  "^  practitioners,  he  still  found  time  to  culti- 
Ilestmkd  t  lldT;"  ;  ."'''  ^>T'^^  biography,  and  genealogical  research. 

love  o4he  Wmtiill -^r^^^  ^  '''*  ^^""^  '^"^'^  only  "spring  ti-om  a  genuine 

En^Ibh  Doefr^-  whlh  i.  f-  "'^^.^^^OO^  ^^as  richly  stored  with  the  choicest 
He  took  rrea?nle™r  1.^  T'^^^^^^  ^*^f  <=«"^°^^"d  wheneverneeded  for  illustration. 
SLd  enaMed  hinf  rn  nr  ,  "^  "''  *'^^^l,^-^°^er>can  history,  and  his  calm,  unprejudiced 
motivefo  ti  ,  wf.o  hul  r'"'"  "<^'-^^^'l'"Sly  .accurate  judgments  upon  the  lives  and 
Sr  iS-xreh  S  h  n  ^/'^^-^'^^^'T:'-^  '''^^\  Prominently  uponlheir  pages.  But  his  love 
b^oi-^Xwh^h  orS  r\'l''-"'''°'^^'  ^H  "^Y""'^  '"'''''^  ^^'-^  "o'l^s  of  history  and 
Kn'noticS  \ni  M  'J';  "'''k"P"^  ''"^^'"'^^  ''''''  "^  the  habit  of  passing 
Dy  unnoticed.     And  thus  lie  was  brought  into  the  fields  of  rrenealo^rical  research  bv 

exSelf  Jf"hlf'^a^  it'fct'rV  1  ^^-•^'  ^---^  .^.^  ^und  fn"  atpi"  copl" or' th^e 
exercLe  01  ms  x  a..it^  of  careful  research  and  untirinn-  labor. 

Shortiyafcer  his  location  at  Guilford  he  was  attracted  bv  the  rich  materials  for 
t^i'^^^t^r''^  hLstorv  and  beginning  with  a  ^aretuUtud'oHtf  af^ 
recoias  from  1639  he  found  the  field  of  his  investigation  becomin-  wider  and  wi-'-r 
aa  h«  untiring  spirit  zealously  pursued  its  labors.  =01d  records,  oTd  tomb-tone'a^4 
monomenta  were  fiivonte  subjects  for  study.-indeed  everything  that  (S^^uS  duci! 


328  Societies  and  their  Proceedings.  [July, 

date  its  history  became  of  Pi>ecial  interest  to  the  enthusiastic  student.  Necessarily 
his  investigations  took  a  still  more  and  muro  extensive  raniro  until  everylliiiiL;  cun- 
necte'l  with  the  i:en(';'>liiL;;yi)r.\cvv-I'iii;hini.l  lieoame  uUractive  to  his  inquirini,' s))irit, 
and  hid  shelves  beu;an  to  iill  up  witli  iiooks  dovutcd  to  local  and  family  liistory,  wiiilc 
his  manuscript  C'lilectioiis  increaAed  until  they  became  mines  of  wealth  to  younger 
invegtigators. 

Another  subj'Vt  of  Fpecial  interest  was  t!ic  bioj^raphy  of  the  early  {^aduates  of 
Yale  Cu!i»'uc'.  To  tliis  lie  d.  votrd  hinisclf  with  <{reat  care  and  paiidul  assiduity,  aud 
completed  a  series  of  skctrhcs  ui  tin;  lives  of  the  same  extending  from  the  iirbt  gra- 
duate down  to  the  claims  of  17(i7  iucliibive. 

His  manusorijits  arc  very  voluminous,  comprising  :  (J)  A  eketch  of  tlie  history  of 
Guilford  with  the  genealogy  of  its  [trincipal  families.  This  would  proha!)ly  make 
two  volumes  of  some  ()()(»  jiages  ;  ("J)  A  Biographical  Record  of  the  Class  of  1»J7, 
Yale  Colh'ge,  consisting  of  full  and  accurate  sketi'lies  of  the  lives  of  all  its  members  ; 
(3)  The  BiographicarSkftehcs  of  Yale  Graduates  from  1702 — 17G7  ;  (4)  A  cata- 
logue of  the  Connecticut  Klecfion  Sermons  ;  (5)  Fragmentary  sketches  of  the  early 
history  of  the  First  and  Fourth  Congregational  bucieties  of  Guilford,  &c.  itc.  &C. 
Some  of  these  may  here;, Iter  be  put  in  a  more  permanent  form  should  the  way  be 
opened  for  their  publication. 

Judge  Smith  was  a  modest,  retiring  man,  avoiding  as  far  as  possible  public  life, 
but  delighting  in  the  company  of  his  friends,  the  gonial  attractions  of  his  literary 
and  prolessional  studies,  and  in  imparting  informatiun  from  his  richly-stored  memory 
to  any  seeker  after  knowledge.  Indeed  no  one  ever  approached  him  with  an  a'.ipfal 
for  aid  or  assistance,  wh(;tlier  pecuniary,  prolessional  or  literary,  without  obtaining 
the  same  if  it  were  in  his  po\v»-r  to  furnish  it.  The  results  of  his  ^emological  labors 
he  delighted  t  >  impart  t  >  cvciy  iuiiuirur,  aud  was  always  very  happy  when  he 
could  aid  a  brother  genealogist  in  his  researches.  A  fellow-laborer  writes  that  he 
was  the  most  generous  man  with  his  collections  he  ever  met,  or  that  he  could 
iMAGiNi;  to  isisL.  And  mother  closes  a  warm  eulogy  with  the  statement  that  he 
"  has  not  left  behind  him  any  one  so  conversant  with  the  general  family  history  of 
the  State." 

He  was  a  Congregatio'nalist  from  clioicc  and  conviction,  and  attached  to  the  First 
Church  of  Guilford,  but  his  religion  was  of  that  catholic  nature  which  recognizes 
those,  of  whatever  name,  v,ho  love  Jesus  Christ,  as  brethren.  The  los-s  of  his  sons, 
shortly  after  they  had  graduated  with  diBtinction,  and  when  careers  of  great 
usefulness  were  seemingly  before  them,  for  a  while  detached  him  from  his  favorite 
pursuits,  but  as  grandchildren  grew  uj)  around  him  he  learned  to  sympathize  in  all 
their  joys  and  sports,  and  he  again  resumed  his  former  studies  with  some  of  the 
ardor  he  had  shown  in  earlier  flays. 

During  the  spring  and  summer  of  1871,  however,  he  gradually  laid  by  his  favorite 
pursuits,  and  seemed  to  suiier  liom  symi)toms  of  the  painful  disease  which  finally 
terminated  his  earthly  labors  on  tlie  lltli  of  September.  On  the  loth  his  funeral 
■was  attended  by  a  large  Concourse  of  his  fellow-townsmen,  who  felt  that  they  had 
lost  their  most  important  citi;£en,  and  by  many  friends  a  ^d  professional  brethren 
who  had  come  from  a  distance  to  show  resi)eet  to  !i is  memory.  The  Flev.  Leouai-d 
Bacon,  D.D.,  an  old  and  valued  friend,  pronounced  the  funeral  discourse,  after 
which  the  remains  of  the  accomplished  scholar  and  veteran  lawyer  were  deposited 
in  the  Aldcrhrouk  Cemetery.  Guilford. 

This  brief  memoir  is  v.ritlcn  at  the  table,  in  his  library,  where  so  much  valuable 
professional,  literary  and  i:enc;dogi(Ml  labor  was  performed  by  Judge  Smith,  by  one 
who,  having  become  a  mcnber  of  his  family  through  marriage,  loved  the  man  and 
entertained  the  mrist  profound  respect  for  his  great  erudition,  strict  integrity  and 
pure  christian  character. 

He  was  admitted  as  a  curresponding  member  April  7,  1846. 


SOCIETIES  AND  THEIR  PROCEEDINGS. 

New-£ngland  Historic,  Genealogical  Societt, 

Boston,  '[Vediusday,  March  3,  1875.  A  stated  meeting  was  held  this  afternoon,  at 
3  o'clock,  at  tiie  Soi.'iety's  House,  18  Somerset  street,  the  president,  Hon.  Marshall 
P.  Wilder,  in  the  chair. 


1875.]  iV.  E.  Historic,  Gencalogiccd  Society,  329 

The  president  announa"]  the  death  of  the  Hon.  William  A.  Buckingham,  LL.D., 

vice  [^resident  fiir  Connecticut,  and  appointed  the  following  f,^entk'irien  a  committee 
to  prep;ire  resoInti,.iiu,  namely  :  the  Ilcin.  IJarvey  Jewell,  the  Kcv.  increase  N.  Tar- 
box,  D.U.,  and  Dou.  Ezra  Farnsworth. 

The  Kev.  John  W.  Dodi^a-,  of  Yanuonth,  !Mass.,then  read  a  very  intercstinir  paper 
0"  ■  Ol'i  Tunes  on  Cape  Cod."  On  motion  of  the  Rev.  Lucius  K.  Paiire,  J)."D.,  the 
thanics  of  the  t-ocicty  were  voted  to  tlie  Kev.  Mr.  bod^e,  and  a  coiiv  of  Jiis  paper  \va.s 
requested.  ' -^  ^  ' 

John  W  ard  Dean,  the  librarian,  reported  the  donation  of  .35  voUimcH,  113  pam- 
phlets and  a  numt)er  of  other  articles.  Amonij;  the  donations  was  a  bust  of  the 
president  of  tlie  society,  the  lion.  ^Marshall  P.  Wilder,  from  Henry  Dexter  the  sculp- 
tor, of  Cambiidrre.  t^jiecial  menti.)n  was  also  made  of  the  donations  of  William  A. 
Whitehead  of  Newark,  N.  J.,  C.  Fiske  Harris  of  Providence,  K.  I.,  Henry  Austin 
VVlutney  of  I'.osion,  John  Ei^lington  JJuiley  of  Manchester,  iliu^land,  John  Jeffries, 
M.D.,  of  Bobtoii,  John  Gardner  White  of  Boston,  ^Villiam  G.  P>rooks  of  JJoston 
Capt.  A.  W.  Corliss,  U.  S.  A.,  Camp  McDowell,  Arizona,  the  Rev.  C.  D.  Bradlce 
of  Boston,  and  E.  J.  Forster,  M.D.,  of  Charlet,town.  Thanks  were  voted  to  the 
several  donors. 

The  president  read  a  letter  from  Alexander  Williams,  in  behalf  of  the  Massachu- 
setts Society  of  tile  Cincinnati,  v.ho  autliorized  him  to  deposit  with  this  society,  a.<3 
he  now  docs,  the  portrait  of  General  Henry  Jackson,  the  first  treasurer  of  the  Massa- 
ehusetts  Cincinnati. 

The  Rev.  PMinund  F.  Slafter,  corresponding  .secretary,  reported  letters  acceptino- 
membership  from  die  Hon.  (.Jiistavus  V.  Fox,  William  G.  Weld,  Ehenezer  C.  xMilli"^ 
tin,  and  Albert  L.  Richardson,  of  Boston  ;  Daniel  A.  Rogers  of  Chicago  111.,  and 
George  M.  Bodge  of  Deering,  Maine.  He  also  i)resented  in  behalf  ot  George  B. 
Dorr,  a  lock  of  hair  of  an  cmbahiied  Indian  chief,  taken  many  vears  ago  from  an 
ancient  nuaca,  or  recept.icle  for  the  dead,  on  the  plains  of  Lima  ;  and  read  a 
■written  statement  concerning  it. 

The  president  announced  fhat  he  had  appointed,  in  pursuance  of  the  vote  at  the 
annual  meeting,  the  following  committee  on  biography  to  assist  the  hietorioirrapher, 
namely,  fredene  W.  Sawyer,  Daniel  T.  V,  Huntoon  and  Abram  E.  Cutter."' 

George  Tolman,  of  Concord,  in  behalf  of  the  committee  of  arrangements  of  that 
town,  presented  a  formal  invitation  to  this  society  to  choose  a  delegation  to  partira- 
pate  as  giiest^  of  the  town  in  the  centennial  celebration  of  the  battle  of  the  19th  of 
April,  ihe  invitation  was  accepted  with  thanks,  and  a  committee  was  appointed, 
consisting  of  the  Rev.  £.  F.  Siafter,  Col.  A.  II.  Hoyt,  William  B.  Towne,  the  Hon. 
Charles  L.  W  oo.ibury  and  tho  Hon.- James  W.  Austin  to  nominate  said  delegates  at 
trie  nest  meeting. 

TheRev.  Samuel  Cutler,  the  historiographer,readbio£raphical  sketches  of  the  follow- 
ing deceased  members,  viz.  :  the  Hon.  Nathan  Sargent  of  Washington,  D.  C,  the  Hon. 
Merman  foster  of  Manchester,  N.H.,  and  the  Hon.  Samuel  Hooper,  M.C.,  of  Boston. 

Boston,  April  7.  A  quarterly  meeting  was  held  this  afternoon,  at  the  usual  time 
and  place,  Presiaent  Wilder  in  the  chair. 

The  president  announced  tiiat  E.  R.  Humnhrevs,  LL.D.,  who  had  been  eno'a^ed 
t(>  read  a  paper  at  this  meeting,  was  confined  to  his  bed  by  sickness,  and  thit  the 
Rev.  increiLse  S  iarbox,  D.D.,  had  consented  to  fill  his  place.  Dr.  Tarbox  took  for 
tiis  sulyect,  "ihe  battle  ot  Bun.ker  Hill,"  upon  which  he  read  a  very  interestin-^- 
^V\\f  '^^"'^■"  thanks  were  voted  and  a  copy  requested. 

Ihe  librarian  reported  th.e  donation  of  17-2  volumes,  135  pamphlets  and  other  arti- 
cles. Among  thorn  were  a  portrait  in  oil  of  Charles  Ewer,  first  president  of  the 
society, ^trom  Harry  \\  Evans  of  Boston  ;  over  one  hundred  historical  and  genealo- 
gical vouimes.  eolh^cted  by  the  late  John  Clark  (ante,  xxv.  392)  from  his  father, 
vu  I  T''^o  '  P"  '^'  ^  '■'''-'°  '  ^  "^^  ^^  the  Boston  Journal  from  its  commencement 
J?eb.  5,  lbo3,  to  the  close  of  1850,  making  34  bound  volumes,  from  the  first  editor  of 
that  newspaper,  the  Hon.  John  S.  Sleeper  ;  and  from  the  town  of  Londonderry,  N. 
±1.,  lb  huUtts  case  during  the  revolution,  with  a  cup  for  containing  them  made  from 
wood  taken  xrom  the  house  of  Gen.  (Jeorge  Reid.  Special  mention  was  also  made 
ot  the  donations  of  the  state  of  New-Haiu[)shire.  of  Charles  H.  Guild  of  SomerviUe, 
w^,-  "°-rr'^,?^*^^  ^-  /"'■^^"  "f  Cambridge,  E.  P.  Boon  of  New-York  city,  Prof. 
VV  illiam  C.  Fnw^r,  LL.D.,  of  Durham,  Ct.,  Robert  Clarke  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
w  w^  -^^'w  tI-  ^-  ^'■^'^J'?*^'  ^^Irs.  Can.line  U.  Dall.  Edward  Jarvis,  M.D.,  Robert 
W.  Wojd,M.D.,  <;eorgeB.  Emfrsou,  LL.D..  John  H.  Wright,  M.D.,  and  Wiiliam 
U.  Means,  all  ot  Boston.    Thanks  were  voted  to  the  several  donore. 


330  Societies  and  their  Proceedings.  f'Tuly, 

The  correspondino:  serretnry  roported  the  nr^coptunce  of  meiiibfrship  from  the  Hon. 
George  P.  Elliot  uf  15ill(  rio;i,  Duvid  0.  Chirk  of  Milton,  and  the  Hon.  (Jeor^c  L. 
Davis  (jf  xXuxtli  Andovcr. 

The  hi?torioii;i;i[iher  ri;vil  hIo;;r;ipIiic:il  sketches  of  the  f)lIowiri^deceaf>ed  nieinhers, 
namely.:  Day  O.  Kellotr:;  of  IJrooklvn,  N.  Y.,  und  Jowph  B.  Varnuiu  of  New- York 
city. 

The  Rev.  T..  F.  Shffer,  ohairnian  of  the  conunittec  appointed  at  the  last  meetin_2;, 
rejiortod  a  r>t  (if  c;iudiiI:>ttN,  und  tlic  folluwini;  ,ii;oiitleim-n,  viz  ;  the  lh;n.  Marshall 
P.  Wilder,  A\'illiani  B.  Townc,  Ct)l.  Alhert  11.  lloyt.  the  Rev.  Samuel  Cuth.-r,  the 
Hon.  James  AY.  Aut^tin.  Trcdrric  Kidder,  \Yilliam  B.  Tnisk,  David  d.  ll.iskiri:^, 
Jr.,  Harry  H.  Kdes  and  the  Hon.  GeorLjo  W.  Warren,  were  chosen  delegates  to 
the  Concord  centennial. 

Mai.ve  Historical  Societt. 

Portland,  Me.,  Monday,  Fibniary  18,  1875. — The  winter  session  of  this  society 
was  held  at  the  common  cuu'icil  room  of  the  City  Hall.  At  10,  .\.M.,  the  chair  waa 
taken  by  tlie  president,  the  Hon.  J.  "W.  Bradbury,  LL.D. 

J.  \Y.  Thornton,  of  Bi>btoii,  havin;;  coinuiunir-atcd  to  the  society  facts  relating  to 
the  Trelawney  papers, — su-called  from  liobert  Trelawncy,  one  of  the  early  patentees 
and  founders  of  iMame,— now  in  posst-s.^^iou  of  the  Rev.  Robert  Tr..-lawney,  Ply- 
mouth, f.n^.,  and  of  great  interest  to  the  inhabitants  of  Portland  and  its  vicinity, 
which  hive  i>een  hitherto  sought  for  in  vain,  the  thanks  of  the  society  were  voted 
Mr.  Thornton  for  his  valuable  comnuinication  and  measures  adopted  to  secure  the.-e 
papers  for  the  society  for  publication,  so  f-ir  as  may  subserve  its  interests.  The 
subject  was  committed  to  the  char-e  uf  Gen.  John  Marshall  Brown  in  behalf  of  the 
society. 

A  menioir  of  the  late  Cyrus  Eaton,  A.M.,  of  Warren,  by  tlie  Rev.  D.  Q.  Cush- 
man,  was  read  by  Joseph  Williamson,  of  Belfast,  and  with  the  customary  thanks  of 
the  society  deposited  in  the  archives. 

H.  W.  Bryant,  of  Portland,  read  Historical  Notes  on  the  Theatre  in  Portlalid, 
from  179i  to  L'^OO.     Mr.  Bryant  was  reijue-^ted  to  continue  his  inquiries. 

Gen.  J.  M.  Brown  read  a  paper  onChiimpliin  v.ith  special  reference  to  hisvoyacres 
along  the  coast  of  Maine,  the  statements  ot  tlie  pa[ier  being  mostly  in  the  words^^of 
the  V03"aier.     Ihe  pajjer  was  listened  to  with  great  interest. 

Rufuslv.  Sewall,  of  Wisca^set,  presented  a  paper  of  much  research  on  the  char- 
ter of  ICOtj  and  the  settlements  made  under  it,  and  sugiresting  the  connection  of  the 
Popham  and  Pemaquiu  settlements..  The  reading  was  followed  by  a  spirited  dis- 
cussion in  which  several  gentlemen  participated. 

A  plea.sant  incident  of^he  meeting  was  the  entrance  of  the  venerable  Ether  Shep- 
ley,  formerly  chief  justice  of  -Maine,  and  one  i«f  the  only  two  survivors  of  the  first 
fifty  corporate  members,  the  other  survivor  bein^'  the  lion.  Peleg  Sprague,  of  Bos- 
ton. Judge  Sheplcy  was  welcomed  by  the  president  in  fitt  ng  terms,  and  as  he  re- 
sponded. The  society  rose  and  .stood  during  his  remark.,,  in  which  he  referred 
to  the  original  design  of  the  .society. 

Robert  H.  Gardiner,  of  Gardiner,  presented  a  paper  commemorative  of  the  late 
Hon.  George  Evans,  LL.D.,  whieh  commanded  close  attention.  The  reading  was 
followed  by  remarks  by  Ex-Gov.  Washburn,  referring  to  occasions  on  which  Mr. 
Erans  rendered  distinguished  servieu  in  his  congre.-^sional  career.  Other  gentle- 
men participated  in  the  tribute  rendered  to  the  eminent  ability  of  Mr.  Evans  as  a 
law\'er  and  statesman.  The  paper  received  the  usual  vote  of  thanks.  This  paper, 
it  may  be  stated,  is  to  form  a  portion  of  a  more  extended  memoir  of  the  distin- 
guished subject. 

The  Hon.  Geo.  T.  Davis,  of  Portland, rea^la  paper  onanalleged  portrait  in  Boston 
of  Sir  Wm.  Phips,  the  first  governor  of  Ma>.saeliutetts  under  the  second  charter, 
who  was  a  native  of  Maine.  Intermingled  with  a  discussion  of  the  authenticity  of 
the  painting  were  rem.arks  on  tuples  suggested,  often  striking  as  well  as  humorous, 
which  gave  lively  interest  to  the  reading. 

George  J.  Yarney,  of  Augusta,  assistant  state  librarian,  read  a  paper  on  Indian 
inscriptions  on  the  rocks  by  the  sea  side  at  East  ^lachias,  with  remarks  on  the  gen- 
eral subject.  The  thanks  of  the  society  were  given,  and  the  desire  expressed  that 
Mr.  Yarney  would  continue  his  inquiries. 

A  paper  was  received  in  the  course  of  the  meeting  from  the  Hon.  John  E.  God- 
frey, of  Bangor,  on  Jean  Yim^enc,  baron  de  ."riaiut  Cu^tin,  which  the  late  hour  of  its 
arrival  prevented  from  being  read.    It  promised  to  be  of  great  interest ;    and  the 


1875.]  Societies  and  their  Proceedings.  331 

customary  tlianbs  of  t!ie  society  were  voted,  and  a  proposal  for  its  being  placed  in 

the  archives  for  puljliciitiori. 

All  the  papers,  •whicli  occupied  the  entire  clay,  commaiided  the  undivided  interest 
of  the  society  and  of  tlie  ladies  and  gentlemen -who  were  present,  and  the  occasion 
was  deemed  highly  .successful. 

Measures  wt-re  tikcn  fir  the  issue  of  a  new  volume  of  the  collections. 

On  UKjtirn  of  the  Jloii.  Cieor_2;e  F.  Shepley,  it  was  voted  that  the  luo-st  respectful 
gieeiinus  of  the  eoeiety  be  sent  uy  telegraph  to  the  Hon.  Judge  Sprague,  one  of  the 
two  ouly  survivors  of  its  orii^inal  corporators. 

A  rccfss  was  taken  at  '2,  1'.  M.,  and  the  society  dined  together  at  the  Falmouth, 
by  invitation  of  the  Portland  members.  A.  S.  Packard. 

Rhode  Island  Historical  Societv. 

Providence,  January  19,  1ST5. — The  annual  meeting  of  this  society  was  held 
this  evening,  at  its  cabinet  in  Waterman  street,  the  Hon.  Samuel  G.  Arnold,  the 
president,  in  the  chair. 

Riclimond  P.  Everett,  the  treasurer,  presented  his  annual  report  showing -a  bal- 
ance of  .<  1,177. 11  in  tlie  treasury. 

The  Piev.  Edwin  M.  Stune,  librarian  and  cabinet  keeper  for  the  northern  depart- 
ment, sent  a  letter  regretting  that  he  had  been  prevented  by  illness  from  preiniring 
a  report,  but  stating  that  the  contributions  in  1S71  had  been  2,554,  whicli  were 
949  iDore  than  in  lb73.  This  is  the  largest  number  in  any  year  since  the  society 
was  instituted. 

The  following  gentlemen  were  then  unanimously  elected  officers  for  the  ensuing 
year  : 

President. — The  Hon.  Samuel  G.  Arnold,  Providence. 

Vice  P resides nfs. — The  II  jn.  Zachariah  Allen,  Providence,  and  the  Hon.  Francis 
Brinlcv,  Newport. 

Sccrelary. — The  Hon.  Amos  Perry,  Providence. 

Treasurer. — llichmond  P.  Everett,  Providence. 

Librarian  and  Cabinet  Keeper  J'or  the  Northern  Department. — The  Kev.  Edwin 
M.  Stone,  Providence. 

Cabinet  Keeper  for  the  Southern  Department. — Benjamin  B.  Ilowland,  Newport. 

Committee  on  the  Noininati on  of  New  Members. — William  G.  Williams,  George 
L.  Collins  and  Albert  V.  Jencks,  Providence. 

Committee  on  Lectures  and  Reading  of  Papers. — William  Gammell,  Amos  Perry 
and  Charles  "\V.  Parsons,  Providence. 

Committee  on  Publications  of  the  Society. — The  Hon.  John  R.  Bartlett,  Prof.  J. 
Lewis  Diman  and  the  Kev.  E.  .M.  Stone,  Providence. 

Committee  on  Grounds  and  Buildinc/s .-^I&ix-CiC  H.  Southwick,  Albert  Dailey  and 
Joseph  .R.  Brown,  Providence. 

Auditincj  Committee. — Henry  T.  Beckwith  and  "Walter  Blodgett,  Providence. 

Mr.  Perr\-,  the  secretary,  announced  a  number  of  valuable  donations,  among 
them  a  large  collection  of  newspapers,  in  all  79  bound  volumes,  from  Henry  T. 
Beckwith.  and  a  maj)  of  the  residence  and  burial  place  of  Roger  \Villiams, 
surveyed  and  drawn  by  the  late  Samuel  B.  Gushing,  C.  B.,  of  Providence,  from 
the  secretary. 

February  16. — A  meeting  was  held  this  evening,  president  Arnold  in  the  chair. 

Dr.  Henrj'  E.  Turner.ofNewport,  read  a  paper  on  the  Genealogy  of  the  First  Set- 
tlers of  Newport.and  their  Descendants,  with  a  sketch  of  Toryism  there  during  the 
Revolutionary  War.  Remarks  -were  made  by  Messrs.  Zachariah  Allen,  Amos  I'erry, 
B.  F.  Pal»odie,  J.  E.  Lester,  the  Rev.  C.  A.  Staples  and  Prof.  William  Gammell.  Dr. 
Turner,  Rev.  Mr.  St;u'-Ic8  and  J.  E.  Lester  were  chosen  a  committee  to  petition 
the  general  assembly  to  investiirate  the  subject  of  collecting  and  publishing  full 
genealogical  materials  in  Rhode  Island,  according  to  the  suggestion  in  Dr.  Turner's 
paper. 

March  2. — A  meeting  was  held  this  evening,  the  Hon.  Zachariah  Allen,  vice 
president,  in  the  chair. 

The  Hon.  Thomas  C.  Amory,  of  Boston,  read  a  paper  on  Major  General  John 
Sullivan,  Commander  of  the  Continental  Army  in  Rhode  Island,  1778.  Remarks  on 
the  subject  were  made  by  the  Hon.  Seth  Padelford,  .^Ir.  Perry  and  the  presiding 
officer. 

March  16. — A  meeting  was  held  this  evening,  vice  president  Allen  in  the  chaix. 


332  Societies  and  their  Proceedings.  [July, 

"William  J.  Miller,  of  Bristol,  read  lus  second  paper  on  Philip  of  PobanoTtet  and 
the  AVainpanoayrt.  The  paper  waa  dcvutal  to  a  cuubideration  of  tiie  cauec-s  that  led 
to  tlie  war  between  the  liidiiins  and  th(;  C'lloiiists.  A  third  paper  is  tt)  ho  given. 
Kemarks  were  made  by  the  lion.  Amus  I'erry,  William  A.  Mowry,  Zachariah  Allen 
and  General  James  bhaw. 

April  6. — A  quarterly  meeting  was  held  this  evening,  vice  president  Allen  in  the 
cLair. 

The  librarian  reported  a  list  of  donation.s. 

The  Hon.  Zaehariali  Alien,  in  behalf  of  the  committee  appointed,  two  or  three  years 
ago, to  inipiire  into  tlie  expediency  of  preserving  Slate  Kock  whereon  Roger  Williams 
landed,  and  improving  the  land  in  tlio  vicinity,  made  a  partial  report  of  what  had 
been  dune,  and  the  committee  was  reiiue.-<ted  to  continue  its  labors. 

Frank  15.  Ikitt.'j,  of  Providence,  read  a  pai)er  giving  a  grajihic  description  of  the 
engagement  between  the  Monitor  and  Merrimac,  and  the  tjubsequent  loss  of  the 
Monitor  otf  Cape  llatteras  in  18G2. 

The  secretary  read  a  paper  by  Kichard  M.  Sherman,  on  the  battle  of  Rhode  Island 
and  the  retreat  of  Gen.  tfuUivan  (supplementary  to  Mr.  Amory's  paper  in  March), 
giving  many  incidents  and  .scenes  of  the  battle  which  raged  hntly  amund  the  house 
of  hici  grandfather,  Sampson  Sherman,  about  eight  miles  north  of  Newport,  which 
he  had  learned  from  his  father. 

April  13. — A  meeting  was  held  this  evening. 

The  Hon.  Zachariah  Allen,  LL.D.,  the  venerable  senior  vice  president  of  the 
society,  who  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1815,  and  whose  name  heads  the  list  of 
members  of  the  Rliode  Island  bur,  read  a  memoir  of  the  Hon.  James  Burrill,  with 
•whom  he  studied  law.  Mr.  Burrill  was  an  eminent  jurist  and  remarkable  for  his 
intelligence  and  social  induence.  He  was  born  in  Providence  in  1772,  graduated  at 
BroM'n  University  in  17gS,  and  died  Dec.  '25,  IS20.  He  was  a  judge  of  "the  supremo 
court  of  Rhode  L-Jand  and  a  senator  in  congress  from  that  state. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  paper,  several  interesting  anecdotes  were  told,  and  Mr. 
Allen  promised  on  a  future  occasion  to  speak  of  other  worthies  of  the  Rhode  Island 
bar  in  his  youthful  days. 

The  secretary  read  biographical  sketches  of  the  Hon.  William  Jones,  governor  of 
Rhode  Island,  1811-17,  by  his  grandson,  William  J.  Hoppin,  of  JN'ew^'i'ork  ;  and 
Dr.  Peter  Turner,  of  East  Greenwich  (born  1751,  died  1822),  a  surgeon  in  the 
revolutionary  war,  by  his  grandson,  Ur.  Henry  E.  Turner,  of  Ne"\v]iort." 

The  secretary  also  read  a  letter  calling  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  original  gen- 
eral and  regiiuental  order  book  of  Gen.  Sullivan's  military  operations  in  Rhode 
Island  is  now  in  the  possessisn  of  Josiah  Fletcher,  of  JSew  York. 

May  11. — A  meeting  was  held  this  evening,  vice  president  Allen  in  the  chair. 

The  librarian  announced  a  large  number  of  donations. 

Charles  W,  Pars-ons,  M.D.,  in  behalf  of  the  committee  to  make  arrangements  for 
the  commemoration  of  the  bi-centennary  of  King  Philip's  War,  reported  that  the 
committee  had  arranged  for  an  excursion  to  Mount  Hope,  Monday,  June  21,  the 
anniversary  of  the  beginning  of  the  war,  June  20,  falling  on  Sunday.  There  will 
be  a  clambake  and  an  address  by  the  president,  the  Hon.  Samuel  G.  Arnold  ;  and 
the  historic  localities  will  be  visited. 

The  Hon.  Abraham  Payne,  of  Providence,  read  a  paper  entitled,  Personal 
Reminiscences  of  Deceased  Mcraf^rs  of  the  Rhode  Island  Bar.  Among  the  law\-er3 
noticed  were  Gen.  Thomas  F.  Carpenter,  Samuel  Ashley,  Judge  Daniels,  Charles 
F.  Tillinghast  and  Samuel  Y.  Atwcll.  Remarks  with  anecdotes  of  other  prominent 
deceased  members  ot  the  Rhode  Island  bar  were  made  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Alexis 
Caswell  and  the  presiding  othcer.  i\lr.  Payne  was  requested  to  read  another  paper,, 
at  a  future  day,  concerning  other  deceased  lawyers  in  this  state. 

New  Jersey  Historical  Societt. 

Trenton,  N'.  J.,  Thursday,  January  21,  1875.— The  annual  meeting  of  this  Society 
■was  held  this  day  at  the  rooms  of  the  Board  uf  Trade,  the  Rev.  Samuel  M.  Hamill, 
D.D.,  one  of  the  vice  presidents,  in  the  chair. 

•  The  reports  of  the  diiierent  cimimittccs  presented  the  affairs  of  the  society  in  a 
favorable  light,  the  interest  manifested  in  it  giving  assurance  that  the  institution- 
has  reached^  position  that  secures  its  perpetuity  and  commends  it  to  everj'  citizeo- 
interested  in  the  history  ol  the  atate^ 


1875.]  Societies  and  their  Proceedings.  333 

Since  the  last  meeting  the  thirteenth  volume  of  the  "  Proceeding-s  "  of  the  society 
hils  been  cuniplfteil,  makinif.  -with  the  "  L\>llecti..Ds,"  tweiUy-oin;  vohimeH  illiistva- 
tivc  of  Xtu--Jer<oy  hist.iry  i^sMOll  by  tlie  society.  ISirioe  hi.st  Mivy  about  200  paiiiphlets 
and  nearly  50  volume-;  luivo  heen  [ire.-ented  to  the  library.  Several  undertakiii-rs  in 
aid  of  its  Ufietuhic-s  have  been  completed  ur  are  in  proi^ress.  Its  inaprt  have  been  ar- 
mnged  and  citaloirucd,  a  large  amount  of  Ijinding  iiatj  been  dune  and  a  new  and 
thorough  cataloi,MH-  of  its  books  has  been  coramcneed.  Among  its  large  and  valua- 
ble fils  of  newsoapi-rs,  t!io>o  most  likily  to  attruet    attention   aru    the    J\'fwJerscij 


ily 
1833. 

The  treasurer  reported  the  balance  in  the  treasury  on  the  Ist  of  January  to  be 
$1,177.35.  Allusion  was  made  by  the  executive  committee  to  the  death,  in  Sep- 
tember last,  of  the  venerable  Charles  C.  Haven,  for  many  years  a  member  of  that 
committee.  Amon^  the  letters  read  by  the  corresponding  secretary  was  one  from 
the  Rev.  Ravaud  k.  Kodgers,  D.D.,  the  president,  who  having  removed  to  Georgia 
declined  a  rteiection. 

The  Rev.  Edward  D.  Neill,  A.M.,  of  Minneapolis.  Minn.,  was  elected  an  honorary 
member  ;  Brig.  (Jen.  James  H.  Simpson,  U.  S.  A.,  a  corresponding  member,  and  a 
number  of  other  gentlemen  resilient  members. 

The  chair  nr^puiatcd  the  following  etandintr  committees: — On  PuUicatinn,  "Wil- 
liam A.  WhitJl.ead,  Samuel  II.  Pennington,  M.D.,  John  Hall,  D.D.,  AVilliam  B. 
Kinney,  Joseph  N.  Tuttle.  On  (he  Literary,  Martin  R.  Dennis,  Edward  Scaley, 
Roberts.  Sword-i,  Robert  F.  B-iUantine,  W.  A.  Whitehead.  On  Finanrr,  Joseph 
N.  Tuttle,  William  B.  i>hjtt,  L.  Spencer  (iohle,  John  C.  Johnston,  Charles  E.  Young, 
On  Sta'isUcs,  N.  N.  TIn!-read,  F.  W.  Jackson,  E.  M.  Shreve,  Arthur  Ward,  M.D., 
AViUiau;  NeUon.  On  I\'ominalio7is,  David  A,  Hayes,  David  Naar,  Robert  B. 
Campfield. 

Judse  Nixon,  Mr.  Richey  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Sheldon  were  appointed  a  committee 
to  nouunate  officers  for  1875.  They  reported  a  list  of  candidates,  ail  of  whom  were 
elected,  viz.  : — 

President,  Henry  "W.  Green,  LL.D.,  of  Trenton. 

Vice- P residents,  Samuel  M.  Hamill,  D.  D.,  of  Lawrenceville,  "William  B.  Kin- 
ney, of  Morristown,  Peter  S.  Duryee,  of  Newark. 

Corresponding  S'Xretan/,  William  A.  AVhitehead,  of  Newark. 

Recording  Secretary,  David  A.  Hayes,  of  Newark. 

Treasnrtr,  Robert  S.  Swords,  of  Newark. 

Librarian,  Martin  R.  Dennis,  of  Newark. 

Executive  Committee,  Samuel  H.  Penninston,  M.D.,  of  Newark,  N.  Norris  ITal- 
stead  of  Kearney,  John  Hall,  D.D.,  of  Trenton,  John  Clement  of  Haddontield, 
Samuel  Allinson  of  Yardville,  Theodore  F.  Randolph  of  Morristown,  Hugh  H. 
How  16  of  Rahway,  Joel  Parker  of  Freehold,  Joseph  N.  Tuttle  of  Newark  ; 
■with  the  officers. 

The  special  committee  on  colonial  documents,  consisting  of  Nathaniel  Niles,  Joel 
Parker,  Daniel  Haines  and  W.  A.  Whitehead,  was  continued. 

Resolutions  of  regret  were  passed  at  the  removal  from  the  state  of  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Rixlgers.  who  f.r  two  years  had  filled  the  office  of  president,  and  his  retirement  from 
the  office  Avhich  he  had  so  acceptably  filled. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Hall  presented'  a  marriage  license  from  Gov.  Franklin,  dated  Oct.  28, 
1772,  authorizing  "any  protestant  minister  or  justice  of  the  peace  "  to  marry 
Jacob  Quick,  of  Amwell.  to  Jerusha  Rose,  of  Hopewell,  Hunterdon  county. 

^Hss  Sarah  Smith  StatTord  presented  a  box  of  revolutionary  relics,  collected  by 
the  late  C.  C.  Haven,  which  she  had  received  from  his  family.  _  She  considered 
the  society  of  which  he  had  eo  long  been  a  member  the  fittest  depository  fur  them. 

Ex-Gov.  Parker  made  some  remarks  upon  the  interesting  character  of  much  of  the 
early  history  of  Monmouth  county,  and  stated  that  the  records  exhibited  at  a  previous 
meeting  were  still  in  his  possession,  and  that  a  copy  could  be  obtained  if  thought 
advisable.  Mr.  Duryee  urged  the  members  to  do  for  their  respective  localitiea 
what  Gov.  Parker  had  done  for  his,  remembering  that  the  history  of  the  several 
counties  ante-dated  that  of  the  state. 

At  the  afternoon  session,  resolutions  were  adopted,  on  motion  of  William  Nelson, 
that  the  committee  on  etat->cic-s  be  authorized  to  recommend  tn  the  legislature  the 
adoption  of  measures  to  collect,  in  connection  with  the  decennial  census,  such  statis- 

TOL.    XXIX.  29 


334  Societies  and  their  Proceedings.  [Julj, 

ticsas  -will  serve  to  illustrate  the  progreps  and  present  condition  of  New  Jersey  ia 
agriculture,  ruaDuliictiirfs,  oomineroe,  niininic,  suul  other  eletncnts  of  prosperity. 

Mr.  AUiii^ion,  of  Vnrdvillo,  j)rcseiitfd  a  siilisciiptiun  list  to  "  Mavor's  Universal 
llicstory,"  ].ul..lislit;d  in  l.-'D.'i,  in  :j.3  vohniiCfS,  and  cij.stirii^  fnjui  .S'J5  to  $.'iO  a  set,  so 
that  but  few  pei)plf  could  iiidulLrr  in  the  luxury.  Tiie  roll  "has  103  sii^natures  ; 
among  tliem,  Kiuliard  Stu'iktiin  and  Saiiunl  Stanlinpc  Smith  ot  Princeton,  Gov. 
Ulooudifld  of  Xyw  liruuswick,  Elisha  L'.oudintjt,  the  ilev.  E.  D.  '^iriHin  and  Alex- 
ander C.  McW'horter  of  Newark,  and  Conimodure  Truxton  of  .Amboy.  Mr. 
AUinson  aiso  read  a  very  intere>;tin<,'  paper  on  the  "■  Intercourse  Ixjtwcen  the  State 
and  the  Delaware  Indians,"  about  the  middle  of  the  last  century,  which  led  to  the 
purchase  of  lanti  for  tlieir  accommodation  in  Lurlington  county,  their  subseipaent 
removal,  &c.  In  it  the  cour.-e  of  New  Jersey  waH  so  marked  by  consideration  and 
kindness  for  the  native-  af  to  li'ad  thenx  to  coidiT  upon  her  the  title  of  '•  tlie  great 
arbiter  ov  doer  of  justice."  The  paper  elicited  remarks  from  several  of  the  other 
members. 

Mr.  Vv'hitehead  read  a  pa})er  received  from  E<lward  Salter,  of  Wasliington,  on 
"  The  Signitieance  of  (jeographical  Names  in  tlie  Counties  of  Monmouth  and  Ocean 
and  the  Vicinity." 

Mr,  Nelson  exhibited  a  bcautirnl  gold-liucd  snuff-box,  belonging  to  Mrs.  Blaiivelt, 
of  Paterson,  received  from  tlie  Duke  of  Vork,  in  1->:>1,  by  the  Kev.  John  Dcmarest, 
forhus  services  in  connectioti  with  the  reuKjval  of  the  remains  of  Andre  to  England. 
It  is  made  of  the  wood  of  a  tree  that  grew  over  Andre's  grave. 

JSewark,  May  "20,  1875.— The  society  met  at  their  rooms  in  this  city  at  12  o'clock, 
M.  In  the  absence  of  the  president,  tlie  first  and  second  vice-presidentspresided, — the 
ilev.  Samuel  M.  Ilamill,  D.I).,  an-1  tlie  Hon.  William  B.  Kinney.  The  correspond- 
ing secretary  submitttMl  the  correspondence  since  the  January  meeting,  comprising 
many  letter.-^  of  interest,  and  the  reports  of  the  several  standing  commrttees  present- 
ed the  condition  of  the  ■society  in  its  various  departments  as  favorable  for  its  con- 
tinued pn.gre^s  and  ust-iulncss.  The  treasurer  reported  the  balance  in  the  treasury 
as  ,sl,456.71;  T!ie  additions  to  the  library  since  the  last  meeting  amounted  to  34 
volumes,  117  pamphlets,  and  a  considerable  numberof  newsjjapersand  manuscripts. 
Among  the  latter  was  an  interesting  letter  from  DeWitt  Clinton,  written  in  IhiS, 
urging  the  construction  of  tlit;  Delaware  and  Raritan  Canal,  and  expressing  his 
views  upon  state  inter-communications  generally.  The  papers  of  2ilr.  Alfred  Vail, 
of  MorrLstown,  who  was  so  intimately  connected  with  all  the  preliminary  steps' 
for  the  introduction  and  perfection  of  the  electric  telegraph,  were  reported  as  being 
in  the  possession  of  the  society,  and  as  soon  as  they  could  be  examined  and  arranired 
Would  be  open  to  the  inspeciicm  of  the  pulilic.  The  committee  on  statistics  report- 
ed the  passage  of  a  bill  Ijy  the  legislature  at  their  solicitation,  intended  to  secure 
full  returns  of  the  manufacturing,  mining,  agricultural  and  commercial  interests 
of  the  state,  at  the  same  time  that  the  decennial  census  is  taken  the  present  year. 

A  committee  was  appointed  to  cixipcrate  with  any  other  that  might  be  ap|)ointed 
by  other  historical  societies,  to  promote  tiie  objects  of  the  Centennial  Exhibition  at 
Philadelphia  in  1676. 

The  thanks  of  the  society  were  voted  to  William  A.  "Whitehead  for  fifty  copies 
of  his  revised  and  enlar;:ed  edition  of  "  East  Jersey  under  the  Proprietary  Govern- 
ments ;  "  presented  to  the  society  to  enable  it  to  make  exchanires  of  full  sets  of 
its  publications  vyith  otiier  institutions  :— the  tirst  edition,  published  as  tlie  first 
volume  cf  its  "  Collections,"  lnvinic  been  f  )r  some  years  exhausted. 

Tiie  original  nianu^-cript  of  an  addre-s  fur  the  benefit  of  Mr.  Greskey,  delivered 
at  Newark  in  ISC  1,  by  William  W.  Miller,  a  distinguished  member  of  the  New- 
Jersey  bar,  and  which  excited  a  jreat  deal  of  attention  at  the  time  was  received 
from  his  daughter.  Mrs.  James  M.  Bruen.  A  grape  shot  from  the  battle-field  of 
Springfield  and  other  relics  were  added  to  the  cabinet  by  diflferent  members. 

At  the  afternoon  session  a  memorial  of  the  late  William  L.  Dayton,  minister 
plenipotentiary  to  France,  by  Justice  Joseph  P.  Bradley,  of  the  United  States  Su- 
preme Court,  was  read  by  the  corresponding  secretary,  Judire  Bradley's  engage- 
ments preventing  his  doing  -o  in  person.  Jt  wns  a  highly  interesting  paper,  crfvino- 
a  succinct,  but  exceedingly  lu^-id  exposition  of  the  important  public  events  in  which 
Mr.  Dayton  bore  such  a  prominent  part;  and" will  be  printed  in  the  society's  ■ 
proceedings. 

State  Historical  Society  of  Wiscoxsrs-. 

Madison,  April  9,  1875. — A  meeting  of  the  executive  committee  was  held  this  day, 
the  Hon.  il.  S.  Oitou,  vice-president,  in  the  chair. 


1875.]  Booh-Mtices.  335 

Lyman  C.  Drnpcr,  the  secretary,  pubmitted  the  corresponrlenceof  the  society. 

Daniel  S.  Durric,  the  lihnirian,  rop  irterl  the  fnUowin!^  tnhlilions  f.o  the  Ubmry, 
thus  fur,  thi.s  year,  namely,  1317  vuliimes  by  piiirliaso,  05  volumes  by  donation, 
663  volutues  by  transfoi-  from  the  state  library;  7(il  naniphlctH  arid  documents  ; 
total  2.831;  making  the  present  number  of  volumes  ana  pamphlets  in  the  library 
63,2 16! 

I?:-.ac  S.  Bradley  wa.^  elected  assistant  librarian. 

The  IIoi;.  A.  l!.  Bral'-y  was  appointed  to  prepare  a  memoir  of  the  late  lion.  John 
Catlin,  one  of  the  honorary  vice-presidents  of  tiie  society,  and  one  of  its  most  gen- 
erous benefactors. 

Mrs.  Juhn  Catlin,  one  of  Wi-soonsin's  earliest  pioneers,  was  unanimoasly  cliosea 
an  honorary  nieinl)cr  of  the  Pocicty. 

The  secretary  submitted  the  form  of  a  note  designed  to  secure  pledges  for  the 
binding  fund  of  the  society,  payable  in  five  equal  annual  instalments.  The  form 
was  ai)proved. 

The  Secretary  announced  the  death  of  the  lion.  Thomas  11.  Wynne,  secretary  of 
the  Virginia  Il"ist.)rical  Society,  of  whom  he  gave  a  biographical  sketch,  and  oil'ered 
an  appropriate  resolution,  which  was  adopted. 

The  Historical  Society  of  Delaware. 

Wilmington,  Jan.  14,  1S75.  A  stated  meeting  was  held  this  evening.  In  tho 
absence  of  the  president,  tlie  Rev.  John  Wilson  v.as  called  to  the  chair. 

The  Hon.  Leonard  E.  Wales,  chairman  of  the  committee  on  biography,  read  a 
biographical  sketch  of  James  C.  Douglass,  one  of  the  most  prominent  members  of 
the  society,  born  at  ^lonlington  Mills,  Kent  co.,  Delaware,  Nov.  17,  1817,  and 
died  at  Buuna  Vi.'ta,  Xe>vca.~cle  CO.,  Delaware,  Dec.  13,  1374.  Judge  "Wales  also 
submitted  resolutions  on  the  death  of  !Mr.  Douglass,  which  were  adopted. 

The  secretary  reported  the  acceptance  of  several  gentlemen  elected  members,  viz., 
Sir  J.  Bernard  Burke,  of  Dublin,  Ireland,  as  an  honorary  member  ;  GeorL'e  Smith, 
M.D.,  of  Delaware  county,  Fa.,  as  a  corresponding  member  ;  and  Henry  R.  du  Punt 
and  Albert  Commons  as  active  members. 

A  number  of  donations  were  announced,  among  them  a  handbill  containing  like- 
nesses of  the  Urst  locomotive  and  cars  used  on  the  Delaware  Railroad,  presented  by 
the  Rev.  T.  J.  Littell  in  behalf  of  John  H.  Rodney. 


BOOK-NOTICES. 


Orighial  Lht^i  of  Persons  of  Quality  ;  Emigrants  ;  Religious  Exiles  ;  Po- 
liti -al  Rebels  ;  Serving  men  sold  for  a  teryn  of  years  ;  Apprentices  ;    Chil- 
dren Stolen;  Maidens  Pressed;  and  Others  who  n-ent  from    Great  Bri- 
tain to  the  American  Plantations,  1600-1700.      With  their  Ages,  the  Lo- 
calities where  they  formerly  Lived  in  the  Mother  Country,  the  Karnes  of  the 
Ships  in  li-hich   tlify  embarked,  and  other  Interesting  Particulars.     From 
MSS.  preserved  in   the  State  Paper  Department   of  Her  Majesty's  Pub- 
lic Record  Office,  England.     Edited  by  John   Camdex  IIottex.   New- 
York  :  J,  W.  Bouton,  706  Broadway. '  1874.      [Crown  4to.  pp.  580.] 
The  title  of  this  book,  as  well  as  various  sensational  announcements,  from  time  to 
time,  for  several  years  previous  to  its  publication,  led  people  to  form  high  expecta- 
tions of  it.    It  is  not  strange.  theren)re,  that  when  the  book  appeared  and  !;cnealoi,Msts 
found  that  they  had  Ion:;  been  familiar  with  the  larger  portion  of  its  contents,  they 
were  greatly  dlsapiiointed.     Most,  if  not  all  of  its  lists  of  passengers  have  been  print- 
ed in  "the  RktjiSTER  from  copies  made  at  various  times  by  Samuel  G.  Drake,  Horatio 
G.  Somerby  and  Henry  Stevens  ;  and  many  of  them  have  appeared  in  the  Massachu- 
setts Historical  Collections  from  copies  by  the  Hon.  James  Savage,  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Hunter  and  Mr.  Srevens.    During  Mr.  Drake's  visit  to  England  in  1853-60,  he  made 
copies  of  ail  theearly  lists  ufpassen'-rers  to  British  America  which  hecould  find.  Those 
thathad  not  previously  appe  ireii  in  the  Registf.k  were  printed  in  the  number''  for  Oc- 
tober, 1860,  and  January,  iSt.U.  The  type  set  for  the  Register  wa^s  used  by  Mr.  Drake 


336  Sooh-2Totices,  [July* 

to  print  a  separato  work,  to  wliich  was  added  his  rcvif-ed  copies  of  the  other  lints. 
This  work  ai)f)e'arod  in  IbfiO,  mrlcr  the  title  of  "  Krsiilt  of  e'jine  Researches  atnonLj 
British  Archivvs,  for  lnforiri;uii)n  relativo  to  the  I't.'iiiidor.s  ol  N'cw-En^^land.  miulo 
in  the  years  ISjS,  18.39  and  18G0  ;"  and  this  has  long  bccu  a  standard  book  of  refer- 
ence upon  this  suhject. 

In  the  autumn  of  1871,  «oon  after  the  ojipcarance  of  the  hook  now  under  review, 
several  articles  upon  itd  merits  aj>]Marid  in  Th:  Aradcmy,  a  I/jndon  literary  joLirnal. 
The  fir-t  was  an  article  hy  CdI.  JiNC[)h  L.  L'he.-^ter  in  the  number  for  U't.  ill,  which 
showed  that  a  laru'c  ]:>0!  tion  of  the  bonk  had  been  printed  by  xMr.  Drake,  and  that 
the  new  material  was  relatively  of  8mall  value.  He  gave  the  late  Mr.  Hotten, — 
who  died  before  th.e  publication  uf  hi'^  ^>tluk, — credit,  however,  for  the  superior 
mechanical  execution  of  his  book,  and  for  the  correction  of  some  errors  of  Mr.  Drake 
or  his  printer.  The  next  number  of  the  Aradenuj,  Oct.  .31,  contained  a  letter  from 
W.  Noel  Sain^bury.  compiler  of  the  calendar  of  Cobniial  State  Papers,  ttating  tiiat 
beside  the  mntter  printed  by  Mr.  Drake,  one  other  article  in  Mr.  Uotten's  Inxik, — 
Lists  of  the  Living  and  Dead  in  Virginia, — had  prcviouf^ly  been  printed  in  this 
countr}-.  He  vouched  I'or  the  accuracy  of  Mr.  llotten's  transcript,  which  he  was  told 
was  made  by  A.  T.  Watson,  of  thcilccord  ollice  ;  but  he  condemned  the  book  for  the 
utter  want  of  nxethod  in  the  nrrangnnent  of  it.s  materials  and  lor  omissions  of  im- 
portant "  Original  Lists."  Tlio  same  num^)e^  of  the  Academy  contaitied  extracts 
from  a  letter  of  the  English  publishers  of  the  book,  taking  exceptions  t>  some  of 
Col  Chester's  criticisms.  This  letter  was  subsequently  printed  in  full  on  a  letter 
sheet.  C>j1.  Chester  replied  in  the  Arnd'rwj  for  Nov.  7th,  from  which  we  cop}'  the 
opening  paragraphs  :  "As  Messrs.  Chatto  and  Windus,  in  their  letter  quoted  by  you 
last  week,  make  a  statement  imi)eaching  my  veracity,  I  must  a<V.  youv  permission 
to  reply.  In  dirtet  ermtradii'ti  in  of  v.h.it  1  had  said  in  my  former  article,  they 
declare  that  '  Mr.  Hotten ';»  book  Contains  over  seventy  pages  more  matter  relating 
to  New-England  tlian  I^Ir  Drake's.'  I  have  only  to  say  that  this  assertion  is 
entirely  untrue,  and  to  def>  tho.'^e  gentlemen  to  point  out  seventy  or  even  secen  such 
pages.  There  are  not  quite  four  pages  (tJ83-C),  which  would  make  about  one  and 
a  half  of  Mr.  Drake's  ix)ok,  whicii  Mr.  Drake  did  not  print,  simply  because  the 
original  was  not  known  at  the  time  of  his  search.  It  has  turned  up  since,  and  wag 
printed  in  full  in  the  New-England  Historical  and  (jencalogical  Register  for  1671 
(vol.  XXV.  pp.  13-15),  and  is  thcrefjro  not  new  to  Americans.  I  have  again  gone 
over  both  volunes.  page  by  page,  and  have  no  hesitation  in  affirming  that  there  is 
not  another  New- England  list  in  Mr.  llotten's  book  that  is  not  included  in  Mr. 
Drake's."  In  the  same  article,  Col.  Chester  makes  this  statement :  *'  Mr.  Hotten 
himself  told  me  personally,  that  he  designed  the  volume  for  a  magnificent  adver- 
tisement of  his  so-called  '  Heraldic  Colleire,'  to  which  he  thus  intended  and  ex- 
pected to  attract  the  entire  American  custom." 

The  articles  on  this  subject  in  the  Academy  were  reprinted  in  the  Boston  Evening 
Transcript  for  Nov.  0  and  Nov.  20,  18T1. 

The  book  before  us  is  handsomely  printed  on  superior  paper,  and  has  an  excellent 
index  of  names.  Every  individual  n.imcd  in  the  book  is  indexed.  According  to 
Messrs.  Chatto  and  Windus,  tlie  English  publishers,  the  index  contains  12^000 
names,  and  this  appears  to  Iw  correct.  Those  gentlemen,  however,  unfairly  com- 
pare this  number  with  the  names  in  the  index  in  Mr.  Drake's  bxjk,  which  they 
estimate  at  2000.  But  the  latter  index  is  of  surnames  only,  so  that  one  name  fre- 
quently represents  a  score  or  more  of  individuals. 

In  spite  of  its  shortcominL's.  in  the  several  points  spoken  of,  the  book  is  a  valuable 
one,  and  cannot  well  l_>e  dispensed  rrith  by  genealoLMsts.  When  Mes.srs.  Savage  and 
Drake  made  tlieir  copies,  the  rules  of  the  record  office  required  that  they  should  be 
taken  in  pencil.  Now,  we  believe,  the  use  of  ink  is  allowed;  bnt  if  not,  Mr. 
Sainsbury  states  that  every  proof  sheet  of  .Mr.  Hotten's  volume  was  compared  with 
the  original  before  it  was  sent  to  press.  U'e  have,  however,  never  heard  the  trans- 
criber, Mr.  Watson,  sjioken  of  as  one  familiar  with  New-England  eenealogy  ; 
and  we  presume  he  does  not  know  the  true  name  of  as  large  a  proportion  of  the 
passengers  as  his  predfces,-ors.  This  would  be  a  great  disadvantage,  as  we  often 
find  that  to  know  what  i,  name  or  other  word  should  be,  is  a  gre-at  assistance  in 
decyphering  badly  written  manuscript.  J.  W.  Dean. 

The  Historical  Relation  oj  New-Enrjland  to  the  English  Commonwealth. 
By  JoHX  WiNGATK  TfiORXTOX.  [Boston,  Mass.]  LS7L  [8vo.  pp.  105.] 
In  this  book  ilr.  Thornton  makes  a  quarter-millennial  survey  of  the  history  of  free 


1875.]  Booh-Notlces.  337 

institutions,  from  the  first  landin;  of  the  pil^rvinis  of  the  Mayflower  ou  the  soil  of 
New-FiinrlauJ,  nnl  the  siiruini,' of  tiie  compact  on  hop.rd  that  vessel  Nov.  ■^\,  KiOO. 
lie  considfrs  th:U  ace  ''  tho  pivot  il  event  of  mjilerii  puliticnl  history  ;  ''  mid  coritonfis 
that,  "this,  —  t lie  first  written  constitution  of  pi;pul;ir  ^rovernnicnt  origin;iti.iJ 
by  the  people,  the  Vcria  of  American  institutions,  civil  and  religious,  —  marks 
no  less  a  cri>is  in  the  World's  history,  forcibly  iliiistratini;  M.  (juizot's  rcuuirk, 
that '  threat  ideas, '^reat  men  and  great  events  cannot  he  measured  by  the  magni- 
tude of  their  cradl  s.'  " 

He  produces  evidence  ti  show  that  New-England  had  a  reflex  influence  upon 
old  p]ngland,  that  the  daughter  assisted  in  moulding  the  character  of  tlie  mo- 
ther, particularly  in  those  eventful  times  when-  tlie  Kni^lish  pcoplo  fuiauei- 
pated  themselves  for  a  wlu'le  from  the  rule  of  the  Stuarts;  that  from  the  cahiu  of 
the  .Mayfl.iwer  proceeded  an  influence  which  has  been  felt,  for  good,  lar  beyond  the 
limits  of  New-England  or  even  of  America. 

•  Mr.  Thornton  is  the  first,  we  think,  to  show  the  important  influence  that  Xew- 
England  exercised  over  the  mother  country  at  the  great  ui)rising  of  the  pcojjle  in 
the" time  of  Charles  I.,  which  culminated  in  the  Eni^lish  Commonwealth.  The 
preshyterians  sought  to  substitute  tlieir  form  of  ecclc-iastical  governmerit  for  the 
episcopal,  and  to  lay  so  heavy  a  hand  on  the  free  thought  of  the  people  that  the 
poet  Milton  was  forced  to  exclaim  : 

"  New  Presbyter  is  but  old  Priest  writ  large." 

The  Fucccssof  the  preshyterians  was  prevented  by  the  independents,  reinforced 
by  Hugh  Peters  and  others  from  New-Engl.ind,  wh(jse  advanced  and  progresfcive 
ideas  had  a  powerful  and  ultimately  a  controlling  influence  over  public  atlairf:. 

Besides  tiie  pMlitical  and  reliirious  reforms  emanating  from  New-England.  Mr. 
Thornton  refers  to  important  legal  ones,  and  cites  Lord  Campbell  who  speaks  of 
the  "  enlightened  n\en,"  and  *'  wise  civil  measures  of  the  Commonwealth,"  declar- 
ing that  "  utmost  ti;e  whi 'e  of  the  Commonwealth  law  reforms  tiave  been  gradually 
introduced  "'into  the  English  system.  He  quotes  also  the  late  Prescott  Hall,  who 
declares  that  '"the  known  defects  in  the  laws  and  practice  of  England,  pointed  out 
and  most  strikingly  stated  by  Lord  Brougliam  in  his  great  speech  upon  Law  Re- 
forms, delivered  in  tiie  house  of  commons  in  18"^8,were  discovered  and  bani.-hed  from 
the  New-Eniiland  states  while  they  were  yet  colonies  under  the  British  crown  ;  "  and 
George  H.  Moore,  LL.D.,  who  asserts  that  "  I\Lassachusetts  has  given  the  law  to 
the  Ctiited  States  more  literally  than  either  her  friends  or  enemies  have  ever  dared 
to  claim  or  acknowledge  ;  and  the  diligent  student  of  legal  antiquities  may  recog- 
nize in  her  earliest  ci-des,  the  expression  of  principles  of  reformation  which  have  since 
pervaded  the  whole  realm  of  English  law." 

Mr.  Thornton  has  given  to  this  tract  a  persistent  and  exhaustive  research  ;  and 
his  citations  show  a  wonderful  mtistery  of  the  controversial  literature  of  the  seven- 
teenth century. 

The  work  was  originally  published  as  a  series  of  articles  in  the  Congregational 
Quart  2rly,  and  a  fevv  copies  have  been  printed  in  book  form  for  distribution  among 
histoiical  students.  We  hope  the  author  may  be  induced  to  give  the  public  the 
benefit  of  an  edition.  J.  w.  d. 

Oration  delivered  in  Carpenter's  Hall  on  the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of 
the  Meeting  of   the   Congress  of  1774.     By  Henry  Armitt    Brown. 

Philadelphia:   Privately  Printed.     1875.     [Royal  8vo.  pp.  52.] 

The  late  "William  Reed  Deane,  Esq.,  in  one  of  his  admirable  letters  to  the  New- 
York  Christian  Inquirer,  remarks:  "  By  our  annual,  semi-annual,  centennial,  and 
two-hundredth  anniversary  celebrations  of  the  tirst  settlement  of  our  country  and 
of  its  diU'ercnt  states,  cities,  towns,  or  other  localities — of  the  first  formation  of  va- 
rious religious  societies,  or  literary  and  scientific  institutions — of  the  tirst  proclama- 
tion of  certain  great  principles,  or  the  first  patriotic  acts  by  which  they  were  made 
the  laws  of  our  land— we  not  only.  Old  Mmtality  like,  scrape  the  mo^s  from  the 
names,  dates,  dteds  and  virtues,  etched  at  the  close  of  each  period  of  time,  but  we 
find,  upon  all  the  past,  inscribed  in  characters  we  cannot  efl'ace,  the  wonderfully 
providential  watchfulness  and  guidance  by  which,  as  a  nation  or  people,  in  our  se- 
vere political,  religious,  literary,  or  other  associated  capacities,  the  f^rd  thus  far 
hath  led  us  on."  Such  seems  to  be  the  feeling  and  experience  of  the  American  peo- 
ple at  tlie  present  time,  tor  we  are  now  in  the  midat  of  centennial  celebrations, 
mostly  of  evenr.s  in  the  American  Revolution. 


338  Book-Notices. 


[July, 


In  the  brilliant  con'^trihtion  of  liistnrfc  days  of  that  poriod,  the  day  on  which  th*" 
Lon-ressnf  1771  as^jn.hlcd  in  VnTpimU-v'ti  11,.!!,  I'l.iladLli>i.ia,  is  n  >t  the  least  de- 
servmg  of  cotrm,;in. ration.  Tiie  ce.it.jnary  of  t!,is  fvcnt  was  ct-lf-^Hatod  on  the  oth 
of  bep:e:nher  last,  |n  ttic  same  hall  in  whidi  the  first  Continental  Con-rt.-saswmhled 
the  Hon.  ilenry  W  iU.>„  vioe  president  of  the  Unite.l  Sutes,  and  other  di-nitaries 
ass.st.n,^.  Mr.  Brown,  rhe  nnt.r  of  the  day.  is  one  of  the  most  eloquent  speakers 
iri  n-nnsyhama,  nnJ  h.s  oration  does  juNtice  to  the  occasion  and  to  his  own  reputa- 
tion In  It  he  races  the  events  and  causes  which  led  to  thi.  a.se.nl)ly,  and  S  hl 
crJ  y  descnhes  th-  principal  actors  in  the  .cene  and  the  diifioultie.  th.Ar  encountered 
and  overcame.     U  e  quote  the  closin-  para-raph  •  ^  encounicreu 

\VKP^T?''"^''^""'r"-  this  anniversary  has  -one  by  forever,  and  my  task  Is  done 
\Vh,!eI  have  spoken  tlichuur  has  jnissed  from  us ;  the  hand  has  niovcd  upon  th^ 
dial,  and  l-,e  Old  Century  is  dead.  The  American  Cnion  hath  endured  one  hund  ed 
?n  vJn  Th'"  f''V  -f-'*^  "'■  "-•  'I't"'-^  tfie  voice  of  Humanity  shall  not  p  ad 
in  vain,  i here  shah  he  darkn.ss  ,n  the  ilavs  to  come  ;  Dani^er  f,,r  our  Coura^^e 
lemptat|on  for  our  Virtue;  Dauht  for  our  Faith  ;  Suffering  fr,r  our  Fortitu  .  "  A 
housand  «hall  fall  before  us  and  tens  of  thousands  at  our  ri^ht  hand.  The  year1 
shall  pass  beneath  our  feet  and  century  fallow  century  in  quick  succession      Tl" 

To  d  XV  ^f"  .'"'".  ''•'''  ";"T  ^""i-"  '  '!''  ^'''''''''  «^'^  ^'^-^"'^^^y  shall  be  ?"rVott  a 
To-day,  arid  the  glories  of  this  .Noon  shall  vanish  before  To-morrow's  «uir  bu^ 
America  shall  not  penah,  but  endure,  while  the  spirit  of  our  iutherranimates  thdr 

J.    W.    D. 

7he  Awcriran  BJhUopoUst      A  Lkerary  Register  and  ReposUory  of  Xof^s 

and  Queries^ha'cespeuruxna,  &c.  Vol.  7, Nevi-York  :  J.  Sabin 

&  Sons,  4..  ^.s.aa  ,s. ,  Loudon,  U  York  St.,  Covent  Gardea.     [Svo  1 
Ihis  periodical  is  published  every  other  month      Tf  w^a  i>o,„.,  .i  ,     • 

January,  ISf.O.  an,I^:,s  continued^K^udiintW  close  of  l8?4  "'Th.'^d""- '^'  '''r 
f  rVrhe^'^'  l",""-'"""  •'^■^i''"  P^''l''^'--''^t  its  comni«uL    ;t    'to  pfacf  be- 
fore the  book-buyin:,r  public,  a  continuous  re-ister  of  the  mnnv^d  llrl  ,f  '^  .k 
^ere;' constantly  nKiking  to  their  stock;  list-^  of  nenv  pubSons'^En:!^ 
American  ;  notices  of  the  sales  of  books  at  auction,  and  report?  eoncerrSimnor 
tant  Items  ;  useful  hints  and  suir-estions  ns  to  the  best  p.H  ,-;  nJ   e"„      i    V  °  .  u  ^  , 

library  of  tbe  late  John  Carter  BrLo '    '         •  "  '"'°'"'  S'"°=  ""  ''~"'"  "f  '^^ 

J.    W.   D. 

^''^''y^f^^^  First  Congregational  Church,  Stonlnqton,  Conn  1671-1874 
Wuh  Report  of  the  Bl-Centennlal  Proceedings,  Ine  3  ill  I  WUh  an 
Appendix  contauiing  Statistics  of  the  Church.  B v  RichIrd  A.  Wheelep 
Sbo.y  '     ^'''"■''^'  ^•'"''•=  '^-  "•  ^^''''^  '^"^i  Company.     1874.  [8vo.  pp.* 

The  bi-centennial  pic-pic  at  Stoninjton,  in  the  <:nmmer  o?  ia-i    ^ 
of  the  organization  of  the  Con-re-uinni    r  Imivh  h  ^^'^'  commemorative 

gatherin/the  widely  scattered  son'o     I  fit  nni'towr^nT'.h^         ^"'^''""^'"^  }"" 
scendants,  from  all  parts  of  the  union      ieej^rc^^^^^^  Jf.'"  ^."^^^['^"^  '\ 

were  of  more  than  usual  interest.     They  were  of'thenln^^'o  ?  ^°^""1  ''''•^''  ''''^ 

of  addresses,  an  historic  poem,  a  sen  i?n,Te  ter      "de^    h  •,nnr?'''/°'^  'vu''''''^ 

o^^''t?'^:r:;:7.:!::^^-l^;^^^^  ^^^tu.  of  the 

of  reli-rious  atf lirs  in  <;ton>^i,rN,,,       f-  m      ^'l^!^'''^^^  '^"'i  ^^  ^  full  and  minute  history 
D.U.,  aod  the  scrmua  ..  by  the  Kev.  f  aul  tVucI,,  the  pic.et,t  t,.^^,]    The  sSklici 


1875.] 


Deaths. 


339 


give  the  admi^;8ion8  to  the  church,  nnd  the  baptisms  and  marriacrcs  liy  the  Feverul 

i)astors  (or  the  hist  two  hiindivl  years.     These  rrcord.-.  soem  to  have  U;en  very  fully 
:ept.     Biogn.phiciil  ftketches  of  the  early  settlers  ot  Stmiingtoii,  and  otiier  valuable 
matters,  are  als;)  driven. 

Much  of  the  civ i!  as  well  as  the  eocle-jiastical  history  of  Stonington  is  embodied 
in  th'^sn  pai^e.-s.  The  author  has  been  lonj;  and  widely  known  f.ir  his  extensive 
knowl('dn;f  iif  the  history  and  !j;iiiealiitry  of  hid  scctiou  of  Conne»;ti<,'ut,  and  particu- 
larly of  hi-  native  town.  It  wuii  thvou;,di  his  rewareh  that  the  ancestry  of  President 
Grant  was  clearly  traced  to  New- Hni^iand  (««/^,  x\-i.  171).  In  the  volume  hcf.ire 
us  he  has  j;ivea  us  the  result  of  the  labor  of  hours  not  employed  in  his  profession  for 
many  years  if  not  for  a  liletiuie. 

The  book  is  from  the  Riverside  Press,  Cambridge,  and  does  credit  to  the  printers, 
Messrs.  II.  0.  Houghton  &  Co.  j.  w.  d. 

Notes  and  Queries  ;  a  Medium  of  latercommunication  for  Literary  Men, 
General  7i''adf:rs,  etc.  Fifth  Series,  Volume  Second.  July — Deoeuiuer, 
1874.  Lomlou :  Published  at  the  otilce,  20  Welliu^ton  Street,  Strand, 
W.  C,  by  John  Francis.     [Sm.  4  to.] 

Tha  second  volume  of  the  fifth  series  of  "  Notes  and  Queries  "  contains  matter 
of  the  greatest  iutcrct^t  to  the  scholar  and  the  antiquary.  The  number  and  variety 
of  subjects  in  this  volume  indicate  that  EugUsh  scholars  and  antiquaries  are  a3 
busy  as  ever  in  explorin;^  obscure  and  doubtful  points  in  litcratiue  and  history. 
It  is  with  pleasure  that  we  observe  the  nuuibur  of  Americin  contributors  increas- 
ing. Boston  and  Philadelphia  furnioh  contributions  to  this  volume.  Tliere  is  ho 
reason  v.'liy  the.  number  of  Amerio.in  contributors  should  not  he  still  Lirger,  since 
the  matters  discussed  in  Notes  and  Queries  have  just  the  .same  interest  to  us  as  to 
native  born  En;zlishmt^n.  Wherever  the  English  race  is,  there  must  also  be  a 
never  dying  interest  in  the  history  and  antiquities  of  Old  England. 

The  volumes  of  Notes  and  Queries  contain  so  much  historical  and  antiquarian 
matter,  and  so  much  criticism  on  literary  subjects,  that  no  author,  in  the  hij;her 
sphere  of  authorship,  can  get  along  without  consulting  iliem.  The  whole  series 
form  a  mine  of  varied  and  profound  learning,  and  deserve  a  place  in  every  well 
appointed  library.  C.  W.  Tlttle. 


DEATHS. 


Deant;,  Henry  "Ware,  Boston,  April  7, 
aged  27,  a  student  in  the  Medical 
School  of  Harvard  University.  He 
was  born  in  ijoston,  December,  1874, 
and  was  the  younixest  and  last  surviv- 
ingsonof  the  late  William  Reed  Deane, 
Esq.  An  obituary  of  his  mother,  Mrs. 
Abby  (Doggett)  Deane,  is  printed  in 
the  Register,  xv.  280. 

Mr.  Deane  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  18fiiJ,  and  before  com- 
mencing tiie  study  of  medicine,  taught 
afewvears  in  a  classical  school,  lie 
was  a  man  of  rare  excellence  of  cba- 
ract<;r,  and  a  life  which  promised 
great  usetulness  is  suddenly  cut  short. 

Drew,  Margery  Pepperrell,  in  Newfield, 
^le.,  May  0,  1875.  She  was  born  in 
Kittery,  March  17,  17'J0,  the  daugh- 
ter of  Andrew  Pepperrell  Wentworth, 
and  great-gri;at-_TaaddaughtfcT  of  Lt.- 


Gov.  Join  Wentworth,  of  New-Hamp- 
shire, ijne  was  the  widow  of  Andrew 
Drew,  of  Newlield.    JSee Register,  iv. 

3386. 

GooKiiN,  AYarren  D.,  at  hi«  residence  in 
Brooklyn,  X.  Y.,  Jan.  23.  1874.  lie 
was  the  son  of  Richard  and  Rebecca 
Gookin,  and  was  born  in  Haverhill, 
Feb.  16,  1810,  being  the  sixth  g"n.  in 
descent,  from  Major  Gen.  Daniel 
Gookin,  who  died  in  Cambridge,  Mass., 
168G-7. 

Sewakd,  the  Hon.  William  Henry,  in 
Auburn,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  10,  1872.  He  was 
born  in  Florida,  county  of  Orange,  N .  Y. , 
May  16,  1801.  His  first  emigrant  an- 
cestor settled  in  Conuecticut.  in  the 
reign  of  Queen  Anne.  Mr.  Seward  was 
the  son  of  Dr.  t^amuel  S.  and  Mary 
(Jennings)  Seward,    In  1S19  ho  taught 


340 


Deaths. 


[July. 


school  for  a  few  months  in  Georgia,  and 
in  1320  grudurited  with  honor  at  Union 
Colle;je  ;  studied  Luv  witli  Ji)hn  Diur 
and  Ogden  llorfnum.  eminent  juri.-^ts; 
admitted  to  the  liar  in  1822,  ami  sc-ttlecl 
in  Auburn  in  1S23  ;  pre-ssdent  of  a  srme 
convention  of  youn:»  nj-n  in  18'2S,  who 
supported  vTohn  (\.  Adam*  ibr  re-elec- 
tion to  ihc  pro^idcucy  of  the  United 
States;  member  otstato-.scnatc  in  IS'JO- 
4;  in  18:^3,  mjdethe  tour  of  Europe; 
a  candidate  of  the  anti-niasuidc  party 
"for  governor  of  New- York,  in  ISJl,  b\U 
elected  to  that  o dice  in  ISoS  and  1810; 
from  18  i2  to  184'>,  praoti-ed  his  profes- 
sion ;  lSi9-61,  United  .'^tatl•s  senator; 
sccrt'tary  of  state  in  tiie  administrations 
of  Presidents  Lincoln  and  Johnson. 
Jlr.  JSeward  may  properly  be  said  to 
have  been  one  of  the  foremost  orii^iiuitors 
of  the  whi^  party,  and  afterward  of  the 
republican  party.  He  becan\e  very  early 
known  as  an  unconipron\i<;ir.^  opponent 
of  Aniorican  slavery,  and  by  liis  spceciies 
before  the  people  and  in  con;^ri-ss,  and  by 
his  personal  influence  he  labored  earnest- 
ly not  only  to  prevent  the  t.rritoriil  ex- 
tension of  ihat  institution,  but  to  curtail 
its  influence  in  the  admini-tration  of  pub- 
lic affdirs.  His  opinions  and  theories, 
openly  and  boldiy  declared,  served  not 
only  to  create  and  consolidate  parties  in 
sympathy  or  opposition  to  such  views 
and  theories,  but  to  stimulate  and  inten- 
sity political  feelinj  in  botli  sections  of 
the  country.  He  opposed  all  compro- 
mises on  the  subject  of  slavery;  neverthe- 
less he  supported  Mr.  Clay,  Gen. 
Harrison  and  Gen.  Taylor  for  the  presi- 
dency. In  18'o0,  he  was  a  candidate  in 
the  national  convention  of  the  rep'iblican 
party,  but  was  defeated  by  Mr.  Lincoln, 
contrary  to  the  expectations  and  proba- 
bly contrary  to  the  preferences  of  a  large 
majori  :y  of  the  party  of  which  he  was 
the  chief  concocter  and  able?t  member. 

As  secretary  of  state  durin:^  the  civil 
war  and  during  Mr.  Johnson's  admin- 
istration he  showed  masterly  ability,  and 
contri'ovted  more  than  anj-  one  else  in 
civil  life  to  the  final  success  of  the  union 
cause. 

Yet  it  must  be  confessed  that  he  often 
exercised,  and  permitted  his  subordinates 
to  persist  in  exercising,  authority  not 
conferred  by  law,  ejther  civil  or  milita- 
ry, which  in  many  instances  re.-ulted  in 
gross  injustice  and  lasting  injury  to  in- 
nocent persons. 

While  in  the  legislature  of  New-York 


and  in  the  federal  senate  Mr.  Seward 
took  nn  active  int'-ro>t  in  all  import^mt 
questions.  He  advocated  general  edu- 
cation, internal  improvements,  and  re- 
form in  law  and  chancery  procedure, 
and,  as  to  political  or  party  measures, 
whether  he  was  acting  with  or  in  oppo- 
sition to  the  dominant  party,  he  declar- 
ed his  opinions  and  sentiments  with 
perfect  fearlessness.  His  moderation  of 
manner  and  langunge  and  his  court(;sv 
in  d'-bate  were,  however,  as  remarkable 
ns  the  force  and  wide-spread  influence 
of  his  utterances.  It  is  believed  that  he 
was  never  guilty  of  undue  personalities, 
ofl'ensive  language  or  unparliamentary 
conduct  during  his  public  life.  His 
influence  in  the  cabinets  of  Presidents 
Lincoln  and  Johnson  was  very  great,  as 
it  was  upon  the  country  at  large. 

Mr.  Reward  had  naturally  a  philoso- 
phical mind,  and  a  fondness  for  abstract 
thought.  This  tendency  was  apparent 
in  both  his  public  and  forensic  addresses 
and  speeches,  as  well  as  in  his  formal 
writings,  but  he  lacked  the  breadth  and 
strength  of  intellectual  power  of  Mar- 
shall.Webster,  Calhoun,  or  Silas  Wright. 
He  was  not  a  scholar,  but  he  had  schol- 
arly tastes  and  aptitudes,  and  if  he  had 
not  been  engrossed  in  politics  during 
the  greater  part  of  his  life  would  un- 
doubtedly have  left  behind  him  some 
worthy  and  lasting  product  of  his  in- 
quisitive mind.  La  1849,  Mr.  Seward 
wrote  the  life  of  John  Quincy  Adams; 
and  selections  from  his  own  addresses, 
speeches,  correspondence,  &c.,  were  pub- 
lished in  lSo3-62,  in  four  volumes. 

Mr.  Seward  was  a  member  of  a  large 
number  of  literary  societies,  and  receiv- 
ed, in  1851,  tl'.e  degree  of  doctor  of  laws 
from  Yale  College. 

Spoon-fr,  Thomas,  Enfield,  Conn..  May 
31,  1H74,  aged  73  years,  7  months  -and 
1  day.  He  was  descended  from  Wil- 
Hiin}  and  Hannah  (Pratt)  Spooner  of 
Dartmouth,  SamueP  and  Rebecca 
(^Vt;ston)  Spooner,  Amr.ziah,^  and 
Lydia  (Fay)  Spooner,  Thomas*  (his 
father)  and  Martha  Smith  Spooner, 
of  llardwick,  Ma.e.s.  His  three  chil- 
dren and  six  of  his  seven  grandchil- 
dren survive  him. 

TcTTLE,  Joel  Stouahton.  Center  Point, 
Arkansas,  Oct.  19,  1874.  He  was  bora 
in  Newtield,  .Maine,  March  25,  1S35. 
Ante,  vol.  xxi.  p.  140. 


[J^^  Price  of  this  Nil  mbcr  { ij6  pages),  $i.2j. 


THE 


KE^Y-EXGLAXD 

HiSTOEJCALAND  GeKEALOGICAL 
1?  17  r^  T  Q  T  ]-?  V 


N^  CXVL 

YOL.    XXIX.  —  OCTOBEIl,    1875 


IN  MEMORIAM  MAJORU^\ 


PUBLISHED  UNDER  THE  DIRECTION  OF  TILE 
NEW-ENGLAND  HISTORIC,  GENEALOGICAL  SOCIETY. 


BOSTON: 
THE  SOCIETY'S  HOUSE,  18  SOMERSET  STREET. 

66-4  Washixoton'  St, 
TEEMS  $3  A  YEAE,  IT7  ADVAWCrE. /^ 


.1      -^.#v. 


''1 


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-i.diUki  dsimmf^ 


187 


TPIE 

niSTORICxVL  AXD  GENEALOGICAL 
REGISTER. 


OCTOBER.  1875. 


THE  CENTENNIAL  ANNIVERSARY  OF  THE  PROVINCIAL 
LEGISLATURE   IN   SALEM,   OCT.  5,   1774. 

An  Address'  by  Abner  C.  Goodell,  Jr.,  Esq.,  of  Salem, 

ONE  of  tlie  most  striking  and  suggestive  fables  of  Greek  History  is 
tl'e  story  of  the  founder  of  Athens.  Arrived  at  manhood,  Theseus 
parts  from  his  mother,  lifts  the  stone  under  which  lie  concealed  the  patri- 
monial sword  aud  sandals,  and  proceeds  on  his  eventful  way.  Wielded  by 
his  vigorous  arm,  his  trenchant  blade  now  parries  the  tremendous  club  of 
Corynetes,  and  now  pierces  the  obdurate  hide  of  the  terrible  Phrea.  He 
crowns  his  triumphanL  progress  by  still  greater  deeds  of  renown;  he  safely 
threads  the  dismal  aud  intricate  labyrinth  of  Crete,  frees  its  despairing  cap- 
tives, and  slays  the  monster  Minotaur.  Returning  thence,  he  calls 
together  tlie  sons  of -Hellas,  and  raises  the  standard  of  united  Attica. 

The  true  story  we  are  assembled  to  commemorate  finds  in  this  fable  a 
parallel.  Sprung  from  a  nation  the  proudest  and  greatest  in  all  history,  the 
genius  of  independence  was  first  transplanted  to  these  rugged  shores  of  the 
Massachusetts  Bay.  Nurtured  long  in  the  severe  and  heroic  discipline  of 
this  wi, stern  wilderness,  as  if  preparing  for  its  majestic  mission,  at  length, 
in  this  ancient  town,  it  first  otlicially  repudiated  the  control  of  the  mother- 
land, and,  fully  comprehending  the  greatness  of  its  destiny,  girded  itself  for 
desperate  contlict.  Later,  it  lifted  and  laid  the  corner-stone  of  the  Repub- 
lic, in  the  immortal  Declaration  at  Philadelphia,  and  turned  the  sword, 
already  unsheathed  in  self-defence,  to  deeds  of  aggressive  war.  Against 
formidable  obstacles  and  discouragements,  with  matchless  fortitude,  through 
eight  dreary  years  of  contlict,  it  parried  the  thrusts  of  treason,  pricked  the 
sides  of  apathy  and  halting  discontent,  vanquished  that  imnatural  monster, 
— a  hireling  foe,  and  compelled  the  ministers  of  tyranny  to  acknowledge 
the  victory.  ^Meanwhile,  it  had  successfully  threaded  the  labyrinth  of  the 
untried  inter-colooial  system,  delivered  these  youthftd  states  from  the  frown- 
ing walls  of  doubt  that  environed  them,  and  raised  the  standard  of  an 
harmonious  confederation. 

In  one  important  feature,  however,  the  parallel  fiiils.  The  noble  ^thra, 
looking  upon  her  son  as  the  heaven-favored  scion  of  Pelops'  line,  and  swelling 

'  Delivered  before  the  Essex  In-tit;ite,  on  Moiidar  evening,  Oct.  o,  1S74,  and  reprinted  by 
consent  from  the  Esjcx  lusritute  lii-tovieal  Collections. 
VOL.  XXIX.  30 


y. 
342  Mr.  GoodelVs  Address  at  Salem.  [y 

with  high  hopes  of  his  future  glory,  invoked  a  favorable  issue  on  his  jour- 
ney, 1(  d  hira  to  the  stone  which  his  father's  hand  had  placed,  and  rejoiced 
as,  .with  elastic  step,  he  went  fortli  from  her  presence.  Not  so  with  her  to 
whom  our  fathers  Iool<od  witli  filial  1(ac  and  reverence.  The  bosom  that 
had  heroically  nnrscd  the  spirit  of  in(h^pondenco,  heaved  only  with  indig- 
nation when  her  sons  asserted  their  birthright.  The  mother  who  with  almost 
raort;il  pangs  had  brought  forth  every  idea  involved  in  our  struggglc  for  the 
right  of  self-government,  answored  the  appeals  of  her  children  for  the  lib- 
erties of  Englishmen,  witli  taunts  and  objurgations,  and  met  every  ctH^rt  to 
assert  them  with  nuw  measures  of  oppression,  and  fresh  displays  of  coercive 
power.  Nay,  she  herself  created  the  monsters  of  tyranny  that  beset  the 
path  of  her  children,  and  rejoiced,  with  unnatural  joy,  when  their  defeat 
seemed  imminent. 

This  is  tlie  theme,  so  inspiring  and  yet  so  sad,  which  the  lapse  of  a  cen- 
tury invites  us  to  ponder.  If,  haply,  in  restoring  tints  that  have  faded 
from  the  well-worn  pictures  of  the  past,  we  bring  into  brighter  relief  ex- 
amples of  heroism  that  shall  stimulate  a  just  and  healthy  pride,  and  furnish 
new  incentives  to  patriotism  and  noble  living,  the  labor  will  be  not  5\'ithout 
profit ;  or  if,  in  waking  the  echoes  of  those  voices,  long  silent,  which,  from 
the  inmost  heart  of  England,  and  above  the  hostile  din  of  partisan  clamor, 
spoke  words  of  lofty  cheer  to  our  struggling  graudsires  in  the  solemn  hours 
of  the  Revolution,  we  shall  strengthen  the  ancient  ties  of  love  and  friend- 
ship which  sti!l  attach  us  to  the  home  of  our  ancestors,  the  etfort  will  be 
rewarded  with  unspeakable  pleasure. 

In  order  better  to  understand  the  historical  and  political  significance  of 
the  events  we  are  about  to  consider,  it  will  be  well  to  review  the  relations 
that  had  existed  between  Great  Britain  and  her  American  colonies,  before 
we  inquire,  particularly,  what  took  place  in  the  town  of  Salem  one  hun- 
dred years  ago. 

Three  kings  of  the  house  of  Hanover,  of  the  same  name,  had  successive- 
ly held  the  sceptre  of  Great  Britain.  George  the  Third  had  been  upon 
the  throne  fourteen  years ;  and,  though  reputed  a  faithful  husband  and 
indulgent  father,  had  shown,  from  the  first,  an  .utter  want  of  sympathy  with 
the  traditional  tendencies  of  English  government,  and  ignorance  of,  or  dis- 
regard for,  the  best  lessons  of  English  history.  Yq  emulated  the  Stuarts 
in  bis  jealous  zeal  for  the  royal  prerogative,  opposition  to  political  pro- 
gress and  indifference  to  the  welfare  of  the  people,  except  so  far  as  he  ima- 
gined it  might  insure  th6  stability  or  increase  the  grandeur  of  the  throne. 
Generally  it  happens  that  some  great  minister  or  cabal  stands  behind  the 
throne,  and  directs  its  motions  ;  but  this  monarch  seldom  permitted  himself 
to  be  persuaded,  and  never  to  be  intimidated.  He  remembered  his  mother's 
injunction, "  George,  be  King,"  and  he  observed  it  with  undoubting,  and, 
apparently,  unconscious  fidelity,  as  if  in  the  exercise  of  a  right  as  clear  and 
tmquestioned  as  an  axiom  in  mathematics.  How  far  he  secretly  entertained 
the  doctrine  of  divine  right,  which  had  become  infamous  under  the  Stuarts, 
and  was  finally  rejected  in  the  revolution  of  IGSS,  and  the  act  of  settle- 
ment, it  is  needless  to  inquire.  It  is  enough  that  his  construction  of  the 
constitution,  by  its  menace  of  peril  to  English  liberties,  put  him  in  opposi- 
tion to  the  best  minds  of  the  nation  as  surely  as  did  their  assumption  of 
divine  ordination  and  independent  authority. 

Partly  by  the  bestowraent  of  offices,  dignities,  and  pensions,  and  partlv 
by  notoriously  promoting  the  election  of  those  whose  known  views  accorded 
with  his  own,  King  George  the  Third  had  found  it  possible  to  surround 


1875.]  3Tr.  GoodelV s  Address  at  Salem.  343 

himself  with  ministers,  aiul  to  secure  numerical  majorities  iu  parliament. 
vvUliug  to  go  alm.tst  any  Ifiiuth  in  sH[>i)ort  ot  his  favorite  measures. 

It  was  iu  a  parliatneiit  thus  constituttxl  tliat  a  tlieoi-y,  afnraiin;^  th.e  ab- 
solute right  of  tliu  ilouit;  Ltovei'iimont  to  unliaiit(i<l  control  of  ail  legisla- 
tive and  administrative  fuuctious  in  the  colonies,  began  to  be  asserted  and 
acted  upoii,  by  the  King  and  his  retainers,  with  vigor  and  without  scrujile. 
This  theory,  which  had  been  maintained  iu  the  clays  of  the  Stuarts,  and 
proposed  iu  later  times  against  strenuous  protests,  and  had  been  put  in  prac- 
tice when  the  colonics  were  too  much  occupied,  iu  their  struggles  with  a 
common  enemy,  to  make  etlective  opposition  possible,  was  unsupported 
by  the  best  established  precedents  ;  but  it  could  be  presented  iu  such 
specious  forms,  and  defended  by  such  refinement  of  reasoning,  that 
those  of  its  opponents  who  could  keep  their  vision  steadily  fixed  upon  its 
essential  fallacy  were  few.  So,  while  the  injustice  of  its  practical  applica- 
tion to  the  American  colonies  was  evident  to  all  friends  of  the  constitution, 
their  grounds  of  objection  were  various,  and  the  novel  questions  of  law  and 
policy  which  it  involved,  evoked  heated  discussions  on  both  sides  of  the 
Atlantic. 

Other  unsound  propositions  respecting  personal  liberty,  and  the  freedom 
of  speech  and  of  the  press,  began  to  be  maintained  at  the  instance,  or  with 
the  sanction,  of  the  Government,  and  were  adopted  and  applied  in  the 
courts  of  justice.  These  met  with  vehement  opposition ;  and  England 
teemed  with  controversial  y)amphlets  and  newspaper  articles,  upon  the  pow- 
ers of  the  government  and  the  rights  of  the  citizen.  The  popular  party, 
prominent  in  which  appeared  the  anonymous  writer  Junius,  whose  elegant 
and  incisive  criticisms  laid  his  antagonists,  by  their  own  confession,  upon  a 
bed  of  torture,^  made  the  best  arguments  ;  but  their  opponents  had  the 
coimtenance  of  the  Crown.  These  etlusions  were  copied  and  widely  cir- 
culated in  the  colonies ;  and  there  were  many  here  who  began  to  share  the 
conviction  of  the  more  radical  refonners  of  England,  that  the  King  and  his 
advisers  were  con.^pirators  against  the  constitutional  liberties  of  Englishmen 
and  the  natural  rights  of  man.  In  both  countries,  among  thoughtful  men,  the 
course  of  the  Government  was  a  theme  constantly  agitated,  and  the  source 
of  repeated  discomfiture  and  profound  alarm. 

"With  regard  to  colonial  aftairs,  what  to  Englishmen  at  home  seemed 
but  a  subversive  theory,  and  therefore  worthy  of  denunciation  and  of  eftbrts 
for  repeal,  was  to  these  colonies  a  terrible  and  bitter  realization  of  the  en- 
croachments of  tyranny,  and  engendered  thoughts  of  open  resistance. 

The  stamp  act  of  17G5,  imposing  a  tax  without  the  consent  of  the 
colonies,  provoked  prompt  demonstrations  of  hostility,  here,  and  led  to  a 
Congress  of  nine  of  the  colonies,  at  New- York,  whose  earnest  protest  etTect- 
ed  a  repeal.  Massachusetts,  the  principal  maritime  colony,  had  taken  the 
lead  in  all  measures  of  opposition,  and  she  had  assumed  the  most  prominent 
part  in  the  movement  for  united  colonial  action.  The  repeal  of  this  act 
was  accompanied  by  a  declaration  of  the  right  of  parliament  to  tax  the 
colonies,  and  was  followed  by  the  adoption  of  more  stringent  measures, 
proposed  by  a  new  ministry. 

The  impost  act  of  1767,  laying  a  duty  on  several  imported  articles, 
including  tea,  and  reinforced  by  provisions  intended  to  make  the  courts  of 
justice  here  more  effective  agents  of  the  Crown,  was  promulgated  with  a 
display  of  land  and  naval  forces,  to  intimidate,  if  not  to  coerce,  the  colo- 

*  See  iLc  kncr  of  Sir  Wiiiiain  Draper  to  Junius,  Oct.  7, 1769. 


34-1  ■         Mr.  GooddVs  Address  at  Scdem.  [Oct. 

nists  into  obedience.  Again  Massachnsr-tls  appealcfl  t6  her  sister  colonies  ; 
and,  iu  (.loiumce  of  the  express  orders  of  the  Crov.u,  her  Legislature,  by 
an  .overwhelming  majority,  refused  to  rescind  the  vote  whereby  that 
appeal  was  authorized. 

After  the  Boston  iM.a,.sacre,  tlie  liritish  troops,  wi)ich  had  been  quartered 
in  tliit  town  almost  witliin  hearing  of  the  debates  of  the  Assembly,  were 
withdrawn  at  the  instant  and  firm  demand  of  the  brave  inhabitants,  made 
through  their  spokesman,  Samuel  Adams  ;  and  this  impost  act  was  repealed, 
except  the  item  fixing  a  duty  on  tea,  which  was,  however,  rendered  prac- 
tically void  by  the  refusal  of  the  people  to  use  that  article. 

I>ut  the  king  was  determined  not  to  be  foiled  in  his  }iurpose  to  exact 
from  these  colonies  an  acknowledgment  of  the  supreme  authority  of  the 
imperial  legislature;  and,  ahhough  in  tlie  year  1772  the  whole  net  in- 
come derived  by  Great  J5ritain  from  colonial  taxation  had  amounted  to  but 
eighty-five  pounds  sterling,^  parliament,  the  next  year,  tinder  pretence  of 
increasing  the  revenue,  renewed  its  attempts  to  bring  the  colonies  into  sub- 
jection, by  conferring  upon  the  East-India  Company  privileges  amounting 
to  a  monopoly  of  the  tea  trade  with  America,  and  exacting  from  them  a 
duty  of  but  three-pence  per  pound,  instead  of  the  shilling  duty  jireviously 
imposed.  This  insidious  measure,  it  was  thought,  would  ptrevail  against  the 
scruples  of  the  colonists,  put  an  end  to  smuggling,  and  establish  a  pre- 
cedent in  favor  of  the  claims  of  the  ministry. 

The  excitement  which  ensued  here  upon  the  publication  of  this  act,  the 
violent  demonstrations  of  tlie  mobs, — especially  the  destruction  of  the  tea 
in  Boston  harbor,  the  particulars  of  which  were  discussed  at  our  anniversa- 
ry notice  of  that  event  last  winter, — convinced  the  Home  Government  that 
the  objections  of  the  colonists  were  radical,  that  they  were  founded  on 
principle,  and  could  not  be  overcome  by  menaces,  or  silenced  by  any  con- 
siderations of  temporary  profit,  in  the  nature  of  a  bribe.  They  were  satis- 
fied that  to  insure  the  success  of  the  new  measures,  something  more  was 
needed  than  the  former  show  of  authority,  and  the  appointment  of  subser- 
vient agents  ;  and  plans  for  active  coercion  were  now  promptly  determined, 
upon.  Accordingly,  in  response  to  a  message  from  the  King,  parliament, 
in  the  spring  of  1774,  enacted  a  law  closing  the  port  of  Boston,  as  a  pun- 
ishment for  her  contumacy,  and  removing  the  seat  o'  customs  to  Salem  and 
Marblehead.  To  enforce  the  blockade,  and  to  insure  obedience  to  the 
orders  of  the  privy  council,  and  to  certain  contemplated  acts  of  parliament, 
which  were  soon  to  be  promulgated,  it  was  deemed  proper  to  call  to  the 
highest  ofHce  of  the  provincial  government, — which  liad  hitherto  been  held 
by  native-born  citizens,  or  persons  in  civil  life, — a  British  soklier,  competent 
to  direct  the  movements  of  forces  sulliciently  large  to  overawe  the  colo- 
nists. Therefore  Thomas  Gage,  who  had  been  commander-in-chief  of  the 
army  in  America,  was  appointed  to  the  command  of  this  province,  and  soon 
after  commissioned  as  Governor. 

Gage  arrived  at  Boston  on  the  13th  of  ^lay,  and  was  soon  followed  by 
several  regiments  of  the  regular  army.  Here  he  found  that  writs  had  al- 
ready been  issued  for  convening  the  General  Assembly  in  the  old  State 
House  in  Boston,  on  the  25th  of  the  same  month.      He  accordingly  met 

'  So  stated  at  the  time,  without  di.s?ent,  In  the  f  imoiis  speech  of  the  Bi?hop  of  St.  Asaph, 
Am.  Archives,  Fourth  Scries,  vol.  i.  p.  99.  This  .-peech  was  published  in  England,  at  the 
time,  in  a  pamplili.t,  at.  one  .shiilinLr,  sterliii'^r.  It  was  republished  in  Salem,  by  the 
brothers  Hall,  of  tlie  "  Essex  Gazette,"  for  "  no  more  than  six  coppers." — See  "  Esses 
Gazette,"  of  Sept.  20, 1774,  No.  321.     It  was  widely  read  in  the  colonies. 


1875.]  Mr.  GoodelVs  Address  at  Salem.  345 

with  that  body,  nnd,  after  rejecting  thirteen  of  their  newly-ohoscn  councillors, 
iucludiiig  those  wlio  were  niosL  proiuinent  in  their  o[)|K)sition  to  the  acts  of 
parliament,  he  notilied  them  that,  after  the  first  day  of  the  following 
nionth,  he  should  liold  tiie  General  Court  in  Salem,  in  accordance  with 
tlie  special  conuuand  of  the  King-  Fearing  a  voluntary  adjournment,  the 
Governor,  ;«.  \\(?ek  later,  suddenly  adjourned  the  Court  to  meet  here  on  the 
7th  of  June.  More  tlian  forty  years  before,  Gov.  l>urnet  had  executed  a 
threat  against  the  patriots  of  Jioston,  wlio  controlled  alVairs  in  that  brave 
old  town,  by  adjourning  the  Assembly  to  the  same  place,  alleging,  as  one 
reason  for  tliis  course,  that  he  was  informed  that  the  people  here  were,  like 
their  re|)reseutative>,  well  inclined  to  the  King,  and  that  the  country  mem- 
bers would  '•  not  be  so  much  tampered  with  "  here  as  in  Boston.* 

From  the  selection  of  this  new  seat  of  government  it  would  seem  that 
the  impression  made  upon  the  ministry  by  Burnet's  action  had  not  been 
etlaced.  Perhaps  itv.as  kept  vix'id  by  the  known  popularity  here  of  the  lirowne 
family' — a  family  always  conspicuously  loyal,  and  to  a  member  of  which 
Gov.  Burnet  had  given  his  daughter  in  marriage. 

The  removal  of  the  legislature  from  Boston  had  never  been  ordeied  with- 
out a  protest  from  the  Representatives,  even  when  the  prevalence  of  the 
small-pox  there  rendered  it  imperative  ;  and  Gage's  predecessor,  Kutchln- 
son,  had  greatly  added  to  the  opprobrium  with  which  his  name  was  loaded, 
by  adjcuruing  to,  and  holding  the  General  Court  at,  Cambridge,  in  obedi- 
ence to  the  orders  of  the  privy  council.  The  old  arguments  against  this 
removal  were  mainly  based  on  the  form  of  the  writ  for  convening  the 
Assembly,  in  which  Boston  was  named  as  the  place  of  meeting ;  and  as 
that  form,  though  enacted  by  the  provincial  legislature,  had  been  sanctioned 
by  the  King  in  council,  and  never  repealed,  it  was  urged  that  the  General 
Court  could  not  be  held  elsewhere.  B>ut  this  position  had  been  generally 
abandoned  as  untenable,  and  the  change  wos  now  0}jpo5ed  on  grounds  of 
policy  and  convenit-nce.  The  adjournment  by  the  Governor,  witbout  con- 
sultation v,-ith  the  A:?sembly,  and  by  the  unauthorized  direction  of  the  privy 
council,  was  loudly  denounced  as  uncalled  for,  and  a  grievance. 

This  rapid  sketch  of  the  progress  and  posture  of  ali'airs  down  to  the  time 
of  the  first  meeting  of  the  Assembly  here  under  Gage,  excludes  many  im- 
portan ,  events  wh'ch  were  transpiring  in  quick  succession  in  Great  Britain, 
in  this  province,  and  throughout  the  American  colonies. 

Dr.  Franklin,  for  his  advocacy  of  the  claims  of  the  colonies,  had  been 
removed  from  the  charge  of  the  general  post-otiice, — which,  under  his  pru- 
dent and  skilful  nvuiagement,  had  become  usefid  and  profitable, — and  a 
private  system  of  letter-carriage  had  been  put  in  competition  with  the  regu- 
lar mails,  whereby  the  committees  of  correspondence  might  exchange  advices 
with  speed  and  safety.  These  committees,  which,  on  former  occasions,  had 
been  found  useful  in  promoting  local  and  inter-colonial  concert  of  action, 
were  now  revived  and  actively  employed.  Pulpits  rang  with  earnest  de- 
nunciations of  the  tyranny  of  the  administration,  and  with  exhortations  to 
firmness  in  patriotic  duty.  The  Boston  massacre  was  commemorated  by 
an  annual  oration.  Pamphlets  circulated  the'  arguments  of  patriots  and 
tories  ;  and  broadsides  and  newspapers  brought  to  every  household  reports 
of  the  doings  of  municipal  and  legislative  bodies,  the  most  eloquent  speeches 

1  See  Buniet's  Letter  to  the  Lords  of  Trade,  Oct.  26,  1728,  ia  notes  to  Acts  and  Kesolvea 
of  tliC  Pr'jviac-2  ol"M;>sr-i:':hu5et:5  Lay,  vol.  ii.  p.  523. 

-  Althou;::i  ihiu  i.uuily  ii  no.v  exciiict  lion.-,  in  the  male  line,  the  name  is  still  attached 
to  one  of  our  public  schools,  and  dciigaates  one  of  our  principal  streets. 

VOL.  XXIX.  30* 


346  J/r.  GoodelVs  Address  at  Salem.  [Oct. 

of  the  fri(;nfls  of  tho  colonies  in  parliament,  patriotic  songs,  and  narratives  of 
turbnlent  proceedings.  'J'he  niiinitest  acti(;us  of  the  civil  agents  of  the 
Crown,  and  the  movements  of  troops,  transports  and  armed  vessels,  were 
■watched  with  lynxed-eyed  vigilance,  and  tidings  of  every  important  step 
of  the  enemy  Averivconv«'yed,  by  swift  messengers,  from  town  to  towu  and 
from  colony  to  colony. 

Massachnsetts  was  still  tho  principal  theatre  of  opposition  to  tyranny, 
but  her  patriots,  chief  ani(;ng  whom  stoo<I  Sanuiel  Adams  of  Boston, — a  man 
ever  to  be  held  in  highest  veneration, — were  wise  enough  to  foresee  that, 
unless  the  general  con^Mit  of  the  sister  colonies  could  be  secured,  all  etforts 
for  liberty  were  without  tiie  prospect  of  success.  Such  a  cooperation  had 
effected  the  repeal  of  the  stainp  act  in  17G5,  and  similar  efforts,  iu  17C8, 
bad  Reen  followed  by  tlic  partial  i-epeal  of  the  impost  act  of  the  previous 
year.  Who  should  say  that  the  united  action  of  the  colonies  in  another 
Congress  would  not  re.-ult  in  some  fuud  plan  of  agreement  npon  the  great 
questions  at  issue  between  them  and  the  Home  Government? 

Up  to  this  time,  and  long  afterward,  notliing  w"a3  sought  by  the  colonists 
but  reconciliation,  without  tlie  sacrifice  of  constitutional  rights.  The  colo- 
nists claimed  to  be  Englishmen,  loyal  to  the  Crown  and  constitution,  and 
would  not  tolerate  the  sug^^estion  of  a  resort  to  measures  directly  aiming  at 
separation. 

Unfo)  tunately  for  the  prospect  of  union,  for  some  time  previous  to  the 
destruction  of  the  tea,  serious  diiferences  had  arisen  among  the  colonies. 
These  ditFerences  grew,  partly,  out  of  the  breach,  by  some  of  them,  of  an 
agreement  not  to  import  goods  from  Great  Ikitain  until  the  oppressive  acts 
of  parliament  had  been  repealed,  and  partly  from  the  uncertain  location  of 
boundary -lines  betweeji  adjoining  cohmics.  They  had  estranged  the  colo- 
nists to  such  a  degree  that  all  but  the  most  sanguine  patriots  were  dis- 
couraged ;  and  Hutchinson  was  led  to  write  exultingly  to  Lord  Hills- 
borough, at  the  beginni'jg  of  177"J,  that  the  Massachusetts  patriots  seemed 
"  to  1)3  deserted  by  their  late  correspondents  in  Pennsylvania  and  New 
York,  and  all  coutidence  is  at  an  end."*  It  was  also  a  disheartening  recol- 
lection that  in  the  Congress  of  17 Go  the  great  colony  of  Virginia  was  not 
represented. 

Thi  t  colony  embraced  a  territory  larger,  by  nearly  ten  thousand  square 
miles,  than  the  entire  surface  of  Great  Britain,  and  claimed  contiguous  ter- 
ritory larger  than  both  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  It  had  a  population,  in 
1774,  of  between  live  hundred  thousand  and  six  hundred  thousand  inhabi- 
tants,— which,  added  to  that  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  nearly  equalled  the 
population  of  all  the  other  New-England  and  Middle  colonies. 

Without  Virginia,  therefore,  any  confederation  would  appear  weak  and 
defective  ;  but  with  Virginia,  it  would  show  a  front  sufficiently  formidable, 
it  was  hoped  and  believed,  to  insure  etfectual  resistance.  What,  then,  was 
the  joy  of  our  patriots  to  liml  that  ancient  and  powerful  colony,  aroused  by 
the  new  measures  now  specially  directed  against  Massachusetts,  chivalrously 
siding  with  her  injured  sister  and  actually  starting  the  suggestion  for  a  Con- ' 
tinental  Congress. 

The  persecution  of  Massachusetts,  moreover,  had  brought  the  other  colo- 
nies to  prompt  and  spontaneous  renenMis  of  their  former  professions  of 
sympathy;  and  tho  idea  of  a  Congress  seemed  so  warmly  and  generally 
entertained,  that   our   iiatriots   saw  iu   the  change    the    active  iaterposi- 

'  From  a  copv  of  the  Icttir  (No.  20)  furnished  me  by  Mr.  Samsbiu-v,  of  Her  Majesty's 
Public  Record  Office.    It  is  dated  Jan.  24, 1772. 


1875.]  M)\  GoodelVs  Address  at  Salem.  347 

tiou  of  ProvideHce,  and  broke  forth  in  prayers  of  gratitude  aud  strains  of 
rejoicing. 

Such  were  tlie  cau?es  of  the  conflicting  emotions  whicli  filled  tlie  hearts 
of  the  o.sscmbly-men  when  they  ciune  lOLrether,  by  the  Governor's  appuint- 
rnent,  at  Salem,  on  the  lyemonible  7th  of  June. 

Philadelphia,  nnd  the  month  of  September,  had  been  fixed  as  the  time 
and  place  for  the  jiroposed  Congress. 

The  Governor  {jroeecded  to  Salem  on  the  Thursday  before  the  Assembly 
met,  and,  the  next  Saturday,  being  the  anniversary  of  the  birth  of  the  King, 
he  was  received  with  great  parade,  ending  with  a  most  britliant  ball  at  the 
old  Assenibly-IIall,'  on  jMonday  evening. 

But  under  these  outward  demonstrations  of  joy,  there  rankled  in  every 
patriotic  breast  increasing  pangs  of  disappointment  and  sorrow  ;  for,  only 
two  nights  before,  there  liad  arrived  from  Bristol,  copies  of  two  bills  pend- 
ing before  parliament,  which,  there  was  every  reason  to  believe,  had  received 
the  Koyal  assent  before  their  publication  here.  These  two  acts, — one  pur- 
porting to  be  for  better  regulating  the  government  of  the  province,  and  the 
other  for  the  impartial  aduilnistration  of  justice  here,  in  certain  cases, — 
would,  if  tlrmly  established  and  enforced,  sweep  away  the  last  vestige  of  the 
right  of  self-government,  and  reduce  the  province  to  absolute  subjection  to 
foreign  rule. 

The  session  lasted  but  eleven  days.  On  the  second  day,  before  proceed- 
ing to  business,  the  House  passed  five  resolutions  protesting  against  the 
'removal  to  Salem,  as  a  grievance ;  and  the  next  day  sent  to  the  Governor 
as  their  answer  to  his  speech  at  the  opening  of  the  session,  a  communica- 
tion full  of  the  same  subject.  Six  days  later  the  Council  presented  to  the 
Governor  an  address,  in  which  an  invidious  allusion  was  made  to  Gage's 
predecessor.  Gage  interrupted  the  reader  of  the  address,  at  this  point,  and 
refused  to  let  him  proceed.  He  then  returned  a  brief  written  reply,  con- 
cluding, "I  consider  the  address  an  insult  upon  his  Majesty,  and  the  Lords 
of  the  privy  council,  and  an  affront  to  myself." 

The  communications  between  the  Governor  and  the  Assembly  having 
proved  thus  fruitless  and  exasperating,  no  further  political  measures  tran- 
spired in  either  branch  until  the  17th,  when  the  House  passed  a  resolve, 
appointing  as  delegates  to  the  Congress  at  Phi  adelphia,  James  Bowdoin, 
Thomas  Gushing,  Samuel  Adams,  John  Adams  and  Robert  Treat  Paine. 
The  purpose  of  the  Congress,  as  indicated  by  this  resolve,  was,  "  to  consult 
upon  measures  for  the  restoration  of  harmony  between  Great  Britain  and 
the  colonies."  A  majority  of  the  delegates  was  to  constitute  a  quorum,  and 
an  appropriation  of  five  hundred  pounds  was  voted  to  defray  their  expenses. 
The  Council  promptly  concurred  in  this  appropriation,  but  the  Governor 
withheld  his  consent.  The  House,  not  disconcerted  by  this  refusal  of  the 
Governor,  immediately,  through  their  committee,  began  to  prepare  three 
other  resolves  ;  one,  recommending  the  towns  and  districts  to  collect  and 
pay  over,  before  the  15th  of  August,  to  Thomas  Gushing,  one  of  the  dele- 
gates, the  sum  of  five  hundred  pounds.  This  sum  was  to  be  assessed  ac- 
cording to  a  tax-list  to  be  circulated  among  the  towns,  and  was  in  place  of 
the  appropriation  wliich  failed  to  pass.  The  second  resolve  recommended 
that  other  towns  of  the  province  relieve  the  necessities  of  the  inhabitants  of 
Boston  and  Charlestown,  who  were  suffering  from  the  operation  of  the  act 

'  This  liall  stoo<:l  on  Cambridge  streot,  and  vras  afterwards  purchased  and  used  by  the 
congregatioa  of  the  South  Ghiuch,  uutil  they  bnilt  iheir  present  meetiDg-hoase,  when  it 
was  removed  to  Federal  street,  and  is  now  a  private  residence. 


348  Mr.  GoodeWs  Address  at  Salem.  [Oct. 

closing  the  port  of  Boston,  The  third  resolve  recommended  abstinence  from 
the  u<o  of  imported  tea,  and  of  all  goods  and  ma imfuotures  brought  from  the 
East  ludies  and  Great  lirifain,  and  the  cneouragemont  of  American  manu- 
factures. This  last  resolve  was  the  basLs  of  that  Solemn  League  and  Cove- 
nant, the  consecjuences  of  which  were  so  disa^itrous  to  the  mauufacturin<T 
districts  of  Enghiud. 

The  choice  of  delegates  and  the  appropriation  for  their  expenses  had, 
evidently,  greatly  disturbed  the  Governor.  lie  soon  received  a  hint  of  the 
subsequent  proceedings  of  the  House,  through  tlio  treachery,  it  was  suspect- 
ed, of  Elisha  Jones,  a  taveru-kee-per,  who  represented  the  town  of  Weston.' 

The  Governor  forthwith  ordered  a  proclamation,  for  dissolving  the  Gen- 
eral Court,  to  be  prepared  by  Thomas  Flucker,  the  Secretary  of  the  pro- 
vince, and  to  be  read  as  soon  as  possible  to  the  House  of  Representatives. 

By  this  time,  word  liad  got  abroad  that  the  House  were  pushing  measures 
with  the  utmost  speed  and  secrecy,  and  that  the  Governor,  aware  of  the 
nature  of  the^ir  proposed  action,  had  set  the  Secretary  at  work  in  equal  haste 
to  thwart  their  purposes. 

The  proclamation  was  soon  ready  for  the  Gosernor's  signature,  and  read 
as  follows  : — 

PKOVi-NCi:;  OF  THE       ")  t>      .1       /-, 

Massachusetts  Bat.  j  ^^  ^^^  Governor. 

A   PROCLAMATION' 
FOR   DISSOLVING   THE    GENERAL    COURT. 

"Whereas  the  Proceedings  of  the  House  of  Representatives  in  the  present 
Session  of  the  General  Court  make  it  necessary  for  his  Majesty's  Service, 
that  the  said  General  Court  should  be  dissolved, — 

I  have  therefore  thought  tit  to  dissolve  the  said  General  Court,  and  the 
same  is  hereby  dissolved  accordingly,  and  the  members  thereof  are  discharged 
from  any  further  attendance. 

Given  under  my  hand  at  Salem,  the  17th  Day  of  June,  1774,  in  the 
Fourteenth  Year  of  his  Majesty's  Reign. 

T.  Gage. 
By  his  Excellency's  comm.and, 

Thos.  Elucker,  Secretary. 

God  save  the  King.' 

Armed  with  this  instrument,  the  Secretary  started  at  once  for  the  town- 
house.  Elbowing  his  way  through  the  eager  crowd,  he  mounted  the  stairs 
leadmg  to  the  hall  above,  but  found  the  door  locked  and  the  messenger  on 
guard.  He  "  directed  the  messenger  to  go  in  and  acquaint  the  speaker  that 
the  Secretary  had  a  message  from  His  Excellency  to  the  honorable  House, 
and  desired  he  might  be  admitted  to  deliver  it."  The  messenger  returned, 
and  said  he  had  informed  the  speaker,  as  requested,  "  who  mentioned  it 'to 
the  House,  and  their  orders  were  to  keep  the  door  fi^t." 

Thereupon,  while  the  House  were  linalij  passing  the  last  resolve,  the 

'  Tti3  suspicion  vras  strenfnlicncd  liy  subsequent  events.  Jones  revealed  his  character 
to  the  two  spies  sent  out  by  Ga.:o  to  retonnoitre.  S'-e  the  interesting  narrative  of  their  ad- 
ventures, hy  one  of  tlicja.  EnM.'n  D'  lieruivro,  in  Am.  Anliives,  4  Series,  vol.  i.  p.  12S3. 
Jones  is  l)ri>.'lir  nocic.-'i  by  Saline  in  his  sketched  of  the  Loyuhsts  of  the  Am.  Revolutiou. 

*  Essex  Gaicue,  1774,  >iO.  3u3. 


1875.]  3Ir.  GoochlVs  Address  at  Salem.  349 

Secretary  proceeded  to  road  the  paper,  upon  tlie  stairs,  in  presence  of  the 
as.>euil)h^<l  multitude,  and  thou,  immediately  after,  read  it  in  the  Council 
cliamber.' 

Thus  ended  the  last  General  Cuuit  held  in  INFassachusetts  under  a  pro- 
vincial governor.  Aftrr  more  than  eighty  years  of  ex[)eriment,  since  the 
Comniissii>i)e''s  of  the  (ireat  Seal,  under  AVilliam  and  Mary,  appended  its 
impress  to  the  charter  devised  by  the  great  lawyers  of  the  English  revolu- 
tion,— a  period  during  which  this  vigorous  but  comparatively  insignificant 
colony  had  grown  to  a  large  and  flourishing  province, — the  system  of  gov- 
ernment was  now,  by  another  revolution,  soon  to  chatige  into  a  government 
of  the  people,  by  the  people  and  for  the  people.  True,  the  ancient  methods 
prescribed  by  the  charter  might  be,  as  they  certainly  were,  resumed,  Ijut 
every  member  of  the  government  was  to  be  chosen  by  the  people,  directly 
or  indirectly,  and  to  become  amenable,  solely,  to  his  constituency, — the 
electors  of  the  commonwealth. 

Such,  too,  were  the  dramatic  incidents  attending  the  choice  of  the  first 
five  delegates'  to  that  Congress  wdiich,  by  successive  elections,  continued 
throu'ihout  the  war.  This  august  assembly  managed  the  vast  and  various 
concerns  of  the  colonies,  raised,  equipped  and  otiicered  armies,  organized  and 
fitted  out  a  navy,  built  forts,  borrowed  money,  issued  bills  of  public  credit, 
established  a  general  post-olhee  and  a  national  hospital,  entered  into  treaties, 
leagues  and  alliances,  and.  in  short,  was  the  prototype  of  our  present  national 
government,  until  the  adoption  of  the  federal  constitution  raised  over  all  the 
states  the  a^gis  of  a  republic. 

Letting  this  digression  sufhce  to  impress  more  vividly  upon  our  minds  the 
importance  of  the  events  which  took  place  in  this  town  just  one  year  before 
the  battle  of  Bunker's  Hill,  we  will  proceed  with  our  narrative.  The  Gov- 
ernor had  taken  up  his  residence  in  the  elegant  mansion  of  Robert  Hooper, 
in  Danvers,  now  known  as  the  "  Collins  House,"  ^  but  deemed  it  prudent, 
towards  the  end  of  the  next  month,  to  order  hither  two  companies  of  the 
64th  regiment,  to  guard  his  head-quarters  ;  and,  on  the  loth  of  August,  the 
59th  regiment,  under  Col.  Otho  Hamilton,  landed  from  the  transports  in 
which  they  had  arrived  the  day  before,  and  encamped  near  the  fort  on  the 
Neck.^ 

Vhe  meaning  of  this  martial  demonstration  was  soon  evident.  Handbills 
were  posted,  and  a  notice  appeared  in  the  Essex  Gazette,^  calling  the  free- 
holders together  on  "Wednesday,  the  24th  day  of  August,  to  choose  five  or 
more  delegates  to  a  county  convention  at  Ipswich,  for  the  purpose  of  con- 
sidering and  determining  upon  a  course  of  action  to  be  pursued  with  re- 
ference to  the  recent  acts  of  parliament,  "and  our  other  grievances." 

One  of  these  acts  had  provided  that,  with  certain  exceptions,  no  town 
meeting  shoidd  be  helil  upon  the  call  of  the  selectmen,  without  the  leave  of 
the  Governor ;  and  the  Governor*  deemed  this  call,  and  the  proposed  meec- 

1  Essex  Gazette,  1774.  No.  SOS. 

*  Of  the  delfgates  thus  chosen,  all  held  places  of  the  highest  trust  after  the  adoption  of 
the  constituti'jn.  From  them  were  selected  two  governors  'and  two  lieutenant-governors  of 
this  commonwealth.  Two  of  them  received  commissions  as  justices  of  the  highc^t  court 
in  the  state ;  and  one  of  them  was  also  attorney-general.  John  Adams  never  sat  under  his 
commission  as  chief  justice  of  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court,  but  had  his  ambition  gratified 
by  being  elect<;d  tiie  !irst  Vice-President  and  the  second  President  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  and  by  !)e;ng  appointed  commissioner  to  France,  ambassador  to  the  Netherlands, 
and  minister  plenipotentiary  to  Great  Britain  before  the  peace ;  and  afterwords,  the  fiist 
minister  of  the  United  .States  to  the  Court  of  St.  James. 

3  See  Essex  Gazette,  177 i.  No.  oOG.  ■»  Ibid.,  No.  316.  *  Ibid.,  No.  317. 

8  "  Act  for  better  resulating  the  government,"  etc. 


350  Mr.  GooddVs  Address  at  Salem.  [Oct. 

Lng,  to  i)e  violations  of  tlio  ai^t.  lie  tlierefore  issued  a  proclamation^  the  day 
before  t!ic  mooting',  fbrl)i(ldiiig  the  freeholders  to  assemble  at  their  peril; 
and,  the  next  morning,  an  hour  before  the  time  fixed  for  the  meeting,  he 
summoned  before  him  the  cominitteo  of  correspondence,  by  who.-e  direction 
the  call  had  been  issued,  told  them  that  he  considered  their  proceedings  un- 
lawful aijd  seditious,  and  asked  them  to  disperse  the  assembly.*  As  tin;  act 
only  forbade  meetings  called  by  the  selectmen,  the  committee  protested  that, 
there  was  no  violation  of  the  act,  and  that  they  had  no  authority  to  break  up 
the  meeting.  The  Governor  declined  to  argue  the  point  so  ingeniously 
made,  but  informed  them  that  the  sheritf  would  proceed  first  and  warn  the 
assembly  to  di.sperse,  and,  if  that  expedient  failed,  he  should  resort  to  forcible 
measures.' 

The  troops  at  the  Neck  were  then  provided  with  ammunition,  and  put  in 
motion.  At  the  lower  end  of  the  town  they  halted  and  loaded,  and  eighty 
of  them  advanced  as  far  as  Newbury  street.  lUit  the  delegates  having  been 
chosen  in  the  mean  time,  and  the  business  of  the  meeting  being  over,  the 
troops  were  ordered  back  to  their  encampment.'  The  next  Saturday  the 
Governor  departed  for  Doston.'* 

Throughout  the  previous  night  his  guards  were  under  arms,  and  his  safe 
arrival  in  Boston  was  announced  in  the  newspapers.^  There  is  a  tradition, 
in  Danvers,  that  an  attempt  had  been  made  to  assassinate  him ;  and  the 
old  fi-ont-door  of  his  mansion,  perforated  by  the  bullet,  it  is  said,  of  one  who, 
in  passing,  boldly  fired,  and  then,  spurring  his  horse,  quickly  disappeared  in 
the  darkness,  was  long  shown  in  proof  of  the  tratlitiou.  "Whatever  reasons 
he  had  for  seeking  greater  safety,  it  is  certain  that  he  reported  to  the  Earl 
of  Dartmouth  that  his  object  in  going  to  Boston  was  that  he  might  attend 
the  approaching  session  of  the  .Superior  Court.*"  Chief-Justice  Oliver,  who 
stood  impeached  by  the  House  of  Kepresentati\"es,  had  2Dromised  to  preside; 
and  it  was  feared  that  the  people  would  prevent  him,  vinless  the  Governor 
forcibly  interfered. 

From  Saturday  to  Tliursday,  the  angry  Governor  was  thinking  how  he 
might  inflict  exemplary  punishment  on  the  refractory  committee  at  Salem, 
whose  adroit  evasion  of  the  act  of  parliament,  although  he  atFected  to  treat 
it' as  a  quibble,  had  so  disturbed  him  that  he  mentioned  it,  as  a  matter  of 
importance,  in  his  despatches  to  the  Secretary  for  colonial  affairs.  He  had 
already  ordered  the  arrest  of  the  vSalera  committee,  and  Colonel  Peter  Frye, 
a  magistrate  here,  had  issued  a  warrant  upon  which  some  of  them  had  been 
brought  before  him,  and  bound  over  to  the  Superior  Court,  as  violators  of 
the  act  of  parliament.^  Gage  swore  that  the  whole  committee  should  re- 
cognize or  go  to  prison;  and  it  was  rumored  that  he  intended  to  seize 
them,  and  send  them  as  prisoners  in  the  Scarborough,  man-of-war,  which 
was  about  to  sail  for  England.*  But  the  Governor  soon  had  other  trouble- 
some and  more  momentous  subjects  to  consider. 

On  Thursday,  the  1st  of  Se'ptember,  writs  for  calling  a  new  General  Court, 
to  be  held  at  Salem  on  the  r»th  of  the  next  month,  were  published  by  the 
Governor's  order.  Fortunately,  the  fatality  attending  so  many  of  his 
schemes  awaited  this  measure.  His  threats  against  the  Salem  committee 
had  been  too  freely  and  openly  uttered.     On  "Wednesday  the  watchful  com- 

»  Essex  Gazette,  1771,  No.  319.  *  Ibid.  '  Ibid.  *  Ibid,  s  i},id. 

6  Letter  of  Gage  to  Daifnmtich.Au?.  27,  1774,  in  Am.  Archives,  4  Series,  vol.  i.  p.  741 ; 
also  same  to  same,  Sept.  '1.  1775,  V-uL,  p.  707- 
'  E^sex  Gazctt.',  1771,  Nu.  52u. 
*  Am.  Archives,  tit  supra,  p.  7(i2. 


1875.]  3fr.  GoodelVs  Address  at  Salem.  -         351 

mittee  at  Boston,  suspicious  of  evil  designs  against  tlielr  brethren  here,  fles- 
patdiefl  an  express,  after  ten  o'clock  at  night,  to  warn  the  Tatter  of  a 
movement  of  troops,  possibly  destined  for  Salcin. 

The  messenger  was  cordially  received,  and  returned  with  the  encouraging 
reply  that  they  were  ready  for  any  attacks  to  which  they  might  be  '*  exposed 
for  acting  in  pursuance  of  the  laws  and  interest  of  their  country,  and  as  be- 
came men  and  Christians." ' 

At  half-past  four  o'clock  the  next  morning,  the  very  day  on  whicli  the 
writs  for  calling  the  Assembly  were  issued,  thirteen  boats,  filled  with  troops, 
pushed  stcaUhily  off  from  the  Long  wharf  in  Boston  and  headed  up  Myotic 
River.  It  soon  appeared  that  the  powder-house  on  Quarry-IIill  in  Charles- 
town  was  their  chief  objective  point.  Here  they  seized  and  carrieil  off  two 
hundred  and  fifty  half-I  arrels  of  gunpowder,  while  a  detachment  marched 
to  Cambridge  and  brought  away^  two  pieces  of  artillery  belonging  to  the 
militia.* 

All  Middlesex  was  soon  aroused,  and  excited  and  indignant  crowds 
gathered  in  the  highway,  increasing  as  they  proceeded,  and  arming  them- 
selves with  the  weapons  that  came  nearest  at  hand.  Before  this  multitude 
had  dispersed,  it  was  rumored  that  Gage  was  on  the  way  to  attack  them. 
To  prevent  a  collision,  they  extorted  from  Lieutenant-Governor  Oliver, 
whose  house  in  Cambridge  they  had  surrounded,  a  promise  to  dissuade  the 
Governor  from  resorting  to  forciI)le  measures.  This  promise  was  kept,  and 
the  Governor  returned  for  answer  that  no  such  purpose  had  been  enter- 
tained by  him,  and  that  he  should  not  molest  them.' 

Had  the  Governor  proceede<l  to  Salem  in  pursuance  of  his  rumored  in- 
tention to  arrest  the  committee,  no  doubt  the  first  great  tragedy  of  the  Re- 
volution would  have  been  enacted  here,  or  had  he  marched  against  the 
exasperated  freeholders  of  ^Middlesex,  the  battle  of  Lexington  would  have 
been  anticipated  nearly  eight  months,  in  sight  of  Harvard  College. 

The  demonstrations  in  Middlesex,  quickly  followed  by  reports  of  the  hos- 
tile attitude  of  other  parts  of  the  Province,  and  the  neighboring  colonies  of 
Rhode-Island  and  Connecticut,  thoroughly  alarmed  the  Governor  and  his 
Councillors.  Their  plans  for  aggression  were  abandoned ;  and  they  re- 
solved that  "the  first  and  only  step  now  to  take  was  to  secure  the  friends  of 
Government,  and  reinforce  the  trooj)s,"  in  Boston,  '  with  as  many  more  as 
could  possibly  be  collected."  The  Governor  wrote,  the  next  day,  to  the 
Earl  of  Dartmouth,  that  he  had  thoughts  of  sending  transports  to  bring  the 
two  regiments  at  Quebec,  to  Boston,  and  that  he  intended  to  order  Major 
Genertd  Haldiraand  to  bring,  from  Xew-York  and  Philadelphia,  the  troops 
under  his  command  at  those  places.* 

The  people  of  Salem,  though  anxiously  preparing  for  the  future,  pre- 
served, with  few  exceptions,^  an  appearance  of  firmness  and  self-control.  In 
a  determined  but  quiet  way.  Col.  Frye  was  made  to  recall  his  warrant  for 
the  arrest  of  the  committee  and  to  give  up  their  bail-bonds  to  the  principals. 
He  further  gratified  the  committee  and  people  by  publishing  a  card  averring 
that  this  retraction  was  of  his  own  free  will,  and  announcing  his  determina- 
tion not  to  take  or  hold  any  office  under  the  objectionable  acts  of  parliament. 

The  troops  were  still  here,  but,  on  the  10th  of  September,  a  measured 
drum-beat,  and  the  siirill  whistle  of  the  fife,  first  caught  faintly  from  the 

'  Am.  Archives,  vt  supra,  p.  762.  ^  jj/^_  3  /j^-^,^  p_  754. 

*  Gage  to  Dartmouth,  Ibid.,  768. 

'  Some  di-turbancts  ucrurn-d,  but  the  town  autborities  took  prompt  action  to  quell  them, 
and  succeeded  in  preserving  order. 


352  Mr.  GoodelVs  Address  at  Salem.  [Oct. 

lower  end  of  the  town,  l)nt  momently  growing  louder,  announced  to  the 
people  up  town  that  the  troo[>.s  were  iu  motion.  Soon,  the  whole  regiment 
from  the  Neck  rippcaroJ.  Tiiey  made  no  show  of  violence,  but  were  watched 
iu  sileuce,  by  the  crowds  ou  tlie  street  corners,  as,  with  colors  flying,  thc-y 
kept  their  way  through  the  town  and  towards  the  old  road  to  Bo'^ton. 

At  Danvers  SSinitli  PariNh,  now  Peabody,  they  were  joined  by  the 
guards  from  the  Governor's  head-quarters,  and,  resuming  their  maroii  to- 
gether, they  soon  turned  out  of  sight,  around  the  wooded  knolls  that  bordered 
the  road  to  Lynn.'  'Die  dust  raised  by  the  feet  of  the  last  armed  soMier 
of  Britain  who  should  ever  encamp  upon  the  soil  of  Essex  County,  floated 
off,  and  settled  upon  blackberry  vines,  or  sprinkled  with  drab  the  yellow 
spikes  of  the  golden-rod  that  fringed  the  old  stone  walls  along  the  way. 
And  where  a  (^w  moments  before  rose  and  fell  the  monotonous  sound  of 
marching  platoons,  broken  by  strains  of  martial  music,  oaths  and  ribald  jests, 
nothing  was  heard  but  the  peaceful  tinkle  of  the  cow-bell,  the  distant  bleat- 
ing of  sheep  and  the  crickets'  chirruping  trill. 

The  concentration  of  the  Governor's  forces  in  Boston,  which  deprived  him 
of  all  protection  or  show  of  power  iu  Salem,  was  a  sutlicieut  reason  for 
not  attempting  to  hold  the  General  Court  here ;  but  another  circumstance 
was  conclusive  against  such  a  proceeding.  The  act  for  better  regulating  the 
government  of  the  province  hail  revoked  the  clause  in  the  Charter  providing 
for  the  annual  election  of  twenty-eiglit  Councillors,  by  the  Assembly,  and 
had  sabstituted  a  coumnl  of  the  King's  nomination,  who,  from  the  name  of 
the  warrant  conferring  the  ollice,  received  the  title  of  Mandamus  Council- 
lors. Of  the  thirty-six  councillors  selected  by  the  King,  twenty-live  re- 
sponded to  the  Governor's  call,  and  were  sworn  in.''  As  soon  as  the  fact 
of  their  acceptance  oT  the  otiice  became  known,  they  were  held  up  as 
traitors  and  outlaws.  The  ^Middlesex  freeholders  in  their  furious  march, 
besieged,  in  their  own  homes,  three  of  these  Councillors,  including  the 
Lieutenant-Governor,  and  forced  them  to  resign  their  seats  at  the  Board. 
There  were  indications  tliat  this  was  to  be  the  settled  policy  of  the  people ; 
and  those  of  the  new  Council  who  were  determined  to  hold  their  places, 
were  obliged  to  seek  refuge  in  Boston,  where  they  were  closely  guarded  by 
the  King's  troops. 

To  get  this  odious  bmly  from  their  shelter  in  loston  to  the  Court  House 
in  Salem,  Was,  therefore,  a  task  which,  under  the  circumstances,  the  military 
strategist  at  the  head  of  the  government  and  army  did  not  feel  inclined  to 
undertake.^  If  the  members  were  courageous  enough  to  venture  upon  the 
journey,  they  would,  in  all  probability,  be  waylaid  and  forced  to  resign  like 
their  brethren  in  ^Middlesex;  or,  something  still  worse  might  happen,  to 
precipitate  a  collision  between  the  troops  and  the  people, — a  contingency 
for  which  Gage  began  to  believe  he  was  not  fully  prepared.  To  hold  a 
General  Court  without  the  coordinate  upper  branch  was  impossible ;  and  he 
might,  therefore,  be  obligLMl,  from  sheer  necessity,  to  recognize  a  council 
chosen  under  the  Charter,  which  would  surely  have  lost  him  his  place  and 
the  favor  of  the  Crown.  In  this  state  of  atljurs  no  other  course  was  open 
to  the  Governor  but  to  notify  the  members  not  to  attend;  and,  accordingly, 

*  Essex  Gazette,  1774.  No.  320. 

'  Ibid.,  Nos.  Slo,  -W),  317.  Nine  of  these  rcsi;;ned  their  seats  before  the  6th  of  Septemlier. 
Palmer  was  aba'nc  fn<m  the  proviiiec,  ami  WiKjdhruL'i- was  de;!<l  when  the  appointment 
arrived.  So  that  luii  ruurtu'!!  Mvura  cuuiieillor^  remained. — Ibid.,  No.  319.  [See  Kegister, 
xxviii.  61.] 

^  See  letter  of  Gage  to  D.trtniouth,  Sept.  2,  1771,  snpra. 


1875.]       .  Mr.  GoodelVs  Address  at  Salem.  353 

a  week  before  the  first  day  of  tho  session,  he  caused  to  be  published  his 
proclainatiou,  excusing  the  Kepresciitativcs  elect  froui  ajipeaiing  at,  or  hukl- 
ing,  a  Geuerul  Court.' 

^Notv.-ithstaiidhig  tliis  proclamation,  Vvhen  the  fifth  of  October  arrived, 
ninety  of  the  Keproseutatives  assembled.*  Among  them  were  men  of  tried 
com-;.ge  and  determination,  who  were  bent  upon  executing  the  purpose  they 
Lad  iu  view,  whether  the  Governor  apjieared  or  not.  They  Jiad  long  bet.-n 
looked  up  to  by  the  people  of  the  Province,  for  advice  and  encouragement, 
and  their  proceedings  were  now  watched  with  eager  expectation. 

So,  on  that  eventfid  October  morning,  we  can  conceive  the  excitement 
here  to  have  been  intense. 

The  quaint  old  gables  that  looked  down  upon  the  crooked  streets  and 
narrow  lanes  of  the  town  must  have  seemed  to  share  the  anxious  curiosity 
of  their  tenants,  as,  under  the  shadows  of  projecting  covings,  or  from  open 
casements  above,  bare-armed  gossips  discussed  with  neighbors  opposite  the 
probable  doings  of  the  Kepresentatives. 

In  the  taverns,  and  under  the  aiore  modern  roofs  that  crowned  the  man- 
sions of  such  patriots  as  Mason,  Gardner,  "Williams  and  Derby ,^  the  kitchens 
echoed  with  the  clatter  of  preparations  for  distinguished  guests :  there  was 
an  odor  of  savory  herbs,  and  spits  creaked  before  the  open  fires.  Gilded 
and  painted  beaiifets,  now  freshly  dusted  and  thrown  wide  open,  protlered 
decanters  of  choice  cordials,  or  wines  from  Lisbon  and  the  Western  Islands, 
and  on  ihe  sideboards,  home-made  raisin  wine,  gin  and  "West-India  rum 
were  holiday  companions  of  the  universal  beverage  prepared  iu  the  neiLTU- 
bormg  distilleries. 

Along  the  wharves,  the  shipping  lay,  idly  flyin;::  the  united  crosses  of  St. 
George  and  St.  Andrew,  but  deserted  except  by  a  few  stevedores,  or.  pos- 
sibly, some  gauger  or  other  otficer  of  the  impost.  iMerchant  and  mariner, 
smith  and  shipwright,  caulker  and  gravei%  had  gone  up  to  the  neighborho'xl 
of  the  toAvn-house,  to  see  the  Representatives  and  to  discuss  the  rnomentous 
questions  of  the  day  with  the  carpenters,  masons,  tanners,  shopkeepers,  and 
husbandmen  who  thronged  the  place,  usually  the  exclusive  haunt  of  the 
patriarchs  of  the  town,  idle  gentlemen  and  town  officers. 

This  edifice,  of  which,  unfortunately,  no  contemporary  picture  is  known 
to  exist,  stood  in  the  morning  shadow  of 'the  steeple  where,  it  is  said,  the 

»  Essex  Gazette,  1774,  No.  323. 

2  Ibid.,  Xo.  3-24. 

3  Capt.  Thomas  Mason  was  in  early  life  a  cooper,  then  a  master  mariner,  and  afterwards 
an  opnl'ut  n.orcliant.  He  built  in  17oo  the  house  now  o-wTied  and  occupied  by  F.  S.  Peck, 
No.  13o  Essex  street.    He  died  July,  ISOl,  aged  73. 

Capt.  Jonathan  Gardner,  son  of  Jonathan  and  Elizabeth  (Gardner)  Gardner,  bom  in 
Salem,  May  25,  1728,  died  March  2,  1791 ;  m.  Sarah  Putnam.  A  master  mariner,  for  manv 
years  held  important  oifiees  in  the  Salem  Marine  Society,  owned  and  Uved  in  the  house  tha't 
stood  on  the  site  of  the  late  Dr.  B.  Cox's  house,  Xo.  132  Essex  street. 

Capt.  George  Williams,  son  of  Henry  Williams,  m.  Lvdia,  dau.  of  Timothv  and  Marv 
(Wingate)  Pickering.  A  master  mariner  and  wealthy  merchant ;  bought  in  17-36  the  three 
story  wooden  house  taken  down  in  1S39,  that  stood  on  the  western  part  of  the  estate  on 
Essex  street  recently  sold  by  the  heirs  of  the  lote  Col.  F.  Peabody  to  Dr.  S.  H.  Holbrook. 
He  died  in  June,  1797-    He  was  one  of  the  board  of  war  in  the  revohition. 

Capt.  Ricliard  Derby,  son  of  Richard  and  Martha  (Hasket)  Dcrbv,  b.  Sept.  16,  1712.  d. 
Nov.  9,  17b3;  m.,  fir.-t,  Mary,  dau.  of  Gamaliel  and  Sarah  (William's)  Hodges;  2d.  Mrs. 
Sarah  ;,Lan2ley)  widow  of  Dr.  Ezekiel  Hersey,  of  Hini,-ham,  who  endowed  seyural  profes- 
sorships in  Har\-ard  College  (she  founded  the"  Derby  A^cademv  in  Hin-'ham).  In  c.arly  life 
a  master  mariner,  aftenvards  an  eminent  and  successful  merchant,  the  father  of  Richard 
Derby,  jr.,  a  niombor  of  the  committee  of  safety  and  correspondence,  and  an  ardent  patriot 
during  the  revolution,  who  d.  Marcli  20,  17S1,  and  Elia^  Ha-ket  Derb.y,  an  cmiueut  mer- 
chant and  one  of  the  pioneers  in  the  East  India  trade.  He  died  in  1799. 
VOL.  XXIX.  31 


354  Mr.  GoodelVs  Address  at  6'aletn.  [Oct. 

exuberant  fancy  of  the  youthful  ILiwthorne  oxcoijitated  some  of  thoso  ^veird 
dreams  wliic'i  have  iiOisus^ed  our  minds  v,hh  thoir  ghastly  and  buwitchiug 
images.  Close  beside  it  stood  the  old  town  pump,  now  of  world-wide  fame; 
and  its  northern  wall  nearly  coincidcil  with  the  line  upon  whicli  otands  the 
southern  parapet  of  the  Eustorn  railroad  tunnel.  Its  lower  story  was  the 
town-hause  ju-oper.  Here  for  more  tlian  half  a  century  tlie  freeholders  had 
held  their  town  mtetin^^s,  and  the  selectmen  liad  consulted  on  municipal 
aftairs.  On  the  walls  still  hung,  shrivelled  and  dusty,  a  few  scalps  of  those 
fierce  Algouquins,  upon  whom  our  fathers  iullicted  their  own  methods  of 
punishment  in  the  long  and  sanguinary  Indian  wars.  These  trophies,  having 
been  purchased  not  only  with  precious  blood  but  with  liberal  bounties  from 
the  town  treasury,  were  the  property  of  town  or  province,  and,  not  being  of 
a  nature  to  excite  cu{)idity,  had  remained,  repulsive  mementos  of  some  of 
the  darkest  days  in  our  provincial  annals,  and  a  terror  to  superstitious 
boys.* 

High  against  the  northern  wall  of  the  room  above,  in  bold  relief,  were 
aflS-xed  the  royal  arms  of  Great  Britain,  bravely  supported  by  the  traditional 
lion  and  miicorn.  Beneath  the^e  arms  was  the  bench  for  the  judges  of  the 
Superior  Court  of  Judicature,  and  the  Inferior  Court  of  Common  Pleas, 
and,  continuous  with  the  bench,  and  running  south,  for  twenty  feet,  on  the 
eastern  and  western  sides,  vrere  the  fyrms  for  the  justices  of  the  county, 
■when  they  sat  as  a  court  of  Sessions.  A  line  from  the  southern  end  of  these 
forms  enclosed  a  space  containing  the  jury  seats, — immediately  in  fi'ont  of 
the  justices, — and  the  bar,  with  a  seat  in  front,  and  flanked  by  boxes  for 
the  sheriff"  and  crier.  Before  the  bench  and  between  the  two  juries,  was  an 
open  space,  provided  with  a  table  and  seats  for  the  convenience  of  suitors 
and  their  counsel.^ 

I  will  not  detain  you  by  attempting  to  finish  this  imperfect  outline,  which 
I  have  sketched  by  the  aid  of  hints  laboriously  gathered  from  forgotten  files 
and  faded  records,  and  from  the  more  unsatisfactory  lips  of  tradition.  It  is 
to  be  regretted  that  some  one  had  not  deemed  a  full  and  exact  picture  of  this 
historic  structure  worthy  of  his  pen  or  pencil,  before  the  many  old  people 
who  remembered  it  perfectly  had  {)assed  away. 

"When  the  whole  Assembly  met  here  in  June,  the  upper  room  was  the 
hall  of  the  Representatives.  The  Council  chamber  may  have  been  below, 
or,  n  ore  likely,  in  the  old  tavern  ojtposite,  on  the  site  now  covered  by  the 
Stearns  Building;  while  the  Governor,  doubtless,  had  rooms  not  far  distant, 
or,  possibly,  he  may  have  remained  at  his  head-quarters  in  Danvers. 

On  this  occasion,  the  whole  body  of  legislators,  consisting  of  the  assembled 
ninety,  found  ample  spai  e  ia  the  court  room  I  have  described,  which  was 
fifty  feet  long  and  thirty  feet  wide. 

Of  course  the  Governor  was  not  expected ;  but,  that  they  might  not  be 
charged  with  unseendy  haste  or  discourtesy,  the  Assembly  did  no  formal  busi- 
ness on  the  first  day.  2so  doubt  there  were  earnest  discussions  of  matters  re- 
quiring future  action  ;  but  there  was  no  one  to  administer  the  official  oaths,  and 
no  message  from  Governor  or  Council,  and  the  time  spent,  in  this  show  of  re- 
spect for  the  King's  immediate  representative,  could  be  well  improved  by  an 
interchange  of  views  and  the  arrangement  of  business  for  the  morrow. 

>  Mv  authority  for  thi?  i->  tlie  lato  William  W.  Oliver,  vrho  told  me  that  these  scalps  were 
buried  when  ihc  old  Imiiding  wiu  removed,  after  its  purchase  by  Henry  Rust  and  Beuja- 
min  Brown,  Oct.  11,  ITS;. 

*  From  a  "  portni "  of  the  court-room  by  Nathaniel  Bowea  and  'Win.  Bourn,  Dec.  29, 
1763,  in  the  files  of  the  Court  of  Sessions. 


1875.]  Mr.  GoodelVs  Address  at  Salem.  355 

In  the  afternoon  the  Governor  had  not  arrived,  and  the  Assembly  ad- 
journed.  The  evening's  discussions  were  but  unfoldiii^s  of  the  diiy's 
thoughts.  Kight  full  upon  the  quiet  town.  The  hast  Lamplight  had  disap- 
po;iied,  .ukI  the  sound  of  Llic  waielimau's  cry.  "All  is  well!"  blended  into 
.patriotic  dr.jams,  and  then  Ml  on  unconscious  ears.'  Suddenly,  at  the 
stroke  of  three,  by  the  town  clock,  the  whole  town  was  startled  by  thu  cry 
of  "  fire."  Seizing  their  leathern  buckets,*  and  rushing  toward  the  town- 
house,  tlie  roused  sleepers  saw  a  dense  volume  of  smoke  issuing  from  the 
warehouse  of  Col.  Frye,  which  stood  on  Essex  street,  then  Queen  street, 
nearly  opposite  the  entrance  of  Barton  square,  and  just  above  the  meeting- 
house of  the  society  under  the  charge  of  the  Rev.  Nathaniel  Whittuker. 
The  little  engine«i, — one  of  which,  with  unwarrantable  generosity,  was  given, 
a  few  years  ago,  to  the  firemen  of  rhiladelphia, — were  unable  to  check  the 
progress  of  t*he  l^ames ;  and  not  until  a  large  force  of  strong  and  active 
workers,  from  Marblehead,  had  relieved  our  exhausted  townsmen,  was  the 
fire  subdued. 

WTien  the  Representatives  assembled  in  the  morning,  four-and-twenty 
bnildings,  ircludiug  the  meeting-house,  lay  smouldering  in  ruins,  before  the 
town-house  door.  Even  this  structure  had  not  escaped  injury,  but  was 
saved  by  the  active  exertions  of  the  jNrarblehead  men  after  its  fair,  painted 
front  had  been  scorched  and  blistered,  its  windows  cracked,  and  its  front 
con;ice  nearly  consumed.^ 

The  Assembly  now  organized :  John  Hancock  was  chosen  chairman,  and 
Benjamin  Lincoln,  clerk.  A  committee  was  then  appointed  to  consider  the 
Governor's  proclamation  and  to  consult  on  measures  to  be  adopted,  and  the 
Assembly  again  adjourned. 

On  Friday,  the  7th  of  October,  the  committee  reported  four  resolutions, 
concluding  with  the  declaration  that  the  grievances  which  they  set  forth 
were  such  as,  "  in  all  good  governments,"  had  "  been  considered  among  the 
greatest  reasons  for  convening  a  parliament  or  assembly,"  and  that  the 
proclamation  was  further  proof  of  the  necessity  of  "  most  vigorous  and 
immediate  exertions  for  preserving  the  freedom  and  constitution "  of  the 
province. 

The  resolutions  were  immediately  adopted,  and  thereupon  the  following 
vote  was  passed  : — 

Voted,  that  the  members  aforesaid  do  now  resolve  themselves  into  a  PROvixciAt, 
Congress,  to  be  joined  by  such  other  persons  as  have  been  or  shall  be  chosen  for  that 
purpose,  to  take  into  consideration  the  dant^erous  and  alarming  situation  ot  public 
afiairs  in  this  province,  and  to  consult  and  determine  on  such  measures  as  they  shall 
judge  will  tend  to  promote  the  true  interest  of  His  Majesty,  and  the  peace,  welfare, 
and  prosperity  of  the  provinee. 

Having   thus   solemnly   renounced   the   authority   of   parliament,    and 

*  The  night  watch  was  reorcnnized  and  increased  after  this  fire. 

2  Several  of  these,  of  Jiiferen:  dates,  are  preserved  in  the  cabinets  of  the  Essex  Institute. 

'  The  impre<>ion  immediately  prevailed  that  the  fire  was  the  work  of  .an  incendiaiy. 
Besides  his  conduct  towards  the" Committee  of  Correspondence,  Col.  Frye  had  ptvcn  raanv 
tokens  of  his  aversion  to  the  popular  cause.  He  w;is  one  of  the  minority  of  "  Kescindcrs 
In  the  LegisUuure  of  176S,  who  yielded  to  tlic  unconstitutional  demands  of  the  kins;  and 
when  the  British  troops  arrived  in  Salem  he  entertained  the  omcers  at  his  tuble,  aiid  his 
family  saluted  the  passing  soldiers  with  cheers  and  waving  handkercliiefs.  It  was,  there- 
fore, at  once  suspected  that  he  had  been  vi.-itcd  with  this  indiscriminate  punishment.  This 
was  a  final  blow  to  his  prosperity.  Witli  a  fortune  impaired  by  his  losses,  and  disgusted  at 
the  progress  of  events  in  the  Province,  he  tied  to  England  under  a  ban,  never  to  return.  He 
died  an  ardent  hater  of  ATnericau  ideas,  which  he  hved  to  see  a  second  time  vindic.ited 
against  Great  Britain  by  our  gallant  navy,  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  was  buried  near  the  city 
of  London. 


356  Mr.  GoodelVs  Address  at  Salem.  [Oct. 

affirmed  the  fumlamental  right  of  the  people  to  institute  a  goveniment, 
whcu  ill  tlicir  jiKljiuent  the  regular  nflininistratiou  h:ul  overstepped  the 
limits  of  the  constitution,  they  adjourned  to  more  comfortable  quarters  at 
Concord,  to  meet  on  the  followiui;  Tuesday. 

Here  they  ori^'ani/ed  the  C'ongress  by  rai^^ing  Hancock  to  the  presidency, 
and  electiug  Lincohi  secretary.  At  Concord  and  at  Cambridge  they  cou- 
tiuued  their  sitiaigs,  with  a  few  weeks  intermission,  until  the  Ktth  of 
December.  Their  proijress  towards  practical  indejiendence  was  now  sure 
and  speedy.  liLtbre  tiie  end  of  October,  all  constables  and  collectors  of 
taxes  had  submitted  to  their  order  to  withhold  payment  from  Harrison 
Gray,  tlie  province  treasurer,  and  to  return  their  collections  to  Henry 
Gardner,  who,  soon  after,  was  appointed  receiver-general ;  and,  with  closed 
doors,  and  under  a  solemn  pledge  of  secrecy,  they  had  resolved  upon  the 
momentous  subject  of  "the  most  proper  time"  to  procure  arms'aud  ammu- 
nition, by  unanimously  adopting  a  report  that  "  now  is  the  time !"' 

By  midsummer,  three  sessions  had  l)een  held,  had  transacted  business,  and. 
finally  dissolved.  Ou  the  day  of  their  dissolution  they  again  assembled,  by 
the  recomm.endation  of  the  Continental  Congress,  as  an  independent  gov- 
ernment under  the  charter. 

Before  this  reorganization,  the  established  tribunals  of  justice,  which 
had  either  ceased  to  huld  sessioua  or  were  disregarded  by  the  people,  had 
bet-n  replaced  by  a  Court  of  Intpiiry,  to  insure  the  preservation  of  order; 
the  e'tablishment  of  a  navy  had  been  favorably  reported  upon,  and  the 
great  work  of  raising  and  equipping  an  army  had  been  accomplished.  Under 
the  new  style  of  government,  the  Council  and  Representatives  removed  the 
judges  who  had  been  appointed  by  Koyal  governors,  and  issued  commissions 
to  new  magistrates  of  their  own  selection. 

Thus,  in  less  than  ton  months  from  the  taking  of  their  first  bold  step  at 
Salem,  the  new  re[/i'me  was  in  the  full  exercise  of  the  three  great  functions 
of  government, — legislative,  jmUcial  and  executive.  The  sword,  the  jmrse 
and  the  scales  thus  taken  possession  of  by  the  people,  have  been  held  by 
them  with  unyielding  grasp  from  that  time  to  the  present. 

Let  me  here  call  your  attention  to  a  tact  which  imparts  a  character  to 
this  revolution  in  the  Assembly,  more  important  than  has  been  sometimes 
surmised.  The  idea  of  a  provincial  congress  had  been  suggested  on  the 
31st  of  August,  by  a  convention  of  the  freeholders  of  Middlesex,  who, 
after  Boston  fell  into  the  possession  of  the  enemy,  were  foremost  in  their 
active  opposition  to  tyranny ;  but  the  congiess  contemplated  by  them  was  a 
volimtary  organization  ;  it  had  no  connection  with  the  previous  government, 
and  could  in  no  sense  claim  legality  or  authority.  The  inhabitants  of 
Boston  who,  on  the  "iGth  of  September,  held  their  town  meeting  for  the 
choice  of  representatives  to  the  Assembly  at  Salem,  improved  the  opportu- 
nity to  choose,  also,  delegates  to  Concord,  where,  by  common  consent,  the 
voluntary  congress  or  contention  wlus  to  be  held. 

The  vote  of  the  assembly,  therefore. — all  the  members  of  which  had  been 
legally  elected  in  the  manner  prescribed  l)y  the  charter,  and  under  the  call 
of  the  Governor, — must  be  considered  the  legitimate  act  of  the  province, 
in  the  only  way  in  v.hicli  the  province  could  express  its  pleasure. 

From  this  fact  the  movement  in  Salem  derives  a  peculiar  significance, 
and  we  have  a  right  to  claim  that  it  was  that^Vs^  oj/tcial  act  of  the  province 

1  Jonmals  of  the  Provincial  Congress,  Oct  24,  p.  29. 


1875.]  Mr.  GoodelVs  A^ldress  at  Salem.  357 

by  which  she  put  herself  iu  open,  actual  opposition  to  the  Home  Govern- 
ment. 

Salem  is  not,  however,  to  claim  any  preceflence  or  honor  for  this  event, 
heyond  what  is  iuv(^l\orl  in  the  circuraitauce  tliat  the  deed  was  here  per- 
formed,— an  honor  similar  to  that  cluiwcd  by  Philadelphia  iu  regard  to  the 
I)oclarition  of  Tn(1c[)cndence. 

While  the  Lci2;islatnre  was  thus  employed,  the  people  were  busy  arming 
and  orcjaniziris;  the  militia.  Thron;rh  the  autumn  and  winter,  colonels  of 
regiments,  and  other  military  otliccrs,  who  were  not  iu  known  sympathy 
with  the  popular  movement,  were  cither  forced  to  resiijn,  or  the  men  un<lor 
their  command  vohuitarily  disbanded  and  reorganized  under  other  leaders. 
New  companies  were  started,  beginning  with  an  artillery  company  in  Mar- 
blehead  for  which  subscriptions  were  opened  early  in  November. 

The  expedition  of  Col.  Leslie,  on  the"  'iGth  of  February,  1775,  and  the 
affair  at  the  North  Bridge  in  Salem,  when  the  first  bloodshed  of  the  revo- 
lution occun-ed,  present  a  theme  inviting  discussion,  when  the  anniversary 
of  that  day  arrives.  To  this  subject  I  only  advert,  as  to  one  incident  among 
many,  indic4\ting  to  what  lengths  the  people  were  then  prepared  to  go  iu 
resenting  what  they  deemed  unconstitutional  interference. 

Col.  Leslie's  encounter,  however,  le<l  to  two  otlw^r  proceedings,  important 
as  illustrating  the  determined  spirit  of  independence  here  prevalent.  The 
surjirise  and  indignation  which  that  event  excited  were  followed  by  a 
conviction  of  tlie  nece^:sity  of  more  thorough  preparation  for  hostilities. 
Accordingly,  the  town  militia  were  more  diligently  exercised,  and  a  general 
muster  was  ordered,  to  take  place  in  School  street,  now  Washington  street, 
ou  the  14th  of  iNlarch.  All  persons  liable  to  military  duty  were  summoned 
to  appear,  e<iuipped  with  proper  arms  and  accoutrements.' 

Burning  with  indigjiation  at  the  outrage  attempted  by  Leslie,  the  recol- 
lection of  which  grew  more  exasperating  with  the  lapse  of  time,  the  sight 
of  the  colors  under  which  their  invaders  marched  was  intolerable  to  the 
militia.  Another  standard  was  therefore  prepared,  to  be  used  for  rallying 
the  men,  and,  afterward,  to  be  displayed  at  the  muster ;  and  an  ample  sheet 
of  pure,  white  bunting,  bearing  on  one  side,  a  green  pine-tree,  and,  on  the 
reverse,  the  words,  "  an  appeal  to  Heaven,"  was  received  with  general 
applause.'      The  brig  Betsey,  carrying,  as  passer  gers,  two  refugees  from 

1  Essex  Gazette,  1775,  No.  345. 

^  The  silence  of  the  military  journals  of  the  revolution,  and  of  the  contemporary  press 
and  historians,  on  so  important  a  matter  as  the  flair  borne  by  the  colonial  forces,  has  ?ivea 
rise  to  doubts,  which  have  not  yet  been  removed,  as  to  the  date  of  adoption  and  the  extent 
of  use  of  the  several  flairs  which  are  known  to  have  preceded  the  "  stars  and  stripes." 
Probably,  in  the  bcginniuir  of  the  conflict,  each  colony  chose  its  own  device ;  and  afar  the 
forces  were  combined  a  L'cneral  standard  was  agreed  upon  which  varied  in  some  small 
paniculars  at  dilicrent  times  and  places.  All  that  is  known  on  the  subject  may  be  found  in 
Preble's  .admirable  "  History  of  the  American  Flag."    Albany  :  1872. 

The  Massachusetts  Assembly  formally  adopted  the  pine-tree  flag.  April  11,  1776;  but  it 
had  been  in  use  ln-re  the  previous  year.  It  was,  undoubtedly,  the  flag  mentioned  iu  Paul 
Lunt's  diary,  July  IS,  1775.  In  the  autumn  of  1775  it  was' used  on  the  floating  batteries 
about  Boston,  and  also  by  our  privateers. 

The  first  vessel  of  the  American  navy,  the  "  Alfred,"  Com.  Hopkins,  displayed  a  flag 
nearly  identical  with  this  in  Dec.  1775.  'Naturally,  vessels  of  war  would  adopt  the  sttnd- 
ard  recognized  in  the  chief  maritime  towns,  from  which  they  either  sailed  or  received 
enlistments,  and  the  fact  of  the  appearance  of  this  flag  in  1775  on  the  high  seas  would  seem 
to  conflnnthe  unitorm  tradition  that  this  was  the  "  stand.ard  of  liberty  "  raised  in  t>alem. 

A  still  stronger  corroboration  of  the  tradition  was  the  display,  at  Salem,  of  the  pine-tree 
banner,  in  the  semi-centennial  celebration  of  July  4,  1S26,  and  the  frequent  reference  then 
made  to  it  as  "the  revolutionary  banucr,"  in  the  presence  of  many  surviving  soldiers  of 
the  revolution,  chief  ainoug  whom,  and  president  of  the  day,  was  the  vcterau  Col.  Timothy 
Pickering. 

Mr.  Colman,  the  orator  of  the  occasion,  pointing  to  the  banner,  exclaimed,  •'  There 
VOL.  XXIX.  31* 


358  Mr.  GooflelVs  Address  at  Salem.  [Oct. 

Salem/  conveyod  the  news  to  Tiristol,  and.  on  the  17th  of  April,  two  clays 
before  the  battle  of  Lcxinfjtnn,  tlio  "  Gentlemen's  Ma;:Taziue  "  announro'l 
to  the  British  public  that  the  Americans  had  hoisted  their  standard  of 
liberty  at  Salein. 

If  the  spirits  of  the  departed  wore  ever  pennitted  to  take  note  of  mun- 
dane ;tl]air<5,  the  stern  and  pallid  features  of  Endicott  must  have  kindled 
with  a  glow  of  lite  and  warmth,  as  he  saw  the  symbol  of  idolatry  which, 
one  hundred  and  forty  years  before,  he  had  cut  out  from  the  national  ensii^n, 
with  the  point  of  his  sword,  now  laid  aside,  first  and  forever,  in  the  town 
which  his  ener2fy  helped  to  cstal)lish. 

The  old  manual  of  exercises  of  17G i,  which  had  been  recommended  by 
the  Provincial  Conj^ress,  was  used  at  the  muster ;  but  the  necessity  of  some 
improvement  was  manifest,  and.  on  the  very  day  of  the  muster,  notice  ap- 
peared in  the  E-;s«.  x  Gazette,  that  Col.  Timothy  Pickering's  new  manual, 
which  he  had  been  for  some  time  preparing,  would  be  ready  in  about  three 
weeks.*  This  laid  the  fouFidation  of  the  military  system  of  the  Continental 
armies.'  Its  author  lived  to  see  this  handful  of  unskilled  militia  swell  to  a 
great  army ;  to  see  that  army  stand  before  the  trained  legions  of  Europe, 
on  iruxny  a  bloody  field,  au(l  finally,  bear  off,  as  well-earned  trophies,  the 
white  damask  flag  oT  the  Hessian  mercenaries,  and  the  proud  ensign  of 
Britain. 

At  this  point  let  us  pause  and  recapitulate  the  events  which,  in  the  brief 
poriod  of  nine  months,  gave  our  beloved  town  an  enviable  history. 

Here,  we  have  seen,  were  convened  the  last  Provincial  Assembly  and  the 
first  Provincial  Congress ;  here  were  chosen  the  first  delegates  to  the  Con- 
tinental Congress;  here  the  assembled  province  first  formally  renounced 
allegiance  to  the  Impcri;d  Legislature ;  here  was  made  the  first  attempt  to 
enforce  the  last  oppre-isive  acts  of  parliament,  and  here  that  attempt  was 
resisted ;  here,  though  no  mortal  wound  was  given,  was  shed  the  first  blood 
of  the  American  llevolution  ;  here  was  first  organized  the  nucleus  of  an 
army ;  and  here  the  banner  of  independence  first  spoke  defiance,  as  it 
flapped  and  rustled  in  the  wind. 

I  am  aware  that  opposite  views  have  been  expressed  concerning  the 
purposes  of  the  leaders  of  the  Revolution  in  re.^*pect  to  independence.  But, 
with  due  deference  to  those  whose  study  of  the  subject  has  brought  them  to 
a  different  conclusion,  I  venture  to  atlirm  that  this  contrariety  of  opinion 
hinges  on  the  meaning  of  a  word."*     Our  English  critics  have  been  disposed 

stamls  the  simple  anil  afT.'Cfin?  memorinl  of  this  prcat  event,  upborne  by  the  same  hands 
which  s^istained  it  in  that  frtjinn  period;  '  Wk  aiti.al  to  He.\ve>^.'"  "The  effect"  of 
this  allusion,  says  tlie  Malem  Gazette  nf  .Jnlv  7,  ISi*'.,  "was  electrical."  This  banner, 
•which  was  made  for  th;:  ni\:i-iinn.  i-<  prcstTveil  in  the  cabinet  of  the  Essex  Institute. 

If  we  bear  in  mir.il  th  It  the  war  WIS  cominenco.i  tiy  the  colonists  under  sincere  profes- 
sions of  loyalty  to  the  crown,  and  onlv,  as  tln-y  maintained,  in  defence  of  their  constitu- 
tional liberties  airamst  a  tyrann'cal  ministry,  we  shall  not  be  surnrised  to  find  occasional 
mention  of  the  display  ot'  tiic  oM  ila:,'  of  the  province,  by  the  colonial  forces.  This  was 
very  similar  to  the  flair  of  t!ie  Rriti-h  army,  the  onlv  difference  bein?  in  the  design  in  the 
canton  or  upper  anu'lf  "f  the  licld  next  tlie  staiT.  This  device  is  represented  as  a  pine-tree 
in  one  instance,  and  two  hemi-pheres  >ovured,  in  another. —  Vide  Preble,  id  supra. 

From  a  paper  on  fde.  in  our  c>iiiuy  records,  for  the  discoverv  of  which  we  are  indebted 
to  the  Hon.  James  KiniVi.i'l,  it  ani'oars  tliat  the  old  colonial  flag  of  1675  was  red,  with  a 
white  canton  bearin?  the  cross  of  St.  Geor^'c.  also  red,  and  a  blue  ball  for  dilfercnce.  See 
Bulletin  of  the  E>.-e.\;  Institute,  vol.  4,  pp.  ,50,  a\. 

1  Benjamin  Pickman,  E-.j..  and  Capt.  Thomas  Poynton.  Essex  Gazette,  1774,  No.  346. 

*  Essex  Gazette,  177ii,  No.  :i^,. 

3  It  was  adojitod  by  the  Massichnsetts  Ass-cmblv,  May  1. 1776,  and  a  copy  of  the  jeccud 
edition,  published  tbit  yiar,  is  in  tlie  library  of  the  Es-;ex  Institute. 

^  It  is  remarka^'It;  that  t!ie  uncertain  aj  pii^-ation  of  the  same  word  to  parties  in  the  preat 
Engliah  revolution  led  lUpia  to  cxciaiia,   "  After  all  my  pains,  I  have  not  been  able  to 


1875.]  Mr.  GoodelVs  Address  at  Salem.  359 

to  trace  the  prosiress  of  independence,  which  they  confound  with  separation, 
back  to  tho  curliest  colonial  times,  and  to  charge  the  coloni.sts  with  iusin- 
cerity  in  their  constant  professions  of  loyalty.  Others,  applying  the  same 
moaning  to  the  word,  have  denied  tliat  the  idea  of  independence  was  enter- 
tained until  about  the  time  of  the  Declaration  at  I'liiladelphia.'  Both  of 
these  views  are  reconciled  v/itliout  impeaching  the  honor  of  our  forefathers, 
and  without  any  pervei^ion  of  history,  when  we  admit  that  independence, 
in  the  sense  of  entire,  local  self-government,  was  always  kept  in  view  by 
the  colonists,  claimtd  by  them  as  a  right  expressly  conferred  by  tiieir 
charters,  or  compacts  with  the  sovereign,  and  defended,  as  their  heritage 
by  the  fundamental  common-law,  or  those  acknowledged  principles  of  gov- 
ernment which  limit,  alike,  the  jurisdiction  of  parliiinient  and  the  preroga- 
tives of  the  crown,  and  are  now  embraced  under  the  comprehensive  name 
of  the  British  Constitution. 

This  was  the  independence  that  Samuel  Adams  intended  when,  as  Hutch- 
inson informs  us,  he  concluded  his  speech,  in  17G9,  with  the  words,  "Inde- 
pendent we  are,  and  independent  we  will  be  !  "  and  we  have  Jetferson's  own 
statement  that  the  independence  he  looked  forward  to  was  such  exemp- 
tion from  the  control  of  parliament  as  the  kingdom  of  Hanover  might 
claim,  or  such  as  Scotland  maintained  before  the  union.*  This  was  what 
the  colonists  uuiver,-ally  demanded,  and  fur  this,  and  this  alone,  they  resorted 
to  arms. 

The  right  of  the  parent  state  to  bind  the  colonies  by  such  negotiations 
with  foreign  enemies  or  allies,  as  the  v.elfare  of  all  required,  and  to  regulate 
navigation  on  the  high  seas,  they  never  denied. 

The  assertion  that  under  outward  professions  of  loyalty  the  colonists 
secretly  aspired  to  separation  has  never  been,  and,  I  venture  to  say,  never 
will  be  proved.  Had  the  claims  of  the  colonies  been  granted,  they  would 
have  had  no  motive  for  separation.  Under  such  circumstances,  it  would  have 
been  but  the  exchange  of  the  protection  of  an  empire,  for  the  empty  glory  of 
a  name. 

Nothing  but  obstinate  prepossession,  or  utter  inattention  to  the  argu- 
ments and  statements  repeatedly  made,  by  and  in  behalf  of  the  colonies, 
could  lead  to  the  conclusion  that  they  did  not  mean  what  they  professed,  or 
tha'  the  only  relations  they  were  willing  to  maintain  with  the  parent  state, 
weie  inconsistent  with  loyalty,  nominal,  or  absurd.  Biassed  by  such  pre- 
possessions, and  the  suggestions  of  our  enemies,  too  often  did  the  privy 
council,  and  the  Lords  of  trade,  reach  results  unfavorable  to  our  character 
and  aims,  from  a  view  of  facts  that  might,  easily  and  naturally,  have  re- 
ceived a  construction  diametrically  diiferent. 

]>ut  for  the  short-sightedness  of  Britain  we  might  to-day  have  been  her 
subjects.  Would  it  have  diminished  her  greatness,  disturbed  her  peace,  or 
injured  her  prosperity,  if  she  had  retained  her  hold  upon  us,  by  adopting 
the  American  policy,  in  accordance  with  the  advice  of  her  best  and  wisest 

discover,  precisely,  the  first  rise  of  the  Independent  sect  or  faction."  Moshcim,  more  pro- 
found and  accurate  than  Rapin,  was  more  successful.  See  Mosheim's  Hist.,  Ed.  17'JO,  vol. 
5,  pp.  40-5-6,  note  q. 

'  The  history  of  American  Independence  has  been  most  thorouglily  treated  by  Frotliing- 
ham,  in  hi<  masterly  "  Kiio  of  the  Republic,"— ;i  book,  which  sliould  be  read  in  all  our 
common  schools.  The  author  invari;ti)Iy  uses  the  vrord  independence  in  the  sense  of 
separation,  bnthe  docs  not  suppress  or  pei-vert  the  facts. 

-  "I  took  the  f,Tound  that"  ♦  *  "  the  relation  between  Grc.it  Britain  and  these  colo- 
nics was  exactly  tho  s.ime  as  that  of  Eni,iand  and  Scotland,  alter  the  accession  of  James, 
and  until  tho  union,  tiad  tho  same  as  her  present  relations  with  Hanover,  having  the  same 
executive  chief,  but  no  other  necessary  political  connection."— /'^erson'i  Autobiography. 


360  Mr.  GoodelVs  Address  at  Salem.  [Oct. 

men  ?  "  Let  us  reflect,"  said  the  gooil  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph,  in  his  speech 
intended  for  the  House  of  Lords,  on  the  bill  for  the  bettor  refjuhiting  the 
goverument  of  Massachusetts, — "  Let  us  reflect  that,  before  these  innova- 
tions were  thought  of,  by  follouing  ilie  line  of  good  conduct  which  bail  l)een 
marked  cut  by  our  ancestors,  wo  governed  North  America  with  mutual 
benefit  to  thcui  and  oui-solves.  It  was  a  happy  idea  tliat  made  us  tirst  con- 
sider them  rather  as  instruments  of  commerce  than  as  objects  of  govern- 
ment." This  is  the  Xew-Englaml  itlea  happily  presented ;  and  how  do 
these  generous  sentiments  shine,  in  contrast  with  the  miserable  doctrine 
of  Sir  William  Blackstone,  concerning  tlie  power  of  parliament;  over  these 
colonies, — a  doctrine  based  on  the  fiction  that  ours  was  a  conrpiered  territo- 
ry, and  our  rights,  only  such  as  were  vouchsafed  by  the  clemency  or  bounty 
of  the  conqueror  !  *  How  unlike,  too,  those  pettyfogging  arguments  on 
the  abstract  power  of  parliament,  which  could  be  logically  reduced  to  the 
proposition  that  the  solemn  pledges  of  the  Great  Charter,  and  every  article 
in  the  Bill  of  KiLihts,  nay,  even  parliament  itself,  existed  solely,  by  the 
suflerence  of  the  king's  most  excellent  majesty,  by  and  with  the  advice  and 
consent  of  the  lords  spiritual  and  temporal,  and  commons,  in  parliament, 
for  the  time  being,  assembled  ! 

As  the  history  of  the  revolution  becomes  more  thoroughly  studied,  inter- 
est will  not  be  so  exclusively  felt  in  those  later  scenes  which  have  been 
oftenest  depicted, — the  final  separation  from  the  mother  country,  the  lar<rer 
military  laoveaients,  and  the  incidents  attending  and  following  the  close  of 
the  war  ;  the  earlier  stages, — of  debate,  of  personal  heroism,  and  of  the  first 
organized  resistance, — will  be  more  eagerly  studied.  To  the  men  and  doings 
of  the  Puritan  commonwealth,  the  student  of  P^nglish  history  is  quickly 
remitted,  to  find  a  key  to  the  sudden  mastery  of  great  ideas  exhibited  by 
the  historic  personages  who  gave  lustre  to  the  reign  of  William  and 
3Iary. 

Our  independence  was  not  the  growth  of  a  year,  or  of  ten  years.  It 
began  in  the  infancy  of  the  colonies  ;  and  found  its  best  tutelage  here  in 
New-England. 

The  founders  of  these  states  were  Englishmen,  with  all  the  characteristics 
which  that  name  implies  when  spoken  of  those  who  did  most  to  establish 
the  reputation  and  shape  the  destiny  of  England  in  the  sixteenth  century. 
Thei:  clergymen  were,  almost  without  exception,  graduates  of  the  great 
English  universities ;  well  versed  in  the  learning  of  tiieir  time,  deeply 
interested  in  all  political  and  ecclesiastical  movements,  and  with  a  strong 
bias  against  un-English  tendencies  in  church  or  state.  Next  to  the  Bible 
and  the  Catechism,  they  knew  the  old  Charter.  They  discussed  it  line  by 
line,  and  word  by  word ;  and,  as,  from  the  Pentateuch  they  were  able  to 
deduce  a  civil  and  moral  co«le  minutely  particular,  so,  in  this  instrument, 
they  found  authority  for,  or,  at  least,  no  obstacle  to,  the  advanced  ideas  of 
political  liberty  which  thty  had  imbibed  elsewhere.  Children  were  taught 
to  consider  it  the  source  of  inestimable  blessings;  and  the  old  men  were 
glad  to  relate  its  perilous  history. 

The  sentiments  which  the  fathers  had  entertained  for  the  Charter  of 
King  Charles,  were,  l)y  tlieir  posterity,  transferred  to  the  Charter  of  William 
and  Mary.  True,  this  new  Charter  reserved  to  the  Crown  the  appointment 
of  the  chief  executive  officers  of  the  province, — a  feature  which  was,  at 

*  See  Sh.irsTroo(r3  I'Jition  of  Elackstonc's  Commentaries,  vol.  i.  p.  107,  and  the  note  by 
the  American  editor. 


1875.]  Mr.  GoodeWs  Address  at  Salem.  361 

first,  earneetly  opposed ;  but,  as  these  officers,  v;hen  not  native  born  and 
enjoying  public  confidence,  had,  sometimes,  commendod  themselves  to  popu- 
lar favor  in  various  ways,  hostility  to  the  Charter,  on  this  account,  grew 
feeble,  and  finally  cea'^ed.  TJie  king  had  also  reserved  in  this  instrument 
the  right  to  n  ject  the  acts  o/  their  legislature ;  but  this  negative  voice, 
though  it  might  eml)ariass  them  and  retard  their  jirugress  in  somedireetions, 
was  not  a  posili\e  encroachment  on  their  independence. 

In  a  school  of  politics  thus  peculiar,  and  coulined  to  few  and  simple 
issues,  our  fathers  were  educated.  The  absence  of  complex  interests  ia 
their  political  aud  civil  atlairs,  led  to  clearness  in  tht.'ir  perception,  and 
adroitness  and  force  in  their  treatment,  of  topics  of  political  controversy. 
For  a  long  time  before  what  the  gooil  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph  calls  "  these 
innovations"  were  started  in  parliament,  they  had,  skilfully,  antl  generally 
with  success,  conducted  a  diplomatic  contest  with  the  privy  council,  and 
the  Lords  of  trade,  who,  from  courteously  advising  and  negativing,  had  be- 
gun, in  a  more  imperious  tone,  to  direct  aud  order.  From  the  privy  coun- 
cil they  had  been  inclined  to  appeal  to  parliament ;  not,  indeed,  with  the 
idea  of  surrendering  their  independence,  but  to  secure  a  powerful  ally  in 
the  defence  of  their  rights  under  the  Charter,  or  as  submitting  their  case 
to  a  referee  accepted  by  their  opponents.  While  the  prospect  of  redress  by 
parliament  v/as  fair,  they  were  disposed  to  look  too  exclusively  to  that 
quarter  for  a  remedy,  and  had  well-nigh  submitted  to  some  encroachment, 
on  their  traditional  autonomy.  The  joint  operations  of  the  home  govern- 
ment and  the  colonies,  in  the  wars  with  France  and  Spain,  had  the  etfect, 
in  a  great  measure,  to  push  aside,  as  of  secondary  importance,  questions  that 
in  times  of  peace  had  appeared  of  vital  moment. 

When  it  was  discovered  that  the  chances  of  securing  a  recognition  of 
their  claims  by  parliament  were  even  less  encouraging  than  at  the  council- 
board,  they  began  to  correct  their  recent  error.  They  repudiated  the  au- 
thority of  parliament ;  first,  in  matters  of  internal  government.  And, 
though  they  app-^aled  in  vain  to  their  own  courts  for  the  preservation  of 
their  rights  under  the  charter,  their  success  in  parliament  encouraged  them, 
in  due  time,  to  deny  the  authority  of  parliament  in  all  matters  of  external 
government  peculiaaly  affecting  them ;  and  they  came  back,  at  length,  to 
the  original  claim  of  the  fathers, — to  entire  exemp  .ion  from  legislative  and 
executive  interference  in  all  matters  of  government,  except  in  those  por- 
ticidars  stipulated  in  the  charter ;  in  short,  to  the  claim  of  local  indepen- 
dence. 

This  point  they  had  reached  at  the  time  of  the  events  we  hare  been 
considering. 

Having  thus  viewed  the  outward  incidents  in  which  the  event  we  com- 
memorate is  clothed, — the  garb  in  which  it  moves  across  the  stage  in  the 
grand  drama  of  history,  and  having,  I  fear,  overstepped  the  limits  which  the 
occasion  and  your  patience  prescribe,  by  a  too  dry  and  a  very  impierfect 
representation  of  the  interior  processes  which  led  up  to  this  event,  I  shall 
not  trespass  upon  your  indulgence  by  pursuing  these  subjects  further. 

The  theme  is  fruitful  of  suggestions,  appropriate  and  deeply  interesting. 
How  it  tempts  us,  for  instance,  to  emphasize  the  distinction  between  liheritj 
and  independence,  to  look  both  backward  and  forward  from  this  event,  for 
epochs  in  the  history  of  personal  independence, — of  individual  liberty  ;  to 
trace  the  indebtedness  of  Massachusetts,  for  this  blessing,  to  a  despised  sect, 
now  fast  dissolving  in  the  beams  of  toleration  ;  to  note  how  that  toleration 
had  been  secured  in  this  colony  by  the  meek  persistency  of  the  same  sect, — 


^^^  ^r.  GoodelVs  Address  at  Salem.  [Oct. 

tiie  long-sufforing  Quakers,— almost  a  i^eueration  before  the  great  act  of 
VVilliam  au.l  .Afary ;  how  Thomas  INfauh-.  a  Quaker,  in  this  very  tow..,  and 
in  the  court  house  whicli  proccdcd  tlie  building  of  1774,  vindicated  tin; 
freedom  of  the  pre>s,  and  the  right  of  the  jury  to  judge  of  the  k\v,  as  well 
as  of  the  fact,  in  criminal  cases,  more  than  two  generations  before  thu  di.s- 
cussioD  ofthe  same  issues  in  AV^\stmin?ter  Hall  shook  the  very  foundation, 
ot_  the  British  throne;'  how  the  Quaker  inhabitants  of  Dartmouth  an.l 
liverton,  a  generation  later  still,  secured,  for  the  members  of  their  own 
sect,  an  exemption  from  the  support  of  the  ministers  and  meeting-houses 
of  another  denomination;'  and  how  this  exemption  was,  afterward^extend- 
ed  to  the  Baptists,  and.  finally,  to  all  citizens. 

On  an  occasion  like  this,  when  the  Iioart  is  stirred  by  patriotic  emotions, 
and  the  cheek  mantles  with  the  glow  of  pride,  as  we  recount  the  peculiar 
blessings  of  liberty  which  we  enjoy,  it  is  well  to  make  some  inquiry  afuT 
the  forgotten  few  by  whose  testaments,  sealed  with  their  blood,  we,  the  de- 
scendants of  their  persecutors,  have  receive.l  these  invalualjle  legacies,  and 
to  make,  even  thus  late,  an  acknowleilgment  as  free  and  broad  as°the  bounty 
bestowed.  "^ 

^  The  story  of  the  past  intimate  connection  between  the  two  kindred  na- 
tions, revived  by  this  great  occasion,  and  the  change  of  feeling  which  a 
century  has  wrought,  irresistibly  impel  us,  at  this  time,  to  do  something  to 
remove  any  lingering  trace  of  that  old  and  indiscriminate  prejudice  against 
the  country  whose  ministers  inflicted  such  har»h  and  unnatural  wronas^'upon 
our  fathers ;  to  plead  that  the  abuses  of  a  party,  however  large,  should  not 
forever  be  laid  to  the  charge  of  a  nation  ;  to' invoke  a  larger  measure  of 
love  and  veneration  for  the  great  characters  who,  in  both  houses  of  parlia- 
ment, on  the  bench,  and  in  the  cabinet,  were  our  staunch  friends  throughout 
our  contest  with  the  mother  country  ;  and  to  pay  a  fresh  tribute  of  gratitude 
and  sympathy  to  our  warm  frieiMls,  in  the  great  community  of  England, 
who_  were  forced  to  bear  their  portion  of  the  burden  of  a  useless  and 
fratricidal  war, — a  war  begun  and  continued  against  their  entreaties,  and 
absorbing  from  the  public  treasury  the  enormous  sum  of  one  hundred  mil- 
lions of  pounds  sterling. 

As  we  recall  the  eloquence  of  Chatham  and  Burke,  Barre  and  Conway; 
the  efforts  of  the  representatives  from  London  ,  the  mild  persuasion  of 
Jonathan  Shipley,  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph  ;  and,  above  all,  the  intense  earn- 
estness and  the  mighty  weight  of  authority  which  Lord  Camden  unsuccess- 
fully brought  to  the  support  of  liis  views  of  our  cause,— views  so  accordant 
with  those  of  our  own  patriots  that,  while  we  read,  we  query  whether, 
after  all,  his  ideas  w  ere  not  furnished  from  Boston  ; — when  we  behold  that 
array  of  noble  names  in  the  House  of  Lords,  which,  once  and  aijain, 
appears  subscribed  to  a  protest  agxinst  the  passage  of  the  acts  of  tyranny  ;' 
when  we  read  the  appeals  in  our  buhalf  by  the  inayor,  aldermen  and  livery 
of  the  city  of  London,— we  begin  to  feel,  as  our  fathers  felt,  that  skies  may 
change,  but  not  the  hearts  of  those  who  pass  beyond  the  sea.  We  are  at 
home,  once  more,  on  the  green  sward  of  England,  all  aglow  with  our  old- 
time  love  and  admiration. 

'Tis  true,  alas  !  that  there  was  the  darker  and  the  prevaiIin<T  side.  But 
the  minority  who  were  with  us  far  outweighed,  in  point  of  character  and 

'See  an  account  of  this  tri.'.l  in  Chandler's  American  Criminal  Trials,  and  in  Historical 
Collections  ot'tlie  h-av-x  In.-tirure,  vul.  iii.  ij).  2.')S-2o;i. 

J  ,^':!'-'^^^-^':''^'^  ^^''^'^'''•''^-''ll'^'^''  ^'^'^'''^^^^  vol.  ii.,  note  to  the  act 

of  1722-23,  cnap.  8,  ou  p.  2t>y. 


jSIr.  GoodelVs  Address  at  Salem.  363 

intellect,  the  misinformed  and  infatuated  cro^vd  opposed  to  lis.  The 
thoiii;hts  of  Joso[>li  rriestly,  Kichard  Price,  and  Lord  Camden,  will  be 
studied  with  prolit  by  conung  generations  wlierever  our  tongue  is  spoken ; 
•while  the  '•  Taxation  no  Tyranny  "  of  Dr.  Johnson  ;  tlie  imitations  of  his 
weak  idolaters;  John  Wesley's  abridgmeut  of  the  Doctor's  tract, — hii 
prayer^  f';r  our  overthrow,  and  those  AVesleyan  songs,  breathing  anathemas 
and  invoking  divine  vengeance  upon  us,  have  passed  into  obHvion.  Possibly, 
by  the  aid  of  the  bookbmder,  tliey  have  been  turned  to  their  only  useful 
purpose, — pasted,  it  may  be,  in  the  backs  of  elegant  editions  of  the  speeches 
of  WilHam  Pitt  and  Edmund  Burke. 

The  mention  of  these  things  must  suffice.  Resisting  the  temptation  to 
wander  further  from  our  immediate  theme,  let  us  turn  once  more  to  the 
earnest  men  whose  daring  and  fortitude  secured  the  boon  of  independence 
which  has  been  transmitted  to  us,  their  posterity.  "What  insjdred  them  to 
attempt  so  great  an  enterprise,  and  why  were  they  successful? 

We  have  been  accustomed  to  hear  it  said  that  our  fathers  were  sensitive 
of  their  right;,  persistent  in  their  purposes,  unwearied  in  endeavor  and  for- 
tunate in  achievement  because  of  tlieir  education;  that  they  had  been 
taught  to  cherish  every  tradition  of  liberty,  and  ever  to  aspire  to  the  liigh 
ideal  presented  by  the  self-sacritice,  courage  and  devotion  of  their  fathers. 
Be  it  so  ;  then  this  is  a  sufricient  reason  fur  imitating  tlieir  example,  and 
fully  justices  what  we  are  doing  to-day  in  commemoration  of  their  deeds. 

But  was  there  not  a  deeper  and  more  comprehensive  cause  than  this? 
Something  not  accidental,  nor  elective  ;  not  dependent  upon  tradition,  times 
or  circumstances,  but  inherent ;  sure  to  produce  the  same  peculiarities  in 
every  generation,  and  under  all  circumstances ;  something  spontaneous, 
irrepressible,  constitutional  ? 

.  Start  not  when  1  afiirm  that  there  was  such  a  cause  :  it  lay  in  the  supe- 
riority of  the  American  stock. 

Superiority  in  the  feudal  sense  may  not  always  indicate  native  excellence, 
yet  the  distinctions  of  rank  were,  originally,  the  badge  of  preeminent  ser- 
vices rendered  to  what  represented  the  state,  and,  in  early  times,  when 
pecuniary  possessions  were  insecure,  they  were  the  only  adequate  rewards 
which  could  be  conferred  for  superior  valor  and  virtue.  Families  which 
can  be  traced  step  by  step,  for  centuries,  must  have  possessed  some  com- 
manding ciualities  to  have  continued  to  hold  a  conspicuous  place  among  their 
contemporaries,  and  to  have  thus  marked  their  course  by  enduring  monu- 
ments. 

In  the  great  struggle  for  existence  I  think  it  will  be  found,  that  not  only 
the  strongest  and  healthiest  survive,  but  that,  in  the  end,  the  best  prevaU 
and  make  the  most  permanent  impressions.  Indeed,  if  this  is  not  so,  the 
world  is  surely  retrograding  and  the  highest  hopes  of  mankind  are  a  snare 
and  a  delusion. 

Our  f.ithers  from  the  first  cared  perhaps  too  little  for  what  they  consider- 
ed the  accidents  of  birth  and  lineage ;  and,  except  in  the  case  of  John 
Adams,  and  the  few  who  shared  his  views,  there  was  a  universal  tendency 
among  the  revolutionary  patriots  to  suppress  even  the  mention  ot  family 
superiority.  But,  though  they  would  not  boast  of  it,  they  could  not  be  in- 
sensible of  its  influence  not  only  on  the  character  of  the  people,  but  as  a 
motive  of  conduct.  Time  has  lifted  the  veil  which  the  Puritans  and  revo- 
lutionary republicans  allowed  to  fall  between  the  public  eye  and  their  tamily 
records.  AH  around  us  are  surnames,  inherited  from  the  tirst  immigrants, 
that  are  to  be  found  in  Domesday-Book  and  the  Roll  of  Battle  Abbey. 


364  Mr.  GoodelVs  Address  at  Salem. 

The  later  iuvestigations  of  genealogists  Lave  sui-prised  us  with  their  rcvc- 
latiou5  of  the  antiquity  and  historic  eminence  of  a  Xht'^q  number  of  e:irlv 
l^e\7-Euoiand  families.  Several  hundred  elaborate  pedij.'ree.s  have  i.v-.V 
been  jjubli^hed,  some  of  which  have  been  traced  througii  noble  lines,  witii 
names  and  dates,  from  generation  to  generation,  back'^to  the  days  of  f!ie 
Plantagenets,  and  the  house  of  Blois.*  In  our  probate  files,  among  privjitc 
papers,  and  on  neglected  tombstones  in  the  oldest  grave-yards,  are  yet  to  i)e 
seen  the  arms  of  many  families  whose  connection  with  their  ancient  kindr.il 
in  England  has  thus  been  pointed  out  and  subsequently  veriHed.  "Wo 
know  as  a  matter  of  history  that  in  those  grave-yards  reposes  the  dust  of 
descendants  of  Sason  carls  and  Norman  kings.  A  Puritan  daughter  of  the 
Earl  of  Lincoln,  descendants  of  the  Earls  of  Northumberland,  and  the  fa- 
mous oM  family  of  St.  John,  share  here,  without  a  monument,  a  commoa 
receptacle  with  the  posterity  of  Bishojis  Morton,  Bonner  and  Still,  and  the 
known  kindred  of  Archbishops  Cranmer  and  Grindal.  These  are  our  kins- 
folk and  ancestry,  and  no  foolish  aflfectation  of  self-abasement,  after  the  stylo 
of  Mr.  Boimder'oy,"  and  no  fear  of  derision  should  deter  us  from  a  frank 
avowal  of  the  fact. 

Why  should  the  man  who  discriminates  between  his  Berkshire  pig  and  a 
common  shote,  or  jealously  guards  the  pedigrees  of  his  thoroughbred  cattle 
and  horses,  admit  nothing  in  favor  of  th3  transmission  of  good  qualities  in 
Lis  own  kind?  It  matters  not  whether  transmitted  excellence  in  the  human 
fiiraily  be  congenital  or  traditionary.  Either  way  the  fact  is  most  satis- 
factorily illustrated  in  the  history  of  Puritan  New-England,  and  may  accoiml" 
for  the  marked  purity,  frugality,  industry,  intelligence,  cotirage  and  enter- 
prise of  her  people  in  all  generations. 

Though,  for  want  of  evidence,  I  am  not  prepared  to  assert  that  this  con- 
dition of  society  prevailed  in  the  other  colonies,  it  is  unquestionable  that  the 
Revolution  was  not  a  pretest  against  rank  and  titles.  Samuel  Adams  de- 
clared that  "  The  seeds  of  aristocracy  began  to  spring  even  before  the  con- 
clusion of  oiu-  struggle  for  the  natural  rights  of  men."  ^  At  the  close  of  the 
war  there  was  more  than  mere  discussion  as  to  the  propriety  of  establishing 
something  like  the  European  system  here.  Fortunately,  the  more  demo- 
cratic ideas  prevailed.  Our  fathers  wisely  concluded  that  hereditiiry  ofhcos 
and  honors  were  excessive  compensation  for  the  highest  services  which  it  is 
possible  for  any  member  of  society  to  render.  It  seemed  to  them  that  they 
had  gone  far  enough  in  that  direction  in  confirming  the  prmciple  of  in- 
heritance of  property, — in  permitting  the  wealth  acquired  by  the  skill  or 
industry  of  one  to  pass  intact  to  his  descendants,  who  might  be  drones  in 
Bociety,  and  utterly  unworthy  to  possess  it. 

Besides  their  natm-al  inclination  to  dwell  on  the  history  and  example  of 
their  forefathers,  and  their  conviction  of  the  legal  soundness  of  their  claims 

*  Savage's  Genealogical  Dictionary  of  New-England,  in  four  volumes,  'Vrhitinore's 
American  Genealogist,  and  tlie  several  genealogical  »\vl  heralJic  periodicals  exhibit  strikiug 
evidence  of  the  accurate  and  full  manner  in  which  family  histories  are  preiervcd  in  Nc^- 
England,  and  of  the  social  superiority  of  the  coloni-ts.  Savage  declares,  "Even  if  our 
views  be  restricted  to  the  lineal  origin  of  those  people  here,  when  the  long  protracted 
impolicy  of  Great  Britain  drove  our  fathers  into  open  hostility,  and  forced  them  to  become 
a  nation  in  1776,  in  that  century  ana  a  half  from  its  colonization,  a  purer  An2ll>^axon 
race  would  be  seen  ou  this  sid-j  of  the  ocean  than  on  the  other:  "  and  SVhitmore  alhrnis  th;'.t 
nine-tenths  of  onr  native  citizLUS  can  prove  t'leir  descent  for  eight  generatiuns,  and  at  eajh 
step  timi  a  man  of  distinguished  position.    There  are  no  better  authorities. 

*  "  Wh;it  woulil  Mr.  Boundefby  say  ? " — Gradijrind. 

"Not  tiiat  a  ditch  was  new  to  me,  for  I  was  born  in  a  ditch." — Bour.derby.    "  Biird 
Times,"  cliaps.  3  and  4. 
.    ^  The  Life,  &c.,  of  Samuel  Adams,  by  William  Y.  Wells,  vol.  iii.  p.  316. 


1875.]  Mr.  GoodelVs  Address  in  Salem.  3 Go 

to  the  right  of  local  indepeudeuce,  thoy  were  instinctively  hopeful  of  the 
future. 

Tlic  vision  of  a  New  Canaan  in  this  wilderness, — that  prognostication  of 

„T,^;t:.,»t  i>,ir".+o„  r-n^-.-  TT-'.,;..i,  i^-.i  v.;.,:-;  r,:p..,.L._;l  iu  rurlluii  bcrmous  and 
home  aloft  on  Piuitan  prayers ;  a  prospect  which  had  nerved  them  in  battle, 
enpponed  their,  in  liardsiiips,  encouraged  them  to  ent<'rprise  on  the  sea,  and 
in  the  SLtilcineut  of  new  territory,  and  made  tlicir  exiie  from  their  native 
laud  not  oidy  tolerable  but  happy,  grew  in  tlieir  descendants  into  a  fore- 
eitrht  of  a  irreat  and  prosperous  state,  eclipsing  the  effete  kingdoms  of  the 
old  world  and  becoming  rhe  chief  gem  in  the  lirlcish  crown. 

Nor  was  the  idea  peculiar  to  them.  Their  hopes  ripened  into  assurance 
when  they  read  the  concurrent  tesiimony  of  Eui-opcan  bards  and  piiiloso- 
phers.  Forty  years  before,  they  had  committed  to  memory  the  stirring  pre- 
diction of  Bishop  Berkeley  : — 

"  The  muse,  disgusted  at  an  a^e  and  clime 
Barren  of  eveiy  glorious  tlieme, 
In  distant  lauds  now  waits  a  better  time 
Producing  subjects  worthy  fajue. 

****** 

There  shall  be  siin^  nnothcr  golden  age, 

The  rise  of  empire  and  of  arts. 
The  good  and  great  inspiring  epic  rage, 

The  wisest  heads  and  noblest  hearts. 

Not  such  aj;  Europe  breeds  in  her  decay, 
Such  as  fihc  bred  when  fresh  and  young, 

When  heavenly  tiame  did  animate  her  clay, 
By  future  poets  shall  be  sung. 

Westward  the  course  of  empire  takes  its  way  ; 

The  four  first  acts  already  past,  \ 

A  fifth  shall  close  the  drama  with  the  day  ; 

Time's  noblest  offspring  is  the  last." 

IMinds  thus  certain  of  their  rights,  proud  of  their  history,  and  constitu- 
tionally hopeful  of  a  great  destiny,  vrould  naturally  be  conscious  of  their 
dignity.  They  would  be  apt  to  resent  any  treatment  implying  indith.-rence 
or  cont  .mpt,  and  woidd  submit  to  no  imposition.  While. such  men  m-glit 
lavishly  respond  to  applications  for  favors,  they  would  indignantly  refuse  the 
slightest  tribute. 

The  claim  of  the  Home  Government  to  be  reimbursed  by  the  colonies  a 
portion  of  the  expenses  hicurred  in  the  reduction  of  the  French  possessions 
in  America, — the  claim  which  was  embodied  in  the  acts  of  parliament  that 
led  to  the  revolt  of  the  colonies, — was  considered  by  the  latter  as  grossly 
unjust  and  inequitable.  The  colonists  could  not  forget  the  story  of  altL-rnate 
hope  and  disappointment, — the  sad  tale  recorded  in  the  armals  of  New- 
England  through  a  v.hole  century. — of  their  own  endeavors  to  take  an'l  hold 
those  possessions;  of  long,  expensive  war,  signalized,  it  is  true,  by  heroic 
achievements  and  crowned  with  the  laurels  of  victory,  but  yet  involving 
bluodshed,  misery,  poverty  and  despair. 

Acatha  and  Canada  wrested  from  the  French  before  the  settlement  of 
Boston,  bat  restored  by  the  pertidious  Charles,  at  St.  Germain  ; — Acadia 
re-conquered  by  New-England  forces  in  the  time  of  the  commonwealtah..  but 
Port  Koyal,  and  the  whole  coast  we.-tward.  again  taken  by  New-EugJand 
resurrendered  to  France,  after  the  Eestoraiou,  by  the  treaty  of  Breda ; — 

VOL.    XXIX.  S2 


366  Mr.  GoodeWs  Address  in  Salem.  [Oct. 

in  IGOO,  but  seven  years  later,  together  ^vlth  Labrador,  Hudson's  Bay, 
Canada  and  the  great  ^Ii.ssi^;si[)[)i  valley,  i^iioniiiiiously  given  1ja''k  to 
France  by  the  treaty  of  Kyswk'k  ; — I'ort  Ko}al  once  more  rescued  from 
French  dominion  by  the  united  forces  of  Old  and  New-England,  in  1710, 
to  bp  hp-]iy  '-■  1^  '.'..,  j-."o,  ai.J  liieu  ba>eiy  returned  by  the  treaty  of 
Utrecht: — the  cnjiture  of  Louisburg  and  Cape  Breton  in  1745,  and  their 
restoration  to  France  at  Aix  hi  Chipolle  in  IT  IS  ; — the  conquest  of  Nova 
Scotia  under  Gen.  Win.slow  in  1755  ; — the  losses  of  the  colonies  in  previous 
unsuccessful  attempts,  and  their  contributions  to  the  recent  war,  seemed  not 
only  to  entitle  them  to  exemi)ti()n  from  further  biu'dens  but  to  merit  ampler 
acknowledgment  from  the  mother  country,  than  they  had  yet  received. 

Indeed,  the  forbearance  of  the  colonies  to  press  demands  for  reimlmrsc- 
rnent  of  their  comparatively  enormous  expenses,  incurred  in  extending  and 
preserving  the  dominions  of  the  Crown,  can  only  be  explained  by  the  fact 
that  they  deemed  it  but  a  necessary  incident  to  local  independence,  and  that 
if  they  were  incapable  of  maintaining  their  local  dominion  without  assist- 
ance, they  could  not  expect  the  home  government  to  recognize  their  right 
to  claim  it. 

I  will  pursue  the  theme  no  further.  The  slow  march  of  a  century  has 
brought  the  mother  and  her  distant  progeny  into  new  and  more  amicable 
relations.  Unity  of  thou^'ht  and  liifniage  have  inscpar^ibly  blended  their 
llluicttuitt  ana  liieir  science.  The  common  law  of  both  is  expounded  alike 
in  their  courts  of  justice,  and  the  progressive  tendencies  of  their  legislation  are 
identical.  The  ancient  social  distinctions  of  the  mother  country  have  lost 
much  of  the  exclusiveness  which  formerly  characterized  them,  and  England 
no  longer  wears  an  aspect  of  hopeless  senility,  but  begins  to  realize  the 
vision  of  the  great  Puritan  bard: — 

"Methinks  I  see  in  my  mind  a  noble  and  puissant  nation  rousing  herself 
like  a  strong  man  after  sleep,  and  shaking  her  invincible  locks  ;  methinks  I 
see  her  as  an  eagle  mewing  her  mighty  youth,  and  kindling  her  undazzled 
eyes  at  the  lull  midday  beam." 

In  all  directions  we  lind  a  marked  progress,  in  both  countries,  toward  the 
embodiment  of  the  grand  idea  of  human  brotherhood.  Following  the  ex- 
example  of  England,  the  United  States  have  abolished  the  system  of 
involuntary  servitude,  with  all  its  demoralizing  intluences.  We  take  a  com- 
mon pride  in  the  thought  that  our  language  has  already  begun  to  be  the 
chosen  vehicle  of  science,  and  we  unite  in  rejoicing  in  the  belief  that  it  w  Ul, 
one  day,  be  the  universal  tongue- 
Has  not  the  time  arrived  for  forgetting  all  feuds,  burying  all  animosities, 
and  uniting  the  two  nations  by  a  nmtual  pledge  to  abolish  war,  succor  the 
oppressed,  enlighten  the  ignorant,  replace  misery  and  poverty  wdth  joy  and 
plenty,  and  set  an  example  to  all  nations  of  dignity  without  tinsel  and 
power  without  tyranny? 

As  a  step  towards  this  happy  consummation,  I  suggest  that,  in  the  coming 
centennial  celebration  at  Philadelphia,  we  unveil  the  statues  of  Charles 
Pratt,  Lord  Camden, — always  the  firm  friend  of  America, — and  Samuel 
Adams,  our  first  patriot. 

"WTiether  the  anniversary  of  our  separation  be  thus  felicitously  marked  or 
not,  it  needs  not  the  gift  of  prophecy  to  discern  that  the  time  is  coming 
when  the  proud  empress  of  the  seas,  laying  aside  her  ancient  diadem,  will 
point  to  our  prosperous  states, — her  children, — and  say  to  the  world,  *'  These 
are  my  jewels !  " 


1875.]  J/r.  Dana's  Oration  in  Lexington.  367 


a:^t  or.ATiox'  o::  the  one  tiundredtii  anxiveusary 

OF  THE  BATTLE  OF  LEXINGTON,  APRIL  I'J,  Ulb. 

Bj  Richard  II.  D.v.va,  Jr.,  LL.D.,  of  Boston. 

HOW  mysterious  is  that  touch  of  Fate  which  gives  immortality  to  a 
spot  of  earth,  —  to  a  name!  The  vital  spark  falls  upou  it,  and  it 
Hashes  into  immortal  life.  There  v/ere  countless  passes  tliroui^h  the  Locrian 
Mountains  whose  names  have  perished.  Tiie  lot  fell  upou  one  of  them ; 
and  the  name  of  Thermopylae  is  as  fresh  after  two  thousand  years  as  at  tho 
glory's  height  of  Greece,  and,  the  world  over  is,  and  ever  will  he,  amoiif» 
all  races  and  in  all  tongues,  a  Vvatchword  for  heroic  self-devotion,  au  electric 
shock  to  create  a  soul  of  patriotic  valor  under  the  ribs  of  death. 

There  were  thick  stud.ded  villages  over  the  plains  of  Belgium  unkno^ii 
to  fame,  and  none  less  known  than  Waterloo,  whose  name  on  the  morninfr 
of  the  18th  June,  1815,  had  not  been  heard  beyond  the  sound  of  its  village 
chimes.  By  the  setting  sun  of  that  day,  it  was  to  stand  forever  an  appeal 
of  pride  and  glory  to  one  great  race,  wlnle  tlie  mere  utterance  of  its 
syllables  stirs  to  the  very  depths  the  resentment  and  chagrin  of  another, 
so  that  its  place  in  human  speech  is  a  standing  menace  to  the  peace  of 
Europe. 

There  were  many  hamlets  of  New-England  through  which  British  troops 
passed  and  repassed  in  1775,  —  hamlets  whose  people  were  no  less  patriotic 
and  devoted  than  your  own  ;  but  the  lot  of  glory  fell  to  Lexington.  A 
few  minutes  of  the  dawn  of  a  spring  morning,  and  your  name  was  sealed 
with  the  blood  of  martyrs;  it  was  to  be  cherished  forever  in  the  allectlonate 
memories  of  t\\Q  people  of  a  continent,  to  be  borne  on  banners  above  the 
smoke  of  battle,  inscribed  upon  the  war-ships  of  a  great  nation,  and 
proudly  carried  into  every  sea,  to  be  adopted  in  grateful  remembrance  by 
hundreds  of  towns  in  all  parts  of  this  empire ;  a  name  which  will  e\"er 
cry,— 

**  Freedom's  battle  once  begun, 

Bequeathed  by  bleeding  sire  to  sot , 

Though  baffled  oft  is  ever  won." 

But  Thermopylas  and  Waterloo,  like  many  other  names,  owed  their 
immortality  to  strangers.  The  three  hundred  Spartans  marched  many 
weary  leagues  from  the  centre  of  Laconia  to  defend,  against  the  myriads 
of  Asiatic  invaders,  those  defiles  for  which  the  natives  had  no  thought  of 
contending.  It  was  the  accident  that  the  two  vast  war-clouds,  charged  full 
with  Gallic  and  British  thunders,  broke  just  there,  which  gave  Waterloo 
what  its  own  nation  could  never  have  given  it.  It  was  foreign  tliut  and 
foreign  steel  that  struck  out  for  it  the  vital  spark.  How  little  have  the 
people  of  Gettysburg  to  do. with  the  consecration  of  its  soil! 

It  is  the  felicity  of  Lexington  that  she  was  consecrated  to  the  world's 
use  by  the  blood  of  her  own  sons.  The  men  who  fell  on  this  green,  under 
the  shadow  of  the  village  church,  willing  martyrs,  were  men  born  and 
reared  here,  taught  at  the  village  school  and  from  the  village  pulpit,  free- 
holders of  your  own  lands,  voters  in  your  own  town-meetings,  organized^ 

_ '  Delivered  before  the  town  aatliorities  of  Lexington,  April  19,  1S75.    Printed  by  pennis- 


3(jS  2Ii'.  Danas  Oration  in  Lexington,  [Oct. 

into  tlie  militia  of  your  little  community.  "When  they  stood  in  line,  v/hon 
they  refused  to  surr^juder  their  arms,  when  tliey  fell  benoath  the  British 
volltjy,  it  was  iu  sight  of  mothers,  Avivcs  and  daughters,  and — that  cuhali.stic 
word  to  all  villagers  of  Xi>\v-Eng!aiid — of  neighbors.  It  was  no  chance 
oonflie*-  '-'f  f.'.-!^..  v/ i.lli^a  iuuiies.  it  was  no  work  of  oven  friendly  and 
neighboring  hands.  Sixty  or  seventy  freeholders  and  voters  of  Lexington, 
in  tiieir  priuiiave  canai;ity,  organized,  after  the  manner  of  their  fathers,  into 
military  array,  by  authority  of  the  town  and  })rovince,  bearing  arms  by  a 
right  they  deemed  their  inalieniible  birthright,  they  stood  there  in  obedience 
to  the  voice  of  the  people  of  the  town  and  province,  their  hearts,  con- 
sciences and  mulersiandings  fully  satisfied  and  fully  instructed,  determined 
Eot  to  begin  war  in  a  staie  of  legal  peace,  but  resolved,  if  war  must  come, 
if  in  the  providence  of  God  it  was  to  begin  there,  to  meet  it  iii  their  own 
persons,  and,  if  it  was  so  written,  to  be  the  first  to  shed  their  blood  iu  the 
common  cause. 

It  is  one  of  the  proofs  of  the  infinite  superiority  of  spirit  over  matter, 
that  this  immortality  of  a  name  is  not  the  accidental  dropping  of  a  material 
force.  It  is  the  conscience,  the  will  of  man,  that  clothes  witli  endless  life 
the  spot  of  earth,  and  forms  its  syllables  into  immortal  speech.  That  spot 
is  consecrate  to  fame  or  infamy  on  which  the  human  spirit  has  done  some 
great  act  for  good  or  evil.  And.  of  ;ill  tlie  go^)d  deeds  that  men  may  do  for 
their  race,  mere  is  none  that  speaks  to  the  heart  like  voluntary  sacrifice. 
It  is  not  the  blood  of  warriors,  but  the  blood  of  martyrs,  that  is  the  seed  of 
the  Church.  It  is  written  in  the  very  constitution  of  human  nature,  that 
without  the  shedding  of  blood  there  is  no  remission  of  the  bonds  and  penal- 
ties which  the  pride  or  the  lusts  of  men  have  laid  upon  even  the  most 
innocent.  It  is  not  so  much  the  field  of  ever  so  just  a  battle,  as  it  is  the 
block,  the  scatlbld,  the  burning  fagots,  the  cross,  of  voluntary,  intelligent 
sacrifice,  which  speak  most  eli';ctively  to  tlie  heart.  Of  all  the  voices  that 
call  to  men,  none  so  stirs  the  soul  as  the  voice  of  the  blood  of  martyrs 
calling  from  the  ground.  And,  of  all  martyrs,  so  it  is.  that,  whether  justly 
or  not,  it  is  the  first  martyrs  v,ho  are  longest  known  and  most  widely 
honored.  In  the  first  centuries  of  the  new  faith,  there  were  countless 
heroes,  saint?,  martyrs  and  confessors  ;  and  armies  fought  in  just  and 
necessary  self-ilefence.  But  the  world  turns  to  one  name,  the  first  conse- 
crated, and  longest  rememl,>ered  ;  for  he  was  the  first  martyr.  He  was  a 
young  man  of  whom  we  know  nothing  but  that  he  was  one  of  seven 
ordained  to  the  lowest  order  of  the  ministry  in  the  church  at  Jerusalem. 
The  chance  came  to  him  first ;  and,  like  all  such  chances,  it  gave  oiily  an 
opportunity.  A  word  of  retraction,  a  hesitation  to  testify  at  the  instant, 
and  his  name  would  have  died  with  his  natural  death.  With  a  brave  and 
willing  heart  he  met  the  issue ;  and  for  eighteen  hundred  years  the  until 
then  unknown  name  of  Stephen  has  been  "honored  by  the  dedication  of 
thousands  of  churches  and  chapels  over  Christendom  to  his  memory;  a  day 
in  the  church's  calendar  is  set  apart  fiir  the  lesson  of  his  death;  and  at  this 
moment  his  name  is  borne  as  a  baptismal  designation  by  no  small  percent- 
age of  the  human  race. 

Xow,  fellow-citizens,  let  us  never  forget  that  the  men  of  Lexington,  on 
that  morning,  were  martyrs, —  intentionally  and  intelligently  martyrs.  Let 
us  consider  this  aspect  oi  martyrd.ora  a  little  more  closely. 

That  was  a  strange  sight  upon  v.diich  the  morning  of  the  19th  April 
broke.  Some  sixty  nn-n  of  your  militia  company,  minute-men.  stood  in 
line,  under  their  oiiiccrs,  on  the  open  village  green,  equipped,  and  with  their 


1875.]  JI)\  Dana's  Omtion  in  Lcy.inglon.  369 

loaded  inn5ket3  in  their  hands.  A  force  of  Uritish  ro^^uhirs  whicii  was 
twelve  tiiMfS,  and  was  reported  to  be  twenty  tiin>^>,  tht.^r  nimil)cr,  was  to 
pass  by.     It  was  a  time  of  loi,^al  peace  throngliout  the  hind.     The  recrnlara 

••■•'-    "-'-   "^ .  -..    ^il;.:j:ii  o:    ouo  ciujuo,  and  .-iiilfj.xt^  of  a  coinmoa 

sovereign.  Our  militia  had  fought  side  by  side  with  liritish  rei,nilars  airainst 
French  regulars  on  many  a  field,  joined  in  the  same  civ  of  l)attle  at  Qiu-boc, 
Ticonderoga.  Crown  Point  and  Louisburg,  and  in  the'  West  Indie?.  ^  They 
had  fallen  side  by  side  in  battle,  lain  side  hj  side  on  the  beds  of  liospitala 
iu  the  malarious  Sugar  Islands,  and  been  buried  iu  common  graves  on  the 
frontiers  and  in  the  torrid  zones.  JMen  of  Lexington  had  so  served  and 
fought  and  died,  in  no  small  numbers.  The  same  hand  that  bore  your 
standard  that  morning  on  the  village  green  had  borne  it  throuidi  the 
smoke  and  din  of  the  a-ssault  at  Louisburg  ;  and  the  same  drums  that  rolled 
the  call  at  break  of  that  day  had  beaten  their  notes  of  assurance  to  the 
British  regulars,  and  of  defiance  to  the  French,  in  more  than  one  encounter. 
The  regulars  were  not  enemies  yet.  They  were  not  unwelcome  as  transient 
visitors,  and  most  welcome  in  a  common  cause.  There  stands  vet.  in 
Westminster  Abbey,  the  monument  this  province  erected  to  Lord'llowc, 
■who  fell  at  Ticondcro'^a. 

Were  these  sixtv  men  there  by  accident?  Were  thov  surprised  t'lerc  by 
a  visit  irom  the  regulars .''  Un  the  contrary,  they  assembled  because  the 
regulars  were  coming.  They  dispersed  when  "the  alarm  was  thought  false, 
and  came  together  again  as  soon  as  it  was  known  that  the  troops  were 
close  at  hand.  Were  they  there  to  obstruct  or  resist  the  march  of  the 
British  ?  They  threw  up  no  breastworks,  however  simple.  They  were 
not  posted  behind  stone  walls  or  houses,  or  in  the  thick  woods  tliat  flanked 
the  highway.  They  stood  alone,  in  line,  on  the  open  common,  a  force 
twelve  times  their  number  marching  upon  them.  They  were  ordered  to 
surrender  their  arras  and  disperse  by  an  officer  who  was  entitled  to  disarm 
aad  disperse  them,  under  the  new  order  of  things,  if  they  were  an  armed 
band  unknown  to  the  law.  The  regulars  came  out  in  part  to  do  that  very 
thing,  if  they  met  any  such  organization  in  arms.  Our  men  refused  to 
surrender  their  arms,  And  refused  to  disperse.  ^lust  they  not  have 
expected  the  result?  The  volley  came,  and  one-quarter  of  that  little  band 
fell  killed  or  wounded.  They  fell  where  they  stood,  their  arms  iu  their 
hands._  They  were  powerless  to  resist,  but  they  would  not  obey.  They 
fell  willing  victims,  martyrs  by  intention  and  in  act.  But  what  did  it 
mean?  Was  it  an  act  of  foolluirdiness  ?  Was  it  a  wilful  detyinir  and 
exasperating  of  the  soldiers  acting  under  royal  orders  ?  Was  their^death 
something  they  proudly  and  vainly  brought  upon  themselves?  Pardon  me, 
my  friends.  Pardon  me,  American,  Massachusetts,  Lexinoton  men  and 
women,  that  I  put  these  questions  as  to  men  whom  a  whole  people  have 
honored  for  a  full  century,  for  whom  monuments  stand,  ami  to  whose 
memory,  this  day,  the  thoughts  of  millions  are  given  in  all  lands  and  on  all 


sea 


We  ought  not  to  be  surprised  if  their  act  should  seem  to  have  been  what 
I  suggest,  to  many  moderate  and  fair-minded  persons  who  do  not  know  well 
the  history  of  those  days  and  the  spirit  of  our  people.  I  would  'rive  a  few 
moments  now.  not  to  show  to  you,  fov  you  all  know  it  too  well,  but  to 
place  on  record  for  all  who  may  ever  need  the  lesson,  the  proofs  that  this 
act  of  our  ancestors,  ia  some  lights  so  inexplicable,  was  a  wise,  well- 
considered  de-ed  of  self-sacririce ;  a  sad  but  necessary  j..;irt  of  a  plan  of 
action  which  the  best  understandings  and  bravest  hearts  of  this  province 

VOL.  X2IX.  32*  ' 


370  Mr.  DcuicCs  Oration  in  Lexington,  [Oct. 

aad  of  the  other  provinces  had  devised  and  rccomraended,  and  which, 
under  the  bh^ssinij;  of  God,  was  acted  out  to  its  letter  on  this  field,  in  a 
way  that  could  not  have  been  buttered,  which  struck  ri,i,dit  home,  touched 
the  deepest  chords,  nave  tlie  surest  cnn>;ofT:'.tinTi  tn  tho  iuevit-iblc  w.ir,  and 
li;ts  uiitau  ihis  aay,  tins  spot,  and  thoir  memory,  blessed  forever. 

It  is  a  niistako  common  amon:]^  European  writers,  which  in  time  may 
affect  new  generations  here,  to  su[)po>:e  that  the  people  of  3Iassachusetts  in 
1775  were  striking  out  for  new  liberties  and  privileges  to  which  they 
thought  them-;cU>^s  entitled ;  that  they  bravely  rose  together,  and  broke 
the  bonds  of  oppression,  and  set  thoniselves  free.  Not  at  all!  Nothing  of 
the  kind !  Notliing  can  be  more  unlike  than  the  American  strugude  of 
1775,  and  the  social  and  political  revolutions  attempted  on  the  continent  of 
Europe  for  liberties  the  revolntioni.sts  do  not  recognize  when  they  see  them, 
and  cannot  keep  when  they  have  got  them.  A\''e  broke  no  bonds.  "We 
were  never  bound.  We  were  free  born.  A  homogeneous  community, 
English,  with  trilling  exce[)tioiis,  taking  possession  of  a  new  land,  the 
.  people  of  ^Massachusetts  had  beon  left  for  live  generations,  by  what  Burke 
called  "the  wise  neglect''  of  Great  Britain,  to  self-government  and  home 
rule.  We  had  grown  up  in  home  rule,  not  only  as  against  Great  Britain, 
but  as  among  ourselves.  "We  called  upon  Great  Britain  for  no  counsel  or 
pecuniary  «id«.  for  rn  ?•:•■  t.iiicc  lu  uur  goveiuuieut,  and  tor  no  soldiers  to 
garrison  our  towns  or  frontier  forts.  "VV'e  had  never  had  on  our  soil  an 
hereditary  title  or  hereditary  institutions.  "We  had  never  had  the  relation 
of  baron  and  vassal,  landlord  and  tenant,  and  no  trace  or  shadow  of  feudal- 
ism lay  upon  the  laud.  Our  small  properties  were  equally  distributed;  and 
no  law  or  custom  tended  to  buiid  up  families  or  privileges  or  great  accumu- 
lated wealth,  but  all  usages  and  laws  worked  directly  the  other  way.  "We 
were  not  theorizers  or  experlnieutallsts  on  speculative  notions  in  civil 
affairs.  We  did  the  work  in  hand  in  the  way  we  found  most  convenient  at 
the  time,  always  keeping  in  view,  what  all  assented  to,  the  substantial 
political  equality  of  men.  We  grew  up  a  territorial  democracy  of  ministers, 
lawyers,  doctors,  merchants,  yeomen,  traders,  mechanics  and  seamen,  all  or 
nearly  all  being  small  proprietors  of  land.  We  tvere  educated  to  the 
responsibilities,  duties  and  burdens  of  self-government,  and  knew  that  there 
was  no  liberty  without  burdens  and  sacrifices.  The  people  of  the  towns 
exercised  many  sovereign  powers,  by  the  ac(puescence  of  the  people  of  the 
province,  because  it  was  convenient,  and  found  to  be  safe.  No  scientific 
line  of  division  was  drawn  ;  but  a  line  v.'as  practically  settled,  as  the  natural 
result  of  conflicting  or  cooperating  necessities,  reasons,  principles  and  con- 
veniences. The  people,  in  their  town-meetings,  provided  for  public  wor- 
ship, built  the  churches,  called  and  paid  the  clergymen,  and  so  exercised 
ecclesiastical  powers.  They  built  the  school-hoiises,,appointed  and  paid  the 
teachers,  determined  what  should  be  taught,  and  so  exercised  educational 
functions.  They  organized  the  town  mihtia,  a[)pointed  its  officers,  built  the 
stockade  fort,  laid  out  the  traiiilng-iield,  provided  arms  and  equipments, 
and  so  exercised  the  military  functions  of  government.  The  towns  ordered 
the  local  police,  drew  the  jurors  for  the  courts,  and  so  took  their  part  in 
judicial  affairs.  Tliey  sent  representatives  to  the  General  Court  of  the 
Province,  and  so  took  part  in  the  highest  legisl.itive  functions.  They  as- 
sessed at  their  discretion,  and  collected  taxes  tor  all  these  purposes,  and  so 
exercised  sovereign  jiowers  over  property.  But  chiefly  these  town-meetings 
were  parliaments  for  the  free  discussion  of  all  questions  touching  the  in- 
terests of  the  people,  and  organs  of  popular  commuuicatioa  with  the  legis- 


1875.1  Mr.  DancCs  Oration  in  Lexington.  371 

latiire  ami  executive.  The  records  of  these  towii-meotiugs  are  the  wonder 
and  admiration  of  students  of  political  pliilosophy  cvirywlioro.  They  were 
a  new  thinix  in  the  worM's  history.  It  has  been  said  that,  if  every  other 
rf^onrd  <:}H>uld  n.M-i><b.  flip  tni«  r-li-iract<»r  and  fidl  lii^fury  of  tlic  civil  .striigLjle 
from  17CO  to  ITTo  could  be  written  from  the  records  of  the  town-meeting3, 
iiic-ltidini,'  the  rcsolntioiis  adopted,  and  the  instructions  scut  to  their  repre- 
sentativt.'S  in  the  General  Court. 

lu  the  provincial  frovernment,  too,  we  were  free.  Wo  chose  representa- 
tives l.v  towns,  and  the  representatives  elected  the  council;  and  the  two 
formed  the  legislature  whicli  made  all  our  laws.  Tliujudijes  were  appointed 
and  paid  by  ourselves.  AVe  ordered  our  own  militia  system,  establi>liL;d  and 
rc'-'ulated  our  judicature  ;  and  persons  charged  with  crimes  were  trie<l  withiu 
the  province,  by  juries  drawn  by  lot  in  the  towns.  We  laid  anil  collected 
our  own  taxes,  and  no  tax  had  ever  been  imposed  upon  us  by  imperial 
power.  We  held  allegiance  to  the  crown,  and  were  parts  of  the  llritish 
empire  ;  but  we  were  a  self-governing,  home-ruling  people,  loyal,  content, 
well-e<lucated,  and  industrious,  giving  no  cause  of  just  complaint  to  the 
peo[^le  of  England.  In  short,  we  had"  been  for  five  generations  the  freest, 
most  self-governing  people  the  world  had  ever  known. 

In  an  evil  hour,"the  pride,  jealousy,  and  greed  of  the  mother  country,  and 
qiiitc  as  m.idi  of  It^  tru.dliig,  ^uu'i.iaeLurlng,  uud  laiddlo  classes,  as  of  its 
nobles  and  gentry,  set  its  eye  upon  the  Colonies  for  imperial  taxation.  "\Vc 
denied  the  right.  lUirke  would  not  argue  the  abstract  question  of  right, 
which,  he  said,  could  only  be  safely  discussed  in  the  schools,  but  stood  on  the 
practical  position,  that  parliament  had  never  taxed  the  Culonies,  that  it  was 
a  novelty  originating  in  a  mere  theory  of  parliamentary  omnipotence,  was 
felt  by  the  Colonists  to  be  unjust  and' oppressive,  and  might  be  dangerous, 
and  would  not  pay  for  itself; 'and  those,  he  said,  were  reasons  enough  for 
statesmen.  The  Stamp  Act  was  passed,  resisted  peacefully  but  p^;rtina- 
ciously,  and  repealed.  The  parliament  returned  to  the  charge  ;  and  the  Tea 
Tax  was  passed,  resisted  by  solemn  leagues  and  covenants  not  to  import  or 
use,  to  which  nearly  all  the  people  became  parties.  Lexington  resolved,  m 
words  which  few  but  a  New-England  townsman  can  fully  appreciate,  "  If 
any  head  of  a  family  iu  this  town,  or  any  person,  shall  from  this  time  for- 
wanl,  and  until  the'duty  be  taken  otf,  purchase  any  tea,  or  sell  and  consume 
any  tea  in  their  family,  such  person  shall  be  looked  upon  as  an  enemy  to 
this  town  and  to  his  country,  and  shall,  by  this  town,  be  treated  with  neglect 
and  contempt."  2vo  anathema,  no  bull  of  excommunication,  no  interdict, 
could  carry  such  terror  to  the  inhabitant  of  a  New-England  town  as  these 
■  plain  words.  (Peaceful  resistance  all  this, — save  in  the  case  of  t^yo  cargoes 
at  IJostou,  to  which  water,  cold  and  salt,  was  prematurely  and  unscientitically 
applied.)  The  Boston  Port  Bill  was  cruel  in  itself,  highly  tyranuicak  and 
a  mean  appeal  to  the  jealousy  of  other  towns  and  provinces,  in  whii-h  it 
failed,  to  their  infinite  credit,  and  only  exasperated  to  the  last  pouit  ot  en- 
durance the  sensibilities  of  a  brave  and  generous  people.  The  Restnunmg 
Acts  restricted  our  commerce,  and  sought  to  banish  us  from  the  fisheries. 

But  bad  as  were  these  well-known  measures,  and  dangerous  to  i)e:ice  and 
liberty,  it  was  not  they  that  aimed  the  fatal  blow  at  our  accustomeil  rights 
and  liberties, — the  blow  that  must  be  fatal  either  to  our  system  of  selt- 
government  and  home  rule,  or  to  parliamentary  and  kingly  omnipotence, 
and  placed  the  two  systems  fiace  to  face  in  irreconcilable  cjntiict.  Ihe  acts 
of  177-1,  geuericaily  known  as  the  Kegulation  Acts,  were  radical  and  revo- 
lutionary.    They  went  to  the  foundations  of  our  public  system,  and  sought 


372  Mr.  DancCs  Oration  in  Lexington.  [Oct. 

to  reconstnict  it  from  the  base  on  a,  theory  of  kingly  and  parliameutary 
omnipotence. 

Let  n\e  recall  to  your  attention  wliat  these  acts  were ;  fur  althou^'h  the 
Stamp  Act.  thp  T«"i  T-iv,  nnd  !t^<?tnn  r..;'t  Jiill,  and  the  Uostrainiug  Acta, 
and  the  Military  Act  had  ularmed  and  exasperated  the  people,  this  moun- 
ment  ou  this  lielil  coinmcmoratcs  resistance  to  the  Keconstruction  Acts 
of  1774. 

The  councillors  had  been  chosen  by  the  people,  through  their  representa- 
tives. Jiy  the  new  hiw  they  were  to  be  appointed  l)y  the  kiiii^,  and  to  hold 
at  his  pleasure.  The  superior  judges  were  to  hold  at  the  will  of  the  king, 
and  to  be  dependent  upon  his  will  for  the  amount  and  payment  of  their 
salaries;  and  the  inferior  judges  to  be  removable  by  the  royal  governoi'  at 
his  discretion,  he  himself  holding  at  the  king's  will.  The  sheritfs  were  to 
be  appointed  by  the  roy;d  governor,  and  to  hold  at  his  will.  The  juries  had 
been  selected  by  the  inhabitants  of  the  towns:  they  were  now  to  be  selected 
by  the  new  sherifts,  mere  creatures  of  the  royal  governor.  Offenders  a<^ain5t 
the  peace,  and  against  the  lives  and  persons  of  our  people,  had  been  tried 
here  by  our  courts  and  juries ;  and  in  the  memorable  case  of  the  Soldiers' 
Trial  for  the  firing  in  King's  Street  in  March,  1770,  we  ha-l  proved  ourselves 
capable  of  doing  justice  to  our  oppressors.  By  the  new  act.  persons  chari:ed 
vr't'i  cr.pit:il  criiiiuo,  uixd  ioy.a  utiiccrs,  civil  or  military, charged  with  offences 
in  the  execution  of  the  royal  laws  or  warrants,  could'be  transferred  for  trial 
to  England,  or  to  some  other  of  the  Colonies.  But  the  deepest-reaching 
provision  of  the  acts  was  that  aimed  at  the  town-meetings.  They  were  no 
longer  to  be  parliaments  of  freemen  to  discuss  matters  of  public  interest,  to 
instruct  their  representatives,  and  look  to  the  redress  of  grievances.  They 
were  prohibited,  exc-pt  the  two  annual  meetings  of  March  and  May,  and 
were  then  only  to  elect  olHcers;  and  no  other  meetings  could  be  held'^uuless 
by  the  written  permission  of  the  royal  governor ;  and  no  matters  could  be 
considered  ujiless  specially  sanctioned  in  the  permission. 

Am  I  not  right  in  sa}  ing  that  these  acts  sought  a  radical  revolution,  a 
fundamental  reconstruction  of  our  ancient  political  system  ?  They  sought  to 
change  self-government  into  government  by  the  king,  and  for  home  rule  to 
substitute  absolute  rule  at  "Westminster  and  St.  James's  Palace.  They  o-ave 
the  royal  governor  and  his  council  here  powers  vhich  the  king  and  his 
council  could  not  exercise  in  Crreat  F>ritain, — powers  fi'om  which  the  British 
nobles  and  commons  had  fought  out  their  exemption,  and  to  which  they 
would  never  submit.  The  British  Annual  Register,  the  best  authority  of 
that  day  on  political  history,  says,  that,  by  this  series  of  acts  against' the 
Colonists,  '•  their  ancient  constitutions  were  destroyed,"  and  they  were 
"deprived  of  the  rights  they  had  ever  been  taught  to  revere  and  hold 
sacred." 

Nor  were  these  acts  mere  declarations.  They  were  to  be  enforced,  and 
at  once,  and  ab.-olutely.  The  ^lilitary  Acts  provided  for  quartering  the 
troops  upon  the  towns.  In  February,  1775,  a  resolution  of  parliament  de- 
clared Massachusetts  in  rebellion,  and  pledged  the  lives  and  property  of 
Englishmen  to  its  suppression.  This  resolution  was  little  short  of  a  decla- 
ration of  war.  Th'i  instructions  of  Lord  Dartmouth,  the  secretary  of  state 
for  the  Colonies,  to  Gen.  Gage,  the  royal  governor,  ran  thus:  "The 
sovereignty  of  the  king  over  the  C<jlonics  requires  a  full  and  absolute  sub- 
mission.''    Gage  writes  to   Lord  Dartmouth,   ''The  time  for  conciliation, 

moderation,  and  reasouing  is  over The  forces  must  take  the  tield ; " 

'•  Civil  government  is  near  its  end."     He  advised  that  the  king  send  twenty' 


i875.]  31  r.  Dana's  Oration  in  Lexington.  373 

thousand  men  to  IMassachusetts,  aiul  with  these  he  would  undertake  to  en- 
force the  new  system,  disarm  the  colonisff?,  and  arrest  the  chief  traitors,  and 
send  them  to   London  for  trial.     A  force  of  five  thousand  regulars  was 
■     gathered  at  Rosfon,  and  more  were  ooinin^r,  nuch-r  disliri_mi.iliod  IcadtMo. 
The  Common  was  occupied,  the  iS'eck  fortilied,  and  Jio^ton  was  under  martial 
law.     Gen,  Gaije  was  authorized  to  order  the  troop:,  to  lire  upon  the  people. 
The  people  by  peacei'id  means  and  moral  coercion,  not  without  intimidation, 
but  without   bloodihod,  prevented  the   now  system  of  lejrislature,  juror';, 
•  judges,  and  execuii%-e  oilicers,  going- into  ellect ;  and   Gen.  Gage  attemi)te(l 
to  seat  the  judges  and  the  new  officers  by  the  troops.     The  people  refused 
to  serve  on  the  juries,  and  iosv,  evi-n  of  the  royalists,  darcfl  to   .accept  the 
offioes  of  judge,  councillor,  or  sheriff.     The.  people  continued  to  hold  their 
town-meetings,  and  organized  county-meetings  and  a  Provincial   Congress, 
and   0:^^Q   resolved   to   disperse   them  by  the  bayonets  of  the   regulars. 
Troops  were  sent  to  Salem  to  disperse  a  meeting,  but  they  arrived  too  late. 
His  proclamation  forbade  the  people  attending  unauthorized  meetings,  diso- 
bedience "  to  be  answered  at  their  utmost  peril."     Wy  another  proclam.ation, 
he  had  ordered  the  arrest  and  securing  for  trial  of  all  who  might  sign  or 
publish,  or  invite  others  to  sign,  tlie  covenant  of  non-importation  ;  and  the 
troops  were  to  do  it.     He  was  ordered,  from  home,  to  take  possession  of 
Z\2Vj  iuri.,  i,o  ZcVJ.^  ..».i  li.j.i,:L^i'y  oLui'co,  ^.titou  unu  iaiprison  all   ilioui^ht  to 
have  committed  treason,  to  repress  the  rebellion  by  force,  and,  generally,  to 
substitute  more  coercive  measures  '•  without  waitins:  for  the  aid'of  the  civil 
magistrates."     In  short,  Massachusetts  v,-as  placed  under  niartial  law,  to  be 
enforced  by  the  king's  troops  ;  ai\d  all  for  the  purjiose  of  changing  radically, 
by  imperial  power,  the  fundamental  institutions  of  the  people,  in  which  they 
had  grown  up,  wldeh  they  had  wisely,  safely,  and  justly  administered,  and 
on  which  their  liberties  depended. 

We  were  not  the  revolutionists.  The  king  and  parliament  were  the  revo- 
lutionists. They  were  the  radical  innovators.  We  were  the  conservators 
of  existing  institution 5.  They  were  seeking  to  overthrow,  and  reconstruct 
on  a  theory  of  parliamentary  omnipotence.  We  stood  upon  the  defence  of 
what  we  had  foimded  and  built  up  under  their  acquiescence,  and  without 
which  we  could  not  be  the  free  and  self-governing  peo[)le  we  had  always 
been.  We  broke  no  chain.  We  prepared  to  strike  down  any  hand  that 
might  attenapt  to  lay  one  upon  us.  There  was  not  one  institution,  law,  or 
custom,  political  or  social,  from  the  mountain-tops  to  the  sea-shore,  that  we 
cared  to  change.  We  were  then  content  to  go  on  as  parts  of  the  British 
empire,  h(dding  that  slack  and  easy  allegiance  we  had  always  held,  on  the 
oM  terms  of  self-government  and  home  rule.  It  was  not  until  more  than  a 
year  after  Lexington  and  Bunker  Hill,  that,  finding  the  two  things  hope- 
lessly mconsistent,  we  declared  our  dynastic  independence,  and  in  that  sense 
and  for  that  purpose  only,  became  revolutionists. 

Ag;iinst  these  subversive  revolutionary  measures,  the  colonists  prepared 
to  resist  by  force,  for  to  that  they  knew  it  must  come.  JNIeetings,  caucuses, 
and  congresses  of  towns,  counties,  of  the  province,  and  of  all  the  jirovinces, 
became  the  order  of  the  day.  They  were  all  illegal  under  the  new  svstem, 
and  we  ht^ld  them  at  our  perU.  The  Provincial  Congress  collected  mUitaiy 
stores,  called  on  the  towns  to  organize  the  town  companies,  and  be^^an  to 
organize  "  the  Army  of  Massachusetts."  The  old  militia,  recognised  by 
the  royal  governor,  h:td  disappeared,  and  the  people's  militia  v. as  fast  form- 
ing, stdl  nichoate  ;  but  it  was  illegal  under  the  new  system,  and  we  joined 
It  at  our  peril.     Gage  determined  to  disarm  and  disperse  the  new  militia, 


374  3Ir.  DancCs  Oration  in  Lexington.  [Oct! 

to  destroy  tho  niilitnry  stores,  ami,  in  sliort,  as  Lord  Dartmouth  susrcijested, 
to  effect  by  the  troops  "  a  i^^eacral  disanuin^;  of  the  colonists."  Thenc  de- 
clarations be^'au  to  be  pnt  into  execution.  The  troops  marched  out  into 
the  country,  to  sliow  thfm^flvos  to  tlie  i<eop!e.  A  force  of  eleven  hundri-d 
visited  •Jani:iioa  i'iain.  A  body  of  one  hundred  was  permanently  quartered 
at  Marslifield,  in  the  Old  CdIuuv.  TIu;  troops  seized  our  powder  at  Charles- 
town,  and  two  liLld-pieces  at  Cambridije.  A  few  weeks  before  the  I'Jth 
of  Ai)ril,  a  large  force  was  sent  to  Salem  to  destroy  tho  military  stores 
collected  there  ;  the  militia  gathered,  the  people  thronged  the  way,  oljstruc- 
tions  were  interposed,  and  the  force  withdrew  without  bloodshed.  The 
troops  cut  off  supplies  intended  for  us,  and  we  cut  off  supplies  intended  for 
them.  Still,  so  fnr,  there  had  been  no  conflict.  No  irretrievable  act  had 
been  done.  Tndor  says,  in  his  Life  of  Otis,  that  notwithstanding  the 
political  excitement  which  continued  for  ten  years  with  hardly  ais*  inter- 
ruption ;  notwithstanding  the  hot  zeal  of  the  Sons  of  Liberty,  the  bitter 
opposition  of  as  zealous  loyalists,  tho  presence  of  the  military,  cases  of 
individual  collision  with  the  soldiers,  and  the  seizure  of  stores,  —  still, 
"  throughout  this  whole  period  of  ferment,  not  a  single  human  life  ^vas 
taken  by  the  inhabitants,  either  by  assassination,  popular  tumult,  or  p»ublic 
execution." 

X'br>  o'^r.'-ci:-::ii  v'  r.Iiadic.icx  resolved  as'^  follov.s  :  "  If  in  support 
of  our  rights  we  are  called  to  encounter  even  death,  we  are  yet  undaunted, 
sensible  that  he  can  never  die  too  soon  who  lays  down  his  life  in  support 
of  the  laws  and  liberties  of  his  country."  Lexington  wrote  to  Boston, 
"  "We  trust  in  God,  that,  should  the  state  of  our  affairs  require  it,  we  shall 
be  ready  to  sacrifice  our  estates  and  every  thing  dear  in  life,  and  life  itself, 
in  support  of  the  common  cause."  Quincy  wrote  from  England,  "  Our 
countrymen  must  seal  the  cause  in  their  blood." 

The  whole  atmosphere  was  charged  with  war.  We  drew  it  in  at  every 
breath.  There  was  a  stillness  of  deadly  preparation,  and  the  patient  await- 
ing of  the  falling  of  the  bolt.  When  the  news  of  the  seizure  of  the  stores 
at  Charlestowu  spread,  with  a  report  that  there  had  been  firing  and  loss  of 
lives,  twenty  thousand  men  were  on  their  march  towards  Boston,  from  all 
parts  of  New-England,  thinking  that  war  had  begun.  They  returned  to 
their  homes,  when  their  report  was  contradicted  by  authority.  The  Pro- 
vincial Congress  ordered  the  citizens  to  pay  their  taxes  to  Mr.  Gardner, 
the  agent  of  the  people,  and  not  to  the  royal  collector ;  and  Lexin:rton 
directed  her  collectors  to  obey  this  order,  and  the  town  would  secure  them 
harmless.  It  appointed  a  day  of  Fasting,  Humiliation,  and  Prayer,  a 
measure  of  deep  significance  in  those  days.  The  issue  was  made  up.  But 
it  w'as  solemnly  resolved  that  we  must  not  precipitate  the  war,  —  we  must 
not  strike  the  first  blow.  We  were  to  endure  threats,  insidts,  and  demon- 
strations of  violence ;  but  the  British  troops  must  fire  the  first  shot.  This 
was  not  a  formal  thing  with  our  ancestors.  They  were  close  reasoners, 
could  walk  straight  on  a  line  of  duty,  and  had  almost  a  superstitious  respect 
for  the  law.  They  felt  the  importance  of  satisfying  the  friends  of  our 
cause  in  England,  and  in  the  other  Colonies,  some  of  which  were  still  im- 
certain,  and  it  was  feared  that  the  people  of  Massachusetts  woidd  outrun 
their  sympathy  and  support.  Accordingly,  the  Continental  Congress  re- 
commended the  people  of  this  Colony  to  avoid  a  collision  with  the  king's 
troops,  and  in  all  cases  to  act  only  on  the  defensive.  This  advice  was 
repeated  by  the  Provincial  Congress,  echoed  by  the  towc-raeeiings,  enforced 
from  the  pulpits  and  the  press,  and  we  were  committed  to  it  before  the 


^^^^•]  ^^f'  Dauas  Oration  in  Lexington.  375 

world.  Men  of  this  day  are  somotimos  amused  to  see,  that,  immediately 
attor  the  I)aitle  of  Lexiugton,  the  colonists  took  to  colleotinc^  affidavits  to 
show  tliat  thn  Britisli  fired  tirst.  But  they  were  better  jud-rcrs  than  ue  can 
now  be  ol  what  was  important  at  that  time. 

"»>  nun  tiio  iniilou  uoo^)^  marched  Out  this  moruing,  it  was  not  merelv  to 
destroy  the  military  stores  collected  at  Concord,  but  to  (hsarm  and  disperse 
any  military  organizations  not  recognized  by  the  new  laws,  and  to  arrest 
and  commit  to  prison  the  leading  patriots.  If  thov  had  come  across  a 
town-meeting  or  a  congress,  bold  without  authority  of  "the  roval  Governor's 
warrant,  they  would  have  entered,  and  dispersed  the  meetii^r  bv  the 
bayonet;  and  who  will  doubt,  that,  like  the  Iloman  senators  in  their  curule 
chaii-s  and  stately  robes,  our  ancestors,  in  their  homespun  clothes,  and  on 
the  p  am  wooden  benches  of  their  ottice,  senators  of  the  town  and  county 
would  have  yielded  up  their  lives  where  thev  sat,  rather  than  ackno\vled."^e 
the  tyrannica  command  ?  It  mattered  little,  and  no  one  could  predict  at 
all,  whether  the  first  blow  would  fall  on  the  town-mcetlu-,  the  conrrre^s  in 
Its  session,  or  the  muitia  company  on  the  trainiug-tield.  ^The  troops  were 
to  destroy  our  military  stores.  If  we  could  collect  men  enough  to  defend 
them,  we  would  lorra  round  them,  and  stand  our  ground  ;  and.  if  the  troops 
retired,  we  1 :  If  not,  they  must  fire  the  first  shot.  The  troops  wore  to 
disarm  and  disperse  the  new  mxYxfrn.  If  a  company  was  out  in  martial 
array  for  the  purpose  of  defence,  they  must  stand  their  ground,  and  retain 
heir  arms.  If  the  regulars  withdrew,  well :  if  not,  the^militia  must  await 
the  nrst  volley. 

Now,  what  was  all  this  but  a  call  for  mart^Tdom  ?  The  first  that  fnll 
must  fall  as  martyrs.  The  battle  would  begin  with  the  shot  which  took 
tneir  lives.  2s o  call  could  be  made  demanding  more  fortitude,  more  nerve 
tiiau  this,  iiany  a  man  can  rush  into  battle,  maddened  by  the  scene,  who' 
would  find  it  hard  to  stand  in  his  line,  inactive,  to  await  the  volley,  if  it 
must  come.  But  our  people  were  thorou-hly  instructed  in  their'  can^e. 
liieyhau  studied  it,  discussed  it  in  the  public  meetiuc:  and  through  the 
press,  earned  it  to  the  Throne  of  Grace,  and  tried  it  by  every  test"  thev 
knew.  _  Ihey  had  made  up  their  minds  to  the  issue,  and  were  prei)ared  to 
accept  its  results.  AVhen  the  news  came,  at  niirht,that  the  re-ular^  were 
out  and  marching  that  way,  the  widow  awaked  her  only  son,°  the  vounT 
bn.le  summoned  her  husband,  the  motherless  child  her  father.  "  The  rcni"^ 
lars  are  out  and  something  must  be  done  I  "  Yes,  something  must  be  done, 
i  hat  something  was  to  stand  on  the  defensive,  and  meet  death  if  it  came, 
and  hen  meet  war  with  war.  The  militia  came  together  on  this  -rcen 
lu  u  .ranks,  with  drums  beating  and  colors  tiving.  Thev  acted  under  th^^  eve 
an.  eounse.  of  Adams  and  Hancock,  and  of  iheir  own  'wise,  venerated,  pat- 
notic  pastor.  Ihe  men  separated  on  the  doubt  as  to  the  truth  of  the  re- 
port, Willi  oruers  to  rally  at  the  drum-beat  and  the  alarm-Tuns.  The  first 
me.^engers  sent  down  the  road  had  been  captured;  and  the  great  force 
^as  moying  steadily  on.  One  scout,  more  fortunate,  escaped,  and  spread 
tiie  alarm  that  the  regulars  were  close  at  hand.  On  the  beat  of  the  drum, 
some  sixty  came  together  on  the  green.  AlFecting  and  heroic  as  is  the  nar- 
rative, us  details  are  too  weU  known  for  me  to  delay  upon  them.  Thev 
were  ordere.J  to  load,  and  stand  in  line.  Strictly  in  accordance  with  the 
command  of  the  congress,  Capt.  Parker  ordered  them  not  to  fire  mdf^ss 
tired  upon,  an-l  not  to  disperse  but  by  his  command.  This,  of  course,  meant 
vvar,  It  the  km-  s  troops  initiated  it.  Ours  was  the  people's  militia,  or-ani- 
ze.i  by  that  body  politic  into  which  the  people  had  thrown  themselves^ond 


37G  Mr.  DancCs  Oration  in  Lexinrjton.  [Oct. 

bearing  arms  in  the  common  ilofence  against  tlic  kinir's  troops,  by  wliat  they 
deemed  their  iiialienahle  riglit,  tlie  surrender  of  whicli  was  the  !>iirren(ler 
of  their  lil)erty.  The  Provincial  Coni^rcss  had  not  yet  established  a  gen- 
eral system  suited  to  extended  militarv  oporatiop*.  The  organizatiuu  had 
iioi  got  miicu  ueyoml  tne  town  companies  of  minute-men  aiid  the  alarm-lists. 
No  cue  could  ki'o-.v,  on  this  ?nd(len  call  and  close-im[)euding  crisis,  exactly 
^\hat  was  best  to  be  done.  Each  band  must  act  for  itself.  But  had  we  begun 
the  attack,  however  snccessfidly,  we  should  have  broken  every  promise, 
disappointed  every  wish,  counteracted  every  plan,  shocked  the  public  sense, 
alienated  the  doubtful ;  and  the  cause  would  have  been  throv/n  back,  if  not 
defeated.  Whatever  might  have  been  wisest,  if  there  were  time  for  delibera- 
tion, and  heads  authoi'ized  to  plan  the  work  for  the  whole  day,  one  thing 
these  few  men  fjlt  v/as  ])ravest.  most  becoming  the  Massachusetts  freeman, 
and  most  in  accordance  with  the  policy  of  the  peoide ;  and  that  was,  to 
stand  their  grouml,  with  loaded  arms  in  their  bauds,  as  a  lawful  militia,  on 
their  lawful  training-iield,  prepared  for  whatever  might  befall  them  ;  ready, 
if  need  be,  as  Lexington  had  promised  Boston,  "to  sacrifice  life  itself  in 
the  common  cause  ; "  feeling,  in  the  words  of  the  Middlesex  llesolves,  that 
"he  can  never  die  too  soon  who  lays  down  his  life  in  support  of  the 
laws  and  liberties  of  his  country." 

Hpt-p  Ipt  m"  r<?P  y;v.r  attj:;tio:i  aside  for  one  moment.  The  people  of 
Massachusetts  have  received  no  little  commendation,  in  some  quarters,  from 
the  not'on  that  ihcy  were  simjde,  peaceful  yeomen  and  mechanics,  unused 
to  war  and  its  works,  facing  for  the  first  time  regular  troops  of  a  warlike 
nation.  That  praise  is  not  our  due,  to  the  extent  supposed.  True,  they 
had  not  seen  war  on  their  own  soil  since  the  last  Indian  fights,  and  the 
younger  of  the  minute-men  had  not  served  in  actual  war  at  all.  But,  from 
the  foundation  of  the  Colony  to  the  last  European  peace,  the  colonists  had 
had  constant  experience  in  savage  and  civilized  warfare.  The  Puritans 
had  no  scruples  about  the  use  of  arms.  Their  pastors  sometimes  went 
with  them  to  the  field  ;  and  the  militia,  when  in  array,  had  their  place  in 
the  public  worship.  During  the  great  French  war,  every  fifth  man  of 
Massachusetts  had  been  iu  the  service ;  and  a  larger  proportion  of  our  able- 
bodied  men  had  been  mustered  into  service  during  the  seven  years  of  that 
•war,  than  Napoleon  had  led  into  the  field  from  the  French  people  at  the 
he  o-ht  of  his  power ;  iu  fact,  t!ie  people  of  Massachusetts  had  been,  up  to 
that  time,  one  of  the  most  martial  people  on  earth.  The  historian  Minot 
tells  us.  that,  in  17.i>7,  one-third  of  the  etTective  men  of  this  Colony  were 
in  the  field,  in  some  form  or  other.  In  the  expedition  to  the  TTest  Indies 
in  1740,  Massachusetts  sent  five  hundred  men,  of  whom  only  fifty  re- 
turned alive  ;  and,  of  that  force  sent  out,  at  least  six  were  men  of  Lexing- 
ton. Of  the  four  tiiousand  and  seventy  men  at  Louisburg,  Massachusetts 
sent  three  thousand  two  hundred  and  fifty.  The  military  records  of  your 
to^vn  are  m.ostly  lost ;  but  Lexington  proves  in  the  service,  between  1748 
and  17G2,  a  vearly  average  of  from  twenty  to  twenty-five  men.  Men  of 
Lexington  were  with  the  Massachusetts  troops  under  "Wolfe  and  Howe, 
Abercrombie  and  Amherst,  at  C^uebec,  Ticonderoga,  and  Crown  Point. 
Massachusetts,  in  177.'),  was  full  of  men  who  had  been  under  fire,  who 
had  held  respectable  commands  in  the  field,  and  had  learned  something  of 
stratecrv  and  of  military  engineering.  The  training-field  was  as  sacred  to 
liberty  as  tlic  meeting-hon-e ;  and  the  old  musket  hung  in  the  chimney 
corner  .as  the  old  family  Bible  lay  upcn  the  table. 

When  the  events  of  that  day  assumed  their  serious  aspect,  the  British 


1875.]  Mr.  Dana's  Oration  in  Lexington.  Zll 

eouc^ht  to  prove  that  this  little  band  fired  first.     Not  only  is  this  improbable, 
nuv,  absurd  in  itsilf,  and  coutradicte<l  by  all  our  tcstiniuny  ;  ])ut  no  Iiritisli 
otlicor  spoaks  of  more  tliau  what  he  hoard  and  believed  at  the  time.     As 
they    ncured  Lo:jington,  the  report  came  to   tliem,   that  some  live  hundred 
Uicu  wcu  uiiJei'  iiLi^^  ,  u^J  I  u.ii  uuL  Jisiuelined  to  reconcile  lh(;ir  testimony 
with  tlie  facts,  by  the  consideration  that  they  heard  the  roll  of  our  drums, 
and  pel  haps  saw  the  t'asli  or  heard  the  report  of  our  signal-guns,  intended 
to  call  our  men  together,  and  thought  them  a  defiance  ;  and  perhaps  ofiicers 
in  the  centre  or  rear  might  have  thought  them  hostile  shots,     liut  the  front 
knew    they    h.ad   not   been   fired  upon,  and  saw    the    short,  thin    lino    of 
sixty  men  with  arms  at  rest.     Pitcairn,  when  he  rode  up  to  them,  and  or- 
dered them  to  surrender  their  arms  and  disperse,  knew  they  had  not  fired, 
lie  wos  not  the  man  to  talk  after  hostile  shots.     Pitcairn  has  had  the  fate 
which  befalls  many  men  who  carry  out  orders  that  aiti?rwaid  prove  fatally 
ill-judged.      When    he    ordered    our    men    to    surrender    their  arms    and 
disperse,  he  was  executing  the  orders  of  his  commander-in-chief  and  of  his 
kuig.     If  Britain  was  in  the  right,  Pitcairn  was  in  the  right.     Twice  they 
were  ordered  to  surrender  their  arms  and  disperse  ;  and  tivice  they  refused 
to  obey,  and  stood  their  ground.     Then  came  the  f  .tal  fire  ;  and  why  not  ? 
Gen.  Gage  had  been  authorized  to  use  the  troops  for  this  very  purpose. 
He  was  authorized  to  fire  upon  the  peoole.  if  necessary  to  enforce  the  new 
laws,  without  waitiug  for  the  civil  magistrate.     He  had  resolved  to  do  so. 
Had  that  volley  subdued  the  resistance  of  Massachusetts,   Pitcairn  would 
have  been  the  hero  of  the  drama.     "Was  he  to  leave  a  military  array  be- 
hind him,  and  not  attempt  to  disarm  and  disband  them  ?     If  they  refused, 
was  he  to  give  it  up  ?     I  haye  never  thought  it  just  or  generous  to  throw 
upon  the  brave,  rough  soldier,  who  fell  while  mounting  the  breastworks  at 
Bunker  Hill,  the  fault  which  lay  on  the  king,  the  parliament,  the  ministry, 
and  the  commander-in-chief.     The  truth  is,  the  issue  was  inevitable.     The 
first  force  of  that  kind  which  the  king's  troops  found  in   martial  array,  was 
to  be  disarmed  and  disbanded;  and,  if  they  refused  to  obey,  they  were  to 
be  fired  upon.     Both  sides  knew  this,  and  were  prepared   for  it.     It  is  in- 
consistent in  us,  and  an  unworthy  view  of  this  crisis,  to  treat  it  as  a  wanton 
and  rutldess  slaughter  of  unoffending  citizens  by  an  armed  force.     It  takes 
from  the  event  its  dignity  and  historic  significance.     It  was  no   such  acci- 
dental and  personal  matter.     It  was  an  atfair  of  stat^.     It  was  the  inevita- 
ble collision  between  organized  forces  representing  two  antagonistic  sys- 
tems, each  a  de  facto  body  politic,  claiming  authority  and  demanding  obedi- 
ence, on  the  same  spot  at  the  same  time.     If  our  cause  was  wrong,  and 
resistance  to  the  new  laws  unjustifiable,  our  popular  militia  was  an  unlawful 
band,  and  ought  to  surrender  its  arms  and  disperse.     If  our  cause  was  right, 
Capt.  Parker's  company  was  a  lawful  array,  and   their  loaded  guns   were 
lawfully  in  their  hands ;  they  had  a  right  to   stand  in   their  line,  on  their 
training-field,  before  their  homes,  and   beside   their  church,   ready  to  shed 
their  blood  in  the  cause,  and  to  fire  w^hen  fired  upon.     They  were   deter- 
mined neither  to  attack,  nor  to  fly  ;  neither  to  surrender  their  arms,  nor  to 
fire  first ;  but  to  fire  when  fired  upon  ;  all  in  strict  obedience  to  the   line  of 
duty  enjoined  on  them  by  the  Continental  Congress,  by  the  votes  of  the 
towns,  and  the  counsels  of  their  leaders.     The  issue  was  made  up  just  then 
and  just  there.     If  you    mean  to  subjugate    and  disarm  this   people,  you 
may  begin  here  and  now.   Of  this  issue,  in  the  language  of  the  common  law, 
they  put  themselves  upon  the  country.     The   British  did   the  like.     The 
trial  of  that  issue,  in  the  presence  of  the  world,  began  with  the  first  volley 
VOL.  XXIX.  33 


378  Mr.  Dana's  Oration  in  Lexington.  [Oct. 

on  Lexington  Green,  ami  lusted  six  years.  The  battle  of  the  19th  April 
began  on  this  spot,  and  ended  at  Chailostown  Neck.  Tlie  war  ol"  the 
devolution  began  at  Lexington, 'and  eTidod  at  Yorktowu. 

Have  I  not  <lemnns(r;itoil  wint  I  nndi-rtook  to  show? — tliat  not  we,  but 
the  Jiritish  king  and  [lailianiont,  were  the  revolutionists,  the  innovators,  the 
radical  subverters  of  institutions;  that  we  were  the  conservators  of  time- 
honored,  df.irly-loved  institutions  of  self-government  and  home  rule  ;  and 
that,  on  that  morniiifj,  on  this  s[)ot,  your  townsmen  were  intcntionallv,  intel- 
ligently, tlie  first  martyrs,  yet  martyrs  in  war  ;  and  that-  on  this   field   war 
began.     "Whenever  the  king's  troo[)s,  to  enforce  the  new  system,   met  the 
j)eople's  troops,  organized  and  armed  to  resist  its  enforcement,  and  fired 
U[>on  them,  each  in  martial  array,  the  war  began.     The  commencement  of  a 
war  is  uniluterah     One  party  can  initiate  it.     It  requires  no  formal   an- 
nouncements or  cercraouios.     Here  both  parties  stood  ready  for  war.     Our 
soldiers  loaded  their  gnns,  by  military  command,  to  fire  if  fired  upon  ;  and 
the  war  began  with  the  volley  and  the  falling  of  the  dead  and  wounded.     It 
may  not  be  of  much  account  in  any  political  or  strategic  sense,  but  it  is  a 
satisfaction  to  our  pride  in  our  ancestors,  to  know,  that  rashly  it  may  be, 
uselessly  perhaps,  but  bravely  beyond  doubt,  the  moment  the  British  fire 
authorized  us  to  use  the  guns  we  had  loaded  for  the  purpose,  and  met  the 
coTid'.t!,"::  :;i  C".pt.  Purler's  ordwr,  ""  uii'coo  liffd  upoji,"  tiie  lire  was  returned 
by  men  still  standing  in  their  line,  in  their  martial  array ;  and  that  the  line 
was  not  abandoned  until  they  were  ordered  to  disperse  by  their  captain,  who 
saw  that  the  regulars  were  hastening  up,  on  both  flanks,  to   surroimd  and 
capture  them ;  and  that,  when  the  survivors  withdrew,  they  took  their  arms 
with  them.     It  is  not  of  much  account,  that  a  regular  of  the  Tenth  Regi- 
ment, and  another,  were  wounded,  and  that  the  horse  of  the  commander  was 
grazed  by  two  balls  ;  but  it  is  a  satisfaction  to  know,  that  here  in  Lexington 
was  not  only  the  first  hostile  volley  fired   by  British  troops  at  provincial 
troops,  but  the  first  shots  fired  back  by  our  troops  at  theirs.     You  recall 
with  pride  too,  that,  iio  sooner  had  the  regulars  resumed  their  march,  than 
your  minute-men  rallied,  took  six  prisoners  who  had  stracrgled  from  the  line; 
joined  in  the  pursuit  of  the  British  from  the  Lincoln  and  Concord  lice  to 
Charlestown  Xeck  ;  and  that  in  that  pursuit  three  more  men  of  Lexington 
laid  down  their  lives,  of  whom  one  had  been  wounded  on  the  green  in   the 
morning.     You  read  with  ever  renewed  satisf-xction,  that  on  the  rolls  of  that 
day  Lexington  stands  first :  ten  of  her  townsmen  killed, — seven  in  the  morn- 
ing on  the  green,  and  three  in  the  afternoon  in  the  pursuit, — and  first  in  the 
list  of  wounded,  nine  ;  nineteen  in  all,  from  your  small  population,  who  suf- 
fered death  or  wounds  in  the  common  cause.     The  pecuniary  loss  of  Lex- 
ington that  day  in  houses  and  other  property  destroyed,  nearly  two  thousand 
pounds  sterling,  bore  a  large  proportion  to  the  whole  property  of  the  town. 
"Well  did  she  redeem  her  modest  promise  to   Boston ;  "  We   trust  in   God. 
.  .  .,  we  shall  be  ready  to  sacrifice  our  estates,  and  every  thins:  dear  in  life 
yea,  and  life  itself,  in  support  of  the  common  cause."     Well  (fid  she  prove 
her  faith  that  '*  he  can  never  die  too  soon  who  lays  down  his  life  in  support 
of  the  laws  and  lil)erties  of  his  country."     Vain  was  the  British  cheer,  and 
their  volley  of  triumph  fired  into  the  air  ;     It  was  the  soldier's  farewell  shot, 
over  the  buried  monarchy  of  Englanil  ! 

The  news  of  Lexington  s[)read  with  a  rapidity  almost  preternatural.  At 
noon  that  day,  a  courier  rode  into  Woro'Ster,  his  jaded  horse  falling:  ex- 
hausted at  the  meeting-house  steps,  and  proclaimed  the  tragedy  at  Lexing- 
ton; and  the  minute-men,  afcer  prayer  from  their  pastor,  set  out  on  their 


1875.]  Mr.  Dana's  Oration  in  Lexiyirjton.  379 

march  for  Cambriilge.  Lincoln,  Concord,  aiul  Acton  heard  the  news  at 
once,  an  hour  or  moie  before  the  regulars  renched  the  centre  of  Concurd ; 
and  when,  some  four  hours  later,  Major  Ikittrick,  and  Capt.  Isaac  Davis  and 
his  men  of  Acton,  leil  the  column  of  attack  upon  tiie  British  outpost  at  the 
bridge  over  Conoortl  liiver,  they  marched  under  a  new  order  of  tilings.  The 
spell  had  been  broken.  "War  was  begun.  There  were  no  questions  left 
then  but  of  strategy,  courage,  and  prudence. 

I  will  not  lead  you  through  the  tamiliar  det:dls  of  the  rest  of  that  day, — 
the  singular  insensibility  <.'f  the  British  commander  to  the  perils  gatliering 
about  liini,  lingering  two  Lours  in  Concord  after  tbe  atlair  at  tlie  North 
Bridge,  thinking,  because  the  main  body  was  not  molested,  and  the  daring 
athiir  at  the  bridge  was  not  followed  up,  nothing  more  would  be  done;  the 
militia  pouring  in  from  all  sides,  showing  themselves  on  the  hills,  and  along 
the  by-roads;  the  British  tire  and  our  reply  near  the  Lincoln  line;  the  in- 
termittent attack  and  defence  of  the  next  two  hours;  the  hurried  march, 
turning  almost  into  ilight,  along  the  highways  ;  the  salvation  of  the  party  h-y 
the  arrival  of  Lord  Percy;  the  violences  and  outrages  by  the  humiliated, 
distracted,  desperate  soldiery ;  the  flank  attacks  of  the  militia  as  they  came 
in  from  more  distant  towns ;  and,  at  last,  the  bare  esca})e  of  the  survivors  of 
the  expedition,  as  they  cros>.ed  the  Neck  at  Charlestown,  at  sunset,  and 
cr:n-.e  und::-  the  protection  of  the  £rc  of  their  batteries  and  ships  of  war. 
Great,  indeed,  was  the  change  between  daybreak  and  sunset  of  that  day. 
At  daybreak,  there  was  a  state  of  legal  peace.  At  sunset,  the  siege  of 
Boston  had  begun.  No  British  soldier  set  foot  beyond  the  two  peninsulas 
after  that  night.  Patriotic  citizens  from  New-Hampshire,  llhode-Island, 
and  Connecticut  were  on  their  march  by  noon  of  the  20th,  One  force  from 
New-Hampshire  marched  tifty-Jive  miles  in  twenty  hours,  and  mustered  on 
Cambridge  Common  at  sunrise  of  the  21st.  Putnam  rode  one  hundred 
miles  in  eighteen  hours,  and  reached  Cambridge  early  on  the  21st.  Green 
from  Ehode-Islaud  was  at  Cambridge,  and  Stark  and  his  force  from  New- 
Hampshire  at  Chelsea,  on  the  22d.  As  the  news  spread  to  the  middle  and 
southern  Colonies,  they  accepted  it  as  war,  and  mustered  in  arms.  But 
these  subsequent  events  are  to  have  their  appropriate  celebrations.  We  will 
not  anticipate  them.  We  are  here  to-day  to  commemorate  tirst  what  was 
dvjne  f  t  Lexington,  and  the  heroic  conduct  of  her  sons.  This  is  due  to  her 
and  tc.  them.  But  we  are  here,  also,  to  remember  the  dead  of  that  day, 
from  other  towns,  who  laid  down  their  lives  in  the  common  cause  ;  the  seven 
killed  of  Danvers,  the  six  of  Cambridge,  the  five  of  Needham,  the  four  of 
Lynn,  the  three  of  Acton,  the  two  each  of  Sudbury,  Woburn,  Medford,  and 
Charlestown,  and  the  one  each  of  Bedford,  "Watertown,  Dedham,  Brookline, 
Salem,  and  Beverly;  and  the  wounded  of  all  those  towns,  and  of  Concord, 
Framinghara,  Stowe,  Billerica,  Newton,  and  Chelmsford.  AVe  are  here  to 
join  heartily  in  sympathy  with  those  thousands  who.  at  this  hour,  are  com- 
memorating at  Concord  the  momentous  work  done  within  her  limits,  the 
second  scene  in  the  drama  of  this  day  so  heroically  enacted  at  the  North 
Bridge.  This  is  the  dawn  of  seven  years  of  centennial  commemorations  all 
over  the  soil  of  the  old  thirteen  States,  to  be  joined  in  by  the  people  of  this 
vast  empire,  of  all  kindreds  and  races  and  tongues,  from  Cauaila  to  Mexico, 
from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific, — a  sight  the  like  of  which  the  world  has 
never  seen ;  and  scarce  a  tongue  in  any  part  of  the  civilized  world  utters  a 
doubt  of  the  justice  of  our  cause. 

Men,  women,  children  of  Lexington,  the  curtain  of  the  great  drama  rose 
here,  to  be  acted  out  to  the  last  scene  at  Yorktown.     It  began  with  the  first 


380  Mr,  Curtis^s  Oration  in  Concord.  [Oct. 

fire  of  British  troop-  in  martial  array  on  American  troops  in  martial  array, 
ami  did  not  end  until  llie  last  Britisli'soldier  left  the  soil  of  the  new  Kopublic, 
and  our  independence  was  recognized.  At  the  close  of  the  last  century,  you 
erPctM  voiir  fivi-f  ?>-!aTinmcnt  on  t'.iis  spot.  Lafayette,  ndio  saw  the  sur- 
render at  Yorktown.  came,  in  Septemher.  lS2-i-,  to  see  the  spot  where  began 
the  contest  in  vihich  ho  took  so  nolile  anil  disinterested  a  part,  and  clasped 
hands  with  fourteen  of  the  surviving  heroes  of  the  day.  In  1805  you  re- 
iuterred  your  horoic  dead  under  ynnr  simple  monument,  consecrated  l>y  the 
eloquence  of  Everett.  In  18o2"'Loui5  Kossuth,  an  exile  from  the  banks  of 
the  Danube,  after  the  disastrous  war  for  the  independence  of  Hungary,  made 
a  pilgrimage  to  this  place,  to  pay  his  devotions  "  to  the  birthplace  of  Ameri- 
can iibertyV'  and  said  of  your  patriot  dead,  in  words  you  must  never  let  die, 
as  true  a3"^they  are  eloquent:  "  It  is  their  sacrificed  blood  in  which  is  written 
the  prefiice  of  your  nation's  history.  Their  death  vras  and  ever  will  be  the 
first  bloody  revelation  of  America's  destiny,  and  Lexington  the  opening 
scene  of  a  revolution  that  is  destined  to  change  the  character  of  human 
governments,  and  the  condition  of  the  human  race." 

God  grant,  that,  if  a  day  of  peril  shall  conie,  the  people  of  this  Republic, 
so  favored,  so  numerous,  so  prosperous,  so  rich,  so  educated,  so  triumphant, 
may  meet  it — and  we  can  ask  no  more — with  as  much  rpf  int'='lligence,  self- 
couuoi,  scii-uc^oLiou.  ana  lortitude  as  did  the  men  of  this  place,  in  their 
fewness,  simplicity,  and  poverty,  one  hundred  years  ago  1 


AN  ORATION'  ON   THE   ONE-HUNDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY 
OF   '-CONCORD   FIGHT,"   APRIL   19,   1775. 

By  Geouge  "William  Clrtis,  LL.D.,  of  New-York. 

'E  are  fortunate  that  we  behold  this  da}\  The  heavens  bend  be- 
nignly over,  the  earth  blossoms  with  renewed  life,  and  our  hearts 
beat  joyfiilly  together  with  one  emotion  of  filial  gratitude  and  patriotic 
exultation.  Citizens  of  a  great,  free,  and  prosperous  country,  we  come 
hitler  to  honor  the  men.  our  fathers,  who  on  this  spot  and  upon  this  day,  a 
hur  Ired  years  ago,  struck  the  first  blow  in  the  contest  which  made  that 
country  independent.  Here  beneath  the  hills  they  trod,  by  the  peacefid 
river  on  whose  shores  they  dwelt,  amidst  the  fields  that  they  sowed  and 
reaped,  proudly  recalling  their  virtue  and  their  valor,  we  come  to  tell  their 
story,  to  try  ourselves  by  their  lofty  standard  to  know  if  we  are  their  worthy 
children ;  and,  standing  reverently  where  they  stood  and  fought  and  died,  to 
swear  before  C4od  and  each  other,  in  the  words  of  him  upon  whom  in  oiir  day 
the  spirit  of  the  revolutionary  fathers  visibly  descended,  that  government 
of  the  people,  by  the  people,  for  the  people,  shall  not  perish  from  the  earth. 
•  This  ancient  town,  with  its  neighbors  who  share  its  glory,  has  never  failed 
fitly  to  commemorate  this  great  day  of  its  history.  Fifty  years  ago,  while 
some  soldiers  of  the  Concord  fight  were  yet  living — twenty-five  years  ago. 
while  still  a  few  venerable  survivors  lingered — with  prayer  and  eloquence 
and  song  you  renewed  the  pious  vow.  But  the  last  living  link  with  the 
Revolution  has  long  lieen  broken.  Great  events  and  a  mightier  struggle  have 
absorbed  our  own  generation.     Yet  we  who  stand  here  to-day  have  a  sym- 

*  Delivered  before  the  to\s'n  authorities  of  Concord,  Mass,,  April  19,  1S75.    Printed  bv 
permission. 


1875.]  Mr.  Curtiss  Oration  in  Concord.  381 

pathy  with  the  men  at  the  old  North  briflge  uhich  tlioso  who  prececled  us 
here  at  earlier  celebrations  could  not  knou'.  AVith  them  war  was  a  liamo 
and  a  tradition.  So  swift  and  vast  had  bet-u  the  ehan^c  and  the  develop- 
ment of  the  country  that  the.  revolntiniuo-y  cl-i^h  of  arms  was  already 
va<nie  und  unreal,  and  Concortl  and  J^'xington  seemed  to  them  almost  as 
renwte  and  historic  as  Arbela  and  Senipach.  AVhon  they  asseml)led  to 
ceh'ltrate  this  day  they  saw  a  little  group  of  tottering  forms,  eyes  from 
which  the  light  was  fading,  arms  nervele.^s  and  withered,  thin  white  hairs 
that  fluttered  in  the  wind — they  saw  a  few  veneralde  relics  of  a  vani.-ihcd 
age,  whose  pride  was  that  before  living  nK.'Uioiy  they  ha<l  been  minute-men 
of  American  Inilei)endence.  But  with  us  how  changed  I  AVar  is  no  longer 
a  tradition  half  romantic  and  obscure.  It  has  ravaged  how  many  of  our 
homos  !  it  has  wrung  how  many  of  the  hearts  before  me  !  North  and  South 
we  know  the  pang.  Our  common  liberty  is  consecrated  by  a  coumiou  sor- 
row. "We  do  not  count  around  us  a  few  feeble  veterans  of  the  contest,  but 
we  are  girt  with  a  cloud  of  witnesses.  We  are  surrounded  every  where  by 
multitudes  in  the  vigor  of  their  prime — behohl  them  here  to-day  sharing  in 
these  pious  and  peaceful  riles,  the  honored  citizens,  legislators,  magistrates 
— yes,  the  Chief  ^Magistrate  of  the  Ke^uiblic — whose  glory  it  is  that  they 
were  miuute-men  of  American  liberty  and  union.  These  men  of  to-<lay 
intor-^-rct  to  in  -v'tli  r:;:3Uv:,::3  cloqu^ix^u  the  mciiaiid  the  timrs  v.  e  cuumiemo- 
rate.  Now,  if  never  before,  we  understand  the  revolution.  Now  we 
know  the  secret  of  those  old  hearts  and  homes.  "We  can  measure  "the 
sacrifice,  the  courage,  the  devotion,  for  we  have  seen  them  all.  Green  hills 
of  Concord,  broad"  tields  of  JNIiddlesex,  that  heard  the  voice  of  Hancock 
and  of  Adams,  yoft  heard  also  the  call  of  Lincoln  and  of  Andrew,  and  jour 
Ladd  and  TVhitney.  your  Prescott  and  Eipley  and  Melvin,  have  revealed  to 
us  more  truly  the  Davis  and  the  Cuttrick,  the  Ilosmer  and  the  Parker,  of 
a  hundred  years  ago. 

The  story  of  this  old  town  is  the  history  of  New-England.  It  shows  us 
the  people  and  the  institutions  that  have  made  the  American  republic. 
Concord  was  the  first  settlement  in  New-England  al*ove  tide-water.  It  was 
planted  directly  from  the  mother  country,  and  was  what  was  called  a  mother 
town,  the  parent  of  other  settlements  throughout  the  wilderness.  It  was  a 
military  jvost  in  King  Philip's  war,  and  two  .bundled  years  ago — just  a  ceu- 
tury  b*jfore  the  minute-men  whom  we  commemorate — the  militia  of 
Middlesex  were  organized  as  minute-men  against  the  Indians.  It  is  a  Con- 
cord tradition  that  in  those  stern  days,  when  the  farmer  tilled  tliese  fields 
at  the  risk  of  his  life,  Mary  Shepard",  a  girl  of  fifteen,  was  watching  on  one  of 
the  hills  for  the  savages,  while  her  brothers  threshed  in  the  barn.  Suddenly 
the  Indians  appeared,  slew  the  brothers,  and  carried  her  away.  In  the 
night,  while  the  savages  slept,  she  untied  a  horse  which  they  had  stolen, 
slipped  a  saddle  from  under  the  head  of  one  of  her  captors,  mounted,  fled, 
swam  the  Na^^hua  river,  and  rode  through  the  forest  home.  3Iary  Shepard 
was  the  true  ancestor  of  the  Concord  matrons  who  share  the  fame  of^  this 
day — of  ]Mrs.  -Tames  Barrett,  of  the  "Widow  Brown,  of  3Irs.  Amos  "Wood, 
and  Hannah  Burns,  with  the  other  faithful  women  whose  self-command  and 
ready  wit  and  energy  on  this  great  morning  show  that  the  motliers  of  New- 
England  were  like  the  fathers7and  that  equally  in  both  their  cliildren  may 
reverence  their  own  best  virtues. 

A  little  later  than  Philip's  war,  one  hundred  and  eighty-six  years  ago 
last  night,  wliile  some  of  tlie  first  settlers  of  Ma-isachusetts  Bay  still  hngert-d, 
when  the  news  came  that  King  James  t'ue  Second  had  been  dethroned,  a 

VOL.  XaIX.  33* 


382  Mr'.  Curtis's  Oration  in  Concord.  [Oct. 

company  marclieil  from  tliis  town  and  joined  that  general  uprising  of  the 
colony  which  the  next  day — this  very  day — with  old  Simon  Bradstroot  at 
its  head,  deposed  Sir  Edmund  Andros,  the  King's  Governor,  and  restored 
1'.':  aucI'.i.L  c'uii..Lr  of  the  ci'louy.  "We  demand  only  tlie  traditional  rights 
of  Englishmen,  said  the  English  nobles,  as  they  seated  William  and  Mary 
upon  the  throiio.  We  a^k  notliing  more,  said  the  freemen  of  Concord,  as 
they  helped  to  dissolve  royal  government  in  America,  and  returned  to  their 
homes.  Eighty-five  years  later  tlio  first  Provincial  Congress,  which  had 
been  called  to  meet  at  Concord  if  for  any  reason  the  General  Court  at  Salem 
were  obstructed,  assembled  in  the  old  meeting-house  on  the  11th  of  October, 
1774,  the  first  independent  Legislature  in  Massachusetts  and  America;  and 
from  that  hour  to  this  the  old  mother  town  has  never  forgotten  the  words 
nor  forsv/oru  the  faith  of  the  revolution  which  had  been  proclaimed  here 
six  weeks  before:  "  Xo  danger  shall  atlVight,  no  ditliculties  intimidate  us; 
and  if  in  support  of  our  rights  we  are  called  to  encounter  even  death,  we 
are  yet  undaunted,  sensible  that  he  can  never  die  too  soon  who  lays  down 
his  life  in  support  of  the  laws  and  liberties  of  his  country." 

But  the  true  glory  of  Conc(jrd,  as  of  all  Xew-E!ngland,  was  the  town- 
meeting,  the  nursery  of  American  Independence.  When  the  revolution 
began,  of  the  eight  millions  of  poople  rhpn  livip'T  in  Olrl  EucrHnd  only  one 
hundred  and  sixty  thousand  were  voters,  while  in  New-England  the  great 
mass  of  free  male  adults  were  electors.  And  they  had  been  so  from  the 
landing  at  Plymouth.  Here  in  the  wilderness  the  settlers  were  forced  to 
govern  themselves.  They  could  not  constantly  refer  and  appeal  to  another 
authority  twenty  miles  away  through  the  woods.  Ev^ry  day  brought  its 
•duty  that  must  be  done  before  sunset.  Roads  must  be  made,  schools  built, 
young  men  trained  to  arms  against  the  savages  and  the  wildcat,  taxes  must 
be  laid  and  collected  for  all  common  purposes,  preaching  must  be  maintain- 
ed, and  who  could  know  the  time,  the  means,  and  the  necessity  so  well  as 
the  community  itself?  Thus  each  town  was  a  little  and  a  perfect  republic, 
as  solitary  and  secluded  iu  the  New-England  wilderness  as  the  Swiss  can- 
tons among  the  Alps.  No  other .  practicable  human  institution  has  been 
devised  or  conceived  to  secure  the  just  ends  of  local  government  so  felici- 
tous as  the  town-meeting.  It  brought  together  the  rich  and  the  poor,  the 
good  and  the  bad,  and  gave  character,  eloquence,  s  id  natural  leadership  full 
and  free  play.  It  enabled  superior  experience  and  sagacity  to  govern,  and 
virtue  and  intelligence  alone  are  rulers  by  divine  right.  The  Tories  called 
the  resolution  for  committees  of  correspondence  the  source  of  the  rebellion  ; 
but  it  was  only  a  correspondence  of  town-meetings.  From  that  corre- 
spondence grew  the  confederation  of  the  colonies.  Out  of  that  arose  the 
closer  majestic  union  of  the  Constitution,  the  greater  phenix  bom  from  the 
ashes  of  the  lesser,  and  the  national  power  and  prosperity  to-day  rest  securely 
only  upon  the  foundarion  of  tiie  priniary  meeting.  That  is  where  the  duty 
of  the  citizens  begins.  Negh-ct  of  tl;at  is  disloyalty  to  liberty.  No  can- 
trivance  will  su[.j)ly  it-s  place,  no  excuse  absolve  the  neglect;  and  the 
American  who  is  gudty  of  that  neglect  is  as  deadly  an  enemy  of  his  country 
as  the  British  soldier  a  century  ago. 

But  here  and  now  1  cannot  speak  of  the  New-England  town-meeting 
without  recalling  its  great  genius,  the  New-Englander  in  whom  the  Revolu- 
tion seemed  to  be  most  fully  emi)odied,  and  the  lofty  prayer  of  whose  life 
was  answered  upon  tliis  sfiot  and  on  this  da_v.  He  was  not  eloquent  like 
Otis,  nor  scholarly  like  <.,»uiury,  nor  all-fiscinating  like  "Warren,  yet  bound 
Jieart  to  heart  with  these  great  men,  hLi  friends,  the  plainest,  simplest,  aus- 


1875.]  Mr,  Curtis's  Oration  in  Concord.  383 

terest  among  them,  he  gathered  all  their  separate  gifts,  and  adding  to  them 
his  o^^n,  fused  the  whole  in  the  glow  of  that  untiring  energy,  that  iint-rrin"- 
perception,  that  sublime  will,  whitMi  moved  before  the  choi^en  people  of  the 
rolon''^s  a  p'^'-r'  of  n]niid  by  day,  of  fire  by  night.  People  of  Massachusett.^, 
your  proud  and  grateful  hearts  outstrip  my  lips  in  pronouncing  the  name  of 
Samuel  Adams.  Elsewhere  to-day,  nearer  the  sjvjt  where  he  stood  with  his 
immortal  friend  Hancock  a  hundred  years  ago  this  morning,  a  son  of  Mas- 
sachusetts who  bears  the  name  of  a  friend  of  Samuel  Adams,  and  who've  own 
career  has  honorably  illustrated  the  fidelity  of  your  State  to  human  liberty, 

will  pay  a  fitting  trilmte  to  the  true  American  triljune  of  tlie  people the 

father  of  the  Revolution,  as  he  was  fondly  called.  Hut  v/e  also  are  his  chil- 
dren and  must  not  omit  our  duty. 

Until  1768  Samuel  Adams  did  not  despair  of  a  peaceful  issue  of  the  rpiar- 
rel  with  Great  Britain.  But  when  in  ]\[ay  of  that  year  the  British  fri<Tate 
Romneij  sailed  into  IJoston  harbor,  and  her  shotted  guns  were  trained  upon 
the  town,  he  saw  that  the  question  was  changed.  From  that  monient  he 
knew  that  America  must  be  free  or  slave,  and  the  unceasini;  efTort  of  his 
life,  by  day  and  night,  with  tongue  and  pen,  was  to  nerve  his  fellow-colonists 
to  strike  when  the  hour  should  come.  On  that  gray  December  eveniu'^  two 
years  later,  when  he  rose  in  the  Old  South,  and  in  a  clear,  calm  voioo°  said, 
'•  'iLis  meeting  can  do  uutiiing  more  to  save  the  countrv,"  and  so  •■'•ave  the 
word  for  the  march  to  the  tea  ships,  he  comprehended  more  clearly,  perhaps, 
than  any  man  in  the  colonies  the  inmiense  and  far-reaching  consequences  of 
his  words.  lie  was  ready  to  throw  the  tea  overboard  because  he  was  ready 
to  throw  overboard  the  King  and  Parliament  of  England. 

During  the  ten  years  from  the  passage  of  the  Stamp  Act  to  the  fii^dit  at 
Lexington  and  Concord,  this  poor  man  in  an  obsciu'e  provincial  town  be- 
yond the  sea  was  engaged  with  the  British  ministry  in  one  of  the  mightiest 
contests  that  history  records.  Not  a  word  in  Parliament  that  he  did  not 
hear,  not  an  act  in  the  cabinet  that  he  did  not  see.  With  brain  and  heart 
and  conscience  all  alive,  he  opposed  every  hostile  Order  in  Council  with  a 
British  precedent,  and  arrayed  against  the  government  of  Great  Britain  the 
battery  of  principles  impregnable  with  the  accumulated  strength  of  centuries 
of  British  conviction.  The  cold  Grenville,  the  brilliant  Townsend,  the  ob- 
sequious North,  the  reckless  Hillsborough,  the  crafty  Dartmouth,  all  the 
ermined  and  coroneted  chiefs  of  the  proudest  aristocracy  in  the  world,  de- 
rided, declaimed,  denounced,  laid  unjust  taxes,  and  se'nt  troops  to  collect 
them;  cheered  loudly  by  a  servile  Parliament,  the  parasite  of  a  headstrontr 
King, — and  the  plain  Boston  Puritan  laid  his  finger  on  the  vital  point  of  the 
tremendous  controversy,  and  held  to  it  inexorably  King,  Lords,  Commons, 
the  people  of  England  and  the  people  of  America.  Entrenched  in  his  own 
honesty,  the  King's  gold  could  not  buy  him.  Enshrined  in  the  love  of  his 
fellovr-citizens,  the  King's  writ  could  not  take  him.  And  when  on  this 
morning  the  King's  troops  marched  to  seize  him,  his  sul)lime  faith  saw  be- 
yond the  clouds  of  the  moment  the  rising  sun  of  the  America  tliat  we  behold, 
and  careless  of  himself,  miudful  only  of  his  country,  he  exultingly  exclaimed, 
"  Oh  !  what  a  glorious  morning  !" 

Yet  this  mau  held  no  olHce  but  that  of  Clerk  of  the  Assembly,  to  which 
he  was  yearly  elected,  and  that  of  constant  Moderator  of  the  to"wn-meetiu<T. 
That  was  liis  miglity  weapon.  The  town-meeting  was  the  alarm-bell  with 
which  he  aroused  the  continent.  It  was  the  rapier  with  which  he  fenced 
with  the  ministry.  Ii  was  the  claymore  with  which  he  smote  their  coun- 
sels.    It  was  the  harp  of  a  thousand  strings  that  he  swept  into  a  burst  of 


384  M?\  Curtis's  Oration  in  Concord.  [Oct. 

passionate  defiance,  or  an  electric  call  to  arms,  or  a  proud  p;ran  of  exnitiii;'' 
triumjdi — dttiaiice,  challonge.  and  exnltallon,  all  liftinij  the  continent  to  in- 
dependence, lli.s  indoniitaMe  will  and  command  of  the  popnlar  confiilence 
played  Boston  against  I/ondun,  the  proviricial  town-uieeting  against  the  roval 
J^irii;iment,  Fanuuii  iiaii  against  St.  Stephen's.  And  as  long  as  the 
American  town-meeting  is  knov/n,  its  great  genius  will  be  revered,  who  with 
the  town-moetiiig  overthrew  an  empire.  So  long  as  Faneuil  Hall  stands, 
Samuel  Adams  will  not  want  his  most  fitting  monument,  and  when  Fanenil 
Hall  falls,  its  name  will  be  found  written  as  with  a  sunbeam  upon  every 
fliithful  American  heart. 

The  tirst  ini[iosing  armed  movement  against  the  colonies  on  the  lOtli  of 
April,  1775,  did  not,  of  course,  take  by  surprise  a  people  so  prepared.  Fur 
ten  years  they  had  seen  the  possibility,  for  five  years  the  proi)ability,  and 
for  at  least  a  year  the  certainty,  of  the  contest.  They  r^uietly  organized, 
■watched,  and  waited.  The  royal  Governor,  Gage,  w  as  a  soldier,  and  he  had 
read  the  signs  of  the  times.  He  had  fought  with  provincial  troops  at  the 
bloody  ambuscade  of  liraddock,  and  he  felt  the  full  force  of  the  mighty  de- 
termination that  exalted  New-England.  He  had  about  four  thousand  etfec- 
tive  troops,  trained  veterans,  with  brilliant  officers,  who  despised  and  ridiculed 
the  Yankee  militia.  JIassachu.setts  had  provided  for  a  Constitutional  army 
of  fif^pr>n  thoiicinrl  p'on,  ?.I'.i:uto  compaiiies  uere  c\ery  where  organized, 
and  military  supplies  were  deposited  at  convenient  towns.  Every  body  was 
on  the  alert.  Couriers  vrere  held  ready  to  alarm  the  country  should  the 
.British  march,  and  wagons  to  remove  the  stores.  In  the  early  spring  Gage 
sent  out  some  of  his  othcers  as  spie^,  and  two  of  them  came  in  disguise  as 
far  as  Concord.  On  the  22d  of  March  the  Provincial  Congress  met  in 
this  town,  and  made  the  last  arrangements  for  a  possible  battle,  begging  the 
militia  and  rainute-men  to  be  ready,  but  to  act  only  on  the  defensive. 

As  the  spring  advanced  it  was  plain  that  some  movement  would  be  made, 
and  on  Monday,  the  17th  of  April,  the  Committee  of  Safety  ordered  part  of 
the  stores  deposited  here  to  be  removed  to  Sudbury  and  Groton,  and  the 
cannon  to  be  secreted.  On  Tuesday,  the  18th,  Gage,  who  had  decided  to 
send  a  force  to  Concord  to  destroy  the  stores,  picketed  the  roads  from  Boston 
into  Middlesex  to  prevent  any  report  of  the  intended  march  from  spreading 
into  the  country.  But  the  very  air  was  electric.  In  thi  tension  of  the  popular 
mind  every  sound  and  sight  was  significant.  It  was  part  of  Gage's  plan  to 
seize  Hancock  and  Adams,  who  were  at  Lexington,  and  on  the  evening  of 
the  18th  the  Committee  of  Safety  at  Cambridge  sent  them  word  to  beware, 
for  suspicious  otlicers  were  abroad.  A  British  grenadier  in  full  uniform  went 
into  a  shop  in  Boston.  He  might  as  well  have  proclaimed  that  an  ex])edi- 
tion  was  on  foot.  In  the  afternovjn  one  of  the  Ggvernor's  grooms  strolled 
into  a  stable  where  John  Ballard  was  cleaning  a  horse.  John  Ballard  was 
a  Son  of  Liberty;  and  when  the  groom  idly  remarked,  in  nervous  English, 
that  '"there  would  be  hell  to  pay  to-morrow,"  .John's  heart  leaped  and  his 
hand  shook,  and  asking  the  groom  to  finish  cleaning  the  horse,  he  ran  to  a 
friend,  who  carried  the  news  straight  to  Paul  Revere,  who  told  him  he  had 
already  heard  it  from  two  other  persons. 

That  evening,  at  ten  o'clock,  eight  hundred  British  troops,  under  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel Smith,  took  boat  at  the  foot  of  the  Common  and  crossed  to 
the  Cambridge  shore.  Gage  thought  that  his  secret  had  been  kept,  but 
Lord  Percy,  who  had  lieard  the  people  say  on  the  Common  that  the  troops 
would  miss  tiieir  aim.  uudeceived  him.  Gage  instantly  ordered  thut  no  one 
should  leave  the  town.     But  Dr.  "Warren  was  before  him,  and  as  the  troops 


1875.]  Mr.  Curtis's  Oration  in  Concord.  385 

crossed  the  river,  WnUara  Dawes,  with  a  messace  from  Warren  to  Hancock 
aad  Adams,  was  ridinij  over  the  Neck  to  Koxbury,  and  Paul  Ecvore  was 
rowing  over  the  river  farther  down  to  Charlestown,  having  agreed  with  his 
fri'.-.n,l  Pnnorf  NoTvnv'n  to  =how  I'lntr-nn  ^or^  thn  h-^lfVy  of  the  Old  North 
Church — 

"  One,  if  by  land,  and  two,  if  by  sea  " — 

as  a  signal  of  the  march  of  the  British.  Already  the  moon  was  rising,  and 
while  the  troops  were  stealthily  landing  at  Lechmere  I'oint,  their  secret  was 
flashed  out  into  the  April  night,  and  Paul  Revere,  spiringing  into  the  saddle 
upon  the  Charlestowu  shore,  spurred  away  into  Middlesex. 

"  How. far  that  little  candle  throws  his  beams  !  " 

The  modest  spire  yet  stands,  reverend  relic  of  the  old  town  of  Boston,  of 
those  brave  men  and  of  their  deeds.  Startling  the  land  that  night  with  the 
warning  of  danger,  let  it  remind  the  land  forever  of  the  patriotism  with 
which  that  danger  was  averted,  and  for  our  children  as  for  our  fathers  still 
stand  secure,  the  pharos  of  American  liberty. 

It  was  a  brilliant  April  niglit.  The  winter  had  been  unusually  mild,  and 
the  spring  very  forward.  The  hills  were  already  green.  The  early  grain 
waved  in  the  tields,  and  the  air  was  sweet  with  blossoming  orchards.  Al- 
ready tht!  room  wnistiea,  tiie  bluebird  sang.  a>Kl  the  benediction  of  peace 
rested  upon  the  landscape.  Under  the  cloudless  moon  the  soldiers  silently 
marched,  and  Paul  Revere  swiftly  rode,  galloping  through  Medford  and 
"West  Cambridge,  rousing  every  house  as  he  went,  spurring  for  Lexington 
and  Hancock  and  Adams,  and  evading  the  British  patrols  who  had  been  sent 
out  to  stop  the  news.  Stop  the  news  !  Already  the  village  churches  were 
beginning  to  ring  the  alarm,  as  the  pulpits  beneath  them  had  been  ringing 
for  many  a  year.  In  the  awakening  ftonses  lights  flashed  from  window  to 
window.  Drums  beat  faintly  far  away  and  on  every  side.  Signal-guns 
flashed  and  echoed.  The  watch-dogs  barked,  the  cocks  crew.  Stop  the 
news !  Stop  the  sunrise !  The  murmuring  night  trembled  with  the  sum- 
mons so  earnestly  expected,  so  dreaded,  so  desired.  And  as  long  ago  the 
voice  rang  out  at  midnight  along  the  Syrian  shore,  wailing  that  great  Pan 
was  dead,  but  in  the  same  moment  the  choiring  angels  whispered,  "  Glory 
to  God  in  the  highest,  for  Christ  is  born,"  so,  if  the  stern  alarm  of  that  April  . 
night  seemed  to  many  a  wistful  and  loyal  heart  to  portend  the  passing  glory 
of  British  dominion  and  the  tragical  chance  of  war,  it  whispered  to  them 
with  prophetic  inspiration,  "  Good-will  to  men :  America  is  l)orn  !" 

There  is  a  tradit'on  that  long  before  the  troops  reached  Lexington  an 
unknown  horseman  thundered  at  the  door  of  Captain  Joseph  Bobbins,  in 
Acton,  waking  every  man  and  woman  and  the  babe  in  the  cradle,  shouting 
that  the  regulars  were  marching  to  Concord,  and  that  the  rendezvous  was 
the  old  North  Bridge.  Captain  Robbins's  son,  a  boy  of  ten  years,  heard  the 
summons  in  the  garret  where  he  lay,  and  in  a  few  minutes  was  on  his 
fother's  old  mare,  a  young  Paul  Revere,  galloping  along  the  road  to  rouse 
Captain  Isaac  Davis,  who  commanded  the  minute-men  of  Acton.  He  was 
a  young  man  of  thirty,  a  gunsmith  by  trade,  brave  and  thougiitful.  and  ten- 
derly fond  of  his  wife  and  four  children.  The  company  a5>embled  at  his 
shop,  formed,  and  marched  a  little  way,  when  he  halted  them  and  returned 
for  a  moment  to  his  house.  He  said  to  his  wife,  ''Take  good  care  of  the 
children,"  kissed  her,  turned  to  his  men,  gave  the  order  to  march  and  saw 
his  home  no  more.  Such  was  tlie  history  of  that  niglit  in  how  many 
homes  !     The  hearts  of  those  men  and  women  of  Middlesex  might  break, 


386  Mr.  Curfi/s  Oration  in  Concord.  [Oct. 

but  they  coulcl  not  waver.  They  had  counted  the  cost.  They  knew  wliat 
and  nbom  they  served  ;  and  a.s  the  midnight  summons  came  they  started  up 
and  answered,  ''  Hore  am  1 1 " 

Mpnnwh'1^  fhr^  r»rif?^?\  hr'.vonet-;,  gh'i?tcnin_:5  in  the  moon,  moved  steadily 
along  the  road.  Colonel  Smitli  h*:ard  and  saw  that  the  country  was  aroused, 
and  sent  back  to  I'oston  for  roinforeemcnts,  orderin;^'  Major  Pitcairu  with 
six  companies  to  hasten  forward  and  seize  the  bridges  at  Concord.  Paul 
Revere  and  Dawes  had  reaohi^d  Lexington  by  niiduight,  and  had  given  the 
alarm.  The  men  of  Lexington  instantly  mustered  on  the  green,  but  as 
there  was  no  sign  of  the  enemy,  they  were  dismissed  to  await  his  coming. 
Pie  was  close  at  hand.  Pitcairn  swiftly  advanced,  seizing  every  man  ujion 
the  road,  an<I  was  not  discovered  until  half-past  four  ia  the  morning,  withio 
a  mile  or  two  of  Lexington  meeting-house.  Then  there  was  a  general  alarm. 
The  bell  i-ang.  drums  beat,  guns  tired,  and  sixty  or  seventy  of  the  Lexington 
militia  were  drawn  up  in  line  upon  the  green,  Captain  Jolm  Parker  at  their 
head.  The  British  bayonets,  glistening  in  the  dawn,  moved  ra])idly  toward 
them.  Pitcairn  rode  up,  and  angrily  ordered  the  militia  to  surrender  and 
disperse.  P>ut  they  held  their  ground.  The  troops  tired  over  their  heads. 
Still  the  militia  stand.  Then  a  deadly  volley  blazed  from  the  British  line, 
and  eight  of  the  Americans  fell  dead  and  ten  woTinded  at  the  doors  of  tlieir 
LiiiiCo  Uu«I  lu.  olglib  ui  iiiuir  kimired.  Captain  Parker,  seeing  that  it  was 
massacre,  not  battle,  ordered  his  men  to  disperse.  They  obeyed,  some  tir- 
ing upon  the  enemy.  The  British  troops,  who  had  suffered  little,  with  a 
loud  huzza  of  victory  pu.->!ied  on  toward  Concord,  six  miles  beyond. 

Four  hours  before,  Paul  Revere  and  William  Dawes  had  left  Lexington 
to  rouse  Concord,  and  were  soon  overtaken  by  Dr.  Samuel  Prescott,  of  that 
town,  who  had  been  to  Lexin^'ton  upon  a  tender  errand.  A  British  patrol 
captured  Revere  and  Dawes,  but  Pres^tt  leaped  a  stone  wall  and  da.-hed 
on  to  Concord.  Between  one  and  two  o'clock  in  the  morning  Amos  Melvin, 
the  sentinel  at  the  court-house,  rang  the  bell  and  roused  the  town.  He 
sprang  of  heroic  stock.  One  of  his  family  thirty  j-ears  before  had  com- 
manded a  company  at  Louisburg  and  another  at  Crown  Point,  while  four 
brothers  of  the  same  family  served  in  the  late  war,  and  the  honored  names 
of  the  three  who  perished  are  car\-ed  upon  your  soldiers'  monument.  "When 
the  bell  rang,  the  tirst  man  that  appeared  was  William  Emerson,  the  minis- 
ter, mth  his  gun  in  his  hand.  It  was  his  faith  that  the  scholar  should  be 
the  minute-man  of  liberty,  a  faith  which  his  descendants  have  piously 
cherished  and  illustrated  before  the  world.  The  minute-men  gathered 
hastily  upon  the  Common.  The  citizens,  hurrying  from  their  homes,  secreted 
the  military  stores.  Messengers  were  sent  to  the  neighboring  villages,  and 
the  peaceful  town  preparcl  for  battle.  The  minute-men  of  Lincoln,  whose 
captain  was  William  Smith  and  whose  lieutenant  was  Samuel  Hoar,  a  name 
not  unknown  in  iliddlesex,  in  Massachusetts,  and  in  the  country,  and  wher- 
ever known  still  hontjred  for  the  noblest  qualities  of  the  men  of  the  Ilevolu- 
tion,  had  jonied  the  Concord  militia  and  minute-men,  and  part  of  them  had 
marched  down  the  Lexington  road  to  reconnoitre.  Seeing  the  British,  they 
fell  back  toward  the  hill  over  the  road  at  the  entrance  of  the  village,  upon 
which  stood  the  liberty-pole. 

It  was  now  seven  o'clock.  There  were  perhaps  two  hundred  men  in  arms 
upon  the  hill.  Below  them,  upon  the  Lexington  road,  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
away,  rose  a  thick  cloud  of  dust,  fnm  which,  amidst  proudly  rolling  drums, 
ei<jht  hundred  Britidi  bayonets  tl.oshed  in  the  morning  sun.  The  Americans 
saw  that  battle  where  they  stood  would  be  mere  butchery,  and  they  fell 


1875.]  Mr.  Curtiss  Oration  in  Concord.  387 

f^radivilly  back  to  a  rising  ground  about  a  mile  north  of  the  meeting-house, 
the  spoi  upon  which  we  are  now  assenibleil.  The  I'ritish  troops  divided  as 
they  entered  the  town,  tiie  intantry  coming  over  the  hill  from  which  the 
Americans  had  retired,  the  marines  and  grunivHers  marching  by  the  liigh- 
road.  The  place  was  well  known  to  the  liritish  ollicers  through  their  spies, 
and  Colonel  Smith,  halting  before  the  court-house,  instantly  sent  detach- 
ments to  hold  the  two  bridge.^,  and  oihers  to  destroy  the  stores,  liut  so 
carefidly  liad  these  been  secreted  that  during  the  two  or  three  hours  iu 
which  they  were  engaged  in  the  work  the  liritish  merely  broke  open  about 
siMty  barrels  of  Hour,  half  of  which  was  afterward  saved,  knocked  oil'  the 
trunnions  of  three  cannon,  burned  sixteen  new  carriage  wheels  and  some 
barrels  of  wooden  spoons  and  trenchers;  they  throw  some  five  hundred 
pounds  of  balls  into  the  pond  and  wells,  cut  down  the  liberty-pole,  and  fired 
the  court-house. 

The  work  was  hurriedly  done,  for  Colonel  Smith,  a  veteran  soldier, 
knew  his  peril.  He  had  advanced  twenty  miles  into  a  country  of  intdligeut 
and  resolute  men,  who  were  rising  around  him.  All  Middlesex  was  mov- 
ing. From  Acton  and  Lincoln,  from  AVestford,  Littleton,  and  Chelmsford, 
from  Bedford  and  Billerica,  from  Stow,  Sudbury  iind  Carlise,  the  sons  of 
Indian  fighters  and  of  soldiers  of  the  old  Freuch  war  poured  along  the 
rooriq.  ciionMnviMo-  fire-loclcs  and  fov.'Iing-pieces  and  old  king's  arms  that 
had  seen  famous  service  when  the  earlier  settlers  liad  gone  out  against  King 
Philip,  or  the  latter  colonists  had  marched  under  the  Hag  on  which  George 
Vrhitclieid  had  written,  '"  Xil  dcsperandum  Crista  Dace  " — Never  despair 
while  Christ  is  Captain;  and  those  words  the  children  of  the  Puritans 
had  written  on  their  hearts.  As  the  minute-men  from  the  other  towns 
arrived  they  joined  the  force  upon  the  rising  ground  near  the  North  Bridge, 
where  they  were  drawn  into  line  by.  Joseph  Ilosmer,  of  Concord,  who  acted 
as  adjutant.  By  nine  o'clock  some  five  hundred  men  were  assembled,  and 
n  consultation  of  officers  and  chief  citizens  was  held.  That  group  of  Mid- 
dlesex farmers,  here  upon  Punkatasset,  without  thought  that  they  were 
heroes,  or  that  the  day  and  its  deeds  were  to  be  so  momentous,  is  a  group 
as  memoraV)le  as  the  men  of  Riitli  on  the  Swiss  Alps,  or  the  barons  iu  the 
meadow  of  Runnymede.  They  confronted  the  mightiest  empire  in  the 
world,  invincible  on  land,  supreme  on  the  sea,  wl  ose  guns  had  just  been 
heard  in  four  continents  at  once,  girdling  the  globe  with  victory.  And 
that  empire  was  their  mother-land,  in  whose  renown  they  had  shared, — 
the  land  dear  to  their  hearts  by  a  thousand  ties  of  love,  pride  and  rever- 
ence. They  took  a  sublime  and  awful  responsibility.  They  could  not 
know  that  the  other  colonies,  or  even  their  neighbors  of  Massachusetts, 
would  justify  their  action.  There  was  as  yet  no  declaration  of  independence, 
no  Continental  army.  There  was,  indeed,  a  general  feeling  that  a  blow 
would  soon  be  struck,  but  to  mistake  the  time,  the  place,  the  way,  might  be 
to  sacrilice  the  great  cause  itself,  and  to  ruin  America.  But  their  con- 
science and  their  judgment  assured  them  that  the  hour  had  come.  Before 
them  lay  their  homes^  and  on  the  hill  beyond,  the  grave-yard  in  which  their 
forefatiiers  slept.  A  guard  of  the  King's  troops  opposed  their  entrance  to 
their  own  village.  Those  troops  were  at  that  moment  searching  their 
homes,  perhaps  insulting  their  wives  and  children.  Already  they  saw  the 
smoke  as  of  burnim::  houses  risiui:  in  the  air,  and  they  resolved  to  march 
into  the  town  and  to  fire  upon  the  troops  if  they  were  opposed,  ihey  re- 
solved upon  organized,  a2:gressive,  forcible  resistance  to  the  military  power 
of  Great  Britain,  the  tir^-t  that  had  been  ottered  iu   the  colonies.     AU  un- 


388  Air.  Curtis's  Oration  in  Concord.  [Oct. 

consciously  cveiy  heart  beat  time  to  tbe  music  of  tlie  slave's  epitaph  iu  the 
grave-yard  that  overhung  the  town  : 

"  God  wills  UP  free  ;   man  willH  us  elaves  : 
I  will  as  God  wills  :    God's  will  be  dune." 

Isaac  Duvis,  of  Acton,  drew  his  sword,  turned  toward  his  company,  and 
said,  '•  J  haven't  a  man  that's  afraid  to  go."  Colonel  Piarrett,  of  Concord, 
gave  tlie  order  to  march.  In  double  tile  and  with  trailed  arms  the  men 
moved  along  the  causeway,  the  Arton  com[)any  iu  front,  Major  John  But- 
trick,  of  Concord,  Captain  Isaac  Dtivis,  of  Acton,  and  Lieutenant-Colonel 
John  Robensnn.  of  Wcstford,  leading  tlie  way.  As  they  approached  the 
bridge  the  Ilritish  forces  witlidrew  across  it  and  began  to  take  up  planks. 
Major  Luttrick  ordered  his  men  to  hasten  their  march.  As  thoy  came 
within  ten  or  fifteen  rods  of  the  bridge  a  shot  was  fired  by  the  British  which 
wounded  Jonas  Brown,  one  of  the  Concord  miuute-men,and  Luther  Blanch- 
ard,  fifer  of  the  Acton  company.  A  British  volley  followed,  and  Isaac 
Davis,  of  Acton,  making  a  way  for  his  countrymen  like  Arnold  von  "Wink- 
elried  at  Sempach,  fell  dead,  shot  through  the  heart.  By  his  side  fell  his 
friend  and  neiglibor,  Abner  Ilosraer,  a  youth  of  twenty-two.  Seeing  them 
fall,  Major  Buttrick  turned  to  his  men,  and  raiding  his  hand,  cried,  '•  Fire, 
follovv--soldiers  !  for  God's  sake,  fire  !"  John  Buttrick  gave  the  word.  The 
crv  rancr  alon?  the  Vwo.  TJ--""  .\meiicaus  Hred.  The  Revoludon  began  ! 
It  began  here.  Let  us  put  off  the  shoes  from  off  our  feet,  for  the  place 
whereon  we  stand  is  h'dy  ground. 

One  of  the  British  ^/as  killed,  several  were  wounded,  and  they  retreated 
in  confusion  toward  the  centre  of  the  village.  The  engagement  was  doubt- 
less seen  by  Smith  and  Pitcairn  from  tlie  grave-yard  hill  that  overlooked 
the  town,  and  the  shots  were  heard  by  all  the  searching  parlies,  which  im- 
mediately returned  in  haste  and  disorder.  Colonel  Smith  instantly  pre- 
pared to  rt  tire,  and  at  noon,  one  hundred  years  ago  at  this  hour,  the  J'ritish 
columns  marched  out  of  yonder  square.  Then  and  there  began  the  retreat 
of  British  power  from  tlie  American  colonies.  Through  seven  weary  and 
wasting  years  it  continued.  From  Bunker  Hill  to  Long  Island  ;  from 
Princeton,  Trenton,  and  Saratoga ;  from  Rrandywine,  Monmouth,  and 
King's  Mountain ;  through  the  bloody  snow  at  Valley  Forge,  through  the 
Atreachery  of  Arnold  and  of  Lee,  through  cabals  and  doubt,  and  poverty 
and  despair;  but  steadily  urged  by  one  great  heart  that  strengthened  the 
continent, — the  heart  of  George  Washington, — the  British  retreat  went  on 
from  Concord  Bridge  and  Lexington  Green  to  the  plains  of  Yorktown  and 
the  King's  acknowledgnsent  of  American  Independence. 

Of  the  beginning  of  this  retreat,  of  that  terrible  march  of  the  exhausted 
troops  from  this  square  to  Boston,  I  have  no  time  fitly  to  tell  the  talc. 
Almost  as  soon  as  it  began  all  INIassaehusetts  was  in  motion.  William 
Prescott  mustered  his  regiment  of  minute-men  at  Pepperell,  and  Timothy 
Pickerin;:  at  Salem  and  3Iarblehead.  Dedhani  left  no  man  behind  between 
the  ages  of  sixteen  and  seventy.  The  minute-men  of  Worcester  marched 
out  of  the  town  one  way  as  the  news  went  out  the  other,  and,  flying  over 
the  mountains,  sent  Berksliire  to  Bunker  Hill.  Meanwhile  the  men  of 
Concord  and  the  neighborliood,  following  the  British  over  the  bridge,  ran 
along  the  heiglits  above  the  Lexington  road  and  posted  themselves  to  await 
the  enemy.  The  returning  British  column,  with  wide-sweeping  flankers, 
advanced  steadily  and  slowly.  No  drum  beat,  no  fife  blew.  There  was 
the  huihed  silence  of  intense  expectation.  As  the  troops  passed  Merriam's 
Corner,  a  little  beyond  Concord,  the  tiank  guard  was  called  in,  and  they 


1875.]  Mr.  Curtis  s  Oration  in  Concord.  389 

turncfl  suddenly  and  fired  ii[)on  tlie  Americans.  The  niinutc-mcn  and  mili- 
tia iiistautlv  returned  the  tire,  and  the  battle  br-iran  that  hi'^ti^d  until  suiisot. 

"When  Colonel  Smith  ordered  the  retreat,  although  he  and  his  ofiieers 
may  have  had  some  mis'jivin^^,  th»iy  had  probably  lost  them  in  the  contempt 
ui  rt'guiarb  lor  tiie  uuixiia.  i>ut  irom  tiie  moment  of  the  tiring  at  INIerriam's 
Corner  they  were  undeceived.  The  landscape  was  alive  with  armed  men. 
They  swaimed  through  every  wood  patli  and  by-way,  acros-s  the  parstures, 
and  over  the  hills.  Some  came  up  in  order  along  the  roads,  as  from  head- 
ing and  Billerica.  from  East  Sudbury  and  Jiedford,  and  John  Parker's  com- 
pany from  Lexington  waited  iu  a  woody  deiile  to  avenge  the  death  of  their 
comrades.  The  British  column  marched  steadily  on.  while  from  trees,  rocks, 
and  fences,  from  houses,  barns  and  sheds  blazed  the  withering  American 
fire.  The  hills  echoed  and  tiashed.  The  woods  rang.  The  road  became 
an  endless  ambuscade  of  Hame.  The  Americans  seemed  to  the  appalled 
British  troops  to  drop  from  the  clouds,  to  spring  from  earth.  With  every 
step  the  attack  was  dendlier,  the  danger  more  in:iminent.  For  some  time 
discipline  and  the  plain  extremity  of  the  peril  sustained  the  order  of  the 
British  line.  But  the  stilling  clouds  of  dust,  the  consuming  thirst,  the  ex- 
hatislion  of  utter  fatigue,  the  wagons  full  of  wounded  men  moaning  and 
dying,  madly  pressing  through  the  ranks  to  the  front,  the  constant  falling  of 
their  cnmrpfles.  ot'^cer-  captured  r^-d  l-illod,  r.nd  t;irough  all  the  fatal  and 
incessant  shot  of  an  imseen  foe,  smote  with  terror  that  haughty  column, 
which,  shrinking,  bleeding,  wavering,  reeled  through  Lexington  panic- 
stricken  and  broken.  The  otTicers,  seeing  the  dire  extremity,  fought  their 
way  to  the  front  and  threatened  the  men  with  death  if  they  advanced.  The 
breaking  line  recoiled  a  little,  and  even  steadied  under  one  of  the  sharpest 
attacks  of  the  day.  For  not  as  yet  were  Hessians  hired  to  enslave  Ameri- 
cans, and  it  was  English  blood  and  pluck  on  both  sides.  At  two  o'clock  in 
the  afternoon,  a  half  mile  beyond  Lexington  meeting  house,  just  as  the 
English  officers  saw  that  destruction  or  surrender  was  the  only  alternative. 
Lord  Percy  with  a  reinforcement  of  twelve  liundred  men  came  up,  and  open- 
ing with  two  cannons  upon  the  Americans,  succored  his  flying  and  desper- 
ate comrades,  who  fell  upon  the  ground  among  Percy's  troops,  their  parched 
tongues  hanging  from  their  mouths. 

Th(i  flower  of  General  Gage's  army  was  now  upon  the  field,  but  its  com- 
mand t  saw  at  once  that  its  sole  hope  of  safety  was  to  continue  the  retreat. 
After  half  an  hour's  delay  the  march  was  resumed,  and  with  it  the  barbari- 
ties as  well  as  the  siitTerings  of  war.  Lord  Percy  threw  out  flanking  par- 
ties, which  entered  the  houses  upon  the  line  of  march,  plundering  and 
burning.  The  fields  of  Menotcmy  or  Arlington,  through  which  lay  the 
road,  became  a  plain  of  blood  and  fire.  But  the  American  pursuit  was 
relentless,  and  beyond  Lexington  the  lower  counties  and  towns  came  Inirry- 
'iii]l,  to  the  battle.  Many  a  man  afterward  famous  was  conspicuous  that 
day,  and  near  "West  Cambridge  Josejfh  "Warren  was  the  inspiring  sotd  of 
the  struggle.  It  was  now  past  five  o'clock.  The  British  ammunition  was 
giving  out.  The  officers,  too  much  exposed  in  the  saddle,  alighted  and 
marched  with  the  men,  who,  as  they  approached  Charlestown,  encoimtered 
the  hottest  fire  of  the  day.  General  Gage  had  learned  the  perilous  extre- 
mity of  his  army  from  a  messenger  sent  by  Percy,  and  had  issued  a  pro- 
clamation threatentng  to  lay  Charlestown  in  ashes  if  the  troops  were  at- 
tacked in  the  streets.  The  town  hummed  with  the  vague  and  appalhno- 
rumors  of  the  evcuts  of  the  day,  and  just  before  sunset  the  excited  inhabi- 
tants heard  the  distant  ,iixms,  and  soon  saw  the  British  trooi^s  running  alon^z 

VOL.  xxix.  i34 


390  Mr.  Curtis's  Oration  in  Concord.  [Oct. 

the  old  Cambridge  road  to  Charlestown  Neck,  firing  as  they  came.  Tht;y 
had  jast  escaped  rhe  militia,  seven  hundred  stronfj,  from  Salem  and  ^Marlde- 
head — the  flower  of  Essex — and  a3  the  sim  was  settiiip;  they  enttirud  CLarlcs- 
towD,  and  eninfMl  the  •slicltor  of  their  frigate  guns.  Theu  General  Heath 
ordeiod  the  American  pnrsuit  to  stop,  and  the  hattle  was  over.  But  all 
that  day  ami  night  the  news  was  Hying  from  mouth  to  mouth,  from  heart 
to  heart,  rousing  every  city,  town,  and  solitary  farm  iu  the  colonies;  and 
before  the  last  shot  of  the  miuuto-meu  on  t'le  British  retreat  from  Concord 
Bridge  was  tired,  or  the  last  wounded  grenadier  had  been  rowed  across  the 
river,  the  whole  country  was  rising ;  Massachusetts,  New-England,  Ameri- 
ca, were  closing  around  the  city,  and  the  siege  of  Boston  and  tlie  war  of 
American  Independence  had  begun. 

Such  was  the  opening  battle  of  the  Revolution — a  conflict  which,  so  far 
as  we  can  see,  saved  civil  liberty  in  two  hemispheres,  saved  England  as 
well  as  America,  and  whose  magnificent  resi,dts  shine  through  the  world 
as  the  beacon  light  of  free  popular  government.  And  who  won  this  vic- 
tory? The  minute-men  and  militia,  who  in  the  history  of  our  English  race 
have  been  always  the  van-guard  of  freeilom.  The  minute-man  of  the 
American  Revolution, — who  was  he  ?  He  was  the  husband  and  father 
who,  bred  to  love  liberty,  and  to  know  that  lawful  liberty  is  the  sole  gua- 
?-i?'.tcc  cf  i;L..uo  ULid  prugieb&,  ietc  the  plow  in  tlie  furrow  and  the  hammer  on 
the  bench,  and  kissing  wife  and  children,  marched  to  die  or  to  be  free.  He 
was  the  son  and  lover,  the  plain  shy  youth  of  the  singing-school  and  the 
village'  choir,  whose  heart  beat  to  arms  for  his  country,  and  who  felt,  though 
he  could  not  say,  with  the  old  English  Cavalier : 

"  I  could  not  love  thee,  deare,  so  much, 
L<jve(l  I  not  honor  more." 

The  minute-man  of  tlie  Revolution  !  He  was  the  old,  the  middle-aged, 
and  the  young.  He  was  Captain  Miles,  of  Concord,  who  said  that  he  went 
to  battle  as  he  went  to  church.  '  He  was  Captain  Davis,  of  Acton,  who 
reproved  his  men  for  jesting  on  the  march.  He  was  Deacon  Josiah  Haynes, 
of  Sudbury,  eighty  years  old,  wlio  marched  with  his  company  to  the  South 
Bridge  at  Concord,  then  joined  in  the  hot  pursuit  to  Lexington,  and  fell  as 
gloriously  as  "Warren  at  Bunker  Hill.  He  was.Jcimes  Hayward,  of  Acton, 
twenty -two  years  old,  foremost  in  that  deadly  race  from  Concord  to  Charles- 
to\\'n,  who  raised  his  piece  at  the  same  moment  with  a  British  soldier,  each 
exclaiming,  "  You  are  a  dead  man  ! "  The  Briton  dropped,  shot  through 
the  heart.  James  Hayward  fell  mortally  wounded.  '•  Father,"  he  said,  "  I 
started  with  forty  balls ;  I  have  three  left.  I  never  did  such  a  day's  work 
before.  Tell  mother  not  to  mourn  too  much ;  and  tell  her  whom  I  love 
more  than  my  mother  that  I  am  not  sorry  I  turned  out." 

This  was  the  minute-man  of  the  Revolution,  the  rural  citizen  trained  in 
the  common  r.chool,  the  «:hurch,  and  the  town-meeting,  who  carried  a  bay- 
onet that  thought,  and  whose  gun,  loaded  with  a  principle,  brought  down 
not  a  man,  but  a  system.  Him  we  gratefully  recall  to-day, — him,  iu  yon 
manly  figure  wrought  in  rhe  metal  which  but  feebly  typifies  his  inexorable 
will,  we  commit  in  his  immortal  youth  to  the  reverence  of  our  children. 
And  here  among  these  peaceful  fields ;  here  in  the  county  whose  children 
first  gave  their  blood  for  American  union  and  independence,  and  eighty-six 
years  later  gav  e  it  first  also  for  a  truer  union  and  a  larger  liberty ;  here  in 
the  heart  of  ^liddlesex.  County  of  Lexington  and  Concord  and  Bunker  Hill, 
stand  fast,  Sou   of   Liberty  !    as  the  minute-man   stood  at  the  old  Nqrth 


1875.]  21r.  Curtis's  Oration  iyi  Concord.  391 

Bridge.  But  should  we  or  our  do^cendauts,  false  to  liberty,  false  to  jintice 
and  humanity,  betray  in  any  avuv  their  cause, — spring  into  life  as  a  hun- 
dred vearf?  ago,  take  one  more  step,  descend,  and  luad  us,  as  God  led  yuu, 
in  saving  America,  to  save  the  hopes  of  man. 

At  iliC  i.iui  oi'  a  cciiiui)/  we  can  see  the  work  of  this  da}'  as  our  fathers 
could  not ;  we  can  see  that  then  the  final  movement  began  of  a  process  long 
and  unconsciously  preparing,  which  was  to  intrust  Lil)erty  to  new  furnisand 
institutions  that  seemed  full  of  happy  promise  for  mankind.  And  now  for 
nearly  a  century  what  was  formerly  called  the  experiment  of  a  representa- 
tive republic  of  imperial  extent  and  power  has  been  tried,  lias  it  fulfilletl 
the  hopes  of  its  founders  and  tiie  just  expectations  of  mankind?  1  liave  al- 
ready srlanoed  at  its  early  and  fortunate  conditions,  and  we  know  how  vast 
and  splendid  were  its  early  growtiiand  develojimcnt.  Our  material  statis- 
tics soon  dazzletl  the  world.  Euroj^e  no  longer  sneered  l)ut  gazed  in  wonder, 
waiting  and  watching.  Our  population  douliled  every  fifteen  years,  and  our 
wealth  every  ten  years.  Every  little  stream  among  the  hills  turned  a  mill  ; 
and  the  great  inland  seas,  bound  by  the  genius  of  Clinton  to  the  ocenn,  be- 
came the  highway  of  boundless  conuuerce,  the  path  of  unprecedented  empire. 
Our  forms  were  the  granary  of  other  lands.  Our  cotton  fields  made  England 
rich.  Still  we  chased  the  whale  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  took  fish  in  the 
tumbling  seas  of  Labrador.  We  bung  out  friendly  lights  along  thousands 
of  miles  of  coast  to  tempt  the  trade  of  every  clime;  and  wherever,  on  the 
din\  rim  o^  the  globe  tliere  was  a  harbor,  it  was  white  with  American  sails. 
Meauv-hile  at  home  the  political  foreboding  of  Federalism  had  died  away, 
and  its  very  wail  seemed  a  tribute  to  the  pacific  glories  of  the  land. 

"  The  ornament  of  beauty  is  Suspect, 
A  crow  that  flies  in  heaven's  sweetest  air." 

The  government  was  felt  to  be  but  a  hand  of  protection  and  blessing ;  labor 
was  fully  employed;  capital  was  secure;  the  army  was  a  jest;  enterprise 
was  pushing  through  the  xVlleghanies,  grasping  and  settling  the  El  Dorado 
of  the  prairies,  aiid  still  braving  the  wilderness,  reached  out  towaril  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  and  reversing  the  voyages  of  Columbus,  rediscovered  the 
Old  "World  from  the  New.  America  was  the  Benjamin  of  nations,  the  best- 
beloved  of  Heaven,  and  the  starry  flag  of  the  United  States  flashed  a  line  of  ce- 
lestial light  around  the  world,  the  harbinger  of  freedom,  peace,  and  prosperity. 
Such  was  the  vision  and  the  exulting  faith  of  fifty  years  ago.  ''  Atlantis 
hath  risen  from  the  ocean  ! "  cried  Edward  Everett  to  applauding  Harvard  ; 
and  Daniel  "Webster  answered  from  Bunker  Hill,  "If  we  fail,'popular  's^ox- 
ernm.t-nts  are  impossible."  So  for  as  they  could  see,  they  stood  among  the 
unchanged  conditions  of  the  early  republic.  And  those  conditions  artj  ta- 
miliar.  The  men  who  founded  the  republic  were  few  in  number,  planted 
chiefly  along  a  temperate  coast,  remote  from  the  world.  They  were  a  homo- 
geneous people,  increasing  by  their  own  multiphcation,  speaking  the  same 
language,  of  the  same  general  religious  faith,  cherishing  the  same  historic 
and  political  traditions,  universally  educated,  hardy,  thrifty,  with  general 
equality  of  fortune,  and  long  and  intelligent  practice  of  self-government, 
while  the  slavfry  that  existed  among  them,  inhuman  in  itself,  was  not 
seriously  defended,  and  was  believed  to  be  disappearing.  But  within  the 
last  half  century  causes  then  latent,  or  wholly  incalculable  before,  have 
radically  changed  those  conditions,  and  we  enter  upon  the  second  century  of 
the  republic  with  responsibilities  which  neither  our  fathers  nor  the  men  of 
fifty  years  ago  could  possibly  foresee. 


392  J//'.  Ct'.rtiis  Oration  in  Concord.  [Oct. 

Thiiik,  for  inst.iJicc,  of  tlie  cliangc  wrought  i)y  foreign  immigration,  with 
all  its  injcessnry  cousfqiieiice.  In  the  vStute  of  ]\ru-..s;ichii.setts  to-(l;iy  the 
numbtjr  of  citizens  of  foreign  birth  who  have  uo  traditional  assooiatifni  with 
the  ^■torv  of  ('onronl  nii<l  T.t.'xiii'jtoii  i>  Invger  than  the  entire  i)0[>jhition  of 
the  State  on  the  day  of  battle.  The  tlrst  iifly  years  after  the  battle  i>roiight 
to  the  whole  country  fewer  imnugraiits  tliau  aru  now  liviui;^  in  IMassachusetts 
alone.  At  the  end  of  that  half  century,  when  Mr.  Everett  stcod  here,  less 
than  three  hundred  thousand  foreign  immigrants  had  come  to  this  country, 
but  in  the  fifty  years  that  have  since  elapsed  that  immigration  has  been  more 
than  nine  millions  of  person?.  The  aggregate  po[)Ulation  in  the  lust  fifty 
years  has  advanced  somewhat  more  than  threefold,  the  foreign  innniL'ration 
more  than  thirtyfold,  so  that  now  immigrants  and  the  chihlreu  of  immigrants 
are  a  quarter  of  the  whole  poj)u!utlon.  This  enormous  intinx  of  strangers 
has  added  an  immense  ignnrauee  and  entire  unfamiliarity  with  repuljlicau 
ideas  and  habits  ro  the  voting  class.  It  has  brought  other  political  tradi- 
tions, other  languages,  and  other  religious  faiths.  It  has  introduced  powerful 
and  organized  intiuences  not  friendly  to  the  republican  princi[)le  of  freedom 
of  thougiit  and  action.  It  is  to  the  change  produced  by  immigration  that 
■we  owe  the  first  serious  questioning  of  the  public-school  system,  which  was 

the  nursery  of  the  early  repul/ac,  and  which  is  to-day  the  palladium  of  free 

,.  -^.. .  ■>    .  , 

Do  not  misunderstand  me.  I  am  not  lamenting  even  in  thought  the 
boundless  hospitality  of  America.  I  do  not  forget  that  the  whole  European 
race  came  hither  but  yesterday,  and  has  been  domesticated  here  not  yet 
three  hundred  years.  I  am  not  insensible  of  the  proud  claim  of  America  to 
be  the  refuge  of  the  oppressed  of  every  clime,  nor  do  I  doubt  in  her  maturity 
her  power,  if  duly  directed,  to  a.-similate  whole  nations,  if  need  be,  as  in  her 
infancy  she  achieved  her  independence,  and  in  her  prime  maintained  her 
unity.  But  if  she  has  been  tlie  hope  of  the  world,  and  is  so  still,  it  is  be- 
cause she  has  undei'stood  both  the  conditions  and  the  perils  of  freedom,  and 
watches  curefully  the  clianging  conditions  under  which  republican  liberty  is 
to  be  maint^xinetl.  She  will  still  welcome  to  her  ample  bosom  all  who  choose 
to  be  called  her  children.  But  if  she  is  to  remain  the  mother  of  liberty,  it 
■will  not  be  the  result  of  those  craven  counsels  wliose  type  is  the  ostrich 
bur-ing  his  head  in  the  sand,  but  of  that  wise  and  heroic  statesmanship 
whose  symbol  is  her  own  heaven-soaring  eagle,  gazing  undazzled  even  at  the 
spots  upon  the  sun. 

Again,  witlnn  the  century  steara  has  enorm.ously  expanded  the  national 
domain,  and  every  added  mile  is  an  added  strain  to  our  system.  The  mar- 
vellous ea>e  of  C(jm:nunication  both  by  rail  and  telegraph  tends  to  obliterate 
conservative  local  lines  and  to  make  a  fatal  centralization  more  possible. 
The  telegraph,  which  instantly  eclioes  the  central  command  at  the  remotest 
point,  becomes  both  a  facility  and  a  tenqitation  to  exercise  command,  while 
below  upon  tlie  rail  the  armed  blow  suiftly  follows  the  word  that  flies  along 
the  wire.  Steam  concentrates  po]iulation  in  cities.  But  when  the  govern- 
ment was  formed  the  people  were  strictly  rural,  and  there  were  but  six  cities 
■with  eight  thousand  inhabitants  or  more.  lu  1790  only  one-thirtieth  of  the 
population  lived  in  cities,  in  1*570  more  than  one-fifth.  Steam  destroys  the 
natural  ditficulties  of  communication  ;  but  those  very  dilliculties  are  barriers 
against  invasion,  and  protect  the  independence  of  each  little  com.munity, 
the  true  foundation  of  our  free  republican  system.  In  >»'ew-Eng]and  the 
characteristic  vilhiire  and  local  lite  of  the  last  century  perishes  in  the  age  of 
steam.     Meanwhile  the  enormous  accumulation  of  capital  engaged  in  great 


1875.]  3//*.  Curtis's  Oration  in  Concord.  393 

enterprises,  with  unscruimlous  greed  of  power,  constantly  teiifls  to  make  it- 
self felt  in  coniiptioa  of  the  press  which  moulds  [)ulilic  opinion,  and  of  the 
Legislature  which  makes  the  laws.  Thus  steam  and  the  teh\i;Ta])h  tend  to 
the  concentration  of  capital  and  the  CDiiAoliilation  of  political  power,  a  ten- 
ueucy  V, IulIi  iL.^..u..o  ilhcity,  aii>l  which  wua  wliolly  unknown  when  the 
republio  began,  and  was  unsuspected  tifty  years  ago.  Sweet  Liberty  is  a 
mountain  nymph,  because  mountains  bahle  the  pursuer.  IJut  the  inventions 
that  level  mountains  and  annihilate  space  alarm  that  gracious  spirit,  who 
sees  her  greater  insecurity,  l>ut  stay,  heaven-eyed  maid,  and  stay  .forever  ! 
Behold,  our  devoted  wills  shall  be  thy  invincible  Alps,  our  loyal  hearts  thy 
secret  bower,  the  spirit  of  our  fathers  a  clift'  of  adamant  that  engineering 
skill  can  never  pierce  nor  any  foe  can  scale  ! 

But  the  most  formidable  problem  for  popular  government  which  the  open- 
ing of  our  second  century  presents  springs  from  a  source  which  was  un- 
suspected a  hundred  years  ago,  and  which  the  orators  of  fifty  years  since 
forbore  to  name.  This  was  the  system  of  slave  labor,  which  vanished  in 
civil  war.  But  slavery  had  not  been  the  fatal  evil  that  it  was,  if  with  its 
abolition  its  consequences  had  disapT>eared.  It  liolds  us  still  in  mortmain. 
Its  dead  hand  is  strong,  as  its  living  power  was  ti-rrible.  Emancipation  has 
left  the  republic  exposed  to  a  nev/  and  extraordin.ary  trial  of  the  principles 
and  rtractices  of  free  trovernment.  A  civilization  restin<:  upon  slavery,  as 
formerly  in  part  of  the  country,  however  polished  and  ornate,  is  necessarily 
ftristocnitic  and  hostile  to  republican  equality,  while  the  exigencies  of  such 
a  society  forbid  that  universal  education  which  is  indispensable  to  wise 
popular  government.  When  war  emancipates  the  slaves  and  makes  them 
equal  citizens,  the  ignorance  and  venality  which  are  the  fatal  legacies  of 
slavery  to  the  subject  class,  whether  white  or  black,  and  the  natural  aliena- 
tion of  the  master  class,  which  alone  has  political  knowledge  and  experience, 
with  all  the  secret  conspiracies,  the  reckless  corruption,  the  political  knavery, 
springing  naturally  from  such  a  situation,  and  ending  often  in  menacing  dis- 
order that  seems  to  invite  the  military  interference  and  supervision  of  the 
government — all  this  accumulation  of  difficulty  and  danger  lays  a  strain 
along  the  very  fibre  of  free  institutions.  For  it  suggests  the  twofold  question 
whether  the  vast  addition  of  the  ignorance  of  the  emancipated  vote  to  that 
of  the  immigrant  vote  may  not  overwhelm  the  intelligent  vote  of  the  country, 
and  whether  the  constant  appeal  to  the  central  I  and  of  i)Ower,  however 
necessary  it  may  seem,  and  for  whatever  reason  of  humanity  an<l  justice  it 
may  be  urged,  must  not  necessarily  destroy  that  local  self-reliance  which  was 
the  very  seed  of  the  American  republic,  and  fatally  familiarize  the  country 
with  that  employment  of  military  pov/er  which  is  inconsistent  with  free  in- 
stitutions, and  lx)ld  resistance  to  which  has  forever  consecrated  the  spot  on 
■which  we  stand. 

These  are  some  of  the  more  obvious  changes  in  the  conchtions  under 
which  the  republic  is  to  be  maintained.  I  mention  them  merely  ;  but  every 
wise  patriot  sees  and  ponders  them.  Does  he  therefore  de>iH)nd?  Heaven 
forbid !  '^\  hen  was  there  ever  an  auspicious  day  for  humanity  that  was  not 
one  of  doubt  and  of  conflict  ?  The  robust  moral  manhood  of  Americxi  con- 
fronts the  future  with  steadfast  faith  and  indomitable  will,  raising  the  old 
battle-cry  of  the  race  for  larger  liberty  and  surer  law.  It  sees  clouds,  in- 
deed, as  Sam  Adams  saw  them  when  this  day  dawned.  But  with  him  it 
sees  through  and  through  them,  and  with  him  thanks  God  for  the  glorious 
morning.  There  is,  iusleed,  a  fasluon  of  scepticism  of  American  principles 
even  among  some  Americans,  but  it  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  worst  fixshions 

VOL.  XXIX.  34:* 


394  Jfr.  Curtis's  Oration  in  Concord.  [Oct. 

iu  our  history.  There  is  a  flesiionflency  which  foudly  fancies  that  in  its 
begiiniirig  the  American  republic  moved  proudly  toward  the  future  with  iil) 
the  splendid  assurance  of  the  Persian  Xerxes  descending  on  the  shores  of 
Greece,  but  that  it  sits  to-day  among  shattered  hopes,  like  Xerxes  above  his 
iLipa  ill  Salarais.  And  when  was  this  golden  age  ?  Was  it  when  John 
Adaras  appealed  from  tlie  baseness  of  his  own  time  to  the  greater  caudor 
and  {  atriotism  of  this?  Was  it  when  Fisher  Ames  mourned  over  lost 
America,  like  Kachr-1  for  her  children,  and  would  not  be  comforted?  "Was 
it  vvhen  "William  Wirt  said  that  he  sought  in  vain  for  a  man  fit  for  the  Pre- 
sidency or  for  great  responsibility?  Was  it  when  Chancellor  Livingston 
saw  only  a  threatenhig  future,  because  Congress  was  so  feeble  ?  Was  it 
when  we  ourselves  saw  the  industry,  the  commerce,  the  society,  the  church, 
the  courts,  the  statesmanship,  the  conscience,  of  America  seemingly  prostrate 
under  the  foot  of  slavery  ?  Was  this  the  golden  age  of  these  sentimental 
sighs,  tills  the  region  behind  the  north  wind  of  these  rei)roachful  regrets  ? 
And  is  it  the  young  nation  which  with  prayer  and  faith,  with  untiring  devo- 
tion and  nucouqucruble  will,  has  lifted  its  bruised  and  broken  body  from 
beneath  that  crushing  heel,  whose  future  is  distrusted? 

Nay,  this  very  SLXi>ticism  is  one  of  the  foes  that  we  must  meet  and  con- 
quer. Kemeraber,  fellow-citizens,  that  the  impulse  of  republican  government, 
given  a  century  '^go  at  tao  old  Xurth  iiridge,  has  shaken  every  government 
iu  the  world,  but  has  been  itself  wholly  unshaken  by  them.  It  has  made 
monarchy  impossilile  in  France.  It  has  treed  the  Russian  serfs.  It  has 
united  Germany  against  ecclesiastical  despotism.  It  has  flashed  into  the 
night  of  Spain.  It  has  emancipated  Italy,  and  discrowned  the  Pope  as  king. 
In  England,  repealing  the  disabilities  of  Catholic  and  Hebrew,  it  forecasts 
the  separation  of  church  and  state,  and  step  by  step  transforms  monarchy 
into  another  form  of  republic.  And  here  at  home  how  glorious  its  story! 
In  a  tremenilous  war  between  men  of  the  same  blood — men  who  recognize 
and  respect  each  other's  valor — we  have  proved  what  was  always  doubted, 
the  prodigious  power,  endurance,  and  resources  of  a  republic,  and  in  eman- 
cipating an  eighth  of  the  population  we  have  at  last  gained  the  fi.dl  oppor- 
tunity of  the  republican  principle.  Sir,  it  is  the  signal  felicity  of  this 
occasion  that  on  the  one  hundreth  anniversary  of  the  tirst  battle  in  the  war 
of  American  Independence,  I  may  salute  you,  who  led  to  victory  the  citizen 
soli  iers  of  American  liberty,  as  the  first  elected  President  of  the  free  re- 
public of  the  United  States.  Fortunate  man  !  to  whom  God  has  given  the 
priceless  boon  of  associating  your  name  with  that  triumph  of  freedom  which 
will  presently  bind  the  East  and  the  West,  the  North  and  the  South,  in  a 
closer  and  more  perfect  union  for  the  establishment  of  justice  and  the  security 
of  the  blessings  of  liberty  than  these  States  have  ever  known. 

Fellow-citizens,  that  uiuou  is  the  lofty  task  which  this  hallowed  day  and 
this  sacred  spot  impose  upon  us.  And  what  cloud  of  doubt  so  dark  hangs 
over  us  as  that  which  lowered  above  the  colonies  when  the  troops  of  the 
King  marched  into  this  tov/n,  and  the  men  of  Middlesex  resolved  to  pass 
the  bridge  ?  Witli  their  faith  and  their  will  we  shall  win  their  victory. 
No  royal  Governor.  in<!eed.  sits  iu  yon  stately  capital,  no  hostile  fleet  for 
many  a  year  has  vexed  the  waters  of  our  coasts,  nor  is  anv  army  but  our 
own  ever  likely  to  tread  our  soil.  Not  such  are  our  enemies  to-day.  They 
do  not  come  proudly  stepping  to  the  drum-beat,  with  bayonets  flashinar  in 
the  morning  sun.  But  wherever  party  spirit  shall  strain  the  ancient  txua- 
rantees  of  freedom,  or  bigotry  and  ignorance  .^hall  lay  their  fatal  liauds  upon 
education,  or  the  arrogance  of  caste  shall  strike  at  equal  rights,  or  corrup- 


1875.]  Mr.  Devenss  Oration  in  Charlestorcn.  ■    395 

tioii  sball  poison  the  very  springs  of  national  life,  there,  minute-men  of 
liberty,  are  your  Lexington  Green  and  C.'oneonl  J'.ri'!-(-',  and  as  you  love 
your  country  and  your  kind,  and  would  have  yuur  cliiidrc-u-  rise  up  and  call 
yoM  M.-^^:nf1,  ^pnrr.  r-of  (J-o  "p.on'iy  !  ()\  OY  the" hills,  out  of  the  earth,  down 
from  the  clouds,  |)Our  iu  resistless  might.  Fire  from  every  rock  and  tree, 
from  door  and  window,  from  hfarth-stone  and  chamber  ;  liaTig  upon  his 
Hank  and  rear  from  noon  to  sunset,  and  so  through  a  laJid  bTazing  with 
holy  indignation  hurl  the  hordes  of  ignorance  and  corruption  and  injustice 
back,  back,  in  utter  defeat  and  ruin. 


I 


AX   ORATION^    OX  THE   OXE  IIUXDRETII   AXXIVERSAUY 
OF  THE  BATTLE  OF  LUXKER  HILL,  JLXE  17,  177J. 

By  the  Hon.  Charles  Devexs,  Jr.,  of  \Voicc?tcr. 

X  pious  and  patriotic  commemoration  of  the  great  deed  which  one  hun- 
__  d red  years  ago  was  done  on  this  inuuortal  field;  in  deep  thankfulucoS 
for  the  blessings  which  have  been  showered  upon  us  as  a  people  with  so 
lavish  a  hand ;  iu  the  earnest  hope  that  the  liberty,  guarded  and  sustained 
uv  Luu  suueuuMs  of  law,  which  the  valor  of  our  fathers  won  for  us,  and 
which  we  hold  to-day  in  solemn  trust,  may  be  transmitted  to  endless  gene- 
rations,—we  have  gathered  to-day  iu  this  countless  throng,  represeuiing  in 
its  assemblage  every  jiortion  of  our  common  country. 

A  welcome,  cordial,  generous,  and  heartfelt,  to  each  and  all ! 

"VVelconie  to  the  sons  of  Xew-Englaud,  and  their  descendants,  no  matter 
where  their  homes  may  be  !  They  stand  upon  the  soil  made  sacred  now 
and  forever  by  the  blood  of  their  fathers.  Among  them  we  recognize  with 
peculiar  pleasure  and  satisfaction  those  allied  bv  family  ties  to  the  great 
leaders  of  the  day,  to  Prescott,  J\itnam,  or  Warren,  to  Stark,  Knowlton, 
or  Pomeroy,  and  equally  those  in  whose  ^eins  flows  the  kindred  blood  of  any 
of  the  brave  men  who  stood  together  in  the  battle  line. 

Insignificant  as  the  conflict  seems  to  us  now  in  regard  to  the  numbers 
engaged,  unimportant  as  it  was  then  so  far  as  results"  purely  military  and 
strategical  were  concerned,  the  valor  and  patrioti  ;m  here  exh'ibited,  the  time 
when  and  the  opportunity  on  which  they  were  thus  displayed,  have  justly 
caused  it  to  be  ranked  among  the  decisive  battles  of  the  world. 

"Welcome  to  the  citizens  of  every  State,  alike  from  those  which  represent 
the  thirteen  Colonies,  and  from  the  younger  States  of  the  Union!  We 
thank  them  all,  whether  they  come  from  tlie  great  Middle  States  which 
bind  us  together,  from  the  "West,  or  from  the  South,  for  the  pilgrimage 
they  have  made  hither  in  generous  appreciation  of  the  great  step  that  was 
taken  here  upon  the  jagged  and  thorny  path  on  which  we  were  compelled 
to  walk  in  our  journey  toward  independence.  Fought  although  this  battle 
was  by  the  men  of  the  Colonies  of  Xew-f:ng]and,  "they  did  not  stand  for 
themselves  alone,  but  that  there  might  be  founded  a  structure  imperishable 
as  any  that  man  can  rear  in  a  free  and  united  government.  The  corner- 
stone of  the  edifice  they  laid  was  for  all  the  colonies  that  were,  all  the  States 
that  are,  all  the  States  that  are  yet  to  be. 

Welcome  to  the  Vice-President  of  the  United  States,  the  Justices  of  its 
Supreme  Court,  and  the  General  commanding  its  armies !     They  represent 

'  Delivered  beforc_ the  Ennkcr  Hill  Mnnnracni  Association,  and  the  Citr  Authorities  of 
iioston,  June  1/,  18(0.    Printed  by  permission. 


396  3Ir.  Devcnss  Oration  in  Charlestoicn.  [Oct. 

to  U9  the  government  wliioh  was  the  result  of  the  Revolution.  In  1775 
Massachusetts  was  the  most  populous  hut  one  or  perhaps  f.vo  of  tlic  colo- 
nics, and  by  the  unity  of  her  pcoph)  the  most  powerful  and  warlike  of  any. 
She  has  seen,  notwithstaiidiiiix  lier  own  vast  increase  in  population  aiKl 
wealth,  althouL'h  a  "-rent  State  has  sinfc  been  taken  from  what,  wore  then 
her  borders,  lier  rehuive  position  clian^e ;  but  she  has  seen  with  admiration 
and  not  with  euvy,  with  pride  and  satisfaefion  and  not  with  mean  jealou-y, 
the  growth  of  States  broader,  rieher,  and  fairer  than  she  can  hope  to  be. 
Whatever  changes  may  have  come,  her  spirit  has  not  changed,  her  voice 
has  not  altered.  Then  singled  out  from  the  colonies  to  be  first  subdued  and 
punished,  as  she  lifted  her  head  in  stern  defence  of  her  ancient  liberty,  in 
proud  defiance  of  those  who  would  oppress  her,  demanding  lier  own  great 
right  of  local  self-government,  she  called  upon  her  sister  colonies  for  a  union 
that  should  secure  and  maintain  the  rights  of  all ;  so  to-day  she  demands 
for  all  others  every  right  which  she  asks  for  herself,  and  she  calls  upon  all 
for  that  cordial  and  generous  obedience  which  she  is  ready  to  render  to  the 
Constitution  which  has  united  them  forever. 

It  was  to  be  expected  as  the  controversy  between  Great  Britain  and  her 
colonies  moved  on  from  the  pro[)Oscd  passage  of  the  Stamp  Act  in  17f;4, 
and  as  its  inevitable  tendency  developed,  that  its  weight  should  be  thrown 
in  the  first  instance  upon  iS'ew-England  and  her  chief  town  and  colony. 
The  colciiici  ul;l\.icd  iu  some  important  respects  in  the  manner  in  which 
they  had  been  settled  and  in  the  character  of  their  peoiile.  To  some  there 
was  nothing  distastefid  in  a  monarchical  government  as  sucli,  if  it  had  been 
wisely  and  liberally  administered;  but  New-England  remembered  alwavs 
the  race  from  which  she  sprung,  and  why  her  fathers  had  crossed  the  se'a. 
Others  had  come  from  a  love  of  adveuture,/rom  the  hope  of  wealth,  from  a 
desire  to  test  the  fortunes  of  a  new  world  ;  but  for  none  of  these  thinas  had 
her  founders  left  the  pleasant  fields  and  loved  homes  of  their  native"  land, 
and  the  unquenchable  love  of  liberty  which  animated  them  lived  still  in  the 
bosoms  of  their  descendants.  Nor  was  her  stern  religious  faith  averse  to  the 
assertion  by  force  of  what  she  deemed  her  liberties.  In  Parliament,  the 
spirit  that  prevailed  at  the  time  of  the  accession  of  George  III.  was  ditVerent 
from  that  ardent  zeal  for  constitutional  freedom  which  had  resulted  in  the 
dethronement  of  James  II.;  but  New-England  miderstood  her  rij;hts.  and 
was  prompt  to  maintain  them  always  in  the  spirit  of  the  English  Coramon- 
we^dth.  "  In  what  book,"  said  one  to  Selden,  "do  you  find  the  authority 
to  resist  tyranny  by  force  ?  "  and  the  great  lawyer  of  that  day  answered. 
"  It  is  the  custom  of  England,  and  the  custom  of  Enf^land  is  the  law  of  the 
land." 

It  was  not  the  right  to  tax  without  representation  merelv  :  it  was  the 
claim,  necessarily  involved  in  such  a  right,  to  govern  in  a  difterent  manner, 
and  through  oiiiclals  appointed  by  the  British  Crown  that  astonished  the 
colonies,  and  united  all  at  first  in  remonstrance  and  afterward  in  determined 
resistance.  Her  own  character  and  the  circumstances  of  her  situation  had 
placed  Massachusetts  in  the  van  of  this  confiict.  and  had  caused  her,  when 
the  policy  of  coercion  was  finally  resolved  on,  to  be  dealt  with  bv  a  sv.^tem 
of  legislation  unprecedented  in  the  method  usually  adopted  bv' Britain  in 
governing  her  colonies.  It  was  indunriously  circulated  in  Parliament  that 
she  woidd  not  be  sustained  by  the  others  in  the  resolute  attitude  which  she 
had  assumed  ;  and  upon  her  were  rained  in  rapid  succession  the  statutes 
known  by  the  popular  names  of  the  Boston  Port  Bill,  the  Re'^ulatin'-'  Act, 
the  Enforcij^.g  Act,  which  were  intended  to  reduce  her  chief  town,  the  most 


1875.]  Mr.  Devens's  Oration  in  Charkstoiun.  397 

important  in  North  America,  to  beggary,  which  abrogated  the  provisions  of 
her  charter,  and  took  from  the  pcophi  the  appointiaont  of  their  judges, 
sherill's,  and  chief  otiioers,  '.vhich  furbade  the  town-m.jetings,  whose  sinrit 
\u^\  \  .••:..  too  !.o^1  ;.i.'!  ;u::ohite  to  be  pleasant,  which  denit'd  to  h«;r  citizens 
in  niaiiv  cases  the  trial  by  jnry,  and  permitted  thorn  tu  be  transjiorted  to 
En'daiid  or  other  colonies  for  trial:  a  system  wl.'ieh,  if  it  could  have  been 
enforced,  would  have  reduced  her  inhabitants  to  political  servitude.  Sus- 
tained by  her  own  daring  spirit,  and  by  the  generuus  encouragement  of  her 
sister  colonies,  she  had  resisted;  and  the  ten  months  that  had  i)reeedt,'J 
Lexington  and  Concord  had  been  practically  those  of  war,  although  blows 
had  not  been  struck,  and  blood  had  not  been  shed.  ]n  the  S[)eech  of  Mr. 
Burke,  delivered  March,  1775,  upon  conciliation  with  America,  memorable 
not  so  much  for  its  splendid  eloquence  (although  it  is  among  the  master- 
pieces of  the  English  language)  as  for  its  generous  statesmanship,  he  de- 
scribes Massachusetts,  the  utter  failure  of  the  attempt  to  reduce  her  either 
to  submission  or  an:irchy,  and  her  preservation  of  order  even  while  she  re- 
jected the  authority  of  the  Governor  and  ju'lges  appointed  by  the  British 
Crown.  He  closes  by  saying,  "  How  long  it  will  continue  in  this  state,  or  what 
may  comeout  of  this  unheard-of  situation,  how  can  the  wisest  of  us  conjecture?  " 

Obviously  no  such  condition  of  things  could  endure ;  and,  before  his 
v,-oriis  could  cross  the  Atlantic,  the  question  that  he  asked  had  heeu  an- 
swered by  the  appeal  to  arms.  The  hoof  beats  of  Paul  lievere's  horse  along 
the  Lexington  road  had  annoimced,  as  the  yeomanry  of  ^Middlesex,  Essex, 
and  Worcester  sprang  to  arms  to  meet  the  movement  of  the  British  on  the 
evening  of  April  IS,  from  Boston,  that  the  lidl  was  over,  and  that  the  storm 
had  come  in  all  its  majesty. 

The  day  that  followed  had  changed  the  relation  of  the  contending  parties 
forever ;  but  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill  is  also  one  of  the  definite  steps 
which  mark  the  progress  of  the  American  Revolution.  It  was  not  the  re- 
sistance only  of  those  who  will  not  submit  to  be  oppressed,  it  was  the  result 
of  a  cbstinctly  aggressive  movement  on  the  part  of  those  who  claim  the  right 
to  levy  and  maintain  armies  ;  nor  can  I  better  discharge  the  duty  wdiich  has 
fallen  on  me,  by  the  deeply  regretted  absence  of  the  distinguished  scholar 
and  orator'  who  it  was  hoped  would  have  addressed  you,  than  by  recalling 
its  events.  Even  if  to  some  extent  I  shall  seem  to  t-espass  ui)on  the  domain 
of  the  historian  or  the  annalist,  the  deeds  of  brave  men  are  their  true 
eulogy  ;  and  from  a  calm  contemjdation  of  them  we  may  draw  an  inspira- 
tion and  encouragement  greater  than  could  be  derived  from  labored  argu- 
ment or  carefully  studied  retlection. 

Lexington  and  Concord  had  been  immediately  followed  by  the  gathering 
of  the  militia  of  New-England  for  the  siege  of  Boston,  where  Gage,  now 
reinforced  by  Clinton,  was  compelled  to  rest,  sheltered  by  the  cannon  of  the 
ships  of  war,  in  command  of  the  garrison  of  a  beleaguered  town.  The  force 
by  which  he  was  thus  surrounded  was  an  irregular  one,  sprung  from  the 
ardor  and  enthusiasm  of  the  people,  which  far  exceeded  the  means  in  their 
power ;  nor  had  it  any  distinctly  recognized  commander ;  for  while  a  pre- 
cedence was  accorded  to  General  Ward,  on  account  of  his  seniority,  and 
because  more  than  t^o-thirds  of  those  assembled  were  Massachusetts  men, 
as  no  colony  could  claim  authority  over  another,  it  was  an  army  of  allies, 
the  troops  of  each  colony  being  commanded  by  its  own  oliicers,  while  all  the 
general  officers  formed  a  council  of  war. 

»  The  Hon.  Robert  C.  Winthrop. 


398  JUr.  Devens's  Oration  in  Charlestoicn.  [Oct. 

The  occupation  of  Bunker  Hill  was  resolve.!  on  at  the  su^aestion  of  the 
Lomioittce  of  Safety  of  ]\rassacluisctts,  nmac  ^vith  a  knouK-iVe  that  GoiktuI 
Cjrage  was  about  to  take  possession  of  the  hiMi^hts  of  Dorchester ;  and  on 
the  evening  of  the  1  Gth  of  June  the  force  destined  for  this  formi-Iahle  movo- 
ncnt  as;cmbl..d  ujjuu  the  Common  at  Cambridi^e.  It  consisted  of  some 
seven  or  ej^^ht  hundred  men,  drawn  from  the  renmiont?  of  Pre<cott.  rr\e 
and  ^nd.rre,  and  some  two  hundred  men  of  Connecticut,  from  tlie  rcduu-nt 
ot  ■t'utnam  under  Captain  Thomas  Knowlton,  the  whole  under  the  com- 
mand of  Colonel  ^Mlliam  lV>scott.  As  they  formed  for  their  marrh, 
i^angdon,  the  President  of  Harvard  College,  came'from  his  stud  v,and  imidored 
tlie  bJessmg  of  God. upon  their  then  unknown  and  dangerons'expedition. 

So  always   may  the  voice  of  this  great  institution"  of  learniurr.  wliieh 
among  their  earliest  acts  and  in  their  day  of  weakness,  our  fathers  dedicated 
to  the  cause  of  souixl  learning,  seem   to   be  uidifted  in  solemn  invocation 
above  their  sons  in  every  struggle,  whether  in  the   forum  or   the  field,  for 
progress,  for  liberty,  and  for  the  riglits  of  man  !     From  her  halls,  then  con- 
verted into  i.arracks,  had  come   forth  the  men  who,  within  the   thirty-live 
years  that  had  preceded,  had  more  largely  than  anv  others  controllrd  and 
conducted  the  great  debate  Ijetw.een  Eudand  and  her  colonies,  which,  be- 
ginning distinctly  in  17G1  by  the  proposed  passage  of  the  Stamp  Act,  was 
now  to  be  settled  by  th-^   arbitrament  uf  arms,      in    1740   had   <-raduated 
toamuel  Adams,  and  in  his  thesis  for  the  Master's  degree  had  n^iintuiued 
the  proposition  which  was  the  foundation  of  the   Revolution,   that  it  was 
lawful  to  resist  the  supreme  magistrate,  if  the   commouwealth   could  not 
otherwise  be  preserved.     He  had  been  followed,  among  others  hardly  le^s 
distinguished,  by   James  Otis,   by    Cooper   and    Bowdoin,    Hancock    and 
John  Adams,  by  Warren  and  Quiney.     DitFerin-  in  ages   and  occupations, 
m  personal  qualitie.-i  and  mental  characteristics,  this  remarkable  group  had 
been  drawn  together  by  common  enthusiasm.      To   their  work   they  had 
brought  every  energy  of  mind  and  heart;    and   they  had  so  managed  their 
share  of  the  controversy,  in  whieli  all  the  leading  statesmen  of  Britain  had 
participated,  as  to  have  commanded  the  respect  of  their  opponents,   wliile 
they  inspired  and  convinced   their  own  countrymen.     Many  lived  to  see 
their  hopes  fulfilled,  yet  not  all.      Already   Quiney,  the    younoest  of  this 
illustrious  circle,  had  passed  away,  ai-pealincr  with ''his  dying  words  to  his 
countrymen  to  be  prepared  "to  seal  their  faith  and  constancy  to  their  lib- 
erties with  their  blood."     Already  the  gloomy  shadow  of  mental   darkness 
had  obscured  for  ever  the  splendid  powers  of  Otis ;  and  the  hour  of  Warren 
was  nearly  come. 

It  was  nine  o'eloek  in  the  evening,  as  the  detachments,  with  Prescott  at 
their  head,  moved  trom  Cambridge.  On  arriving  at  Charlestown,  a  con- 
sultation was  held,  m  which  it  is  l)elieved  that  Putnam,  and  perhaps  Pome- 
roy,  joined;  and  it  was  .letermined  to  fortify  Breed's  Hill,  not  then  known 
by  the  distinctive  name  it  ha-^  since  borne.  Connected  with  Bunker  Hill 
by  a  high  rulge.  these  t^vo  eminences  might  not  improperly  be  considered 
as  peaks  of  the  same  lull;  and.  f..r  the  purpose  of  annoyance  to  the  British 
at  Boston,  Breed's  Hill  was  b.-tter  adapted.  Together  they  traverse  a 
large  portion  of  the  peninsula  of  Charlestown,  which,  connected  to  the 
main  land  by  a  narrow  neck  and  broadening  as  it  approaches  Boston,  is* 
washed  on  the  northern  side  by  tlu-  Mystic,  au<l  on  the  eastern  and  south- 
ern by  Charles  Kiver.  As  tiie  line  of  retreat  to  the  Neck,  which  was  the 
only  approach,  was  .uni:.  Hreed's  Hill  couhl  not  bo  safely  held,  however, 
without  tortifyuig  Bunker  Hill  also.  j  ^ 


1875.]  Mr.  Devcnss  Oration  in  Charlestown.  399 

At  mi'lnicrlit  work  ou  tbc  redoubt  bo<::an ;  and  at  dawn  tbe  intreucli- 
ments,  as  they  were  discovered  \>y  the  IJriiish  fkct  in  Charles  Kivor,  wliicb 
opened  upon  them  at  ouce,  were  about  six  feet  bi^h.  Well  sheltered  within 
tluiii,  thi,  iuc.i,  •-..;. .l^i'  u  tv.i;Illc  ...aiiuonade  from  the  shij)3  and  flouting'  bat- 
teries, aided  by  a  battery  on  Cojip's  Hill  opposite,  continued  to  labor  at  the 
works  imtil  about  eleven  o'clock,  when  they  were  substantially  llnished. 
At  about  this  time  General  Putnam  reached  the  lield,  and  recommended 
that  the  intrenching  tools  ])e  sent  to  Bunker  Hill,  where  he  directed  the 
throwing  up  of  a  breastwork,  which,  in  the  confusion  of  tJio  day,  was  never 
completed. 

Oppressed  by  their  severe  labor,  the  terrific  heat,  and  their  want  of 
water  and  provisions,  some  urged  .upon  Prescott  that  he  should  send  to 
General  Ward  that  they  might  be  relieved  :  but  this  he  resolutely  refused, 
saying  that  the  men  who  had  raised  the  works  were  best  able  to  defend 
them.  At  Cambridge,  however,  much  anxiety  prevailed;  and  General 
Ward,  who  was  of  opinion  that  General  Gage  must  attack  at  once,  and 
would  make  his  principal  attack  at  Cambridge,  was  unwilling  to  weaken 
the  main  army  until  his  intentions  should  be  developed,  but  yielding  par- 
tially to  the  energetic  remonstances  of  the  Committee  of  Safety,  through 
Mr.  Richard  Dev'ens,  consented  to  order  to  Charlestown  the  regiments  of 
btark  and  Keari,  which  were  under  his  control. 

The  consultation  at  Boston,  begun  at  the  announcement  made  by  the 
cannonade  from  the  British  ship,  was  spirited  and  long.  It  was  the  oi)inion 
of  Sir  Henry  Clinton  that  troops  should  be  landed  at  the  Neck,  and  the 
evidently  small  force  upon  the  hill,  then  taken  in  reverse,  would  easily  be 
captured.  But  this  plan  had  been  rejected  by  General  Gage,  as  the  force 
thus  landed  might  be  placed  between  two  forces  of  the  enemy,  in  violation 
of  the  military  axiom  that  troops  should  be  compelled  to  deal  only  with  an 
enemy  in  front.  While  the  ,rule  is  sound,  its  application  to  this  case 
might  well  be  doubted,  as,  by  concentrating  the  fire  of  the  British  ships  and 
batteries,  it  would  have  been  impossible  that  any  organized  force  could  ha%-e 
crossed  the  Xeck,  had  the  British  forces  been  landed  near  this  point,  and 
thus  imprisoned  the  Americans  in  the  peninsula. 

To  attack  the  works  in  front,  to  carry  them  by  main  force,  to  show  how 
little  able  the  rabble  that  manned  them  was  to  con  pete  with  the  troops  of 
the  King,  and  to  administer  a  stern  rebuke  that  should  punish  severely 
those  actually  in  arms  and  admonish  those  whose  loyalty  was  wavering,  was 
more  in  accordance  with  the  spirit  that  prevailed  in  the  British  army.  Its 
officers  were  smarting  under  the  disgraceful  retreat  from  Lexington  and 
Concord,  and  would" not  yet  believe  that  they  had  before  them  foemen 
worthy  of  their  steel. 

It  was  soon  after  twelve  o'clock  when  the  troops  commenced  their  move- 
ments from  the  North  Battery  and  Long  Wharf  of  Boston,  landing  at  about 
one  o'clock  without  molestation  at  the  extreme  point  of  tlie  peninsula, 
known  as  Moulton's  Point.  On  arriving,  Major-General  Ilovre,  by  whom 
they  were  commanded,  finding  the  work  "more  formidable  than  he  had  antici- 
pated, determined  to  send  for  reinforcements.  This  delay  was  unwise  ;  for 
the  interval,  although  it  brought  him  adchtional  troops,  proved  of  far  more 
advantage  to  the  Americans. 

Wlien  the  news  of  the  actual  landing  arrived  at  Cambridge,  a  considera- 
ble body  of  Massachusetts  troops  was  ordered  toward  Charlestown,  while 
General  Putnam  ordered  forward  those  of  Connecticut.  Of  all  these,  how- 
ever, comparativ-ely  itvf  reached  the  line  before  the  action  was  decided. 


400  Jl/r.  Dcvens's  Oration  in  Charlestown.  [Oct.i 

I 
M;iny  never  reached  Cliarlostouii  at  all ;  others  delayed  at  Prospect  Hill, 
appalled  at  the  troaiomlous  fire  with  wliich  the  British  swept  the  Neck  ;  \ 
v/liile  others  came  no  further  than  Bunker  Hill.  '; 

It  wa3  nearly  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  when,  reinforcementi;  hav-  •. 
jug  ani%-pd.  fH  wiq  mdy  in  the  Ihitish  line  fur  the  attack;  and  it  is  time 
to  consider  the  character  of  the  defences  erected,  and  their  ])Ositiou,  as  well 
as  the  forces  by  which  they  were  then  manned.  The  redoubt,  which  would 
iiiclose  the  spot  where  the  monument  now  stands,  was  upon  the  crest  of 
Breed's  Hill,  an  eminence  aliont  seventy  feet  in  heii^ht.  It  was  about 
eiglit  rods  square,  with  its  front  toward  the  south,  overlooking  the  town  and 
Charles  liiver.  Its  south-eastern  angle  directly  faced  Copp's  Hill,  while 
its  eastern  side  frnntod  extensive  fields  which  lay  between  it  and  IMoultori's 
Point ;  Moultou  Hill,  then  .about  thirty  feet  in  height,  but  now  levelled 
with  the  surface  of  the  ground,  was  situated  between  it  and  Moulton's 
Point.  The  eastern  side  of  the  redoubt  was  prolonged  by  a  breastwork 
detached  by  a  sally-port,  which  extended  for  about  one  hundred  yards 
toward  a  marsh  ;  while  the  northern  side  overlooked  the  Mystic  River,  from 
which  it  was  distant  about  five  hundred  yards. 

For  this  work  the  conflict  was  now  about  to  take  jilace.  It  had,  how- 
ever, been  strengthened  upon  the  side  toward  the  Mystic  by  a  protection 
without  which  it  would  have  been  untenable ;  ind  tliis  addition  had  been 
r.^'^dc  v.hilv.  Cciicial  iiowe  was  waiting  for  reinforcements,  by  the  fore- 
thought of  Frescott,  the  skilful  conduct  of  Knowlton,  and  the  fortunate 
arrival  of  Stark.  Immediately  upon  the  first  landing,  observing  the  inten- 
tion on  the  part  of  the  Britisli  general  of  moving  along  the  Mystic,  and 
thus  atteaiptmg  to  outflank  the  Americans,  Prescott  had  directed  Knovd- 
ton,  wit'n  the  Connecticut  detachment  and  with  two  field-pieces,  to  oppose 
them.  Captain  Knowlton,  with  his  men,  who,  it  will  be  remembered,  were 
of  the  original  command  of  Prescott,  moved  about  six  hundred  feet  to  the 
rear  of  the  redoubt  upon  the  side  toward  the  Mystic,  and  took  a  position 
there  near  the  base  of  Bunker  Hill,  pro{)erly  so  called,  finding  a  fence  which 
extended  toward  the  Mystic,  the  foundation  of  which  was  of  stone,  and 
upon  it  two  rail;.  IJapidly  making,  with  the  materials  he  found,  another 
fence  a  few  feet  distant,  he  filled  the  interval  with  grass  from  the  fields 
which  the  mower  of  yesterday  had  passed  over,  but  uj^on  which  the  great 
r3aper  was  to  gather  to-<lay  a  rich  harvest.  While  thus  engaged.  Stark  (a 
J  art  of  whose  men  were  detained  at  Bunker  Hill  by  Putnam  on  his  proposed 
works  there),  followed  closely  by  liead,  arrived,  aud,  perceiving  instantly 
the  importance  of  this  position  for  the  defence  of  the  intrenchmeuts, — for 
the  way,  as  he  says,  for  the  enemy  was  ''  so  plain  he  could  not  miss  it," — 
extended  the  line  of  Knowlton  by  rails  and  stones  taken  from  adjoining 
fences  until  it  reached  the  river,  making  on  the  extreme  left  on  the  beach 
a  strong  stone  wall.  As  the  rail-fence  was  so  far  to  the  rear  of  the  redoubt, 
there  was  of  course  an  interval  which  some  slight  attempt  had  been  made 
to  close,  and  where  also  was  {losted  the  artillery  of  the  Americans,  which, 
however,  insufficient  of  itself  and  feebly  served,  was  of  little  importance 
during  the  action. 

In  the  mean  tlnie,  few  although  the  reinforcements  were,  there  had  now 
arrived  some  fresh  men  t<)  inspire  with  confidence  those  who  had  toiled  with 
Prescott  through  the  weary  night  and  exhausting  day  without  food,  drink, 
or  rest.  Just  before  the  battle  actually  commenced,  detachments  from  the 
Massachusetts  re:.nuients  of  Brewer,  Nixon,  'Woodbridge,  Little,  and  3Iajor 
Moore  reached  the  field.     Most  of  these  take  their  place  at  the  breastwork 


1875.]  Mr.  Devens's  Oration  in  Charlestoirn.  401 

on  the  luft  of  the  eastern  front  of  the  redoubt,  and  a  similar  breastwork  more 
hastily  made  by  using  a  cart-way  upon  the  right. 

Upon  the  extreme  right  were  posted  a  few  troops,  extending  toward  tlie 
base  of  the  hill,  while  two  llanking  nnrtios  were  thrown  cuit  by  I'rcscott  to 
harass  the  enemy. 

A  portion  of  the  Massachusetts  troops  who  arrive  endeavor  to  fill  the  gap 
v.hio'a  exists  between  the  breastwork  and  the  rail-fence,  while  yet  a  few  take 
their  stand  at  the  rail-fence.  Notably  among  these  latter  is  the  veteran 
Ge.neral  Pomeroy,  of  Northampton,  too  old,  as  he  thinks  a  few  days  later, 
when  he  is  chosen  a  briga.lier  by  the  Continental  Congress,  to  accept  so  re- 
sponsible a  trust,  yet  not  so  old  that  he  cannot  figlit  yet  in  the  ranks^ 
although  the  weight  of  seventy  years  is  upon  him.  Later  in  the  day,  v.iieu 
his  nuisket  is  shattered  by  a  shot,  he  waves  the  broken  stoek  in  his  strong 
right  hand  as  he  directs  the  men;  a  leader's  truncheon  that  tells  its  own 
story  of  the  braveiy  by  which  it  was  won.  All  know  the  brave  old  man  ; 
and  as,  declining  any  command,  he  takes  his  place  as  a  volunteer,  he  is 
greeted  with  hearty  cheers.  To  the  redoubt  has  now  come  ^Varrea  in  that 
spirit  of  a  true  soldier,  who,  having  advised  against  a  plan  which  has  been 
adopted,  feels  the  more  called  r.poa  to  make  every  eiFort  that  it  shall  suc- 
ceed. The  enthusiasm  with  which  he  is  received  indicates  at  once  tlic  in- 
Fp'rr^^io;"'  r."'.l  C"':cu.:„^\::^^^o  tLat  lli^i  men  uli  i'eel  in  tiiat  gallant  presence  ; 
but  when  Prescott  otFers  him  the  command,  he  having  three  days  before 
been  appointed  a  major-general  by  the  Provincial  Congress,  he  declines  it, 
saying,  ''  I  come  as  a  volunteer  to  serve  under  you,  and  shall  be  happy  to 
learn  from  a  soldier  of  your  experience." 

The  peninsula  where  the  struggle  was  to  take  place  was  in  full  view- 
across  the  calm  waters  of  the  harbor,  and  of  the  Charles  and  Mystic  Rivers, 
v.'hose  bsnks  were  liaed  with  people,  who  with  mournful  and  anxious  hearts 
awaited  the  issue,  while  each  house-top  in  the  town  was  covered  with  eager 
spectators.  From  Copp's  Hill,  General  Gage,  with  Burgoyne  and  Clinton,, 
surrounded  by  troops,  ready  themselves  to  move  at  an  instant's  warning, 
watches  the  onset  of  his  forces. 

The  champions  are  not  unworthy  of  the  arena  in  which  they  stand-  To 
those  who  love  the  pomp  and  circumstance  of  war,  the  British  troops  present 
a  splendid  array.  The  brilliant  light  flashes  back  fr  )m  the  scarlet  uniforms, 
tlie  showy  equipments,  the  glittering  arms ;  and,  as  ihey  move,  there  is  seen 
the  effect  of  that  discipline  whose  object  is  to  put  at  the  disposal  of  the  one 
who  commands  the  strength  and  courage  of  the  thousands  whom  he  leads. 
They  are  of  the  best  and  most  tried  troops  of  the  British  army ;  and  some 
of  the  regiments  have  won  distinguished  honor  on  the  battle-tielJs  of  Europe, 
in  the  same  wars  in  which  the  colonies  had  poured  out  their  blood  on  this 
side  of  the  Atlantic  in  hearty  and  generous  support  of  the  British  Crown. 
Their  veteran  officers  are  men  who  have  seen  service  in  Europe  and 
America;  and  their  younger  officers,  like  Lord  Rawdon  and  Lord  Harris, 
bear  names  afterwards  distinguished  in  the  chronicles  of  British  warfare. 
The  second  in  command  is  Brigadier-General  Pigot,  slight  in  person,  but 
known  as  an  officer  of  spirit  and  judgment ;  and  their  lea.ler,  Major-General 
Howe,  bears  a  name  Vv'hich  has  been  loved  and  honored  in  America.  The 
monument  which  Massachusetts  reared  in  "Westminster  Abbey  to  his  elder 
brother,  Lord  Howe,  who  fell  while  leading  a  column  of  British  and  Ameri- 
cans at  Ticonderoga  in  1758,  stands  still  to  inscribe  his  name  among  the 
heroes  of  England,  whose  f;ime  is  gtiarded  and  enshrined  within  that  ancient 
pile.    Above  their  lines  v/aves  the  great  British  ensign,  to  which  the  colo- 

voL.  XXIX,  35 


402  Mr.  Devens's  Ovation  in  Charlestowti.  .  [Oct. 

nics  h.ive  always  looked  as  the  cmblt'm  of  their  country,  and  with  them  13 
the  "King's  name,"  wliicli  even  yet  is  a  tower  of  strength  in  the  land.  As 
iiearly  as  we  can  estimate,  they  muuber  about  four  thousand  men.  General 
Oaft»'s  rH>por»;  ind'(->ff>i  «ii''';cifj:itly  that  ho  does  nr)t  intend  to  state  tlie  num- 
ber engn:jed  when  he  is  compelled  later  to  acknowledge  the  casualties  of  the 
day. 

Upon  tlie  other  bide  a  diiTerent  scene  presents  itself.  As  the  battle  is 
about  to  open,  at  the  ndoubt  anil  upon  its  flanks  are  the  troops  of  ^^Fassa- 
chu^ctis  ;  at  t!ie  rail-fence  are  the  troops  of  Connecticut  and  those  of  New- 
Hampshire,  with  a  ft^w  men  of  Massachusetts.  How  many  there  were  in  all 
cannot  be  determined  witli  accuracy.  Kegiments  that  are  fretjuently  spoken 
of  as  being  present  at  the  engagement  were  represented  by  but  weak  de- 
tachments. Towards  the  close  of  the  battle  a  few  more  arrive,  but  not  more 
than  enough  to  mr.ke  the  place  good  of  the  losses  that  have  iu  the  mean 
time  occurred.  No  judgment  can  be  formed  more  accurate  than  that  of 
Washington,  who  was  so  soon  after  with  the  army,  when  many  of  the  cir- 
cumstances were  investigated,  and  whose  mature  and  carefully  considered 
opinion  was  that  at  no  time  upon  oar  side  were  more  than  lifteen  hundred 
men  actually  engaged. 

As  we  look  down  the  line,  there  are  symptoms  everywhere  of  determina- 
t'ou ,  Tvyi  ouJii  hci3  bcLu  the  contusion,  and  so  little  has  been  the  command 
which,  in  their  movements,  the  ollicers  have  been  able  to  exercise,  that  no 
man  is  there  who  does  not  mean  to  be  there.  A  few  free  colored  men  are 
in  the  ranks,  who  do  good  service;  but  it  is  a  gathering  almost  exclusively 
of  the  yeomanry  of  New-England,  men  of  the  English  race  and  blood,  who 
stand  there  that  day,  because  there  has  been  an  attempt  to  invade  their 
rights  a?  Englishmen,  rights  guaranteed  by  their  chaiters,  and  yet  older 
than  the  Magna  Charta  itself.  There  are  no  uniforms  to  please  the  eye; 
but,  as  the  cowl  does  not  make  the  monk,  so  the  uniform  does  not  make  the 
soldier,  and  in  their  rustic  garb  they  will  show  themselves  worthy  of  the 
name  before  the  day  is  done.  No  H-.ig  waves  above  their  heads ;  for  they 
are  this  day  witb.out  a  country,  and  they  fight  that  they  may  have  one, 
although  they  could  not  have  dreamed  that  the  emblem  of  its  sovereignty 
should  Hoat  as  it  now  does  over  millions  of  freemen  from  the  Atlantic  to  the 
far  racific.  The  equipments  and  arms  are  of  all  description ;  but  those  who 
carr}  them  know  their  use,  and  all,  more  or  less  skilled  as  marksmen,  mean 
in  their  stern  economy  of  powder,  which  is  their  worst  deficiency,  that  every 
shot  shall  tell.  There  is  little  discipline ;  but  it  is  not  an  nnwarlike  popu- 
lation, and  among  the  men  are  scattered  those  who  do  not  look  for  the  first 
time  on  the  battie-fiild,  and  with  all  is  that  sense  of  individual  responsibility 
and  duty  which  to  some  extent  takes  its  place,  that  proud  self-consciousness 
that  animates  those  who  know  that  their  own  right  hands  must  work  their 
own  deliverance.  Poorly  ofiicered  in  some  respects,  for  haste  and  bad 
management  have  put  m;uiy  important  posts  into  inefficient  hands,  there  are 
also  with  them  officers  who  from  experience  and  ability  might  be  well  counted 
as  leaders  on  any  field.  They  are  New-England  men,  fully  understanding 
those  they  command,  and  exercising  an  influence  by  force  of  their  own 
characters,  by  their  self-devotion  and  enthusiasm,  which  cause  all  around 
them  to  j-ield  respectful  and  affectionate  obedience. 

Roughly  done,  the  works  they  have  hastily  made  are  yet  formidable,  the 
weakest  part  lying  in  the  imperfectly  closed  gap  between  the  breastwork 
and  the  rail-fence. 

At  the  rail-fence,  and  on  the  extreme  left,  is  Stark,  distinguished  after- 


1875.]  Air.  Devens's  Oration  in  Charhstoicn.  403 

^vard  by  the  battle  of  Bcniiingtoiii ;  lie  has  shown  the  quick  eye  and  rendy 
hand  of  the  jirictijcd  soldier  by  the  celerity  with  which  he  has  extei>.ded  this 
line  to  the  ]My>tic  Kiver.  Kuowltoa  is  tlicrc  also,  still  with  the  Coni)ecti»iit 
men,  as  yet  but  little  reitifurced,  who^e  resolute  cutuhict  of  this  day  deserves 
tile  s:tuie  eiilu^jy  which  it  received,  when,  a  year  lattjr,  he  fell  gloriously 
fighting  on  Ilarlein  Heights  at  the  head  of  his  regiment,  from  Wasliiiigton, 
that  '•  it  would  have  been  an  honor  to  any  country."  General  Putnam,  an 
otlicer  of  tried  courage  and  of  energetic  character,  has  come  to  share  in  the 
danger  of  the  assault,  now  that  it  is  evidently  approaching,  and  is  every- 
where along  this  portion  of  the  line,  inspiring,  encouraging,  and  sustaiiung 
the  men.  All  these,  like  Pomeroy,  are  veteran  soldiers,  who  have  served 
in  the  wars  with  France  and  her  savage  allies  ;  aipl  it  is  a  sundering  of  eld 
ties  to  see  the  British  tlag  upon  the  other  si<le. 

At  the  redoubt,  sustained  by  Warren,  stands  the  commander  of  the  ex- 
pedition which  has  fortified  Breed's  Hill.  He  has  himstdf  served  in  tlie 
pro^nncial  forces  of  Massachusetts,  under  the  British  flag,  and  that  so  brnvely 
that  he  has  been  ottered  a  commission  in  the  regular  army,  but  has  preferred 
the  life  of  a  farmer  and  magistrate  in  Middlesex.  His  large  and  extensive 
influence  he  has  given  to  the  patriotic  cause,  and  has  been  recognized  from 
the  first  as  one  of  those  men  quaUtied  to  command.  Powerful  in  person, 
vrith  an  easv  humor  whicli  has  cheered  and  inspired  with  confidence  all  who 
are  around  him,  he  waits,  with  a  calmness  and  courage  that  will  not  fail  hira 
in  the  most  desperate  moment,  the  issue.  The  hour  that  he  has  expected 
Las  come ;  and  the  gage  of  battle,  bo  boldly  thrown  down  by  the  erection  of 
the  redoubt,  has  been  lifted. 

As  the  British  army  moved  to  the  attack,  it  was  in  two  wings;  the  fii-st 
arranged  directly  to  assail  the  redoubt,  and  led  by  Pigot,  while  the  othfT, 
commanded  by  General  Howe  in  person,  was  divided  into  two  distiuet 
columns,  one  of  which,  composed  of  light  infantry,  was  close  to  the  bank  of 
the  river,  and  intended  to  turn  the  extreme  left  of  our  line,  and  v.'ith  the 
column  in  front  of  thu  rail-fence  to  drive  the  Americans  from  their  position, 
and  cut  off  the  retreat  of  those  ia  the  redoubt. 

In  the  opinion  of  General  Burgoyne,  General  Howe's  '•  arrangements 
were  soldier-like  and  perfect;"  but  the  conduct  of  the  battle  does  n<jt,  in  a 
military  point,  deserve  such  high  commendation.  It  was  clearly  au  error 
on  the  part  of  General  Howe  to  divide  his  forces,  and  make  two  points  of 
attack  instead  of  one,  and  an  equal  error  to  move  up  and  deploy  his  columns 
to  fire,  in  which  his  troops  were  at  obvious  disadvantage  from  their  want  of 
protection,  instead  of  making  an  assault  without  firing.  He  had  failed  also 
to  recognize  the  weak  point  in  the  line  between  the  breastwork  and  the 
rail-fence,  easier  to  carry  than  any  other  point,  and,  if  carried,  more  certain 
to  involve  the  whole  American  force.  He  had  sluggishly  permitted  the 
erection  of  the  formidable  field-work  of  the  rail-fence,  the  whole  of  which 
had  been  construct'ed  without  any  interference  subsequent  to  his  arrival  on 
the  peninsula;  nor,  when  constructed,  does  it  seem  to  have  occurred  to  him 
that  by  a  floating  battery  or  gunboat  stationed  in  the  Mystic  River,  both  of 
which  were  within  his  control,  it  could  have  been  enfiladed,  and  the  force 
there  dislodged  at  once. 

As  the  British  are  seen  to  advance,  the  orders  are  renewed  along  the 
•whole  American  line  in  a  hundred  different  forms  not  to  fire  until  the 
enemy  are  within  ten  or  twelve  rods,  and  then  to  wait  for  the  word,  to  use 
their  skill  as  marksmen,  and  to  make  every  shot  tell.  For,  although  those 
at  the  intronchments  and  rail-fence  act  without  immediate  concert,  the  scar- 


404  Mr.  Deveyis's  Oration  in  Charlestoicn.  [Oct. 

city  of  powder,  aivl  the  fact  that  they  are  without  bayonets  and  can  rely 
only  i:pon  their  hulk'ts,  is  known  to  all.  It  liad  been  intended  to  cover  the 
movement  of  the  Uriti.sh  by  a  disi-hurgc  of  artillery  ;  but  the  balls  were, 
by  some  mistake  of  tlie  ordnance  odicer,  found  too  large  for  the  guns,  and 
r-ftcr'.r.iiu,  wh'jn  iuuueti  with  grape,  it  was  found  im[)Ossible  to  draw  them 
tbrough  the  miry  ground,  so  that  they  aflbrded,  in  the  first  assault,  no 
substantial  assistance. 

The  forces  of  Pigot  mov^ed  slowly  forward,  impeded  by  the  heavy  knap- 
sacks they  had  been  encuuibered  with,  and  by  the  fences  which  divided  the 
fields,  and  continued  to  fire  as  they  thus  advanced.  As  they  got  within 
gun-shot,  although  their  tire  had  done  but  little  damaire,  our  men  could  not 
entirely  restrain  their  imj^atience  ;  but,  as  some  fired.  Prescott,  sternly  re- 
buking the  disorder,  appealed  to  their  confidence  in  him,  and  some  of  his 
ofBcers,  springing  upon  the  parapet,  kicked  up  the  guns  that  rested  upon  it 
that  they  might  be  sure  to  wait.  Tiiis  etlicient  remonstrance  had  its  elfect, 
and  the  enemy  were  within  ten  or  twelve  rods  of  the  eastern  front  of  the 
breastworks  when  the  voice  of  Prescott  uttered  the  words,  for  which  every 
ear  was  listening,  and  the  stream  of  fire  broke  from  his  line  which,  by  its 
terrible  carnage,  checked  at  once  the  advance.  The  attacking  lines  were 
old  troops,  and  well  led ;  it  was  at  once  sternly  returned,  but  they  did  not 
rush  on,  and  in  ft  t^w  moment--,  vraveriii^  and  staiiiieiiujj  under  a  fire  which 
was  murderous,  while  their  own  did  little  execution,  Pigot  orders  his  men 
to  fall  back. 

In  the  mean  time  General  Howe,  after  unsuccessfully  endeavoring  with 
a  column  of  light  infantry  to  turn  the  extreme  left  of  our  line  on  the  Mys- 
tic, advanced  with  the  grenadiers  directly  in  front  of  the  rail-fence,  and 
somewhat  annoyed  by  the  artillery  between  the  breastwork  and  the  rail- 
fence,  which  here,  directed  Vjy  Putnam,  did  its  best  service,  as  he  approached 
within  eighty  or  one  hundred  yards,  deployed  his  forces  into  line.  As 
at  the  redoubt,  in  eagerness,  some  of  our  men  fired,  when  the  officers 
threatened  to  cut  down  the  first  man  who  disobeyed,  and,  thus  rebuked,  they 
restrain  themselves  until  the  prescribed  distance  is  reached,  when  their 
fire  is  delivered  with  such  telling  effect  that,  broken  and  disarranged,  the 
attacking  force,  alike  that  directly  in  front  and  that  upon  the  banks  of  the 
river,  recoils  before  it,  while  many  of  the  British  otficers  have  felt  the 
deadly  result  of  the  superiority  which  the  Americans  possess  as  marks- 
men. 

Some  minutes,  perhaps  fifteen,  now  intervene  before  the  second  assault, 
which  are  moments  of  enthusiastic  joy  in  the  American  lines.  All  see 
that  they  are  led  by  men  capable  of  directing  them,  that  they  have  rudely 
hurled  back  the  first  onset,  and  that  they  are  not  contending  against  those 
who  are  invincible.  As  they  have  seen  their  enemy  turn,  some  of  them  at 
the  rail-fence  in  their  eagerness  have  sprung  over  it  to  pursue,  but  have 
been  restrained  by  the  wisdom  of  their  ofilcers.  At  the  redoubt,  Prescott, 
certain  that  the  enemy  will  soon  reform  and  again  attack,  while  he  com- 
mends the  men  for  their  courage  and  congratidates  tliem  for  their  success, 
urges  them  to  wait  again  for  his  order  before  they  fire.  Putnam  hastens 
from  the  lines,  his  obj;ct  being  to  forward  reinforcements,  and  to  arrange, 
if  possible,  a  new  line  of  defence  at  P.unker  Hill,  properly  so  called,  where 
all  was  in  confusion,  the  men  who  had  reached  there  being  for  the  most 
part  entirely  disorganized. 

The  horror  of  tlie  bloody  field  is  now  heightened  by  the  burning  of  the 
prosperous  town  of  CharlcstowTi.      This  bad  been  threatened  as  early  as 


1875.]  Mr.  Devens's  Oration  in  Charleslown.  405 

April  21  by  General  Gage,  if  the  Amoncan  forces  ncciipie<l  the  town  ;  and 
the  patriotic  inhabitant.^  luul  informed  CJcrKTal  Ward  that  they  d  sired 
Lim  to  conduct  his  military  operations  without  regard  to  it.  Comidainin^ 
of  the  ami(jyance  which  the  sliarp-sliooiors  posted  nhtii"-  its  ed'^e^  ^ave  to 
hi-  t.u^ijj  u^(uu  thu  w.vlreuie  left,  General  Howe  has  ro([UC.?ted  that  it  be 
fired,  which  was  done  by  tlie  cannon  from  Copi)'s  Hill.  It  mav  be  also,  as 
was  afterwards  said,  under  the  impression  that  his  assaulting  columns  would 
be  covered  by  its  smoke.  The  smoke  was  drifted,  however,  in  the  otlier 
direction  ;  and  the  provincials  beheld  without  dismay  a  deed  which  indicated 
the  ruthless  mode  in  winch  the  war  was  to  be  prosecuted.  As  tlie  enemy 
.  advanced  to  the  second  assault,  their  fire  was  more  eftective.  At  the  re- 
doubt. Colonels  Buekminster,  Brewer,  and  Nixon  are  wounded;  ^Nfajor 
Moore  mortally.  No  general  result  is  produced  ;  aiid  again,  as  tiiey  readi  the 
distance  prescribed,  the  fire  of  the  Americans,  directed  simnltaneo'uslv  along 
die  whole  length  of  the  line,  alike  of  tlie  redoubt  and  breastwork  as'well  as 
tJie  rail-fence,  is  even  more  destructive  than  before.  Standing  the  tirst 
shock,^the  enemy  continue  to  advance  and  tire  still ;  but  against  so  rapi^l 
and  etTectivc  a  wave  as  they  nov,-  receive,  it  is  impossible  to  hold  their 
ground,  and  although  their  otiicers,  themselves  the  worst  sutlerers,  are  seen 
frantically  summoning  them  to  their  duty,  all  is  in  vain  ;  they  are  swept 
back  in  complete  confusion.  General  Howe,  onposite  the  rail-fence,  is  in 
tlie  tiercest  and  thickest ;  left  almost  alone,  as  his  olHcers  are  struck  down 
around  him,  he  is  borne  along  by  the  current  of  the  retreat  rather  than 
directs  it. 

This  time  the  repulse  was  terrific.  "  In  front  of  our  works,"  savs  Fres- 
co tt,"  the  ground  was  covered  with  the  killed  and  wounded,  manvof  them 
within  a  few  yards,"  while  before  the  rail-fence  "  the  dead,"  in  the  horned 7 
phrase  of  Stark,  "  h.y  thick  as  sheep  in  a  fold."  Disonler  reigned  in  the 
British  ranks  ;  to  stay  the  rout  was  for  the  moment  impossible,  as  many 
of  the  companies  had  entirely  lost  their  otRcers,  and  for  a  short  time  it 
seemed  that  they  could  not  rally  again.  Had  there  been  a  reserve  of  fresh 
troops  now  to  advance  (which  there  might  have  been,  had  it  been  possible 
toorganize  the  scattered  detachments  which  had  already  readied  Bunker's 
Hill),  or  even  proper  support  and  reinforcement,  the  conflict  would  have 
ended  by  a  victory  so  complete  that  i)erliaps  it  would  have  been  accepted 
as  putting  an  end  to  the  British  power  in  America. 

Before  the  third  assault  some  reinforcements  reached  the  rail-fence, 
especially  three  Connecticut  companies  under  Major  Durkee,  and  a  portion 
of  Gardner's  regiment  from  Middlesex,  the'  colonel  of  which  was  killed 
during  the  engagement.  A  part  of  this  regiment  was  detaine<l  bv  Putnam 
on  his  proposed  work  at  Bunker  Hill.  The  company  of  Josiah' Harris,  of 
Charlestown,^  took  its  post  at  the  extreme  left  of  our 'line  at  the  rail-fence, 
and  won  for  its  native  town  the  honor,  when  the  retreat  commenced,  of 
being  the  last  to  leave  the  field. 

To  the  redoubt  and  breastwork  no  reinforcements  came  ;  and,  althou:;h 
the  determined  and  remarkable  man  who  conducted  its  defence  may  well 
have  been  disappointed  at  this  failure,  no  word  of  discouragement  es'caped 
his  hps.  He  knew  well  the  duty  which  as  an  otlioer  he  owed  his  men, 
and  at  another  time  might  have  felt  that  he  ouixht  to  retreat  from  a  position, 
the  chance  of  holding  whiclx  was  so  slii::ht ;  yet  there  was  still  a  chance,  and  he 
comprehended  fully  that  on  that  day'it  was  not  a  question  of  stratejzy  or 
manceuvre,  but  of  the  determination'and  courage  of  the  American  people  ia 
the  assertion  of  their  freedom,  which  was  there  bloodily  de'oated.     Cabc 

VOL.  xxis.  35* 


406  .  Mr.  Devcnss  Oration  in  Charlestown.  [Oct. 

and  resolute,  cheerful  still  in  outwnrcl  detncanor,  he  moved  around  his  linens, 
assurirj'^  his  men,  "  If  we  drive  them  btick  ayuiu,  they  cannot  rally  ;  "  and 
inspired  by  their  contidence  iu  him,  they  answer  euthuaiustically,  "  We 
are  ready." 

i-vj  sup^iiies  ot  powder  have  been  received,  and  there  are  not  in  his  whole 
comniaiul  tifty  bayonets,  so  that  if  the  fire  sliall  slacken,  and  tlie  .enouiy 
force  their  way  through  it,  resistance  is  impossible.  No  man  has  over  three 
rounds  of  ammunition,  and  many  only  two  ;  and,  whnn  a  few  artillery  car- 
tridges are  discovered,  the  powder  iu  theru  is  distributed,  with  the  injunc- 
tion that  not  a  kernel  should  be  ■wasted. 

Discipline,  wliich  at  such  moments  will  always  tell,  in  perhaps  half  an 
hour  has  done  its  work  among  the  British  troops  ;  and  no  longer  self-eonli- 
deut,  but  realizing  the  terril)lu  work  before  them,  the  men  are  throwing  (AY 
knapsacks  for  a  final  desperate  assault.  Some  have  remonstrated  ;  but  Sir 
W  illiam,  less  attractive  than  his  brother,  General  Lord  Howe,  less  able 
than  his  brother,  Admiral  Lord  Howe,  who  now  bears  the  family  title,  is  a 
storn  soldier,  and  in  personal  courage  and  determination  in  no  way  unworthy 
of  the  martial  race  to  which  he  belongs.  He  feels  that  his  own  re[>utation 
and  that  of  the  soldiers  he  commands  is  ruined  for  ever  if  they  sustain  de- 
feat at  the  hands  of  a  band  of  half-armed  rustics.  Victory  itself  will  now 
be  ntt<=''^'''.-?'i  t'-i*-  mcr'.illcailou  >-uou-Ii,  iiuej'  sueli  severe  repulses  and  such 
terrible  losses. 

From  the  other  ?!de  of  the  river  General  Clinton  has  seen  the  discomn- 
ture,  and,  bringing  some  reiuforcemenis,  comes  to  aid  him  in  rallying  his  men. 
Howe  has  seen,  too.  what  Clinton  has  also  observed,  the  error  of  the  former 
disposition  of  his  force,  and  that  the  weak  point  of  the  American  line  is 
between  the  breastwork  and  the  rail-fence.  Toward  this  and  against  the 
redoubt  and  breast^vork  he  now  arranges  his  nest  attack.  Cannon  are 
brought  to  bear  so  as  to  rake  the  inside  of  the  breastwork  ;  and,  making  a 
demonstration  only  agai:ist  the  rail-fence  that  may  check  the  movement 
upon  the  flank  of  his  troops,  he  divides  them  into  three  columns. 

The  two  at  the  left  are  com.manded  respectively  by  Clinton  and  Pigot, 
while  the  right  he  "leads  in  person.  They  are  to  assault  together,  Clinton 
upon  the  left,  at  the  sontli-eastern  angle,  and  Pigot  upon  the  eastern  front 
of  the  redoubt,  while  Howe's  own  furee  is  to  carry  the  breastwork,  and 
striking  betv.een  it  aiid  tlie  rail-fence  bar  the  way  of  retreat.  Against  this 
formidable  array  no  other  preparation  could  be  made  by  Prescott  than  to 
place  at  the  angles  of  his  redoubt  the  few  bayonets  at  his  disposal,  and  to 
direct  that  no  man  should  fire  until  the  enemy  were  within  twenty  yards. 

The  lire  of  the  Lriti.-.h  artillery,  now  rendered  effective,  sweeps  the  in- 
side of  the  breastwork,  antl,  no  longer  tenable,  its  defenders  crowd  within 
the  redoubt.  Again  the  voice  of  Prescott  is  heard  as  the  attacking  columns 
approach  and  are  now  only  twenty  yards  distant,  giving  the  order  to  fire. 
So  telling  and  deadly  is  the  discharge  that  the  front  ranks  are  almost  pros- 
trated by  it ;  but,  as  the  fire  slackens,  the  British  columns,  which  have 
wavered  for  an  insUmt,  move  steadily  on  without  returning  it.  Almost 
simultaneously  upon  the  three  points  which  are  exposed  to  the  assault 
the  enemy  reach  tlie  little  earth-work  which  so  much  brave  blood  has  been 
spent  to  hold  and  to  gain  ;  and,  while  they  are  now  so  near  that  its  sides 
already  cover  them,  its  commander,  determined  to  maintain  it  to  the  last  ex- 
tremity, orders  those  of  his  men  who  have  no  bayonets  to  retire  to  the  rear 
and  fire  upon  the  enemy  .as  they  moimt  the  parapet. 

Those  who  tirst  ascend  are  shot  down  as   they  scale  the  works,  among 


1875.]  Mr.  Devenss  Omtion  in  Charlestown.  407 

them  Pitcaira,  whose  rashuess  (even  if  we  give  liim  the  benefit  of  the  denial 
he  always  made  of  having  ordorod  his  soldiers  to  fire  at  Lexington)  still 
reudei-s  him  responsible  for  the  first  shedding  of  blood  in  the  strife.  In  a 
few  moments,  howevi-r,  tlte  redoubt  is  half  filled  by  the  storming  columns ; 
and,  although  a  fierce  contlict  ensues,  it  is  too  unequal  for  hopc,^and  shows 
only  the  courage  which  animates  the  men,  who,  without  bayonets,  use  the 
butts  of  their  mu^ket^  in  the  fierce  efiort  to  stay  the  uow  successful  assault. 
As  the  enemy  are  closing  about  the  redoubt,  if  tlie  force  is  to  be  extricated 
from  capture,  the  \\o:-d  to  retreat  must  be  given,  and  reluctantly  the  brave 
lips  which  have  spoken  only  the  v.ords  of  cheer  and  encouragement  utter  it  at 
last.  Already  some  are  so  involved  that  thoy  hew  their  way  throu<di  tlie 
enemy  to  join  Prescott,  and  he  himself  is  again  and  again  struck  at  by  the 
bayonet,  of  which  his  clothes  give  full  proof  afterward,  but  defends  himself 
with  his  sword, — the  use  of  which  he  understands.  As  our  forces  leave  the 
redoubt  by  the  entrance  on  the  nonhern  side,  they  come  between  the  two 
columns  which  have  turned  the  breastwork,  and  the  southeastern  an^le  of 
the  redoubt.  These  are,  however,  too  m-uch  exhausted  to  use  the  bavonet 
etfectually,  and  all  are  so  mingled  together  that  for  a  {aw  moments  the 
British  cannot  fire ;  but  as  our  men  extricate  themselves  the  British  re-form, 
and  deliver  a  heavy  fire  upon  them  as  they  retreat. 

Ii:  tho  mcuu  t;i;:.c  thi  attack  has  been  renewed  ujiou  the  rail-fence,  but  its 
defenders  know  well  that,  if  they  would  save  their  countrymen  at  the  re- 
doubt, they  must  hold  it  resolutely  for  a  few  moments  longer,  and  they  de- 
feud  it  nobly,  resisting  every  attempt  to  turn  the  flank.  They  see  soon  that 
Prescott  has  left  the  hill,  that  the  intrenchments  are  in  the  hands  of  the 
enemy  at  last;  and,  their  own  work  gallantly  done,  they  retreat  in  better 
order  than  could  have  been  expected  of  trooi)s  who  had  so  little  organiza- 
tion, and  who  looked  for  the  first  time  on  a  battle-field.  Upon  the  crest  of 
Bunker  Hill  (properly  so  called)  General  Putnam,  with  the  confused  forces 
already  there,  gallantly  struggles  to  organize  a  line  and  make  a  new  stand, 
but  without  success.  Our  forces  recross  the  Neck  and  occupy  Plouf^hed 
Iliil,  now  Mount  Benedict,  at  its  head;  but  there  is  no  disposition  on°the 
part  of  the  British  to  pursue,  for  the  terrible  slaughter  too  well  attests  the 
price  at  which  the  nominal  victory  has  been  obtained. 

The  loss  of  ihe  British,  according  to  General  Gage's  account,  was  in  killed 
and  wounded  1,0.34,  and  it  was  generally  believed  that  this  was  understated 
by  him.  There  was  inducement  enough  to  do  this ;  for  so  disastrous  was 
his  despatch  felt  to  be  that  the  Government  hesitated  to  give  it  to  the  public, 
until  forced  to  do  so  by  the  taunts  of  those  who  had  opposed  the  war,  and 
the  method  by  which  it  had  been  provoked. 

Sir  William  Howe  seemed  to  have  borne  that  day  a  charmed  life ;  for, 
while  ten  otficers  of  his  stati"  were  among  the  killed  and  wounded,  lie'  had 
escaped  substantially  uninjured.  His  white  silk  stockings  draggled  with  the 
crimson  stain  of  the  grass,  wet  with  the  blood  of  his  men,  att°ested  that  he 
had  kept  the  promise  made  to  them  on  the  beach,  that  he  should  ask  no  man 
to  go  further  than  he  was  prepared  to  lead. 

On  the  American  side,  the  loss,  as  reported  by  the  Committee  of  Safetv, 
was  in  killed  and  wounded  4-19,  by  far  the  larger  part  of  these  casualties 
occurrmg  in  the  capture  of  the  redoubt,  and  after  the  retreat  commence.! 
Prescott,  who,  in  the  hours  that  had  passed  smce  he  left  Cambrid'^e,  had 
done  for  the  independence  of  his  country  work  that  the  greatest  mi'dit  weli 
be  satisfied  with  doing  in  a  life-time,  was  unlmrt ;  but  as  the  retre'at  com- 
menced had  tallen  AV'arren,  than  whom  no  man  in  America  could  Lave  been 
more  deeply  deplored. 


408  Mr.  Devenss  Oration  in  Charlestown.  [Oct. 

Massachusetts  in  her  Congress,  and  the  citizens  of  all  the  colonies,  united  ) 
in  doing  honor  to  his  heroic  Rt.-lf-sacrilice,  and  i)ure,  noble  fame ;  but  no  1 
eulogy  was  aiorc  graceful  than  that  of  ^Irs.  Johu  Adams,  herself  one  of  the 
most  interesting  figures  of  the  Kevolution,  or  more  touching  than  that  of  the 
warm-hearted  j'oniornv  who  lamented  the  caprice  of  that  fortune  which  had 
spared  him  in  the  day  of  battle,  an  old  -.var-woru  soldier  whose  work  was 
nearly  done,  and  taken  Warren  in  the  brightness  of  his  youth,  and  with  his 
vast  capacity  to  serve  his  country.  Yet  for  him  who  sliall  say  it  was  not 
well ;  there  are  many  things  in  life  dearer  than  life  itself:  honor  in  its  true 
and  noble  sense,  patriotism,  duty,  all  are  dearer:  to  all  these  he  had  beeu 
faithful.  His  position  is  forever  among  the  heroes  and  martyrs  of  liberty, — 
his  reward  forever  in  the  atVfction  of  a  grateful  people.  As  the  dead  al- 
ways bear  to  us  the  image  which  they  last  bore  when  on  eartli,  and  as  by 
the  subtle  power  of  the  imagination  we  summon  before  us  the  brave  who 
stood  here  for  their  country,  that  noble  presence,  majestic  in  its  manly 
beauty,  seems  to  rise  agiiin,  although  a  hundred  years  are  gone,  with  all  the 
fire  of  his  burning  eloqurnce,  witiv  all  the  ardor  of  his  patriotic  enthusiasm, 
with  all  the  loftiness  of  his  generous  self-ilevotion.  So  shall  it  seem  to  rise, 
although  centuries  more  shall  pass,  to  inspire  his  countrymen  in  every  hour 
of  doubt  and  trial  with  a  valor  and  patriotism  kindred  to  his  own. 

The  story  I  have  told,  fellow-citizens,  has  been  often  related  before  you 
fT  r^v.".'  vl.lJly ,  iiui  iias  it  been  in  my  power  to  add  any  thing  to  the  facts 
which  patient  and  loviiig  investigation  has  long  since  brought  to  light. 
Tested  by  the  simple  rule  that  whoever  holds  or  gains  the  ground  fought  tor 
wins  the  victory,  the  battle  was,  of  course,  at  its  close,  a  defeat  for  the  pro- 
vincial forces  ;  but  it  was  a  defeat  that  carried  and  deserved  to  carry  vvith 
it  all  the  moral  consequences  of  a  victory.  As  General  Curgoync  gar.ed 
from  Copp's  Hill  on  the  scene  which  he  so  graphically  describes  in  a  letter 
to  Lord  Stanley,  he  was  saddened,  he  says,  "  by  the  reflection  that  a  defeat 
would  be  perhaps  the  loss  of  the  British  empire  in  America;"  but,  although 
in  his  eyes  a  victory,  it  was  one  which  equally  marked  the  loss  of  that 
empire. 

The  lesson  drawn  from  it  was  the  same  both  in  Europe  and  America. 
'•  England,"  wrote  Franklin,  "•  has  lost  her  colonies  for  ever ; "  and  Wash- 
ington, as  he  listened  with  intense  interest  to  the  narrative,  and  heard  that 
the  troops  he  was  coming  to  command  had  not  only  withstood  the  fire  of  the 
regulars,  but  had  again  and  again  rtjpulsed  them,  renewed  his  expressions  of 
confidence  in  final  victory. 

In  England,  the  news  was  received  with  mortification  and  astonishment ; 
no  loss  so  serious  in  proportion  to  the  number  engaged  had  ever  been  known  ; 
and  in  the  excited  debates  of  the  Parliament  it  was  afterward  alleged  to 
have  been  caused  by  the  misbehavior  of  the  troops  themselves.  The  charge 
was  certainly  unjust ;  for,  whatever  may  be  thought  of  his  own  manage- 
ment, the  troops  he  had  directed  deserved  the  praise  that  General  Gage 
gave  them  when  he  said,  ''  Briti-ih  valor  had  never  been  more  conspicuous 
than  in  this  action."  From  his  eyes  the  scales  seemed  to  have  fallen  at  last ; 
and  closely  beleaguered  still,  even  after  the  victory  he  claimed,  he  acknow- 
ledged that  the  people  of  Nt:w-England  were  not  "  the  despicable  rabble 
they  had  sometimes  been  represented,"  and  recognized  that  an  ofieusive 
campaion  here  was  not  possible. 

The  shrewd  Count  Vergcnnes,  who,  in  the  hour  of  the  humiliation  of 
France  by  the  loss  of  her  cohmial  possessions,  had  predicted  that  she  would 
be  avenged  by  those  ^  hose  hands  had  largely  wrought  it,  and  that  as  the 


1875.]  Mr,  Devenss  Oration  in  Charlestoion.  409 

colonics  no  longer  needed  the  protection  of  Great  Britain,  they  would  end 
by  shakiiip:  otiuU  dopcndeucc  upon  her,  was  now  the  French  Minister  of 
Foreign  Atlairs,  and  kt-cnly  remarked  tliat  '•  if  it  won  two  more  8uch  vic- 
ton'""!  as  it  had  von  a.t  Bunker  Hill,  there  would  be  uo  British  army  in 
America." 

Thij  battle  of  Bunker  Hill  had  con:Tolidated  the  Revolution.  Had  the 
result  been-ditlerent ;  had  it  been  shown  that  the  hasty,  ill-<li.-.ciplincd  levies 
of  Isew-Euijland  could  not  stand  before  the  troops  of  the  King  (or  tho 
ministerial  troops,  as  our  olficial  documents  called  them)  ;  had  the  easy  vic- 
tory over  them,  which  had  been  foolishly  promised,  been  weakly  conceded, — 
the  cause  of  independence  might  have  been  indetinitcly  {)Ostponed.  Nay,  it 
is  not  impossible  that  armed  resistance  niight  fur  the  time  have  ended,  and 
that  other  colonies  not  so  deeply  involved  in  tho  contest  might  have  extri- 
cated themselves,  each  making  such  terms  as  it  pleased  or  as  it  could.  But 
the  coolness  and  splendid  valor  with  which  the  best  troops  then  known,  had 
been  met,  the  repulses  which  they  had  again  and  again  encountered,  the 
bloody  and  fearful  cost  at  which  they  had  tinally  carried  the  coveted  point 
that  their  opponents  had  yielded  only  when  ammunition  utterly  failed,  had 
shown  that  the  yeomanry  of  New-England  were  the  true  descendants  of  that 
race  who,  on  the  battle-tields  of  England,  had  stood  against  and  triumphed 
uvci  IwLag  CLiaiica  aud  Lis  Cvivaliei's.  •"  Neu-Euglau(l  alonc,"  said  John 
Adams,  '"can  maintain  this  war  for  years."  lie  was  right;  the  divi.-ious 
that  existed  elsewliere  were  practically  unkno'mi  here  ;  no  matter  what 
colonies  hesitated  or  doubted,  her  path  was  straightforward,  and  her  goal 
was  independence.  "While  her  colonies  deferred  to  the  Continental  Con- 
gress the  form  of  government  they  should  adopt,  each  had  taken  into  its 
own  hands  all  the  powers  that  rightfully  belong  to  sovereign  States,  and 
exercised  them  through  its  provincial  Congress  and  its  committees.  Heartily 
desiring  and  eagerly  looking  forward  to  a  union  of  the  colonies,  she  hail 
settled  that  in  her  local  atlliirs  she  was  competent  to  govern  herself:  this 
she  had  maintained  tha:  day  in  arms,  and  her  period  of  vassiilage  was  over. 

Willingly  would  I  pursue  the  theme  further,  but  the  limits  which  custom 
prescribes  for  an  address  of  this  nature  are  too  narrow  to  permit  this  ;  you 
know  well  the  years  of  doubt,  anxiety,  and  struggle  that  succeeded,  but  be- 
fore we  part  something  should  be  said  of  those  that  have  passed  since  their 
triumphant  close. 

I  have  forborne  to  speak  of  the  causes  which  led  to  the  American  Kevo- 
lution.  They  have  recently  been  so  carefclly  and  ably  analyzed  by  the 
distinguished  orators  who  aided  in  the  celebrations  at  Concord  and  Lexing- 
ton, that  I  have  preferred  to  devote  a  few  moments  to  a  considei-ation  of 
some  of  its  ejects,  by  which  the  propriety  and  wisdom  of  such  a  movement 
in  humau  affairs  must  always  be  eventually  tested. 

That  the  formation  and  adoption  of  the  Constitution  of  the  Unite<l  States 
has  been  to  us,  since  our  independence  was  finally  achieved,  the  great  event 
of  the  century,  must  be  universally  conceded.  It  was  the  great  good  fortune 
and  the  crowning  triumph  of  the  statesmen  who  guided  us  through  the  He- 
volution,  that  they  lived  long  enough  to  embody  its  results  in  a  permanent 
and  durable  form,  for  it  is  harder  to  secure  tlie  fruits  of  a  victory  than  to 
win  the  victory  itself.  Many  a  day  of  triumph  upon  the  field  has  been  but 
a  day  of  carnage  and  of  empty  glory,  barren  in  all  that  was  valuable ;  and 
the  victories  that  have  been  won  upon  the  political  field  are  no  exceptions 
to  the  rule,  with  which  history  teems  with  illustrations. 

Our  ancient  ally,  whose  services  during  the  last  years  of  our  war  were 


410  JSIr.  Devens's  Oration  in  Charlestoion.  [Oct. 

of  60  much  value  to  our  exhausted  treasury  and  arrriies,  and  whose  prift  of 
the  gonerou?  and  chiv.-ilric  Lafayette  at  its  opening  was  almost  equally  {)re- 
cious,  jKijS'.'d  a  few  years  later  than  we  through  its  own  des[»orate  stru'j'jle; 
yet,  •although  that  tierce  tide  swept  in  a  sea  of  tire  and  blood  over  all  the 
tn^'.cn!  Ti^t:lul,o:.o  -A  the  uiouurehy,  how  impossible  it  has  proved  to  thij 
day  for  France  to  supply  the  place  of  the  government  which  it  so  sternly 
overthrew  with  one  thoroughly  permanent,  giving  peace  and  security  !  lie- 
public,  Directory,  Consulate,  Empire,  Kingdom,  liave  had  their  turn ;  dy- 
nasty after  dynasty,  faction  after  faction,  have  asserted  their  sway  over  her. 

For  a  government  under  the  constitutions  of  the  several  States,  and 
under  that  of  the  United  States,  this  people  was  prepared  alilie  by  its 
previous  history  and  by  that  which  followed  its  separation  from  Britain. 
It  was  the  legitimate  outgrowth  of  experience,  and  cot  a  government  framed, 
like  those  of  the  Abbe  Sieyes  at  the  end  of  their  Kevolutiun,  for  the 
French,  by  the  aid  of  philosophic  speculation,  and  on  the  basis  of  that 
which  should  be,  and  not  of  that  which  was.  "Wliile  the  colonies,  by 
means  of  their  representative  and  legislative  systems,  had  been  accus- 
tomed to  deal  with  their  local  atfair.s,  and  impose  their  local  taxation, 
and  had  successfully  resisted  the  attempt  to  interfere  with  these  rights,  yet, 
from  the  relation  they  had  also  been  accustomed  to  sustain  toward  Britain, 
it  was  not  to  them  a  novel  id^a  th-xt  two  covomments,  each  complete  and 
supreme  within  its  sphere,  might  coexist,  the  one  controlling  the  local  atlairs 
of  each  iudividurJ  Siate,  while  the  other  exercised  its  powers  over  all  in 
their  intercourse  with  each  other  and  with  foreign  nations. 

Painfully  conscious  of  their  weakness,  the  desire  for  a  union  of  all  had 
gone  hand  in  hand  with  the  desire  of  each  to  preserve  its  own  separate 
organization.  The  first  Continental  Congress  had  not  exercised  political 
authority ;  it  had  assembled  only  on  behalf  of  the  United  Colonies  to  peti- 
tion and  remonstrate  against  the  various  arbitrary  acts  of  the  Briti.-.h  Gov- 
ernment. Those  which  followed,  however,  with  patriotic  courage  had  bold- 
ly seized  the  highest  powers  ;  yet,  as  they  could  exercise  such  powers  ouly 
so  fii,r  as  each  State  gave  its  assent  and  sustained  them,  the  necessary  result 
followed  that  their  decrees  were  often  feebly  executed,  and  sometimes  utter- 
ly disregarded.  Later  in  the  war  the  Confederation  had  followed,  by  which 
it  had  been  sought  to  lix  more  definitely  the  relation  of  the  States  by  giving 
mori  determinate  authority  to  the  Congress,  and  to  rescue  the  country  from 
the  financial  ruin  which  had  overtaken  it. 

But  the  powers  of  the  Congress  of  the  Confederation,  like  those  of  the 
Continental  Congress,  were  such  as  were  consistent  only  with  a  league  of 
sovereign-  and  independent  States,  and  were  in  their  exercise  less  etucacious, 
because  they  had  been  carefully  detined  and  limited.  The  Confederation 
did  not  constitute  a  government ;  it  did  not  assume  to  act  upon  the  people, 
but  upon  the  several  States ;  and  upon  them  no  means  existed  of  enforcing 
its  requisitions  and  decrees,  or  of  compelUng  them  to  the  performance  of 
the  treaties  it  might  make  or  the  obligations  it  might  incur.  Among  allied 
powers,  from  the  nature  of  the  case,  there  is  no  mode  of  enforcing  the 
agreement  of  alliance  except  by  war. 

The  great  work  of  achieving  independence  had,  however,  been  completed 
by  the  Confederation  in  spite  of  all  its  weakness  and  inherent  defects. 
These  were,  however,  more  clearly  seen  when  the  sense  of  an  immediate 
and  common  danger,  and  the  cohesive  pressure  of  war,  were  withdrawn. 
A  mere  aggregation  of  States  coiJd  not  take  its  place  among  the  peofdes 
of  tlie  world.     A  national  sovereignty  was  needed,  capable  of  establisliing 


1S75.]  3Ir.  Devens's  Oration  in  Chaylestown.  411 

a  financial  system  of  its  own,  of  raising  money  for  its  own  support  by  taxa- 
tion or  regulations  of  trade,  of  forming  treaties  witli  suflicient  po^ver  to 
execute  them,  of  insuring  order  in  every  State,  of  brin^nng  each  State  into 
proper  relnHonR  with  the  otliers,  and  able,  if  need  be,  to  declare  war  or 
maintain  peace, — a  sovereignty  whicli  should  act  directly  on  the  people 
themselves  in  the  exercise  of  all  it^  rightful  powers,  and  not  through  the 
intervention  of  the  States. 

The  years  of  unexampled  depression  which  followed  peace  with  Britain 
were  not  attributable  only  to  the  exhaustion  of  war  :  the  impo^.siljility  of 
establishing  a  financial  or  a  commercial  system,  the  sense  of  insecurity  that 
prevailed,  paralyzed  industry  and  enterprise.  Already  jarrings  and  contests 
between  the  several  States  presaged  the  danger  which  had  destroyed  the  re- 
publics of  Greece  and  those  of  Italy  daring  the  Middle  Ages  ;  already  civil  dis- 
cord, which,  although  suppressed,  had  thrown  the  State  temj)orarily  into  con- 
fusion-, had  made  its  ap[)earance  in  Massachusetts  ;  already  doubts  began  to 
be  expressed,  even  by  some  who  had  been  ardent  in  the  patriotic  cause, 
whether  they  had  been  wise  to  separate  from  a  government  which,  even  if 
monarchical,  was  Ftri')ng  and  able  to  defend  and  protect  its  subjects  ;  and  it 
had  come  to  be  realized  that  there  must  be  somewhere  a  controlling  power 
competent  to  maintain  peace  between  the  States,  and  to  guarantee  to  each 
the  security  of  its  own  go\ernment. 

The  Convention  which  met  at  Philadelphia  in  1787,  gave  these  States  a 
government,  and  made  them  a  nation;  and  while  I  know  to  that  which  is 
impersonal  there  is  wanting  much  of  the  ardor  that  personal  loyalty  inspires, 
yet,  so  far  as  there  may  be  warmth  in  the  devotion  we  cherish  for  an  insti- 
tution, it  should  awaken  at  the  mention  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States.  The  noble  preamble  declares  by  whom  it  is  made,  and  defines  its 
jmrposes :  "  "\Ye,  the  people  of  the  United  States,  in  order  to  form  a  more 
perfect  union,  establish  justice,  insure  domestic  tranquillity,  provide  for  the 
common  defence,  promote  the  general  welfare,  and  secure  the  blessings  of 
liberty  to  ourselves  and  our  posterity,  do  ordain  and  establish  this  Consti- 
tution for  the  United  States  of  America."  In  the  largest  measure  it  has 
fulfilled  these  objects  :  and  the  judgment  and  far-seeing  wisdom  with  which 
its  founders  met  the  diflicidties  before  them  more  and  more  challenges  our 
admiration  as  the  years  advance  and  the  republic  extends. 

Formed  by  men  who  differed  widely  in  their  views, — some  who  clung  re- 
solutely still  to  the  idea  that  it  was  dangerous  to  the  liberties  of  the  S:ates 
to  constitute  an  efficient  central  power,  and  others  who,  like  Hamilton, 
preferred  a  consolidated  government  whose  model  should  be  the  British 
Constitution, — it  might  easily  have  been  that  a  government  so  framed  should 
have  been  a  patchwork  of  incongruities,  whose  discordant  and  irreconcilable 
provisions  would  have  revealed  alternately  the  iuHaence  of  either  0[>inion. 
Yet,  differing  although  they  did,  they  we're  statesmen  still,  and,  educated 
in  the  rougli  school  of  adversity  aiid  trial,  they  realized  that  a  government 
must  be  constructed  capable  alike  of  daily  efficient  practical  operation,  and 
of  adapting  itself  to  the  constantly  varying  exigencies  in  which  sovereign 
States  must  act.  How  doubtful  they  were  of  their  success,  how  nobly 
they  succeeded  in  the  government  they  made,  to-day  we  know. 

We  have  seen  its  vast  capacity  for  expansion  as  it  has  received  under  the 
shield,  on  which  are  emblazoned  the  arms  of  the  Union,  State  after  State, 
as  it  has  arisen  in  what  was  on  the  day  of  its  formation  the  untrodden  wilder- 
ness, and  advanced  to  the  blessings  of  liberty  and  civilization  ;  we  have 
recognized  the  Hexibiiity  it  possesses  in  leaving  to  the  States  materially 


412  3Tr.  Dcvens's  Oration  in  Charlestoicn.  [Oct. 

diflToritifj  in  local  chfiro.otiristics  and  interests  tho  control  and  managomont 
of  their  imineJiatc  alHiIis  ;  and  wo  liavo  known  its  capacity  to  vindicate 
itself  iu  tlie  wilde'^t  storm  of  civil  conunotion. 

Let  u.s  guard  this  Union  well  ;  for  as  njion  it  all  that  is  glorious  in  the 
i  :.:it  icj  rc.iLia_,  o^  u^o4t  ii,  uii  our  hopes  in  iho  future  are  fcninded.  Let  us 
demraid,  of  those  who  are  to  administer  its  great  j)Owers,  purity,  disin- 
terested uess,  devotion  to  well-settled,  c;irefully  considered  principles  and 
convictions.  Let  us  cherish  the  homely  but  manly  virtues  of  the  men  who 
for  it  met  the  storm  of  war  in  behalf  of  a  government  and  a  country,  their 
simple  fliith  in  what  was  just  and  right,  that  found  its  root  in  their  unswerv- 
ing belief  iu  something  higher  than  mere  human  guidance.  Let  us  encou- 
rage that  universal  education,  that  ditfusion  of  knowledge,  which  everywhere 
oppose  themselves  as  b-.irriers,  steadily  and  lirmly,  alike  .to  plunder  and 
fraud,  to  disorder  and  turbulence.  Above  all  let  us  strive  to  maintain  and 
renew  the  fraternal  feeling  which  should  exist  between  all  the  States  of  the 
Union. 

We  will  not  pretend  that  the  trial  through  which  we  have  passed  has 
faded  either  from  our  hearts  or  memories;  yet  no  one  will,  1  tinast,  believe 
tliat  ]  would  rudely  rake  open  the  smouhlering  embers  that  all  would  gladly 
wish  to  see  extinguished  forever,  or  that,  deejily  as  I  feel  our  great  and 
solemn  obligations  to  those  who  preserved,  ami  defended  the  Union,  I  would 
speak  one  word  except  with  respect  and  in  kindness  even  to  those  who 
assailed  it,  yet  who  have  now  submitted  to  its  power. 

In  the  L'nion  two  classes  of  States  had  their  place  differing  radically  in 
this,  that  in  the  one  the  system  of  sla%-ery  existed.  It  was  a  difficulty  which 
the  fathers  could  not  eliminate  from  the  proVdem  before  them.  Thev  dealt 
with  it  with  all  the  wisdom  and  foresight  they  possessed.  Stroui^lv  im- 
pressed in  their  belief  of  the  equal  rights  of  man,  for  their  discussions  had 
compelled  them  to  deal  with  fundamental  principles,  they  were  not  so  desti- 
tute of  philosophy  that  they  did  not  see  that  what  they  demanded  for  them- 
selve-  should  be  accordal  to  others  ;  and,  believing  that  the  whole  system 
w  ould  fade  before  tho  noble  influence  of  free  government  as  a  dark  cloud  melts 
and  drifts  away,  they  watched,  and  with  jealous  care,  that  when  that  day 
came  the  instrument  they  signed  should  bear  no  trace  of  its  existence.  It  was 
not  tluis  to  be,  and  the  system  has  passed  away  in  the  tempest  of  battle 
and   .mid  the  clang  of  arms. 

The  conflict  is  over,  the  race  long  subject  is  restored  to  liberty,  and  the 
nation  has  had  "  under  God  a  new  birth  of  freedom."  No  executions,  no 
harsh  punishments  have  sullie<i  the  conclusion ;  day  by  day  the  material 
evidences  of  war  fade  from  our  sight,  the  bastions  sink  to  the  level  of  the 
ground  which  surrounded  them,  scarp  and  counter-scarp  meet  in  the  ditch 
which  divided  them.  So  let  them  pass  away  forever.  The  contest  is 
marked  distinctly  only  by  tJie  changes  in  the  organic  laws  of  the  Constitu- 
tion, which  embody  in  more  definite  forms  the  immortal  truths  of  the  De- 
claration of  Independence.  That  these  include  more  than  its  logical  and 
necessary  results  cannot  f  lirly  be  contended.  Did  I  believe  that  they  em- 
braced more  than  these,  did  I  find  in  that  great  instrument  any  changes 
wliich  should  place  or  seek  to  place  one  State  above  another,  or  above 
another  class  of  States,  so  as  to  mark  a  victory  of  sections  or  localities,  I 
could  not  rejoice,  for  I  should  know  that  we  had  planted  the  seeds  of 
"  unnumbered  woes." 

To-day  it  is  the  liighest  duty  of  all,  no  matter  on  what  side  they  were, 
but,  above  all,  of  those  who  have   struggled  for  the  preservation  of  the 


1875.]  Mr.  Devens's  Oration  in  Charlestoton.  413 

Union,  to  strive  that  it  become  oue  of  generous  cot>ri<.Ience,  in  wliich  all  tho 

States  shall,  as  of  old,  stainl  slioulJer  to  sliould'jr  if  need  lie,  against  the 
.  \vorld  in  arms.  Toward  those  with  whom  we  were  lately  in  conflict,  and 
vhn  rero'-^'nizc  ♦'.:■'  t''3  3(\;;ilts  aiu  Lo  bo  iicpL  iuviol.ue,  there  biiuuld  be  no 
feeling  of  resentment  or  bitterness.  To  the  necessity  of  events  they  have 
sub'nittod;  to  the  chaiigos  in  the  constitution  they  have  asaent(d  ;  we  c:ui- 
DOt  and  wo  do  not  think  so  basely  or  so  meanly  of  them  as  to  believe  that 
they  have  done  so  except  generously  and  without  mental  reservation. 

\Ve  know  that  it  is  not  easy  to  readjust  all  the  relations  of  society  wliCTi 
one  form  is  suddenly  swept  away,  that  the  sword  does  its  work  rudely,  and 
not  with  that  gradual  preparation  which  attends  the  changes  of  peace.  "NVe 
realize  that  there  are  dituculties  and  distrusts  not  to  be  rcmovc<l  at  once 
between  those  who  have  been  masters  and  slaves;  yet  there  are  none  which 
will  not  ultimately  disappear.  All  true  men  are  with  the  South  in  demand- 
ing for  her  peace,  order,  honest  and  good  government,  and  encouraging  her 
in  the  work  of  rebuilding  all  that  has  been  made  desolate.  "NVe  need  not 
doubt  the  issue  ;  she  will  not  stand  as  the  "Niobe  of  nations,"  lamenting  her 
sad  fate ;  she  will  not  look  back  to  deplore  a  past  which  cannot  and  should 
not  return ;  but  with  the  fire  of  her  ancient  courage  she  will  gird  herself  up 
to  the  emergencies  of  her  new  situation,  she  will  ifnite  her  people  by  the 
bonds  of  thac  mutual  confidence  which  their  mutual  interests  demand,  and 
renew  her  former  prosperity  and  her  rightful  influence  in  the  Union. 

Fellow-citizens,  we  starid  to-day  on  a  great  battle-field  iu  honor  of  the 
patriotism  and  valor  of  those  who  fought  upon  it.  It  is  the  step  which  they 
made  in  the  world's  history  we  would  seek  to  commemorate ;  it  is  the  ex- 
ample which  they  have  offered  us  we  would  seek  to  imitate.  The  wise  and 
thoughtful  men  who  directed  this  controversy  knew  well  that  it  is  by  the 
wars  personal  ambition  h.is  stimulated,  by  the  armies  whose  force  has  been 
wielded  alike  for  domestic  oppression  or  foreign  conquest,  that  the  sway  of 
despots  has  been  so  "widely  maintained.  They  had  no  love  for  war  or  any 
of  its  works,  but  they  were  ready  to  meet  its  dangers  in  their  attachment  to 
the  cause  of  civil  and  religious  liberty.  They  desired  to  found  no  Roman 
republic,  '*  whose  banners,  fanned  by  conquest's  crimson  wing,"  should  float 
victorious  over  prostrate  nations,  but  one  where  the  serene  beauty  of  the 
arts  of  peace  should  put  to  shame  the  strifes  that  have  impoverished  peoples 
and  degraded  nations.  To-day  let  us  rejoice  in  the  liberty  which  they  have 
gained  for  us  ;  but  let  no  utterances  but  those  of  peace  salute  our  ears,  no 
thoughts  but  those  of  peace  animate  our  hearts. 

Above  the  plains  of  Marathon,  even  now,  as  the  Grecian  shepherd  watches 
over  his  flocks,  he  fancies  that  the  skies  sometimes  are  filled  with  lurid  light 
and  that  in  the  clouds  above  are  re-enacted  the  scenes  of  that  great  day 
when,  on  the  field  below,  Greece  maintained  her  freedom  against  the  hordes 
who  had  assailed  her.  Again  seem  to  come  in  long  array,  "  rich  vrith  bar- 
baric pearl  and  gold,"  the  turbaned  ranks  of  the  Persian  host,  aiid  the  air  is 
filled  with  the  clang  of  sword  and  shield,  as  again  the  fiery  Greek  seems  to 
throw  himself  upon  and  drive  before  him  his  foreign  invader;  shadows  al- 
though all  are  that  flit  in  wild,  confused  masses  along  the  spectral  sky. 

Abo\  e  the  field  where  we  stand,  even  in  the  wildest  dream,  may  no  such 
scenes  ofiend  the  calmness  of  the  upper  air,  but  may  the  staro  look  forever 
down  upon  prosperity  and  peac-e,  upon  the  bay  studded  with  its  white-winged 
ships,  upon  the  populous  and  far  extending  city,  with  its  marts  of  commerce, 
it3  palaces  of  inriustry,  its  temples,  where  each  man  may  worship  according 
to  his  ovra  conscience ;  and,  as  the  continent  shall  pass  beneath  their  steady 

fOL.  XXIX.  36 


^14  Mr.  Devenss  Oration  in  Charlestown.  [Oct. 

rr\ys,  mn  j  the  niillions  of  hnppy  liome3  attest  a  land  where  the  benign  in- 
lluenco  of  free  governuiutit  lias  l)rou'^ht  Lappliio^s  and  contcutnicnt.  v,lu.-re 
labor  is  rewarded,  whore  manhood  is  lionoicd,  and  where  vu'tue  and  religion 
r.ro  revered  ! 

Pear'o  forever  with  the  great  country  from  which  the  day  we  commemo- 
rate did  so  much  rudely  to  dissever  us  !  If  th.ere  were  in  that  time,  or  if 
there  have  been  since,  many  things  which  we  could  have  wished  otherwise, 
we  can  ea>jily  aiTord  to  let  them  pass  into  oblivion.  But  we  do  not  forget 
in  the  struggle  of  the  Kevolutiou  how  many  of  her  statesmen  stood  forth  to 
assert  the  justice  of  our  cause,  and  to  demand  for  us  the  rights  of  which  we 
had  been  deprived  until  the  celebrated  address  was  passed  which  declared 
that  the  House  of  Comnions  would  consider  as  enemies  to  the  King  atid 
country  all  those  who  would  further  attempt  the  prosecution  of  a  war  on  the 
continent  of  America  for  the  purpose  of  reducing  the  American  colonies  to 
obedience. 

From  her  we  have  drawn  the  great  body  of  laws  which,  modified  and 
adapted  to  our  diiFeront  situation,  protect  us  to-day  in  cur  property,  its 
descent,  possession,  and  transmission,  and  which  guard  our  dearer  personal 
rights  hy  the  haheas  corpus  and  the  trial  by  jury.  They  were  our  country- 
men who  from  the  days  of  ICini:  John  to  those  of  George  ]II.  have  made 
ui  her  a  hiuu  in  wiucii  "  ireedom  lias  broadened  slowly  down  from  precedent 
to  precedent." 

It  was  si  e  that  had  placed  her  foot  upon  the  "divine  right  of  kings,"  and 
solemnly  maintained  that  governments  exist  only  by  consent  of  the  governed, 
when  in  1  CSS  she  changed  the  succession  to  the  British  crowTi,  and  caused 
her  rulers  to  reign  thereafter  by  a  statute  of  Parliament. 

Fron;  her  we  leanied  tlie  great  lessons  of  constitutional  liberty  which  as 
against  her  we  resolutely  asserted.  There  was  no  colony  of  any  other  king- 
dom of  Europe  that  would  have  dreamed  of  demanding  as  rights  those  things 
which  our  fathers  deemed  their  inheritance  a?  Englishmen,  none  that  would 
not  have  yielded  unhesitatingly  to  any  ipjuaction  of  the  parent  State. 
Whatever  diiierences  have  been  or  may  hereafter  come,  let  us  remember 
still  that  we  are  the  only  two  great  distinctly  settled  free  governments,  and 
that  the  noble  English  tongue  in  which  we  speak  alike  is  "  the  language  of 
freemen  throughout  the  world." 

Above  all,  may  there  be  peace  forever  among  the  States  of  this  Union  ! 
"  The  blood  spilt  here,"  said  Washington  upon  the  place  where  we  stand, 
"  roused  the  whole  American  people,  and  united  them  in  defence  of  their 
rights, — that  Union  w  ill  never  be  broken."  Prophecies  may  be  made  to 
work  their  own  fulfllmeut ;  and,  whatever  may  have  been  our  trials  and  our 
difilcukies,  let  us  spr.re  no  etTorts  that  this  shall  be  realized.  Achieving  our 
independence  by  a  common  struggle,  endowed  to-day  with  common  institu- 
tions, we  see  even  raoro  clearly  than  before  that  the  States  of  this  Union 
have  before  them  a  common  destiny. 

We  hcve  commenced  here  in  Massachusetts  the  celebration  of  that  series 
of  events  v.'hich  made  of  us  a  nation;  and  let  each,  as  it  approaches  in  the 
centennial  cycle,  serve  to  kindle  anew  the  fires  of  patriotism.  Let  us  meet 
on  the  fields  v/here  our  fathers  fought,  and  where  they  lie,  whether  they  fell 
with  the  stern  joy  of  victory  irratUating  their  countenances,  or  in  the  gloomy 
hours  of  disaster  and  defeat.  Alike  in  remembrance  of  Saratoga  and  York- 
town,  and  of  the  dreary  winter  of  Valley  Forge,  at  Trenton  and  Princeton, 
and  at  the  snots  immortalized  in  the  bloody  campaign  of  the  Jerseys,  at 
King's  Mouatain  and  Charleston,  at  Camden  and  Guiliord  Court  House, 


J875.]  Mr.  Devenss  Oration  in  Charlestown.  415 

and  along  the  track  of  the  steadily  fighting,  slowly  retreating  Greene  through 

the  Carol in;i3. 

Above  all,  at  the  city  from  which  went  forth  the  Declaration  that  we 
were,  and  of  riirht  ou[,'lit  to  bo  a  free  and  iiidopeudont  nation,  let  us  gutlier, 
and,  by  tlie  sacred  memories  of  thtj  groat  departed,  pledgii  ourselves  to  trans- 
mit unt.irulslied  the  lieritage  they  have  left  us. 

The  soldiers  of  the  Revolution  are  gone,  tlie  statesmen  who  embodied 
their  work  in  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  have  passed  away. 
With  tbeai,  too,  sleep  those  who  in  the  earlier  days  watched  the  develop- 
ment of  this  wondrous  frame  of  government. 

The  mighty  master  of  thought  and  speech,'  by  v/hose  voice  fifty  years  ago 
was  dedicated  the  Monument  at  whose  base  we  stand,  and  whose  noble 
argument  that  the  Constitution  is  not  a  comprxct,  but  a  law,  by  its  nature 
supreme  and  peqietual,  won  for  him  the  proud  name  of  the  Expounder  of 
the  Constitution,  rests  with  those  whose  work  he  so  nobly  vindicated,  happy 
at  least  that  his  eyes  were  not  permitted  to  behold  the  sad  sight  of  States 
"  discordant,  belligerent,  and  drenched  in  fraternal  blood." 

The  lips  of  him-  who  twenty-live  years  ago  commemorated  this  anniversary 
with  that  surpassing  grace  and  eloquence  all  his  own,  and  with  that  spirit 
of  pure  patriotism  in  which  we  may  strive  at  least  to  imitate  him,  are  silent 
now.  1"'^''T':''^i""''.t  th:  c:''.. el  years  of  v.ar  that  clarion  voice,  sweet  yet  far 
resounding,  summoned  his  countrymen  to  the  struggle  on  which  our  Union 
depended ;  yet  the  last  time  that  it  waked  the  echoes  of  the  ancient  hall 
dedicated  to  liberty,  even  while  the  retiring  storm  yet  thundered  along  the 
horizon,  was,  as  he  would  have  wished  it  should  have  been,  in  love  and 
charity  to  the  distressed  people  of  the  South. 

But,  although  they  have  passed  beyond  the  veil  which  separates  the  un- 
seen world  from  mortal  gaze,  the  lessons  wliich  they  have  left  remain, 
adjuring  us  whatever  may  have  been  the  perils,  the  discords,  the  sorrows  of 
the  past,  to  struggle  always  for  that  "  more  perfect  Union  "  ordained  by  the 
Constitution.  Here,  at  least,  however  poor  and  inadequate  for  an  occasion 
that  rises  so  vast  and  grand  above  us  oiu-  words  may  be,  none  shall  be 
uttered  that  are  not  in  regard  and  love  to  all  of  our  fellow-citizens,  no  feel- 
ings indulged  except  those  of  anxious  desire  for  their  prosperity  and 
happiness. 

Beside  those  of  New-England,  we  are  gratified  to-day  by  the  presence  of 
military  organizations  from  New- York  and  Pennsylvania,  from  Maryland, 
Virginia,  and  South  Carolma,  as  well  as  by  that  of  distinguished  citizens 
from  these  and  other  States  of  the  Union.  Their  fathers  were  ancient 
friends  of  Massachusetts ;  it  was  the  inspiration  they  gave  which  strength- 
ened thu  hearts  and  nerved  the  arm  of  every  man  of  New-England.  In 
every  proper  and  larger  sense  the  soil  upon  which  their  sons  stand  to-day  is 
theirs  as  much  as  otirs ;  and,  wherever  there  may  have  been  estrangement, 
here  at  least  we  have  met  upon  comraon  ground.  They  unite  with  us  in 
recognition  of  the  great  principles  of  civil  and  religious  Uberty,  and  in  pious 
memory  of  those  who  vindicated  them :  they  join  with  us  in  the  wish  to 
make  of  this  regenerated  Union  a  power  grander  and  more  august  than  its 
founders  dared  to  hope. 

Standing  always  in  generous  remembrance  of  every  section  of  the  Union, 
neither  now  nor  hereaiter  will  we  distinguish  between  States  or  sections  in 
our  anxiety  for  the  glory  and  happiness  of  all.  To-day  upon  the  verge  of 
the  centuries,  as  together  we  look  back  upon  that  which  is  gone  in  deep  and 

'  Daniel  "Webster.  *  Edward  Ererett. 


416  Prof.  Pcahodifs  Oration  in  Cambridge.  [Oct. 

heartfelt  gratitude  for  the  prosperity  so  largely  enjoyed  by  us,  so  toi^ether 
will  we  look  forward  serenely  aiul  '.vith  coiiHdt"^ucc  to  that  which  is  advanc- 
ing. Together  will  we  utter  our  solemu  aspirations  in  the  spirit  of  the  motto 
of  the  city  which  now  incloses  within  its  limits  the  battle-field  and  the  town 
for  which  It  was  fought:  "As  God  was.  to  our  fathers,  so  may  He  be 
to  us ! " 


AN  ORATION'  OX  THE  ONE  HUNDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY 

OF  WASHINGTON'S  TAKING   COMMAND  OF  THE 

CONTINENTAL  ARMY,  JULY  3,  1775. 

By  Prof.  AxDREW  P.  Peabodt,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  of  Cambridge,  Mass. 

AlTHEN  it  was  proposed  to  give  a  place  to  this  epoch  in  the  series  of 
f  V  centennials,  my  lirst  thought  was  that  Lexington,  Concord,  lUmker 
Hill,  in  so  recent  memory,  and  the  already  glowing  work  of  preparation  for 
the  country's  hundredth  birthday,  would  so  dwarf  and  chill  our  celebration 
"here  r^.=?  to  maks  it  ta-vjrt;Ij  u,  Lditicaa  municipal  parade,  iiut  the  occasion 
Las  grown  upon  me.  I  see  and  feel  that  it  holds  the  foremost  place  in  the 
series.  It  ha  i  paramount  claims,  not  on  us  or  our  State,  but  on  our  whole 
people.  TVe  might  rightfully  have  niade  our  arrangements,  not  for  a  local, 
bat  for  a  national  festival.  "We  commemorate  the  epoch  but  for  which  Lex- 
ington, Concord.  Bunker  Hill  would  have  left  in  our  history  hardly  a  trace, 
probably  not  a  single  name,  and  the  centennial  of  our  independence  woidd 
remain  for  a  generation  not  yet  upon  the  stage  to  celebrate. 

Cambridge  was  the  first  capital  of  our  infant  republic,  the  cradle  of  our 
nascent  liberty,  the  hearth  of  our  kindling  patriotism.  Before  the  3d  of 
July,  1775,  there  were  tumults,  conflicts,  bold  plans,  rash  enterprises ;  but 
there  was  no  coordinating  and  controlling  will,  purpose,  or  authority.  On 
and  from  that  day  the  colonies  were  virtually  one  people.  Before,  they  had 
nothing  in  common  but  their  grievances.  They  were  as  yet  British  pro- 
vinces,— though  wrenching  the  cords  that  held  them,  still  undetached,  and 
wit :  no  mode  of  action  upon  or  with  one  another.  By  adopting  the  army 
and  choosing  its  head  they  performed  their  first  act,  not  of  alliance,  but  of 
organic  unity,  and  became  a  nation  unawares,  while  they  thought  themselves 
still  wronged  and  suppliant  dependencies  of  the  British  crown.  They  thus 
■decided  the  question  between  a  worse  than  unsuccessful  rebellion  and 
revolution. 

That  the  rebellion,  as  such,  would  have  been  an  utter  failure,  is  only  too 
•certain.  The  American  party  in  England  had  on  its  side  eloquence,  indeed, 
and  %risdom,  but  neither  numerical  force  in  Parliament,  nor  the  power  to 
mollify  ministeri^J  obstinacy,  or  to  penetrate  with  a  sense  of  right  the  crass 
•stupidity  on  the  throne.  Boston  was  held  by  disciplined,  thoroughly  armed 
.and  well-fed  troops,  under  otHcers  of  approved  skill  and  prowess,  strongly 
entrenched  and  fortified  at  accessible  points,  and  sustained  by  a  formidable 
naval  force.  Hardly  one  in  fifty  of  the  colonial  army  had  had  any  ex- 
perience in  war,  and  I  doubt  whether  there  was  a  single  man  among  them, 
officer  or  private,  who  was  a  soldier  by  profession.     They  had  come  from 

>  Delivered  before  the  city  authorities  of  Cambridge,  Mass.,  July  3,  1875.  Printed  by 
permission. 


1875.]  Prof.  Peahody's  Oration  in  Cambridge.  417 

the  farm  and  the  forge,  with  such  arms  and  equipments  as  they  could  bring; 
they  had  no  buiL'au  of  supply,  no  military  che?t,  no  organized  commissariat, 
and  their  stock  of  ammuiiilion  was  so  slender  that  it  was  ordered  by  the 
Provincial  T'oiMTrf^'^  tlint  no  salute  slionld  Iio  f'rcd  on  the  reccfition  of  the 
commander-in-chief.  They  were  from  four  different  provinces,  under  as 
many  general?,  with  sectional  jealousies  which  the  common  cause  could 
hardly  keep  at  bay ;  and  luiruionions  counsels  could  be  maintainod  or  ex- 
pected only  and  scarcely  at  nic^ments  of  imminent  peril.  At  Bunker  Hill 
they  had  shown  both  their  strength  and  their  weakness,  th.eir  unsurpassed 
courage  and  their  poverty  of  resource.  Superior  in  the  conflict,  overwhelm- 
ing the  enemy  with  the  shame  and  disaster  of  a  signal  defeat,  they  had  been 
compelled  to  yield  the  ground  on  which  they  had  won  imperishable  glory, 
and  to  see  the  heights  they  had  so  bravely  defended  occupied  by  a  hostile 
battery.  They  held  Boston  beleaguered  by  the  prestige  of  that  day,  too 
feeble  to  press  the  siege,  yet,  as  they  had  well  proved,  too  strong  to  be  dis- 
lodged and  scattered,  but  by  the  disintegrating  elements  in  their  own  un- 
organized body.  These  elements  were  already  at  work,  and  the  secesoion 
of  even  a  single  regiment  would  have  been  the  signal  for  speedy  dissolution 
and  submission  to  the  royal  government. 

This  precarious  condition  of  affairs  was  beyond  the  remedial  authority  of 
the  indlviJa::.!  prov;;;,:cGo.  ^iLiisuchusetts  cuuld  chuoa«^  a  gt:nei:tl  for  her  own 
troops,  but  could  not  place  the  forces  of  New  Hampshire,  Cnnnecticut  and 
Rhode  Island  under  his  control.  Still  less  could  any  efficient  system  of 
sustenance  or  armament  have  been  arranged  by  separate  legislatures.  A 
central  authority  alone  could  carry  forward  the  resistance  so  nobly  begun. 
The  Continental  Congress  woukfin  vain  have  passed  patriotic  resolutions, 
protests  against  tyranny,  votes  of  sympathy;  in  vain  would  they  have 
aroused  po^ndar  indign.a'tiou  and  multiplied  centres  of  resistance  tlirough  the 
land.  The  one  decisive  act  in  the  struggle,  the  seal  of  what  had  been 
achieved,  the  presage  and  pledge  of  all  tliat  should  ensue  in  the  coming 
years,  was  that  the  consummation  of  which  we  now  celebrate. 

Cambridge  was  for  obvious  geographical  reasons  the  only  place  where  the 
provincial  troops  could  have  their^head-quarters. — lying  near  enough  to  the 
enemy  to  watch  and  check  his  movements,  yet  protected  from  sudclen  or  in- 
sidious attack  by  the  intervention  of  the  then  unl'ridged  arm  of  the  sea 
which  separates  it  from  Boston.  There  was,  at  the  same  time,  an  intrinsic 
fitness  that  the  opening  scenes  of  the  great  drama  should  be  enacted  here, 
where  so  many  of  the  leaders  in  counsel  and  arms  had  learned  to  loathe  op- 
pression and  to  hold  the  cause  of  liberty  sacred. 

From  its  earliest  days  our  university' had  alvrays  been  on  the  side  of  free- 
dom. Its  first  two  presidents  were  flir  in  advance  of  their  times  in  their 
views  of  the  right  of  the  individual  man  to  unrestricted  liberty  of  thought, 
opinion,  speech  and  action.  Increase  Matlier,  when  president,  took  the  lead 
in  the  opposition  to  the  tyrannical  acts  of  Andros  and  Randolph,  sailed  for 
England  as  the  unofficial  agent  of  ihe  aggrieved  colonists,  was  appointed  to 
an  official  agency  on  the  news  of  the  revolution  of  1G88,  bore  an  important 
part  in  the  construction  of  the  new  provincial  charter  and  in  securing  its  ac- 
ceptance, and  nominated  to  the  royal  court  the  governor,  council  and  prin- 
cipal  officers  under  it.  His  successors  were  of  a  like  spirit,  and  there  is  on 
record  no  instance  in  which  the  college  succumbed  to  usurpation,  stooped  to 
sycophancy,  or  maintained  other  than  an  erect  position  before  the  emissaries 
of  the  royal  government.  The  culture  of  the  students  was  in  grcar,  part 
classical,  and'in  the  last  century  the  classics  were  the  text-books  of  all  lovers 

VOL.  XXIX.  36* 


4:18  Prof'  PeahoJy's  Oration  in  Camhridge.  Oct, 

of  freedom.  A  sceptical  criticism  had  not  then  cast  doubt  on  any  of  the 
stories  of  ancient  licruisni,  nor  had  a  minute  analysis  laid  hare  the  excesses 
and  defects  of  the  early  republics,  whose  statesmen  and  warriors  were 
•deemed  the  peerless  models  of  patriotic  virtue,  and  whose  orator?  thrilled 
the  hi'^irt.s  of  their  Nevv-J^ngland  readers,  as  they  had  the  Athenian  demos, 
the  senate  in  the  ca[titol,  or  the  dense  musses  of  Roman  citizens  in  the 
forum. 

Almost  all  tlie  Massachusetts  clergy,  perhaps  the  major  part  of  those  of 
New-England,  had  Lofu  udueated  here.  The  'J'orics  among  them  were  very 
few,  and  nearly  the  whole  of  their  number  were  ardent  patriots.  The  pulpit 
then  sustained  in  atlalrs  of  public  moment  the  part  which  is  now  borne  by 
the  daily  press;  its  utterances  during  tlie  eventful  years  of  our  life-struggle 
had  no  imcertain  sound  ;  and  the  champions,  deeds  of  prowess  and  war- 
lyrics  of  the  Hebrew  Scriptures  gave  the  frequent  key-note  to  sermon,  prayer 
and  sacred  song. 

Among  the  pioneers  and  guiding  spirits  of  the  Revolution,  who  were 
graduates  of  the  college,  when  I  have  named  the  Adumses,  Otises,  Quincys, 
Warrens,  Pickering,  Hancock,  Trumbull,  "Ward,  Gushing,  Bowdoin,  Phillips, 
I  have  but  given  you  specimens  of  the  type  and  temper  of  those  who  for 
many  years  had  gone  from  Cambridge  to  fill  the  foremost  places  of  trust 
and  influence  throughout  and  Iteyond  our  Commonv.-eakh.  That  they  carried 
wiiii  ihem  hence  their  liberal  views  of  government  and  of  the  rights  of  m.an, 
we  well  knov^  in  tlie  case  of  tliose  of  whose  lives  we  have  the  record.  Thus 
we  f.nd  John  Adams,  just  after  graduating  here,  more  than  twenty  vears 
before  the  declaration  of  independence,  writing  to  a  friend  his  anticipations 
for  America,  not  only  of  her  freedom  from  P^uropean  sway,  but  of  her  be- 
coming the  chief  seat  of  empire  for  the  world.  Year  after  year,  on  the 
commencement  platform  in  tlie  old  parish  church,  had  successive  ranks  of 
earnest  young  men  rehearsed  to  greedy  ears  the  dream  of  liberty  which  tiiey 
pledged  fliith  and  life  to  realize. 

In  the  successive  stages  of  the  conflict  of  the  colonies  with  the  mother 
country,  the  college  uniformly  committed  itself  unequivocally  on  the  pa- 
triotic side.  When  the  restrictions  on  the  colonial  trade  called  forth  warm 
expressions  of  resentment,  the  senior  class  unanimously  resolved  to  take 
their  degrees  in  what  must  then  have  been  exceedingly  rude  apparel, — home- 
sptn  and  home-made  cloth.  When  tea  was  proscribed  by  public  sentiment, 
auu  some  few  students  persisted  in  bringing  it  into  commons,  the  faculty 
forbade  its  use,  alleging  that  it  was  a  source  of  grief  and  uneasiness  to. many 
of  the  students,  and  that  banishing  it  was  essential  to  harmony  and  peace 
within  the  college  walls.  ^\iter  the  day  of  Lexington  and  Concord  all  four 
of  the  then  existing  college  buildings  were  given  up  for  barracks,  and  the 
president's  house  for  officers'  quarters.  When  the  commander-in-chief  was 
expected,  this  house  was  designated  for  his  use,  with  the  reservation  of  a 
single  room  for  President  Langdon's  own  occupancy.  Though  the  few  re- 
maining students  were  removed  to  Concord,  the  president,  an'ardent  patriot, 
seems  to  have  still  resided  here,  or  at  least  to  have  spent  a  large  portion  of 
ids  time  near  the  troops  ;  for  we  find  frequent  traces  of  his  presence  amono- 
them,  and  on  the  eve  of  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill  he  olficiated  as  their  chap- 
lain. In  connection  with  the  prevailing  spirit  of  the  university,  it  is  worthy 
of  emphatic  statement  that  the  commander-in-chief  was  the  first  person  who 
here  received  the  honorary  degree  of  doctor  of  laws. 

To  Harvar.l  graduates  the  country  was  indebted  for  the  choice  of  the  illus- 
trious cliieftain.     The  earliest  mention  that  we  can  find  of  Washinorton's 


1875.]  ^^o/.  Peahody's  Oration  in  Cambridge.  419 

nnmo  iu  this  connection  is  iu  a  letter  of  James  "Warren  to  John  Adams, 
bearing  thito.  tht.;  Ttli  of  May.  Adams  seems  at  once  to  have  rf;x;irded  liim 
a-i  the  only  man  fitted  for  this  mouieutous  service',  Thongh  the  formal 
nomination  vras  made  by  Mr.  Johnson  of  Maryland,  jNIr.  Adams  on  a  previous 
day  first  dvjsigiiated  \V'as.liiiigton  as  "  a  gentleman  whose  skill  aud  experience 
as  au  otlicer,  whose  independent  fortune,  great  talents,  and  excellent  uni- 
versal character  wouul  command  the  approbation  of  all  Amuricj,  and  unite 
the  cordial  exertions  of  all  the  colonies  better  than  any  other  person  in  the 
Union."  There  were,  however,  objections  ou  sectional  grourids  and  per- 
sonal ambitions  that  required  the  most  delicate  treatment,  am]  it  was  mainly 
in  conseqnence  of  ]Mr.  Adams's  strong  will,  untiring  effort  and  skilful  hand- 
ling of  opposing  wishes  and  claims  that  the  final  ballot  was  unanimous.  Ou 
the  oth  of  June  the  election  was  mado.  It  was  formally  announced  to 
"Washington  by  Hancock,  the  president  of  Congress,  and  was  accepted  on 
the  spot. 

The  commander,  impressed  with  the  imminence  of  the  crisis,  denied  him- 
self the  sad  privilege  of  a  farewell  in  person  to  his  own  household,  took 
leave  of  his  wife  in  a  letter  equally  brave  and  tender,  and  on  the  21st  com- 
menced his  northward  journey.  Twenty  miles  from  Philadelphia  he  met  a 
courier  with  tidings  of  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill.  Eagerly  inquiring  as  to 
the  details  of  t-he  triTi;:r!rrinn,  and  learning  tlie  promptije:;3,  skill  antl  cour- 
age that  had  made  the  day  forever  memorable,  he  exclaimed,  "  The  liberties 
of  the  country  are  safe  !"  A  deputation  from  the  Provincial  Congress  met 
him  at  Springfield,  and  volunteer  cavalcades  gave  him  honorable  attendance 
from  town  to  town,  till,  on  the  2d  of  .July,  he  arrived  at  Watertown,  received 
and  returned  the  congratulatory  address  of  the  Congress  there  assembled, 
and  was  then  escorted  by  a  company  of  horse  and  a  goodly  body  of  mouiUud 
civilians  to  the  president's  house,  now  known  as  Wadsworth  House.  The 
rapid  journey  on  horseback  from  Philadelphia  to  Cambridge,  and  that  iu 
part  over  rough  roads — an  enterprise  beyond  the  easy  conception  of  our 
time — must  have  rendered  the  brief  repose  of  that  midsummer  night  essential 
to  the  prestige  of  the  morrow^  when  on  the  first  impressions  of  the  hour  may 
have  been  poised  the  destiny  of  the  nation. 

There  were  reasons  why  Washington  not  only  might  have  been,  but 
would  inevitably  have  been  ill  received,  had  he  not  been  made  to  win  men's 
confidence  and  love.  Several  of  the  officers  already  on  the  ground  had 
shown  their  capacity  for  great  things,  and  had  their  respective  circles  of 
admirers,  who  were  reluctant  to  see  them  superseded  by  a  stranger;  and  had 
not  the  officers  themselves  manifested  a  magnanimity  equal  to  their  courage, 
the  camp  vrould  have  been  already  distracted  by  hostile  factions.  Then, 
too,  the  Virginian  and  New'-England  character,  manners,  style  of  speech, 
modes  of  living,  tastes,  aptitudes,  had  much  less  in  common  at  that  time  of 
infrequent  intercourse  than  half  a  century  later,  when,  as  we  well  knov/, 
apart  from  political  divergence,  mere  social  ditferences  were  sulncient  to 
create  no  little  mutual  rey>ugnancy.  "Washington  was  also  well  known  to 
be  an  P^piscopalian.  and  Episcopacy,  from  the  first  otlensive  on  Puritan  soil, 
was  never  more  abhorred  than  now,  when  its  Northern  professors,  with 
hardly  an  exception,  were  openly  hostile  to  the  cause  of  the  people, — when 
in  Cambridge  almost  every  conspicuous  dwelling  from  Fresh  Pond  to  the 
Inman  House  in  Cambridgeport  had  been  the  residence  of  a  refugee  royalist 
member  of  the  English  Church. 

The  morning  of  the  third  of  July  witnessed  on  the  Cambridge  Common, 
and  at  every  point  of  view  iu  and  upon  the  few  surrounding  houses,  such  a 


420  Prof.  Peahodtfs  Oration  in  Cambridge.  [Oct. 

ttiultitude  of  men,  women  and  children  as  had  never  been  gathered  here  bo- 
fore,  and  porliaps  has  never  since  assembled  till  tliis  very  day.  Never  was 
the  advent  or  presence  of  mortal  man  a  more  conifihite  and  traueceiidont 
triumph.  Majestic  trrace  and  sweet  benignity  were  blended  in  conntenance 
C'lid  mien.  Vi^  wukcvl  at  once  the  hero,  patriot,  sage.  With  equal  dii.niity 
and  modesty  he  received  the  thunders  of  acclamation,  in  which  everv  voice 
bore  part.  fJis  tirst  victory,  the  })restige  of  which  forsook  him  not  for  a 
moment  during  the  weary  years  that  followed,  was  already  gained  when 
under  you  ancient  elm  he  drew  his  sword  as  commander-in-chief.  He  had 
conquered  thousands  of  hearts,  that  remained  true  to  him  to  their  last  throb. 
The  wife  of  John  Adams  writes  of  his  appearance  at  that  moment,  ''  Those 
lines  of  Dryden  instantly  occurred  to  me, — 

'  Mark  his  majestic  fabric !     He  'e  a  temple 
Sacred  by  l)irth,  and  built  by  hands  divme  ; 
His  Poul  's  the  deity  that  lodses  there  ; 
Nor  ie  the  pile  unworthy  of  the  God.'  " 

Never  indeed  can  the  temple  have  been  more  worthy  of  the  tenant.  He 
was  forty-three  years  of  age,  in  the  prime  of  manly  vigor  and  beauty,  tall 
and  commanding,  symmetrical  and  graceful,  unsurpassed  as  an  accomplislied 
equestrian,  with  the  bearing  and  monp.ei-s  of  n  high-Iirtd  gentleman.  His 
countenance — in  later  years,  and  in  many  of  the  portraits  and  engravings  of 
him,  fc;arfully  distorted  by  one  of  the  tirst  rude  essays  of  American  mauu- 
facturing  deiitistry — still  bore  the  perfect  outlines  which  nature  gave  it,  and 
betokened  the  solemn  grandeur  of  soul,  loftiness,  gentleness,  simplicity,  bene- 
volence, which  dwelt  within.  Peale's  portrait  of  him,  taken  a  year  or  tv/o 
earlier,  and  engraved  for  the  second  volume  of  Irving's  "  Life  of  Washing- 
ton," fidly  justitles  the  enthusiastic  admiration  which  welcomed  his  appear- 
ance here,  and  in  subsequent  years  made  his  mere  presence  an  irresistible 
power. 

With  characteristic  promptness  he  lingered  not  to  satisfy  the  eyes  that 
feasted  on  him,  but  immediately  made  his  inspection  of  the  encampments 
scattered  in  a  semicircle  from  Winter  Hill  to  Dorchester  Neck,  and  recon- 
noitred the  British  troops  from  all  available  points  of  observation.  On  the 
British  side  he  saw  every  token  of  military  science,  skilful  engineering  and 
str.  ct  discipline  ;  within  the  American  lines,  an  aggregation  rather  than  an 
army, — bodies  of  raw,  untrained  militia,  a  sad  deliciency  of  arms,  accoutre- 
ments and  even  necessary  clotliing,  rudely  constructed  works,  exteasive,  too, 
beyond  the  capacity  of  the  troops  to  maintain  and  defend  them.  Only  amon<7 
the  Rhode-Island  regiments,  under  General  Greene,  did  he  discover  auaht  of 
military  order,  system,  discipline  and  subordination.  The  greater  part  of  the 
forces  consisted  of  Massachusetts  men,  and  these  were  the  most  destitute.  The 
commander's  large-hearted  sympathy  did  ample  justice  to  their  need  and  to 
their  patriotism.  '•  This  unhappy  and  devoted  province,"  he  writes  to  the 
president  of  Congress,  "  has  been  so  long  in  a  state  of  anarchy,  and  the 
yoke  has  been  laid  so  heavily  on  it,  that  great  allowances  are  to  be  made 
for  troops  raised  under  such  circumstances.  The  deficiency  of  numbers, 
discipline  and  stores  can  only  lead  to  this  conclusion,  that  their  spirit  has 
exceeded  their  strength." 

How  long  Washington  remained  in  the  president's  house  cannot  be  as- 
certained,— probably  but  a  few  days.  The  house,  considerably  smaller  than 
it  now  is,  was  insufficient  for  the  accommodation  of  his  military  family,  and 
arrangements  were  early  made  for  his  removal  to  the  Vassall  house,  now 


1875.]  ^rof.  Peahodf/s  Oration  in  Camhrichje.  421 

.  Mr.  Lonf^ellow's,  which  had  been  deserted  by  its  Tory  owner,  and  occupied 

by  the  Marbloliead  troops.     Here  he  n-sided  till  the  followini;  April. 

I  have  described  the  acclamations  of  joy,  trust  and  hopo  that  hailed  onr 
chicftir'n's  arrivil,  Witli  tbc  shout::  of  the  raultitude  ascended  to  heaven 
the  last  breath  of  a  Cambridge  patriot.  Colonel  Gardner — a  member  of 
the  Provincial  Con^je  ;s,  a  man  uuiversallj-  honored  and  beloved,  a  f»illar  in 
Church  and  Statu,  one  of  the  bravest  oiiicers  at  iJunkcr  Hill — received  h's 
fatal  wound  at  the  head  of  his  regiment,  rallied  strength  to  urge  them  to 
valiant  and  vigorouy  re.=istance,  lingered  deatli-b(jund  till  the  morning  tliat 
gave  the  troops  their  leader  and  the  country  its  father,  and  left  the  charge 
of  a  gallant  officer's  obsequies  for  the  commander's  first  otficial  duty.  We 
have  the  general  order  bearing  date  July  4,  for  the  rendering  of  the  usual 
military  honors  at  tlie  funeral  of  one,  who — so  the  docuincuL  reads — "  fought, 
bled  aijd  died  iu  the  cause  of  his  country  and  mankind," — words  then  first 
used,  and  which  have  become  too  trite  for  repetition,  simply  because  they 
are  in  themselves,  beyond  comparison,  comprehensive,  appropriate,  majestic, 
worthy  of  the  great  heart  that  sought  expression  in  them. 

"Washington's  life  here  has  left  few  records  except  those  which  belong  to 
the  history  of  the  war  and  of  the  country.  He  lived  generously,  though 
frugally, — receiving  often  at  dinner  his  generals,  the  foremost  personages  in 
clvii  uiiLcu  ituJ  iiijmciictri,  delegui/Cb  from  the  CuiuiueutcJ  Congress,  and  dis- 
tinguished visitors  to  the  camp.  His  own  habits  were  almost  abstemious  ; 
and  when,  according  to  the  invariable  custom  of  the  time,  a  long  session  at 
table  seemed  inevitable,  he  left  his  guests  in  charge  of  some  one  of  his  statT 
more  disposed  than  himself  to  convivial  indulgence.  During  the  latter 
portion  of  his  sojourn  here  his  wife  relieved  him  in  part  from  the  cares  of 
the  hospitxility  which  sh^  was  admirably  fitted  to  adorn.  He  generally  at- 
tended worship  at  the  church  of  the  First  Parish.  I  well  remember  the  site 
of  the  square  pew,  under  the  shadow  of  the  massive  pulpit,  which  he  was 
said  to  have  s'  atedly  occupied  ;  and  the  mention  of  it  recalls  to  ray  recollec- 
tion a  couplet  of  a  hymr^  written  by  Eev.  Dr.  Holmes  and  sung  in  the 
old  church  on  the  Fourth  of  July,  fifty  years  ago,  in  which  he  describes  that 
house  of  worship  as  the  place 

"  Where,  in  our  country's  darkest  day, 
Her  war-clad  hero  caiiie  to  pray.  ' 

Once,  perhaps  oftener,  service  was  performed  in  Christ  Church,  whose 
rector  and  most  of  his  leading  parishioners  had  become  exiles  on  political 
grounds. 

It  is  impossible  to  overestimate  the  importance  of  these  nine  months  in 
Cambridge.  >Vashington  himself  was  impatient  of  the  delay.  But  for  the 
prudent  counsels  of  the  generals  who  knew  their  men  better  than  he  could 
know  them  thus  early,  he  would  have  made  a  direct  assault  on  the  British 
troops,  and  attempted  to  force  their  surrender  or  retreat ;  and  it  was  here 
that  he  learned  to  wait,  to  curb  his  native  impetuousness  of  temper,  and  to 
make  discretion  the  trusty  satellite  of  valor. 

Meanwhile,  the  army  was  constantly  increasing  in  numbers,  and  was 
largely  recruited  from  the  Middle  and  Southern  States,  while  in  i^ew-Eng- 
land,  as  the  term  of  service  for  which  enlistments  had  been  made  expired, 
the  soldiers  either  reenlisted,  or  were  replaced  or  more  than  replaced  by 
men  of  equal  zeal  and  courage.  There  were  sutficiently  frequent  alarms 
and  skirmishes  to  keep  alive  the  practice  of  arms;  while  the  lung  line  of 
outposts,  more  or  less  exposed  to  sudden  assault,  demanded  incessant  vigi- 


422  Prof.  Peahofh/s  Oration  in  Camlrldge.  [Oct. 

lance,  ami  formed  a  training  school  in  stnVt  discipline,  prompt  obedience, 
and  those  essential  habits  of  cnnip-lifo  which  tlie  citizen-soldier,  huucvtr 
brave  in  battle,  tinds  most  unconcjenial,  harassing  and  burdensome. 

The  power  of  a  single  organi7in'jr  mind  was  ne-ver  more  fully  manifested 
thau  ill  I'nt:  ci'jauon  of  a  regular  and  disciplined  army  from-  the  raw  re- 
cruits, the  materials  lieterogcneous  to  the  last  degree,  to  all  appearance 
hopelessly  incongr.ious,  which  now  camo  under  tlie  commander's  shapi.'ig 
hand.  Confusion  crystallized  into  order;  discord  resolved  itself  into  har- 
mony ;  jarring  counsels  were  reconciled  ;  rivalries  vanished,  as  every  man 
found  his  abilities  recoanized,  his  rittiujr  ]>lace  and  due  honor  accorded  to 
him,  and  his  services  utilized  to  their  utmost  cnpacity. 

Never  in  the  history  of  military  achievements  was  there  a  more  signal 
triumph  than  in  the  termination  of  the  siege  of  Boston.  On  the  mornii;g 
of  the  5th  of  March,  when  General  Howe  saw  the  four  strong  redoubts 
which  had  risen  on  Dorchester  Heights  while  he  slept,  he  exclaimed,  "  'Ihe 
rebels  hL;ve  done  naore  work  in  one  night  than  my  v/hole  army  could  have 
done  in  one  month."  In  the  evening  the  British  were  secure  within  their 
lines,  raid  counted  on  the  speedy  dispersion  of  the  besieging  army  ;  in  the 
morning  they  saw  surrender  or  flight  as  their  only  alternative.  The  siege 
was  made  complete  and  impregnable.  But  for  the  ships  at  anchor  in  the 
harbor  the  ent'r"  P,ri<-;-u  ^rniy  v.-ouIu  luive  been  prisoners  of  war. 

Thus  closed  the  first  act  of  the  great  drama, — here,  where  we  stand,  ini- 
tiated, matured,  ^lirected,  borne  on  to  its  glorious  and  ever  memorable  issue. 
Ours,  then,  is  more  than  a  battle  ground, — a  soil  halloNyed  by  those  wise, 
stem,  self-denying  counsels,  without  which  feats  of  arms  were  mere  child's 
play,  made  sacred  by  the  presence  of  such  a  constellation  of  patriots  as  can 
hardly  ever,  elsewhce  upon  earth,  h.ave  deliberated  on  the  destiny  oi  a 
nation  in  its  birth-throes, — Putnam,  Greene,  wStark,  Prescott,  "Ward,  Kead, 
and  their  illustrious  associates,  men  who  staked  their  all  in  the  contest, 
and  deemed  death  for  their  country  but  a  nobler  and  more  enduring  life. 

Enough  of  history.  Let  us  now  gather  up,  as  we  may.  some  few  traits  of 
the  character  of  him  on  whom  our  central  regard  is  fixed  in  these  com- 
memorative rites. 

The  Washington  of  the  popular  imagination,  nay,  of  our  gravest  his- 
tories, is  a  mythical  personage,  such  as  never  lived  or  could  have  lived 
an  ong  men.  The  figure  is  too  nmch  like  that  of  the  perfect  goddess  born 
from  the  brain  of  .Jupiter.  Washington  undoubtedly  grew  as  other  men 
grow,  was  not  exempt  from  human  passions  and  infirmities,  was  shaped  and 
trained  by  the  Providence  whose  chosen  instrument  he  was.  It  was  his 
glory  that  he  yielded  to  the  plastic  hand,  obeyed  the  heavenly  vision,  fol- 
lowed without  halting  the  guiding  spirit.  The  evident  coldness  of  the  Vir- 
ginia delegates  in  Congress  with  regard  to  his  appointment  shows  that  up 
to  that  time,  notwithstanding  his  early  military  experience,  they  had  seen 
little  in  him  to  distinguish  him  from  other  respectable  gentlemen  of  faultless 
lineage,  fair  estate  and  miblemished  reputation.  But  from  the  moment 
when  he  accepted  the  command  of  the  army  he  gave  himself  entirely  and 
irrevocably  to  his  country.  Such  singleness  of  purpose  as  his  is  the  essence 
of  genius,  whose  self-creating  law  is,  "This  one  thing  I  do."  From  that 
moment  no  collateral  interest  turned  him  aside ;  no  shadow  of  self  crossed 
his  path ;  no  lower  ambition  came  between  him  and  his  country's  cause  ;  he 
had  no  hope,  no  fear,  but  for  the  sacred  trust  devolved  upon  him.  His  dis- 
interestedness gave  him  hi=  clear  and  keen  vision,  his  unswerving  impattiali- 
ty,  his  uncompromising  rectitude,  his  power  over  other  minds.     The  self- 


1875.]  Prof.  Peuhodi/s  Oration  in  Cambridge,  423 

secliing  man  sees  double ;  and  we  lenni  from  the  highest  authority  that  it  is 
only  when  the  e^e  is  single  that  "  tlie  whole  bo<ly  is  full  of  light."  Tho 
secret  of  iuiluence,  also,  lies  here.  The  man  who  can  be  suppostd  to  have 
personal  emls  in  view,  even  though  in  his  own  mind  they  are  but  secondary, 
is  alv.'ays  liable  t<>  be  judged  by  thoin,  and  the  good  that  is  in  liiui  gains  not 
h  ilf  ihe  confidence  it  deserves.  But  self-abnegation,  when  clearly  recog- 
nized, wiui:  not  only  re^^pect,  but  as^-ent  and  deference  ;  its  opiuioua  have  the 
validity  of  absolute  truth ;  its  will,  the  force  of  impersonal  law.  The  pro- 
fessed philanthropists  and  reformers  who  have  swarnietl  in  the  social  history 
of  the  last  half-century  furnish  a  manifold  illustration  of  this  pruiciple.  Tho 
few  of  them  who  have  carried  large  numbers  along  with  tliem  and  liavo 
moved  the  world  have  not  been  the  greatest  and  most  gifted  among  them, 
but  those  who  have  cared  not,  if  tlie  wheel  would  only  turu,  whether  it 
raised  them  to  fame  or  crushed  them  to  powder.  So  men  believed  and 
trusted  in  Washington,  not  merely  because  he  was  a  wise  and  prudent  mau, 
but  because  they  knew  him  to  be  as  utterly  incapable  of  selfish  aims  and 
motives  as  the  Liberty  whose  cause  he  served. 

I  have  spoken  of  a  sort  of  mythical,  superhuman  grandeur,  in  wliich 
Washington  has  been  enshrined  in  much  of  our  popular  speech  and  litera- 
ture. I  think  that,  on  the  other  hand,  there  has  been  in  some  quarters  a 
'^.•:;. ■::'':;•-  to  uu.l.riut^  him.  Fui-  thL  thcic  is  ample  reaouu,  ^ei-  no  giuuud. 
He  seems  the  less,  because  he  was  so  great.  A  perfect  sphere  looks  smaller 
than  one  of  the  same  dimensions  with  a  diversified  surface.  We  measure 
eminences  by  depressions,  the  height  of  mountains  by  the  chasms  that  yawn 
beneath  them.  Littlenesses  of  character  give  promineilee  to  what  there  is 
in  it  of  greatness.  The  one  virtue  looms  up  with  a  fascinating  grandeur 
from  a  Hfe  full  of  faults.  The  patriot  who  will  not  pay  his  debts  or  govern 
his  passions  often  attracts  more  homage  than  if  he  led  a  sober  and  honest 
life.  The  single  traits  of  erratic  genius  not  infrequently  gain  m  splendor 
from  their  relief  against  a  background  of  weaknesses  and  follies. 

We  might  enunierate  in  Wasliington  various  traits  of  mind  and  character, 
either  of  which  in  equal  measure  would  sutfice  for  the  fame  of  a  man  who 
bad  little  else  that  challenged  approval.  But  what  distinguishes  Washing- 
ton preeminently  is  that  it  is  impossible  to  point  out  faults  or  deiicieneies 
that  marred  his  work,  detracted  from  his  reputation,  dishonored  his  lite. 
The  most  observed  and  best  known  man  in  the  countiy  for  the  eight  years 
of  the  war  and  for  the  other  eight  of  his  presidency,  even  jealousy  and 
partisan  rancor  could  find  no  pretence  for  the  impeachment  of  his  discretion 
or  his  virtue.  His  biographers  have  seemed  to  revel  in  the  narrative  of 
Eome  t^vo  or  three  occaL-ions  on  which  he  was  intensely  angry,  as  if,  like  the 
vulnerable  heel  of  Achilles,  they  were  needed  to  show  that  their  hero  was 
still  human. 

But  let  it  not  be  forgotten  that  this  roundness  of  moral  proportions,  this 
utter  lack  of  picturesque  diversity  in  his  character,  must  have  been  the  out- 
come of  strenuous  self-discipline.  His  almost  unruliled  Cidmuess  and  serenity 
were  the  result,  not  of  apathy,  but  of  self-conquest.  It  was  the  tierce  war- 
fare and  decisive  victory  within  that  made  him  the  cynosure  for  all  eyes, 
and  won  for  him  the  homage  of  all  hearts  that  loved  then-  country.  \\  e 
know  but  httle  of  the  details  of  his  private  hfe  for  the  first  forty  years  or 
more ;  but  even  the  reverence  of  posterity  has  not  succeeded  iu  wholly 
veiling  from  view  the  undoubted  fact  that  he  was  by  nature  vehement,  im- 
pulsive, head-strontr,  impatient,  passionate. — a  mau  in  whose  blood  the  fiery 
coursers  might  easily  have  nm    riot,  and  strewed  then:  way  with  havoc 


424  Prof.  Peahody*s  Oration  in  Camhridge.  [Oct. 

By  far  the  greater  honor  is  due  to  him  who  so  hold  them  under  bit,  reiu  and 

curb  that  ninstcrly  seU-contri)!  under  in  tensest  provocation  became  his  fore- 
most characteristic, — that  disappointment,  dehiy,  defeat,  even  treachery,  so 
peldopi  di=;turh'^d  hi?  equaiiiinity,  spread  a  cloud  over  his  brow,  or  drew  from 
him  a  rescntfid  or  l/itter  word. 

We  admire,  also,  in  him  the  even  poise  with  which  he  bore  his  hi;,'h  com- 
mand in  war  and  iu  the  counsels  of  the  nation.  In  mien,  manner,  speech, 
intercourse,  he  was  never  beneath,  and  never  above  his  place.  Dij;nity 
without  haughtiness,  lirmness  without  obstinacy,  condescension  without 
stooping,  gentleness  without  suppleness,  afTability  without  undue  familiurity, 
were  blended  in  him  as  in  hardly  any  other  historical  personage.  iS'o  one 
who  could  claim  bis  ear  was  repelled  ;  yet  to  no  one  did  he  let  himself  down. 
lie  sought  and  received  advice,  gave  its  full  weight  and  worth  to  honest  dis- 
sent, yet  never  for  a  moment  resigned  the  leader's  stafl".  The  more 
thoroughly  we  study  the  history  of  the  war,  the  more  manifest  is  it  that  on 
this  one  man  more  than  on  all  beside  depended  its  successfid  end.  Congress 
lacked  equally  power  and  promptness ;  the  State  legislatures  were  dilatory 
aiid  often  niggardly  in  provision  for  their  troops ;  exposure  and  privation 
brought  portions  of  the  army  to  the  very  brink  of  revolt  and  secession ; 
cabals  were  raised  in  behalf  of  generals  of  more  brilliant  parts  and  more 
lyoaatiui.  p/icicjioioua  ;  ouoCwaa  icpctiLcJIy  hwvered  over  his  banner  euly  to 
betray  him  in  the  issue ;  yet  in  every  emergency  he  was  none  the  less  the 
tower  of  strength,  or  rather  the  guiding  pillar  of  the  nation  by  day  and  night, 
in  cloud  and  tire.  Heart  and  hope  never  once  forsook  him,  and  his  elastic 
courage  sustained  failing  hearts  and  rekindled  flickering  hope. 

His  judgment  of  men,  his  keen  insight  into  character,  has  also  its  promi- 
nent place  among  the  sources  of  his  power.  In  Arnold,  indeed,  and  to 
some  degree  iu  Gates,  he  was  deceived ;  but  of  the  many  in  whom  he  re- 
posed confidence  it  is  hard  to  add  to  the  list  of  those  who  betrayed  his  trust. 
He  recognized  instantly  the  signal  merit  of  Greene,  and  employed  him 
constantly  in  the  most  arduous  and  responsible  service.  Putnam,  and  the 
other  brave  and  devoted,  but  imtrained  generals  whom  he  found  here  on  hi8 
arrival,  lost  nothing  in  his  regard  by  their  rusticity  of  garb  and  mieu. 
Pickering,  than  whom  the  annals  of  our  State  bear  the  name  of  no  more 
ardent  patriot  or  more  honorable  man,  was  successively  his  secretary,  com- 
missary general  and  quartermaster,  and  held  in  his  presidency,  at  one  time 
or  another,  the  chief  place  in  almost  every  department  of  the  public  service. 
In  Hamilton's  very  boyhood  he  discovered  the  man,  who  eclipsed  his  own 
military  fame  by  repairing  the  nation's  shattered  credit  and  establishing  her 
Hcancial  safety  and  elficienoy.  lie  understood  every  man's  capacity,  and 
knew  how  to  utilize  it  to  the  utmost,  llarest  gift  of  all, — he  knew  what  he 
could  not  do,  and  what  others  could  do  better  than  himself;  and  he  in  no  re- 
spect appears  greater  than  in  committing  to  the  most  secure  and  etRcient 
agency  the  several  portions  of  his  military  and  civil  respousibiiity,  in  accept- 
ing whatever  service  might  redound  to  the  public  good,  and  iu  the  unstinted 
recognition  of  such  service. 

Time  fails  me,  and  so  it  would  were  my  minutes  hours,  to  complete  the 
picture.  Nor  is  there  need  ;  for  lives  there  an  American  who  owns  not  his 
primacy,  in  war,  in  peace,  in  command,  in  service,  in  uncorrupt  integrity,  in 
generous  self-tievotion,  in  loyalty  to  freedom,  his  country  and  his  God  ? 
Among  the  dead,  the  heroes  and  statesmen  of  all  times  and  lands,  his 
mighty  shade  rises  preeminent, — his  name  the  watchword  of  liberty,  right  and 
law,  revered  wherever  freedom  is  sought  or  cherished,  the  tyrant's  rebtdie, 


1875.]  Prof.  Peahodys  Oration  in  Camhridge.  425 

the  demagogue's  sharae,  the  patriot's  syuonymo  for  uutarnisliod  fome  and 
unfading  glory. 

This  season  of  commemoration  has  its  voices,  not  only  of  gratitude  and 
gladness,  but  equally  of  admonition,  it  may  be,  of  reproach.  Our  nation 
owes  its  existence,  us  constitution,  its  early  union,  stability,  progress  and 
prosperity,  under  the  Divine  I'rovidence,  to  the  great,  wise  and  good  men 
who  built  our  shi;)  of  stare,  and  stood  at  its  lielin  in  the  straits  and  atti';ng 
the  shoals  and  quicksands  through  which  it  sailed  into  the  open  sea.  "Where 
are  now  our  Washingtons,  Adamses,  Ilamiltons,  Jays,  I'ickerings. — the  men 
whom  a  sovereign's  ransom  could  not  bribe,  or  a  people's  adulation  beguile, 
or  the  lure  of  ambition  dazzle  and  pervert?  Nature  cannot  have  grown 
niggardly  of  her  noltle  births,  God  of  his  best  gifts.  Dut  where  arc  they? 
Unset  jewels,  for  the  most  part,  and  incapable  of  finding  a  setting  under  our 
present  political  regime.  Of  what  avail  is  it  that  we  heap  honors  on  the 
illustrious  fathers  of  our  republic,  if  we  are  at  no  pains  to  seek  for  their 
succession,  heirs  of  their  talents  and  their  virtues  ?  Yet,  were  Washington 
now  living, — the  very  man  of  whose  praise  we  are  never  weary, — does  any 
one  suppose  it  possible  for  him  to  be  chosen  to  the  chief  magistracy? 
Would  he  answer  the  questions,  make  the  compromises,  give  the  pleilges, 
without  which  no  national  convention  would  nominate  him  ?  Could  he 
propn  t1'rn?irrli  the  *o''t'.T:>'T  n'' ii' p-pn tb 0 .  throu'^b  v.-liinh  men  now  crawl  into 
place  and  grovel  into  power  ?  Would  he  mortgage,  expressly  or  tacitly,  the 
vast  patronage  of  Goveriiment  for  the  price  of  his  election  ? 

We  sometuues  hear  the  cry,  "  Not  men,  but  measures."  But  if  there  be 
any  one  lesson  taught  us  by  our  early  history,  it  is  that  men,  not  measures, 
created,  saved,  exalted  our  nation.  Corrupt  men  vitiate,  mean  men  dcba--e,^ 
dishonest  men  pervert,  incompetent  men  neutralize  the  best  measures,  it 
such  measures  be  even  possible,  except  as  originated,  directed,  actualized  by 
the  best  men.  Our  rowers  have  now  brought  us  into  waters  where  there 
are  no  soundings.  It  is  impossible  to  know,  in  the  absence  of  a  definite 
standard  of  value,  whether  our  national  wealth  is  increasing  or  declining, — 
whether  we  are  on  the  ninth  wave  of  towering  prosperity,  or  on  the  verge  of 
general  bankruptcy.  It  is  an  ominous  fact  tliat  an  immense  proportion  of 
individual  wealth  is  public  debt.  Never  was  there  so  much  need  as  now  of 
the  profoundest  wisdom  and  an  integrity  beyond  bribe,  to  crystallize  our 
chaos,  to  disentangle  the  complexities  of  our  situation,  to  disenthrall  our  in- 
dustries from  legislation  which  protects  by  cramping  and  crippling,  to 
retretich  the  spoUs  of  otlice,  enormous  when  not  exceeding  It-gal  limits, 
unmeasured  beyond  them,  and  through  the  entire  hierarchy  of  place  and 
trust  to  establis'li  honesty  and  competency,  not  partizan  zeal  and  ellicic-ncy, 
as  the  essential  qualitications. 

There  is  a  sad  and  disheartening  element  in  the  pomp  and  s[ilendor,  the 
lofty  panegyric  and  fervent  eulogy  of  these  centennial  celebrations.  It  was 
once  said  iu  keen  reproach  by  him  who  spake  as  never  man  spake,  "le 
Iruilt  the  tombs  of  the  prophets,  and  garnish  the  sepulchres  of  the  righteous." 
It  is,  in  general,  not  the  age  which  makes  history  that  writes  it, — not  the  age 
which  builds  monuments  that  merits  them.  It  is  in  looking  back  to  a  past 
better  than  the  present  that  men  say,  "  There  were  giants  in  those  days." 
Eeverence  and  gratitude  for  a  worthy  ancestry  characterize,  indeed,  not 
xmworthy  descendants  ;  praise  and  adulation  of  ancestors  beyond  reason  or 
measure  denote  a  degenerate  posterity.  Our  fathers  have  done  little  for  us, 
if  their  equals  do  not  now  fill  their  places.  Unless  their  lineage  be  unde- 
based,  their  heritage  is  of  little  value. 
?0L.  XXIX.  37 


•>\j}»  »!>:. 


426  Mr.  Broiinis  Oration  in  Philadelphia.  [Oct. 

Fellow-citizoiis.  let  us  praise  our  fathers  by  hecomin;,'  more  worthy  of 
them.  Ltt  tills  f-easoii  of  cominemoratiun  bo  u  revi\al-si.-:isoii  of  public  aixl 
civic  virtue.  Let  the  blossed  iiieuioi  ies  which  ■wo  rejoice  to  keep  ever  green 
be  euuTeatlied  afresh  \\\i\\  liiijh  resolve  anil  earnest  endeavor  to  tran^^mit 
tne  liberty  so  dearly  pnrcha.scd  to  centuries  yet  to  come.  When  ai;otlier 
ceiitenuial  rolls  round,  let  there  be  names  identifud  with  this,  our  conntry'.s 
second  birih-i:n:e.  that  shall  lind  lit  place  in  the  chaplet  of  honor  which  our 
children  will  weave.  Some  .such  names  will  be  there, — Lincoln,  An<lrew, 
the  heroes  of  our  civil  conllict,  the  men  whose  prudent  counsels  and  diplo- 
matic slcill  in  tiiat  ci'isis  warded  oil  worse  perils  than  those  of  armed 
rebellion.  Let  these  be  reenforced  by  yet  other  names  that  shall  be  wiit- 
ten  indelibly  on  the  pillars  of  our  reconstructed  1,'nion.  Fellow-citizens, 
heirs  of  reuoutied  fathers,  look  to  it  that  in  your  hands  their  trust  be  ful- 
filled,— that  the  travail  uf  their  soul  have  the  only  recompense  they  sought. 


AN  ORATION'  OX  THE  ONE  HUNDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY 

OF  THK  ^TVt-rjyG  or  THE  FIRST  CONTINENTAL 

CONGRESS  IN  PniLADELPIIEV,  SEPT.  5,  1774. 

By  the  Hon.  Henry  Aiimitt  Bnowx,  of  PIiilaLlcIphia. 

"V^J'E  have  come  hero  to-day  in  obedience  to  that  natural  impulse  which 
I  Y  bids  a  jieople  do  lionor  to  its  past.  We  have  assembled  to  com- 
memorate a  great  event, — one  of  the  most  famous  in  our  history.  In  the 
midst  of  pros[-crity  aii'l  profound  peace,  in  the  presence  of  the  honorable 
and  honored  A'ice-President  of  the  L'nited  States,  of  the  chosen  rulers  of  the 
people,  of  the  members  of  the  present  and  other  Congresses, — the  successors 
of  the  statesmen  of  1771, — of  the  representatives  of  the  learned  professions, 
and  of  every  department  of  human  enterprise  and  industry  and  skill,  we 
have  gathered  beneath  this  roof  to  celebrate,  with  reverent  and  appropriate 
seiTices,  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  meeting  of  the  First  Con- 
tinental Congress. 

I  is  a  great  privilege  to  be  here,  and  we  have  to  thank  the  Carpenters' 
Company  for  it.'  The  Carpenters'  Company  of  Philadelphia  has  always 
been  a  patriotic  body.  In  the  months  which  preceded  the  Revolution  it 
freely  otfered  its  hall  for  the  meetings  of  the  people  ;  and  besides  the  high 
honor  of  having  enrertaine'l  the  Congress  of  177-1,  it  can  point  to  its  h.iviug 
sheltered  the  Committees  of  Safety  and  the  Provincial  Committee  for  a  long 
time  beneath  this  roof.  The  Carpenters'  Company  of  Philadelphia  is  a 
very  ancient  body.  It  came  into  existence  when  George  the  First  was 
king,  when  Penjamiu  Franklin  was  a  printer's   lad,  and   Samuel  Johnson 

1  Delivercl  >'cforc  the  Carjicr.ters'  Company  in  Carpenters'  Hall,  Philadelpliia,  Sept.  3, 
1874.    PvintrJ  by  pemii--iori. 

In  explanation  ot  tlio  t.'.rt  that  ATr.  Brown's  oration  appears  in  this  connection,  ont  of  its 
tnie  chronological  orUir,  it  is  proper  to  st  tte  that,  o\vin:r  to  our  limited  space,  it  was  at  llrst 
the  intention  of  the  (.■i.ninurtec  on  j^ililication  to  confine  this  issue  of  the  Register  to  cen- 
tennial orations  delivered  in  >.\\v-Eni,ian<i ;  t'tu,  after  these  had  been  printed,  it  was  deemed 
best  to  enlarge  the  nmiber  still  further  and  include  the  admuable  oration  of  Mr.  Brown.  — 
Editor. 

-  '<  The  Carpenters' Company  of  the  city  and  connty  of  Philadelphia"  was  founiled  in 
the  yeai-  \11^,  :.nd  lias  conii:"aed  to  tlio  present  moment  in  aeriviry  and  rigor.  It  is  nuide 
up  entirely  cf  Ma -tor  Car]>.  :ucrs,  who,  at  the  time  of  their  election,  have  been  actively  en- 
gaged in  busi'^esc,  aiid  numbers  now  90  xncnibers. 


1875.]  Mr.  Bi'oicas  Oration  in  Philadelphia.  427 

was  a  boy  at  scliool.  It  was  foun^lefl  fifty  yearn  before  an  AniericaTi  Coii- 
£^ros3  met,  aiul  it  is  now  brilf  n?  oM  .-I'jain  as  Amoric.ui  indcptjiulerice.  Au>[ 
more  than  this,  it  is  a  very  honora^'le  body.  Its  rnen\bcrs  h;iv<i  bi.en  couiitt-il 
amoujj  our  best  citizen.s  for  inibi.>try  and  oharar-tcr.  I'.oth  tliLs  hall,  in 
wiiicii  the  nation  Mv.xy  be  said  to  base  been  born,  and  that  otlier,  where  in 
1770  its  artich.s  of  apiirentictshi;)  wx-re  canei-lied,  are  the  nionninents  ot  it-i 
earlier  skill,  and  tiivr*.-,  are  few  houses  in  this  City  of  Homes  in  whi<;li  its 
members  have  not  had  a  baud.  And.  after  all,  how  littini^  dotjs  it  sei?ni 
that  the  hall  of  the  Carpenters'  Conioany  should  have  ben  the  scene  of 
that  event  which  we  have  asseml>k-d  to  commemorate!  T!ie  men  of  the 
First  Congfress  were  architects  them-elves  ;  the  master-builders  of  a  l.V-- 
public  founded  on  the  equality  of  man, — the  highest  types  of  which,  in  the 
two  struggles  through  which  it  iias  bad  to  pass,  have  been  Benjamin  Fraiik- 
lin.  the  mechanic,  and  the  farmer's  lad  whose  name  was  Abraliam  Lincoln. 
They  represented  among  themselves  every  rank  of  life, — the  lawyer,  the 
merchant,  the  farmer,  the  mechanic, — and  they  did  more  to  dignify  Labor 
and  advance  the  cause  of  ilumanlty  in  the  seven  weeks  during  which  they 
sat  in  this  place  than  all  the  parliaments  of  the  world  have  done  in  twice  as 
man}- centuries.  If  there  be  auytbirig  good,  if  there  be  anything  nohlt;,  if 
there  be  anytiiing  precious  in  the  Americiiu  Revolution,  it  is  just  this, — that 
it  secured  for  ever}-  mau  an  equal  cbauce.  Fiir  v/iser  tiian  ihose  who  have 
attempted  a  similar  woik  beneath  other  skies,  the  men  who  achieved  th;:t 
Revolution  att;icked  no  vested  rights,  set  up  no  false  notions  of  equality, 
nor  the  oppression  of  the  many  for  the  tyranny  of  the  few,  nor  did  they  hnnk 
the  chain  that  bound  them  to  an  honorable  past.  They  sought  rather  to 
make  Virtue  and  Intelligence  the  test  of  manhood, — to  strike  down  Pre- 
rogative and  Pn\ilege  and  open  the  gates  of  happiness  to'  all  alike.  And 
as  I  contemplate  their  ulorious  struggle  at  this  distance  of  time,  and  think 
of  the  national  life  which  it  has  blessed  us  with, — a  century  of  which  is 
surely  a  great  achievement  for  any  people,' — I  cannot  but  think  it  to  liave 
been  a  happy  omen  that  it  was  inaugurated  here.  It  is  impossible,  in  the 
time  which  I  can  allow  myself,  to  attempt  a  description  of  the  causes  of  the 
Revolution.  The  duty  which  I  have  to  discharge  is  sutbciently  ditiicult.  I 
shall  tax  your  patience,  at  any  rate,  I  fear  (for  the  trial  is  rather  how  little 
than  hou-  much  to  say),  but  the  story  must  needs  be  long,  and  the  occasion 
seems  one  of  historic  dignity. 

It  was  only  a  month  ago  that  the  inhabitants  of  a  little  island  in  the 
northern  corner  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean  met  on  their  Law  Mount  and  cele- 
brated, with  song  and  saga,  their  one  thousamith  anniversary.  That  hardy 
race,  which  counis  among-  its  achievements  the  tirst  discovery  of  this  con- 
tinent, has  witnessed  many  memorable  and  strange  events.     Locked  up  in 

1  The  historian  Freeman,  wiirir.g  in  1S62,  says  (Hist,  of  F>d.  Govt.,  vol.  i.  p.  112) :  "'At^ 
all  events,  the  American  Union  has  actually  ^^r-cured,  for  whiir  is  ixaliy  a  loiii;  ptrin,]  of 
time,  a  greater  amount  of  comi.ined  pe.ice  ar.d  frecduni  than  was  ever  ijet'o-.e  enjoyed  hs-  .-o 
large  a  portion  of  the  e.irth's  surface.  There  have  been,  and  <till  are,  vaster  «ie.-iiotic  em- 
pires, but  nevt'r  before  h;LS  so  large  an  inhaliited  terriri-ry  renuiued  for  mure  than  .seventy 
years  in  the  enjoyment  at  once  of  internal  freedom  and  of  exemption  from  the  sconrire  of 
internal  war." 

Pirjf.  Hoppiri,  of  Yale  College,  writes  mc  of  a  conversation  he  had  some  ycirs  ago  wi'h 
Pruf  Karl  von  Raum^r,  of  Berlin :  "  I  asked  him  what  was  his  opinion  as  to  the  pe-  petuiry 
of  repulilican  in?titutions.  He  said:  Under  certain  conduions  fuliillei!,  tliey  would  l>e  ui.-re 
permanent  than  any  otiior  form.  'But.'  said  he,  starling  up  from  his  ehur  with  creat 
energy,  'if  they  ^hou!d  fail,  fifty  years  of  American  freedom  would  be  worth  a  tliousund 
yenrs  of  Siberian  despotism  ! '  " 

A  similar  thought  is  expre-sed  by  Frcen?an  in  page  .52  of  the  volume  above  quoted: 
"Tiij  one  century  of  Atiicui:,n  greatness,  from  the  ex:iul-io:i  ff  the  Tiiirty  Tyrants,  to  the 
defeat  of  jligo.^potatnos,  ii  worth  milluuuiuuiS  of  the  life  of  Egypt  or  Assyria." 


428  Mr.  Browns  Oration  in  P/iiladelphia.  [Oct. 

snnw  and  ico,  {.rotectod  by  tlifi  warring  elements,  it  has  watcherl  the  growth 
and  ch-cay  ot  etui.iros,  the  rise  and  fall  of  nations,  the  nu;st  wonderful  ehao-n-s 
lu  every  <juarter  of  the  globe.  Hut  it  has  seen  no  spertacle  more  extri- 
ordmnrv  t'l.Mn  th-if  which  we  couunemorafe  to-day,  and  in  all  the  sterile 
pagxjij  of  Its  thousand  years  of  history  it  can  point  to  no  such  achievements 
as  nil  up  the  first  century  of  this  younger  nation. 

The  tendency  of  the  American  colonies  toward  union  had  frequently 
shown  Itself  before  177-1.     There  was,  of  course,  little  sympathy  at  the  out- 
let between  the  Puritan  of  New-England  and   the   Virginian  cavalier,  the 
Koman  Catholic  of  Maryland  and  the  Pennsylvania  Quaker.     Each  had,  in 
times  past,  sutlered  at  the  other's  hands,  and  the  smart  of  their  injuries  was 
not  soon  forgotten.     But  Time,  that  great  healer,  came   after  a   while   to 
€ttace  Its  sharpness,  and  when  the  third  generation  had  grown  up  litth-  bit- 
terness remained.     For.  after  all,  there  is  no  sympathy  like  that  which  is 
begotteii  by  common  sutiering.     The  trials  of  these  men  had  been  much  the 
same.     The  spirit  of  persecution  had  driven  forth  all  alike.     Their  ideas  of 
Jiberty,— narrow  as  they  were  at  first,— did  not  materially  differ,  and  their 
<ievonon  to  them  had  led  all  alike  across  the  seas.     The'y  spoke  the  same 
iaiigua-e,  inherited  the  same  traditions,  revered   the  same  examples,   wor- 
slnppedjhe  same  God.     Nor  had  the  obstacles  which   thev  had  overcom- 
uvisii  aiueieiit.     Heat  and  cold,  tire  and  sword,  hunger  and" thirst— they  had 
all  experienced  these.     The  Frenchman  on  the  North  and  the  Indian  alon- 
tiie  \\  estera  frontier  had  constantly  threatened  them  witli  a  common  dan-e" 
and  when  the  news  of  Braddock's  defeat  came  down  the  slopes  of°the 
Alleghany  Mountains  it  sent  a  thrill  throuirh  hearts  in   Georgia  and  New- 
liampslnre,  as  well  as  in   Pennsylvania  and  .Alaryland.     As   early  as   the 
}ear  l/.:.-i  the  Indian  troubles  and  the  necessity  for  united  action*  ha.l   led 
to  tiie  :.ssembling  of  a  convention   or  council   at  Albany,   at  which   seven 
colonies  were  represented.     The  scheme  for  a  perpetual   union  which  the 
gemus  ot  Franklin  had  then  devise<l  was  not  successful,  it  is  true,  but  the 
meeting    under    such    circumstances    awakened  a  strong  desire  for  union 
among  his  countrymen  ;  and  when,  in  17G5,  the  times  l.ad  changed,  and  the 
mother-country,  victorious  over  France,  turned  her  hand  against  her  chil- 
<Jren,  the  sense  of  danger  found  expression   in   the   convention   which  the 
Stamp  Act  brought  together  in  New- York.     I  j.ass  without  comment  over 
the  years  which  intervened  between  17G5  and  1774.     The  Stamn  Act  had 
teen  repealed,  but  a  succession  of  severer  measures  had  brou-ht  thin-s  from 
bad  to  ^Torse.  ^  Great  Britain  was  in  the  zenith  of  her  power.     The  colonies 
were  th.irteen  in  number,  and  contained  about  two  millions  and  a  half  of  in- 
habitants      Let  us.  tlien.  in  the  course  of  the  hour  which  we  are  to  spend 
togetherhere   eiKh.avor  to  go  back  in  imagination  to  the  summer  of  1774. 

ilere  m  Plu!a<h,!ph,a  there  have  been  feverish  davs.  The  news  of  the 
determination  ot  the  ministry  to  shut  up  the  port  of  Boston,  followed,  as  it 
IS  soon  alter  by  the  atteuq.t  to  do  away  with  the  ancient  charter  of  Massa- 
chusetts, and  to  remove  to  Great  Britain  the  trial  of  otfeuces  committed  in 
America,  hv.  aroused  the  patriotic  resistance  of  the  whole  country.  In  every 
town  and  hamlet,  trom  New-Hampshire  to  the  southern  boundary  of 
Georgia  b-.d  protests  are  recorded  by  the  people,  and  Boston  is  declared 
to  be  suffering  m  the  common  cause.  The  first  dav  of  June,  when  the  Port 
Bill  goes  into  ttlect.  is  everywhere  kept  as  a  day  of  flisting  and  humiliation. 
l^Iags  are  lowered  to  half-mast,  shops  shut  up,  and  the  places  of  worship 

•  Bancroft,  Hist.  U.  S.,  toI.  vii.  page  128. 


1S75.]  Jfr.  BroKiis  Ovation  in  PJiihiddpltia,  429 

crowded  with  thouelitful  men.  Nine-tenths  of  tiie  houses  in  Philadelpliia 
are  closed  iu  mournin::,  and  the  famous  bolls  of  C'hri'^t  Churfli  are  uuitl!i-(l 
ill  distress.  Nor  are  tlie  fcllow-coiuitryineu  of  the;  r.o.>tonian.s  content  v.ith 
this  manifestation  of  their  symj)athy.  From  every  part  of  the  colonies  come 
contributions  for  the  sulieruiij  poor,  ^loncy,  provisions,  and  articles  of 
clothin:^  pour  iu  from  every  side.  There  is  but  ou«i  sentiment  in  the  ^rcat 
majority  of  the  pieople, — a  determination  to  support  the  men  of  Jlassachu- 
setts  to  tl\e  euil.  They  were  not  unconscious  of  the  dangers  of  ••uch  a 
course.  The  disparity  between  the  ))0wer  of  Grt-at  liritiiin  iind  tl.eir  own 
was  far  more  apparent  to  them  than  it  can  ever  bo  to  us.  Tiiey  saw  her 
the  lix'st  power  of  the  age, — fresh  from  the  memorable  wars  in  which  she  had 
destroyed  t!ie  naval  and  colonial  power  of  France.  The  air  still  rang  with 
the  cheers  \\\i\\  which  thty  had  greeted  her  successive  triumphs,  each  of 
which  they  had  come  to  look  upon  as  their  own.  IJer  armies  had  been 
victorious  iu  every  land,  her  fleets  tnum})hant  on  the  most  distant  seas,  and 
whatever  of  spirit,  of  courage,  and  of  endurance  they  might  believe  t!iem- 
selves  to  possess  they  had  inherited  from  her.  '•  We  have  not  fit  men  for  the 
times,"  wrote  one  of  the  loading  actors  iu  the  drama  that  was  about  to  begin  ; 
"  we  are  deficient  m  geuius,  in  education,  iu  travel,  in  fortune,  in  everything. 
I  feel  unutterable  anxiety.'  But  there  is  no  thought  of  yielding  in  any- 
hnr'r'?  brr-^i*-.  >■•  flAfl  gM!!*.  US  "■i£doai  a:i'l  fjrtlLude,"  writes  John  Adams, 
in  June,  and  he  speaks  the  universal  sentiment  of  his  countrymen.  '•  Siiould 
the  opposition  be  suppressed,  should  this  country  sul)nut,  what  infamy  and 
ruin!  God  forbid  !  Deatli  in  any  form  is  less  terrible."'''  It  was  out  of 
this  consciousness  of  weakness  that  the  strength  of  the  lievolution  grew. 
Had  Massachusetts  stood  alone,  had  a  feeling  of  strength  seduced  the  cohi- 
nies  to  remain  divided,  the  end  v/ould  have  beeu  far  ditlerent.  Singly,  they 
would  ha%-e  offered  but  a  slight  resistance, — together,  they  were  invincible. 
And  the  blind  policy  of  the  English  king  and  ministry  steadily  fostered  this 
sentiment  of  union.  The  closing  of  the  port  of  Boston  was  intended  by  its 
authors  to  punish  Massachusetts  alone,  but  the  merchant  of  Charleston  or 
New- York  saw  in  the  act  the  attempt  to  exercise  a  poweX-3vhich  might  one 
day  be  directed  against  him,  and  the  Penusylvanian  could  have  little  feeling 
of  security  in  submitting  his  valued  institutions  to  the  mercy  of  those  who 
sought,  by  an  act  of  Parliament,  to  sweep  away  the  ancient  charter  of  Mas- 
sachusetts. The  cause  of  one  colony  became  the  cause  of  all.  The  rights 
of  Massachusetts  were  the  rights  of  America. 

All  through  the  spring  and  summer  there  has  been  earnest  consultation. 
Couriers  are  riding  here  and  there  with  messages  from  the  Committees  of 
Correspondence  which,  thanks  to  Samuel  Adams,  have  been  established  in 
every  village.  A  constant  interchange  of  counsels  has  soon  begotten  confi- 
dence; with  better  understanding  has  come  a  sense  of  strength.  Each 
colony  seems  ready  for  her  share  of  the  responsibility,  and  no  town,  however 
feeble,  feels  alone.  Boston  is  strengthened  in  her  glorious  martyrdom  as 
her  sister  towns  reach  forth  to  clasp  her  shackled  hands,  and  the  cry  goes 
forth,  at  last,  for  the  assembling  of  a  Continental  Corigress.  "  Permit  me 
to  suggest  a  general  Congress  of  deputies  from  the  several  Houses  of  As- 
sembly on  the  Continent,''"^  John  Hancock  says  on  the  4th  of  3Iarch,  "as 
the  most  etfeetual  method  of  establishing  a  union  for  the  security  of  our 
rightjj  and  liberties."     "■  A  Congress,  and  then  an  Assembly  of  States,"  "* 

•   Worki  of  John  Adams,  toI.  ii.  p.  3^3.  ■  Idem. 

2  Bancrolc's  Hat.  U.  S.,  vol.  vi.  p.  5u8.  *  Ibid.,  p.  456. 

TOL.  XXIX.  3t* 


430  3fr.  Broion's  Orathm  in  PJnladelphla.  [Oct. 

cries  Samuel  Aaams.  i,.  A,„-iI,  177;?.     Here  is  a  call  for  u  ..eneral  Co,..,-,  s 
lu  the  newspaper  u'l.ich  I  l.oM  i„  .nv  lia.H],~a  jounnl  pt.UisheTin     M  II 
de  ph.a  on  the  1 1  th  of  October,  1773.     '•  k  Co.i^re     "    ilt  t    h  ^         '^• 
la  erty  c.f  New-YorV  in  the  spri.g  of  the  foilowh."  year  Tnf  if  all^;.? 
ot  the  country  the  or;   n.eets  with  a  response.     The  first  oMicial  ca?l  c  j  e 

of  the  S't  u-  r""  "i"'  '"  f ''2  """^^"  ?^  ^'"•^^'  ^'""^''-''  '"  the  Ion.  room 
resc  ved   Lft    ;    '  'T^  ^T^'  "''^'  "^^^''  consultation,  unanimously 

rt.o    ed  th  I    the  (governor  he  asked  at  once  to  call  a  meetin..  of  the  As 

eml.ly  of  thjs  Provmce,  and  a  Committee  of  a,rre.pondence  be  an.'Lted 
^ownte  to  the  men  of  Boston/' that  we  consider  them  as  sufS-inT  he 
general  cause;"    'that  ue  truly  feel  for  their  unhappy  situation  ;"°that  we 

ecommend  to  them  iirmness,  prudence,  and  moderation  ;"  and  that  '•  le 
itbtV.'- ""  '^  "'"^^  ^"^  '^"  ^^^^^^^"-  '^  ^^-  -"-  of  Amlicua 
l^e  messenger  who  bears  this  letter  firuls  the  country  all  alive  The 
Boston  Committee  sends  southward  a  calm  statement  of  the  situatio"n  and 
asks  for  general  counsel  and  support.  Rumor  follows  rumo  a  thl'^- 
go  by,  and  present  ly  a  courier  comes  riding  down  the  dusty  Kin.'     II th 

r:4!:""T^l'!  ^^r.'\T''^ ---J--  --  till  he  reaches "^^he  Merchants' 

-v,-^..  ..  ..o     ,.^c.c  .iio  puLnocs  are  assembled  in  committee.     Thp  inf..li; 

gence  he  bnngs  is  stirring,  for  men  come  forth  with  flushal  cheek     and 
sparklmg  eyes.     And  soon  it  is  on  every  lip.     Behold    -reat  L^  ?     rin 

^.m  Adams  has  locked  the  Asseml>ly  doorL  the  kTng's^offi;err;t  sJ^m 
and  the  Genera  Court  has  named  Philadelphia  and  the  first  ^f  SeptemW 
as  the  place  and  tune  for  the  assemblincr  of  a  Con-.p^^  ^f  n  1  "' .'^*^P^^™'^er 
the  colonies.  Tw.l.e  hundred  miles  ot%l:t'irror  alame'^No  Tth 
enthu,rasm  conhned  to  youth  alone.  Hopkins  and  Hawlev  in  Xew-En'  land 
and  Gadsden  m  Carohna,  are  as  full  of  tire  as  their  younger  breth7e,r  an d 
faraway  ma  corner  of  the  British  capital,  a  stout  old  c^emleman  in  a  .W 
of  gray  cloth,  wuh  spectacles  on  his  nose,  and  a  bright  "t^inWe  in  hi,  eve 
IS  steaddy  prepanng  for  the  struo-,de  which  hp  u-;-«  ^y""^!®/^  ^tii.,  e\e, 
so^ed  Franklin,-,^s  long  foreseen  ^^f^^'Z^t^^::^ 
mes  choose  delegates.  Coimecticut  first,  Massachu-^etts  nexf  ?r  f.v  1  TT 
third,  xXew-IIampshire  on  the  21st  of  July,  pfntyl  "nia  on  ^t  '  "  1  J 
so  on  until  all  but  Georgia  have  elected  represent'  iveTYpt  nil  I  ' 
Pa^li^ent  are  deaf  and  blind,  royal  ^::^t:ir^ :1^^:Z^ 
setts  stands  alone  ;  there  wd  be  no  Congress  of  the  other  cobnies."  Bo  too 
lies  St  11,  the  shipping  motionless  :n  her  harbor,  the  merchandise  rottin^  on 
her  wharves;  and  e  sewhere,  as  of  old,  the  dull  routine  of  provSfhTe 
goes  jogging  on.  The  creaking  stages  lumber  to  and  fro.  Sh^ps  sail  slowlv 
up  to  town,  or  swing  out  into  the  stream  waitiuc  for  a  wind  f .  l  .7^ 
out  to  sea.  Men  rise  and  go  to  work,  eat,  lie  ^down  anT/leV.  ThJt" 
'^^2^^!''''^''^^  ^-'  -  ^^^  ^-«^  ^^^^  of  TummerVa^s: 

^^  ^^i|-4 1.^^:^^:^^^-^ 

been   arriving.       lestenlay,    Christopher    Gadsden  °and   Thomal^ynel! 


1875.]  3/r.  Browns  Oration  hi  Philddelphia.  431 

Es(|uires,  landed  a:  ilu^  wliarf,  having  corae  by  sea  from  Charleston,  South 
Carolina;  to-d.iy.  C.'I.Miel  Nathauii.:!  P^olsom  and  Major  John  Sullivan,  ilu; 
delegates  from  >rt\v  Hampshire,  ride  into  town.'  The  fricmls  of  libcity 
are  bn>;v.  The  vrroat  eoach-and-four'  of  Joim  Dickinson  ndl-s  rapiilly 
through  the  stree:?  as  he  hastens  to  greet  the  Virgiiuan  gt-ntlcnicn  who 
havo  ju-,t  ariivel.  av.d  in  the  northern  suburbs  a  eompany  of  lior.sctnvn  h:H 
gallopetl  out  the  old  King's  Koad  to  welcome  tlie  dtdegatt-s  from  Mas-arhu- 
setts.  who  have  arrived  at  Frankford,  with  Sam  Adams  at  tht-ir  h^ad.^  ^\  ith 
Saturda}'  niglit  they  are  all  here,  save  those  from  JS'orth  Carolina,  who  were 
not  chosen  till  the  -■'rh,  but  are  on  their  way. 

Sunday  comes — ihe  last  Sabbath  of  the  old  j-)rovincial  days.  Tiie  IviU 
of  Christ  Church  chime  sweetly  in  the  morning  air,  and  her  uihics  aro 
crowded  beyond  their  wont ;  but  the  solemn  service  glides  alou",  its  in 
other  days,  with  its  prayer  for  king  and  queen,  so  soon  to  bo  read  for  i he- 
last  time  within  those  walls;  and  the  thought,  perhaps,  never  breaks  the 
stillness  of  the  Quakers  meeting-house  that  a  thing  has  coine  to  juiss  that 
will  make  their  quiet  town  immortal.  Then  the  long  afternoon  fadc.->  uwiiv 
and  the  sun  sinks  down  yonder  over  Valley  Forge. 

The  fifth  day  of  September  dawns  at  last.  At  ten  in  the  moniin<_'  the 
delegates  assemble  at  the  Merchants'  Cotiee  House.*  From  that  iH)iiit  ih.-v 
iiiaiCix  ojj  iuuL  i.i.v.'-.g  liic  oticcX  uui.il  Liicy  rcacn  Liie  thix'.^liuiii  ol  ibis  ji.iil. 
And  what  a  memorable  procession  !  The  young  men  cluster  around  tln-m 
as  they  pass,  for  these  are  their  chosen  leaders  in  the  strug_d.;  that  h  li 
come.  The  women  peep  at  them,  wonderingly,  from^the  bowcit  windc.iwr, 
of  their  low-roofed  houses,  little  dreaming,  perhaps,  that  these  arc  the 
fathers  of  a  republic  for  the  sake  of  which  their  hearts  are  soon  to  be  wn:ng 
and  their  homes  made  desolate.  Here  a  royalist — '"Tory"  he  is  roou  (■> 
be  called — turns  out  for  them  to  pass,  scarcely  attempting  to  hiile  tin-  hiK-t-r 
that  trembles  on  his  lips,  or  some  stern-browed  Friend,  a  man  of  peace,  iii^ 
broad-brimmed  hat  set  tirmly  on  his  head,  goes  by,  with  measure<l  foot>i<-p». 
on  the  other  side.  Yonder  urchin,  playing  by  the  roadside,  turns  his  ht.i.l 
suddenly  to  stare  at  this  stately  company.  Does  he  dream  of  the  wondvr-* 
he  shall  live  to  see?  ^len  whose  names  his  children  shall  revere  thruii:.'li 
all  descending  generations  have  brushed  by  him  while  he  played,  and  v.- 1  !!•• 
knows  them  not.  And  so  along  the  street,  and  down  the  liarrow  court,  ;i.-id 
up  the  broad  steps  the  Congress  takes  its  way. 

The  place  of  meeting  has  been  well  chosen.  Some  of  the  Ft-nnsylvani- 
ans  would  have  preferred  the  State  House,  but  that  is  t!ie  seat  of  Gowrn- 
ment,  and  the  Assembly,  which  has  adjourned,  has  niaile  no  proviiiui  j.ir 
the  meeting  of  Congress  there.  Here,  too,  have  been  lu;ld  the  town  nj. •..•:- 
ings  at  which  the  people  have  protested  against  the  acts  of  1'arli.imeiit,  aiid 

'  Pennsyhania  Packet  for  Auj^.  29,  1774. 

*  "Mr.  Dickinson,  the  farmer  of  Pennsylvania,  time  ia  his  coach,  with  four  (jc.Hunfal 
horses,  to  Mr.  WiiriTs  lod-r;ni:.s  to  see  us." — /.  Adams's  Works,  vol.  ii.  p.  '-ti'tO. 

'^  J.  Adams's  Uyr/ii,  vul.  ii.  p.  ;)o7,  '•.\ftor  dinner  wc  ^toppeil  at  Fr.mkf.nl,  ;if>oiit  fiTC 
miles  out  of  town.  \  nurnt.i-r  of  carriages  and  t:entienien  came  out  ni  i'h.l.nl.ipli'ii  ut 
meet  us.  .  .  .  We '.verc  introduced  to  ail  tliese  Ljentlenieu,  and  cordially  welf>.iii<.l  to 
Philadelphia.  We  then  rod-  into  the  town,  :ind,  dirty,  du>!y,  and  i.itiu'uid  a.t  we  «.  n-,  we 
could  not  resi-t  the  im;)ortiin:ty  to  ;,'o  to  the  t;ivei!i,  tiie  niu.-t  ^'ciitecl  one  in  .\iiiiri.-.i." 
The  import<int  consequemes  of  thi.s  meeting  at  Fninkford  are  !-et  furtii  in  a  lftt<Tot  .\.1.ut.! 
to  T.  Pickering  in  \bZ2,  printed  ia  a  note  on  page  512  of  the  same  voluine.  ruwf,  duo,  vol. 
i.  p.  151. 

••  Then  called  the  City  Tavern.  It  stood  on  the  west  side  of  Second  Street,  atwve  ^W  ulnat, 
at  the  comer  of  Gold  Street  (or  Bank  AlJi-y),  :ti:d  had  heen  recently  oi  ened  hy  D.iniel 
Smith.  It  w.is  idrealv  t!:e  rendezvous  of  the  \Vhii:s.  .ks  the  Louden  C'l.ilVu  II-Ki.-e  (-r:tl 
standing),  at  Front  and  Market,  h.id  long  heeuoftho  Tory  party. —  V\de  WtbTcoir'a  Uist. 
of  Phila.,  Philadelphia  Library  copy,  vol.  it.  p.  3tti. 


432  JMr.  Broicns  Oration  in  Philadelphia.  [Oct. 

the  Carpenters'  Company,  which  owns  the  hall,  is  ma<le  up  of  the  frionds 
of  liljerty.  It  luis  otltiod  its  hall  to  the  dylctrates,  and  the  place  seems  iic. 
It  is  "a  spacious  hall,"  says  one  of  theui,'  and  above  there  is  '"a  chauilit.T, 
with  an  excelleut  library,"  "  a  couvenicMit  eliaiuber  opposite  to  this,  and  j. 
\oag  entry  wlieie  <jentlenien  may  walk."  The  question  is  put  whether  the 
gentlemen  are  satistied,  and  passed  in  the  allirmative;  the  members  are 
soon  Seated  and  the  doors  are  sliut.  The  silence  is  tirst  broken  by  Mr. 
Lynch,  of  South  Carolina.  '*  There  is  a  gentleman  present,"  he  says, 
"  who  has  pre-^idt'd  with  great  dignity  over  a  very  respectable  societ}",  ami 
greatly  to  the  adv;int:ige  of  America;"  and  he  '•  moves  that  the  lion.  Pey- 
ton Ivandolph,  Esquire,  one. of  the  delegates  from  Viigluia,  be  a[ipoinn-d 
chairman."  He  doubts  not  it  will  be  unanimous.  It  is  so,  and  yond'.-i* 
large,  well-looking  man,"  carefully  dj-essed,  with  well-powdered  wig  aud 
scarlet  coat,  rises  and  takes  the  chair.  The  commissions  of  the  delegates 
are  then  produced  and  read,  after  which  3Ir.  Lynch  nominates  as  secretary 
Mr.  Charles  Thomson,  "  a  gentleman,"  he  says,  *' of  family,  fortune,  and 
character."  And  thereupon,  with  that  singular  wisdom  which  our  early 
statesmen  sboweil  in  tlieir  selection  of  men  for  all  posts  of  responsibility, 
the  Congress  calls  nito  his  country's  service  that  admirable  man,  '•  the  8am 
Adams  of  Philadelphia  and  the  life  of  the  cause  of  liberty."^  While  the 
preliminaries  are  li'-^ing  dc^p-^ched,  let  u:^  take  a  iuuk  at  this  company,  for 
it  is  the  most  extraordinary  assemblage  America  has  ever  seen.  There  are 
fifty  delegates  present,  the  representatives  of  eleven  colonies.  Georgia  has 
had  no  election,  the  North  Carolinians  have  not  yet  arrived,  and  John 
Dickinson,  that  "  shadow,  slender  as  a  reed,  and  pale  as  ashes,"  that  Penn- 
sylvania farmer  who  has  sown  the  seeds  of  empire,  is  not  a  member  yet.* 
Directly  in  front,  in  a  seat  of  prominence,  sits  Richard  Henry  Lee.  His 
brilliant  eye  and  Komaii  profile  would  make  him  a  marked  man  in  any 
company.  One  hand  has  been  injured,  and  is  wrap[>ed,  as  you  see,  in  a 
covering  of  black  silk,  but  rthtm  he  speaks  his  movements  are  so  graceful 
and  his  voice  so  swetjt  that  you  forget  the  defect  of  gesture,  for  he  is  an 
orator, — the  greatest  in  America,  perhaps,  save  only  one.  That  tall  man 
with  the  swarthy  face  and  black,  unpowdered  hair,  is  William  Livingston 

'  John  Adams,  from  wtiosc  Journal  or  Correspondence  I  have  taken  the  personal  descrip- 
tions in  nearly  every  instance. 

^  During  tlie  delivery  of  tlii.s  address  no  ori;,'inal  portrait  of  Mr.  Randolph  hang  above 
the  chair  in  whicii  lie  >at  duriu;:  the  sosi-ions  of  Coiigro^s. 

3  The  Hon.  Eli  K.Price  has  kindly  sent  nie  the  following  interesting  account  of  the 
manner  in  which  this  was  made  known  to  Mr.  Thomson.  The  alliijiun  in  the  address 
"reminded  me,"  writes  a  lady  uf  Mr.  Price's  family,  Miss  Rebecca  Emhree,  -'of  the  .sre.it 
simplicity  of  riiat  appoinunent,  as  I  have  heard  it  Vclated  by  Deborah  Lo.iran,  wife  of  Dr. 
George  Logan  of  ijtentor,  viz.:  'Charles  Tliom^un  had  accompanied  his  wife  on  a  bridal 
visit  to  Deborah  Lo_'an's  mother,  Mary  Parker  Xorris,  who  resided  on  Chestnut  Street  above 
Fourth,  where  the  CU'toia  Uim-e  now  stands.  Whilst  there  a  messenger  arrived  inquiring 
for  Mr.  Thomson,  and  informed  him  that  he  was  wanted  at  Carpenters'  Hall.  Being 
introduced  to  the  company  there  assembled,  he  was  requested  to  act  as  their  secretary,  which 
he  accordingly  did.'" 

*  Justice  is  not  done  now-a-days  to  the  patriotic  labors  of  John  Dickinson.  The  ieffect  of 
his  Farmer's  Lett.rs  in  preptinii::  the  mind-  of  his  countrymen  for  resistance  to  Great  Briuiin 
can  hariUy  be  exa.rjir:.ti.d,  and  to  him  they  owe«l  the  phrase  "No  taxation  without  repre- 
sentation." Wlieri  the  Cjn:nc-s  of  177t  a>-iembled  no  mau  iri  the  colonies  was  more  prom- 
inent than  theP.innrr,  and  his  intltieiice  upon  its  ileliljcrations  w;is  verv  great.  On  pai^e  loof 
the  valuable  Earl;/  Htstory  of  the  Falls  of  Schtnjlkill,  etc.  etc.,  bv  Chiirks  Y.  Hagaer,  F.<q., 
will  be  found  an  interesting  account,  taken  partly  frum  the  Pennsi/hania  Gazette  ot' }tli\y 
12,  I76S,  of  the  pre-entatiwn  of  a  laudatory  atldrcss  tu  Mr.  Dickinson  by  the  Society  of 
Fort  St.  Davids.  Other  .-imihir  addresses  were  sent  to  him  from  various  parts  of  the 
colonies,— one  especially  worthy  ot  note  being  signed  by  Dr.  Benjamin  Cliurch,  John 
Hanco'k,  Samuel  Ad.'.i:is,  Dr.  J.jseuh  W'arreu,  and  John  llowe,  and  inclosing  resolutions 
adopted  at  a  town-mccting  held  in  Ijoston. 


1875.]  Mr.  Broiois  Oration  in  Philadelphia.  433 

of  New-Jersey, — "  no  public  speaker,  but  sensible  aii<l  learned."  Beside 
hira.  with  liiis  slender  form  bent  forward,  and  hi.-,  ficu  lit  with  enthusiasm, 
sits  his  son-in-law,  John  Jay,  soon  to  be  famous.  He  is  the  youngest  of 
the  drh'rratP^.  pn.l  vo'id-r  s-ifs  the  oldest  of  them  all.  His  form  is  bent,  his 
thin  locks  IrinLdng  a  forehead  bowed  with  age  and  honorable  service,  and 
his  hamls  sliake  tremulously  as  he  folds  thoni  in  his  lap.  It  is  Stejdien 
Hopkins,  once  Chief  Justice  of  Rhode-Island.  Close  by  him  is  his  col- 
league, Samuel  "Ward,  and  Sherntan  of  Connecticut, — that  strong  man 
whose  nanie  is  to  be  made  honorable  by  more  than  one  generation.  John- 
son of  Maryland  is  here,  "that  clear,  cool  head,"  and  Paca,  his  colleague, 
"  a  wise  deliherator."  Bland  of  Virginia  is  that  learned-looking,  "  book- 
ish man"  beside  '-zealous,  hot-headed"  Edward  Rutledge.  The  Peun- 
sylvanians  are  grouped  together  at  one  side, — Morton,  Humphreys,  Mitilin, 
lihoads,  Biddle.  Boss,  and  Galloway,  the  Speaker  of  the  Assembly.  Bend- 
ing forward  to  whisper  in  the  hitter's  ear  is  Duane  of  New  York, — that 
sly-lookiag  man,  a  little  '•  squint-eyed  "  (John  Adams  has  already  wntten 
of  him),  "  very  sensible  and  very  artful."  That  large-featured  man,  with 
the  broad,  0{)en  countenance,  is  "SVilliara  Hooper;  that  other,  with  the 
Roman  nose,  iMcKean  of  Delaware.  Rodney,  the  hitter's  colleague,  sits 
beside  him,  "  the  oddest-looking  man  in  the  world, — tall,  thin,  pale,  his  face 
iio  I'iggei  liiuu  a  large  apple,  vet  beaming  with  sense,  and  wit,  an<l  humor." 
Yonder  is  Christopher  Gadsden,  who  has  been  preaching  independence  to 
South  Carolina  these  ten  years  past.  He  it  is  who,  roused  by  the  report 
that  the  regulars  have  commenced  to  bombard  Boston,  proposes  to  march 
northward  and  defeat  Gage  at  once,  before  his  reinforcements  can  arrive  ; 
and  when  some  one  timidly  says  that  in  the  event  of  war  the  British  will 
destroy  the  sea-port  towrs,  turns  on  the  speaker,  with  this  grand  reply  : 
"  Our  towns  are  builL  of  brick  and  wood  ;  if  they  are  burned  down  we  can 
rebuild  them  ;  but  liberty  once  lost  is  gone  forever."  In  all  this  iamous 
company  perhaps  the  mo-t  noticed  are  the  ]Massachusetts  members.  That 
colony  ha?  thus  far  taken  the  lead  in  the  struggle  with  the  mother-country. 
A  British  army  is  encamped  upon  her  soil ;  the  gates  of  her  chief  town  are 
shut ;  against  'her  people  the  full  force  of  the  resentment  of  king  and 
parliament  is  spent.  Her  sufferings  called  this  Congr.'ss  into  being,  and 
now  lend  sad  prominence  to  her  ambassadors  ;  and  of  them  surely  Samuel 
Adams  is  the  chief.  AVhat  must  be  his  emotions  as  he  sits  here  to-duy. — he 
who  "  eats  little,  drinks  little,  and  thinks  much,"' — that  strong  man  whose 
undaunted  spirit  has  led  his  countrymen  up  to  the  possibilities  of  this  day  ? 
It  is  hi-'  plan  of  correspondence,  adopted,  after  a  hard  struggle,  in  November, 
1772,  that  first  made  feasible  a  union  in  the  common  defence.  He  called 
for  union  as  early  as  April,  1773.  For  that  he  had  labored  without  cea.-iug 
and  without  end,  now  arousing  the  drooping  spirits  of  less  sanguine  men, 
now  repressing  the  enthusiasm  of  rash  hearts,  which  threatened  to  bring  on 
a  crisis  before  the  time  was  ripe,  and  all  the  while  thundering  against  tyranny 
through  the  columns  of  the  Boston  Gazette.  As  he  was  ten  years  ago  he  is 
to-day,  the  master-spirit  of  the  time, — as  cool,  as  watchful,  as  steadfast,  now 
that  the  hour  of  his  triumph  is  at  hand,  as  when,  in  darker  ihiys,  iie  took 
up  the  burden  James  Otis  could  no  longer  bear.  Beside  him  sits  his  younger 
kinsman,  John  Adams,  a  man  after  his  own  heart, — bold,  fertile,  resolute,  an 
eloquent  speaker,  and  a  leader  of  men.  But  whose  is  yonder  tall  and  manly 
form  ?     It  is  that  of  a  man  of  forty  years  of  age,  in  the  prime  of  vigorous 

'   Historical  and  PuUtical  R'-f.cctinm  on  the  Rise  and  Progress  of  the  American  Rebellion, 
by  JosEi'H  Galloway,  London,  1760. 


434  Mr.  Brown's  Oration  in  Philadelphia.  [Oct. 

manhood.  He  has  not  spoken,  for  he  is  no  orator,  but  there  is  a,  look  of 
command  in  his  broad  face  and  firm-s<'!t  mouth  tliat  marks  him  among  m<.'ii, 
and  sc'L-ms  to  justify  the  dcferonco  with  \vhii:h  his  colleagues  turn  to  si)C'ak 
with  him.  He  has  taken  a  back  seat,  as  becomes  one  of  his  great  mode>ty, — 
for  }■'-  '•-  ^:...u  evcii  iii  iliat, — but  lie  is  still  the  foreaio.r.t  man  in  all  this 
company.  This  is  lie  who  has  just  made  in  the  Virginia  Convention  that 
speech  which  Lynch  of  Carolina  says  is  the  most  elo'jnent  that  ever  was 
made:  "I  will  raise  a  thousand  men,  subsist  them  at  my  own  exj)ense,  and 
march  with  them  at  their  head  for  the  relief  of  lioston."  These  were  his 
words, — and  his  name  is  'Washington.  Such  was  the  Continental  Congiess 
assembled  in  Philadelphia. 

Its  members  were  met  by  a  serious  difficulty  at  the  very  outset.  Tiie 
question  at  once  arose.  How  should  their  votes  be  cast — by  colonies,  by 
interest,  or  by  the  poll  ?  Some  were  for  a  vote  by  colonies  ;  but  tlie  larger 
ones  at  once  raised  the  important  objection  that  it  would  be  unjust  to  alluw 
to  a  little  colony  the  same  weight  as  a  lar^re  one.  "  A  small  colony,"  was 
the  reply  of  Major  Sullivan  of  New  Hamjishire,  "  has  its  all  at  stake,  as  well 
as  a  large  one."  Virginia,  responded  the  delegates  from  the  Old  Duniinio!!, 
will  never  consent  to  waive  her  full  representation  ;  and  one  of  them  went 
so  far  as  to  intimate  that  if  she  were  denied  an  influence  in  proportion  to  her 
size  and  numbers,  she  would  never  fgnin  Lo  r^preseiiLed  in  such  an  assembly. 
On  the  otber  hand,  it  was  confessed  to  be  impossible  to  determine  the  relative 
weight  which  should  be  assigned  to  each  colony.  There  were  no  tables  of 
population,  of  products,  or  ol  trade,  nor  had  there  been  a  common  system 
in  the  choice  of  delegates.  P^ach  province  had  sent  as  many  as  it  liked, — 
Massachusetts  four.  South  Carolina  five,  Virginia  seven,  Pennsylvania  eight. 
In  one  case  they  had  been  chosen  by  a  convention  of  the  people,  in  another 
by  a  general  election,  in  most  by  the  Assembly  of  the  province.  There 
was  no  rule  by  which  the  members  could  be  guided.  xVor  was  this  the  only 
point  of  difference  among  the  delegates.  On  no  one  thing  did  they  seem  at 
first  sigiit  to  agree.  Some  were  for  resting  their  rights  on  a  historical 
basis, — others  upon  the  law  of  nature.  These  acknowledged  the  power  of 
Great  Britain  to  regulate  trade, — those  denied  her  right  to  legislate  for 
America  at  all.  One  would  have  omitted  the  Quebec  bill  from  the  list  of 
grievances, — another  held  it  to  be  of  them  all  the  very  worst.  Some  were 
for  paying  an  indemnity  for  the  destruction  of  the  tea, — others  cried  out 
that  thi.s  were  to  yield  the  point  at  once.  One  was  defiant,  a  second 
conciliatory;  Gadsden  desired  independence;  Washington  believed  that  it 
was  wished  for  by  no  thinking  man. 

It  was  with  a  full  sense  of  the  diversity  of  these  views,  of  the  importance 
of  a  speedy  decision,  and  of  the  danger  of  dissension,  that  the  Congress  re- 
assembled the  next  morning. 

When  the  doors  had  been  closed,  and  the  preliminaries  gone  through 
with,  it  is  related  that  an  oppressive  silence  prevailed  for  a  long  time  before 
any  man  s[ioke.  No  one  seemed  willing  to  take  the  lead.  It  was  a  season 
of  great  doubt  and  greater  danger.  Now,  for  the  first  time  perhaps,  when 
the  excitement  of  the  a=:sembling  had  passed  away,  and  reflection  had  come 
to  calm  men's  minds,  the  members  realized  completely  the  importance  of  their 
acts.  Their  countrymen  watched  and  waited  everywhere.  In  the  most 
distant  hamlet  beyond  the  mountains,  in  the  lonely  cabin  by  the  sea,  eves 
were  turned  to  this  place  with  anxious  longing,  and  yonder,  in  the  North, 
the  brave  to^n  lay  patient  in  licr  chains,  resting  her  hopes  for  deliverance 
upon  them.     And  not  Bostuu  only,  nor  Muosachusetts,  depended  upon  them. 


1S75.]  J/r.  Brorrns  Oration  in  Philndelphia.  435 

Tlie  fate  of  linmnriity  for  !]^enenitioTis  was  to  be  alTbctecl  by  their  acts.  Per- 
haps in  the  .■^ti'.lricss  of  this  morning  hour  there  came  to  some  of  iheni  a 
vi'^ion  of  the  time  to  come.  Perliaps  to  him,  ou  wliose  great  heart  was 
destinei^  so  Ion*-  to  h"e  the  weight  of  all  America,  it  was  permit  toil  to  look 
beyond  the  present  hour,  like  that  great  leader  of  an  earlier  race  when  he 
stood  silent,  rpoti  a  peak  in  jMoab,  and  overlooked  the  Promised  Land. 
Like  him,  he  was  to  be  the  chosen  of  his  people  ;  like  him,  noldier,  law- 
giver, statesman.  Like  him,  he  was  destined  to  lead  his  l)rethren  through 
the  wilderness;  and.  happier  than  he,  was  to  behold  the  fulhlment  of  his 
labor.  Perhaps,  as  he  sat  here  iu  the  solemn  stillness  that  fell  upon  this 
company,  he  may  have  seen,  in  imagination,  the  wonders  of  the  century  that 
is  complete  to-day.  If  he  had  spoken,  might  he  not  have  said  :  I  see  a 
winter  of  trouble  and  distress,  and  then  the  smoke  of  cannon  in  the  North. 
I  see  long  years  of  sutlering  to  be  borne,  our  cities  sacked,  our  fiehls  laid 
waste,-our  hearths  made  desolate;  men  trudging  heavily  through  blood- 
stained snow,  and  wailing  women  refusing  to  be  comforted.  I  see  a  time  of 
danger  and  defeat,  and  then  a  day  of  victory.  I  see  this  people,  virtuous 
and  free,  fonnding  a  government  on  the  rights  of  man.  I  see  that  govern- 
ment grown  strong,  that  people  prosperous,  pnshing  its  way  across  a 
continent.  I  see  these  villages  become  wealthy  cities,  these  colonies  great 
States,  the  Uuiou  we  are  about  to  found  a  power  among  the  nations,  and  I 
know  that  future  generations  shall  rise  np  and  call  us  blessed. 

Such  might  have  been  his  thoughts  as  these  founders  of  an  empire  sat  for 
a  while  silent,  foce  to  face.  It  was  the  stillness  of  the  last  hour  of  night 
before  the  morning  breaks  ;  it  was  the  quiet  which  precedes  the  storm. 

Suddenly,  in  some  part  of  this  hall  a  man  rose  up.  His  form  was  tall 
and  angular,  and  his  short  wig  and  coat  of  black  gave  him  the  ap[tearance 
of  a  clergyman.  His  complexion  was  swarthy,  his  nose  long  and  straight, 
his  mouth  large,  but  with  a  firm  expression  on  the  thin  lips,  and  his  fore- 
head exceptionally  high.  The  most  remarkable  feature  of  his  face  was  a 
pair  of  deep-set  eyes,  of  piercing  brilliancy,  changing  so  constantly  with  the 
emotions  which  they  expressed  that  none  could  tell  the  color  of  them.  He 
began  to  speak  in  a  hesitating  manner,  faltering  through  the  oi)eniug  sen- 
tences, as  if  fully  convmced  of  the  inability,  which  he  expressed,  to  do 
justice  to  his  theme.  But  presently,  as  he  reviewed  the  wrongs  of  the 
colonies  through  the  past  ten  years,  his  cheek  glowed  and  his  eye  flashed 
fire  and  his  voice  rang  out  rich  and  full,  like  a  trumpet,  through  this  hall. 
He  seemed  not  to  speak  like  mortal  man,  thought  one  who  heard  him  ten 
years  before  in  the  Vircfinia  House  of  Burgesses  ;  and  a  recent  essayist  in 
.a  leading  English  Rcvie-.v  has  spoken  of  him  as  one  of  the  greatest  orators 
that  ever  lived.*  There  was  no  report  made  of  his  speech  that  day,  but 
from  the  notes  which  John  Adams  kept  of  the  debate  we  may  learn  what 
line  of  argument  he  took.  He  spoke  of  the  attacks  made  upon  America 
by  the  king  and  ministry  of  Great  Britain,  counselled  a  union  in  the  gen- 
eral defence,  and  predicted  that  future  generations  would  quote  the 
proceedbigs  of  this  Congress  with  applause.  A  step  in  advance  of  his  time, 
as  he  had  ever  been,  he  went  far  beyond  the  spirit  of  the  other  delegates, 
who,  with  the  exception  of  the  Adamses  and  Gadsden,  did  not  counsel  or 
desire  independence.  ''  An  entire  new  government  must  be  founded,"  was 
his  cry  ;  '*  this  is  the  first  in  a  never-ending  succession  of  Congresses,"  his 
prophecy.     And  gathering  up,  as  it  was  the  gift  of  his  genius  to  do,  the 

*  Essays,  bj  A.  Hajward,  Esq.,  Q.  C,  3d  series,  p.  ."^0. 


436  Mi\  Browns  Oration  in  P/tiladtljihia.  [Oct. 

tbonglit  that  \A'a;^  foremost  in  every  niind  about  bim.  be  spoke  it  in  a  singlo 
phrase:  "  Dritlsli  oppression  has  elllifed  the  ])onTi«laries  of  the  several  col- 
onies ;  I  ara  not  a  Virginian,  but  an  American." 

My  coin.trynien.  we  cannot  exasrqerate  the  debt  avc  owe  this  man.  The 
strength  ol  his  intellect,  the  fervor  of  liis  cbxiueTice,  the  earnestness  of  liis 
patriotism,  and  tlio  courage  of  bis  heart  placed  him  in  the  front  rank  of 
those  early  patriots,  and  be  stands  among  them  the  model  of  a  more  than 
Roman  virtue.  His  eloquence  was  one  of  the  chief  forces  of  the  Ameriean 
Kevolution, — as  necessary  to  that  grt'at  cause  as  the  intelligence  of  Franklin, 
the  will  of  Samuel  Adams,  the  pen  of  Thomas  Jetl'erson,  or  the  sword  of 
^Vashington.  In  such  times  of  a  nation's  trial  there  is  always  one  voice 
which  speaks  for  all.  It  echoes  the  spirit  of  the  age, — proud  or  d"Hant, 
glad  or  mournful,  now  raised  in  triumph,  now  lifted  up  in  lamentation. 
Greece  stood  on  the  Bema  with  Demosthenes  ;  indignant  Rome  thundered 
against  Catiline  with  the  tongue  of  Cicero.  The  proud  eloquence  of 
Chatham  rang  out  the  triumphs  of  the  English  name,  and  France  stood  still 
to  bear  her  Mirabeau.  Ireland  herself  plea<led  for  liberty  when  Henry 
Grattan  spoke,  and  the  voice  of  Patrick  Henry  was  the  voice  of  America, 
struggling  to  be  free  ! 

Rest  in  peace,  pure  and  patriotic  heart!  Thy  work  is  finished  and  thy 
^-T.Tne  '^cn'-e  Pc"."'.  for  tlire-c -quarters  of  a  centiay,  ■cliuu  art  still  sjieaking 
to  the  sons  of  men.  Through  all  descending  time  thy  countrymen  shall  re- 
peat thy  glowing  •ivonis,  and.  as  the  pages  of  their  greatest  bard  kept  strong 
the  virtue  of  the  Grecian  youth,  so  from  the  grave  shalt  thou,  who  "spoke 
as  Homer  wrote,"*  inspire  in  the  hearts  of  men  to  be  that  love  of  liberty 
which  tilled  thine  own  ! 

Great  as  were  at  first  the  differences  of  interest  and  opinion  among  the 
members  of  the  Congress  of  1774,  there  were  none  which  their  patriotic 
spirits  could  not  reconcile.  It  was  the  salvation  of  the  Americans  that  they 
had  chosen  for  their  counsellors  men  who  believed,  with  Thomas  Jetferson, 
that  "  the  whole  art  of  government  consists  in  the  art  of  being  honest,"'  and 
who  were  enthusiastic  lovers  of  their  country.  No  matter,  how  strong  had 
been  their  individual  opinions,  or  how  dear  the  separate  interests  involved, 
there  seemed  to  these  men  no  sacrifice  too  great  to  make  for  the  common 
cause.  As  the  debates  progressed  different  views  were  reconciled  and  pet 
theories  sacrificed  to  the  general  judgment.  Day  after  day  they  became 
more  united  and  confidence  increased.  "  This,"  wrote  John  Adams  on  the 
17th  of  September,  "  was  one  of  the  happiest  days  of  my  life.  In  Congress 
we  had  noble  sentiments  ami  manly  eloquence.  This  day  convinced  me  that 
America  will  supnort  the  ^Massachusetts  or  perish  with  her."'  After  a  full 
and  free  discussion,  in  which  the  subject  was  considered  in  all  its  aspects,  it 
was  decided  that  each  colony  v/as  entitled  to  a  single  vote.  By  this  means 
the  integrity  of  the  provinces  was  preserved,  and  out  of  it  grew  the  theory, 
so  familiar  to  us,  of  the  sovereignty  of  the  State.  It  was  next  agreed  upon  to 
rest  the  rights  of  the  colonies  on  a  historical  basis.  By  this  wise  determi- 
nation the  appearance  of  a  revolution  was  avoided,  while  the  f;xct  remained 
the  same.  Nor  was  there  a  sudden  break  in  the  long  chain  of  the  nation's 
history  ;  the  change  was  gi-adual.  not  abrupt.  The  common  law  of  England, 
under  the  benign  intlueuce  of  which  the  young  colonies  had  grown  up,  re- 
mained unchanged,  and  when,  in  less  than  two  years,  the  Declaration  or 

'  ^^emmr  of  Thomas  JpfFfrsfm,  vol.  i.  p,  115. 
*  Memoir  of  Thoiwi  Jrjrcrson,  vol.  i.  p.  3. 
'  Journal  of  John  Adams,  vol.  ii.  p.  380 


1875.]  Air.  Brown  s  Oration  in  Phlla.delphia.  437 

Indejiendence  created  a  new  government,  the  commonwcnlth  quietly  took 
the  place  of  kiii::^.  The  revolution  was  then  complete;  the  struc'-frle  which 
followed  was  merely  to  secure  it ;  and  tlie  American  grew  strong  with  the 
belief  that  it  v.-as  his  part  to  defend,  not  to  attack, — to  preierve,  not  to  de- 
itroy ;  uuJ  I'uuL  Ly  v.aa  iijialing  over  agaiii  on  his  own  soil  the  battle  for 
ci^'ii  liberty  which  his  foreiathers  had  won  in  Enghmd  more  than  a  century  be- 
fore.   'Ss'e  cannot  too  highly  prize  tlie  wi.^dom  v>  hich  thus  siiaped  the  struggle. 

Having  decided  these  points,  the  Congress  agreed  upon  a  declaration  of 
rights.  First,  then,  they  named  as  natural  riglits  the  enj(>ymeiit  of  life, 
liberty,  and  fortune.  They  next  claimed,  as  British  subjects,  to  be  bound 
by  no  law  to  which  they  had  not  consented  by  their  chosen  representatives 
(excepting  such  as  might  be  mutually  agreed  upon  as  necessary  fur  the  re- 
gulation of  trade).  They  denied  to  Fiirliameut  all  power  of  taxation,  and 
vested  the  right  of  legislutiou  in  their  own  assem])lios.  The  common  law 
of  England  they  declared  to  be  their  birthright,  including  the  rights  of  a 
trial  by  a  jury  of  the  vicinage,  of  public  meetings,  and  petition.  They 
protested  against  the  maintenance  in  the  colonies  of  standing  armies  without 
their  fidl  consent,  and  against  all  legishition  by  councils  depending  on  the 
Crown.  Having  thus  ^proclaimed  "their  rights,  they  cahnly  enumerated 
the  various  acts  which  had  been  passed  in  derogation  of  them.  These 
were  eleven  in  number,  passed  in  as  many  years, — the  Sugar  Act,  the 
Stamp  Act,  the  Tea  Act,  those  which  provided  for  the  quartering  of  the 
troops,  for  the  supersedure  of  -tlie  New- York  Legi!^lature,  for  the  trial  in 
Great  Britain  of  otTeuces  committed  in  America,  for  the  regulation  of  the 
government  of  Massachusetts,  for  the  shutting  of  the  port  of  Boston,  and 
the  last  straw,  known  as  the  Quebec  Bill. 

Their  next  care  was  to  suggest  the  remedy.  On  the  18th  of  October, 
they  adop:ed  the  articles  of  American  Association,  the  signing  of  which  (on 
the'20th)  should  be  regarded  as  the  commencement  of  the  American  Union. 
By  iis  provisions,  to  which  they  individudly  and  as  a  body  solemnly  agxeed, 
they  pledged  the  colonies  to  an  entire  commercial  non-intercourse  with 
Great  Britain,  Ireland,  the  "West  Indies,  and  such  North  American 
provinces  as  did  not  join  the  Association,  until  the  acts  of  which  America 
complained  were  all  repealed.  In  strong  language  they  denounced  the 
slave-trade,  and  agreed  to  hold  non-intercourse  with  all  who  engaged 
therein.  They  urged  upon  their  fellow-countrymen  the  duties  of  economy, 
frugality,  and"  the  development  of  their  own  resources ;  directed  the 
appointment  of  committees  in  every  town  and  village  to  detect  and 
punish  all  violators  of  the  Association,  and  inform  each  other  from  time  to 
time  of  the  condition  of  affairs  ;  and  bound  themselves,  tiually,  to  carry 
out  the  provisions  of  the  Association  by  the  sacred  ties  of  "  virtue,  honor, 
and  love  of  country." 

Having  thus  declared  their  rights,  and  their  fixed  determination^ to  defend 
them,  they  sought  to  conciliate  their  English  brethren.  In  one  of  the  most 
remarkable  state  papers  ever  written,  they  called  upon  the  people  of  Great 
Britain,  in  a  firm  but  atTectionate  tone,  to  consider  the  cause  for  which 
America  was  contending  as  one  in  which  the  inkibitants  of  the  whole  em- 
pire were  concerned,  adroitly  reminding  them  that  the  power  which 
threatened  the  liberties  of  its  American  m'ight  more  easily  destroy  those  of 
its  English  subjects.  They  rehearsed  the  history  of  their  wrongs,  and 
"  demanded  nothing  but  to  be  restored  to  the  condition  in  which  they  were 
in  17G3."  Appealing  at  last  to  the  justice  of  the  British  nation  for  a  Par- 
liament which   should   overthrow    the   "power  of  a  wicked  and  corrupt 

VOL.  XXIX.  3S 


4.38  Mv.  Broirns  Oration  in  Philadelphia.  [Oct. 

ministry,"  they  used  those  bold  and  noble  words  :  *•'  Permit  us  to  be  ns  free 
as  yourselvo-,  and  we  shall  ever  c.-t(crn  a  uniuu  \u\\x  you  Lo  be  our  ^'rt.ati:st 
glory  and  our  rrreatest  happiness  ;  we  shall  ever  be  n;ady  to  contribute  all  in 
our  power  to  the  welfare  of  the  empire ;  we  shall  consider  your  enemies  a.s  | 
cur  enemies,  your  interests  as  our  own.  But  if  you  are  determined  that  your  ! 
ministers  shall  sport  vvantordy  with  the  rights  of  mankind, — if  neither  the  j 
voice  of  justir-e,  t!ie  dictates  of  tlie  law,  the  principles  of  the  constitution,  1 
nor  the  suggestions  of  humanity  can  restrain  your  hands  from  shedding  blood  I 
in  such  an  impious  cause, — we  must  then  tell  you  that  we  will  never  submit  1 
to  be  hewers  of  wood  or  drawers  of  water  for  any  ministry  or  nation  in  the 
world." 

In  an  address  to  the  people  of  Quebec  they  described  the  despotic  ten- 
dency of  the  late  change  in  their  government  effected  by  the  Quebec  Uill,  | 
which  threatened  to  deprive  them  of  the  blessings  to  which  they  were  j 
entitled  on  becoming  English  subjects,  naming  particularly  the  rights  of  | 
representation,  of  trial  by  jury,  of  liberty  of  person  and  habeas  corpus,  of 
the  tenure  of  land  by  easy  rents  instei'd  of  oppressive  services,  and  espe- 
cially that  right  so  essential  *'  to  the  advancement  of  truth,  science,  art,  and 
morality,"  ''  to  the  dltliision  of  liberal  sentiments "  and  "  the  promotion 
of  union," — "  the  freedom  of  the  j^ress."  "  These  are  the  rights,"  said 
they,  '•  without  which.  '^  p<^'^plo  camiot  be  xi'ee  and  happy,"  and  "  which  we 
are,  with  one  mind,  -resolved  never  to  resign  but  with  our  lives."  In  con- 
clusion, they  urged  the  Canadians  to  unite  with  their  fellow-colonists  below 
the  St.  Lawrence  in  the  measures  recommended  for  the  common  good. 
They  also  prepared  letters  to  the  people  of  St.  John's,  Nova  Scotia,  Georgia, 
and  East  and  West  Florida,  who  were  not  represented  in  this  Congress, 
asking  for  their  cooperation  and  support. 

Nor  w.i.s  anyihing  omitteil  by  these  men  which  could  soften  the  hearts  of 
their  oppressors.  Declining  to  petition  Parliament,  they  had  addressed  them- 
selves to  the  people,  recognizing  in  them  for  the  first  time  the  sovereign  power. 
They  now  decided  to  petition  the  king.  In  words  both  humble  and  respect- 
ful, they  renewed  tiieir  allegiance  to  his  crown,  detailed  the  injuries  inflicted 
on  them  by  his  ministers,  and  besought  his  interference  in  their  behalf. 
*'  We  ask,"  they  said,  "  but  for  peace,  liberty,  and  safety.  We  wish  not  a 
diminution  of  the  prerogative,  nor  do  we  solicit  the  grant  of  any  new  right 
in  our  favor.  Your  royal  authority  over  us  and  our  connection  with  Great 
Britain  we  shall  always  carefully  and  zealously  endeavor  to  support  and 
maintain."  Solemnly  professing  that  their  "  coiinsels  were  influenced  by 
no  other  motive  than  a  dread  of  impending  destruction,"  they  earnestly  be- 
sought their  "  oMost  Gracious  Sovereign"  in  the  name  of  his  fiiithfij 
people  in  America,"  "  for  the  honor  of  Almighty  God,"  "  for  his  own  glory," 
"  the  interest  of  his  family,"  and  the  good  and  welfare  of  his  kingdom,  to 
suffer  not  the  most  sacred  "  ties  to  be  further  violated  "  in  the  vain  hope  "  of 
effects  "  which,  even  if  secured,  couhl  "  never  compensate  for  the  calamities 
through  which  they  must  be  gained." 

There  remained  now  for  the  Congress  but  one  thing  to  do, — to  render  to 
its  countrymen  an  account  of  its  stewardship.  In  a  long  letter  to  their  con- 
stituents, the  delegates  gave  a  summary  of  their  proceedings,  of  the 
difficulties  they  had  encountered,  the  opinions  they  had  formed,  the  policy 
they  had  agreed  to  recommend,  and,  with  a  mournful  prophecy  of  the  trials 
that  were  at  hand,  urged  their  fellow-countrymen  "  to  be  in  all  respects 
prepared  for  every  contingency."  Such  were,  in  brief,  the  memorable  state 
papers  issued  by  the  First  Continental  Congress.     And,  terrible  as  were 


1875.]  3Ir.  BroiDi's  Oration  in  Philaddphia.  439 

the  dan^ors  wliich  seemed  to  threaten  them  from  without,  its  members  were 
to  he  subjectod  to  a  trial  from  within.  On  tlie  28th  of  Soptcmber,  Joseph 
Galloway  of  Pennsylvania  submitted  to  the  Congress  his  famous  plan.*  A 
man  of  talent  and  address,  at  one  time  \\\\^\  in  the  opinion  and  contidenca 
oi  riauklLi,  he  ntyuu  at  tlio  lica<l  of  LuO  Pennsylvauia  deh/uation.  The 
Speaker  of  the  House  oi  Assend)ly,  he  had  wielded  groat  intlnencc  in  the 
j>olii'y  or  the  |)rovinc<?.  Cold,  oautious,  and  at  heart  a  thorough  royalist,  be 
determined,  if  possible,  to  nip  the  patriotic  movement  in  the  bud.  St-conded 
by  Duane  of  New-York,  he  moved  that  the  Conjiress  should  recommend 
the  establishment  of  a  British  and  American  (xovernmcnt,  to  consist  of  a 
President-General,  appointed  by  the  king,  and  a  Grand  Council,  to  bo 
chosen  by  the  several  Leizislatures ;  that  the  Council  should  have  co-ordi- 
nate powers  with  the  British  House  of  Commons,  either  body  to  originate 
a  law,  but  the  consent  of  both  to  be  necessary  to  its  passage;  the  members 
of  the  Council  to  be  chosen  for  three  years,  the  President-General  to  hold 
ofKce  at  the  pleasure  of  the  king.  Here,  then,  was  an  ingenious  trap  in  the 
very  path  of  the  infant  nation.  Some  men,  and  good  ones,  too,  fell  into  it. 
The  project  was  earnestly  supported  by  Duane.  The  younger^  Kutledge 
thouijht  it  "almost  perfect,"  and  it  met  with  the  warm  approbation  of  the 
conservative  Jay.  But  wiser  men  prevailed.  The  Virginian  and  INIassa- 
chusetts  m.embers  opnosed  it  earnestly.  Samuel  Adams  saw  in  it  the  doom 
of  all  hope  for  liberty,  and  Henry  condemned  in  every  aspect  the  pro[)Osal 
to  substitute  for  "a  corrupt  House  of  Commons"  a  "corruptible"  legisla- 
ture, and  iiitrust  tlie  power  of  taxation  to  a  body  not  elected  directly  by  the' 
people.  His  views  were  those  of  the  majority,  and  the  dangerous  proposi- 
tion met  with  a  prompt  defeat.  The  Suftblk  County  resolutions,  atlopted 
on  the  9th  of  September  at  Milton.  Massachusetts,  had  reached  Philadel- 
pliia  and  the  Congress  on  the  17th,  and  awakened  in  every  breast  the 
warmest  admiration  and  sympathy.  Resolutions  were  unanimously  adopted, 
expressing  these  feelings  in  earnest  language,  recommending  to  their  breth- 
ren of  Suffolk  County  "a  perseverance  in  the  same  tirm  and  temperate 
conduct,"  and  urging' upon  the  people  of  the  other  colonies  the  duty  of 
contributing  freely  to  the  necessities  of  the  Bostonians.  There  now  came 
a  still  more  touching  appeal  from  Massachusetts.  "  The  governor,"  it  said, 
"  was  suffering  the  soldiery  to  treat  both  town  and  country  as  declared  ene- 
mies ; "  the  course  of  trade  was  stopped:  the  administration  of  law- 
obstructed;  a  state  of  anarchy  prevailed.  Filled  with  the  spirit  which,  in 
olden  times,  had  led  the  Athenians  to  leave  their  city  to  the  foe  and  make 
their  ships  their  country,  this  gallant  people  promised  to  obey  should  the 
CoPgr.  ss  odvise  them  to  '•  quit  their  town  ;  "  but  if  it  is  ju<lired,  they  added, 
that""  by  maintaining  their  ground  they  can  better  serve  the  public  cause, 
they  will  not  shrink  "from  hardship  and  danger."*  Such  an  appeal  as  this 
could  not  have  waited  long  for  a  worthy  answer  from  the  men  of  the  First 
American  Conrrress.  The  letter  was  received  upon  October  Cth.  ^  Two 
days  later  the  otiicial  journal  contains  these  words  :  "  Upon  motion  it  was 
resolved  that  this  Congress  approve  the  opposition  of  the  inhabitants  of  the 

^Yide  TrcxzR's  Hist.,  vol.  i.  p.  111.  Sabixe's  American  Loyalisti,  vol.  i.  p.  3C9.  JoHJT 
Adams's  \yGrks.  vol.  ii.  p.  .389. 

'  The  spirit  of  this  people  is  reflected  in  a  letter  from  Boston  printed  in  the  Pennsyhama 
Packet  for  Oct.  10,  1774.  describin,'  a  ccnversiition  which  the  writer  had  with  a  fi>hiTman. 
"  I  said :  '  Don't  von  think  it  time  to  submit,  pa'-  tor  the  tea.  and  set  the  harbor  opened  ? ' 
'  Submit  ?  No.  "it  can  never  be  time  to  I^ecome  slaves.  I  have  yet  -ome  pnik  and  meal, 
and  when  thev  are  £:oro  1  \\i;i  cat  clams;  and  alter  we  have  dui^  up  all  the  elum-banks.  if 
tLe  CoDCTesi  will  uot  kt  us  fijlit,  £  will  retreat  to  the  woods ;  I  am  always  sure  oi  acoras !' " 


440  j\lr.  BroiDii's  Oration  in  IViiladcIphia.  [Oct. 

Massachusetts  Bay  to  tlie  execution  of  tli(3  late  acts  of  Parliament;  ami  if 
the  same  shall  be  atti.'rrn)te(l  to  be  carried  into  cxeciiliorj,  all  America  ought 
to  support  tliem  in  their  ofipcsition.''  '•  This,"  says  the  historian,  *•  is  the 
measure  vvhioh  hardened  Georre  the  '^I'hird  to  listen  to  no  terms."*  In  vaia 
conciliatiuii  c*ii<i  kind  words  ;  in  vain  all  assurance  of  allection  and  of  loyal- 
ty. The  men  of  ^Massachusetts  are  traitors  to  their  kinir.  and  the  Con^^'CSi 
of  all  the  cohjn'ios  nphoids  them  in  rebellion.  "  lleucelbrlh,"  says  Bancroft, 
*'  conciliation  became  impossible." 

Having  thus  asjtited  their  rights  to  the  enjoyment  of  life,  liberty,  and 
fortune;  their  resistance  to  taxation  without  representation;  their  purpose 
to  defend  their  ancient  charters  from  assault ;  having  denounced  the  slave 
trade  in  language  which  startled  the  world,  and  recognized,  for  the  first  time 
in  history,  the  peojile  as  the  source  of  authority  ;  having  laid  the  firm 
foundations  of  a  Union  based  upon  PVeedom  and  Equality, — the  First  Con- 
gress passed  out  of  existence  on  the  2Gth  of  October,  after  a  session  of  two 
and  tifty  days.  Half  a  hundred  men,  born  in  a  new  country,  bred  amid 
trials  and  privations,  chosen  from  every  rank  of  life,  untried  in  diplomacy, 
vmskilled  in  letters,  untrained  in  statecraft,  called  suddenly  togetlier  in  a 
troubled  time  to  advise  a  hitherto  divided  people,  they  had  shown  a  tact,  a 
judgment,  a  self-command,  and  a  sincere  love  of  country  hardly  to  be  fnund 
in  the  proudest  annal'?  of  n'-^tir-r^r-.  J^uu  thcij-  cuuntrymen  were  worthy  of 
them,  it  tiie  manner  in  wiiich  they  had  fulfilled  their  duties  had  been  ex- 
traordinary, the  spirit  with  whieh  their  counsels  were  received  was  still 
more  remarkable.  In  every  part  of  the  country  the  recommendations  of  the 
Congress  were  obeyed  as  binding  law.  No  despotic  power  in  any  period 
of  history  exercised  over  the  minds  and  hearts  of  men  a  more  complete  con- 
trol. The  Articles  of  Association  were  signed  by  tens  of  thousands,  the 
spirit  of  Union  grew  strong  in  every  breast,  and  the  Americans  steadily  pre- 
pared to  meet;  the  worst.  The  stirring  influence  of  this  example  penetrated 
to  the  most  distant  lauds.  "  The  Congress,"  wrote  Dr.  Franklin  from  Lou- 
don in  the  following  winter,  "  is  in  high  favor  here  among  the  friends  of 
liberty."'  "  For  a  long  time,"  cried  the  eloquent  Charles  Botta,  "no  spec- 
tacle has  been  offered  to  the  attention  of  mankind  of  so  powerful  an  interest 
as  this  of  the  present  American  Congress."  '  "  It  is  impossible,"  says  the 
Scotch  writer,  Graham.e,  "  to  read  of  its  transactions  without  the  highest 
ado  iration."*  "  There  never  was  a  body  of  delegates  more  faithful  to  the 
interests  of  their  constituents,"  was  the  opinion  of  David  Ramsay,  the  his- 
torian.^ "  From  the  moment  of  their  hrst  debates,"  De  Tocqueville  says, 
*' Europe  was  moved.'"*  The  judgment  of  .John  Adams  declared  them  to  be, 
"in  point  of  abilities,  virtues,  and  fortunes,  the  greatest  men  upon  the  con- 
tinent."^ Charles  Thomson,  in  the  evening  of  his  well-spent  life,  pro- 
nounced them  the  purest  and  ablest  patriots  he  had  ever  known  ;^  and,  in 
the  very  face  of  king  and  parliament,  the  illustrious  Chatham  spoke  of  them 
the  well-known  words:  "  I  must  avow  and  declare  that  in  all  my  reading  of 
history, — and  it  has  been  my  favorite  study ;  I  have  read  Thucydides  and 

^  Banckopt's  Eist.  of  the  U.  S.,  vol.  vii.  d.  1  to. 

'  Letter  to  .Charles  TJionison,  oth  Feb.  1775 ;  Watson's  Annals  of  Philadelphia,  vol.  L 

'  OtisN  Botta.  vol.  i.  p.  12S. 

*  Hist,  of  the  U.  S.,  >)>•  James  HRAnAMP..  LL.D.,  vol.  ii.  p.  496. 

6  Hist.  <f  the  American  Rero/ution,  tiy  David  Ramsay,  M.D.,  vol.  i.  p.  174. 

6  La  Democratie  eii  A/i>crii/ue.  )<y  Ar.rxis  ije  Tucqleville,  vol.  iii.  p.  1S2. 

f  John  Adatnt's  Lrtt-rs  /i  /.,'?  Wife.  vol.  i.  p.  2-5. 

'  Field-liuok  of  thu  Ii:i:oliUion,  by  B.  J.  Lossx.ng,  vol.  ii.  p.  60,  note. 


1875.]  Mr.  Browns  Oration  in  Philadelj)hia.  441 

admired  the  master  st.ites  of  the  world, — that  for  solidity  of  reasoninjj,  force 
of  sa<;acily,  r.iid  wisdom  of  conclusion,  under  such  a  ooni|i]ication  of  circuna- 
stances,  no  nation  or  hody  of  men  can  stand  in  iireferonce  to  the  General 
Congress  assembled  in  Philadeli^hia." '  Lou<j;  years  have  i>as-sed,  and  tliere 
have  been  many  changes  m  tlje  governments  of  men.  The  century  which 
has  elapsed  has  been  crowded  with  gre^it  events,  but  the  calm  judgment  of 
posterity  has  conliiined  that  opinion,  and  a-.ankiud  has  not  ccasjd  to  admire 
the  spectacle  which  was  once  enacted  here.  "  But  that  you  may  he  more 
earnest  in  the  defence  of  your  country,"  cried  the  great  lioman  orator,  . 
speaking  in  a  vision  with  the  tongue  of  Scipio,  "  know  from  me  that  acertaiu 
place  in  heaven  is  assigned  to  all  who  have  preserved,  or  assisted,  or  im- 
proved their  country,  where  tliey  are  to  enjoy  an  endless  duration  of  hap- 
piness. For  there  is  nothing  which  takes  place  on  earth  more  acceptable 
to  the  Supreme  Deity,  who  governs  all  this  world,  than  those  councils  and 
assemblies  of  men,  bound  together  by  law,  which  are  termed  states ;  the 
founders  and  preservers  of  these  come  from  heaven,  and  thither  do  they  re- 
turn."' The  founders  and  preservers  of  this  Union  have  vanished  from  the 
earth,  those  true  lovers  of  their  country  have  long  since  been  consigned  into 
her  keeping,  but  their  memory  clings  around  this  place,  and  hath  hallowed 
it  for  evermore.  Here  shall  men  come  as  to  a  sanctuary.  Here  shall  they 
o-ather  with  each  returninir  anniversarv,  and  as  the  storv  of  these  lives  falls 
from  the  lips  of  him  who  shall  then  stand  where  I  stand  to-day,  their  souls 
shall  be  stirred  within  them  and  their  iiearts  be  lifted  up.  and  none  shall 
desi>air  of  the  Republic  wiiile  she  can  find  among  her  children  the  courage, 
the  wisdom.,  the  eloquence,  the  self-sacrifice,  the  lofty  patriotism,  and  the 
spotless  honor  of  those  who  assembled  in  this  hall  an  hundred  years  ago. 

The  conditions  of  life  are  always  changing,  and  the  experience  of  the 
fathers  is  rarely  the  experience  of  the  sous.  The  temptations  which  are 
trying  us  are  not  the  temptations  which  beset  their  footsteps,  nor  the  dangers 
which  threaten  our  pathway  the  dangers  wdiich  surrounded  them.  These 
men  were  fev;  in  mmiber,  we  are  many.  They  were  poor,  but  we  are  rich. 
They  were  weak,  but  we  are  strong.  tVhat  is  it,  countrymen,  that  we  need 
to-day  ?  Wealth  ?  Behold  it  in  your  hands.  Power  ?  God  hath  given 
it  you.  Liberty  ?  It  is  your  birthright.  Peace?  It  dwells  amongst  jou. 
You  have  a  government  founded  in  the  hearts  of  men,  built  by  the  people 
for  the  common  good.  You  have  a  laud  flowing  with  milk  and  honey  ;  your 
homes  are  happy,  your  workshops  busy,  your  barns  are  full.  Ihe  school, 
the  railway,  the  telegraph,  the  printing-press  have  welded  you  together  into 
one.  Descend  those  mines  that  honeycomb  the  hills  !  Behold  that  com- 
merce whitening  every  sea  !  Standby  your  gates  and  see  that  multitude 
pour  through  them  from  tlie  corners  of  the  earth,  grafting  the  qualities  of 
older  stocks  upon  one  stem,  mingling  the  blood  of  many  races  in  a  common 
stream,  and  swelling  the  rich  volume  of  our  English  speech  with  varied 
music  from  an  hundred  tongues.  You  have  a  long  and  glorious  history,  a 
past  glittering  with  heroic  deeds,  an  ancestry  full  of  lofty  and^  imperishable 
exam'ples.  You  have  passed  through  danger,  endured  privation,  been  ac- 
quainted with  sorrow,  been  tried  by  sutfering.  You  have  journeyed  in  safety 
through  the  wikl.^rness  and  crossed  in  triumph  the  Red  Sea  of  civil  strife, 
and  the  foot  of  Him  who  led  you  hath  not  faltered  nor  the  Hght  of  His 
countenance  been  turned  away !  It  is  a  question  for  us  now,  not  of  the 
founding  of  a  new  government,  but  of  the  preservation  of  one  already  old 

*  Speech  in  Famr  nf  the  Removnl  of  Tronpa  from  Bo ?^on,  Jan.  20,  177o. 

*  CiCEKO,  De  lid  Publica,  lib.  vi. ;  Somnium  Hcipionis,  i  iiU 

VOL.  XXIX.  38* 


442  J/r.  Brovnii^  Oration  in  Philadelphia.  [Oct. 

not  of  the  formation  of  an  intlependimt  power,  but  of  the  purification  of  a 
nation's  life;  not  of  tlic  oonqut^st  of  a  foreign  foe,  l)Ut  of  the  sul>je<:tion  of 
ourselves.  The  capacity  of  man  to  rule  hiuiself  is  to  he  proven  in  the  flays 
to  come, — not  hv  the  jrreatnes';  of  his  wealth,  not  by  his  valor  in  the  lield, 
not  by  tiie  extent  of  his  ficminion,  not  by  the  splendor  of  hi.s  genius.  The 
danixers  of  to-d.iy  come  from  within.  The  v/or.ship  of  self,  the  love  of  power, 
the  lust  for  gold,  the  weakening  of  faith,  the  decay  of  public  virtue,  the  lack 
of  private  worth, — these  are  the  perils  which  threaten  our  future  ;  these  are 
the  enemies  we  have  to  fear;  these  are  the  traitors  which  infest  the  camp; 
and  the  danger  was  far  le^s  when  Catiline  knocked  with  his  arrny  at  the 
gates  of  Rome  than  v.  hen  he  sat  smiling  in  the  Senate  House.  We  see  th-  ra 
daily  face  to  face, — in  the  walk  of  virtue,  in  the  road  to  wealth,  in  the  path 
to  honor,  on  the  way  to  hajipiness.  There  is  no  peace  between  thtjm  and 
our  safety.  Nor  can  we  avoid  them  and  turn  back.  It  is  not  enough  to 
rest  upon  the  past.  No  man  or  nation  can  stand  still.  We  must  mount 
upward  or  go  down.  We  must  grow  worse  or  better.  It  is  the  Eternal 
Law, — we  cannot  change  it.  Kor  are  we  only  concerned  in  what  we  do. 
This  government,  which  our  ancestors  have  built,  has  been  "  a  refuge  for 
the  oppressed  of  every  race  and  clime,"  where  they  have  gathered  for  a 
century.  The  fugitive  of  earlier  times  knew^  no  such  shelter  among  the 
homes  of  men.  C/ :■!.!,  unkcJ,  blceuing,  there  was  no  safety  for  him  save  at 
the  altars  of  imarrined  gods.  I  have  seen  one  of  tlie  most  famous  of  those 
ancient  sanctuaries.  On  a  bright  day  in  spring-tiuie  I  looked  over  acres  of 
ruin.  Beside  me  the  blue  sea  pla.-hed  upon  a  beach  strewn  with  broken 
marble.  That  sacred  floor,  polished  with  the  penitential  knees  of  centuries, 
was  half  hidden  with  heaps  of  rubbish  and  giant  weeds.  The  fox  had  his 
den  among  the  stones,  and  the  fowl  of  the  air  her  nest  upon  the  capitals. 
Ko  sound  disturbed  them  in  their  solitude,  save  sometimes  the  tread  of  an 
adventurou.>  stranger,  or  the  stealthy  footfall  of  the  wild  beasts  and  wilder 
men  that  crept  down  out  of  the  surrounding  hills  under  cover  of  the  night. 
The  god  had  vanished,  his  seat  was  desolate,  the  oracle  was  dumb.  Far 
different  was  the  temple  which  our  fathers  builded,  and  "'  builded  better  than 
they  knew."  The  blood  of  martyrs  was  spilled  on  its  foundations,  and  a 
suffering  people  raised  its  walls  with  prayer.  Temple  and  fortress,  it  still 
stands  secure,  and  the  smile  of  I'rovidence  gilds  plinth,  architrave,  and 
c<  lumn.  Greed  is  alone  the  Tarpeia  that  can  betray  it,  and  vice  the  only 
Samson  that  can  pnll  it  down.  It  is  the  Home  of  Liberty,  as  boundless  as 
a  continent,  "as  broad  and  general  as  the  casing  air;"  a  "  temple  not  made 
with  hands  ;"  a  sanctuary  that  shall  not  fall,  but  stand  on  forever,  founded 
in  eternal  truth ! 

My  countrymen  :  the  moments  are  quickly  passing,  and  we  stand  like 
some  traveller  upon  a  lofty  crag  that  separates  two  boundless  seas. 

The  century  that  is  closing  is  complete.  "The  past,"  said  your  great 
statesman,  "  is  secure."  It  is  finished,  and  beyond  our  reach.  The  hand  of 
detraction  cannot  dim  its  glories  nor  the  tears  of  repentauce  wipe  away  its 
stains.  Its  good  and  evil,  its  joy  and  sorrow,  its  truth  and  falsehood,  its 
honor  and  its  shame,  we  cannot  touch.  Sigh  for  them,  blush  for  them,  weep 
for  them,  if  we  will ;  we  cannot  change  them  now.  We  might  have  done 
so  once,  but  we  cannot  now.  The  old  century  is  dying,  and  they  are  to  be 
buried  with  him  ;  his  history  is  finished,  and  they  will  stand  upon  its  roll 
forever. 

The  century  that  Is  opening  is  all  our  own.  The  years  that  lie  before  us 
-are  a  virgin  page.     Wo  can  inscribe  it  as  we  will.     The  future  of  our  couu- 


1875.]       Proceedinr/s  in  PhUadclphict,  Sept.  5,  1874.  443 

try  rests  upon  u.;, — the  happiness  of  posti^rity  dcpoiuls  on  u.s.  The  fute  of 
hiirf!;<nity  may  be  in  oui-  hiiinU.  That  pliMrliii^f  voice,  chok^^fl  with  the  sobs 
of  ages,  which  has  so  often  spoken  unto  ears  of  stone,  is  liftt-d  up  to  us.  It 
asks  ns  to  bo  brnve,  benevolent,  consistent,  true  to  the  tcaciiings  of  our  his- 
tory,— provin<T  "divine  descent  by  worth  divine."  It  asks  \is  to  be  virtuous, 
LuiUling  up  public  virtue  upon  private  worth;  seeking  that  righteousness 
which  cxalteth  nations.  Jt  asks  us  to  be  patriotic, — loving  our  country  be- 
fore all  other  things  ;  her  happiness  our  happiness,  her  honor  ours,  her  fame 
our  own.  It  asks  us  in  the  naruc  of  Justice,  iu  the  name  of  Charity,  iu  the 
name  of  Freedom,  in  the  name  of  God  ! 

My  countrymen:  this  anniversary  has  gone  by  forever,  and  my  task  is 
done.  While  I  have  spoken  the  hour  has  passed  from  us ;  the  hand  has 
moved  upon  the  dial,  and  the  Old  Century  is  dead.  The  American  Union 
hath  endured  an  hundred  years!  Here,  on  this  threshold  of  the  future,  the 
voice  of  Humanity  shall  not  plead  to  us  in  vaiu.  There  shall  be  darkness 
in  the  days  to  come;  Danger  for  our  Courage;  Temptation  for  our  Virtue; 
Doubt  for  our  Faith ;  SutFering  for  our  Fortitude.  A  thousand  shall  fall 
before  us  and  tens  of  thousands  at  our  right  hand.  The  years  shall  pass 
beneath  our  feet,  and  century  follow  century  in  quick  succession.  The 
generations  of  men  shall  come  and  go  ;  the  greatness  of  Yesterday  shall  be 
Ibrgotien  To-day,  and  the  glories  of  this  :>roon  sImII  vaiu-h  before  To- 
morrow's sun ;  but  America  shall  not  perish,  but  endure,  while  the  spirit  of 
our  fathers  aniu:ates  their  sons ! 


PROCEEDINGS 

AT 

CEXTEXNIAL    COMMEMOE  ATION  S, 
1874—5. 

[n  Philadelphia,  Saturday,  Septembkr  5,  1874. 

Tete  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  meetins;  of  the  ongress  of  ITT-t  wns  this 
day  celebrated  by  the  Carpenters'  Company  of  Philadelpuia,  in  Carpenters'  Hall, 
the  same  edifice  in  which  that  congress  met  one  hundred  years  ago. 

Carpenters'  Had  was  built  by  the  company  whose  name  it  bears,  in  the  year  17T0. 
It  stands  in  a  small  open  space  at  the  liead  of  a  narrow  court  leading  Sduthward 
from  Che-tnut  street,  about  half  way  between  Third  and  Fourth.  It  is  ci^nstructed 
of  imported  backs,  alternately  black  and  red,  and  bears  a  general  re->eml)lance,  in 
the  style  of  its  architecture,  to  the  State  House,  on  Independence  s^iuare.  The 
building  is  cruciform.  The  lower  tloor  is  occupied  (with  the  exce[)tioa  t>t  a  ve-tibule 
and  stairway)  by  a  hall  about  fifty  feet  lung  by  forty  wide,  the  walls  of  which  are 
pierced  by  twelve  windows,  and  by  a  door  leading  into  a  garden  at  the  rear.  At 
the  southern  side,  opposite  the  main  entrance,  is  a  recess,  twenty-five  feet  wide  and 
half  as  deep,  at  the  entrance  of  which  are  two  handsome  culumns  of  painted  wuod. 
The  flour  is  covered  with  tiles,  and  the  walls  and  ceilings  frescoed.  On  iKjth  sides 
of  a  long  entry  winch  runs  through  the  second  story  are  large  cimudiers  ;  one  of 
which  (on  the  west)  contains  the  company's  library,  consisting  chietly  ut  works 
on  architecture  and  mechanics.  The  lower  room,  in  which  the  congress  of  1774 
held  its  memoraiile  sessions,  has  been  restored,  as  nearly  a.s  possible,  to  its  original 
condition,  and  the  whole  building  is  jealously  kept  in  perfect  order  and  repair. 

In  the  summer  of  1S73  the  (\arpenters'  Company  determined  to  offer  to  the  con- 
gress of  the  Cnititi  States  the  use  of  the  old  hall  for  a  celebration  by  that  boily  of 
the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  assembling  of  the  hrst  coutiueutal  congress, 


444  Proceedings  in  Salem,  Oct.  5,  1874.  [Oct. 

and  memorials  to  tbfit  effect  were  acconiinj^ly  prepared,  tak'-n  to  Washinj^ton  hy  a 
committee  of  the  company,  ;ind  preseiiti'd  to  tlie  si.iiatc^  and  liinise  of  ret  -e-r'ntntivcs 
duriiiir  tlio  f.:U<;\viri'i;  wintvr.  Jiotli  l.,;dif.-',  huwever,  adjourned  witii mt  taking 
aciiun  upon  tiicm,  and  the  Company,  therefore,  decided  to  celcljrate  the  occasion  on 
its  own  account. 

A>  'lit  thu  iiiidule  of  August  invitations  were  sent  to  the  president  and  vice- 
president  of  tin,  Ujiited  Stiues,  to  menihers  of  the  cabinet,. judi^es  i/f  t!ie  courfi,  the 
governors  of  all  the  states,  sen;itors  imd  m('ml)eis  of  the  huun;,  and  to  many  other 
dLstiu^uitlicd  jiersons  in  all  parts  of  the  country,  as  well  as  in  Philadelphia. 

At  two  o'elook  on  Saturday,  tlie  5th  of  Septtiuhcr,  1S74,  a  j;reat  crowd  as-semhled 
in  the  neii,d»borhood  of  Carpenters'  Hall.  Ailmission  to  the  exercises  was  hy  ticket, 
but  the  hall  was  densely  packed  before  two  o'clock,  even  the  windows  hein^?  filled, 
and  a  large  throng  occupying  the  court  and  the  garden  around  the  building.  At 
half-past  two  the  committee  of  arrani'cments,  acc'jinpanied  by  the  ofEcers  tor  the 
day  end  other  guests,  who  had  assembled  in  the  libiary,  entered  and  took  their 
seats  upon  a  platform  which  iillod  the  recess  at  the  southern  part  of  the  hall.  John 
Welsh,  K.-;(|.  (who  had  been  selected  to  preside  in  the  absence  of  the  governor  of 
Pennsylvania),  and  the  Hon.  Henry  AVilson,  vice-president  of  the  Lnited 
States,  sitting,  in  the  centre,  between  the  columns,  in  two  of  the  original  chairs 
which  had  been  used  by  the  continental  congress. 

The  hall  .was  quaintly  decorateil  with  relics  given  to  the  company  or  loaned  for 
the  occasion.  A  likeness  uf  the  liev.  Pr.  Duche,  who  made  the  fir.-t  prayer  in  the 
congress  of  1771,  in  one  place  ;  one  of  Thomas  .Mifilin,  a  member  of  that  body,  in 
another;  and,  at  the  end  of  the  room,  an  original  portrait  in  oil  of  ita  prebident, 
Peyton  Kandolph,  of  Virginia. 

'I'be  '"•'"v'ifg  V.J.O  cailcu  to  ortier  by  John  M.  Ogden,  the  venerable  chairman  of 
the  committee  of  arrangements,  who  nominated  for  presiding  oUiccr  John  Wel.-^h, 
Esq.,  the  president  of  the  centennial  board  of  finance;  and,  od  motion  of  \Valter 
Allison,  of  the  committee,  Cliarles  S.  Ogden  was  chosen  secretary.  The  exercises, 
which  were  extremely  simple,  opened  with  a  prayer  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  F.  Havie??, 
D.D.,  who  had  been  asked  to  perform  that  duty  as  the  successor  of  Dr.  Duche  in 
the  rectorship  of  St.  Peter's  Church.  Mr.  "Welsli  then  made  an  address,  at  the  close 
of  which  he  introduced  the  Hon.  Heury  Armitt  Erov.n,  who  proceeded  to  deliver  hia 
oration. 

The  singing  of  a  hymn  wTitten  for  the  occasion  closed  the  exercises,  and  the 
audience,  at  about  half-past  live  o'clock,  dispersed. 


In  Salem,  Mo.nday,  October  5,  1874. 

The  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  meeting  of  the  Provincial  Legislature  in 
Salem,  Oct.  5,  1774,  was  this  evening  celebrated  by  the  Essex  Institute.  Henry 
Wheatland,  !M.D.,  jiresident  of  the  Ecsex  Institute,  took  the  chair,  and  a  double 
quartette  choir,  under  the  direction  of  M.  Eeiiollosa,  who  played  a  piuno-lorte 
accompaniment,  sani:  some  patriotic  pieces.  The  exercises  were  opened  with  the 
singing  of  a  esong  adapted  for  the  occasion,  to  the-  tunc  of"  Scot3  wha  hae  wi'  Wal- 
lace bled  :"  beginning — 

"  Men  that  dare  with  wrong  to  fijht." 

Dr.  AVheatland  then  introduced  Auner  C.  Goodelt,,  Jr.  Esq.,  vice-pre.sidcnt  of 

the  Historical  Department,  who  proceeded  to  deliver  his  Address. 

On  the  conclusion  of  the  Address,  the  choir  sang  a  German  National  Hymn,  from 
Mendelssohn's  Four  Part  Songs,  commencing 

"  Thro'  the  deepest  gloom  the  night  wind  cold,''  &c. 

In  conclusion  the  choir  sang  Julius  Eichberg's  National  Hymn, 

"  To  thee,  O  country." 

The  President  then  invited  the  company  to  partake  of  a  basket  collation  which 
had  been  provided  in  the  ante-ro'jms,  and  a  pleasant  season  of  social  enjoyment 
terminated  this  interesting  commemoration. 


1875.]       Proceedings  in  Lexington,  April  19,  1875.  445 

In  LtLXHscTOX,  Mondat,  April  19,  1875. 

The  aniiiversr.ry  of  the  Battle  of  Lxington  opened  with  a  salute  of  100  s'tins,  at 
eun-ri«e.  fircJ  fniui  Pro.-^er'.«  Hill,  l-y  ihe  right  platoon  of  iJattery  C.  (-M.  V.  M.), 
lacu;.  C  V>.  .!>  >j..;  ^..■li^i^.-.i.J.iii^"  ti.-.'  p.:itojn. 

The  clecoratii.rs  "Rv-rt  profuf^o  an.l  c^.vdtiful  in  their  ofTect.  Nearly  every  hrmse 
h;ul  its  di>fil,iy  ol"  chIuis,  -.vhilo  in  lii.ii.y  cases  there  were  extf^nsive  CAhihitioiiH  of 
bunting  liiid  jiatrioiic  de\icus.  lii?t..'r;c  loealities  and  building.^  were  luarktd  by 
appropriate  sign  board.-?. 

Main"  Street — Sorxn  Side.  Tie  front  of  the  house  of  Benjamin  Ilajley  boro 
the  inscription  : — "1775 — Private  lla'J^v  y — 1875."  Above  this  was  a  sliield  on  which 
wa.s  painted  an  easrle,  from  wliich  n-.diated  flags  and  streamers.  Tiie  (ttiec  wa.H 
festooned  with  bunting.  Thnraa?  Cp-cte  decorated  the  bay  window  and  jjiazza  of 
his  house  with  pennanr.s.  Joshua  Ho'art,  member  of  the  Lancers,  displayed  on 
the  piazza  of  one  of  his  houses  eliigies  of  a  "  Lancer  "  and  an  "  Ancient,''  with  tho 
ini^criptions,  "  Head-quarters."  •'  ^^e  still  live,"  which  was  greeted  with  elRcrd 
by  the  numerous  delegations  as  they  passed.  Over  the  entrance  to  his  r';.-ideiice 
arches  were  erected,  bearing  the  inscriptions,  "1775 — Anjeriea,  Now  and  Then — 
1875  "  "  Welcome."  The  estateot  Cr.arles  Brown  wascorispieuous  for  thcvarictyof 
the  decorations.  Two  arches  spanned  the  entrances,  on  one  of  which  was  the  mxtto, 
"  Men  do  not  die  who  fall  in  a  just  cause — April  19,  1775."  "  First  blood  shed  at 
Lexington."  "  Eighty  again-^t  ?00."'  The  front  of  each  arch  was  decorated  with 
handsome  shields  and  testooned  wi'h  bunting.  Streamers  were  stretched  from  tree 
to  trpe.  fnd  the  front  of  the  hou':.'  w:.*  r-i>tefnllv  rlv'npil  with  tla^'s.  S')rae  distance 
trom  this,  on  a  side  street,  stands  the  residence  of  Capt.  Crone,  late  of  the  U.  ^iuites 
Army,  which  was  decorated  with  a  "(.rofusion  of  flags  and  bunting.  Near  by  is  the 
residence  of  Oliver  Brown,  which  was  decorated.  In  front  ol  the  estate  of  Madam 
Stone  stands  a  pedestal  of  ancient  mill  stones,  on  which  was  an  urn,  and  iri  tliis 
was  displayed  uuifjrms  wurn  by  niii!-.:ie-men  and  a  soldier  of  the  late  war.  At  this 
point  the  first  Provincial  captured  in  iTms  by  the  British  was  takeu  prisoner.  The 
Adams  Sc1kk)1  House  was  decorated  and  bjre  the  ruotto  ''  The  Sure  Foundations  of 
American  Liberty."  The  lume  of  Mrs.  Augusta  Smith  was  decorated  with  flags 
and  the  painting  of  an  eagle.  Under  the  piazza  of  Alonzo  Goddard  was  hung  a  red 
coat,  inscribed  "  Worn  by  Josiah  Sm;:h.  the  veteran  tifer,  in  the  war  of  ISi'J."  One 
of  the  most  conspicuous  mottoes  on  tiie  line  of  march  was  the  following  on  the  front 
of  the  residence  of  Juhn  Hazeltire  :  "  1775 — May  all  the  Battles  Fought  in  Liberty's 
Cause  be  repaid  with  Freedom  and  Pt-ace — 1S75."  P.  P.  Pierce  erected  in  front 
of  his  house  a  standard  on  which  were  displayed  several  clapboards  perforated  with 
bullet  holes,  which  bnre  the  inscription — '•  Made  by  British  bullets,  April  19,  1775." 
An  old  musket  was  also  exhibited.  The  house  was  decorated.  We  now  arrive  at 
Brv'ant's  Comer,  which  derives  its  naiue  from  an  old  blacksmith  shop  which  occu- 
pied tl  e  place.  Direetly  in  front,  approaching  the  centre  of  the  town,  on  an  eleva- 
tion, suvnds  the  residence  of  Mr.  Cnarles  Nunn,  which  was  decorated  by  a  conddna- 
tionof  flags,  shields,  streamers  and  bunting.  Higher  up  and  beyond  standi  tho 
residence  of  Wm.  A.  Tower,  chief  marshal  of  the  day,  whose  mansion  was  ren- 
dered conspicuous  by  a  display  of  national  flags  arranged  over  tlie  main  entrance. 

McNHo's  TAriRX.  This  historical  structure  which,  under  its  present  occupancy, 
has  been  modernized  by  the  introduction  of  plate  glass  in  the  place  of  the  old  f>ur- 
by-six  panes,  and  is  at  present  occupie<i  by  James  S.  Munro,  K<q.,  was  trinuned 
with  flags  on  the  front  and  eastern  end.  and  bore  the  following  inscription  furiii.-htHl 
by  the  Town  Committee  :  "  The  Munro  Tavern,  1775,  Lord  Percy's  Headciuartevsand 
Hospita'  for  the  Regulars,  April  19."  Upon  an  ancient  elm  beneath  whose  brai.cheii 
possibly  the  retreating  regular?  reste-d  in  their  march,  was  displayed  the  o^i^iuaI 
tavern  sign  which  hung  there  100  years  ago.  It  was  a  plain  board,  in  the  centre  of 
which  the  visitor  could  discern  tht  f  g^are  uf  a  punch  bowl  faintly  traced.  Over  the 
bowl  was  the  word  "  Refreshments, •'  and  below,  "  By  William  Munro."  On  the 
rising  ground  oppo-ite  the  residence  of  J.  J.  Rayner,  Esq.,  wasdisplayed  the  iiis.Ti[)- 
tion  :  "  Here  Lord  Percy  planted  his  cannon  Anril  19,  1775."  From  this  jjoint  tlie 
regulars  threw  <.hnt  into  Lexington  Common,  the  only  efl'ect  of  wdiich  was  to  hliat- 
ter  the  old  meetingdiouie.  Tlie  first  residence  west  of  the  Munro  tavern  is  that  of 
Warren  Sherburne,  upon  the  facade  of  whicii  was  displayed  the  date  uf  the  I'attle 
lianked  with  bannerets  illuminating  tie  ngure  of  tlie  national  eagle.  Flags  and 
streamers  were  featooned  over  the  iLain  entrance,  and  a  line  of  flags  was  suspended 


446  Proceedings  in  Lexington,  April  19,  1875.  [Oct, 

across  the  street.    li.  B.  Sherbumr  dlsplayf^J  tlie  word  "  Welcome,"  airl  liis  hone? 
vus  iltcorntci  v.-it!i  t'.'t^t'Jons,  k>:.     The  n^IJfno-j  of  Levi  Pro~'<CT  was  rx'-D  H<:>.-'or.'tfil 
The  pia77-i  was  ilrnpi'il  wltli  t!ie  vo^l,  white  tu-.d  blue,  ami  tiie  eaine  bi'i.i^iit  hiie»  wen 
Meiiued  ill  x]\-?.  lU^-ii^iis  in  the  iijipcv  .^tory.     ?V'->m  cuch  of  tlic  chiunicys  Civ_-s  wt.Ti 
di.-^pIuye(J.    Tiic  hnu^^c  oi^ciipic'l  by  William  Vilcs,  Ivq.,  bore  tlie  folluwinir  irsin-itr 
tior  :  " 'I'ho  ho'T'"   of  L\  :i.;iuiiiu   Mi.rriu:ii,    1/7').   auJ   liovpitnl   fr>r   the   regulars 
April  ly.  ■'    Tl.c  op.-tf.'rri  end  w:i-i  ;iIiHa--t  covered  hy  a  hwzi:  Auierieiin  uj.'.  whil- 
the  fiont  was  lK.\\iitilicd  l>y  ;i  .-tiield  anil  otluT  unpriipfi;'te  ad'irririicins.      Tiie  ro>i 
deaco  cf  C'ha-li-;  CuUir.-.  uu  tin;   ri.-inv,'    u'riurtd   beyoud,  di-^playel   tlai'>  fraa  tb 
piazza.     .\?a  C'')tr.iell  di>-pl:iyi-i|  a  line   of  Frciioli  flai;;s  af,•^l^s   tbe  ftieft  fn^in  hi 
residenop,  wliich  was  dci.i.Tuted.     The  uiocioes   '•  To  Arms,''  "  IVace,''   \'iccory,' 
■were  dij^phyed  on  tlio  j)i:iz7.:i.  in  the  Cerurf;  of  which  was  exhibited    the  C::;jre  of 
miDute-man,  with  siiields  and  hiscijrie  dates  on  eitiier  side,     ilniie.-.tr'.  up'T;  anarch 
was?  the  word  "  Lilierty."     The  re.-i'iences  of  C.  C.  llaniiafjrd  and  Mrs.  6.  R.  God 
darl  were  decorated.      Isaac  N.  Damon,  town  clerk  of  LesiD:_;cnii,   displayed  tb 
star?  and  strij^ei  niKJ  dp'r)!ated  the  entrance  to  his   huu-e    with    buntln.^.      liorac 
Davi>  displayed  aMiicM  tl'.nkcd  by  tbest^r-^■panele<l  banner;  an(i  C.T.  \\'ortblfy  dt 
corated  bis  re>idtaee  with  aii  eai^le,  tliC  bird  havinir  .•streamers  iri  ii^  beak,  the  end 
of  which  were  fastened  to  the  ccrner.s  of  the  hou-e;  and  a  hnndsunie  cjiniiimrio 
of  fla^s  and  festoons  of  sfretiniers  co.npieted  the  design.     William  .^juiich  di?playt 
the  uiotto,  "  1  will  never   turn  my  back  on    then-.— Parkei*;  "'  also   a   portrait  < 
Washin:,d:on,  old  mu.-kets  and  red  coats,  knap^r-vks,  a  ficvoliuionary  hat  and  Ke^c 
lutionary  fia^s,  the  m^tto  "  True  to  our  I'ev>*!e:ionary  prineii)!e>."  beinic  c.nspici 
ou?.     He  also  displayed  a  t-Uk  lia;^  bearing  thirteen  ttars  and  tiie  figure  of  an  ea^'l- 
Capt.  W.  D.  Phelps  decijrared  hi.-?  re-idLi:ce  with  a  profusion  of  flrj-s  and  mottoe 
displaying,  amon;^  other  teatnres.  a  h^nr^op  ^f  the  Le^In^jLon  ^\'hig  Assx-iati  ;□  wit 
the  iiiicriptioa,  "  Abundant  lat>or,  adei^uato  reward."     Over  one  door  was  a  pi.- 
ti-ait  of  ^\  ashin:i;ton,  and  over  the  otlicr,   "Tbe  result,  April   19.  what  a  ^rlorioi 
laorning  for  At  lerica."     The  Monument-IIouse  was  elaborately  decorated  in  fro: 
with  fla^s,  r.iedr.llions  and  national  escutcheons.     Over  the  door  was  hunj  a  pain 
iDg  of  Liberty,  and  "'  Liberty,  177.5,"  was  inscribed  over  the  Biain  arch.     The  Lj 
cony  of  Whitcher  k  Saviile's  grocery  store  was  fitted  up  for  tiie  accommodatiou 
a  band  which  was  stationed  there  durinir  the  forenoon.    The  residences  of  the  Mis-- 
Farnsworth.  Sauiael  1>.  Pandire,  L'jke  ^Vrigiic  and   L.  Saville  were   also  decorate 
The   Press  ILad'iuartrrs,  which  were   in   the  house  of  a  Revniuti--nary  pitric 
were  also  draped  with  the  national  ensiirn.     The  resldenr-es  of  Mr.  Charles  ^;i^be 
on  Main  street,  was  ornamented  with  saiall  flags.     .Mr.  P.ichard  Biia's  residence, 
short  distance  to  the  we^t  of  the  above,  was  decuated  with  bv.nting  and  streaui^i 
Over  ti^e  front  entrance  to  the  h'use  was  the  inscription,  ""Welcome,  Vetcmns 
and  over  this  was  suspended  a  shield  bearing  the  words,  "'  What  a  Glorious  Movni! 
for  Americ-a."    Two  arches  were  erected  at  the  right  and  left  irutewaj'S  to  the  hous 
the  former  bearing  the  inr-cripti.)n,  "  Warren,"  and  the  latter,  "  V/asiiiniton."    1 
house  of  the  Rev.^^lL  We-tcott,  a  short  distance  farther  on,  was  decorated.      Acri. 
Main  street  frum  the  residence  o^  Mrs.  Henry  Mulliken  to  the  bouse  of  Mr.   <ie>^r 
B.  L>ennett  on  Parker  street  was  stretclied  \.  line,  on  which  were  suspended  nua".- 
ous  flags  of  all  nations  and  patterns.     iJotl   the  residences  of  }dT.  Dennett  and  M 
Wulliken  were  decorated,  the  former  bearing  the  inscription,  '•  God  speed  I'ae  da_% 
1875."     The  re^iden'ce  of  Mr.  C.   Robin-oa  oq  Main  street  was  umamented  w: 
fiass  and  bunting,  while  suspended  in  the   doorway  to  the  house  were  two  lai 
aud  beaatifui  ba.-iketi  of  llowers. 

The  North  Side  OF  Main  Stk^zt.— The  old  Cutler  tavern.  H.  C.  Hewins,  p 

Srietor,  was  very  ta?tet"iilly  dei-urited,  and  the  arrangement  of  lla as  was  very  etYecti 
he  houses  of  Me-srs.  A.  t'.  Alderman  and  P.  Mitchell  were  adorn-i^l  with  bunti: 
and  from  the  latter  swir.iing  ilair^  were  suspended  to  the  tre-.-s.  Mr.  Elias  Du: 
had  in  addition  t'>  a  display  of  liac'i  an  arch  upon  which  vras  the  following  insc 
tion  :  "  l-^'o.  The  gl'irioua  memory  of  our  ancestors  who  fjught  for  our  liber 
1775."  *'  May  every  brave  man  who  mot  his  death  in  that  glorious  action  ir.eet 
eternal  reward."  The  residence  of  M.-.  Gpor^-e  0.  Sm.ith  presented  a  coaibinat 
of  American  flairs  and  tiio~e  of  other  republics,  pers'-.tnally  arranged  by  Mr.  iaii 
The  residence  of  Mrs.  F.Utn  t^tono  bore  simply  tlio  following  inscription  :  "  A  zrcr< 
war  now  in  progn-^vs,  the  riglits  of  woman.  1"575."  The  houses  ot  Mr.  D.iniT  R...- 
and  Mr.  Otis  IP  Dana  were  draped  with  tla'.'s,  arrang.-d  in  festoons,  as  was  alr-o 
store  of  R.  W.  tb.!bri"-ik.  The  Church  of  the  Redt  .-luer,  a  historic  point,  ha 
pimple  aiiield  over  iLc  poroa  coutaiiiin^j  the  w^rij,  "  Welcome, — Kev.  Jona3  C'iark 


1875.]       Proceedings  in  Lexinfjlon,  April  19,  1875.  447 

Jlr.  E.  TV.  Ilolbrook  iiiaile  a  line  display,  and  the  fiuniliar  word-:  of  Samuel  Adams, 
•*  O  what  a  j;!(irii;iis  day  f^r  America,"  were  conp|piMioi!';ly  (lisplaycd.  A  tablet 
containing  tliu  names  ot  tiic  martyrs  who  weiu  killed  ai  l.exiD.'t-jti  wan  also  sii(r.vn, 
and  a  hanner  beneath  the  tablet  hire  the  wurds,  "  Freedom'ri  lii>t  oilerin-;."  The 
st....io  of  A.  W.  C'.!' '  v.T.ij  dc:cir.::i  with  tl:.gs,  and  streamers  lloated  I'mm  the  build- 
in'^.  Oue  of  chc  most  n  -table  displays  was  at  the  hoiiPC  of  .Mr.  T.  (j.  Ilovty.  The 
an-ange'jient  of  th-  biintiufr  was  unic(ue,  and  panels  on  the  front  of  the  houne  with 
blue  giound  had  tho  following  insonption-^  :  "Here  patriots  atouu  braNciy  before 
the  oppressor,  determined  for  liberty  or  death."  "  The  ^reat  event  of  Le:[in;:ton." 
On  the  side  entrance  around  the  balcony  another  panel  Lad  "  Lexington,  Cliailes- 
town  and  Philadelphia.  The  three  great  events  which  Kcciired  liberty."  The  con- 
servatory in  the  rear  was  adorned,  and  the  grounds  were  likewise  decorated.  Mr. 
Loring  6.  Pierce's  rewiJence  was  draped  with  flags  and  streamers,  and  near  tlie 
residence  of  Walter  ^\'ellingto^,  nest  adjoining,  an  old  elm  tree  was  labelled  a.s  fol- 
lows :  "  This  tref"  was  t-et  here  in  1733  by  the  father  of  Jonathan  Harrington,  the  last 
survivor  of  the  battle  of  Eajzington."  Attiiehouseof  Mr.  John  J.  Kavnir  a  pleasing 
eflect  was  produced  by  the  arrangement  of  tlags  in  a  semi-circle,  flanlied  by  shiidds, 
with  177a  and  1S75  on  opposite  corners  of  the  building.  The  residence  of  the  Kev. 
John  Prj'or  was  trimmed,  and  tri-colors  ran  to  the  trees  upon  the  lawn,  while 
streamers  lloated  in  the  breeze.  Mr.  A.  D.  Cutler,  the  Adjutant  of  the  .Minute- 
Men,  erected  a  large  staff  near  his  house,  and  at  dawn  a  large  American  flag  was 
flying  to  the  breeze.  At  Mu:iroe  Station,  over  Main  street,  \^a8  suspended  a  large 
flag,  bearing  the  words  :  ''  From  the  19th  of  April  dates  the  liberty  of  the  American 
"world."  The  avenue  leading  from  the  station  to  the  street  was  {)rofusely  decorated, 
and  it  was  at  this  point  that  the  Presidential  party  alighted  fmui  the  ears.  Tiie 
iUgh  ^chooi  buiiduig,  tormeny  tue  Town  iiail,  was  ornamcuted,  tri-coiors  running 
from  the  pillars  to  the  tiees  ia  front  of  the  building  and  near  the  street,  wiiile  fes- 
toons and  the  drapirg  of  th:  pillars  added  to  the  beauty  of  t!ie  building.  Tiie  fol- 
lowing inscriptions  ivere  over  the  main  entrance  :  '*  Lexingtm  Iliidi  School,  1775, — 
British  cannon,  ls75, — The  school  book."  "  On  this  site  [>;rd  Percy  planted  iii.s 
cannon,  April  19,  1775,  to  protect  the  retreating  British  troops."  At  the  residt;nce 
of  ^Ir.  0.  W.  Wentworth  a  large  shield  formed  the  centre  of  the  decorations,  and 
from  this  shieM  ra'iiated  a  display  of  flags  completely  enveloping  the  balcony. 
Next  to  the  residence  of  Mr.  \Ventwortli  were  those  of  Capt.  Plummer  and  Mr. 
Lord,  both  of  which  houses  were  decorated.  The  grounds  of  Mr.  David  W.  Muzzy, 
■with  its  sloping  lawn  and  oak  forest  on  the  east  side,  presented  a  fairy  scei:e,  tne 
ekill  of  the  decL.rator  having  enhanced  the  natural  beauty  of  the  grounds  by  a  pro- 
fuse and  elaborate  arrar. ^eu'cnt  of  bunting.  The  centre  piece  on  the  house  was  a 
large  sized  painting  of  Washington,  surmounted  by  an  eagle,  and  from  tiiis  ptoint 
running  to  the  trees  were  a  variety  of  flags  and  streamers.  At  the  bottom  of  the 
centre  piece  were  the  words  "  One  hundred  years  ago."  The  ^lemorial  llali  and 
Gary  Library  were  marked  objects  of  interest,  and  a  dis]>!ay  of  decorations  was 
made.  A  line  of  flags  ran  from  the  building  to  the  street,  and  at  the  corners  of  the 
building  were  1775  and  1875.  while  in  the  centre  near  the  top  of  the  building  was  a 
large  eagle.  From  the  residence  of  George  Nichols  a  line  of  flags  was  su>iiecded 
across  the  street,  and  Xorris  Block  was  also  decorated.  The  Bucknam  tavern  was 
profusely  decorated  and  attracted  much  attention. 

Hancock  Street.— The  f^rst  house  north  of  the  railroad  cro.ssing  which  was  de- 
corated was  that  of  James  Sumner,  who  displayed  a  shield  with  the  in=cription  : 

1775.    • 

LEXINGTON. 
1875. 

The  adjoining  house,  the  residence  of  Amos  Locke.Esq.,  was  very  conspicuous,  the 
piazza  being  heavily  draped  in  folds  of  bunting,  and  a  handsome  tree  in  t.he  grounds 
•was  made  attractive  by  a  collection  of  old  umskets  which  were  stacked  around  it.s 
trunk.  One  of  these  tirearms  was  labelled  *'  1661,"  another  ".April  10,  1.  /5,"  and 
■were  carefully  inspected  by  the  curious.  George  0.  Whiting  festooned  his  portico 
■with  patriotic  colors,  and  displayed  flags  at  the  upper  windows.  Ainsworth  i'uttle 
exhibited  the  following  original  motto  :  "  A  grateful  country  remembers  your  deeds 
of  noble  daring,  and  will  transmit  yournames  to  the  latest  posterity."  _  L'pon  the 
edge  of  the  portico  were  embiaz^ned  the  names  of  the  heroes  who  were  killed  on  the 
Old  Green, — Munroe,  Parker,  Hadley,  Harrington,  Muzzy,  Harrington,  Brown  and 


448  JProceedings  in  Ltxington^  April  19,  1875.         [Oct. 

Porter.    Above  the  piazza  ami  on  cither  siJe  of  it,  the  names  of  John  Hancock  and' 
Samuel  Adaius  were  encircled  with  evergreens  and  the  sentence,  "  Yunr  firiMness; 
inspired  the  patriots  tlirouijhout  the  coloiiiet;."     (ieor;,^e  0.  Davis  displ'ived  in  front', 
of  h's  residence  a  drum  and  musket,  and  decorated  the  huildiug  \\ith  lia;^'?,  shield! 
and  huutiu!^.     James  11.  Dennett  [josted  a  ^uard  under  the  piazza  in  tlie  form  of  a! 
life-like  efii^'y  of  an  AnciiMit  and  Honorable  Artilleryman,  and  adorned  hi.s  hou.'c  ; 
T.ill.  ilu^.i  .uiu  .sfrcamers.     11.  K.  Driiliam  aUo  decorated  hi.s  hou.se  and  displayed  1 
the  Avord  "  \\'ek'oiix"  over  bin  bay  wiiuluw.     Mrf*.  S.  <t.  Thnycr's  C'lttagc,  and  the  I 
re.-idencis  of  G.'or.-e  Litchiii.ld  and  Tletclier  Spaldin^  were  also  hand.soiiiely  draped,  i 
The  la.=;t  house  on  this  elegant  thoroughfare,  occupied  by  F.  K.  VVetherell,  was  dcco  ( 
rated  by  the  owner,  the  national  colors  predominating.     The  Merriani  cotta;re,  near  ' 
the  railroud  crossinij,  contained  the  following  well-known  words  of  Joseph  Warrea : 

"  When  Justice  is  the  standard,  Heaven's  high  power 
Will  shield  the  patriot's  arm,  tliougli  tempests  lower, 
But  con.-'cious  guilt  unnerves  the  strongest  arm 
That  lifts  the  sword  the  innocent  to  harm." 

The  residence  of  Mr.  M.  \\.  Mcrriam  was  ornaracnted,  and  over  the  entrance  to 
the  avenue  leading  to  the  grounds  was  an  arch  on  which  were  the  proplietic  words 
of  Samuel  Adams',  "  What  a  glorious  morning  for  America."  The  residences  of 
Messrs.  Charles  Fowle  and  Oliver  Kendall  were  adorned,  together  with  the  adjoin- 
ing grounds.  The  lion.  F.  B.  Il;iyes  made  a  marked  di-;play,  arranged  in  an  imposing 
manner.  Over  the  balcony  an  eagle  was  placed,  and  from  this  point  the  bunting  was 
carried  to  every  portion  of  the  extensive  house,  giving  it  a  cheerful  and  attractive 
appearance.  The  names  of  Hancock  and  Adams  were  pro'nir^-^.t  over  the  main  en- 
trance, and  over  the  '■■''■  d'/.r  '.:-^c  ciio  suggestive  word  "  Welcome."  The  house  of 
Ujo  Iiou.  ii.  J.  Batchelder  -was  also  adorned. 

Tm:  Hancock  CnuRCU. — The  front  of  this  church  was  decorated  with  fla^s  and 
streamers.  Over  the  entrance  to  the  tower  an  arch  was  placed,  bearing  the  in.scrip- 
tion,  "  Martyrs  of  Lexington,"  supplemented  by  a  shield  at  each  end  of  the  arch. 
In  the  centre  appeared  on  the  gathered  folds  of  red  and  white  bunting  a  brilliant 
star  ;  over  this  a  glory  of  flags  on  a  blue  ground  ;  and  out  of  each  side  of  the  puvtal 
hung  the  "  stars  and  stripes."  The  same  emblem  was  hung  out  from  the  four  win- 
dows of  the  belfry,  and  from  the  top  of  the  tower  to  the  lower  corners  of  the  church 
were  stretched  pennants.  A  shield  over  each  of  the  side  front  windows  completed 
the  exterior  decorations  of  the  edifice.  The  chancel  was  fest<joned  with  bunting 
which  depended  in  folds  on  either  side  of  the  pulpit.  On  the  communion  table  stood 
a  cluster  of  crUa  lilies. 

Elm  Street. — The  venerable  old  mansion  on  the  corner  of  Elm  street  and  the  Bed- 
ford road,  occupied  by  iMr.  James  Gould,  in  common  with  other  revolutionary 
houses,  was  decorated  by  the  Centennial  Committee.  Over  the  threshold,  upon 
v/hich  the  patriot  died,  was  displayed  the  following  inscription  : 

"  The  Home  of  Jonathan  Harrington,  Jr., 
W'ho  was  shot  on  the  Battlefield 
And  died  on  his  own  Threshold." 

Above  this  appeared  a  shield  and  glory  of  flags.  The  Star-spangled  Banner  graced 
the  entrance,  and  was  caught  up  on  to  the  arbor  on  either  side,  and  streamers  hung 
in  festoons  along  the  eaves  and  fell  diagonally  to  the  arbor.  Next  south  on  the  same 
street  the  house  which  has  been  occupied  by  successive  generations  of  the  Harring- 
ton family,  the  upper  windows  of  which  were  shattered  by  the  first  volley  of  the 
British  troops,  bore  the  following  inscription  : 

*'  The  Home  of  Daniel  HarringttDn, 

Clerk  of  Parker's  Company, 

April  19,  1775." 

An  illuminated  shield  was  placed  over  the  door,  each  side  of  which  was  draped 
with  flags.  Lines  of  signal  tings  were  displayed,  extending  from  the  corxiers  of  the 
house  to  two  of  the  veneralde  old  elm.-*,  and  festoons  of  streamers  completed  the  de- 
sign. The  residence  of  Mr.  George  D.  Harrington  and  Mr.  Swan  was  tastefully 
trimmed.     Over  the  porch  on  an  arch  of  blue  ground  was  inscribed  in  giit  letters 


1875.]        Proceedings  in  Lexhir/ton,  April  19,  1875.  419 

the  date  of  the  battle,  April  19, 1775 — 1875.    The  pillars  were  covered  with  bunting, 

and  flagd  and  .streamers  were  displayocl  above  the  euLrauce. 

WALTDAii  Street. — The  residence  of  the  Rev.  E.  O.  Porter  on  Walthani  street 
v^s  decorated,  n-d  ,=i^T<^r'.l  oHicr  rosidenta  di&playcd  flui^H  and  decorated  their  houses. 

The  Streets  Blockaded. — Xot  rnanj' hours  had  passed  before  the  main  street  of 
tlie  vilb'fe  ^\•as  n-owdi  d  with  vehicles  to  .such  an  t-xteui  aH  to  render  it  next  tu  im- 
possible tor  even  men  to  furce  a  i>a.ssage.  All  the  streets  surroundiP!:;;  the  CoininoQ 
were  packed  with  carria<ret,  who've  occupants,  enveloped  in  furs  and  lap  robes,  sat 
ehivering  in  tlic  chilly  air.  Ttie  multitude  were  in  the  best  possible  spirits,  other- 
wise in  such  a  mob  ecrious  disturbauct-s  might  have  occurred.  F.very  uvaihihle  spaco 
which  commanded  a  view  of  the  route  w;is  sought  for  and  occupied,  and  thuusands 
were  unable  to  get  in  sight  of  the  proce&iiou. 

The  P.iyiLt0N'  occupied  a  large  area,  contiguous  to  the  main  entrance  to  the  Com- 
mon and  arljoined  tlie  dinner  tent.  At  the  summit  of  the  tlp.g-stafl"  hung  a  banner 
thirty  feet  long,  and  fruui  each  side  of  the  staff  a  line  of  smaller  Hags  exleniied  acioss 
the  two  latter  etrcets. 

On  the  large  American  and  central  flag  was  inscribed,  on  oneeide,  "  Don't  fire 
unless  fired  upon,  bat  if  they  mean  to  have  war,  let  it  begin  liere, — Capt.  Parker  ;" 
the  reverse  bearing  the  v.-ords,  "  Too  few  to  resist,  too  biave  to  tly."  There  were 
four  lines  of  streamers  festooned  from  the  top  of  the  staff,  and  a  pagoda  for  the  .«ale 
of  mementoes,  near  the  pole.  Immediately  in  rear  of  the  flag  stafl'  was  a  large  tri- 
umphal arch  bearing  the  inscription,  in  conspicuous  letters  :  "  AV'elcome  to  the 
V,;,.*!,.  1--:;  of  Ai.i...iv...LA  liueii^."  i'asoing  uuuer  the  arch,  the  visitors  traversed  a 
short  walk,  environed  with  pine  trees,  to  the  entrance  in  the  paviliun. 

In  the  centve  and  front  of  the  stand  in  the  pavilion  a  framework  covered  with 
bunting  so  as  to  form  a  canopy,  bad  been  erected,  on  which  v/ere  fastened  relics  of 
the  revolutionary  war,  with  explanatory  cards  attached  thereto.  They  comprise  an 
old  three-corncnxl  hat,  a  gun  luaned  by  F.  H.  Rindge,  which  was  used  at  the  battle 
of  Lexington  ;  a  pair  of  stirrups  used  on  the  19th  of  April,  1775,  by  Junatlian  ^mith, 
v.'ho  was'kiUed  at  that  time  ;  swords  owned  by  Henry  cSmith  and  u'^ed  at  the  battles 
of  Lexington  and  Banker  Hill ;  a  Chandler  musket ;  a  gun  used  by  Capt.  John 
Parker  in  the  battle  100  years  ago  ;  tlie  first  gun  captured  by  the  Americans  in  the 
war  of  independence  ;  the  musket  taken  from  the  dead  body  of  a  British  soldier  at 
Lincoln  after  the  retreat;  a  sword  worn  by  ^Vllliam  Reed,  representative  in  the 
Legislature  of  1773 ;  and  a  sword  used  by  John  Paul  Jones  of  the  Bon  Humme 
Kichard. 

The  edge  of  the  platform  was  fringed  with  flowers  and  exotic  plants  in  pots,  the 
boarding  being  covered  with  green  cloth  fringed  with  gold.  At  the  extreme  right 
hand  corner  of  the  platform  reposed  the  statue  of  Sam  Adams,  covered  with  bunting, 
and  the  palmetto  tree  from  South  Carolina  spread  its  fourteen  branches  ov("r  the 
area  bt  'ween  the  speakers  and  the  statue.  The  left  hand  side  was  adorned  with 
John  Hancock's  statue  and  the  i->ine  tree  from  Massachusetts,  the  two  trees  being 
typical  of  the  union  between  South  Carolina  and  this  Commonwealth.  In  tfie  centre 
of  the  canopy  was  an  old  flag  formed  of  red  and  white  bars,  with  twelve  blue  stars 
and  the  inseriptiun  :  "  Flag  of  the  Bon  Homme  Richard."  And  on  the  O'lposite 
6'de  of  tiic  tent,  facing  the  orator  and  dividing  the  encircling  bunting,  were  banners 
cmtaining  the  names  of  the  patriots  killed  in  the  battle  of  Lexington,  and  also  the 
following  mottoes : 

"  Seven  men  of  Lexington  were  killed  ;  nine  wounded ;  a  quarter  part  of  all  who 
stood  in  arms  on  our  green." 

"  Their  names  are  Iield  in  grateful  remembrance." 

"  They  gave  their  lives  in  testimony  to  the  rights  of  mankind." 

The  floor  of  tlie  tent  was  smoothly  laid,  so  that  every  facility  was  afi'orJed  for 
dancing.  The  dimensions  of  this  canvas  are  200  by  80  feet,  and  aff  >rd  sutiieient  ac- 
commodation for  seven  thousand  people.  At  9  A.M.  the  public  were  admitted,  and 
a_  great  crowd  surged  in  and  took  possession  of  the  settees  and  cliairs.  By  10 
o'clock  all  the  available  space  was  disposed  of,  and  the  Germania  Band  took  its 
station  in  front  of  the  Hancock  stiUue  and  played  the  overture  to  '"  Le  Roi  d'i'vctot." 
Tiie  first  to  arri\e  on  the  platform  was  the  '•  New-Eniiland  Veteran  x\.^suciati^In  of 
Oilieers  and  Soldiers  of  the  War  uf  1812,"  nuirshalled  Ijy  Col.  Henry  Little,  and  these 
aged  men  received  great  attention  at  the  hands  of  the  spectators.     Gen.  .Nathaniel 

VOL.  XXIX.  39 


450  Proceedings  in  Lexinrjton^  April  19,  1875.  [Oct. 

P.  Brinks,  the  Rev.  Bonton  Smith  of  ttio  Univerfalist  Church,  and  Josiah  Rntter, 
Esij.,  t!!cCouHiut:er  fr.'in  th'.  tuwn  ol  \Vu1c1j:vi;i,  jireuedtd  their  cavalcaJc,  aud  took 
centnil  seats  on  thi:  platform. 

The  Rev.  Henry  \Ve^;toott,  Mrs.  Cnryand  Mi-s  .■\liceCary,^Te'?.'TS.  Jamfs  TI.  Dan- 
fjiJ:,  M;ii.-.!u;li  i'.  VV'ijuuv  and  Wyzoiuaii  M;'.r>!i;ill,  Jolin  i!.  Alley,  Samuel  M.  .John- 
son, Willi.iin  A.  Sia!ino!!.<,  the  Kev.  Dr.  iiulUn  II.  Nealc,  e.\-<.iov.  Walter  Harriinan, 
of  Nev-Urmp-hire,  Col.  \Villiain  B.  ]\Iann  and  tlio  delej^atiou  from  Philadelphia, 
were  aLso  furnished  chairs  on  the  platform. 

The  openinc;  mldrcpa  was  made  hy  Thomns  Meriaiii  Stetson,  Esq.,  president  of  the 
day.     After  which  prnyer  was  offered  by  the  Rev.  Henry  Wcstcott. 
The  Boylston  Club  of  Boston  then  sang  I^^iclilerg's  national  hymn, — 

"To  thcc,  0  country,  great  and  free." 

After  vrhich  Scripture  selections  were  read  by  the  Rev.  John  Wesley  Churchill,  from 
an  old  copy  of  the  Bible  prcisented  to  the  Lexington  church  by  Gov.  Hancock. 

The  ceremony  of  the  unveiling  of  tlie  statues  of  Ilancook  and  Adams  followed,  ac- 
companied with  an  address  by  the  Hon.  Charles  Hudson,  who  spoke  as  follows  : 

Every  nation  owes  its  birth  and  its  pi-rservation  to  the  gallantry  of  its  soldiers 
and  the  wisdom  of  its  statesmen.  Impre-bcd  with  this  truth  and  the  obligation  it 
imposes,  the  people  of  Lexington  have  plaeed  in  their  Memorial  Hall  tiie  ttatues  of 
two  soldiers,  —  one  a  miuute-man  of  tiie  revolution,  the  ether  a  union  soldier  of  the 
late  war.  In  thitj  way  we  have  testilicd  our  just  appreciation  of  tiie  military  and 
t'.'e  v".1l;o  of  their  servi^oS. 

But  we  feel  that  our  duty  is  but  half  done.  We  have  two  vacant  nioheg  in 
our  hall,  wldch  we  purp'ise  to  till  with  the  statues  of  two  illustrious  statL^?nifn,  in 
grat:;fal  acknowledgment  of  their  worth.  ^Ve  desire  that  the  gallantry  of  the 
soldier  and  the  wisdom  of  the  statesman  sliouLl  shed  their  combined  lustre  in  our 
consecrated  hall,  and  so  teach  the  rising  generation  that  the  civil  and  the  military 
power  are  both  essential  to  the  preservation  of  the  republic. 

Nor  have  we  hesitated  in  the  selection  of  our  subjects.  Two  names  came  to  us 
unsought.  We  e'ould  not  overlook  the  men  whose  ardent  devotion  to  human  rights 
had  excited  the  wrath  of  the  king,  the  mluistrv,  and  the  royal  governor,  liiese 
proscribed  patriots,  known  and  lionored  throughout  the  country,  were  particularly 
identified  with  Le.xington,  and  were  here  on  the  famous  19th  of  April.  Returning 
from  the  provincial  congress,  over  whose  deliberations  one  had  presided  and  whose 
counsels  the  other  had  controlled,  they  had  taken  up  their  abo<:ic  with  their  friend 
and  compeer,  the  Rev.  Jonas  Clark,  whose  heart  beat  in  unison  with  theirs,  and  whose 
•wisdom  and  patriotism  made  his  house  a  favorite  place  of  resort  to  the  leading 
patriots  of  the  day.  Here  these  distinguished  statesmen  were  sojourning  to  avoid 
the  threatened  seizure  aud  transportation  recomm'^nded  by  General  Ga:;e.  Xor 
was  this  prompted  by  mere  seltishness.  They  were  aoved  by  prudence  rather  than 
by  fear,  and  sought  their  country's  freedcim  in  their  own  personal  safety. 

The  elder  of  the  two.  in  the  midst  of  comparative  poverty  which  he  might  have 
bartered  for  boundless  wealth,  cheerhiUy  devoted  the  best  years  of  his  life  to  the 
cause  of  liberty,  and  did  more  to  baffle  the  designs  of  the  ministry  and  prepare  the 
colonies  for  sclf-gwvernment  than  any  other  man.  He  was,  in  fact,  the  organi.^er  of 
the  American  revolution.  Far-seeing  and  sagacious,  he  early  perceived  the  result 
of  the  controversy,  and  kept  the  great  end  of  colonial  independence  constantly  in 
view. 

But,  while  he  labored  to  inculcate  the  principles  of  liberty  and  equal  rights  with 
all  the  steadfastness  of  a  sturdy  old  puritan,  he  had  the  wisdom  to  avoid  those 
impracticable  extremes  into  which  many  ardent  men  are  apt  to  fall.  He  knew  that 
the  colonies  must  act  in  unison;  that  Ma.ssaehusetts,  though  goaded  on  nearly  to 
desperation,  must  I'ear  and  forbear  till  the  otlier  colonics  were  prepared  to  meet  the 
crisis.  He  knew  that  it  would  be  madness  tbr  a  single  colony  to  raise  the  standard 
of  revolt,  and  attempt  alone  to  withstand  the  giant  power  of  Great  Britain  ;  and  so 
he  devoted  his  best  energies  to  unite  the  colonies,  and  thus  make  common  cause  in 
resisting  oppression.  Though  his  feelings  were  ariicnt,  they  were  restrained  by  his 
Bound  judgment;  and  his  firm  religious  principles  forever  bound  him  to  the  interest 
of  his  country.  While  he  was  urging  more  moderation,  and  actually  holdim:;  tlie 
people  iu  one- section  brick  from  overt  acts,  he  used  liis  ^)est  be'=t  efforts  in  other 
places  to  implant  the  seeds  of  liberty,  and  prepare  the  people  for  the  impending 
Btruggle. 


1875.]        Proceedings  in  Lexington,  Ajrril  10,  1875.  451 

■Mectincr  his  oppar.onts  at  cTt^r\- point,  he  Bhowcd  them  that  vc  stood  ujion  the 
broa.l  bi^is  of  the  F.;i_'i<h  cun!-titation,  i\n\  thrit  they  ^verc  tiic  rebels  :in.l  tii'i 
viuhuers  of  the  l.\w.  \Vi;.  n  t.-.xition  v.ns  i!if  tiieino  of  eoiUrover.-y.  tl'ey  v,-«-,r>;  tn'.'l 
that  tiix;:tiij[i  with...  Jf  rcpre-eiiCiuioii  iv;is  reiuiLCH^nt  r.i  tlic  fe.u  !u:ii' ntai  prit-.L-ijilf-S 
iii  Mnr;n.a  Chnrtn.  W'licn  tri-oi'S  wen- s.-nt  h.^ro  t.)  eiifyree  tlicir  uvhitr.uy  d^.-rt-.-.-^ 
and  live  thf  pe.>pic-  Jiiio  Mi;>iiii.-oijti,  itnv  wore  toM  that,  by  i\\^  faiiihiiufiit.il  hiw  uf 
the  i-fii'm,  tile  luiiicury  ani.-t  bo  <iib"rJ:ri:Ue  tis  tho  eivil  p'lWtT;  aud  t!i:'.t  ?ti:;iait!'.^ 
nruiies  in  tiiiits  of  peace  couM  \v>i  be  lawfully  ■[nait.ire^]  aiii.;iiur  t!-=_with-)iit  t:.^ 
couseut  of  o-ar  leizirlatiire.  In  this  way  he  defeated  the  der^iLr!!-;  uf  the  mini-try, 
and  laid  a  linn  f;un.iarion  f.T  Cjlonial  iiitlepptitlouee.  N'or  was  th.i.-*  irilUien'-v  0'<:i- 
Cued  to  his  own  t.-wn  or  c.jl^ny.  In  every  uiianire  ol  ailairs,  in  every  new  <el:e:.^e 
of  oppre^iioD,  he  w.i<  t;:e  iirst  to  ::ive  tiie  ulann,  and  state  the  true  '^veund  i.'f 
oppK^itii-.n ;  and,  t.-ikiii:^  rhe  cue  fruiu  him,  in  a  s-hurt  time  bid  proioimd  axi-^LiS 
became  hou>etioM  words  iii  overy  part  of  tlie  col.jnie^. 

Ile'allowed  nochiu;;  to  di^ert  him  from  his  fiurp'»je.  _  Neither  elated  by  succc^i;, 
nor  depres.sed  by  teuiporary  (hjieats,  lie  moved  steadily  onward,  and  iienenilly 
turned  adversity"  to  his  own  aeeount.  When  others  hesitated,  he  was  re.uiy  Ijt 
action.  ^Vhe^e  ot!:ers  faltered,  he  stood  tnn,  and  never  nj)peared  more  o>llect'.'d  ur 
mere  truly  ^Tt-U  than  wlsen  the  st.)rm  was  ir.it!ierin'^.  and  threatening^  to  h^^rst 
upon  his  devoted  head.  He  met  every  crisis?  with  d:-nity,jir.d  ru-e  ."-u-j-erior  t>  tlie 
occasion.  Trusting  in  the  ju-tice  of  his  cause,  and  leaniaa;  upon  a_  riirhce  ui.s 
X)roviderioe.  'when  he  had  mkea  hie  posiciou  he  btood  collected  and  firm,  immovable 
as  Mount  Atlas, — 

"Thcugli  storms  and  tempc?ts  thnnrlcrcd  on  its  brow. 
And  oceaoi  Lrokc  'w.  b'!''>wj  ;;t  its  f^et." 

Kg  wonder  that  se.ch  a  man,  with  his  prophetic  ken,  should,  on  hearing  the 
assailin:^  mu>k'^try  from  this  ejmmon  on  the  day  we  commemorate,  eiclaini,  "  What 
a  glorious  mominrj  for  Amtrica  is  this!  " 

[At  this  point  the  veil  was  removed.] 

S/JfCEL  Adams!  The  patriot  and  the  sago!  There  ho  stands  in  his  marble 
firmness  and  his  marble  purity.. 

And  who  Fo  fit  to  be  associated  with  him  a.^  his  proscribed  companion,  the 
generous  voun^Tnerchant  of  Boston,  who  laid  Ids  princely  fortune  upon  the  ahar  of 
Lis  country,  and  was  ready  to  liixht  the  olfrrinj  when  the  public  good  should 
require  it !  He  wa.=:  aa  ardent  patriot,  and  uidiilterin;^  in  his  devotion  to  the  eause 
of  his  country.  With  a  fortune  and  a  po-ition  in  society  which  would  have  secured 
to  him  any  "place  he  could  reasonably  desire,  he  put  his  fortune  and  his  all  ia 
jeopardy  by  adhering  to  the  cause  of  the  people.  Having  enlisted  under  the  banner 
of  freedom^,  no  man"  was  more  bold  and  prrscvering  in  his  eiibrt-'.  He  {.re-idtd 
fearksshj  over  the  provincial  congress  whose  n'.eL-tings  the  royal  governor  ha. 1  f.,r- 
bidden.  He  w;\s  ohairmau  of  the  coojmittee  of  safety.  a[)poi:iLed  by  tliat  concrre^H, 
and  clothed  with  lar^ce  executive  power-,  and  was,  in  fact,  the  chief  ma-jiotrat.o  of 
the  colonv,  and,  as  saeh,  the  commander-in-chief  cf  the  military,  and  had  poWiT  to 
call  them' into  tne  tield  in  any  emergency.  Among  other  impornint  positions  wliich 
he  oco'ipicd,  he  was  .Tailed  to  preside  over  the  concinenUil  cungre-s^, —  a  body  of  men 
60  renowue*!  for  prudence,  sagacity,  and  wL-^e  statesman.-hip,  as  to  draw  from  Lord 
Chatham  the  highest  eul;  giura  ou  the  ll.)or  of  p^irliament. 

But  there  is  one  event  in  his  lifj  more  interesting  in  itself,  and  more  illustrative 
of  bis  character,  perhaps,  than  any  other.  I  refer  to  the  fact  that  he  took  b.is 
pea,  and  wrote,  in  a  bold  —  I  had  almost  said  a  dedant — hand,  his  name  upon  a 
document  wliieh.  at  the  time,  in  tiie  estimation  of  thousands,  was  ad  likely  to  prove 
Ills  death-warrant  as  his  pas-sport  to  fame. 

[At  this  point  the  veil  was  removed.] 

There  13  the  figure  of  Joirv  Ha-vcock,  holding  in  his  hand  that  immortal  scroll 
which  prtxlalmei  us  an  indL'pendent  nation,  bearin:;  his  name,  and  his  alone,  —  toe 
affixing  of  the  other  names  being  an  attcrthought,  induced,  in  some  degree  at  least, 
by  the  prompt  example  of  their  president. 

Here,  fcliow-citizcn-',  vod  have  a  view  of  the  two  distinguishetl  natriots  we 
delight  to  honor,  —  patrioti  who  embody  the  zeal,  the  firmaesa,  the  self-sacrificing 


452  Procecllnns  in  Lexinrjton^  Ajivil  19,  1875.  [Oct. 

spirit  of  the  revolution.  If  tbey  could  speak,  tlicy  Trould  kindle  in  our  brei^sts  an 
ardent  love  oi'  libertj',  wliich  moi'.M  induoo  u^;  to  lullow  their  eiimnple,  and  |iIt:-d:ro 
our  /JiVi",  ourj'ortuiits,  and  our  sacred  honor,  to  sustain  tlie  inistttutions  they  labored 
to  establish. 

But.  tiipnk  ]if>nvpn.  thcv  have  spoken,  and  their  words  have  come  down  to  us, 
teeming  wicli  patriotic  self-devotion.  .Adams,  in  the  I'ulnesri  of  his  huart,  in  1771, 
uses  this  expre>.sive  laiiLruagc:  "1  would  advise  perseverance  in  our  strugide  for 
liberty,  th  hu^!i  it  wave  rcveah.d  from  heaven  that  nine  hundred  and  ninety-nine 
■were  to  perish,  and  oulj' one  in  a  thousand  survive  and  retain  his  liberty.  One 
such  person  must  have  morn  virtue  and  enjoy  more  happiness  than  a  thousand 
slaves ;  and  let  him  propagate  his  like,  and  transmit  to  them  what  he  had  nobly 
preserved . ' ' 

With  equal  ardor  and  self-devotion  Hancock  declared  himself  willing,  nay, 
desirous,  that  Boston,  where  his  large  property  was  situated,  should  be  attacked, 
and  his  property  destroyed  to  promnte  the  welfare  of  his  country.  In  an  oLIcial 
letter  to  Washington,  in  Deeeaiber,  1775,  informing  him  that  congress  had  iriven 
him  authority  to  attack  the  British  in  Boston,  if  he  should  deem  it  expedient, 
Hancock  says  emphaticallj',  "i  heartily  desire  il,  iliouyh,  personally,  1  may  be  the 
greatest  svjhrer." 

Such  was  the  spirit  of  our  favorite  statesmen,  and  such  the  spirit  we  would  infuse 
into  our  children.  Upon  such  principles  was  our  freedom  founded,  and  upon  such 
alone  can  it  be  perpetuated. 

ILiXCocK  and  .4daiis  !  Names  to  be  held  in  everlasting  remembrance  !  We  bow 
with  reverence  in  your  imaged  presence,  and  seem  to  receive  patriotic  and  devout 
instTuetiori,  fror^  T"^nr  7;i''.r'^lc  li^.d    . 

At  the  close  of  Mr.  Hudson's  remarks  the  following  poem,  by  John  G.  Whittier, 
"  Lexington,  1775,"  was  i"ung  by  the  Boylston  Club  : — 

No  maddening  thirs^  for  blood  had  they,  Of  man  for  man  the  sacrifice, 

No  h  irtlo-jov  wa.-:  theirs  v.ho  set  Unstained  by  blood  save  theirs,  thcv  irave : 

Against  the  alien  bayonet  The  flowers  "that  blossomed  from  their 

Their  homespun  breasts  in  that  old  day.  grave 

Have  sown  themselves  beneath  all  skies. 

Their  feet  had  trodilen  peaceful  ways, 

They  loved  not  strife,  thoy  dreaded  pain;  Their  death-shot  shook  the  feudal  tower, 

Thev  saw  not,  what  to  us  is  plain.  And  shattered  slavery's  chain  as  wuU : 

That  God  would  make  man's  wrath  his  On  the  sky's  dome,  as  on  a  bell, 

praise.  Its  echo  struck  the  world's  great  hour. 

No  seers  were  they,  but  simple  men:  That  faithful  echo  is  not  dumb : 

Its  vast  results  the  future  hid  ;  The  nations,  listening  to  its  sound, 

The  meaning  of  the  work  they  did  Wait,  from  a  century's  vantage-gvounJ, 

Was  strange  and  dark  and  doubtful  then.  The  holier  triumphs  yet  to  come, — 

Swift  i:  the  summons  came  they  left  The  bridal  time  of  law  and  love, 

The  plough,  mid-furrow,  stamling  still;  Tlie  glailncss  of  the  world's  release, 

The  half-ground  com-grist  in  the  mill.  When,  war-sick,  at  the  feet  of  Peace, 

The  spade  In  earth,  the  axe  in  cieft.  The  hawk  shall  nestle  with  the  dove, — 

They  wont  where  duty  seemed  to  call ;  The  jijohlcn  asre  of  brotherhood, 

They  scarcely  a~'.<cd  the  reason  why ;  Unknown  to  other  rivalries 

They  only  kneiv  they  could  but  die,  Tli;in  of  the  mild  humanities, 

And  death  was  not  the  worst  of  all.  And  gracious  interchange  of  good. 

When  closer  strand  shall  lean  to  strand. 

Till  meet,  beneath  saluting  fla^s, 

The  eagle  of  our  mountain  crags. 
The  lion  of  our  motherland. 

After  which  followed  the  oration  of  the  Hon.  Richard  H.  Dana,  Jr. 

When  the  applause  had  snbsided,  the  entire  audience,  led  by  the  Boylston  Club, 
pang  to  the  tune  of  Old  Hundred  the  following  hymn  composed  by  Mrs.  Julia 
Ward  Howe  : 

One  hundred  years  the  world  hath  seen,  The  troops  were  ha^tenimr  from  the  town 

Since,  bristling  on  the^e  meadows  cneen.  To  hold  t!ie  cor.ntrv  for  the  crown; 

The  Bridsh  foemen  mocked  our  sire-^.  But  thron.-rli  the  land  the  ready  thrill 

New  armed  beside  their  household  hres.  Of  patriot  hearts  ran  swifter  still. 


1875.]       Proceedings  in  Lexington,  April  19,  1875. 


453 


Our  fathers  met  nt  brcnk  of  dawn : 
From  in;ir.y  a  ]MMrcfiil  IkiuiU  thoy  come; 
i'T>^v.\  homely  t;i.-k  an. I  ru>;tic  caic, 
Marshalled  by  faith,  uphold  by  prayer. 

Xhe  >viiiici".-i  wliuat  wa>  in  ilie  irround, 
Waiting  the  .\pril  zephyr's  £ouud; 
But  other  srrowth  theseliclds  should  bear 
Wlicu  v/ar's  wild  suninion.s  rent  the  air. 

Here  flowed  the  sacrificial  blood, 
Hence  sprang  the  bond  of  l)rotlicrhood; 
Here  rooo,  resolved  for  good  or  ill, 
The  nation's  majesty  of  will.. 

0  Thon  who  victor  dost  remain, 
A^lovo  the  slayer  and  the  !-lain. 
Not  ill  we  deem  that  in  thy  miu'ht 
That  day  our  fathers  held  thvjir  right. 

They  knew  not  that  their  ransomed  land 
To  free  the  vassalled  earth  should  stand ; 
That  Thou,  through  all  their  toil  and  pain, 
A  home  of  nations  didst  ordaiu. 


ITpon  this  field  of  Lexinston 
^V'^  hail  the  m'l'h'y  (_r)iiriiiest  won, 
Invoking  here  tiiy'iui-'hticr  n;iri)C, 
To  keep  our  herit;uje  I'roni  shauie. 

May  peaceful  geucratious  turn 
To  wherf!  thesu  uucicnt  glories  burn; 
And  not  a  Ics-on  of  that  time 
I'ade  froiu  nRii's  thoughts  through  wrong 
and  crime. 

Beside  the  hearth  let  freemen  still 
Keep  their  integrity  of  will, 
Anil  meet  the  trcast^n  of  the  hour 
With  mind  resolved,  and  steadfast  power. 

But  not  in  arras  be  oiir  defence : 
Give  us  the  strength  of  innocence. 
The  will  to  work,'  the  heart  to  dare, 
I'or  truth's  great  battle,  everywhere. 

So  may  ancestrd  conquests  live 
In  what  we  have  and  v.-lii't  wc  give, 
And  the  great  boons  we  hold  fruni  Thee 
Turn  to  enrich  humanity ! 


The  benediction  was  pronounced  by  tbe  Rev.  Rollin  H.  Neale,  D.D.,  of  Boston. 

Immediately  after  these  exercises,  the  invited  iruests  were  escorted  to  the  carriages 
in  "5\-aitiDg,  and  as^^igiied  their  place  in  the  procession,  which  marclied  over  the 
desi:;-natcd  route,  and  was  revicved  by  the  presideui:  of  the  Lniicd  States. 

The  formation  of  the  procession  took  place  on  Main  street,  near  Bryant's  corner. 
The  several  or^f-anization.s  and  delegations  tliat  participated  in  the  exercises  at  the 
pavilion  vrere  unable  to  take  tbe  places  originally  assigned  them  in  the_  line,  hut 
joined  the  column  as  it  passed  over  the  route  of  march.  At  about  one  o'clock  the 
final  signal  vras  given,  and  the  procession  moved  in  the  following  order  : 

Brown's  Brigade  Band.  Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery  Company  a?  escort, 
■with  the  following  roster:  Captain  Major  Pcxter  11.  foUett.  First  Lieutenant, 
Lient.  Iloratio  N.  Crane.  Second  Lieutenant,  Sergeant  Asa  Carton.  Adjutant, 
Captain  Samuel  Hichborn.  First  Sergeant  of  Infanlry,  Gen.  Xatt  Head.  Second 
Sergeant  of  Infantry,  Capt.  Wm.  B.  Sears.  Third  'Sergeant  of  Infantry,  Gen. 
Sarauel  H.  Leonard.  Fourth  Sergeant  of  Infantry,  Gen.  George  B.  Drake.  Fiftli 
Sergeant  of  Infantry,  Mtijor  Charles  B.  Whitteniore.  First  Sergeant  of  Artillery, 
John  J.  Mann.  Second  Sergeant  of  Artillerj-,  Albert  T.  Whiting.  Third  Se;-gr;int 
of  Artillery,  Capt.  Charles  Jarvis.  Fourth  Sergeant  of  Artillery,  KoswcU  D.  l  ucker. 
Fifth  Serjeant  of  Artillery,  Capt.  Thomas  W."  Cazmay.  ''  rea.surer  and  Paymaster, 
Capt.  John  G.  Fvoberts.  'Cierk  and  Assistant  Paymaster,  Lieut.  George  il.  Allen. 
Quarterma.ster,  Capt.  Charles  S.  Lambert.  Armorer,  Capt.  Richard  iNI.  Barker. 
The  Ancients  had  350  men  in  line,  and  among  the  honorary  staff  were  Gen.  Banks, 
Col.  John  C.  Park,  Gen.  Ebenezer  W.  Stone  and  Maior  George  0.  Carpenter.  Chief 
Marshal,  Wm.  A.  Tower.  Chief  of  Stafi',  Gen.  Wilinon  W  .  Blackuuir.  Adjutant 
General,  Cap'.  Samuel  E.  Cliandler.  Aides— Col.  D.  P.  Muzzcy.  Col.  J.  N. 
Lombard,  Capt.  Hugh  Cochrane,  Capt.  George  R.  Kelso,  Edward  W.  Kinsley,  Esq., 
Cornelius  Wellington,  Esq.,  F.  0.  Robinson.  Esq.,  Lieut.  Col.  William  In-alls, 
iM.D.,  Capt.  Wm^  Roberts,  Capt.  T.  D.  Whitney,  Capt.  E.  L.  Giddings,  Cupt. 
Jonas  F.  CaptUe,  A.  E.  Scott,  Esq.,  Beoj.  Poland,  Esq. 

Right  DmsiON.— Gen.  Wm.  Cogswell,  Chief.  Aids— Gen.  F.  S.  Nickerson,  Maj. 
W.  S.  Greenough,  Col.  J.  W.  Gilray,  Dr.  George  S.  Osborne.  Capt.  H.  W.  Putnam, 
F.  V.  Butters,  Esq.  Brockton  Band.  Lexington  Minute  Men,  Major  LoringU'. 
Muzzey  commanding,  a.s  escort,  97  men.  Adjutant,  A.  D.  Cutler.  Captain  of  First 
Company,  George  LI.  Culler.  Captain  of  Second  Company,  G.  Koffman.  Salem 
Band.  Salem  Cadets.  Major  A.  P.  Browne  commanding.  lO'O  men.  Maj.ir,  Samuel 
Dalton;  Adjutant,  J.  F.  Dalton;  Surgeon,  E.  0.  Fowler;  Paymaster,  T.  H.  Johnson; 
Quartermaster,  E.  A.  Simonds.  First  Co..  Cant.  Ilobbs:  Second  Co.,  Capt.  Masury; 
Third  Co.,  Capt.  Hart ;  F..urth  Co.,  Capt.'  Newhali.  Mayor  Williams  and  the  City 
Government  of  Salem.  2>iilitarY  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion,  United  States,  General 
Charles  Devens,  Jr.,  comniaaduig,  100  men.  Dedham  Brass  Band.  Charles  W. 
VOL.  XXIX.  39* 


454  Proceedings  in  Lexington,  April  19,  1875.  [Oct. 

Carroll  Post  No.  1 11,  G.  A.  R..  Eilwarl  Shrrwln  commanding;,  40  men,  aotini;  aa 
escort  to  a  i<olej:ntion  of  150  citizens  of  Dclliain.  Ocn.  TlDinas  Siierwin,  M;iv.-.!uil, 
MaiKicliusctt:::  Veteran  Association  of  Survivurs  of  the  ^va^  of  1SI2,  in  carriaiius. 
Dartmoor  pri.-«)nera  in  carriau'es.  Society  of  the  Cin(Mnnati.  President  of  tlie  I'ay. 
Orator  an<i  rhnnlnin.  Clninaan  o'i  the  Coianiittcc  of  Arrani^enients'.  li'janl  of 
Governmonl  ot  the  Ma'^acliusotts  (^hrritaUie  Asstciatiou.  T\venty  member**  »i  tlie 
Joseph  U'urren  MimuMient  A-^^ociation  of  Roxburv  in  a  har;:'e.  Necdham  L'>and. 
Mouatid  (lelegcUion  from  Xeudl-.am,  Joeeiili  E.  Fisko,  Macohal.  Hii;liland»ille 
Cornet  Baud.  Delciiatlon  uf  citizens  from  Necdham,  100  men.  Post  21 ,  G.  A.  li., 
Needham,  30  men.  Delegation  from  Quincy,  corisistinij  of  Hon.  Cliarles  Marsli, 
Ciiainnan;  John  O.  Holden,  U'm.  D.  Wooster  and  C.  C.iJohnson.  Magoun  Battery 
of  Meilford,  two  gnns,  an  escort  for  S.  C.  Lawrence  PoPt  6f3,  G.  A.  R.  Captain  of 
Battery,  Cliarlee  iluf-sell;  First  Lieutenant,  Kdwin  Burbank:  .Second  Lieut..  W'm. 
Vining.  S.  C.  Lawrence  tlncampment.  Post  Ct»,  (i.  A.  R.,  Caj)t.  L  F.  R.  llosea, 
50  men.  Saunders's  Cornet  Band  of  Peabody.  Peatjudy  Veterans'  and  Soldiers'  and 
Sailors'  Ar'sociation,  4"»  men,  W.  M.  Ward  commanding.  OM  Dauver.s  Light 
Infantry,  fiO  men,  Major  D.  J .  Preston  commanding,  accompanied  by  the  Union  1-ifc 
and  Drum  Corps  of  I'eabody.  Delegation  of  100  minute  men  from  Billcrica,  C.  H. 
Kill,  Marshal,  with  banner,"  "  I775~187.=>,  101  minute  men."  Delegation  ot  citizens 
from  Chelsea,  Melrose,  Newton,  Acton,  Westford,  Sudbury,  Lincoln  and  Chelmsford. 
Nashim  Cornet  Band.  21  men.  Mechanic  Phalanx  of  Ljwell,  45  men.  Captain,  C. 
W.  lirown  ;  Lieutenants.  George  A.  ^Merrill  and  A.  A.  Han-com.  Lowell  City 
Government.  Collector  of  the  Port  of  Boston.  Postmaster  of  the  City  of  B'lston. 
Maval  Officer  and  Surveyor  of  the  Port  of  Boston.  Officers  of  the  United  States 
Army  and  Navy.  Phiiadflnhia  Centenninl  (^ommi-^-^on.  Th?  Cit3'  Council  of 
r:.iIo.J>,lpiiiii.  i.\ti\s  iorK  Liiamber  of  Commerce.  Bunker  Hill  Monument  Associa-  . 
tion.    Boston  Board  of  Trade. 

Ckstre  Division. — Col.  William  T.  Crammer,  Chief.  Aids — Col.  Carmll  D. 
Wright,  Col.  Lyman  Dike,  Dr.  C.  T.  Lang,  Charles  0.  Billings,  Esq.,  xYlva  S.  Wood, 
Esq.,  N.  H.  Merriam,  Esq.  North  Woburn  Brass  Band,  C.  L.  Stetson,  Leader,  25 
pieces.  Woburu  Mechanic  Plialanx,  6.3  men.  Captain  A.  L.  Richard.son.  Burbank 
Post  No.  33  of  Woburn,  77  men,  John  L.  Parker,  Commander.  A.  D.  Weld  Post 
No.  143  of  Winchester,  30  men,  C.  II.  Moseley,  Commander.  Winchester  Young 
Men's  Association,  32  men,  N.  F.  .Marble,  Marshal.  Delegation  of  Citizens  of  the 
Town  of  Woburn  in  five  carriages.  A.  E.  Thompson,  Chairman  of  Committee. 
Carriage  driven  by  Wm.  B.  11am  of  Woburn,  West  Village,  containing  relics  of  the 
Battle  ((f  Lexington.  Citizens  of  Winchester  in  carriages,  S  S.  Holtoc,  chairman. 
Cavalcade  of  Woburn  Citizens,  ^laji^r  E.  ¥.  Wyer,  Marshal,  101  men.  Cavalcade 
of  Burlington  citizens,  F.  E.  Ham,  .^Ia^shal,  50  men.  Selectmen  and  citizens  of  the 
town  of  Burlington  in  two  carriages,  Mr.  F.  E.  Marshall,  Chairman.  Stoneham 
Delegation,  W.  B.  Stevens,  Marshal  :  aids,  B.  A.  Fowler  and  E.  B.  FairchiMs. 
Stcneham  Brass  Band,  20  pieces  ;  E.  Gdbcrt,  leader.  J.  P.  Gould  Post  75,  G.  A.  R., 
of  3toneham,  S6  men,  John  Best.  Commander.  Carriage  containing  George  W. 
Dike,  E'iward  Bucknam  and  B.  F.  Richardson,  descendants  of  Stoneham  minute- 
men  of  1775,  with  banner.  Selectmen  and  Town  Clerk  of  Stoneham  in  carriages. 
Citizens  of  Stoneham,  125  men.  Reading  Veteran  Association,  30  men,  W.  W.  Davis, 
Commander.  DelPi;ations  of  the  citizens  of  Reading,  60  men,  Clrarles  H.  Lang, 
Marshal.  MaJden  Cornet  Band,  20  pieces.  A.  Moore,  leader.  Delegation  of  citizens 
of  Maiden,  25  men.  A.  L.  Barrett,  Marshal.  Maj.  Gen.  Hiram  G.  Perry  Post  No.  40, 
G.  A.  R.,  of  Maiden,  70  men,  M.  B.  Lakeman,  Commander.  Selectmen  and  Town 
Officers  of  Maiden,  in  four  carriiges.  Riidey's  Wakefield  Band,  25  pieces,  W.  S. 
Kipley,  leader.  Richardson  Light  Guard  of  Wakefield,  70  men,  C:'pt.  J.  M.  Cate. 
Warren  Post  No.  12,  G.  A.  R.,  of  Wakefi<'ld,  60  n)en,  J.  \\' .  Harnden,  Commander. 
Revere  Brass  Band,  IS  pieces,  S.  B.  Janvrin,  leader.  Selectmen  of  Revere  in  two 
carriages,  and  eight  barges  containing  citizens.  Col.  T.  W.  Porter,  Marshal.  Caval- 
cade of  Waltham  citizens,  65  men,  C.ijit.  Wm.  Giblts,  Marshal,  escorting  Gen.  N. 
P.  Banks  and  the  veterans  of  the  war  of  1S12  of  this  town,  viz.:  Samuel  Barry  and 
Isaac  Farewell.  Watertown  Bra.'^s  B;ind,  25  pieces,  VVillard  Sheldon,  leader.  Isaac 
B.  Patten  Post  81,  G.  A.  R.,  of  Watertown,  52  men,  Albert  B.  Hardwell,  Com- 
mander. Watertown  Minute  Men,  Charles  Potter,  Commander,  54  men.  ^Vater- 
town  School  Guard.  40  men,  Ca[)t.  Jolm  Stevens.  Watertown  citizens  and  descend- 
ants of  3Iinute  Men  who  fought  at  Leximrton.  in  2  carriage.^.  First  Regiment  Band, 
30  pieces.  Drum  ("'rps,  10  pieces.  Clatlin  Guards  of  N'ewton,  .50  men,  Capt.  A. 
W.  Walworth.  !Mayor  Hyde,  Board  of  Aldermen  and  Coaimon  Council  of  Newton 
in  6  carriages. 


1875.]        Proceedings  in  Lexington,  April  19,  1875.  455 

LriT  Division-.— Col.. B.  F.  Pc:\ch,  Chief.  Aids — Maj.  Jo?..  A.  lugalla,  Maj.  A. 
Ilun  Berry,  Capt.  ll.Tuy  C.  Ciittor.  Lieut.  Au<s.  l>n)Wri,  Lieut.  C.  C.  Frye,  \.  C. 
Tower,  ts(i.  ben.  W  aleutr,  Cuuiiuamier  of  the  Canil)ri'J;_x'  Delegation.'  Aid-r— 
CaptH.  Julin  Read  aiKi  V-i.  11.  Prior.  IluiiJ's  baud  of  liobton  (uiouiited),  Alonzo 
Hoi.d.  lor-der,  II  rif-ee«  P»istMn  -fiiirht  I)ra<;)ons,  Cai<l.  David  Scott,  lUO  men. 
i-idniand-i's  Dan  i  nf  l3'.-t;>r.  (who  appenred  lor  tfie  tirst  time  in  tlicir  new  unili'rm), 
Cj  piece,-!.  J'uurth  Battalinu  >L  \.  iM  I'rum  Corps,  IG  drums,  James  Clark, 
J>ruin  Ma-'ter.  Fourth  Battalion  ^L  V.  M.,  four  conipaiiies,  MajcM-  Jl.  C. 
SVellin.i;U)n.  Stati'^Adjutant,  Geor;^e  IL  Thorn;  Surgeon,  J.  A.  ilildreth ; 
Quartermaster,  D.  A.  Bruwq  :  Paymabter,  H.  L.  IIitelii;o(;k,  and  Lieut.  C 
D.  Whitney.  Js on-commissioned  Stall"— Sorgt.-  Major  Lethbridgc,  Quartermaster 
Sergeant  \Ving,  and  Hospital  Steward  Brown.  Co.  A. — Ca]itani,  N.  N.  Noyes  ; 
Lieuts.,  N.  N.  Xoyes  and  Ccorge  O.  N')yes.  Co.  B. — Cafituin,  Levi  ilawkcs  ; 
Liculenavits,  Dowland  and  Gowan.  Co.  C. — Captain,  T.  L.  ilarlow;  Lieutmants, 
Pray  and  Fallon.  Co.  D. — Captain,  H.  A.  Parkinson  ;  Lieutenant.s,  Harrington 
and  Fitzniire.  Germania  Band  of  Cambridge,  C.  C.  lleiehuiau,  leader,  21 
pieces.  Capt.  Joseph  ^V'.  Smith,  Battalion  Coumiander  of  the  Cambridge  G.  A. 
K.  Posts.  Aid — .\djutant  James  Munroe.  Encampment  W.  II.  Sinart  Po»t  .3*3, 
G.  A.  R.  ;  Commander,  W'm.  B.  Livesey — 100  men.  Encampment  Charles 
Beck  Popt  56,  G.  A.  K.,  W.  \V.  Webb,  Commander;  30  men.  Kneanipmcnt  P. 
Stearns  Davis  Post  57,  G.  A.  R.,  A.  !M.  Lunt,  Commander;  tiO  men.  Barouches 
containing  Aldermen  J.  C.  Wellington  and  William  L.  Whitney,  and  Council- 
men  Kelley,  Stone.  Nichols  and  Swan,  all  of  the  Cambridge  City  Council  Committee 
on  the  Lexington  Centennial  ;  }ilayor  Bradford  of  Cambridge  and  ex->Layorb  Green, 
Uout'"hron  and  Sar'jenr.  mem'iprB  of  the  Ca'iibrid/<^  L'itv  Couneii,  and  a  d"legation 
01  citizens.  Lynn  Ijrass  Band,  J.  C.  iNorton,  leader,  iiO  piece.-^.  Lynn  Light  In- 
fantry, Captain,  J.  d.  Warner;  Lieutenants,  C.  AL  Spraguo  and  G.  A.  Fuller.  Jr., 
57  mm.  Newton  City  Bra-s  Band,  C.  P.  Eaton,  leader,  -5  pieces.  Drum  Corps, 
10  drums.  Button  In<iependent  Eiisileers,  Captain  ll.  A\'.  Snow,  75  men.  Stall' — 
Captains  McDonald,  Aklrich,  Sargent  and  \\  arner.  American  Band  ot  Cambridge 
(■mounti'd),  Daniel  Bis^ell,  leader,  23  pieces.  Cavalcade  of  Arlington  citizen':!, 
James  Durgan,  JNLarshal,  200  men.  Three  barouches,  containing  prominent  citi/.ens 
of  Arlington.  Delegation  oi^  four  members  of  Hiram  Lodge  F.  A.  M.  of  Arlington 
in  barouche.  Delegation  of  four  members  of  Metoncmy  Royal  Arch  Chapter  of 
Masons  of  Arlington  in  barouche.  Delegation  of  tix  members  of  Betiiei  Lodge 
I.  0.  0.  F.  of  Arlington  in  barouche.  Delegation  of  six  memliers  of  the  Arlington 
Temperr.nce  Society  In  barouche.  Delegation  of  four  members  of  i\Ietonomy  (joun- 
cil.  Sovereinrns  of  Industry,  of  Arlington,  in  Ijarouehe.  Lexington  Brass  Band, 
JNIcDonald,  leader,  '25  pieces.  Franklin  Lodge  No.  41,  K.  of  i'.,  of  Somervillc, 
Wm.  Spring,  Commander,  90  men.  Encampment  W.  C.  KinghleyNo.  13U,  G.A.R., 
of  Soraerville,  George  W,  Burroughs,  Commander,  130  men.  Eleven  barouches 
Containing  Mayor  Furber  of  Somerville,  members  of  the  City  Council  and  a  delega- 
tion of  citizens.  St.  Bridget  Total  Abstinence  Society  of  Lexington,  P.  Kelley, 
Marshal,  35  men. 

The  route  was  from  Bryant's  corner  through  ^lain  to  Hancock  Btreet,  through 
Hancock  to  Revere  street,  through  Revere  to  Bedford  street,  and  thence  to  the 
"  Old  Bnttle  Ground,''  where  the  procession  was  dismissed. 

The  column  extended  a  distance  of  nearly  two  miles,  and  bo  dense  was  the  crowd 
of  people  at  eevcral  points  that  it  was  with  difliculty  that  the  proceraion  could  move. 
On  the  return  down  Bedford  street,  Presi'lent  Grant,  escorted  by  the  Lancers,  took 
a  position  in  rear  of  the  Salem  Cadets  and  remained  with  the  column  until  it  was 
dismissed,  when  he  with  other  guests  proceeded  to  the  "Old"  Bucknam  Tavern," 
where  they  rested  for  a  tew  minutes  before  entering  the  dinner  tent.  The  ludeijendent 
Corps  of  Cadets  with  Gov.  Gaston  and  the  Legislature  did  not  arrive  from  Concord 
in  season  to  take  the  position  assigned  them  in  the  line,  and  other  orjjanizations 
which  went  to  Concord  were  also  too  late. 

At  about  half-past  three,  the  review  of  the  procession  by  President  Grunt  and  bis 
party  having  been  completed,  the  festival  in  the  dinner-tent  formally  commenced. 

The  chair  was  taken  by  Mr.  Stetson,  the  president  of  tiie  day;  and  on  his  right 
were  seated  the  president  of  the  Cnited  States  ;  Gen.  William  W.  Belknap,  seeretary 
of  war  :  tlie  H'm.  Georu'*^  M.  Robeson,  secretary  of  the  na\y  :  Chief-Juatice  Gray  ; 
the  orator  of  the  day;  Gen.  0.  E.  Bal.>cock  ;  tlie  Hon.  Charles  Hudson  ;  the  Hun. 
Columbus  Delano,  eecretary  of  the  interior,  and  other  gentlemen. 


456  l^oceedings  in  Lexington^  April  19,  1875.  [Oct. 

On  the  left,  at  the  ?nino  tabic,  sat  Vicc-Prcpiiient  Wilson  ;  the  lion.  Hamilton  Fish, 
secrotary  of  si.i'e;  the  Rev.  KdwarJ  (.r.  Pu"ter  ;  G-.v.  riirnahi.'rhi.iu,  of  Suuili  L'uro- 
li'.ia;  Portiii;i.sci;r-G»;aoral  Jo^vcll  ;  Senator  Wadifigh,  ol'  Ne^v-IIauiphhire  :  t'ol. 
Josepii  A.  ilarwood,  chairman  of  the  le;,'islative  ooiiimittee  on  the  centennial ; 
CoDimoilore  Nieho!*.  V  S.  X. ;  Gen.  Eenham, 'L'.  ti.  A.,  and  other  distinyaislied 
gUL'sK  01  th.j  town. 

Hiti  EsoeJJeney  Gov.  G'iston  snon  after  arrived,  and  took  a  scat  at  the  same  table. 

The  Kev.  Y.  Iwaid  'J.  T./i-ter,  (a'  LoxinL'tun,  uJii'-iatcd  as  chaplain  ut  the  festival. 

When  the  dessert  appeared  upon  the  tables,  the  President  requested  the  attention 
of  the  vast  audience,  and  said, — 

Ladies  and  Gcrillemm,  —  Tiic  lapse  of  a  century  of  rational  life,  during  which 
the  pageant  and  insiirnia  of  royalty  have  been  unknown  to  Americans,  has  Brought 
us  together  at  the  Fpot  where  American  hl)erty  first  gpoke  out  its  purpose  and 
determination.  The  nation  hernia  with  reverence  i)ofore  the  plain  irravestone,  with 
its  inscriprion  that  rcud.j  like  one  of  tlie  tablets  of  eternity,  of  the  first  martyrs  of 
the  revolution.  Their  battle,  with  its  calm  courage,  its  pcr&onal  heroism,  its 
strange,  bold,  unesjiccted  stand  of  sixty  against  eight  hundred,  was  the  tlower  and 
consummation  of  principles  that  were  lung  ripe  ning  in  the  cltar -sighted,  liberty-lov- 
ing, Anglo-Saxon  mini.  Tne founders  oi  the  English  Commonwealth  ;  the raeu  who 
advocated  libf-rty  more  ardently  than  the  tlow  evolution  of  English  methods  would 
permit:  the  men  who  brought  Cliarles  to  the  block  ;  the  iron-sides  of  Naseby  and 
Worcester;  tlie  Miltons,  Ilanipdens  and  Pyms,  —  spoke  and  worked  through  their 
American  representatives  better  and  more  wisely  than  at  home.  Slow,  sure, 
consistent,  the  Americans  j.iroceeded  at  every  step.  Thoy  recognised  completely  the 
;; ■j.preinacy  vjf  lu-w,  vviiei,jier  to  crusn  king  or  protect  people.  Ko  accidental  impulse 
moved  tlicir  leaders.  Their  policy  slowly  ripened  through  years  of  observation. 
Samuel  Ad-ims  v.atched  iionth  after  month  for  the  maturity  of  mini?teri;il  error  as 
calmly  as  John  Parker  stood  at  his  company's  head,  and  told  them  to  receive  the 
British  tire  first.  They  knew  that  the  ripeness  of  events  was  needed,  that  the  frenzy 
of  the  ministry  was  the  statesmanship  of  fate.  The  sympathies  of  Rockingham, 
Burke,  Camden  and  otliers  were  too  precious  to  be  imperilled  by  rashness,  or 
alienated  by  mistakes.  That  ndonition  of  the  ei^ual  administration  of  justice,  which 
made  John  Adam-  and  the  younger  (.Juincy  volunteer  to  defend  Capt.  Preston  and 
his  soldiers  afcer  the  Boston  massacre,  was  no  mere  quixotism.  That  equal  justice 
was  the  object  and  purpose  of  America  then,  and  tlicir  clear  vision  was  undimmed 
by  passion.  They  did  not  believe  the  law  to  be  the  mere  will  of  people  or  of  prince, 
but  a  rule  of  loftier  and  diviner  origin. 

The  Bay  Colony  was  from  the  beginning  a  school  of  jurisprudence,  where  Selden 
or  Grotius  might  have  learned.  Nowhere  in  the  world's  history  is  taught  the 
science  of  liberty  regulated  by  law,  as  in  the  early  story  of  Massachusetts.  What 
great  subjects  they  talked  over  in  town  meetings  then  !  Right  here  in  Lexington 
the  R'^v.  Jonas  Clark,  un.-urpassed  as  a  writer  of  state  papers,  taught  the  solidest 
views  of  law;  and  this  township  instructed  its  representative  as  to  his  course 
concerning  the  ohno5i"US  acts  of  parliament,  "so  to  vote,  that,  whether  successful  or 
not.  succeeding  generations  may  know  that  we  understood  our  rights  and  liberties, 
and  were  neither  ashamed  nor  afraid  to  assert  and  maintain  them." 

These  were  the  men  who  answered  the  drum-beat  in  the  early  grny  of  the  morning 
a  liundred  years  ago  to-day.  Not  many  of  them  were  young  men.  Thev  were  sober, 
considerate  heads  of  families.  The  glory  of  Samuel  Adams  was  in  Fanenil  Hall, 
but  his  refuge  was  in  Lexiuirtun  ;  and  who  could  teach  republicanism  so  well  as  he? 
Their  old  minister  had  a  grandson  whose  name  stands  first  and  largest  on  the 
declaration  of  independence;  and  he  too  was  a  fugitive  from  power  at  Lexington. 
Here  he  often  visited  Lis  cousin,  Mr.  Clark.  At  that  house  we  can  imagine  were 
discussed  the  highest  themes  of  government  and  state.  With  such  guidance,  the 
men  of  Lexin'i-tjn  knew  their  duty.  In  earnestness  and  sobriety  they  did  it.  No 
excitement  of  martial  p>omp  allured  these  quiet  farmers.  No  ladies'  favors,  no 
militarv"  exuberance,  were  calling  the  gilded  youth  and  curled  darlings  of  a  nation 
to  a  tournament  or  a  tkilaklava.  There  were  no  princes  to  act,  no  kingdom  for  a 
stage.  There  was  no  hope  of  siiccess  against  the  overpowering  numbers  of  the 
trained  soldiers  that  were  advancing  up  the  road;  and,  if  military  skill  alone  had 
been  consulted,  Capt.  Parker  would  have  witi'drawn  his  men.  But  the  sixt\- 
Lexington  statesmen  loaded  with  ball,  and  stood  still  to  receive  the  fire  and  bide  the 
shock  of  eiiiht  hundrd  s<'ildicrs.  What  wonls  of  grave  encouragement  and  cheer 
rang  aiong  their  ranks  I   They  knew  that,  beiore  the  tire  of  the  regulars, perhaps  half 


1875.]        Proceedings  in  Lexington.,  April  19,  1875.  457 

their  min)ber  would  go  down.  Asbistanrc  was  not  to  be  expected;  but  tliey  stood 
there  for  their  daintry  and  the  law.  Frura  the  pines  of  Merinni't*  Hill,  J.ihii  Ihincook 
and  SaniLiel  Ad  uus  veie  looking  down  upon  them.  They  could  n(jt  falter  nor 
succeed,  but  thev  could  die.  What  were  Fontenoy'.s  fantasuo  and  theatrical  cour- 
tesies to  this?  The«,>Tn..n  V-no-^thf^  tremendous  rci-ponsibiliiy  of  tlie  hour, and  waited 
for  tl;e  eneuiy  to  i'n;  first,  with  the  immovable  steadfastness  of  tlio  rock  ct  lilicrty. 
Isor  were  they  inexperienced.  Mt-n  of  this  company  had  loui^ht  the  lon,:^  wars  with 
the  Indian.*,  iiad  fought  the  Ficneh  at  Carillon  and  Crown  I'uint.  Capt.  J'arker 
had  crnnbed  with  Gen.  W'olfifi  to  the  citadel  <jf  Quel-cc.  Kobcrt  Munroe,  with  the 
standard  of  England  in  his  grasp,  had  forced  hi.s  way  over  the  ramparts  of  Louis- 
burg ;  and  all  the  other  fourteen  ^lunroes  in  the  comjiany  were  the  same  staunch, 
obstinate  Scotch  warriors  that  he  was.  Joseph  Simonds  Ij^ire  the  old  flag  of  .Massa- 
chusetts Bay  as  proudly  against  his  king  a.s  it  had  been  borne  to  the  wintry  coasts  of 
Cape  Breton.  There  were  no  star,-^  and  stripes  then  ;  but  these  men  were  building 
better  than  they  knew.  They  were  loyal  to  their  king,  but  more  loyal  to  justice 
and  the  law ;  and  from  the  tirst  shot  fired  by  the  grenadiers,  to  the  time  when 
Masimilian  fell  beneath  Mexican  bullets,  it  has  been  clear  that  tlie  soil  of  North 
America  is  no  place  for  kings. 

Fellow- Citizev.f:,  —  Since  the  close  of  the  service  at  the  pavilion,  our  crowded 
ranks  have  been  largely  recruited  by  other  visitors.  We  are  now  honored  with  the 
presence  of  the  chief  magistrate  of  the  nation,  whom  I  have  the  privilege  to  present 
to  you. 

[Here  President  Grant  rose,  and  was  received  by  the  immense  throng  with 
tremendous  cheers. J 

And  we  cordially  welcome  you,  Mr.  President,  to  your  place  in  the  day's  observ- 
ance. Beneath  your  feet  is  a  battle-field  smaller  and  less  awful  than  your  field  of 
Vicksburg  or  Petersburg  ;  ks,?,  infinitely  less,  in  number  of  combatants,  and  in 
continuance  of  strife,  than  those  tremendous  battle-plains  of  the  Wilderness;  but 
still  one  of  the  crises  of  history  was  transacted  here.  On  this  consecrated  ground 
we  recall  with  swelling  hearts  what  you  too  have  done  for  our  country. ,  And  with 
the  associations  of  the'place  and  hour  to  welcome  you,  not  only  as  the  civil  head  of 
a  united  nation,  but  as  the  military  chief  whose  strong  arm,  m.atchless  skill,  firm- 
ness that  moved  on  to  its  purpose  with  the  passionless  force  of  a  glacier,  finished 
the  work  that  the  farmers  of  Middlesex  began  :  and,  after  ninety  years  of  growth, 
consolidated  and  completed  a  republic  lit  for  the  proud  and  fervid  worship  of  the 
free. 

With  the  concurrence  of  you  all,  1  will  now  propose  the  first  regular  toast  of  the 
dinner,  to  which  music  will  give  the  response,  —  'TAe  President  of  the  Lnited 
States.'" 

As  the  governor  of  Massachusetts  had  not  yet  arrived,  the  second  regular  toast 
•was  postponed,  and  the  next  toast,—"  The  State  of  South  Caro/ma,"— was  responded 
to  by  Gov.  Daniel  U.  Chamberlain. 

The  next  toast,— "TAe  Commonwealth  of  Massachxisctts,'  —y^ViS  responded  to  by 
Governor  Gaston. 

The  President  of  the  Day  then  said  :— You  know,  fellow-citizens,  that  to-day  we 
celebrate  along  the  whole  line.  I  have  just  received  from  our  brethren  at  Coucord, 
by  the  han<is  of  the  President  of  the  United  States,  this  sentiment : — 

"Concord  sends  greeting  to  Lexington  on  this  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  glorious 
morning,  by  the  hand  of  the  President  of  the  United  States.  The  Great  Republic, 
whose  thirty-seven  States  span  a  continent  from  ocean  to  ocean,  is  the  harvest  of 
which  the  seed  was  sown  on  the  19th  of  April,  1775.  E.  Kockwood  HoaR." 

This  communication  was  received  with  deafening  applause  and  cheers. 

In  response  to  the  next  regular  toast, — ^'Enr/land  and  America. — Now  true 
and  loyal  frieniis ;  the  two  great  Ando-Saxon  nations  settle  their  differences  with 
justice,  ami  without  the  sword,"  the  Rev.  !Mr.  Porter  read  the  following  letter  from 
the  Right  Hon.  W.  E.  Gladstone  :— 

London,  March  5,  1875. 

Gentlemen, — 1  have  had  the  honor  to  receive  the  letter  in  which  you  convey  to  me 
a  very  warm  and  courteous  invitation  to  attend  the  banquet  which  it  is  prnjiosed  to 
hold  at  Lexington  in  commemoration  of  the  attainment  of  independence  by  the 
United  States  of  America. 

The  circumstances  of  the  war  which  yielded  that  result,  the  principles  it  illus- 


458  Procecdiufjs  in  Lextn^ion,  April  ID,  1875.  [Oct. 

tratcs,  and  the  reraarbabli"  j)owcr8  :inJ  characters  of  the  principal  men  xvho  took  part, 
wJiether  as  PuMi  -n;  or  civilians,  in  the  f;tMr,"-'!e,  have  always  inve.s'.eil  it  wiWi  a 
peculiiir  int'j;e>t  in  my  eyi.-s,  quite  indopenJeiitly  uf  the  intimate  concern  of  thia 
country  in  the  events  themselves. 

On  account  of  t]«-<.-^  fi-irnres,  that  Trar  anJ  its  accompanimentri  seem  to  me  to 
constitute  one  ot  tl;o  most  instruccive  chapters  of  modern  hist>ry,  and  I  have  repeat- 
edly reeoiumep.ded  them  to  younger  m>'n  as  suhjects  of  especial  study. 

With  these  vi»-\v.s,  1  need  not  say  hi)W  far  I  am  from  vi:<.^a.T'\iii;^  tiic  approaching 
celebration  with  indilFercnee.  It  is  entirely  beyond  my  puwer  to  cross  the  sea,  even 
with  the  present  admirable  communications,  li)r  tlie  purpose  of  attendance.  Tlie 
present  time  happens  to  be  for  mo,  even  independently  of  niy  attendance  in  parlia- 
ment, one  of  many  urgent  occupations  wiiich  I  am  not  at  liberty  to  put  aside.  But 
1  e^irnestly  hope,  and  I  cannot  doubt,  that  the  celebration  will  be  wortliy  of  the 
occasiun. 

In  a  retrospeotive  view  of  the  eventful  period,  my  countrymen  can  now  contemplate 
its  incidents  with  impartiality.  I  do  not  think  they  should  severely  blarue  their 
ancestors,  whuse  ptrugnles  to  maintain  tlie  unity  of  the  British  empire  is  one  that 
must,  1  think,  after  the  lato  i^rcat  war  of  tiie  North  and  .South,  be  viewed  iu  America 
with  some  sympathy  and  indiili^cnce.  We  can  hardly  be  expected  to  rate  very 
highly  the  motives  of  those  European  powers  who  threw  their  weii^ht  into  the  other 
scale,  and  who  so  sensibly  contributed  towards  a'^celeratini^,  if  not,  indeed,  towards 
determining,  the  issue  of  the  war  ;  yet,  for  one,  1  can  mo^,t  truly  say  that,  whatever 
the  motives  and  however  painful  the  process,  they,  while  seekinsj  to  do  an  injury, 
conferred  upon  us  a  great  benefit,  by  releasing  us  from  efforts  the  continuation  of 
which  would  have  been  an  unmixed  evil.  As  regards  the  fathers  of  the  American 
Co:.:tiluUuu  i,ucUi5Civcs,  i  Oelieve  we  can  and  do  now  contemplate  their  great 
qualities  and  achievements  with  an  admiration  as  pure  as  that  of  American  citizens 
themselves  ;  and  can  rejoice  no'less  heartily,  that,  in  the  counsels  of  Providence,  they 
were  made  the  instruments  of  a  purpose  most  beneficent  to  the  world. 

The  circumstances  under  which  the  United  States  began  their  national  existence, 
and  their  unexampled  rapidity  of  advaface  iu  wealth,  population,  enterprise,  and 
power,  have  imposed  on  their  people  an  enormous  responsibility.  They  will  be  tried, 
as  we  shall,  at  the  bar  of  history  ;  but  on  a  greater  scale.  They  will  be  compared 
with  the  men  not  only  C)f  ottier  countries,  but  of  other  times.  They  cannot  escape 
from  the  liabilities  and  burdens  which  their  greatness  imposes. 

No  one  desires  more  fervently  than  I  do,  that  they  may  be  enabled  to  realize  the 
highest  hopes  and  anticipations  that  belong  to  theix  great  i.>osition  in  the  family 
of  man. 

I  Jhave  the  honor  to  be,  gentlemen, 

Your  obliged  and  faithful  servant, 

W.  E.  Gladstone. 

C.  Httdson,  M.  H.  Merriam,  W.  H.  Mvnroe,  Esquires. 

The  Boj'lston  Club  then  sang  a  song,  written  by  ." '•r,  Henry  G.  Clark,  a  grandson 
of  the  Kev.  Jonas  Clark  of  Lexington. 

Other  toasts  were  proposed  and  responded  to,  as  follows :  "  Our  Orator  of  the 
Day, — The  Jurist,  Constitutional  and  International ;  who  has  sought  not  the 
rills,  but  the  fountains,  of  Liberty  and  Law,  and  brought  us  their  purest  flow," — 
by  Mr.  Daaa  ;  "T/ie  Bench  and  Bar,''' — by  Chief-Justice  Gray;  '■'The  General 
Court  of  Mnssarhusetts/'' — by  the  lion.  George  B.  Loring. 

A  song  by  the  Rev.  William  C.  (iannett  was  next  sung  by  the  club. 

The  eighth  toast,  —  "TAe  North  and  the  South,''  —  was  responded  to  by  Gen. 
William  Francis  Barllett;  "7'Ap  Health  and  Prosperity  of  the  Ancient  and  Honorable 
Artillery  Ccnnpany,"  by  music  from  the  band;  "7'Ae  Collcyes  and  Universtti>'s  of 
America,"  —  speech  of  Gen.  J.  L.  Chamberlain,  President  of  Bowdoin  College; 
"TAe  Dead  of  Lrxinrjton, —Tha  die  was  east.  The  blood  of  these  martjTs  was 
the  cement  of  the  union  of  these  States  ;  and  the  peace,  liberty  and  independence 
of  the  United  States  of  America,  was  their  glorious  reward,"  —  oy  the  Hon.  N,  P. 
Banks. 

The  club  then  sang  a  song  written  for  the  day  by  the  Kev.  W.  R.  Huntington, 
D.D. 

"The  Merchants  of  the  Revolution,'"  was  responded  to  by  the  Hon.  Elliot  C.  Cow- 
din,  of  New  York;  "TAe  Women  of  the  Revolution" — by  the  Rev.  Edward  Everett 
Hale. 


1875.]         Proceedings  in  Concord,  April  19,  1875.  459 

In  Concord,  Monday,  April  19,  1875. 

The  or.e  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  "  Concord  Fight  "  was  commemorated  in 
tlmt  town  this  day. 

The  jjrelm'.innry  steps  ■wmoii  lea  to  this  celebration  are  tho?c  : — Ehenezer  Ilubhnrd, 
a  native  ut'  New-Hampshire,  but  for  many  years  a  citizen  ot  Concird,  dyinii  in  IsTl, 
Kequeathod  to  tht-  town  u'i  Concord  t!i<j  ^uni  of  one  thousand  dollars,  for  the  juirijvse 
and  under  the  conditions  thus  eet  forth  in  Lid  will : 

"  I  order  my  Executor  to  pny  the  6um  of  one  thousand  dollars  towards  buildin:;  a 
Monument  in  eaid  town  of  Concord  on  the  spot  where  the  Americans  fell,  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  river  from  the  present  Muuunient,  in  ific  battle  of  the  Nineteenth 
of  April,  1775,  providing  my  said  Lsecutor  shall  ascertain  that  said  Monuinent  lirnt 
named  has  been  built,  or  sufficient  funds  have  been  obtained  therefor  within  five 
years  after  roy  deceat^c  ;  but  in  ca'^e  uiy  Executor  shall  have  ascertained  that  said 
first  named  ^ionuracnt  is  not  built,  nor  sulficient  funds  obtained  for  that  purpo-:e 
within  five  years  after  my  decease,  then  1  order  my  Executor  to  pay  over  to  Han- 
cock, N.  II.,  said  sura  of  one  thousand  dollars." 

A  further  bequest  of  six  hundred  dollars  was  also  made  by  Mr.  Hubbard,  toward 
the  expense  of  building  a  bridge  over  the  river  at  that  point,  on  the  site  of  the  his- 
toric Old  North  Bridge,  which  had  been  removed  in  17'J3. 

At  the  annual  town  meeting  in  ]\Iarch,  187:2,  a  committee  was  chosen  to  report  to 
the  town  what  action  should  be  taken  in  relation  to  this  be^iuest.  The  Hon.  Sted- 
man  Buttrick,  a  grandson  of  that  Major  J()hn  Buttrick  who  led  the  advance  of  the 
Aiiiern.i.i.ii  iuiiiLiii  Oil  tue  kjiii  iji  xipxii,  1/75,  u'.iii v t; j ed  10  Uiu  LoVvii  auout  one-lourth 
of  an  acre  of  land  on  the  west  bank  of  the  river  as  a  site  for  the  new  monument ;  and 
in  March,  1S73,  the  committee  reported  to  the  town  in  these  terms  : 

"  Your  Committee,  fully  believing  that  the  importance  of  the  events  of  the  Nine- 
teenth of  April,  1775,  deserves  all  the  recognition  that  a  grateful  and  prosperous 
people  can  liestow,  and  that  the  '  Birthplace  of  American  Liberty  '  cannot  be  too 
conspicuously  marked  hy  enduring  monuments  to  perpetuate  those  memorable 
scones,  would  recommend  to  the  town  of  Concord  to  gratefully  accept  the  iiatriotic 
bequest  of  the  late  Mr.  Hubbard,  and  the  equally  patriotic  gift  of  Mr.  Buttrick. 

"  To  procure  a  statue  of  a  Continental  Minute  Man  cut  in  granite,  and  erect  it 
on  a  proper  foundation  on  the  American  side  of  the  river,  with  the  lines  of  Emerson, 
that  are  '  household  words,'  and  need  not  here  be  quoted, 

*  By  the  rude  bridge,' 

enduringly  grr.vcn  f:)r  an  inscription  on  the  base.    That  a  suitable  foot-bridge  be 
constructed  to  give  access  to  the  spot 

'  Where  once  the  embattled  farmers  stood 
And  fii'ed  the  shot  heard  round  the  world  ;' 

and  thus  enable  future  visitors  to  realise,  as  far  as  may  be,  both  actors  and  scene  ; 

*  That  memory  may  their  deed  redeem. 
When,  like  our  sires,  our  sons  are  gone.' 

"  To  properly  carry  out  this  plan,  the  town  or  its  citizens  may  be  called  upon  to 
provide  additional  means,  but  your  Committee  believe  that  the  public  spirit  of  Con- 
cord will  not  for  the  first  time  fail  when  its  exercise  is  required  in  this  cause. 

"  That  for  the  proper  execution  of  this  work  sufBcient  time  should  bo  allowed,  • 
and  it  is  prop.ised  that  it  be  completed  and  dedicated  on  the  hundredth  anniversary 
of  tlie  day.  with  such  other  exercises  as  may  be  hereafter  determined. 

'•  This  would,  in  the  judgment  of  the  Committee,  give  a  chn.r.ictcr  and  interest  to 
the  Centennial  Celebration  worthy  of  the  occasion  ;  for  it  should  be  rememberetl 
that  we  shall  be  called  upon  to  inaugurate  the  very  first  of  the  Kevolutionary  Cen- 
tennials that  will  lie  soon  crowding  on  the  country,  and  for  which  the  noto  of  pre- 
paration is  already  sounded. 

"  To  do  tills  v.-.;rthily  let  us  avail  ourselves  of  these  bequests  in  the  patriotic  spirit 
that  inspired  tr:e  drivers,  and  fully  unilerstand  that  if  we.  as  a  community,  desire 
ever  to  do  anjtriuig  to  make  our  battle-ground  more  memorable  this  is  the  fittest 
occasion." 


460  JProcccdings  in  Concordj  April  19,  1875.  [Oct. 

The  acceptance  of  this  report  decided  the  character  of  the  Concord  centennial 
celebration,  ar\d  fi>r  the  next  two  yt'ars  the  intore^-t  in  the  inatt-T  was  not  p.IIo'.vliJ  co 
flap:.  Mr.  Daniel  C.  rrencii,  a  young  eentlcnian  of  Concord,  whose  talent.^  art  n 
eculptor  had  already  begun  to  attract  attention,  entered  with  enthusiasm  into  the 
plane  of  the  coiniaittre."  The  oc"":'.t.  oU'rod  h;:i-i  his  lir^t  and  nioit  (ittin:^  o;ji)or- 
tuioiy  i'-jv  u  great  and  aiubitiou.=  work,  and  he  at  once  .set  about  t!ic  designing  of  a 
model  for  the  proiiosed  btatuc,  to  which  fur  nearly  a  year  he  devoted  all  his  talents. 
Ho\v"  wlU  hif  work  w.h  doiio  nec'Ir.  not  to  be  said  here.  Tlie  statue,  ca.st  in  brunze, 
from  gun?  presented  for  the  purpotse  by  the  United  State"',  is  and  will  forever  reuiain 
the  best  witness  to  the  genius  ot  the  j'oung  artist.  The  figure  i.i  of  heroic  size,  and 
represontvS  a  young  man  suildonly  called  from  labor  in  the  field,  by  the  alarm  of  war, 
pausing  tor  a  moment  by  his  abanduued  plough,  as  if  listrning,  with  gun  in  h-ind. 
The  costume  i.s  modelled  faithluUy  upon  the  urdinary  dress  of  oiintry  fulk,  a  century 
ago.  The  features  are  strongly  marked  with  all  the  characteristics  of  the  New- 
England  blood,  the  frame  sturdy  and  well-knit,  the  attitude  natural  and  vigorous, 
the  whi/ie  fjrm  '"  thoroughly  alive  from  head  to  foot." 

At  the  town  meeting  in  Novemlier,  1B74,  a  committee  of  thirty  were  chosen  to 
make  arrangements  for  the  approaching  eelebratii^,  for  the  expenses  of  wiiieh  an 
appropriation  of  live  thousand  dollars  bad  been  previously  made.  This  ap])ri>]>ria- 
tion  was  subsequently  doubled.  Vigorous  work  was  at  once  begun.  To  give  the 
■  anniversary  the  national  character  which  belonged  to  it,  tlie  president  of  the  L'aited 
States,  and  the  governors  of  the  original  thirteen  states  and  of  the  Fcveral  New- 
England  states  were  invited  to  be  ])rcsent.  Gen.  Francis  C.  Barlow,  of  New-York, 
^hose  earlier  years  were  passed  in  Concord,  was  invited  to  act  as  chief  marshal, 
and  George  AVm.  Curtis,  also  at  one  time  re^idin?-  here,  was  asked  to  deliver  the 
oratiiju.  Thc.;^  iaviuiLious  were  accepted,  and  a  poem  by  James  Rusiell  Lowell, 
and  an  address  by  Ilal])h  Waldo  Emerson  were  promised.  All  the  surrounding 
towns,  particularly  tho-e  whose  citizens  had  taken  part  in  the  events  about  to  be 
con>meiuorated,  were  invited  to  participate.  Learned  bodies,  historical  and  anti- 
quarian societies,  military  companies,  and  patriotic  organizations  from  all  parts 
eigiulied  their  intention  to  be  present.  Early  in  the  proceedings,  a  conference  was 
entered  into  with  the  Lexington  committee  with  a  view  to  securing  a  union  cele- 
bration by  the  two  town--^,  but  the  dilHculties  in  the  way  of  such  action  appearing  to 
be  so  great  as  to  imperil  the  success  of  the  whole  undertaking,  the  project  was 
dropped,  after  a  full  discussion. 

The  exercises  of  the  centennial  began  on  Sunday  the  l8ch,on  which  day  a  crowded 
audience,  including  the  president  of  the  Lnited  States,  with  the  members  of  hia 
cabinet  and  several  invited  guests,  and  military  companies  from  Vermont  and 
Maine,  gathered  in  the  First  Chnrch,  to  listen  to  a  sermon  by  its  pastor,  the  Rev. 
Grindall  Reynolds,  from  the  text,  Isaiah  xxxiii.  :  20, — "  Look  upon  Zion,  the  city 
of  our  solemnities ;  thine  eyes  shall  see  Jerusalem  a  quiet  habitation,  a  tab-.Tiiacie 
that  shall  not  be  taken  down."  The  First  Church  of  Concord  was  the  place  where 
the  sessions  of  the  Provincial  Congress  were  held  in  17  5,  and  though  several  times 
altered  and  repaired,  is  still  substantially  the  same  buiidin". 

Monday,  the  19th,  opened  cold  and  lowering,  but  people  were  early  astir,  and 
long  betore  the  hour  appointed  for  the  march  of  the  procession,  the  streets  were 
crowded.  At  sunrise  a  salute  of  100  guns  was  fired  by  a  section  of  Battery  A 
(M.  V.  M.),  under  commrnd  of  Captain  E.  C.  Langley. 

The  procession  was  fori-oed  at  an  early  hour.  The  line  of  march  was  along  Main 
street,  between  dense  lines  of  people,  to  the  square,  in  which  latter  place  there  was 
a  great  mass  of  humanity.  Through  the  s<]uare  the  column  moved,  and  up  Monu- 
ment street  to  the  site  of  the  Old  North  Bridge,  passing  the  old  monument  and  the 
statue  of  the  ^linute  Man,  on  the  way  to  Keyes's  field,  where  the  tents  were  pitched. 
The  order  of  procession  was  as  follows  : 

First  Divisiox. — Platoon  of  Boston  Police,  Sergeant  John  IT.  Laskey,  command- 
ing. Medford  Band,  F.  A.  Ilerscy,  leader— 25  pieces.  Fifth  Regiment  of  Infantry, 
as  escort.  Colonel — Ezra  J.  Trull,  Boston.  Lieutenant  (Jolonel — Charles  F.  King, 
Son'.erville.  Major — B.  Frank  Stoddard,  Boston.  Adjutant,  rank,  1st  Lieut. — 
Henry  G.  Jordan,  Boston.  Quartermaster,  rank,  1st  Lieut. — Horace  S.  Perkins, 
Salem.  Surgeon,  rank  Major — Edward  J.  Forster,  Boston.  Chaplain,  rank,  Major 
— TVllliam  T.  Stowe,  Boston.  Paymaster — Georire  D.  Putnam,  Salem.  Co.  A — 
Bostm.  Captain,  John  E.  Phipps  ;  First  Lieutenant,  John  L.  Curtis,  Boston; 
Second  Lieutenant.  Gc  'rge  \V.  Wliitir.g,  Biiston.  (U  men.  Co.  B — Soaierville. 
Captain,  Rudolph  Kramer  ;  1st  Lieut.,  William  S.  Howe;  •2d  Lieut.,  Charles  K. 


1875.]  Proceedings  in  Concord,  April  10,  1875.  4G1 

Bnickctt,  61  men.  Co.  D— Boston.  Captain,  Fro.1.  D.  P.ocran  ;  l.st  Lieut.,  Michael 
J.  Sinn;lf't(m.  40  nion.  Co.  R — Medfurd.  Captain.  Warri-n  \\ .  Mannin,;^ :  Kt 
Lieut., "Jonlumiis  11.  Whitney  ;  ^J  Lieut.,  Clmrli^s  M.  (.ircon.  01  iiion.  Co.  F— W;il- 
tham.  Caotain,  Loonanl  C.  I^aue  ;  l.st  J-ieut..  Liroy  (JiMwn  ;  !2'i  l>ifiit. ,  G.  Frank 
Frv.-'.  .'!";v..n.  Co  ).' — I' .■:  t..  Captiuf,  .To^oph  .M.  Foster  ;  1st  Lieut.,  Frank 
I>.  Woodhurv.  61  men.  Co.  I — Hudson.  Captain,  Jo'.ni  F.  Dolnn  ;  i'^t  Lieut., 
Edward  L.  Powers;  ed  Lieut.,  William  OT)Miiiir!L  58  men.  Co.  K— Canibrid:.'e. 
Captain,  Ceorire  A.  Keeler  ;  1st  Lieut.,  William  L.  B.  Rol.ius.tn;  Cd  Lieut. .Il.ary 
N.  Wheeler.  61  men.  The  Fifth  marched  in  eohimn  nf  sixteen  platoons,  Co.  G  heln;^ 
absent  at  Lcsinirton,  and  Co.  C  csoortini);  the  President  in  anothi-r  division.  Chiuf 
^larshal,  Gen.  Francis  C.  IJarlow.  Aid^— Col.  IJenry  L.  Ili_M;inson  and  Rdw.ird 
W.  Euierson.  Carriaij;e  con  tain  incj  Mr.  George  Kej-es,  chairunin  oC  c.>nimittoe  of 
an-an^ements';  the  Kev.  Grindall  Keynolds,  chaplain  of  the  day  ;  JudiiO  llciiry  F. 
French,  t'.ie  father  of  D.  C.  French,  the  originator  and  artist  of  the  mon  iincnt,  and 
Horace  Heard,  representing  Ehenezer  Hub'iard,  who  gave  the  money  i'lv  t!ie  monu- 
ment. Carriaire  containing  .Judge  E.  K.  Hoar,  President  uf  the  Day,  George  W. 
Curtis  of  New- Vork,  Orator  of  tiio  Day,  and  Kalph  Waldo  Emerson,  chosen  to  de- 
liver the  addret-s  of  dedication.  Monument  Committee  and  Committee  of  Arrange- 
ments, on  loot.  Mediord  Band,  Arthur  Hnll,  leader.  Boston  Independent  Cadets, 
wearing  blue  overcoats  over  their  wiiite  uniform,  escorting  the  Governor  and  staiT 
and  Legislature.  Lieut.  Colonel,  Thomas  F.  Edmandf.  Major,  Ciiarles  P.  Horton. 
Captain  and  Paymaster,  Chas.  E.  Stevens.  Surgeon,  rank,  .Major,  B.  Joy  Jeffries. 
Captain  and  Acting  Adjutant,  John  D.  Parker,  Jr.  Quartermaster,  Charles  C. 
Melcher,  Boston.  Captain,  William  F.  Lawrence,  Boston.  Captain,  William  E. 
PpvVin?.  Boston,  Cnptiiiv  (^:<^ -.ro-o  R.  R.^o-^.v^,  Pro  ikline.  Kir-:t  TJfutenant,  C!iaa. 
J.  Williams,  Boston.  "  First  Lieutenant,  William  L.  Parker,  Brooklinc.  The  Cadets 
numbered  110  men,  and  were  accompanied  by  C')ls.  C.  C.  llulmes  an<l  John  JeUiies, 
past  commanders  of  the  corps,  and  Gen.  Cunningliam.  Carriage  containing  tlie 
Hon.  William  Giston,  Governor  of  Massachusetts  ;  Col.  Leverett  S.  Tuckerman, 
aid;  Col.  Edward  Vryman,  aid;  Lieut.  Colonel  Georize  H.  Campbell,  milit-ry 
secretary  to  the  governor.  Carriage  containing  Judire  Advocate  General  Patrick  A. 
Collins,"  Colonel  A.  A.  Daggett,  governor's  aid;  Cul.  E.  Gray,  governor's  _  aid, 
and  Col.  CKi^.  W.  Wilder,  assistaiit  quartermaster  general.  Carriage  cuutaining 
Col.  Geo.  0.  Bmstow  of  the  executive  council,  and  the  Hon.  Mr.  Eadicott.  Car- 
riage containing  Lieut.  Governor  Knight  ;  Col.  V.'hitney  of  the  executive  council  ; 
Col.  Joshua  B.  Treadwell,  assistant  surgeon  general,  and  Col.  Lsaac  F.  Kingsiiury, 
i'.ssistant  adjutant  general.  Carriage  contaiiiing  Attorney  General  Clias.  K.  Train 
and  Surgeon  General  Dale.  Carriage  containing  Messrs  Couch,  Bvewster,  Leland 
and  Turner,  of  the  council.  Chief  Justice  Gray  and  Associate  Justices  Wells  and 
Morton,  of  the  supreme  judicial  court,  and  Sheriff  Moore,  in  a  carriage.  Carriage 
containing  Messrs.  Dunn  and  Baker  of  the  executive  council,  and  ex-Counciliurs 
Milo  Hildrcth  and  F.  H.  Sti'.'kney.  Vehicle  contp.ining  Judge  Devens  and  Guvern.or 
Chamberlain  of  South  Carolina.  Col.  C,  W.  Davis,  aid  to  chief  mareiial.  Ameri- 
can Band  of  Boston,  Chas.  Thompson,  leader.  Newburyport  Veteran  Artillery  As- 
sociation, 100  men.  in  citizens'  dress,  with  chaj>eau  and  black  rosette,  escorting  the 
legislature;  Col.  Eben  F.  Stone,  commander  ;  Liouts.  Warren  Currier,  George  H. 
Stevens,  R.  ^L  Perley,  and  S.  Levy;  W.  P.  Saunders,  chief  of  staff;  J.  P.  Evans, 
adi'itant;  Georire  Creasy,  quartermaster  sergeant;  A.  W.  Thompson,  orderly 
sergeant,  and  Juseph  H.  Currier  and  Charles' Noyes,  standard  bearers.  Accom- 
panying the  Veterans  were  citizens  of  Newburyport,  including  Mayor  Atkinson, 
ex-Maj\jrs  Kelly,  Boardman  and  Graves,  Mr.  W."H.  Huse.  collector  of  the  port,  and 
other  gentlemen.  Two  carriages  containing  Senators  Harwood  and  Edson.  and 
Represent^itivts  Blunt,  Tompkins,  Brewer,  Fitzgerald  and  Burr,  of  the  legirlative 
committtee  of  aiTangements.  Members  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Kepresentatives 
of  Massachusetts,  to  the  number  of  about  two  hundred,  marching  in  column  of  four, 
the  Hon.  John  E.  Sanford,  speaker  of  the  house,  walking  with  the  members  of  the 
house. 

Secont)  Division.— Col.  Theodore  Lyman,  aid  to  chief  marshal.  U.  S,  Marine 
Band,  45  pieces,  in  command  of  Lieut.  Gielin,  of  the  marine  corps.  Concord  Artil- 
lery, 60  men,  Co.  C,  5th  Re^'iment,  Cant.  George  P.  How,  1st  Lieut.  Alfred  B.  C. 
Dakin,  2d  Lieut.  Richard  F.  Barrett,  'the  artilleiy  bore  the  !iair  of  the  old  -10th,  and 
acted  as  escort  to  the  pr.-f^ident.  Four  horse  barouche,  containing  President  Grant, 
Vice-President  Wilson.  Sfcvetarv  Fish,  and  Gen.  Bahcock,  the  pie-ident's  military 
secretary.  Flanking  the  barouche  was  a  guard  oi  twelve  of  the  Concord  Artillery. 
TOL.    IXIX.  40 


462  Procecdii>(js  in  Concord,  April  10,  1875.  [Oct. 

Carriairp  '^itli  St'i-ietary  of  AVnr  Bdknnp,  SecTe*ary  of  tlic  Interior  Delano,  Post- 
niastei"  General  Jewell,  anil  cx-iSccretavy  KichunlM)n.  Carriai^o  pontiininir  iSpeaker 
Blaine  (if  the  Lnitcl  Stites  llou-e  at  K  .•piLSciitati\e.-^,  Seiiatur  Geuri^e  6.  liuutwell, 
Mr.  (jieiMge  \V.  Cliiids  (jf  I*hila(lel[)hia,  and  sonaiur  Wadleii^li  of  }se\v-Ilanii»slHre. 
Carriaije  (•(intainini:  the  ILm.  J.  li.  Burleiirh,  .>!.  C.  fn.im  Elaine;  the  Iljn.  (.  liarled 
O'Neill,  >f  C  f.-':  rcia..<^lvunia;  the  Hon.  S.  \\\  Keliu--,  tx-M.  C.  from  Con- 
nrcticut,  and  tlie  Hon.  M.  Vi.  Phiiiney  of  Xew-York.  Coi.  il.  S.  Rucseil,  aid  to 
cliicf  L.iarshal.  (.'nrria^c  CDntaininir  Senator  l)a\ve^  an^l  the  Hons.  Ciiestor  W. 
Chopin,  M.  C.,oiul  Kuiiis  Fiu<t,  ]M.  C.  (Jarriaue  eontainin^  the  IJons.  J.  K.  Tar- 
hox,  Gi-(ir^'e  F.  It^ar.  B.  \\ .  liice,  and  B.  W.  Harris,  members  of  conLTixss.  L.  S. 
Marshal  Koland  G.  Usher,  in  a  earria'j-e,  with  Judi^e  Shepley,  Judge  Clark  and 
Judge  L)\vell  of  the  U.S.  supreme  court.  Carriage  Cuntaining  lJi.-;trict  Atf-orney 
Sargent,  High  Sherifl' Juhn  xM.  Clark.  Carriage  in  which  were  Major  General  lien- 
ham  of  U.  S.  Army,  and  Commudore  Nichols  of  the  U.  S.  Navy.  Carriage  eou- 
tainiug  M,ij')r  Genei-al  Mile.s,  U.  S.  A.,  Commander  George  Brown,  U.  S.  N.,  and 
Lieut.  r'._M.  Wise.  U.  S.  N.,  Stall' of  Vice  Admiral  Iluwan,  and  Capt.  R.  \V.  Liver- 
more  of  U.  S.  Engineer  Corps. 

Third  Divisiox.— Chief  Marshal,  dl.  W.  D.  Storer.  Chandler's  Band  of  Port- 
land, "22  pieces.  Mechanic  Blues  of  Portland,  50  men;  Capt.  Charles  J.  Pennell, 
Lieut.-^.  ll.  H  Rice  and  J.  Ilsley.  Carriage  containing  Gov.  Nelson  Dingley,  Jr., 
of  Maine;  Gen.  ^furray.  Col.  Walker  and  Col.  Stevenson  of  the  governor  *.s  statT. 
Carriage  containing  Gen.  W'hitcomb,  Col.  Howard,  Col.  Hatch  and  Major  Merrill 
of  the  governor's  sti'.ff.  Dignam's  Band,  L'G  pieces,  NValter  Dignam,  leader.  Amos- 
keag  Veterans  of  Manchester,  N.  H.,  Major  George  C.  Gilmore,  100  men.  Car- 
riagi.\s  cont.rlning  Governor  Wcton  of  Manchester,  N.  II.,  F.  H.  Pierce  of  Concord, 
chief  of  staff;  Col.  N.  P.  "Whittemore  of  the  governor's  stall",  and  Frank  Highlands, 
special  escort  to  the  governor  from  the  Veterans  :  Cisl.  Wood,  Captain  Arthur  L. 
Meserve,  Col.  A.  F.  Leahy  and  .NIajor  C.  R.  Kent,  Major  G.  Look  and  General  G. 
C.  Butler  of  the  governor's  staif.  St.  Albans  Brigade  Band,  22  pieces.  Ransom 
Guards,  Capt.  J,  W .  Newton,  of  St.  Albans,  Vt.,  60  men.  as  escort.  Carria::es  con- 
taining Gi»vernor  Asahel  Peck  of  Vermont,  Judge  Luke  Poland,  Col.  H-  C.  Hastings 
and  W.  P.  D^lan,  secretary  to  the  governor,  W.  F.  Farrin,  state  auditor.  Gen.  L. 
J.  Kinsley,  quartermaster-general.  Gen.  J.  M.  Lucien.  judge  advocate  general,  Dr. 
George  P.  W  hitcemore,  surgeou-general.  Col.  Ira  M.  Hoyt  of  the  governor's  staiT, 
Col.  T.  S.  Peck  of  Burlington,  Gen.  John  L.  Barstow,  Geo.  Nichols,  secret  iry  of 
state,  General  Bigelow  of  St.  Alb;xns,  General  Henry  Tenant  of  the  sta.ff,  and  Col. 
William  Brinsmade,  es-Gov.  Smith,  J.  II.  Page,  treasurer,  Gen.  William  Wells  and 
W.  C.  Smith,  ex-members  of  congress.  First  Light  Infantry  Veterans'  Fife  and 
Drum  Corps  of  Providence,  R.  I.,  12  drums.  Providence  Light  Infantry  Veteran 
Association,  Major  Gen.  Ambrose  F.  Burnside  in  command.  I'ield,  Line  and  Staff 
OiEcers  of  First  Liglit  Infantry,  Col.  W.  W".  Brown,  commanding;  Lieut.  Col. 
Staples  and  .Adjutant  Remington,  aids.  Putnam  Phalcns  of  Hartford,  Connecticut, 
122  men,  Major  H.  Kennc^Jy,  Commanding.  Co.  A,  C^jt.  J.  L.  Hussey ;  Co.  B, 
Capt.  Thomas  DoTd  ;  Horace  Fnsvvorth,  adjutant;  L.  Welsh,  quartermaster;  O. 
H.  Blanchard,  quartermaster-sergeant;  William  Ishom,  sergeant-major:  H.  W. 
Sampson,  commissary  ;  Wilbur  H.  Townsend,  paymaster  ;  H.  B.  Chase,  assistant- 
paymaster  ;  F.  M.  Brown,  judge  advocate  ;  Dr.  A.  R.  Goodrich,  suraeon  :  Dr.  H. 
P.  Atherton.  a-sistant-surgeon  ;  S.  Hubbard,  engineer  ;  the  Rev.  A.  Howard,  chap- 
lain ;  S.  M.  Brown,  secretary  ;  T.  Colson,  color  bearer.  Lieut.  Gov.  Van  Zandt  of 
Rhode-Island  and  Gov.  IngersoU  of  Connecticut  were  to  have  had  places  in  this 
division,  but  by  an  unforeseen  accident  were  detained  until  after  the  procession  bad 
started. 

Fourth  Drvrstov.— Aids— Col.  C.  L.  Peirson,  Col.  G.  M.  Barnwell,  Lieut.  T.  M. 
Wheeler.  American  Brass  Band  of  Lowell,  22  pieces,  W.  A.  Owens,  leader.  Old 
Sixth  Regiment  As.«ociation,  eight  companies,  Lieut.  Col.  B.  F.  Watson  commanding, 
with  the  old  flags,  100  men.  Massachusetts  Society  of  the  Cincinnati,  Admiral  Henry 
Knox  Thatcher,  Pre^^ident,  25  merabeis.  Hon.  Stephen  Salisbury,  LL.D.,  President 
of  the  American  Antiquarian  Society,  and  Samuel  F.  Haven,  Col'E.  B.  Stoddard  and 
Nathaniel  Paine,  delegates.  Hon.  Marshall  P.  Wilder.  President  of  the  New-En 2:land 
Histciric,  Genealiigical  Society,  and  William  B.  Towne,  Col.  Albert  H.  Hoyt, 
Rev.  Samuel  Cutler,- Hon.  James  W.  Austin,  David  (J.  Ilaskins,  Jr.  and  Harry  H. 
Edes,  delegates.  Charles  L.  Flint,  Secretary  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture. 
Nathan  Warren,  a  S'ViJier  of  lol2.     Ue  wore  the  helmet  cap  worn  by  the  Weston 


1875.]  Proceed i I) </s  in  Crmcord,  April  10,  1875.  4G3 

Li^2;ht  Infantry  of  that  date,  with  tall  red  plume  tipped  with  white  and  a  silver 
epaulette  nn  the  left  j^houlder.  Presidrnt  of  Harvard  (.'nllf^f;,  C.  NV.  Kliot. 
College  Faculty— Nathaniel  iilshee.  llev.  iJr.  F.  II.  Hedu'e,Rev.  Dr.  A.  P.  Peabody, 
Professors  Smith  and  Cabot.  Ovorsoers — Rev.  E.  E.  Hale,  Rev.  James  Freeman 
rinrk<\  rio,.vg,,  o.  ^tr-rfn.^i-:,  Pr.  Hv<^i:\\,  Rev.  A.  Melven/.iu,  Henry  Lee,  Hun. 
Darwin  E.  Ware.  Standimr  Comniitteo  Bunker  Hill  Monument  Ah8ociatiun,  G. 
Washington  Warren  and  eight  other.--:.  t-'eli'Ctiuen  of  Waltham.  Stiectmon  of 
Winche^tfT — J.  H.  T^lcr,  T.  P.  .Vver,  S.  W.  Twuiubly,  \Urv.  Messrs  iJu^cjmb, 
Coles,  Metealf  and  Barnes.  Selectmen  of  Belmont,  G.  \V'.  Ware,  Jr.,  Cliairman. 
Maynard — A.  Balcoui,  A.  G.  Haines,  Henry  Fuwlcr,  E.  R.  Chat^e.  Town  Clerk;  L. 
Ma j'nard,  Treasurer;  Rev.  A.  H.  Evans,  Rev.  P.  B.  Shiere.  Sudbury — Tliwuias  P. 
Ilurlburt.  Bedford— E.  P.  Davis,  Rev.  Edward  Cha.-c,  Israel  P.  Bowcn,  I.  II. 
ISIarston.  Acton,  James  E.  Billings.  Hiram  Hapgood,  Frank  Whiteomb,  Selcctiuen, 
and  thirty  citizens.  Medford — J.  H.  Hooper,  T-'hairman  of  Selectmen.  Everett, 
Littleton,  Pepperell.  Selectmen  of  Waltham.  Society  of  the  ()M  Guard,  Gustavua 
B.  Hutchinson,  Prtsident.  in  harouclios.  City  Government  of  B^jsMn,  with  red  and 
"■old  badges ;  H  )n.  Samuel  C.  Cobb,  Aldermen  Clark,  Stcbbins  and  Harris  ;  ['resident 
Boardnian  of  the  Conjmon  Council  and  CounciLmen  Sibley,  Sampson,  Clark  and 
City  Messenger  A.  H.  Peters.  City  Government  of  Cambridge,  with  blue  badges; 
Aldermen  Bianchard,  Montague,  Greeley,  Howard  and  Davis;  Councilmeu  J.  A. 
Allen,  H.  P.  Ross.  Mayor  Furber  and  Board  of  Aldermen  of  Somerville.  Acton 
Brass  Band,  *2S  pieces,  A.  W.  Simpson,  leader.  Acton  Minute  Men,  Capt.  Aaron 
Hanley,  1st  Lieut.  Frank  Whitcrimb,  2d  Lieut.  Daniel  H.  Farrar,  3d  Lieut.  J.  W. 
Locke — S3  men.  L'niiorm — Continental  cocked  Lata,  white  plume,  blue  blouse, 
white  trimmin::!?.  Banner — Acton  minute  men,  1S75.  On  reverse  :  "  I  have  not  a 
man  m  ra}'  company  who  is  afraid  to  go.  Davis."  Grandson  of  Isaac  Davis,  Amos 
N.  Fitch  of  Cattaraugus  county,  New  York,  aired  71.  Mrs.  Simon  Davis  uf  Acton, 
sister  of  Mr.  Fit.-h,  aged  73.  Mayor  and  City  Government  of  Lynn,  in  six  barouciits, 
trimmed  with  tiags.  "Cochituate  Brass  Band.  24  pieces.  AVayland  Minute  Men, 
Capt.  D.  W.  Ricker,  1st  Lieut.  C.  B.  Buttertield,  2d  Lieut.  T.' A.  Dean— 80  men. 
Army  uniform. 

FiFin  DiviSTox.— Chief  Mai-shal,  Col.  Charles  E.  Fuller.  Aids,  Col.  W.  11. 
Forbes,  Capt.  James  Thompson,  Capt.  "William  E.  Wilson,  Lieut.  E.  S.  Barrett. 
American  Bi-ass  Band  oj  Providence,  D.  W.  Reeves,  leader,  28  pieces.  Marshal, 
E.  J.  Bartletc.  Aids.  W  illiam  Wheeler,  Arthur  Mills,  Nathan  B.  Smith,  James  J.. 
Whitney,  Willi.im  H.  Brown.  Banner  inscribed  with,  1775  —  Concord — 1S75. 
Citizens  of  Concord,  num^'ering  105.  Platoon  of  Salem  police  under  Sergeant  J.  A. 
Littletield.  Salem  Brass  Band,  21  pieces.  Salem  Cadets,  Lieut.  Col.,  A.  P.  D;-own  ; 
Major,  Samuel  Dalton;  Adjutant,  J.  Frank  Dalton  ;  Quartermaster,  E.  A.  Simonds  ; 
Paymaster,  T.  II.  Johnson.  First  Company,  Capt.  Edward  Ilobbs,  25  men  ;  second 
Company,  Capt.  C.  H.  Marcey,  26  men.  Mayor  Henry  L.  Williams  of  Salem. 
Board  of  Ahlermen  and  Common  Council,  City  Treasurer  H.  J.  Cross,  City  Clerk 
Henry  M.  Meek.  Flag  13S  years  old  —  Banner  on  which  was  in.'^cribel,  Capr. 
Jonathan  Wilson,  killed  April  lych,  1775  —  "  He  died  for  us  and  Liberty."  Chief 
Marshal,  Cyru5  Page.  Citizens  of  Bedford,  numbering  103  men.  Dunstable  Cornet 
Band,  muunted,  IS  pieces.  Company  F,  unattached  cavalry  of  Chelm-tord  — 
Captain,  Christ  jpher  Roby,  Chelmsford;  Adjutant,  rank  1st  lieutenant.  Elijah  D. 
Bearse,  Chelmsford;  Asst.  Surgeon,  rank  1st  lieutenant,  Levi  Howard,  ChtIm.Niord; 
First  Lieutenant,  Nathan  B.  Lapham,  Chelmsford;  Second  Lieutenant.  Sherman  H. 
Fletcher,  Westtbrd— 90  men.  ^ilarshal,  N.  A.  Taylor.  Citizens  of  CarlisIeN  45  men. 
Marshal,  E.  B.  Cobleigh.  Banner,  on  which  was  inscril)ed,  Luther  Bianchard, 
•wounded  bv  the  fir~t  shot  fired  by  the  British.  Citizens  of  Bosford.  55  men.  Mar- 
shal, L.  P.'True.  Citizens  of  Everett,  20  men.  Marshal,  Geo.  W.  Tuttle.  Banner 
inscribed.  Incorporated  Dec.  3,  1715.  Citizens  of  Littleton,  60  men.  Marshal,  J. 
P.  Hildreth.  Banner,  '*  The  Fathers  cume  in  1775,  the  Sons  are  here  to-day,^  April 
19,1875."  Citizens  of  Stow,  50  men.  Drum  Corps.  Manchester,  N.  H.,  Cadets, 
Capt.  F.  H.  Challis,  Lieuta.  J.  W.  Hill,  F.  J.  Kennard,  46  men.  Cavah-ade  of 
citizens  of  Sudbury,  under  command  of  Capt.  George  Buttertield.  40  men.  Caravan 
drawn  by  6  hor-es,  containing  28  citizens  of  Sudbury.  Marshal,  Luther  Prescutt, 
Assi.'!tant  Marshals,  Georire  T.  Da^-  and  J.  M.  Chamberlain.  Citizens  of  \^  estford, 
95  men.  Marlboro'  Bra.vi'  Band,  25  piect^a.  Post  86,  G.  A.  R.,  of  Maynard,  Com- 
mander E.  E.  Haynes,  35  men.  Citizens  of  Maynard,  60  men.  Marshal,  S.  A. 
Ranlett.  Citizens  of  Melrrjse,  40  men.  Chief  Marsiml,  George  J.  Curtis.^  Firet 
Regiment  Band,  E.  N.  Lafrioain,  leader,  30  pieces.     CiatiiQ  Drum  Corps  of  Newton, 


464  Proceefli7igs  in  Concord,  April  19,  1675.  [Oct. 

Jas.  Binulftim,  Unim  Major.  Claflin  Guard  of  Nowton,  Capt.  A.  C.  Walworth, 
Lieiiti^.  <->.  N.  1>,  C'jusius,  W.  E.  (.ilovor,  69  men.  Carriagi?  cuntainiin-  M::yor 
Hv<!b',  AlLlerintn  IVUee  aii'l  Pnitt,  and  Ucv.  1).  L.  Furbcr.  Carria;re  Cuntaitiiiii^ 
Altiormen  Kiee,  fMuuindt;,  Piatt  and  Keith.  Carria^re  Cuntuintn^  President  Allen, 
Coiinoiliiieu  CJiliuan,  Jack^un  and  Farnsworth .  Carriage  C'jiit;'.ining  Councilmon 
lioiivnc  Cnrpevt'.v,  Vi'cuu  uud  Townc.  Carrin^e  c-jiitainin;:  Onincilmen  Crane, 
C)ti;ii,  PctttC  and  Ward.  Carriage  CuutaininL'  (.'ity  Trea.-;iirer  CoUius.  City  Solioiror 
W.  is.  Gardiner,  Ciurf  Engineer  'Whipjile  rind  Ci'y  f'n;iirfr  Schoil'.  Ei:rlit  carria:;os 
contaiidng  citiiiens  of  Newton.  Kiuiliach'.s  Band,  20  pieces.  Post  29,  G.  A.  H.,  of 
Waltham.  G.  M.  Hudson,  Commander.  75  men.  Marelial,  E.  SteaiTis.  CitizciiH 
of  Waltham,  headed  liy  the  Hon.  F.  M.  Stone,  300  men.  Caravan  containin;;  ladies 
and  gentlemen  of  Waltliam  d^•e^^ed  in  y"-'  cus'tMme  of  j"-'  olden  lime.  Drum  Cor]>s. 
Westi>n  minute-men,  Captain  F.  W.  Bigelnw,  Lieuts.  S.  Patch,  Jr.,  and  I'avil 
Jlorrill,  50  men.  Xatiolc  Brass  Band.  Citizens  of  Natick,  72  men.  Saxonville 
Brass  Band.  Pu-;t  112,  G.  A.P*..,  60  men,  of  South  framinLjLam.  Citizeud  of 
Framingham,  MO  men. 

The  entire  line  of  march  over  which  the '  procession  passed  was  trimmed  by  the 
town,  and  many  of  the  houses  Ixjre  flags  trimmed  and  aroopcd,  streamers  festooned 
aud  tlj'.iting,  emblematic  shields  and  heroic  mottoes.  Besides  the  streets  on  the 
line  of  the  procession  were  several  hou-es  on  other  avenues  that  presented  attractive 
displays,  and  the  same  style  of  suspended  pennants  and  siirnals  was  observable 
along  their  ler.gth.  On  Main  street,  just  beside  the  old  South  bridge,  which  was 
held  for  a  time  by  a  body  of  British,  is  the  house  of  Cyrus  llosmer.  formerly  the 
residence  of  Adjutant  Joseph  Hosmer.  Several  handsome  ensigns  and  smaller  Gags 
adorned  the  front  nf  t^-->  bov. ;c.  Ciu_-.?iug  ibe  river  near  the  bridge  and  coming 
lov\ard  the  centre  of  the  town,  the  first  decorated  house  on  Main  street  was  that  of 
Mr.  Kent,  on  which  a  large  flag  was  draped.  Over  that  were  stream.ers,  and  =everal 
tlags  were  hung  from  the  window  sills.  Nest  to  Mr.  Kent's,  the  house  of  Jabish 
Holmes  had  a  large  number  of  American  flags  on  the  front.  .Mr.  William  T^eBrun, 
who  occupies  the  next  residence,  draped  some  American  and  .Spanish  flags  over  his 
front  door  and  round  the  top  of  the  porch.  Over  the  windows  there  were  smaller 
flags  in  the  national  colors.  On  tl)e  opposite  tide  of  the  street,  the  house  of  Mr. 
Geer,  of  the  United  states  and  Canada  Express  Company,  was  decorated  with  t'.vo 
Americ;'n  ensigns  placed  above  the  door.  The  adjoining  residence,  that  of  Mr. 
Albert  Tolman,  had  a  great  number  of  small  flags  placed  on  the  inside  of  every 
window.  Mr.  A.  P.  Chamberlain  showed  an  elaborate  display  of  bunting.  In 
front  were  rows  of  streamers,  and  there  were  flags  over  the  door  and  around  the 
■Rindows.  At  Mr.  Muuroe's  the  ^'M^a  were  caugiit  up  over  the  door,  and  a  cumber 
of  streamers  depended  from  an  American  eagle  which  surmounted  the  whole,  and 
also  draped  the  windows.  The  next  house,  the  place  of  Mr.  KejTsolds,  was  lest  >oned 
in  front  and  over  the  side  windows.  Ojip-Mite.  a  curtained  porch,  in  national  colors, 
formed  the  display  at  the  residence  of  Mr.  Frank  B.  Sanborn.  Next  to  Mr.  San- 
born's there  were  placed  flags  and  j'acht  signals  over  the  windows  of  the  home  of 
Mrs.  S.  I).  Kicharason.  Mr.  Fay  Barrett's  place  had  American  flags  and  naval 
signals  over  the  windows  and  door.  The  ailjoinin'g  residences  of  Mrs.  J.  M.  Cheney 
and  Mr.  Samuel  Hoar  were  covered  in  front  with  a  large  number  of  small  streamers, 
festooned  from  che  top  of  the  house  to  the  sides  over  the  porches.  There  were  also 
some  small  flacs  over  the  door  of  .Mrs.  Cheney's  house,  and  the  pillars  at  Mr.  Hoar's 
were  wreathed  with  colore<l  bunting.  Pennants  were  hung  frjm  the  windows  on 
the  front  and  side,  and  between  this  house  and  that  of  Judge  E.  R.  Hoar  next 
adjoining,  an  old  flag  swung  to  the  breeze,  on  the  end  of  which  were  seen  the 
figures  '*  1775 — 1S75."  From  the  two  upper  windows  sprang  three  bright  American 
flags  arranged  in  pyramidal  form,  the  striped  Iblds  being  ciught  in  at  the  bottom. 
Over  each  wiudo'.y  on  the  ground  floor  was  a  coat  of  arms  in  an  illuminated  shield, 
tliat  on  the  left  containing  the  arms  of  the  United  States,  that  on  the  right  those  of 
Massachusetts.  Flajs  were  draped  on  each  sitle  of  tb.ese  shields.  The  top  of  the 
bow  window,  behind  the  glass  of  which  were  seen  numberless  plants  in  full  bloom, 
was  covered  with  entwined  bands  of  red  and  white  bunting,  as  from  the  top  of  the 
bow  window  a  number  of  streamers  le<,l  to  the  apex  of  t'ne  roof.  On  one  side  of  the 
porch  a  white  silk  flag  with  a  painted  pine  tree  on  it  hung  from  its  walnut  staff. 
The  pillars  of  the  porch  had  new  American  flags  drawn  in  to  each  side,  forming 
curtains.  The  whole  etft-cr  was  very  fine.  On  the  other  si.le  of  the  street  the 
residence  of  Mr.  AV.  W.  Wheildon  was  hun^'  with  flags  and  streamers  over  the 
door,  and  several  Chinese  laaterns  adorned  the  porch.    Just  above  were  two  por- 


1875.]  Proceedings  in  Concord,  April  10,  1875.  465 

traib,  one  of  Daniel  Wenster,  the  other  of  John  Adams,  bnth  franied  in  j;ilt. 
Nest  bflow  on  the  same  side  was  the  trimmed  home  of  Mr.  William  Munroe.  the  • 
louadfi- of  tlio  library.  Ylx-^  aud  .-trLr.iu  rs  adunud  his  window-.  Ujn)u-ite  to 
Mr.  MunriXi's  house  is  the  resideucu  of  .Mrs.  li.  P.  Damon,  aud  it  woh  decorated 
with  streamers  under  the  wind<Avy  and  shields  over  t!ie  doors.  Nuxt.  on  tlij  ?ame 
•ide,  is  tiie  house  ui  lui.-o  i.ii^aijcth  liuar,  which  was  trimmed  with  Hags  and 
streamers,  iirouped  tu  a  s^hield.  Tlie  house  of  John  Brown  had  lla^'s  over  the  door 
and  t'vo  lines  of  siinial  tlaus  that  entered  Irom  the  hnus.-  to  the  ti-ei  s  of  the  str«et 
on  eitlier  side  of  the  iratewayc  The  house  of  Mr.  ilturv  Smitii,  chairman  of  the 
gelectmcD,  was  similarly  treated,  and  the  porch  was  handsuiuely  triuimed.  Up[)c?ite 
the  Munroe  library,  the  home  of  ^lisd  Prichard  was  dressed  with  bunting,  chiedy 
American  ensiirus  and  streamers,  on  each  side  of  a  national  shield.  The  hou?e  of 
Dr.  Cook  was  also  dressed  in  the  front  with  a  holiday  suit  of  patriotif^  color.  Tiie 
residence  of  R.  N.  Rice  was  beautifully  yet  not  elal)orntciy  decorated  with  streamers 
and  flays.  On  the  other  side  the  home  of  Jud2;e  iJruoks  was  trimmed  with  [jcujiarsts 
and  sii^nals.  Next  to  Mr.  Brooks's,  the  home  of  iiarzillai  Hudson  was  trimmed 
with  streamers.  And  next  to  that  the  residence  of  A.  C.  CoUit-r  was  also  decorated. 
The  house  of  Dr.  Barrett,  which  stands  on  the  .site  of  the  old  block-house,  had  a 
numVjer  of  dags  o\er  the  door  and  an  abundance  of  streamers.  Tiie  bank  was 
decorated  with  red,  white  and  blue,  and  tljc  rooms  of  the  young  men's  club  were 
also  quite  handsomely  trimmed  with  a  multitude  of  signal  dags.  These  were  all  on 
Main  btreet,  and  the  viita  as  one  glanced  along  its  length  was  truly  ])icture.-.iue. 

On  Walden  street  the  house  of  G.  T.  Brabrook,  nest  to  the  Congregational  church. 
was  e.xtensively  trimmed.  The  house  of  H.  R.  Brown  was  the  fust  tiouse  decorated 
in  the  town.  Flags  festooned  the  main  door  and  under  the  windows.  The  house  of 
i.Ii.  2,..viL.<..i  Si,^..  .lu.^  \.^L^.^y.^  .,.;.Li  iLo  ru^ulo.:iou  il>igs  uuu  <,ij.--ig:is.  Beyond,  the 
house  of  Charles  Barrlett  was  trimmed  on  the  side  with  large  red  flags  and  a  Hue 
of  streamers.  The  nest  house  just  beyond,  owned  by  Mr.  Nathan  Derby,  was 
trimmed  with  United  flags,  just  over  the  door.  The  house  of  Mr.  bamuel  Staples, 
on  Lexington  street,  showed  several  flags  draped  over-  the  door.  The  next  re.-i'lence, 
Mrs.  Beals"s,  was  also  trimmed  with  streamers.  In  Concord  square,  the  old  Wright 
tavern  attracted  notice  by  its  conspicuous  sign  and  displayed  flags.  Opposite  tiie 
Unitarian  church,  the  house  of  Air.  Pierce  was  hunt:  with  colors.  Mr.  Ben 
Tolman's,  near  by,  was  also  shining  in  its  gala  dress.  Mr.  llumidirey  Buttrick"s 
was  draped  and  finished  ofl:"  with  flags  and  shields.  The  town  hall  was  elegantly 
trimmed  with  flags  in  pyramidal  form,  out  of  the  windows  of  each  story.  The 
effect  was  most  excellent.  Opposite,  tlie  Middlesex  flouse  was  covered  with  lines- 
and  streamers  in  many  directions,  crossing  the  gilt  letters  of  the  house's  name. 
On  the  main  street  end  of  the  hotel,  a  large  shield,  on  which  was  painted  the  God- 
dess of  Liberty,  was  placed  near  the  roi)f,  and  the  streamers  aud  flags  fell  away  on 
each  side  with  extreme  grace.  The  balcony  rails  were  bound  with  the  Union  blue 
and  its  white  stars.  Each  supporting  pillar  was  covered  with  a  tlag.  The  house  of 
Fathe;  Bresnahan  was  festooned  with  streamers,  and  the  American  aud  Iristi  colors 
were  -isplayed.  The  Surette  block  was  very  elaborately  decorated  with  flags  and 
etreamers.  Flags  were  placed  along  the  cornices  and  curtained  the  windijw-;.  Ja 
this  block  are  the  residences  of  L.  A.  6ure:te,  J.  AL  Smith,  Messrs.  Pratt  and  Hunt. 
The  handsome  flag-etaS'  in  the  centre  of  the  square  was  strikingly  decorated  with 
long  lines  of  bright  signals,  the  whole  leading  gradually  up  to  the  AmL-rican  ensign, 
which  proudly  floated  at  the  ht^d.  On  Lowell  street  "a  number  of  streamers  were 
placed  lu  front  of  the  house  of  W.  F.  Hurd.  Mr.  Nathan  S.  iiosmer  had  his  front 
aoor  trimmed  with  American  flags,  and  from  one  window  hung  a  heavy  white  silk 
flag,  presented  to  an  old  Concord  company  mure  than  forty  years  ago,  the  company 
having  received  its  first  charter  from  Queen  Anne.  On  Monument  stre.-t  the  house 
of  Miss  Barrett  was  the  first  on  which  the  national  colors  blcndei  harmonicasly 
witu  the  flags  of  other  nations.  The  next  house  was  bright  with  yelhvW,  red  and 
blue,  the  home  of  Mrs.  Nathan  Barrett.  The  windows  in  this  house  were  ali  cur- 
tained with  flags.  At  the  residence  of  Asa  Jacobs,  Jr.,  two  large  ensigns  were 
festooned  ovt-r  tiie  front  of  tl'.e  building,  the  stripes  falling  away  in  gracelul  folis 
to  cither  side.  Dr.  E.  W.  Emer><in'8  had  a  few  dags  under  the  windows.  Next  to 
him,  on  a  commanding  eminence,  the  house  of  Mr.  Lorenzo  Eaton  showed  some 
prettily  entwined  streamers  along  the  front,  while  several  flags  adorned  the  tops  of 
the  windows  and  the  door.  Mrs.  Richardson's  house  across  the  street  was  festooned 
on  the  windows,  and  the  dos-)r  was  draped  with  the  everywhere  prevailing  red,  wliite 
and  blue.  Mr.  stone's,  next  door,  was  trimmed  with  flags  over  the  buvr  window 
and  streamers  and  pennants  on  the  sides.    Dr.  Friend's  house,  opposite,  bore  light-red 

TOL.  XXIX.  40* 


4G6  Proceedings  in  Concord,  April  10,  1875.  [Oct. 

and  }-elli»w  bandi?  ahnve  the  door.  Tho  balcony  of  Mrs.  Fay's  house,  further  on, 
sappurtoiJ  several  fcstojneil  fl>,i,'s,  fastened  on  tiie  top  of  the  piazza.  Mrs.  Gnur'zas's 
house,  on  th;-  ri)uo<ite  si.ie  uf  tlie  hi.-'toiic  TMa'i,  wan  al"o  triinmcd  vith  etreamers. 
CrusshiL!;  tlie  railrnad,  thf  home  of  Eli.«ha  Juiioa  in  1775  wae  trimmed  on  the  frunt 
doorway  with  llair.s.  and  the  pillars  were  triinmed  and  ■woven  a'xmt  with  band.-'  of 
ye!!  .'•.'  ;•.:..]  red.  Uii  Llic  L  at.  che  rear  there  were  inscriptions.  "  Pierced  by  a  British 
musket  ball,"  and  the  spot  was  dnped  with  flails  and  streamers.  The  old  man.se  of 
the  Rev.  W'iHinia  Eiiicr-jon  had  a  h^w  bvi'.dit  fla.^s  over  its  weather-stained  door,  or- 
dinavily  -su  '•luxrlt.-.-.s  in  eolur  ;  and  the  inscription  at  tiie  gate  which  det^i.L^ates  the 
residence  was  also  draped.  Just  close  to  this  irnte  was  the  Iriumphial  arch,  white, 
bordered  with  evergreen  and  lettered  as  follows  : — 

*'  The  Concord  bridge  wliich  "navis,  wlicn  he  cnme. 
Found  was  the  bee-hne  track  to  heaven  aad  fame." 

The  decorations  on  the  houee  of  Mrs.  J.  B.  Keyes,  just  bej'ond  the  avenue  leadini^ 
to  the  monument,  were  very  pretty  and  looked  well.  Beyond  the  large  tent,  the  re- 
sidence of  Mr.  George  Keyes  was  trimmed  with  dark  red  and  blue  signal  flags. 

At  the  various  points  of  historic  interest,  and  upon  the  buildinL'S  still  standing 
which  were  witn<LSses  of  the  stirring  events  of  the  19th  of  April,  the  following 
signs  were  placed,  painted  in  large,  Itgible,  black  letters  on  narrow  strips  of  hoard  : 
1.  House  of  Adjt.  Joi.  Ho?m<T,  1775.     (This   is   just   be3-ond  the  Fitchburg  Rail- 
r.iad,  on  Main  street.)     2.  Old  South  Bridge.     British  Company  stationed  here 
IGth  of  April,  1775.     (This  bridiia  is  on  Maiu  street,  just  this  side  of  the  Fitchbuvg 
Eailroad  track.)     3.  Old  Block  House.     T>.„iu  iq;!.     (Qu  Maiu  street,  near  the 
Lciiue  ul   ine  town.)      4.  Site  of  the  Old  Jail.      British   &-.ldiers   confined    here. 
(This  wa"  nearly  in  the  rear  of  the  old  graveyard  on  Main  street.)     5.  Site  of 
Captain  Whcclev's  g.-ist  mili  (where  now  A.  C.  Collier  has  a  j^-welry  store;  the  old 
tiillsc^nes  are  part  of  the  foundations  of   the  brick  store).     6.  Site  of  Captaia 
"Wheeler's  storehouse  (on  Walden  street,  the  side  of  the  Txinitariau  church  nearest 
Main  street).      Provincial  flour  stored  here.      7.  Merriam's  Corner.      Here  the 
minute  men  from  Old  North  Bridge,  with  Reading  and  Billerica  companies,  attacked 
the  Briti-jli  on  t!;eir  retreat.     (Merriam's  Corner  is  on  the  road  to  Lexington.  1:^ 
miles  fnm  Town  Hail,  and  where  the  old  Bedford  road  joins  the  Lexington  road.) 
8.  Residence  of  Dr.  Samuel  Prescott,  who  brought  the  news  of  the  march  of  the 
British  from  Boston.     (This  is  on  Lexington  road,  five-eighths  of  a  mile  from  Town 
Hail,  where  no'.v  John  B.  Mixire,  Esq.,  resides.)     9.  Thu  Concord  road  to  Bi>ston,  I 
for  one  most  gin'liy  ollua  call  it  John  Bull's  run.     (Posted  at  foot  of  Hon.  George 
Heywood's  lull  on  Lexington  road,  a  little  way  from  old  church.)     10.  Shop  of 
Rtuben  Bruwn,  where  saddles,  cartridge  boxes,  etc.,  were  made  for  the  provincial 
army.    (On  Lexington  road  on  side  opposite  church,  15  or  20  rods  toward  Lexington, 
DOW  used  as  a  dwelling  house.)     11.  Old  Meetin:r  House,  b  lilt  1712,  enlarged  1702; 
remodelled  r.f.d  turned  halfway  round,  1811.    Inrst  prov  ncial  congress  met  here 
Oct.  11,  1774;  second  congress  met  here  March  22.  1775,  and  adjourned  lour  days 
before  the  battle  at  Old  North  Bridge.     (Any'nody  can  find  this.)     12.  Wright's 
Tavern.     Pltcairn  stirrin:;  his  brandy  with  bloody  fingers,  said  :  "  I  hope  to  stir  t!i9 
damned  Yankee  blood  9.0  before  night."     (House  bordering  Church  Green  on  the 
B.jrtli.)     15.  Site  of  old  Cou't  House,  1775.     (West  side  of  the  public   square.) 
14.  Proviiicial  Srorehouse,  1775.     (House  of  L.  A.  Surette,  north  side  of    Public 
;  Square.)     15.  House  of  Elisha  Jones,  1775.     (On  Monument  street,   h  mile  from 
Public  square,  nuw  the  Hon.  J.  S.  Keyes's  house,  34  tons  provision  stored  in  the  shed, 
;   mark  of  a  bullet  still  kept.)     16.  The  Old  Manse  occupied  by  Rev.  \Vm.  Emerson, 
I    April  19,  1775.     (Tills  house  on  M<mument  street,  just  this  side  path  tj  battle 
I    ground,  stands  120  or  130  feet  from  street,  with  two  square  granite  posts  8  or  10 
i    feet  high  at  entrance  of  ground,     ilr.  Etnerson  went  as  chaplain  Vj  Saratoga,  and 
I    died  on   way  home  at   Rutland.)     17.    Triumphal   arch  with  the  above  couplet. 
;     (Just  bej-ond  old  manse  gate  over  the  road.)     18.  Memorable  sa.yings  at  tiie  fight, 
pijsted  near  the  statue  of  the  minute-man:  ''  Fire,  fellow-soldiers,  for  God's  sake, 
fire." — Major  Buttrick.     "I   hav'n't  a  man  that's  afraid  to  go." — Captain  L^^aac 
i     Davis.    '•  Will  you  let  them  burn  the  town  down  ?  " — .Adjutant  Hosmer.    19.  House 
'.     of  Major  John  Buttrick,  1775.     (This  is  an  old  house  belonging  to  the  late  Francis 
\    Jarvis,  on  a  cross  street  overlooking  the  battlefield.)     20.  flouse  of  Nathan  Barrett. 
-■'1775.     (This  is  on  tlie  hill  on  a  street  in  Cuntinuatiou  of  Monument  street,  perhaps 
i-i  miles  troin  the  viliago.    Mr.  Barrett  was  a  Captain,  and  waa  wounded  during 


1875.]  Proceedings  in  Concord,  April  19,  1875.  467 

the  day.)  21,  IIoti~c  of  Col.  Jamos  Earrett,  1775.  (Cu!.  J.  B.  commanded  the 
forces  April  19.  Iii8  house  is  on  what  is  called  Five  Miles  Siuare — two  miles  from 
t'.io  villa-e,  :\vA  is  uecnpied  by  the  faiaily  ul  tbc  late  ProhCvtt  r.:irr.-tt.)  O'J.  S<-:vci-;'.l 
bouses  standini;  at  the  time  of  tLie  battle,  but  Laving  no  liijtoi'Ieal  iiieiueiiU  counected 
with  them,  wcie  lunriicd  1773. 

Many  of  the  relics  on  exhibition  were  of  a  most  interestiii:;  character.     Not  the 
lea.st  of  this  deseription  vrus  the  sword  of  Cant.  Isaac  Davi.-,  tiie  .:j;allaut  commander 
of  the  Acton  Miout^>  Men,  wiio  was  killed  by  tiie  tirst  tire  uf  t!ic  I'-nti.-li  at  tlie 
bridge,  and  which  was  worn  by  him  on  that  day.     It  is  a  i^t^aigllt,  slight,  delieate 
afl'air,  and  tlie  handle  was  once  haudsumeiy  mounted  wilii  .silver.     The  blade  Ls  now 
but  about  two  feet  in  length,  two  or  three  inches  liaving  been  rusted  uif  the  cud. 
It  was  sent  to  Judge  lluar  by  Am.^  N.  Fitch,  wiio  states  that  he  received  it  forty 
years  ago  from  his  mother,  nee  Mary  Davis,  -who  inherited  it  direct  from  h.;r  lather, 
the  hero  himself.     It  will  be  deposited  in  the  Concord  Public  Libiary.     There  vvt-re 
a  pair  of  seissai-s  of  no  particular  interest,  except  from  the  fact-tliat  they  were  used 
by  a  young  lady  of  that  period  in  making  provincial  cartridges,  a  J5ritis!i  officer  who 
had  been  bautering  her  exjdaining  the  process,  little  thinking  of  t!ie  n^sult  of  his 
instructions.     One  of  the  lamous  "  Colfia  handbills,"  headed  by  a  cheerful  array  of 
forty  of  these  burial  cases,  the  property  of  Mr.  Cummings  E.  Davis,  vvh.o  has  a 
larg'e  and  valuable  collection  of  antiquities,  was  another  curiosity.     It  was  written 
in  the  indignant  tone  of  tho-e  days,  and  purports  to  be  a  relaiion  of  tlie  evencs 
of   April    19,    '75.     It   is  styled  -"'The   Bloody   Butchery   by   the  Brlti>h    troops, 
or  the   Kunaway  Fight  of  the  Regulars.''     It  was   printed    in   Sakm  just  after 
the    fight.      The  sword    of   Oliver    U'beeler  of  Acton,  worn   by  him  April  19, 
'75,  ^i^iikr  in  ^tylo  to  ihat  tf  C;.ptaia  Da\i;,  aLj  another  sword  of  the  period,  of 
the  same  general  aiipeanmcc.  though  the  blade  is  longer.     A  British  cartridge  bos 
on  v\hich  is  stamped  "G.  K..'"   taken  from  the  regulars.     It  is  in  a  fair  state  ot 
preservation.     The  sword  of  Lieut.  James  Potter  of  the  Bnti>h_  M:irines,  who  was 
taken  prisoner  and   for   some  time  conilned  in  the  house  of  Mr.  Keuben  Brown, 
the  saddler   and  cartridge   box  maker,  whose  residence  is  still   to_  he   seen.     The 
weapon  is  much  heavier  trian  the  American  swords,  and  the  blade  wider  and  lonjrer. 
It  appears  to  be  a  lighting  sword,  while  the  others  are  more  of  an  ornamental  or 
uarade  article.     The  handle  is  binck,  with  heavy  Ijrass  surroundings  on  the  hilt. 
The  inscription  on  the  guard  is  "Xth  Kgt.  Co.  Yl.  No.  10."      This  is  also  the 
property  of  !Mr.  Davis.     A  sis-pound  cannon  ball,  one  of  those  thrown  into  the 
mill-pond  by  the  British  raiders,  and  years  after  fjund  at  the  bottom.     The  sword 
of  a  Briri.-;h  oihcer  killed  during  tlie'retrcat  from  Concord,  and  the  gun  carried  by 
David  Bemis,  the  man  who  shot  him.     It  has  his  name  ou  the  stock  in  full,  with 
the  date,  Jan.  7,  1775.     It  is  one  of  the  old  flint-lock  guns.     The  sword  is  of  a 
similar  style  with  that  of  Lieut.  Potter.     The  gun  carried  by  Maj.  Buttriek,  the 
American  commander.     The  powder-horn  belonging  to  his  brother,  winch  was  carried 
on  that  day.     It  bears   the   inscription,  "Concord,  William  Buttriek,  liis  Horn, 
Sept.  1   ,   1774."    The  musket  has  been  altered  to  a  percussion  lock.     Another 
powder-horn,  once  belon:ring  to  Joseph  Clallin  of  Acton,  was  carried  by  him  at 
Concord,  and  afterward  durmg  the  chase  and  at  Bunker  Hill,  also  through  mueh  of 
the  war.     The  powder-horn  of  Amos  Barrett  is  elaborately  carved  with  rude  repre- 
sentation'! of  horses,  tish.  vessels  and  wheels.     Tiie  inscripti.)n  upon  tins  memento 
of  t!ie  ;ight  is  "Amos  Barrett,  His  Horn."     A  leather  bullet-pouch,  calculated  to 
carry  as  many  of  those  missiles  as  one  could  well  fire  in  a  day,  even  with  pretty 
rapid  firing.     It  was  carried  by  one  of  the  Concord  company.     The  swovd  ot  Nathan 
Barrett,  longer  and  stouter  than  that  of  Capt.  Davis,  though  not  as  stUisii.     lie 
carried  it  on  the  battle-day.     Among  the  parchments  and  papers  held  dear  by  trie 
citizens  of  Concord,  is  a'relic  in  the  possession  of  the  Barrett  family.     It  is  tlie 
commission  from  King  Georire  III.,    held  by  Captain  Nathan  Barrett,  who  com- 
manded the  Concord  Light  Inlantry  on  the  19th  ot  April.     Captain  Barrett  vras  the 
son  of  Col.  James  Barrett,  at  the  time  in  command  of  the  provincial  militia.  ^  Capt. 
Charles  J.  Penned  of  the  Portland  ^Mechanic  Blues,  brought  vritli  him  an  old-time 
piece  of  par.-hment,  bearing  date  of  Is07.     It  was  the  commission  of  Capt.  bamucl 
Clark,  signed  by  His  Excellencv,  John  Brooks,  then  Governor  of  Mas.-achusetts, 
giving  tol_'aptain  Clark  the  first" command  of  the  Portland  .Mechanic  Blues,  then  in 
the  third  regiment,  second  brigade,  twelfth  division  of  Massachiusetts  militia. 

Among  tlie  attractions  was  \  superb  piece  of  Gobelin  tapestry,  the  w.)rk  of  more 
than  two  hundred  year;,  a-ro,  repre.-eatin j;  the  Goude.-s  of  F.^.me,  riding  up'm  a  elj„d, 
blowing  her  trumpet.  1g  is  owned  by  William  W,  Wheildoa,  of  Concord,  in  whose 
possession  it  has  been  for  the  last  thirty  yeara. 


468  Pioceedings  la  Concord,  April  19,  1875.  [Oct. 

The  exercises  at  the  tent  bcijnn  9<X)n  after  11  o'clock  in  the  pri'i=eDceof  an  immense 
audience,  the  majority  of  wlioui  remained  until  the  close  of  Mr.  Curtis's  oration, 
and  manitfsted  the  nK•^t  profjunl  iiitcio;!  in  the  ji/oCeedingH. 

The  Hon.  £.  Eockwood  Hoar,  Presidunt  of  the  Day,  on  callini;  the  ne^cmbly  to 
order,  said: 

Friends  and  l-'cliow-Ctli'cns :  In  thirt  solemn  hour,  when  the  nation  enters  upon 
it6  second  et;ntury,  on  the  gj);)t  wiiich  wa.s  its  liirth-plaee,  let  ufi  reverently  a-k  (iA 
tobe\\itii  US  as  He  V. as  with  uur  father.s.  Prayer  was  then  oii'ercd  by  tlie  liev. 
Grindall  Reynolds,  of  ConcmMl. 

The  President— In  the  presence  of  tlie  President  and  Vice-President  of  tlic  United 
States,  attt.-nded  by  the  Cabinet — in  the  prtsenee  of  the  Gm'ernor,  the  Executive 
Council  and  the  Lesj;islature  of  Ma»suohusetts — in  the  j/resence  of  the  Governors  of 
each  of  the  New  England  States — we  have  to-day  dedicated  to  the  meinnvy  of  tlic 
first  soldiers  of  the  revolution  a  statue  ujion  the  site  where  the  first  order  to  the 
troop?  of  the  people  to  fire  upon  the  trooi^s  of  the  king  wa.s  i^iven.  lu  ap[uoprJatt; 
notice  of  that  act,  you  will  be  addressed  for  a  few  moments  by  Mr.  Emerson. 

Mi'.  Emerson  then  read  the  following  remarks  :  Elienezer  Hubbard,  a  farmer, 
who  inherited  the  land  in  the  village  on  which  the  British  troops  committed  depre- 
dation, and  who  had  a  deep  interest  in  tiie  history  of  th.e  raid,  ereet.-d  many  years 
aso  a  tlagstaft'  on  his  land,  and  never  neglected  to  hoist  the  etais  and  stripes  on  rbe 
Isineteeuth  of  April  and  the  Fourth  of  July.  It  grieved  him  deeply  tiiat  yonder 
monument,  erected  by  the  town  in  183(5,  should  be  built  on  the  ground  which  the 
enemy  occupied  in  the  Concord  fight,  and  he  be'iueathed  in  his  will  a  eura  of  money 
to  the  town  of  Concord,  on  condition  that  a  monument  should  be  ere(;tKi  on  the 
identical  eround  occupied  ^ly  oir  miaute-meii  and  mihiia  on  that  day ;  and  another 
eum  ot  money,  on  the  condition  that  the  town  should  build  a  foot  bridge  across  the 
river  where  tiie  old  brid.ge  stood  in  17T5.  The  town  accepted  the  legacy,  built  the 
bridge,  and  eiuployed  Daniel  French  to  prepare  a  statue  to  oe  erected  on  the  si')ocifie<l 
spot.  Meanwhile  congre>s  at  Washington  giive  to  the  town  bronze  cannons  to 
furnish  the  artist  with  material  to  complete  his  work.  His  statue  is  before  you  ;  it 
was  approved  by  the  town,  and  to-day  it  speaks  for  itself.  The  sculptor  has  rightly 
conceived  the  proper  emblems  of  the  patriot  farmer  who  at  the  morning  alarm  left 
his  plou^ii  to  gra-p  his  gun.  He  has  built  no  dumeover  hia  work,  belie-ving  that  blue 
ground  makes  the  best  background.  Tlic  statue  is  the  first  serious  work  of  our 
young  townsman,  who  is  now  in  Itrdy  to  pursue  his  profession. 

^Ve  had  man}'  enemies  and  many  friends  in  England,  but  our  one  benefactor  was 
King  George  the  HI.  The  time  liad  arrived  for  the  political  severance  of  America, 
that^it  miglit  play  its  part  in  the  history  of  this  globe  ;  and  the  way  of  Divine  Pro- 
vidence to  do  it  was  to  give  an  insane  King  to  England.  Un  the  resistance  of  the 
colonies,  he  alme  was  immovalile  on  the  question  of  force.  England  was  so  dear  to 
us  that  the  colonies  could  only  be  absv^lutely  united  by  violence  from  England,  and 
only  one  man  could  compel  the  resort  to  violence.     So  the  King  became  insane. 

Parliament  wavered,  all  the  Ministers  wavered.  Lord  North  wavered  ;  but  the 
King  had  the  insanity  of  one  idea-  He  was  immovable;  he  insisted  on  the  impos- 
sible ;  so  the  army  was  sent.     xVmcrica  was  instantly  united,  and  the  nation  born. 

On  the  19th  of  April  eight  hundred  sohliers  with  hostile  intent  were  sent  hither 
from  Boston.  Nature  itself  put  on  a  new  face  on  that  day.  You  see  the  rude  fields 
of  this  morning,  but  on  the  same  day  of  1775,  a  rare  forwardness  of  the  spring  is 
recorded.  It  appears  the  patrioti-m  of  the  people  was  so  hoc  that  it  melted  the 
snow,  and  the  rye  waved  on  the  I9th  of  April. 

We  see  gladly  around  us  to-day  the  representatives  of  Acton,  Bedford,  Lincoln  and 
Carlisle,  onee  included  in  our  own  town  limits,  and  who  were  mindful  of  their 
mother  and  risked  their  lives  for  her  on  the  memorable  day  we  celebrate.  Isaac 
Davis  of  Acton  was  the  first  martyr. 

In  all  noble  acti  m  we  say,  'tis  only  the  first  step  that  costs.  "Who  will  carry  out 
the  rule  of  right  must  take  his  life  in  liis  hand.  We  have  no  need  to  magnify  the 
facts.  Only  thrc-e  of  our  men  were  killed  at  this  bridge  and  a  few  others  wounded  : 
here  the  British  army  was  first  f/ontod  and  driven  back,  and  if  only  three  men  or 
only  one  man  bad  been  slain,  it  was  the  first  victory, — the  thunderbolt  falls  on  an 
inch  of  the  ground,  but  the  light  of  it  fills  the  horizon.  We  had  no  electric  tele- 
graph, but  the  news  of  this  triumpli  of  the  farmers  over  the  King's  troops  sped 
through  the  country  to  New-York,  to  Philadelphia,  to  Kentucky,  to  Carolina,  with 
speed  unknown  before,  and  ripened  the  colonies  to  inevitable  decision.  This  sharp 
beginning  of  real  war  wns  followed  sixty  days  later  by  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill, 


1875.]  Pfoceedinf/s  in  Concord,  April  10,  1875.  469 

tlien  hy  Geneml  Washiu-rton's  arrival  in  Cambridge,  ami  hisrc(loiiht.-;on  Dorchester 
I!ei;^hts.  fu  h  iittlt-  Ic-s  th:in  one  ye;ir  from  the  Tlmtli  nf  Isanc  Davis  and  Aljuer 
IlM.-^iiier,  one  hunuved  and  twenty  v,  -.-els,  lu.nli'd  with  (joneral  Uu.ve  and  Ins  army 
of  6000  men  and  all  their  Cutcts,  sailed  out  of  Button  liailior,  never  to  retui-u.  It  is 
n  firoud  and  tender  story.  I  challenge  any  lover  of  iMa<Haehu.setts  to  read  the  six- 
teenth chapter  of  t>aucrofc"s  history  without  tears  of  joy. 

At  the  concIuriiH,  a  poer.u  ■written  by  James  Russell  Lowell,  was  read  by  him. 
The  chairman  then  hatrodacod  Geori^e  William  Curtis,  the  orator  ul  the  day. 

At  the  close  of  the  oration  the  band  played  "  America,*'  and  then  those  who  held 
ticketB  pasted  to  tlic  dinner  tent.  Tlie  dinner  given  by  tlie  lown  took  place  in  a  tent 
410  feet  long  and  bO  wide.  About  four  thousand  persons  partook  ot  the  dinner, 
after  which  the  president  of  the  day  spoke  as  follows  : 

Felloic-citizins  : — Patriotic  memories  are  the  strenjcth  of  a  nation.  America  as  a 
nation  to-day  enters  up'jn  her  second  century.  We  have  assemljled  to  celebrate,  as 
Worthily  as  we  may,  t'-.e  tecond  centennial  anniversary  of  the  Uevolution.  Tlie 
British  Parliament  in  1774  had  voted  a  law  to  prohibit  the  holdin;;  of  t^nvn  meetin^rs 
in  New-England  except  fjr  the  purpose  of  choosing  officers.  It  was  t"0  late.  The 
town  mt'etings  had  done  their  work,  the  villages  of  New-England  had  responded 
to  Faneuil  Hall.  The  discussions  iu  rhe  towns  h:\d  responded  to  the  fiery  elo'iuence 
of  Adams  and  Otis.  Preraration  had  been  made;  the  people  had  determined  to 
maintain  their  lil>erties  at  any  cost ;  and  they  were  waiting  only  for  the  time  when 
by  any  forcible  ace  by  which  their  property  should  be  seized,  or  their  riglits  violat'jd, 
they  micrht  be  called  uptiH  to  defend  both  in  arms.  And  the  day  came. — a  glivious 
uay  iur  Lexin>.'too  anu  lor  Loncord,  for  Acton,  lor  tiie  towns  of  Middlesex,  Essex 
and  Norfolk,  ?'r  Massachusetts  and  for  the  country.  It  was  accidental  only  that 
the  spark  tirst  kin. lied  he.e  into  the  tlame,  for  the  whole  country  from  one  end  to 
another  was  heated  and  ready  to  ilame  up  at  the  slightest  spark.  Andvvhen  the 
day  cauie,  fellow-citizens,  have  you  considered  what  a  day  of  transformation  it  was  I 
The  men  who  were  called  from  their  beds  at  midnight  at  the  tap  of  the  drum  at 
Lexington  were  English  colonists.  The  men  who  marciicd  down  to  the  old  North 
bridge,  saying  that  they  hid  a  rii,nit  to  go  to  Concord  on  the  King's  hiir'iway  and 
they  would  go  to  Conjjrd,  were  Eritish'subjects,  claiming  the  rights  of  Englishmen. 
That  \\'as  the  America  on  the  morning  of  the  19th  of  April,  1775.  At  night  on  that 
day  the  American  people  were  besieging  in  R^ston  a  foreign  enemy  whom  they  had 
driven  in  hurried  and  igniminious  rout  to  take  refuge  under  tiie  slielter  ol  their 
ships  of  wr.r.  The  Arneri.-an  nation  was  born  that  day.  Everything  that  succeeded 
it  in  the  Revolution  was  but  the  corollary  of  this  first  and  primal  proposith/n  ;  and 
at  Philadelphia,  iu  177G.  our  fathers  declared  what  we  had  already  made  a  iixed  fact. 
In  all  the  fortunes  of  the  war,  ail  the  victories  of  the  war  were  simply  the  steps  by 
which  tlie  American  people  were  driving  the  British  government  to  an  acknowledg- 
ment o'tiie  fact,  which  was  established  as  surely  on  the  10th  of  April,  1773.  as  it  is 
establis.jed  on  the  lOth  of  April,  ls)75.  When  a  people  have  found  something  that 
they  are  willing  to  die  for,  when  the  humblest  men  among  them,  who  could  have 
gone  on  tilling  their  fields,  working  at  their  trades  and  taking,  their  ease  in  lite, 
were  willing,  instead,  fjr  a  principle,  for  a  public  object,  as  citizens  who  felt  that 
they  had  a  duty  to  man,  king  and  their  country  to  discharge,  and  to  take  their  lives 
in  their  hands  and  to  rally,  lay  them  down,  if  needs  be,  tor  this  objt.'Ct,  you  had 
before  you  a  people  whose  independence  was  secure,  whoso  future  was  certain.  I 
do  not  propose  to  detain  you  to  listen  to  any  speech  of  mine.  The  lOth  ot  April,  I 
believe,  pervades  me  through  and  through,  and  I  could  talk  for  a  week  if  I  started 
out ;  but  I  do  not  propijse  to  do  it.  1  know  it  is  in  all  of  you  also  :  every  one  of 
you  feels  it  through  and  tiirough, — thia  spirit  of  the  Revolution.  I  propose  the  first 
regular  sentiment  of  the  day  : 

"  The  Nineteenth  of  April,  1775.  A  glorious  day  for  Lexinfrton  and  Concord,  for 
the  towns  of  Middlesex,  tor  Massachusetts,  for  America,  f.r  freedom  and  tlie  rights 
of  mankind.  Every  blow  struck  for  liberty  amonsr  men  since  the  Nineteenth  of 
April,  1775,  has  but  echoed  the  guns  of  that  eventful  morning."' 

Tlie  President  of  the  L'nited  Stjites  has  left  us  to  unite  in  the  kindre<l  ceremonies 
at  Lexington,  but  we  have  the  pleasure  to  have  with  us  a  gentleman  whom  I  shall 
first  invite  to  aildre-s  you,  in  whom  I  may  say  that  Pennsylvania  has  undertaken  to 
pay  back  the  deb;;  which  she  owes  to  New- England  for  giving  her  BenJ:imin  Fx~ank- 
lin.     A  man  who  has  a  national  fame  and  a  right  to  speak  for  the  people  of  the 


470  Proceedinris  in  Concord,  April  19,  1875.  [Oct. 

United  States,  aud  be  needs  no  iutroduccion  and  no  comment  from  me, — James  G. 
Blaine. 

Speaker  Blaine  was  greeted  with  three  cheers  as  be  rose  to  re<]iond.  Ho  said  : 
I  cannot  accept  tlic  rcu'^on  •riven  ])}•  tlic  honored  chairman  of  the  day  tor  thuf  c:ill- 
iij^  inc  utit  us  itie  lirt-c  speaker.  It  occiirrc'i  to  him  from  an  critirdy  ditloreut  ruasvn. 
lie  ha>  recently  servtd  in  the  house  uf  ri.'|ifestMitarivi's.  where  ho  learned  that  on  the 
call  ofStates,  5laine  nhvavH  has  the  fir!?t  oriU  ;  and  uwin'^  to  that  liabit  1  have  the 
great  honor  of  bcinii;  presented  to  you.  Iti  listening  to  this  mateblei^s  eidi)gy  of  the 
matchless  event  in  history,  I  was  struck  by  one  fact  which  the  gravity  of  the  (occasion 
forbade  the  eloquent  orator  from  alludini^'  to.  They  have  been  .searching  around 
this  hundred  years  past  for  the  renson  why  tlie  first  blow  for  .Anicrican  liberty  should 
have  been  .struck  at  Concord  ;  and  I  think  thrv  have  neglected  the  real  and  primal 
instinctive  reason  that  underlay  the  whole,  i'lie  truth  is  that  the  people  of  Con- 
c*:)rd,  from  the  early  settlement  of  the  town,  had  been, — to  use  a  somewhat  slang 
phrase, — "  spiling-"  fijr  a  tight.  They  had  the  apostle  Eliot  am^ng  them  to  train 
them,  but  they  relied  a  great  deal  more  upon  their  musketfi.  AVhen  the  colonists 
got  into  a  row  with  Sir  Kdmund  Andros,  it  wa-s  a  company  from  Concord  tiiat 
"backed  them  np  ;  when  King  Philip  attempted  ravages,  it  wa?  Conconl  men  that 
met  him  :  and  when  the  pure  Revolution  came,  it  was  just  as  inevitable  that  the 
fii-st  Conflict  should  come  at  Concord  as  it  was  that  King  George  should  insist  upon 
the  measures  that  diove  the  colonists  to  resistance.  I  have  always,  therefore,  no 
trouble  in  determining  in  my  own  mind  the  lighting  qualities  of  the  people  of  Con- 
cord, from  the  people  I  have  myself  known.  Here  was  the  precise  place;  and  if 
yoii  will  read  the  annals  of  that  great  event  that  we  have  bpon  celebrating  to-day. 
yoii  TT-'M  «'  1  fi  at  ^li^  ul  olio  UioG  Luings  ttie  people  of  Concord  did  was  to  refuse  to 
allow  the  royal  juflges  to  sit  here  ;  and  further,  that  they  humbled  tories.  And,  0 
Lord,  pity  those  tories  !  1  believe  the  name  of  n.  single  tory  that  waa  humbled  by 
the  Concord  people  has  never  been  rec^^rded  in  history  ;  you  never  can  find  out 
where  they  went  afterward.  But  it  is  perfectly  easy  to  believe  that,  under  the 
■weight  of  the  humiliation  inflicted  by  Concord  people,  every  one  resorted  to  evade 
further  public  odium  by  suicide. 

We  have  been  told  by  an  eminent  English  historian  that  there  were  fifteen  de- 
cisive hattle^  in  the  v.-orld.  He  closed  his  history  al>out  1S51.  I  think  if  he  had 
written  a  little  while  later  he  wou'd  have  found  a  ^e\x  more  decisive  battles  to  add 
to  the  list.  But  in  his  going  over  these  battles  from  Marathon  to  Waterloo,  you 
get,  in  eC'ect,  the  history  of  all  the  great  powers,  ancient  and  modern,  that  have 
risen  and  fallen, — Persia,  Assyria,  Rome  and  Greece, — and  in  modem  times  the 
great  changes  that  have  come  over  European  systems  are  also  chronicled  and  de- 
cided. But  there  is  one  list  of  battles  which  have  not  yet  been  gathered  by  the  his- 
torian. AV'e  are  familiar  with  Marathon  ;  we  all  know  what  Waterloo  did.  We 
know,  later,  what  has  been  done  at  Sedan  ;  we  all  know,  later,  also,  what  was  done 
at  Peters'">urg,  Vicksburg,  Gettysburg,  the  \Vilderness  and  Chattanooga  ;  but  that 
list  of  battles  which  I  may  say  may  be  classed  among  those  that  forced  the  issue, 
whether  in  the  moral  or  military  world,  have  never  yet  been  classified.  John  Quincy 
Adams  fought  one  in  the  house  of  representatives  when  he  insisted  upon  presentin;; 
a  petition  from  a  slave.  That  was  the  first  issue,  and  was  the  battle  which  decided 
the  right  to  petition  in  this  country.  A  PeQns3-lvania  representative, — and  I  speak 
with  some  sensibility  of  Ptnn.-ylvania  after  the  allusion  of  the  chairman  to  me, — 
forced  t'le  i.---ue  of  slavery  in  this  country  by  moving  a  proviso  to  the  slave  power. 
And  what  these  Concord  men  did  was  simply  to  f  irce  the  i.^^sue.  It  was  a  small 
battle, — two  men  killed  in  the  first  skirmish, — and  the  whole  day's  transaction?, 
blood}-  as  they  were,  not  footing  up  to  the  loss  of  a  'skirmish  in  the  last  war;  and 
yet  it  g^ve  fcirth  to  a  nation  vast  and  so  grand  that  if  1  were  to  stop  one  moment  to 
survey  what  has  since  ti-anspircl,  I  should  want  more  time  to  give  the  results  of  the 
19th  of  April.  Why,  gentlemen,  we  were  three  millions  of  people  then.  The  house* 
of  representatives,  to-day,  has  more  than  two-thirds  of  its  members  taken  fi-om  be- 
yond the  countrj'  where  the  foot  of  man  up  ti  that  day  had  never  trodden,  except 
tho.se  of  adventurers.  -More  than  two-thirds  of  the  entire  hnuso  of  representatives 
comes  from  a  land  then  undreamed  of  for  .settlement.  The  day  that  gun  was  fired 
across  the  bridge,  there  did  not  exist  on  the  American  continent  50,000  settlers  from 
tide  water.  It  was  a  narrow  rim  of  people  strctelung  from  Maine  t)  Louisiana,  and 
the  people  had  not  peuetrated  the  continent  at  all.  All  this  has  tliwed  as  surely  as 
consequence  ioHows  cause,  from  the  i.'luw  that  was  struck  that  day  in  the  small  fig'it 
at  Concord  bridge.     Gentlemen,  to  refer  to  that  battle  again,  or  even  to  attempt  to 


1875.]  Proceedhifjs  in  Concord,  April  19,  1875.  471 

pick  lip  a  =ing]e  crnmb  from  tho  tahle  at  which  tvc  have  fed  so  buiinte.)Uply  to-day,  . 
wuuld  be  a  ^s•M^k  of  .Supcrero:^atiun,  if  not  an  iiQpos.^ibility.  All  that  remains  to  u?, 
al-  thiit  Cfin  re.'naiu  lu  u-%is  to  .-^ee  that  a  liuurlrcd  years  bonfo  wo  may  bi;  nuieui'croi 
as  hunorably  as  those  w!)ns.i  df.-eds  we  this  day  oeli.  laacc.  It  nii;^hc  possibly  have 
ixon  a  uuttVr  ot  doubt  with  us,  but  for  tlie  late  terrible  experience  of  this  C')iintry, 
wlitLher  ■>■.•,'  Liid  I'ui.-.  --.um.-  iiufuic  p'-ople  t!iat  they  had  ;  but  hiiitpilyout  of  the.crreat 
o-rioiance  ami  the -threat  Dii.-ery  and  suiTfriiig  uf  our  own  time,  we  know  that  their 
d  •sceriuinrs  b.avc  not  «;"own  le=^  stron:,'  in  arm  or  Ic-^s  dauntless  in  In^irt  than  those 
who  fuu^'h.t  f.ir  us  then.  It  remains  for  us  tlien  to  transmit  tu  th  isr  wh()  ome  after 
us  a  record  in  the  line  of  civil  duty,  in  the  line  of  prestrvinij  that  f)r  which  that 
generation  and  our  own  have  b'tli  iouLdit,  that  was  neijuoatlie'I  to  ouir  dobcendantd 
to  the  remotest  generations,  the  blessings  which  nothing  but  public  fidelity  and  per- 
sonal courage  can  secure  to  any  people. 

The  Chairman, — I  propose  to  present  things  on  this  occasion  in  a  somewhat  orderly 
and  me£h(^];oal  manner  :  and  I  c-all  to  mind  that  we  arc  honored  l)y  the  presence  to- 
day of  a  representative  of  the  bluod  of  Paul  Kevere,  and  that  memory,  as  you  all 
remember,  belongs  to  the  night  betore  and  very  early  in  the  morning,  and  before 
either  Lexingtonor  Concord  awoke.  I  give  you  as  a  sentiment, — "  Paul  Kcvere  s 
Kide." 

"  A  hnrry  of  hoofs  in  the  villape  street, 
A  shap'e  in  tiie  inoouhght,  a  bulk  in  the  dark; 
And  beneath,  from  the  pebbles,  in  passing,  a  spark 
Struck  out  bv  a  steed  tearless  and  tieer. 

Th''.t  was  through  all !  ami  yet,  throngh  the  gloom  and  the  light, 
The  fue  of  ;H  nnrion  was  ridinc  that  nicht: 
And  the  spark  strucK  out  t>y  that  steed  in  his  flight, 
Kindled  the  bad  into  flame  with  its  heat." 

I  ask  the  grandson  of  Pan!  Revere  to  stand  up  and  let  us  see  him.  He  don't  make 
speeches  any  more  than  his  grandfather  did. 

Mr.  John  Revere  stood  up  and  was  greeted  with  three  cheers. 

The  Chairman, — First  of  tliose  who  are  in  our  memories  of  that  day  we  celebrate, 
are  the  martyrs  on  Lexincr'-on  Common.  Their  deeds,  their  immort-al  fame,  is  now 
being  worthily  celebrated  by  our  neighbors  and  their  descendants  at- Lexington.  I 
give  you  the 

"  Martyrs  on  Lexington  Common,  Parker,  Munroe,  Iladley,  the  Harringtons. 
Muzzey  and  Brown," — 

"  With  ns  their  memory  shall  live 
Through  long  succeeding  years, 
Erabarmed  in  all  our  hearts  can  give, — 
Our  praises  and  our  tears." 

Fello  v-citizens :  No  one  from  Lexington  can  be  found  here  to-day  to  respond  to 
this  sentiment,  as  I  suppose  no  one  from  Concord  could  be  found  at  Lexington  to 
acknowledge  the  courtesies  extended  to  us.  So  be  it.  The  legacy  of  glory  will  go 
round,  and  is  never  full ;  but  I  thought  it  fit  and  have  sent,  in  your  name,  a  mes- 
sage to  Lexington  from  Concurd  to  this  effect  : 

"  Concord  sends  greeting  to  Lexington  on  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the 
glorious  morning,  by  the  hands  of  the  President  of  the  Lnited  States.  The  great 
republic,  wh<ise  thirty-seven  states  span  the  continent  from  ocean  t:)  ocean,  is  the 
harvest  of  which  the  seed  was  sown  on  the  19th  of  April,  1775." 

And  next  in  memory  are 

"The  men  who  were  first  to  fall  at.the  North  Bridge  in  Concord,  Captain  Isaac 
Davis,  and  Abner  Hosmer  a  private  of  his  company  of  minute-men  of  Acton  ;  the 
first  to  lay  down  their  lives  in  organized  military  attack  upon  the  soldiers  of  Great 
Britain  in  the  revolutionary  war,  the  grateful  country  for  whose  liberties  they  died 
accords  to  them  the  foremost  place  upon  her  roll  of  honor." 

I  invite  the  Rev.  Mr.  Wood  of  Acton  to  respond  on  behalf  of  that  town.  Mr. 
Wood  spoke  as  follows  : 

I  fully  appreciate  the  honor  done  me  on  this  memorable  occasion  in  being  per- 
mitted in  the  name  of  the  tiiivn  of  Acton  to  respond  ;o  this  toast.  But  wit.hout 
wasting  words,  when  time  is  most  precious,  who  were  the  men  whose  names  appear 


472  Pi'oceedhirjs  in  Concord,  April  10,  1875.  [Oct. 

in  the  toast  just  pre?fntcd?  No  bettor  replj'  can  be  siven  than  that  which  is  fuun<l 
in  this  sentimf.'iit..  'Hu-y  Avere  citizrn  >oliiers  of  Actun  and  pn'Vim'ial  niiuiif^'-muM, 
who  one  hundrt-J  j'eh/s  a::cu  Co-day  dernoiiMrdlcd  the  quality  ot  their  patrioii.-;ji  liy 
being  tl\c  lir.-:t  to  lay  down  their  lives  in  a  reirularlj-  nr:raniwd  defence  of  tlieir 
country  in  just  ri-^litd  airainst  thecncroachniPnt-'aof 'ireat  Uritaiii.  Tlie  urator  of  tlio 
day  b*"- d.jiiV  L-:iou  uiujiicju^iioe  to  the  causes  wliich  led  to  the  revolution,  vvhicii 
had  itH  real  beginninjr  one  hundred  years  a'jio,  tliat  to  add  to  it  would  be  tfuperSuoLis. 
I  will  siinply  say,  it  iV  very  evident  Uiat  the  t  )V.-n  of  Acton  wa?  alive  to  tiic  iin- 
portaiice  of  passing  events  from  the  fact  that  in  17T0  and  again  iu  1772  her  citizens, 
in  town  meetini!;  a.--einb!ed,  passed  most  emphatic  resolutions  in  remonstrance  to 
the  op[)ressive  policy  of  the  ikitinh  niiidetry.  That  the  town  of  Acton  w;i>;  at  least 
abreast  of  the  patriotic  sentiment  of  the  time,  is  also  proven  hy  the  fact  that  one 
hundred  yearsago  to-uay  she  had  three  military  companies  thorou:;h!y  drilled,  ready 
for  immediate  action, — iJrilled,  too,  at  the  expense  of  the  town,  though  this  t'jwo 
■was  then  poor,  in  cveryt'unu'  hut  patriotism.  In  those  companies  tliere  were  en- 
rolled nearly  one  hundred  and  fifty  men.  though  the  population  of  t!ie  town  wa-<  but 
little  over  half  a  thoujan  1.  in  these  days  every  one  in  Aeton  who  was  ahje  to  carry 
a  sun  was  a  si'ldier,  and  before  the  day  was  over  had  a  part  in  the  achievements 
■wBicii  are  to-day  celebrated.  One  of  these  companies  was  a  ciioiee  one  of  minutc- 
meii,  under  the  command  of  Captaiu  Isaac  Davis,  a  fit  leader  for  such  a  company  of 
men,  courageous  and  beloved.  lie  was  in  the  flush  of  early  manhi>)d,  being  only 
thirty  years  old.  thouL'h  the  father  of  fiur  children,  all  of  w!iom  were  sick  ou  the 
morning  of  the  eventful  day.  Abner  llosmcr,  a  young  man  of  twenty-three  and  s.^n 
of  a  revered  deacon  in  the  Cont!Tegatiom\i  churcii,  was  a  member  of  Davis's  com- 
pany. In  accord  with  the  recommendation  of  the  Provincial  Congress,  the  Acton 
companies  had  drinof'  '•f^'-'-.rly  duiing  tiie  previous  winter  and  spring.  It  is 
proOaniy  the  case,  howcTer,  tliat  very  few  of  them  thought  a  tilt  of  arms  with  t!ie 
troops  of  King  fieor^'c  was  really  imminent.  But  one  hundred  years  ago  this  morn- 
ing, befoie  da.vn,  hours  before  the  iJntisIi  entered  Concord,  a  horseman,  whose 
name  was  never  known,  rode  at  full  speed  up  to  the  house  of  Captain  Roljbins,  tlie 
commander  of  a  militia  company,  the  commi'^sioned  officers  of  Acton,  who  lived 
nearest  the  North  bridiro,  aiid  with  a  heavy  club,  as  it  seemed  to  those  within, 
.struck  the  corner  of  the  iiouse.  and  cried  a,t  the  top  of  his  voice,  "  Captain  Robbins  ! 
Captaiu  Robbins  I  rp  I  up  I  the  regulars  have  come  to  Concord;  quick  as  possible, 
alarm  Acton  I  "  In  a  very  few  minutes  the  eon  of  Captain  Robbins,  a  mere  lad,  was 
on  horseback  and  hastening  to  the  house  of  Captain  Davis,  who  commandt-d  the 
minnte-raen,  with  tlie  thrilling  message,  so  mysteriously  given  ;  and  he.  though  his 
childrt:n  were  sick,  in  an  incredibly  short  time  had  his  company  together,  ready  for 
the  march  to  Concord.  Time  does  not  permit  me  even  to  refer  to  what  took  place 
as  the  brave  leader  and  his  men  set  forth  upon  their  perilous  naarch.  I  will  only 
say  that  his  wliole  manner,  as  he  went  forth,  carried  a  presentiment  that  be  should 
never  return  alive.  At  this  point  allow  me  to  quote  the  words  of  a  poet  who  has 
attempted  to  portray  the  scene  in  ver.se  : — 

"  Then  on  the  children  of  tins  man,  t'le  flames 
Of  fever  fed,  wasting  their  fecl)le  frames. 
His  wife  wa>  worn  with  watehiii::  o'er  tlieir  bed. 
'  '  And  mnst  tboa  leave  tlie-^e  chiKlren  thus,'  she  said, — 

'  Bnt  we've  a  Guardian, — I'll  not  ^toi)  thee,  no ; 
Thy  country  calls  thee  :  God  is  with  thee.  £^0  !' 
'  Oiiard  well  the-^e  children  !'  is  his  iirief  reply, — 
.  A  tear-drop  standing' in  the  father's  eye; 
"When  Acton's  mimttc-meu  to  Concord  sped 
In  m.artial  order,— Davis  at  their  head." 

So  cnercetically  did  Captain  Davis  enter  into  the  spirit  of  his  work,  and  .so 
promptly  did  his  men  respond  to  his  call,  that  at  nine  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  this 
glorious  day,  he  havl  his  cvimpany  marshalled  in  line  of  battle  with  the  provincial 
troops  ne:  ,r  the  old  North  Bridge. 

Hero  let  me  quote  a  part  of  the  inscription  upon  the  stately  monument  which 
stands  near  my  home  on  Acton  Common,  over  the  aslics  of  the  three  citizens  of 
Acton,  who  fell  mortally  wounded  one  hunilred  years  ago  to-day. 

This  monument  was  erected  >iy  the  State  of  ^la?.«achusett3  and  the  town  of  Acton 
as  a  tribute  to  the  memory  of  the-^e  heroic  men. 

In  the  inscription  upon  this  monument  ap[)ear  these  words  ; — 


1S75.]  Proceedings  in  Concord,  April  19,  1875.  473 

"  On  the  mnrninor  of  tli;rt  eventful  day,  the  provinoinl  ofTl  .'era  hcM  n  council  of  war 
rear  the  olJ  Nurth  liriii-e  in  Coaeord  ;  and  as  tliey  scpaniteil  iJavi.s  exflaimed,  'I 
haven't  a  luaii  t!iat  id  aiiaid  tti  'jyi  V  and  ia)nicuiaU'!y  iiiarrli.  il  Ids  ci^injiany  fpjni  the 
left  to  the  ri^rht  of  the  line,  and  led  in  tlie  tir.st  ori;anized  attaek  upon  the  troops  of 
(^teorire  III.,  in  thnr  ?)ienir,rnhlrt -war,  which,  l)y  the  hi-lj)  of  (iod,  made  the  thirteen 
C'ilonie9ind'.'per?dcnt  of  Oreac  Britain,  and  gave  political  Iwing  to  the  L'nited  Statei 
of  Amerioa." 

I  quote  t'jcsc  words  especially  as  an  autliorizcd  encomium  upon  the  eorviccH  of 
Captain  Davis. 

I  am  happy  that  to-day  there  is  present  on  this  occasion  the  son  of  one  of  Ca[)tain 
Davis's  Cuinivauy,  wiio  proved  witliout  a  doubt  that  his  father's  jjatriot  blood  still 
flows  in  his  veins,  by  pdnsx  tlirough  Ualtimore  with  the  Acton  company,  under  t'ne 
lead  of  Captain  Danfef  luttle,  in  the  glorious  old  sixth  reijiuient.  wliiuh,  in  tliat 
baptism  of  blood,  covered  it-^elf  with  Cfiory  on  the  lOtli  of  April,  l^tjl,  no  less  than 
did  their  fathers  on  the  19th  of  Aiiril,  1775.  'JVuly  the  soul  of  Caj'tain  Davis  was 
inarching  on  in  this  goodly  company  of  Acton.  This  man  before  mentioned,  —  Mr. 
Luke  Smith,— wh.ose  father  fought  at  the  old  Nonh  Bridge,  has  gone  over  the 
ground  about  this  sacred  spot  with  his  father,  and  heard  from  his  lips  the  thrilling 
story  which  is  told  in  a  few  words  upon  the  monument. 

I  would  be  the  last  to  detract  from  the  courage  of  any  of  those  who  were  engaged 
in  the  moveiiient  in  which  the  AcLon  men  held  the  post  of  danger.  They  M-ere  all 
of  them  men  of  stout  hearts,  lineal  descendants  of  the  ])uritans,  wlio,  when  in  the 
way  of  duty,  like  John  Knox,  "Feared  not  the  face  of  man."  Others  will  recount 
their  praises — to  me  it  is  given  to  speak  simply  for  the  men  of  Acton.  Captain 
Davis  wpa  th"  v.-inncest  oonnnandr'r  of  miniite-nien.  As  men  aiivapc(!  in  years  they 
become  more  cautious.  For  t!ie  very  reason  that  Davis  was  the  youngest  captain, 
and  had  a  c-jmpany  of  picked  men,  it  might  be  expected,  without  disi)aragiug  the 
courage  of  any  <-'ne,  tliat  he  ^vould  Sfieak  hrst  as  a  volunteer,  with  his  men,  to  take 
the  post  of  greatest  danger. 

The  orator  of  the  day  has  portrayed  to  us  what  it  was  to  lead  in  the  attack  one 
hundred  years  ago  this" morning.  It  was  to  take  a  step  which,  though  long  talked 
of  and  threatened,  had  not  really  yet  been  taken.  It  was  to  cease  to  be  mere  remon- 
strants and  to  become  rebels.  It  was  to  risk  themselves,  not  simply  for  the  perila 
of  battle,  bat  the  ignominy  of  the  scalibld.  Major  Battriek,  Captain  Davis,  Colonel 
Robinson  and  the  Acton  minute-men  led  the  column  o(  provincial  soldiers  as  they 
took  this  position.  At  the  first  fire  from  the  enemy,  the  lifer  of  the  Acton  company 
was  wounded,  arid  at  the  tirst  volley,  Captain  Davis,  in  the  act  of  raising  his  gun  to 
take  aim,  was  shot  and  instantly  killed.  His  blood  gushed  out  in  one  great  stream  ; 
it  drenched  his  clothes,  and  these  shoe-buckles  which  I  hold  in  my  hand,  and  fell  as 
a  baptism  of  patriotism  upon  some  of  the  comrades  who  stood  near.  Abncr  llosmer, 
a  member  of  his  company,  fell  at  tlie  same  volley.  But  these  men  did  not  die  in 
vain.  No  !  no  !  The  mantle  of  their  patriotism  fell  upon  their  feihnv-soldiere,  and 
before  the  &un  went  down  the  arrogant  servants  of  a  t>'rannical  king  learned  to 
appreciate  the  might  of  even  yeoman  soldiers  when  committed  to  the  dt.lence  of  a 
righteous  cause.  Members  of  Davis's  company  were  in  many  of  the  battles  of  tlie 
revolution,  and  one  of  those  upon  whom  Davis's  blood  fell,  went  through  the  whule 
war,  and  said  that  wherever  he  went  he  seemed  to  see  that  blood  upon  his  clothes, 
urging  him  to  do  his  duty. 

As  citizens  of  Acton,  we  enter  into  the  spirit  of  this  occasion  most  heartily. 
IMost  fitting  is  it  that  we  should  eulogize  the  courage  of  those  men  who,  one  hundred 
years  ago, 

"  Fired  the  shot  heard  round  the  world." 

Fitting  it  is  that  a  monument  should  mark  the  spot  where  these  heroes  fought  and 
fell.  And  as  the  citizens  of  Acton  were  alive  to  a  sen^e  of  their  duty  and  active  in 
the  performance  of  it  on  the  19th  of  April,  1775,  and  again  on  the  19th  of  April, 
1S61,  .so  we  trust  that  in  love  of  country  and  devotion  to  her  defence  we  ever  may 
prove  ourselves  to  be  not  unworthy  descendants  or  townsmen  ol  those  whose  memo- 
ries we  honor  on  this  occasion,  which  is  in  itself  memorable. 

The  Chairman,— I  am  going  to  read  to  you  a  paper  which  fell  into  our  hand3.  It 
tells  a  story  to  the  Amoncau  heart  more  touching  than  anything  to  be  drawn  from 
ancient  history;  and  the  Oeautiful  simplicity  of  the  style  should  make  it  claA~ic. 
When  in  her  extreme  old  age  the  widow" of  Captain  Isaac  Davis,  who  full  at  the 

VOL.    XIIX.  41 


474  Proceedings  in  Concord,  xlpril  19,  1875.  [Oct. 

iioitb  hriilLre.  •was  scekinc;  to  obtuin  frnm  cjni;r<.'^s  a  pen-^ion  for  her  husband's  I 
pcrvice  on  tiiat  (i'.iy,  her  (.lcjj.'i>ition  ^vas  tak'.-n  iui'J  bIic  tol'l  x\\\*  etorv  under  oalli.  j 
I'll  try  to  sot  tiirungli  v/ich  it,  bat  1  i.ovcv  did  yet  withoiit  breaking  down  : 

"  I,  Hannah  Lci^rbron  of  Acton,  testify  that  I  am  eicrhty-ninc  years  of  age.  Isaac 
Davis,  who  vn^  killcl  in  the  Ci>ncovd  fiu'bt,  in  I77;>,  was  my  hufband.  IIu  ■\va.s 
thtin  thircy  years  of  r.^^e.  We  had  four  cliiidren,  tlic  yourig-bt  about  fifteen  uionths 
old.  Thi  y  were  all  u'swcll  when  he  left  mo  in  the  morninir,  soiue  of  them  with  the 
canker  ra-h.  Tho  alarm  waa  ii:i\eii  early  in  t!ie  iiiorniiii^,  and  luy  husbvuid  lust  no 
time  in  making  ready  to  fjo  to  Gmoord  with  his  p;im)iany.  A  cuusiderable  number 
of  them  came  to  the  liou^e  and  made  their  cp.rtridges  there.  The  sun  was  from  <mc 
to  two  hours"  hiirh  wdien  they  marched  for  Concord,  My  husband  said  but  littlo 
that  morning.  He  Foenied  serious  and  tlioui^htful,  but  never  seemed  to  hesitate  as 
to  the  course  of  his  duty.  As  he  led  the  company  from  t!ie  house  he  turned  round 
and  seemed  to  have  sjmethinL;  to  eommauicate.  He  only  said,  'Take  good  care  of 
the  cluiJren,'  and  was  soon  out  of  sight.  In  the  aiterncon  he  was  brought  hume  a 
corpse.  Ho  wa--  pi  u:ed  iu  my  bedroom  till  the  funeral.  His  countenance  was 
pleasant,  and  seemed  little  altered.  The  bodies  of  Abner  Hosmer,  one  of  the  Com- 
pany, and  of  James  Heywood.  one  of  the  nulitia  company  who  was  killed  in 
Lexington  in  the  afternoon,  were  brought  by  their  friends  to  the  house,  where  the 
funeral  of  the  three  was  attended.  Hannah  Leiohton." 

Undoubtedly,  fellow-citizens,  every  one  of  the  three  towns  whoso  inhabitants 
participated  in  the  19th  of  April,  1775,  would  have  a  story  to  tell,  and  would  desire 
that  the  heroes  of  their  own  neighborhoods  should  receive  particular  honor.  We 
cannot;  the  time  will  not  suffice  to  reud.n-  the  tribute  to  them  in  detail  and  succes- 
si'^"  ^'""*' ■■".■:  v.^^id  ^IdUiy  do.  in  other  towns,  among  kindred  and  descendants, 
their  memories  and  paraes  are  cherislied  ;  but  the  names  of  Lexington  and  Coneord 
must  sufiiee  for  all.  On  the  battle  ground  from  the  North  Bridge  to  Charlestown 
Xeck,  tiii=>  men  of  the  Massachusetts  t»wns  in  arms  did  their  duty  and  finished  their 
work.  \^e  have  been  lionored  to-day  by  the  preser.ce  of  ttic  chief  executive  magis- 
trate of  the  commonwealth,  of  his  Council,  of  the  legislature  and  a  large  number  of 
high  olScers  of  the  state ;  with  our  entire  consent,  that  a  due  measure  of  the  dis- 
tinction of  their  o-ffi'jial  presence  might  be  civen  to  the  celebration  at  Lexington, 
they  have  left  us  to  Join  with  our  friends  in  that  town  in  their  solemn  ceremonies. 
But  I  invite  to  respond,  on  behalf  ot  the  state  of  Massachusetts  on  this  occasion,  our 
senior  senator,  George  S.  JBoutwell,  whom  I  am  happy  to  see  at  our  table. 

Mr.  Boutwell  responded  as  follows:  Mr.  President,  ladies  and  gentlemen:  The 
events  which  we  commemorate  to-day  I  had  occasion  to  consider  a  quarter  of  a  century 
ago.  One  fact, was  not  in  the  eulogies  of  the  town  of  Acton,  of  wliich  so  much  and 
so  justly  has  been  said,  and  1  venture  to  reproduce  it,  because  it  is  a  great  fact  in 
her  history,  and  a  great  fact  in  tiie  history  of  the  republic.  In  June,  1776,  when 
Maryland  debated  whether  she  would  niiree  to  the  declaration  of  independence,  Acton 
in  town-meeting  assembled,  first  of  all  oriranized  communities  on  tliis  continent. 
declared  for  the  American  republic,  and  said  upon  record,  "  This  is  the  only  form  of 
government  we  desire  to  see  established."  I  pass  not  in  review  any  of  the  facts  of 
the  contest  which  began  on  the  19th  of  April,  1775.  The  19th  day  of  April,  1775,  is 
ranked  justly  with  the  great  days  of  American  history.  Its  honors  cannot  be 
divided  ;  its  right  to  a  preeminence  over  all  days  but  the  Fourth  of  July,  1773,  is 
unquestionable.  It  stand-  alone,  and,  like  t.he  F(jurth  of  July,  1776.  it  has  no  rivals. 
But  its  claim  to  equality  with  the  Fourth  of  July  is  not  due  to  the  facts  that  occurred 
on  that  day.  The  deed  drme  at  Lexinrrton  was  continued  to  Concord  and  Charles- 
town.  Three  municipalities  contended  for  the' honor  and  giory  of  the  day,  and  to 
these  municipalities  the  honor  and  glory  of  tlie  day  specially,  and  we  may  say 
chiefly,  belong.  But  we  are  to  consider,  whatever  may  be  the  share  of  each,  that 
to  each  enough  justly  belongs  t>  lead  all  succeeding  generations  to  cherish  and 
improve  and  defend  the  institutions  of  the  country  to  wiiich  their  ancestors  in  the 
beginning  contributed  so  much.  But  we  should  remember  that  the  judgment  of 
history  wiil  never  regard  any  act  as  great  or  noble  e.xeept  it  had  its  origin  in  right 
principles  and  virtuous  purposes;  and  the  men  of  1776  must  always  in  history  be 
brought  to  that  test,  and  that  test  they  can  stand.  Their  political  opinions  and 
their  purposes  were  no  secret.  The  political  life  of  Massachusetts  was  open.  For 
a  long  period,  for  ten  years,  the  Massaoiu-setts  house  of  representatives  in  its 
controver-y  with  the  provincial  governor  had  by  convincing  statements  and  unan- 
swerable arguments  set  forth  the  purposes  of  the  coloniots.    The  town  of  Boston  in 


1875.]  Proceedings  in  Concord,  Aiiril  19,  1875.  475 

its  7>ublic  meetings  Ir.icl  rleelared  the  inain  ol^ject  of  the  men  engai^ed  in  the  con- 
lrovcr-;y  ;  and  the  old  county  of  .Mid'Ue-cx,  I>y  its  rf;»vr~riit;'.livf>s  in  (.'uncrd  in 
Juno,  177-1, —  and  never  hotter  than  tiie  uld  county  of  Middlr.-i^x  in  that  convention, 
—  the  principles  and  thi;  purposes  of  the  colonists  wore  distin(.'tly  -^et  forth.  They 
Avcrc  fii'-t  and.  ch:  'Jy  :::  (.:;c  ;cntcnee,  —  that  they  were  KiiLdislmicn  and  had  t;ie 
rights  and  ]ibcrti';s  of  Eiiglishmen.  But  more  than  this,  tliey  litid  the  ri:,'iits  and 
liborries  of'  F.ng!i>hmeT:,  not  only  because  tiu-y  were  Enirlishuien,  hut  f  )r  the  higher 
and  hctcei  reason  that  :iiey  were  men,  —  tirat  t!iey  were  uien.  In  other  a:;es  of  the 
■world  men  had  engaged  in  tiie  overthrow  of  governments  becuise  they  were 
oppressive  and  tyrannical ;  hut  for  the  tirst  time,  and  it  is  the  glory  of  our  aucc-itors, 
for  the  iirsc  time  in  the  history  of  tlie  wndd,  men  ennagod  in  revdution  for  lilicrty 
because  it  was  liberty,  and  because  it  was  the  right  of  men.  And  thic;  is  the 
distinguishing  characteristic  of  tlie  contest  in  which  our  ancesturs  eiiL'-aged,  and  it 
was  in  a  war  of  liberty  tliat  the  shot  tired  at  CVnicord  was  heard  round  the  wurM, 
and  the  echoes  sliall  never  cease  to  disturb  the  dreams  of  tyrants  until  liljeriy.  as 
the  common  right  of  man,  is  possessed  of  all  !  And  thhs  it  is  that  makes  the  I'Jth 
of  April,  1775,  illustrious  ;  and  this  it  is  that  has  made  that  day  memorable  fjr  a 
century  in  the  traditioncs  and  annals  of  a  thoughtful  people; 

The  Chairman, — Thank  God,  fellow-cirizcns,  that  the  sun  of  the  hundredth  anni- 
versary of  the  19ch  of  April,  1775,  throughuut  our  broad  land  has  neither  risen  upon 
a  master,  nor  will  it  set  upon  a  slave.  1  am  not  to  remind  you  that  the  pe.»ple  of 
New-England  were  ready  fur  the  occurrences  of  the  lyth  of  April,  whenever  they 
should  happen,  for  a  lung  time  previous.  It  may  not  be  known  to  many  of  you  that 
it  i^  on  h;=«-,A'v->ii  f<i/^f  «-'>T*-  t|>,^-o  ivas  ^  f'"l^e  ab-  -i  w'lich  cr,n;o  preuy  a-jar  brinsriuir 
on  the  19th  of  April  at  a  much  pleasantcr  gef.son  of  the  y-ear,  when  we  shouldn't 
have  been  so  chilly  in  celebrating  it.  Governor  Gage  seized  part  of  the  provincial 
stores  which  were  deposited  in  the  edge  of  Gharlestuwn,  up  near  Vrincer  liill,  on 
the  first  of  April,  177-1.  Tlie  fact  that  he  had  seized  the  pov,-dcr  was  cireuiated 
through  the  city  and  through  the  adjoining  states.  And  what  happened'.'  Sin- 
gularly enough,  almost  as  if  prophetic,  the  report  accompanied  the  notice  tiiat  the 
soldiers  had  fired  upon  the  people  and  killed  sis  of  them. 

"The  militia  of  Worcester  i)eg:'.n," — 1  read  from  the  historian  of  America.— 
"  hearirg  of  the  removal  of  the  powder  belonging  to  the  provinces,  rose  in  arois  and 
began  marching  to  Boston."  On  Friday  atteruvun  and  Saturday  morning  the  volun- 
teers from  Hampshire  began  advancing,  to  meet  others  from  Shrewsbury.  On  the 
emalicst  computation  20,000  men  were  under  arms.  The  runun"  readied  Israel  Put- 
nam, in  Coiinccticut,  with  the  addition  that  the  British  troops  and  men-of-war  liad 
fired  and  killed  six  men  at  the  first  shot.  Sending  forward  the  re[)ort  to  Norwich, 
New-Lindon,  New-llaven,  New- York  and  Philadelphia,  he  summoned  the  neigh- 
boring militia  to  take  up  arms.  Thousands  started  at  the  call.  But  these  volun- 
teers were  stopiped  by  expresses  from  the  patriots  of  Bost<>n,  who  sent  word  that  at 
present  nothing  was  to  be  attempted. 

In  this  connection  I  desire  to  remind  you  that  on  this  national  occasion  we  are 
honored  by  the  presence  of  all  the  irovernors  of  the  New-England  states.  The 
governor  of  South  Carolina  has  been  wTth  us  to-day,  and  I  am  sorry  he  isn't  present 
now  to  address  you.     lie  has  gone  to  Lexington.     But  I.  will  invite  the  honored 

fovernor  of  the  State  of  Connecticut,  whose  citizens  were  really,  under  (general 
'utnara,  to  respond  with  such  alacrity  a  hundred  years  ago.  to  let  us  kn')w  that 
that  state  joins  in  sharing  the  glor^'  of  the  opening  of  the  revolution.  Allow  me  to 
present  to  the  audience  Governor  Ingersoll  of  Connecticut. 

Governor  Ingersoll  said  :  — 

Mr.  President  and  Gentlemen  :  T  am  at  a  loss  for  a  phrase  fittingly  to  acknowledge 
the  honor  which  v'our  distinguished  chairman  has  done  my  state,  and  the  response 
■which  you  have  given  to  it.  It  is  some  comfurt,  however,  to  know  tliat  one  Massa- 
chusetts man  speaks  in  praise  of  Connecticut,  and  that  he  receives  some  portion  of 
his  reward  as  he  goes  along  ;  for  his  praise  of  Connecticut  reflects  upon  Massachu- 
setts, whose  child  she  was.  The  three  vines  which  I  see  yonder,  and  whi.'h  fur 
nearly  two  centuries  and  a  half  have  typified  a  fruitful  existence,  are  only  th.e  off- 
shoots  of  tliat  parent  vine  which  was  j)lauted  when  the  heathen  were  cast  out  from 
Massachusetts  Bay.  You  know  how,  Mr.  Chairman,  those  utfshouts  came  to  sl.oot 
off.  It  was  a  Lmg  time  after  the  promised  land  in  tlie  valley  ut  the  Connecticut  was 
discovered,  befjro  i!ie  restless  colonists  could  ma.;k^  up  their  minds  to  emigrate. 
The  mother  colony  was  very  strongly  averse  to  saca  a  secession,  and  for  many 


476  Proceedings  in  Concord,  April  19,  1875.  [Oct. 

month?  of  pmyerful  \\-orryiticr,  the  question  hiinn;  in  the  scales,  until  fm'illy  nn  evrnt 
oocurvfij  %vi!icl'  (••,1l.^e'l  tlii- ni';il<  s  to  ki''k  tie  l)C;iiti.  'I'l;;-  <M.-iitn'.l  C'n.rr  of  M;!>^>-n- 
(.•hus.:t'..7  ivs.jIv.m'i  i\v.\\  tliey  sl,oi;;i'>  nut  s-t,  umJ  iiein^  cMliIrcn  of  M;\K>^no!;ii>rtts,  ^vi:y, 
of  cuarbe,  nothiii,'  clr-e  was  netiled  to  dcttriiiine  therji  t(;  <^i\.  And  they  vent.  And 
then  pairacious  Mnpfnclui^-'-tts,  ■svini!  she  Coiuvl  that  they  were  deteniiin<  d  on  goinir, 
res>'lvctl  i'l  her  (<t.'iicral  (.'ourt  that  they  might  iro.  pruviiitd  only  they  would  remain 
under  thejnrisdiction  of  her  Geinyra!  Lourt.  Tlic  only  rtply  that  was  ever  made  to 
tiiat  was  the  vote  wliicli  fruui  that  day  to  thi.'i  has  remained  as  the  corner-stone  of 
the  o-overument  of  Connecticut : — 

"  We  have  ebtablislicd  a  Comraonwenlth  the  supreme  power  of  which,  under  Al- 
mighty (jod,  is  in  the  frt-emen  of  her  (ieneral  Court." 

It  was  the  tir.<t  declaration  of  independence  on  thi.s  continent  ;  it  was  givin?  a 
constitutional  c,'overnment.  as  we  understand  a  Constitutional  government  in  modern 
times.  And,  Mr.  President,  that  has  a  signiiioanee  for  this  occa'-ion  ;  for  when  old 
mother  Massachusetts  found  her  trouhle'H  gathering  thick  and  f;:st  ahout  her,  one 
hundred  years  ago,  she  fmind  at  her  right  hand  this  rebel  oiVspring,  equipped  as  no 
other  government  in  the  British  colonies  was  equipped,  with  a  government  all  her 
own,  with  a  treasury  of  her  own  keejjing,  with  a  militia  subject  to  hero^vn  orders; 
and  back  of  all  a  body  of  freemen  instinctive  with  an  inherited  feeling  of  inde- 
pendence. In  all  generations  we  have  seen  patriotic  uprisings,  hut  we  have  seen 
nothing  equal  to  what  occurred  in  Connecticut,  of  which  mention  has  been  so 
touehingly  made  by  your  president,  when  the  tiiiincrs  came  of  a  false  alarm  th.at-  the 
British  general  had  seized  upon  your  town.  Fully  one-half  of  the  arms-bearine 
population  of  Connecticut  were  on  the  roads  leading  to  Mfis.?achu6etts  Lay.  Ana 
when  the  tidinirs  Mnally  came  in  truth  th'it  hlood  had  been  .^j^illed  in  the  streets  of 
youi  village,  why  every  function  of  the  government  of  Connecticut  was  set  in  motion. 
Her  governor  sec  the  militia  at  work,  and  within  eighteen  hours  from  the  tiiue  that 
Putnam,  then  n/ijor-g^neral  of  our  militia,  heard  the  tidings  at  Pomfret,  a  hundred 
miles  away,  he  was  in  the  streets  of  Concord.  ^lore  than  that,  from  the  treasury  of 
Connecticut  was  then  organized  that  e.xpedition  which  struck  the  first  airgrcssive  blow 
against  the  power  of  Great  Britain,  and  which  brought  down  the  power  of  Ticonderoga 
and  Crown  Point  in  the  name  of  the  great  Jehovah.  "Wherefore  it  is.  ]\lr.  President, 
that  this  dav  is  historic  in  the  annals  of  Connecticut,  as  it  is  in  the  annals  of  ^Jassa- 
chusetts.  It  commenced  with  us  a  period  from  which  for  many  anxious  years  it  waa 
the  bu^iness  of  Connecticut  to  fight  for  the  accomplishment  of  that  great  seminal 
principle  of  Xew-En^land  political  life,  the  right  of  self-government.  "Th.at  was  the 
gift  which  America  has  given  to  tfie  nineteenth  century.  At  the  close  of  that  century 
that  great  principle  rules  the  civilized  world  to-day.  Wherever  you  may  look, 
whatever  may  be  the  form  of  government,  ])ublic  opinion,  whether  expres.sed  in  the 
ballot  or  by  any  of  the  mauifbld  agencies  of  modern  civilization,  rules  t<>day  every 
government  upon  the  globe.  ^Ir.  President,  it  is  pardonable  upon  an  occasion  of 
this  sort,  if  we  indulge  in  vain  glory  ;  1  feel  that  I  have  abused  my  privilege,  but, 
BIT.  I  thank  you  for  the  kind  attention. 

After  music  by  the  band,  Governor  Peck  of  Vermont  was  introduced  and  spoke 
for  his  State,  hoping  that  whatever  eNe  might  betide  she  would  be  true  to  the 
motto  on  her  state  seal,  "  Freedom  and  Unity,"  from  Ticonderoga  and  Crown  Point. 
He  thanked  them  heartily  for  the  courtesy  extended  to  himself  and  other  gentlemen 
from  his  state,  while  at  the  Concord  tiijht. 

New-Hampshire,  whose  S'^ns  were  on  their  way  to  Concord  before  night  of  the 
nineteenth,  was  toasted,  and  Governor  "Weston  was  announced.  Not  responding, 
Judge  Hoar  said  he  was  afraid  that  the  same  tendency  to  follow  the  British  early 
in  the  day,  towards  Boston,  had  bet-n  developed  in  the  centennial  anniversary  of 
that  day,  and  in  consequence  many  of  the  friends  he  should  like  to  have  heard  from 
had  left. 

"  The  state  from  which  Massachusetts  was  set  off  some  years  ago,"  Maine,  was 
called,  and  Governor  Xels>n  Din::Iey,  jr.,  responded  briellv,  sayinir  that  he  believed 
Maine  had  only  allowed  Massachusetts  to  go  when  she  found  that  her  sons  were 
able  to  take  care  of  themselves.  He  was  very  grateful  for  tbo  extreme  courtesy  ex- 
tended by  the  centennial  committee. 

The  president  then  called  on  "  little  Rhode  Island,"  and  on  being  applauded  chang- 
ed the  '•  little"  to  grc-at.  He  said  he  iiad  intended  to  call  on  one  who  was  trying  to 
gain  new  fame  as  "  Major  Buroside,"  a  title  perhaps  as  large  as  any  other  imder 


1875.]  Procttdlngs  in  Cuncord,  April  19,  187j.  477 

the  circumstances,  bat  he  believed  be  Iw'J  hcanl  the  name  bt'Torc  on  a  wi'ler  fieM 
an^l  gi-rater  with  (listoric  events.  Hut  <nt;akiiu':  uf  the  Stnie  mI'  Khoilc  Hand,  it  waH 
one  \vhi(;li  iiad  tried  to  l-ei^in  the  revulutiuii  three  years  het'oij  it  Ixu^aii,  \>)j  attriiipt- 
in;i:  to  capture  the  Gasj)ee  witli  ati  expedition  in  whale  hir^.ts.  Ijeneral  lJLivn.><nJe 
beincT  !'h~t»nt.  he  would  rwW  on  the  elo'iuenl  orator  of  the  day,  who  a!t!ioii:,di  he  iiad 
been  introduced  aa  one  who  had  spent  luatiy  days  in  Coneoril  and  was  u  di>tin- 
g-p.ish'  d  citizen  of  New-Vork,  yet  wa9  also  a  son  of  Rhode  l^il;lnd,  and  he  felt  that 
there  .vas  suinoilnn^'  in  iiini  rnpal)lc  of  rcpre.-entiiig  any  !itatc  in  the  L'luon. 

Mr.  Curtis  was  enthusiastically  received,  and  said  lie  saw  whsit  his  ieUow-citizi-ns 
did  not,  the  deep  malevolence  of  the  president  of  the  day  in  trying  to  di.jirive  him 
of  his  voice,  which  he  iiad  e?a-lier  placed  in  opi)osition  to  a  hiiudied  hands  of  nuisic 
and  the  n  li^c  of  breaking;  platforms;  bat  when  the  nan)c  of  Rhode  I.■^land  wa>-: 
mentioned  every  sou  of  Rluide  Island  fell  into  line.  It  was  iittlc  in  size,  hut  <,'reat 
in  soul.  He  hoped  that  whenever  any  citizen  was  asked  where  he  caim;  from,  the 
answer  in  time  to  the  Ijeatinir  of  the  drums  would  come,  "From  Conc(jid  Brid^'e,"' 
and  then  the  whole  worhl  would  know  lie,  too,  was  marching  uu  to  victory,  ilumaa 
hope  was  alwa3-.s  as  true  as  it  was  one  hundred  years  ago,  and  if  any  man  was  asked 
from  what  part  of  Massacliusetts  he  came,  he  could  answer,  from  the  whole  of  it. 

(Judge  Hoar — He  could  very  easily  do  it  In  Rhode  Ldand.) 

Judge  Hoar  then  proceeded  to  make  a  fevr  remarks  conceridnij:  a  number  of  revo- 
lutionary relics  that  lay  upon  the  table  before  him.  One  was  a  .^wovd  taken  from  a 
British  oi;icer  by  Nathan  IJcmis,  of  Waterto'.vn,  who  shot  the  olfi'.-cr  by  mef,ns  of  a 
gun,  which  was  exhibited.  The  truth  of  the  Concord  iS'orth  Bridge  tight  rested, 
continued  the  judge,  upon  a  single  unquestioned  fact.  That  it  was  there  the  tii>t 
f\T'^-'-^  fo  «-->  .'p^n  t"""  ^'':n^':='  tro7p;-v;as  given  l>y  an  authorized  LiIKcer  of  the  Ameri- 
can militia,  and  M:\ior  John  Buttrick  had  been  the  first  to  fire  in  obedien-e  to  ids 
own  commaml.  The  gun  with  which  the  first  authorized  shot  had  been  hred  had 
been  prcsmved,  and  it  was  then  held  up.  When  Lafayette  was  in  tins  country, 
and  was  shown  this  weapon,  he  held  it  up  before  him,  and  said  it  was  "  the  alarm 
gun  of  liherty  throughout  the  world." 

Tne  Fourth  of  July  vras  the  natural  deduction  of  the  nineteenth  of  April,  and  any 
one  who  had  got  the  spirit  of  the  nineteenth  Could  be  safely  trusted  anywhere  on 
the  '•  Fourth.'"  If  there  was  any  one  who  could  say  anything  about  the  Fourth,  it 
was  he  wliom  he  had  the  pleasure  of  introducing.  General  Joseph  R.  Ilawley,  ex- 
govemor  of  Conneeticut,  and  chairman  of  the  ^National  Centennial  Commission. 

General  Ilawley  said  he  could  not  help  but  mention  the  stand  his  state  had  taken 
in  those  long  gone  j'ears,  when  Isaac  Bissell  had  carried  the  news  tlirougu  the 
state.  Three  companies  were  soon  on  the  ^yay  to  Boston,  and  a  number  started  on 
foot.  His  state  contained  no  laggard.  About  the  Centennial  next  year,  no  one 
could  have  kept  the  nation  from  it,  no  more  than  the  people  could  have  heen  pre- 
vented from  celebrating  the  anniversary  of  the  Concord  tight.  He  paid  a  graceful 
tribute  to  the  skill  and  genius  of  American  mechanics,  and  how-  they  asmasters  of 
them  all.  had  slowly  brought  the  country  to  that  state  of  cultivation  that  instead 
of  pouring  out  the  blood  f.u'  the  right,  the  luood  might  be  saved  and  the  right  main- 
tained. And  at  Philadelphia  they  would  sliow  how  that  had  been  achieved  by  the 
exhibition  of  the  country's  progress  from  its  birth  to  the  present  time.  All  tlie  civil- 
ized nati'ins  liad  been  asked  and  responded,  and  many  of  those  who  were  classed 
among  the  heathen  would  astonish  the  world  with  the  mature  growth  of  their 
civilization.  Ali  were  coming,  all  would  be  welcome.  He  hoped  tirat  Massachu- 
setts would  notlje  behind.  They  were  erecting  fifty  acres  of  buildings  to  entertain 
their  giicsts,  on  the  finest  site  the  world  ever  saw,  and  on  the  Fourth  of  July, 
1876,  a  great  exhibition  would  open  there — a  world's  tributes  to  a  nation's  greatness. 

Judge  Hoar  then  read  a  sentiment  to  Harvard  College,  winch  had  been  removed 
from  Cambridge  to  Concord,  as  a  consequence  of  the  events  of  the  nineteenth.  The 
college  h.ad  remained  with  them  a  year.  He  had  hoped  to  have  called  on  Presi- 
dent Eliot,  hut  the  chill  of  the  afternoon  bad  undoubtedly  interfered  with  his  wish 
and  the  desires  of  his  hearers. 

A  sentiment  in  honor  of  James  Barrett,  John  Buttrick  and  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Robinson  was  then  read,  and  Judge  Hoar  said  he  had  received  many  letters  iroui 
distinguished  guests,  who  had  been  invited  to  attend  ;  he  however  would  read  but 
one,  from  Frederick  Douglass.  The  writer  expres-^ed  himself  as  sincerely  gratelul 
for  the  honor  i:nplie<i  in  the  invitation,  and  be  tendered  his  best  v»  ishes  Ia-  success 
in  the  ci  reinonies.  The  opening  of  the  Revolution  had,  indeed,  been  the  opening 
of  a  higher  liberty. 

TOL.  XXIX.  41* 


478  Proceedings  in  Boston,  June  17,  187o.  [Oct. 

Ju'l^e  Hoar  then  invited  any  pert^on  present  to  a(.M  a  Wijni  if  he  so  desired,  and  an 
old  ^entli'iiiaii  n.:-':ed  to  l>e  ailnwi'd  to  repent  a  sontiin'^iu  uiTred  ra  the  OL'li;!)r;iiiun 
ju.-^t  li;il!"  a  century  I»ct'ore,  '•  Tiit.-  true  of  liberty,  —  May  it  lake  deep  root  and  grow 
till  its  brauches  cover  the  earth." 


In  Boston',  Tuuksdat,  June  17,  1573. 

In  his  inaugural  address  to  the  city  council  of  IJoeton,  on  the  5th  of  January, 
187.3,  the  iMayor,  lion,  baiunol  0.  Cobb,  referred  to  the  approaching  centenuiul 
anniver>ary  ot  the  Lattie  of  IJunker  Hill, 

This  portion  of  tlie  Mayor'.*  address  ■was  referred  to  a  joint  special  committee  of 
the  City  ("ouiieil,  cunsisting  of  Aldoruion  Thumas  B.  Harris  and  Si'iumon  B.  i?tebbins, 
Councilraen  Edwin  Sibley,  Eugene  II.  iSampson  and  L>aac  P.  Clarke.  The  com- 
mittee reported  on  the  l'3th  of  April.   The  following  is  an  extract  from  their  report ; — 

"It  i.s  proposed,  on  the  part  of  the  State,  to  invite  as  it^i  guests  the  principal 
executive  otiicers  of  the  United  States  and  governors  of  the  several  States;  and  to 
order  out,  for  review  and  for  e.<cort  duty,  the  entire  militia  ort'anization  of  this 
State.  With  a  view  to  secure  harmony  of  action,  and  prevent  coiifusiun  in  carrying 
out  the  details,  it  is  suggested  that  all  the  other  matters  connected  with  the  cel'''>m.- 
tion, — except  the  delivery  of  the  oration,  for  which  arrangement-;  have  already  hvQU 
made  by  the  Muuument  Association, — should  be  under  the  control  and  management 
of  the  city.  On  that  basis  an  ai)proximate  estimate  has  been  prepared  of  the  ex- 
pense which  the  city  would  be  calli-d  upon  to  b-var,  amuuniiug  in  the  total  to  thirty 
LlLVJv.oaua  duiitiift,  and  the  committee  would  respectfully  recommend  the  passage  of 
an  order  appropriating  tiiat  amount." 

Tiie  following  order  was  passed  by  the  City  Council,  and  approved  by  the  Mayor, 
on  the  7th  of  May  : 

"  Ordered,  That  His  Honor  the  Mayor,  the  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Aldermen, 
the  President  of  the  Common  Council,  with  Aldermen  Harris,  Stebbins,  Quincy 
and  Power,  and  Councilmen  Sibley,  Sampson,  Clarke,  Peabody,  Flynn,  Could  and 
Deveveux,  be  authorized  to  make  suitable  arrangements,  on  the  part  of  the  City 
of  Boston,  for  the  Celebration  uf  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  Battle  of  Bun- 
ker Hill ;  and  that  said  committee  be  authorized  to  expend  for  that  purpose  the 
income  of  the  foss  fund,  and  of  the  Bal)Cock  fund,  and,  in  addition  thereto,  a  sum 
not  exceeding  thirty  thousand  dollars,  to  be  charged  to  the  appropriation  for 
incidentals." 

The  mayor,  having  been  empowered  by  the  committee  to  select  a  suitable  per=<3n 
to  act  as  Chief  Marshal  of  the  procession  which  it  was  proposed  to  organize  on  the 
day  of  the  celebration,  appointed  General  Francis  A.  Osborn,  with  full  authority  to 
make  I  uch  arrangements,  in  matters  pertaining  to  the  duties  of  the  office,  as  he 
might  deem  necessary. 

The  part  to  be  taken  by  the  city  In  the  observance  of  the  anniversary  was  further 
defined  as  follows  :  It  was  decided  to  have  an  official  reception  in  Music  Hall  on  the 
evening  of  the  16th  of  June  ;  to  decorate  all  the  public  buihlings,  and  designate,  by 
suitable  inscriptions,  the  places  of  historical  interest  in  the  city  ;  to  have  the  bells 
of  the  churches  rung,  and  national  salutes  tired  at  sunrise,  noon  and  sunset,  on  the 
17th  ;  to  provide  a  tent  and  such  other  accommodations  as  may  be  necessary  for  the 
exercises  at  Bunker  Hill ;  to  make  a  display  nf  fireworks  on  Boston  Common  and  on 
Sullivan  square,  in  Charlestown ;  to  illuminate  the  dnue  of  the  City  Hall,  in 
School  street,  and  the  front  anvl  dome  of  the  old  City  Hull,  in  Charkstown  ;  to  ex- 
hibit calcium  lights  from  the  top  of  the  Bunker  Hill  Monument,  and  from  other 
prominent  points  in  the  city  proper,  and  in  E;i.>t  Boston,  South  Boston  and  Boxbu- 
ry ;  and  to  have  bonfires  in  L)orch<?ster,  West  Roxbury  and  Brighton. 

By  request  of  the  committee,  the  mayor  extended  a  cordial  invitation  to  the  fol- 
lowing-named officials  to  accept  the  hu~j>italitics  of  the  city  : 

The  Mayor  of  Mobile,  Ala.  ;  Little  Rock,  Ark.  ;  San  Francisco,  Cal. :  New- 
Haven,  Conn.  ;  Wilmington.  Del.  ;  Jacksonville,  Fla.  ;  Savannah,  Ga.  :  Chicago, 
111.;  Indianapolis,  Ind. ;  Davenport,  Iowa  ;  Leavenworth,  Kant^as;  Louisville,  Ky.; 
New  Orleans,  La.  ;  Portland,  Me.  ;  Baltimore,  Md.  :  Detroit,  Mich.  ;  St.  Paul, 
Minn.;  Yioksburg,  Mi^. ;    St.  Loai=.,  Mo.;    Omaha,  Neb.;    Virginia,    Nevada; 


1875.]  Proceedings  in  Boslon,  June  17,  1875.  479 

3I;inohestf>r,  X.  H. ;  Newark,  N.  J.;  New- York,  N.  Y.  ;  Wiltiiinaton,  N.  C.  ; 
Ci'Kimiati,  Ohio;  Portlaixi,  Oregon;  I'liiladelpfiia,  Pa.;  Providr-nco,  R.  I.  ; 
Cii.irle^tun,  S.  C;  Memphis,  Tenu.  ;  (julve-tun,  iVxao  ;  Burliti'jtoTi,  \'t.  ;  Kich- 
inond.  \\\.  ;  Wheelinj^,  \V'.  Vii.  ;  Milwaukee,  WLs.  ;  tieneml  Jom-J)!!  K.  ilawlcy, 
T'resid'.rt  U.  .S.  C'cnrei;nial  Co'.uini»;>i()n ;  Alfred  T.  Cishurn,  Esij.,  Diru'TDr  (General 
U.S.  Centennial  Commission;  IJonorable  John  WeUdi,  Presi<iHnt  of  the  Board  of 
Finance,  L'.  S.  Centernial  Comnii-vion  ;  Frederick  Fruley,  Esij.,  Seerctury  and 
Treasurer  of  the  Doaid  of  Finan''o,  U.  S.  Centennial  Commi.-simi  ;  lhni')rable 
William  Piigler,  Financial  Asent  L'.  S.  Centennial  Coauuissiou  ;  Honorable  Daniel 
J.  Morrell,  Chairman  Executive  Committee  U.  S.  Centennial  CoIlunic•^iori. 

The  following  persons  were  invited  to  meet  the  Mayor  at  the  City  Hall,  at  9 
o'cloc-k,  on  the  moruinj^  of  the  17th,  for  the  purpose  of  uniting  witii  the  City 
Government  in  the  eserclses  of  the  day  ; — 

The  mayor?  of  cities  in  Massachusetts  ;  the  past  maj'ors  of  Boston,  lloxbury  and 
Cbarlestown;  the  Hon.  £.  K.  iloar,  Mr.  Ralph  Waldo  Emer.son,  nnd  Mr.  (leorge 
HeyAVOod,  connnittee  of  the  town  of  Concord  ;  the  Hon.  Cliarles  Hud~un,  Mr.  M. 
II.  Merriam.  and  Mr.  "\\".  H,  Munroe,  committee  of  tliC  town  of  Lexington  ;  Prof. 
Charles  W.  Eliot,  President  of  Harvard  College  ;  the  Hon.  Charles  Fraiwis  Adams, 
Mr.  Henry  "\V.  Longfellow,  Mr.  James  Russell  Lowell,  Dr.  0.  W .  IJulmcs,  Mr. 
"William  Ciray,  Mr.  Wendell  Phillips,  Mr.  W  illiam  Lloyd  Garrison  and  others. 

Under  an  order  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  passed  the  Lith  of  March,  a 
joint  special  committee  of  the  Massachusetts  legislature  was  appointed,  "  with  full 
power  to  make  such  arrangements  as  miicht  be  deemed  proper  and  expedient  for  the 
~rc:pt->^,  C-:  t';"  i^-'-t  Cit'*-!^?  *■■■♦■" ^■\  ••^'''+bo  Pre-id.-ni:  p.nd  Vicfr-Presidcnt  of  the 
United  States,  and  other  distinguished  strangers  who  might  visit  the  State  upon  the 
occasion  of  tiie  celebiation  of  tue  17th  of  June." 

The  committee  subsequently-  invited  the  following  persons  to  become  the  guests 
of  the  State  :  The  President  and  Vice-President  of  the  United  Statts  ;  the  President 
pro  tempore  of  tiie  United  States  Senate  ;  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  KtMjrescnta- 
tives  of  the  L'nited  States  ;  the  members  of  tlie  President's  Cabinet;  tlie  Judges  of 
the  Supreme  Judicial  Court  of  t!ie  United  States;  General  VV  illiam  T.  Sherman, 
Lieutenant-Genoral  Philip  IL  Sheridan,  and  Major-General  AV'intield  S.  Hancock, 
U.  S.  A. ;  Admiral  David  D.  Porter,  Vice-Admiral  Stephen  C.  Rowan,  U.  S.  N. ;  the 
Governors  of  all  the  Stiites  ;  the  Chiefs  of  the  Diplomatic  Corps  ;  the  Senatiirs  and 
Representatives  in  Congress  from  INIaine  ;  Andrew  Johnson,  Ex-President  of  the 
United  States  ;  and  the  Hon.  John  A.  Dix,  of  New  York. 

On  the  14th  of  June,  His  Excellency,  the  Governor  and  Commander-in-Chief, 
tendered  the  First  Division  of  ^lassachusetts  Volunteer  Militia  to  the  City  of  BuS- 
ton,  for  the  purpose  ot  escort  duty  at  the  Centennial  Anniversary,  and  stated,  at  the 
same  time,  tnat  the  troops  would  pass  in  review  at  the  State  House,  while  en  route 
to  the  head  of  the  civic  procession. 

In  response  to  a  request  from  the  mayor,  Major-General  W.  S.  Hancock.  U.  S.  A., 
commanding  the  Military  Division  of  the  Atlantic,  directed  Major  George  P.  An- 
drews, of  the  Fifth  Artillery',  to  detail  two  companies  from  the  troojis  in  Boston 
Harbor,  under  the  command  of  Brevet  Major-General  Richard  Arnold,  to  report 
for  duty,  in  connection  with  the  procession. 

On  the  evening  of  the  16th  of  June,  His  Honor  the  Mayor  and  the  committee  of 
arrangements  gave  a  reception,  in  Music  Hall,  to  the  distinguished  visitors  who 
pur]Dosed  taking  part  in  the  celebration  on  the  following  day. 

The  hall  was  very  handsomely  decorated  with  ilowers,  bunting  and  dn\pery.  On 
the  front  of  the  upper  balcony  there  was  an  arch  bearing  the  word  ''  "Welcome,"  in 
richly  illuminate<l  letters  ;  and,  just  beneath,  a  representation  of  the  ciry  seal,  with 
the  ciates  "  1775  "'  and  "  1875,"  in  tablets  on  either  side.  At  intervals  during  the 
evening  music  was  furnished  by  the  Germania  Band. 

To  facilitate  the  interchange  of  civilities  between  the  city  authorities  ami  their 
guests,  the  seats  in  the  body  of  the  hall  were  removed  ;  and  to  accommodate  the 
ladies,  a  portion  of  the  seats  in  the  lirst  balcony  were  reserved.  Among  tliose  who 
occupied  seats  on  the  platform,  or  who  appeared  there  at  diiTerent  tiuu  s  during  the 
evening,  there  were  the  Vice-President  of  the  United  States,  General  William  T. 
Sherman.  Senator  Ambrose  £.  Burnside;  Mr.  Justice  Strong  of  tlic  ^uprotne  Court, 
U.  S.  ;  Senor  Dun  Francisco  Gonzaks  Errazuriz,  Charge  d'Allairc^  Ironi  Chili  ; 
Mr.  Stephen   Preston,   Envoy  Kitraori-Unary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  from 


480  Proceedings  in  Boston,  Jane  17,  1875.  £Oct. 

Hayti  ;  His  E^crclloncy  Willicim  Gaston,  Governor  of  Mas«!icliusetts  ;  His  Exocl- 
lenoy  Ne'iHnn  DiiiL^loy,  Jr.,  (i'.jvcrnor  of  Maine;  Ifi^'  r,X''f?!lency  John  J.  V.:> .^\>-y , 
GoNCTD  >i-  of  }ili'iii;ian  ;  General  Fitz  Uiil'!!  Leo,  uf  \'i:-i:inia  ;  Colonel  A.  ().  An- 
drews, of  South  Carulina;  Captain  J.  W.  riiluier,  of  tl>e  Norfolk  (Va.)  lilues  ;  Gen- 
eral Ju'ison  C.  Kiipatr^'k  ;  th  Hun.  11.  V.'.  IlichiirJ.vjn,  Mayor  of  Portland  ;  tlie  Hon. 
K.  L.  i'uicun,  jiayor  of  GairePton,  Tesas.  Among  the  orL^^anizations,  or  repre-en- 
tat-ivcs  of  ori';anization.s,  pre>ent  in  the  hall  there  were,  the  Washington  I.ijlit  In- 
fantry of  CiiTirltJton.  S.  C.  ;  theNinf.lk  Light  Artillery  Jilucs,  of  Norfolk,  Va.  ; 
the  Fifth  Maryland  Keginient  ;  the  Old  Guard  of  New- York  ;  the  Light  Infantry 
Veteran  A'^sociation  of  Salem,  Mai^s. ;  the  New-F.niiland  Society  of  New-Vork  ;  the 
Richmond  (Va.)  Commandery  of  Kniglits  Templarri  ;  the  De  Molay  Comniandery  of 
Boston  ;  the  Ancient  and  lionoruble  Arliller^'  Company  of  Ljaton,  and  the  Bunker 
Hill  }iluDumeut  Association. 

StXin  after  eight  o'clock  the  Mayor  called  the  assemblage  to  order,  and  spoke  as 
follows  : 

Fe/!oic-Citi:e?is  and  Frirnds : — The  event  whose  hundredth  anniversary  wc  cele- 
brate to-morrow  was  one  of  a  series  that  resulted  in  the  creation  of  an  ind"pendent 
nation.  The  battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  in  a  military  view,  was  a  defeat  for  the  Colo- 
nies; but,  in  its  moral  and  pjlitleal  fruits,  it  was  a  splendid  succe.ss.  Following 
close  upon  the  Collisions  at  Lexington  and  Concord,  it  tired  the  whole  Anieriean 
heart,  and  ar>used  the  entire  American  people,  and  made  them  thenoelorth  one  people. 
AVhile  it  fell  to  the  lot  of  jias.stehusetts  to  lead  otf  in  the  war  of  independence,  she 
•was  not  left  to  stand  alme  for  a  day.  Bcsponses  of  sympatliy  and  pledges  of  co- 
operation came  in  as  fast  as  news  c.mld  llv  and  'nen  coil:I  march.  "It  is  surpri.s- 
II^.'"  ■..vi.-co  Gcneiul  Gage  at  this  period,  "that  so  many  of  the  other  fn'ovinces 
interest  themselves  so  much  in  this.  They  have  warm  friends  in  Xew-York,  and  I 
learn  that  the  pei>ple  of  Charleston,  Soutli  Carolina,  are  as  mad  as  they  are  here." 
•'  AH  Virginia,"  cays  Irving.  "  was  in  a  state  of  combustion."  "  We  must  tight  !  " 
said  Patrick  Henry.     "  I  repeat  it.  Sir,  we  must  fight !  " 

In  fifteen  days  the  great  Virginian,  Washington  himself,  was  here  at  the  head 
of  the  army.  Then  followed  battle  after  battle,  from  Boston  to  Charleston,  from 
Saratoga  to  Yorktovrn,  till  at  lengtli  the  tliirteen  provinces  became  thirteen 
States,  and  those  thirteen  States  an  empire  that  now  spans  the  continent.  Remem- 
berint;  these  things,  we  of  the  E:i<t  do  more  than  willingly  accord  to  the  people  of 
the  West  and  the  South  an  equal  share  in  tlie  pjvoud  and  grateful  memories  that 
belorg  to  our  revolutionary  centennials  ;  and  we.  on  our  part,  shall  claim  an  equal 
share  in  theirs,  as  thty  recur  from  time  to  time,  from  "75  to  "82. 

To-morrjw*s  commemoration  is  no  mere  local  affair.  It  must  have  a  national 
significance,  or  it  can  have  none.  If  it  were  only  Boston  or  Massachusetts,  or 
even  New-England,  that  cared  for  it,  better  that  the  famous  story  of  Bunker  Hill 
were  blotted  out  of  history,  as  the  mere  record  of  an  ignominious  failure.  What 
Is  ours  in  these  things  belongs  to  all  our  countrymen  as  much,  or  it  would  be  worth- 
less to  us  ;  and  what  is  theirs  is  ours,  or  we  sliould  feel  bereft  of  a  splendid  herit- 
age. It  is,  therefore,  with  the  deejiest  satisfaction  that  we,  who  are  especially  at 
home  here,  hail  the  coming  of  so  many  of  our  fellow-citi7:ens  from  ahnjad  and  afar. 
Their  presence  is  a  principal  circumstance,  and,  to  our  eyes,  the  brighte^iD  feature 
of  the  ocCTsion — a  pledge  that  they  are  ready  to  share,  and  share  alike  with  us,  in 
the  rich  inheritan'^e  ef  tha  inspiring  memories  and  traditions  of  the  national  birth- 
time,  and  that  to  their  feeling,  as  to  ours,  the  suns  of  their  fathers  and  of  our 
fathers,  who  stood  shoulder  to  shoulder  iu  that  grand  old  time,  are,  and  must  be, 
brethren  tr>day. 

Under  the  inspirations  of  such  a  reunion,  we  feel  that  to-morrow  will  be  such  a 
red-letter  day  for  Boston  as  can  hardly  sfdne  for  her  more  than  once  in  a  century. 
If  the  skies  smile  upon  her  there  will  be  such  a  tide  of  life  pulsing  throuu:h  her 
streets  as  s'le  never  knew  before  ;  her  si>ires  and  domes  will  w^ar  such  a  radiance 
as  the  summer  sun  never  gave  them  till  now  ;  the  heart  of  Banker  Hiil  will  throb 
audibly  bt-neath  the  tread  and  the  a<Ylaim  of  the  gathering  multitudes  ;  its  granite 
shaft  will  loomui)many  cubits  taller  into  the  sky  ;  and  the  glorified  forms  of  Pre<cott 
and  Warren,  and  of  their  illustrious  compeers  who  sto(;d  with  them  on  tlie  8pot 
that  day,  or  wlio  sent  them  tlieir  sympathy,  and  were  already  hastening  to  their 
support  from  every  quarter,  or  preparing  to  do  the  like  deeds  elsewhere,  will  almo.st 
be  seen  bendin:i  from  the  clouds  and  breatliiui,'  benedictions  on  their  childrer.,  who, 
after  all  the  vici-~itudes  of  a  century,  arc  fnmd  faithful  to  tlicir  trust,  and  worthy 
to  hold  and  transmit  their  sacred  iuheritauce  of  liijerty  and  union.    Under  these 


1S75.]  Proceedings  in  Boston,  June  17,  1875.  481 

circiinistance?!,  the  city  council,  actin;;  a&  they  felt,  and  sure  that  it  was  in  accord 
with  tliC  sontiuient  o!'  the  vhult-  city,  have  dosircd  me  to  invite  our  visitors  I)  meet 
ui  here  tj-r.ii:ht  lor  an  interohanu'c  ol'  i^reotiu^^s  and  I'clicicationtj. 

We  knew  you  were  couiiuj:,  ^.'cotlciiion  ;  and  you  iiavc  conie  as  yon  prO!nif=ed, 
r.Ti'l  i'-:  we  hi-i'cd, — '"  ;'  •."!iy  nmubers, — in  military,  nia-;orii'',  indnstriiil.cominf^rcial 
and  educational  orj-ani/.ations, — private  citi/en.s  ami  rejircs<ntativ<'H  (jf  the  nation, 
of  the  states  and  of  many  cities.  You  have  come  frum  every  direction  and  all 
distance:?;  froui  h'\vond  the  Kennehcc  and  the  Green  ]Nhiuntain>;  from  hi.-yond  the 
Hudson,  the  Delaware  and  the  Susquehanna,  the  I'utomae  and  tlie  James,  tiie 
Edi^to,  the  Savnnnah  and  the  Tennessee;  fnim  heyund  t'lc  Mit^sis^iippi  and  the 
Kocky  ^lountains.  You  could  not  come  too  numerously  for  our  wishes  and  our 
welcome.  Boston  would  I>e  irlad  if  she  could  fold  tlie  whole  nation  in  her  heart 
to-morrow,  and  make  herself  f.tr  the  day,  and  in  this  her  turn,  tlie  .sacred  Mecca  of 
the  entire  American  people.  Without  dissent  or  reservation  she  rejoices  as  one 
man  in  your  comin? ;  and  in  her  name  and  hehalf  I  hid  you  welcome  !  —  thrii-e 
welcome ! — a  thousand  times  welcome !  JMy  clumsy  northern  tonijue  and  unpractised 
lips  cannot  ^ive  adequate  expression  to  the  warmth  and  cordiality  with  which  siic 
bids  me  greet  her  guests  and  make  them  at  home  within  her  gates.  An^l,  if  I 
mistake  not,  the  crowds  in  our  streets  tomorrow  will  re-echo  the  LTteting  with  an 
emphasis  that  you  cannut  fail  to  understand.  You  will  unite  with  us,  an^l  that 
right  heartily,  I  douot  not,  in  commemorating  with  reverence  and  gratitude  the 
men  and  the  deeds  of  a  hundred  years  ago,  and  the  ways  in  which  an  ever  grncious 
I'rovidence,  through  many  perils  and  ditbeulties,  has  led  our  country  on  and  up  to 
its  present  height  of  greatness  and  pro.sperity. 

And  now.  fellow-ci-i-'ens.  while  we  solemnlv  ring  out  th«  old  century,  let  us 
hopefully  ring  in  the  new.  It  belongs  to  the  men  of  to-day  to  inaugurate  the  second 
century  of  our  country's  life.  The  omens  are  propitious.  The  prospects  of  our 
national  p  dity  are  brighter  to-day,  I  think,  than  at  any  previous  period.  It  has 
eaffly  undergone  all  the  tests  that  could  be  crowded  into  a  century.  It  still  stands, 
and  may  now  be  said  to  have  almost  pa.sscd  the  experimental  stage, — at  least  as  far 
as  that  can  be  said  of  any  earthly  polit}'.  "We  have  experienced  all  the  trials  and 
dangers  by  which  the  permanence  of  nations  is  put  to  the  test.  A^e  have  had  the 
stringent  te-t  of  nnexa'upled  prosperity  and  rapid  expansion,  and  have  survived  it. 
V*  e  have  hud  commercial  crises  and  industrial  depressions  of  the  severest  character. 
We  have  had  bitter  political  and  sectional  strifes.  We  have  hail  foreign  wars  ;  and, 
like  all  nations  that  have  attained  to  greatness,  we  have  had  civil  war,  —  and  still , 
we  live.  This  last  and  supremest  peril  has  passed  away  just  in  tiaie  to  en;il>le  the 
country  to  enter  upon  the  second  century  of  its  history  with  contideiice  and  good 
cheer.  We  could  not  have  said  so,  at  least  not  so  coniidently,  fdtten  years  ago,  nor 
ten,  nor  even  live.  But  now,  not  onl}*  is  the  war  closed,  but  the  animosities  which 
have  accompanied  and  f)Uowed  it  are  fading  out ;  they  are  dying, — nay,  they  are  as 
good  as  dead,  and  awaiting  their  burial!  To-morrow  we  will  dig  their  grave;  at 
the  gre  .ter  centennial  in  Philadelphia,  next  year,  we  will  heap  up  a  mound  over 
them  hiirh  as  the  Alleghanies  ;  and,  before  the  day  of  Yorktowu  comes  round,  we 
shall  have  forgotten  that  they  ever  existed. 

In  this  benign  work  of  reconciliation  the  soldiers  on  both  sides  have  taken  the 
lead.  This  was  to  be  expected,  'i'rue  heroism  harbors  no  resentments,  and  is  inca- 
pable of  a  sullen  and  persistent  hatred.  True  soldiers,  worthy  of  the  name,  give 
and  take  hard  blows  in  all  honor  and  duty  ;  and  when  the  work  is  done,  arc  ready 
to  euibrace  as  brothers  in  arms,  and  to  let  by-gones  be  by-goufs,  in  all  things  except 
to  preserve  the  memory  and  decorate  the  graves  of  their  heroic  dead,  —  ay.  and  of 
one  another's  dead.  Brave  men  love  brave  men,  with  the  magnanimity  that  knows 
how  to  honor  each  other's  courage  and  respect  each  other's  motives.  Foemen  ia 
war,,  brothers  in  peace  :  —  that  is  the  history  of  chivalry  here,  as  everywhere.  And 
all  classes  must  needs  follow  the  lead  of  their  noble  champions,  and  could  not  stand 
out  against  it,  if  they  would.  Even  the  weak  and  cowardly,  and  the  political 
adventurers  who  live  on  the  g-arbage  of  sectional  jealousies  and  })artisan  embitter- 
inents,  have  to  give  in,  at  last,  from  very  shame.  Indications  of  the  spreading  and 
deepening  of  thi-  sentiment  of  restored  amity  are  coming  in  from  ail  (piarters. 
Here  in  Boston,  I  do  not  happen  to  know  a  single  voice  at  varian(;e  with  it  ;  aud 
that  it  is  shared  by  yourselves,  gentlemen  of  the  .south,  is  evidenced  by  Vuur 
pre.sence  here  to-niirht.  You  may  have  desired  the  is,sue  of  the  war  to  have  been 
other  than  it  i.-,  and  mny  have  felt,  for  a  time,  that  all  was  lost  .save  honiir.  I 
respect  your  convictions ;  but  I  h  Heve  you  are  wise  enough,  and  magnanimous 
enough,  to  aci]^uie=ce  loyally  now,  and  iu  the  end  cheerfully,  lu  the  arbitrament  of 


482  Proceedings  in  Boston,  June  17,  1875.  [Oct. 

the  God  of  battles,  —  assurer],  as  you  must  be,  that  the  oyerrulin:;  Prnvidcnoe  is 
wiser  than  our  -svistios,  and  kn.jv/s  how  to  he>tov.-  richer  bonflit>  tliun  tiinsi-  it  v.ith- 
holds  ;  assured,  too,  that  \vhatf;vei'  was  right  and  %o  A  in  tiie  lost  ouubC  wliioli  yuu 
loved  is  not  finally  lust,  and  that  wliatever  was  false  or  wronii;  in  the  wlnnirii;  lause 
carn^jt  peri"'>nc'-.t!y  f.iu;ui»]i.  The  Almighty  rt;igns,  and  shapes  results  luuiu 
bouftlcently  and  mdre  riiditcously  than  man  can. 

All  thinj^s  ooosidered,'tc'lIo\v-cuizens,  1  rcirard  our  conntry  as  prepared  to  enter 
upon  its  second  Ct'iitury  witli  the  liost  auguries  and  hriLciitest  h'>|)e.s  of  peace  p.nd 
happiness.  The  burdens  and  privations  resulting  from  the  cost  and  the  wai^te  of 
war,  on  both  sides,  we  must  still  hear  for  a  time,  as  we  are  bcnriug  them  now,  in 
this  universal  dejiression  of  industry  and  trade.  But  this  evil  is,  in  its  nature, 
transient  for  a  vigonnis  and  thrilry  [joople,  and  need  cnunt  but  little  in  our  r».okon- 
ing  on  the  future,  provided  oidy  that  harmony  and  nuitual  conCdence  and  guod-will 
prevail  and  continue.  And  these  we  must  foster  and  defend.  All  depends  on  these. 
I  am  sure  you  will-agree  with  me,  gentlemen,  that  in  tiie  new  century  there  need 
not  be,  and  must  not  be,  any  north,  or  south,  or  east,  or  west,  except  in  respect  to 
those  Tarieties  of  climate  and  production  which  stimulate  industry,  and  give  jite  to 
commerce,  and  multiply  the  sources  of  national  wealth  and  power.  _  While  we 
cultivate  friendly  relations  by  the  interourse  of  trade  and  the  amenities  of  social 
life,  we  must  avoid  the  political  intermeddling  that  endangers  such  relations.  Let 
each  state  manage  its  own  local  affairs  without  interference,  however  well  meant, 
from  abroad,  subject  only  to  that  constitution  which  is  at  once  a  wholesome  restraint 
and  a  protecting  slueld  i'or  us  all. 

The  old  political  issues  have  well-nigh  passed  away  ;  one  platform  is  very  much 
like  another.  Old  partv  line*  -"-e  g':>'tlr.^-  LLi.i:::od  and  siiadov/y,  so  that  little  remains 
to  disiiuguish  them  but  their  names.  ^V  e  are  thus  at  liberty  to  seek  the  be.-t  men 
as  rulers,  without  reference  to  party  or  locality,  or  anything  but  character  and 
c;ipacit\', — honest  :i'ien,'who  will  neither  steal  nor  permit  stealing.  The  securing  of 
a  pure  and  upriglit  government  would  be  the  best  fruit  i)f  our  restored  harmony,  and 
the  best  inaugnniti'im  I  know  of  for  the  new  century.  Let  good  men,  in  all  sections, 
combine  as  one  man  for  this  end.  There  must  still  be  parties,  with  or  without  the 
old  names. — sharp  antagonisms  of  opinion  and  policy.  These  are  everywhere  among 
the  conditions  of  freedom  and  progress.  They  do  not  dcstn^y,  they  invig(DruLe,  a 
nation.  The  only  fatal  divisions  are  those  of  sections.  There  must  ije  none  uf 
these, — at  least  in  that  part  of  the  century  which  our  lifetime  shall  cover,  and  for 
which  we  are  answerable.  No  conflict  of  sections !  1  give  you  my  han'i  on  tliat 
proposition,  geutlemen,  and  I  prijmisc  3'ou  every  honest  man's  hand  in  Bostun  on 
that.  And,  if  you  will  accept  and  return  the  pledge,  it  shall  be  kept ;  and  we  may 
trust  our  children  and  our  children's  children  to  maintain. and  perpetuate  it.  A\'e 
must  guard  atcainst  the  beginnings  of  alienation  and  distrust  ;  and,  if  ever  we  see 
any  root  of  bitterness  giving  signs  of  springing  up,  let  us  set  our  heels  upon  it, 
yours  and  ours,  and  stamp  it  out  before  it  has  tiiue  to  send  up  a  single  poison- 
Bhoot. 

But  I  detain  you  too  long,  gentlemen.  Much  formal  address  is  not  what  we  want 
to-night.  \\"e  want  rather  to  lojk  into  one  another's  faces,  eye  to  eye.  We  want 
to  give  and  take  a  hearty  hand-grasp,  ^\^e  want  to  tell  you,  collectively  and  in- 
dividually, that  we  shall  be  but  too  ready  and  glad  to  do  all  in  our  power  to  make 
your  visit  agreeable  to  you,  and  to  convince  you  that  the  confidence  in  us  which  v'ou 
ehow  by  coming  is  not  misplaced.  We  want  to  enable  you  to  report  tp  your  pe-iple 
at  home  that  j'ou  found  nothing  but  brotherhood  and  good-feUowship  here.  We 
want  to  make  the  guests  of  a  week  the  friends  of  a  lifetime.  We  want  you  to  feel 
as  kindly  towards  .Boston  as  Boston  does  t-)wards  your  own  fair  cities  of  the  South, 
to  whom  God  grant  health  and  wealth,  prosperity  and  peace  ! 

Once  more,  To  all  our  guests,  from  far  away  and  from  near  by,  and  from  all  points 
of  the  compass,  I  say  in  the  city's  name,  and  say  it  gratefully  and  heartily,  Wel- 
come to  Buston  and  Bunker  Hill ! 

After  music  by  the  band,  the  Mayor  presented  Governor  Gaston,  who  spoke  as 
follows : 

Mr.  Mayor,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  : — My  words  will  be  few  to-night ;  but  I  should 
poorly  represent  Massachusetts,  as  her  heart  now  beats,  if  they  were  Lot  charged 
with  the  warmest  spirit  of  welcome. 

3!a-sach asetts  is  liMnored  by  liie  presence  of  the  sons  and  daughters  of  all  the 
states  who  Lave  come  hove  from  every  pare  uf  this  broad  kind  to  honor  the  memory 


1;?75.]  Proceedinns  in  Boston,  Jane  17,  1875.  483 

of  the  SL'lJicrs  and  the  titatcvoien  who  laid  the  foundations  of  a  republic  which  now 
nuni'iLrs  forty  millions  of  people. 

Till";  early  battlrjs  of  the  r<'V"!i;tion  were  flight  on  ^In«=achu=i-tt.'?  «oi!,  Imt  tliey 
wore  not  fought  fur  Mu-,saohii.'ects  alone.  They  were  luii:;ht  for  tiie  entire  country, 
and  the  jclory  of  the^o  etruiriilfs  is  ilie  coniuioii  heriuiiL^e  of  us  fill.  As,  with  em-j- 
tiou-^  vi  icverciic  raniuti.-iu,  v^-u  shall  as.-^cinbie  avound  yonder  AvA^t  t>-niorrow,  you 
will  fiu-d  iti  fouiiaati..inc:  deep' tiK-tigh  and  its  prop<jnions  large  enough  :o  make  it  a 
lit  laonument  of  the  nation's  t:Iory. 

As  heh-s  ot  a  couiaion  inhentauce  we  meet  and  rejoice  tnc,-ether  to-niirht,  and  as 
brethren  we  will  eultl>rate  to-morrow.  Mas-achusetrs  of  1S7.3  is  the  Massachusetts 
uf  1775.  Tr>  our  guesto  fruni  the  North  and  irom  tht^  South,  IVuia  tiio  East  and  from 
the  West,  we  say,  "•  As  our  fathers  greeted  your  fathers  of  old,  so  we  now  greet 
you." 

Under  the  ample  folds'  of  the  old  flag  we  meet  as  brethren  ;  and  as  we  are  stepping 
upon  the  threshold  of  our  se^jond  century,  let  us  determine  that  we  will  make  itri 
achievements  in  all  the  tields  of  civilization  and  peace  worch_v  i.il  a  jicjjde  whose 
birthright  is  freedom,  who^e  policy  is  jusuce,  rai'l'*''  whnse  God  is  the  Lord." 

Undi.r  the  iniiueni'e  of  our  glorious  old  memories,  in  the  mid<t  of  the  scenes  where 
American  liberty  in  its  iniancy  was  rocked,  let  us  declare  there  siiall  be  no  more 
sectional  s':rife.  Let  n.s  declare  there  shall  he  no  warfare,  except  such  as  a  nation's 
safety  and  h  nation's  honor  shall  demand,  and  in  that  warfare  let  us  all  tight  to- 
gether, sympatiiizing  with  each  other  in  every  danger,  and  exulting  togetlier  in  every 
victory. 

At  the  close  of  the  Governor's  speech,  Major  Dexter  II.  Follett  and  staff,  of  the 
First  Battalion  of  lAihi  Artillery,  M.  V.  A.,  entered  the  hall  with  General  Fitz 
Hugh  Lee  and  the  otticers  of  the  Norfolk  Light  Artillery  iJiues.  They  were  received 
with  immense  applruse,  and  escorted  to  seats  on  tlie  platform. 

The  Mayor  then  said  he  had  been  informed  that  Colonel  An-lrews,  of  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  was  in  the  hall.  The  aimouncement  was  received  with  great  en- 
thusiasm, and  when  the  colonel  came  forward  he  was  heartily  cheered.     He  said  : 

Fellow- Citizens  of  Massachusetts  : — South  Carolina  receives  with  the  deepest  emo- 
tion the  greetings  of  Massachusetts, — an  emotion  whose  tenderness,  whose  intensity-, 
who<e  amplituoe,  can  only  be  measured  as  when  twin  sister  meets  twin  sister,  and 
the  fiery  tribulations,  the  estranging  viciso-itudes  of  the  past,  are  put  aside,  all  lust 
sight  of,  all  forgotten,  in  the  happy  auguries  of  an  unclouded  and  an  undivided 
future. 

}Io^v  opportune  is  the  happening  of  these  centennials !  Verily  th.erc  is  a  Pro- 
vidence that  shapes  our  ends.  Long,  and  rugged,  and  dark,  may  be  the  road,  but 
in  the  fulness  of  His  uwn  good  time  He  causeth  light  to  shine,  and  in  ways  un- 
thought  by  human  ken  brinirs  about  results  that  fill  us  with  admiring  wonder  and 
surprise.  Who  can  fail  to~be  impressed,  that,  just  at  this  especial  juncture,  we 
should  b(  catching  sight  of,  and  coming  up  to,  these  hundred-mile  stones  in  the 
journey  of  our  comuvjn  country, — at  the  very  moment  in  our  history  when  their 
sight  and  presence  seem  so  seasonable,  so  fortunate,  so  auspici.jas.  so  needed  to  ad- 
monish and  to  instruct,  as  well  as  to  cheer  and  stimulate?  First  came  Lexington 
and  Concord.  Old  Mecklenburg  followed,  and  in  the  echoes  which  yet  linger 
around  ns  we  hear  the  music  somidiuo;  again  with  all  its  primal  fervidness  and  tire, 
struck  from  that  old  chord,  as  it  first  oroke  forth  in  notes  of  quickening  fraternity, 
answering  to 

"  Where  once  the  embattled  farmers  stood 
And  fired  the  shot  heard  round  the  world."- 

To-day  w-e  gather  in  pious  homage  around  our  own  consecrat<^d  shrine,  and  join 
with  you  in  doing  reverence  where  Warren's  blood  was  shed,  and  renew  with  yuu, 
in  fivmily  pledge,  the  sacramental  ua:h,  that  it  shall  not  have  been  shed  in  vain. 

Whose  heart  slall  not  be  lilted  into  a  purer  and  a  sweeter  atmosphere,  as  he  hears 
the  Tread,  and  feels  the  apjiroach,  of  this  grand  procession  of  the  mighty  past"? 
No  dim  and  shadowy  rememi)rance  enclouds  them;  but  thev  come,  all  corruscated 
with  light.  Like  towering  clifis,  sublimely  they  lift  their  hoary  heads.  Shooting 
out  amid  the  rapid  current  upon  which  we  are  surging,  they  turn  our  course.  In 
reverential  arrest,  we  pause  and  ponder.  On  their  scarred  fronts  we  read,  furrowed 
in  blood,  •'  truths  that  wake,  to  perisii  never."  In  our  inmost  soul,  we  feel  how 
full  of  blessing  is  their  presence;  Low  teeniingly  fruitful,  if  we  but  will  it  so,  fur  a 


484  Proceedhigs  in  Boston,  June  17,  1875.  [Oct. 

mightier,  a  fur  esfccrlinir.  a  more  !j:liiriouH  and  l)eiieficently  harmonious  future 
JIuw  fratorDizitig,  how  halluwin^-  is  their  intiuence  ! 

"  Oh,  hushei]  ho  every  thou^'ht  that  springs 
From  out  the  hitrcrne.-is  ot  things." 

Lowly  Tre  beml,  and  ask  a  bles.-ing  and  a  benison,  ore  yet  we  hurry  on  in  the 
voyage  before  u-^. 

It  is  in  such  a  spirit  we  meet  yon  to-day.  Like  the  worn  and  jostled  members  of 
some  large  family  at  Cliri^tnias-tide,  who  have  almost  utih-arned  tiie  ?ea*on  a'^  one 
of  merriment,  a  note  of  vrclcome  eonies  for  us  from  the  nld  loved  homestead,  flow 
the  old  tie  tuii;?  at  our  heart !  Our  ears  eateh  the  gleeful  chimed.  Soon  bui'sts  out 
the  once  familiar  carol, — 

"  Behold,  I  bring  you  good  tidings  of  great  joy." 

Is  this  for  us?  Can  we  be  included?  The  dear  old  chant  rings  out  again, — and  all 
our  riiisgivings  melt  away  as  in  jubdant  strain  i.s  waited  to  heaven,  '*  Cilory  to  God 
in  the  highe.«t,  and  on  earth  peace,  gi)od-will  to  men."  Yes,  we  come  !  True,  in 
our  hando  we  bring  no  precious  vase,  in  whose  rich  loam  flowers  the  costly  ex)tic. 
AVe  Oouie  in  homely  garb,  and  with  liroken  cup  ;  but  in  that  cup  is  a  s-jil  wiiich 
yonder  column  will  recognize, — it  is  froin  old  .Moultrie's  sand-bank.  You  shall  jjlant 
therein  the  olive-branch.  Old  Banker  Hill  will  catch  the  gracious  dews  as  tlie^'  fall 
from  heaven,  and  gently  drop  them  to  nourish  its  growth,  and  under  its  stately 
shaft  it  shall  find  siiclter  from  the  scorching  sun. 

Yes,  this  is  the  temper  in  which  we  meet  yon  to-day, — oven  as  in  olden  Chrlst- 

r^.r/:  tij^, u,iid  v.o  v\iil  Closely  gather  around  your  honored  Yule  log,  and,  as  it.s 

fragrant  smoke  curls  up,  tell  o'er  with  you,  in  garrulous  gussip,  of  the  grand  old 
days  a  hundred  N-ear*?  ago,  when  in  bloody  sweat  and  travail  of  soul  were  laid  the 
foundations  of  ti:is  goodly  heritage, — alike  for  us  and  for  you,  for  South  as  for  North, 
for  West  as  for  East, —  from  whose  lolty  towers  shall  be  forever  tlung  its  standard  of 
love  waving  in  the  breezes  of  heaven,  and  inscribed,  so  that  all  afar  off  may  read, 
"  Come  unto  me  all  ye  that  labor  and  are  heavy  ladea,  and  I  will  give  you  rest." 
And,  oh,  see,  from  our  sculptured  urns,  v.'itli  what  pleased  yet  anxious  serenity 
look  down  upon  us  Warren  and  Preseott,  and  Quincy  and  Hancock,  and  Otis  and 
Adams,  and,  interlocking  their  arms,  Uad-den  and  -Moultrie,  and  Marion  and 
Kutledge  and  Sumter!  And  there  comes  William  Washington!  How  his  face 
glows  wirh  its  old  fire,  a£  he  catches  sight  of,  and  points  Howard  and  Morgan  to  his 
cherished  oriflamme, — 

"  Which  at  Eutaw  shone  so  bright, 
And  as  a  dazzling  meteor  swept 
Through  the  Cowpens'  deadly  fight." 

Old  "3unker  Hill  grasps  it  in  his  arms,  and  by  the  memory  of  their  ancient  love,  by 
the  1  jcoUection  ot  their  blood-wrought  struggles,  by  the  tender  recall  of  the  tri- 
umphing cheer  which  is  s<i  often  wafted  from  the  swamps  and  fastnesses  of  the 
South,  he  kisses  it  Avith  fervor  true  as  ancient  knight,  and,  in  clarion  tones,  rings 
out  his  tribute  to  the  inspiring  guerdon  of  "a  woman  withal, — but  a  woman  whom 
Brutus  took  to  wife,  and  daughter  to  Cato  !" 

And  now,  my  friends,  when  this  hallowed  jubilation  is  o'er,  and  we  go  back  to 
our  homes,  what  message  shall  we  carry  to  our  reverenced  old  mother?  Never 
were  her  eons  prouder  of  her.  Never  clung  they  with  more  filial  closeness  to  her 
than  now  in  the  day  of  her  adversity.  Corruption  has  harried  her, — misrule  has 
revel'ed  over  her  ;  but  there  she  stands,  patient  and  undaunted,  in  all  her  matronly 
purity;  never  more  worthy  of  our  lovo  than  as,  unrufiled  amid  her  assailants,  she 

fathers  up  the  courtly  foMs  of  her  ro^e  in  majestic  self-rectitude,  her  stately  eye 
earning  with  the  fires  of  an  unstained  birthriudit,  and  casting  to  the  dust,  by  its 
transfigured  light,  the  approaches  of  insult  and  dishonor.  To  her  ear  the  national 
harp  has  oft  been  mule  to  sound  "  like  sweet  bells  jangled  out  of  tune  and  harsh."' 
But  there  is  a  ciiord  in  that  harp,  a  golden  chord,  which  still  vibrates  in  her  heart, 
'*  musical  as  Apollo's  lute,"  charming  as  the  harp  of  Orpheus.  It  is  the  chord  of 
these  ancient  memories  ;  it  is  the  string  in  that  iiarjj,  which  runs  from  Moultrie  to 
Bunker  Hill.  It  is  the  key  which,  struck  at  Concord  and  Lexington,  vibrates  to 
Eutaw  and  Kind's  Mountaio.  Shall  we  tell  her  that  you  have  sti-uck  that  chord, 
and  that  you  have  struck  it  with  the  note,  and  the  music,  and  the  trueness  of  ita 


1875.]  Proceedings  in  Boston,  Jane  17,  1875.  485 

ani'iout  son^?  If  so,  then  indeed  shall  this  day's  celebration  cauec  Bunker  Hill  ti> 
be  trt.'asurea  up  as  tlie  <lindow  uf  a  i^re:it  rock,  brinirinij  rfsr,  and  refrusliiuent,  aiid 
hope,  to  pii^riiuo  voru,  uud  Leavy,  and  weary,     llicn  shall  we 

"  Press  heavily  onward  ;  not  in  vain 

iour  ;;encriius  truf-t  in  human  kind  ; 
Tiie  sood  which  bloudr-he'd  could  not  jraiu 
i'our  peaceful  zeal  shall  tiud." 

General  Fitz  Hun;h  T^ee,  of  Virginia,  was  then  presented  and  ;^-ceted  witli  cnthn- 
siastie  cheers  by  the  meu,  and  the  waving  of  handkerchiefs  by  the  ladies,  lie  spoke 
as  follows  : 

Mr.  yio'jor  and  Ladirs  and  Genlkmen: — I  thank  you  fur  this  most  cordial  wel- 
come you  itave  extended  to  my  comrades  and  myself.  I  came  here  with  the  Norfilk 
Lii^ht  -Artillery  Blue?,  a  confederate  oriranization,  whone  '^un.~  liave  roared  up'^n 
many  a  hard-fought  fiuM.  As  we  arrivcJ  before  J'our  city  this  aftmioon,  and  were 
steaming  up  your  beautiful  harbor,  tiie  iir^x  notes  that  readied  me  from  the  band  of 
music  tiTut  to  meet  us  were  of  that  good  old  tune  calle'l  "  Auld  l^ing  Sync;"  and  I 
felt  1  was  not  going  to  Boston,  but  that  I  wa.^  returning  again  to  a  c  )riimon  Cinmtry 
and  a  common  heritage.  I  should  have  wished  that  my  poor  presence  would  have 
passed  unnoticed,  anLi  that  I  might  have  been  permitted  to  have  remained  a  silent 
visitor  in  Bo- ton. 

When  I  remember  that  this  is  the  first  time  I  have  ever  stepped  on  the  soil  of 
Massachusetts,  I  necessarily  feel  some  embarrassment  at  addres-ing  such  a  tpleudid 
:iailc::c,.  _o  i^  bv^L;u  i^.  ,  1,l»;,  v/iieu  I  rellocL  that  1  am  an  Aiacrie.ui  eitizen. — that 
I,  too,  am  a  descendant  of  those  men  who  fought  on  Bunker  Hill, — I  feel  that  I,  too, 
have  a  right  to  be  here  co  celebrate  their  splendid  deeds. 

"We  Come  here,  felloAv-citizens,  to  show  that  we  appreciate  the  achievements  of 
those  patriotic  forefathers  of  ours, — those  men  who  planted  the  seeds  from  which 
our  nation  sprung.  We  are  here  to  show  by  our  actual  presence  tliat  we  are  fully 
in  sympathy  with  the  sentiment  which  fjund  expression  upon  the  recent  Decoration 
Days,  when  loving  hau'^?  entwined  beautiful  flowers  about  the  graves  of  the  soldiers 
of  both  armies  without  distinction. 

I  recall  that,  right  here  in  Bosti)n,  one  hundred  years  ago,  a  patriotic  divine  spoke 
in  substance  as  follows  :  "  We  pray  thee,  U  Lord,  if  our  enemies  are  desirous  to 
fight  us,  to  give  them  fighting  enough  ;  and  if  there  are  more  on  their  way  across 
the  sea,  wc  pi  ay  thee,  0  Lord,  to  sink  th-em  to  the  bottom  of  it."  Now,  when  I 
see  this  magnihcent  demonstration,  when  my  eyes  look  on  yours,  beaminir  with 
friendliness  and  heartfelt  good-wdll  toward  me  and  mine,  I  feel  that  hereafter,  if 
foreiicn  or  domestic  foes  threaten  our  common  country,  ^Massachusetts  and  Virginia, 
Calitornia  and  Florida,  would  shout  with  one  voice,  •'  If  they  desire  to  tight,  let 
them  have  enough." 

I  may  be  pardoned  if  1  recall  to  your  minds  that  in  those  days  of  darkness,  when 
the  clouds  of  war  enveloped  your  Commonwealth,  my  state  of  Virginia  sent  right 
here  into  your  midst  him  who,  in  the  language  of  my  grandfather,  was  "first  in 
peace,  tivst  in  war,  and  first  in  the  hearts  of  hTs  countrymen  ;"  he,  in  the  language 
of  Andrev,' Jackson,  "  whose  character  cannot  be  t<w  profoundly  studied  and  his 
example  too  closely  fjllowed."  Washington  appeared  here  in  your  midst,  brought 
order  out  of  confusion,  and  saved  our  country.  1  thank  you,  ladies  and  gentlemen, 
most  cordially  for  the  manner  in  which  you  have  received  me. 

General  Judson  C.  Kilpatrick  was  nest  introduced,  and  spoke  as  follows  : 

FeUoic-Citizens : — I  am  proud  and  happy  to  assemble  with  you  here  to-night  on 
an  occasion  so' important,  not  only  to  the  people  of  Massachusetts,  but  of  the  whole 
nation, — an  occasion  involving  elements  so  sublime,  elements  which  inspire  feelings 
of  patriotism  worthy  of  Greece  in  her  best  days.  It  was  not  my  intention  to  say  a 
word  to-night.  I  entered  here  but  a  few  moments  ago,  and  had  the  pleasure  of 
hearing  Fitz  Hugh  Lee,  of  Virginia,  a  confederate  soldier,  who  wis  my  cavalry  in- 
structor at  West  l*oint,  and  whom  I  met  on  many  a  bloody  battle-iield  in  tiie  late 
war  of  the  rebellion.  And  I  rejoice,  fellow-citizens,  to  have  him  come  here  to-night, 
and  in  the  presence  of  this  magnificent  audience  shake  hamLs  once  again  with  us 
beneath  tlie  same  ol  1  L'nion  dag,  which  is  his  banner  as  well  as  ours.  I  re^ugnize 
the  fact  that  it  is  ten  long  years  since  the  last  hostile  shot  was  fired  and  since  the 
■war-clouds  rolled  away. 

TOL.    XIIX.  4=2 


48G  Proceedings  in  Boston,  June  17,  1875.  [Oct. 

[At  this  point  Gonewl  Sherman  appeared  upon  the  platfurui,  and  ■was  iDudly 
checrpc'.] 

It  will  not  be  bccomlnij  in  inc  to  continue  in  clie  prcsL-nci*  uf  one  so  well  known 
to  tl)iv  irrt-it  nation,  aiul  wlioni  yuu  wnulii  nuK-h  rntiior  hear  xpc-ak.  [Crie?*  of  "  (.ii> 
on.  \W'|'  I, -ir  Mm'  •■":'•  "I  '  ■".vas  ti'.uat  pajiii'/ tliat  tt-n  Lm;^  years  have  pa-'sed 
and  fone  sicce  tlie  Jat^t  hostile  shot  was  firc^i.  iM(jauiricnt6  of  stone  rcnr  aluf't  their 
head's  to  heaven  to-day  frum  ahnost  every  northern  villau'o,  teilinn  of  tlie  patriotic 
deeds  of  the  hravo  men  who  foui^hc  iu  Ireeduui's  cause.  Little  .tureen  mounds 
scattereij  all  over  too  .^unny  Snitli  are  watere*!  nlone  by  women's  tears,  and  women 
on  bended  kni'es  are  prayini:;  over  the  ruin:s  of  what  woro  once  palatial  homes,  and 
weeping  burning  tears  tor  dear  ones  who  will  return  no  more.  And  yet,  I  know 
there  are  men  in  thin  cuuntry  who  say  "  It  serv(:r<l  tlieni  right ;"  hut  if  they  would 
follow  over  the  wastetl  stretch  uf  Sherman's  mari^^-h  tiicy  would  fmd  that  the  beauti- 
ful sun  sliincB  there,  that  grain  may  grow,  and  that  green  gra>.s  and  flowers  forever 
bloom  aix)ve  the  tpotrf  where  brothers  beneath  opivising  bannefa  struggled  fijr  the 
mastery.  Let  us  .«hakc  handt!  here  to-niglit  on  this  haj)py  centennial  of  the  Ixittlo 
of  Bunker  HiU.  Let  us  unite  the  North  and  Suuth,  and  resolve  that  the  .«ame  did 
fla^,  henceforth  arid  forever,  before  us  or  aroond  us,  sliali  be  the  pride  of  our  triumph 
ana  the  shroud  of  our  burial. 

General  Sherman  was  then  presented.    He  said  : 

I  came  here  to-night  to  attend  a  levee  of  the  Mayor  of  the  city  of  Boston,  ■with  no 
intention  of  speaking  one  word  ;  and  I  hope  you  will  pardon  me  if  1  mei-ely  espres* 
myself  somewhat  amazed  to  find  myself  upon  the  plaltoim  here  to-night  in  the  pre- 
vonno  of  c->  T»o•r^y  g^- 1];':^.:;  _f  L^.wU,  Ci-iy  uiie  of  Viiium  can  make  a  I>etter  speech 
than  1  can.  To-murrow  you  will  hear  General  Devens  make  a  great  speech,  worthy 
the  occasion,  and  I  w;'nt  to  hear  it  very  much, — so  nmch  that  I  have  come  iiftoen 
hundred  miles  to  hear  it.  I  want  also  to  stami  where  Bunker  Kill  once  stood.  It 
is  all  graded  down  now  ;'  but  the  memory  uf  the  spot  will  laet  long  after  all  of  us 
have  disappeared  from  this  earth.  Brave  deoiJs,  noble  actions,  there  made  the  be- 
ginning of  our  nation.  The  deeds  done  that  day,  the  thoughts  thought  that  day, 
the  courage  manifested  that  day,  should  make  tliat  spot  as  pure  and  hoi}'  as  any 
spot  that  can  inspire  a  race.  I  therefore  simply  a<k  you,  gentlemen,  whose  faces 
are  turned  toward  me  to-night,  to  think  of  the  men  who  died  that  day.  What  has 
been  the  result?  A  nation  was  born  that  is  intluencing  the  world,  and  we  are  come 
thousands  of  miles  to  celebrate  its  birthday, — I'no  hundred  years  ago.  May  you  all 
be  betrer  for  it,  and  purer  for  it,  and  truer  lor  it,  and  kinder  to  each  other. 

General  Burnside  was  next  introduced  by  the  Mayor.    He  said  : 

I  came  here  ti>night  as  a  spectator,  and  I  am  not  in  the  least  prepared  to  address 
such  an  audience  as  this.  I  am  a  clumsy  speaker  at  best,  and  it  is  not  proper  that 
I  should  attempt,  on  the  spur  of  the  moment,  to  say  anything  to  an  assemblaire  like 
this.  The  occasion  is  one  of  great  importance,  and  every  patriotic  heart  in  the 
country  should  be  impressed  with  it.  it  is  my  hope  and  prayer  that  these  centen- 
nial days  may  be  so  observed  as  to  blot  out  all  feelings  of  envy  or  malice  which  were 
engendered  by  the  late  war.  I  am  tree  to  say  here  to-ni^ht  that  I  am  ready  to  do 
ever^-thing  on  the  face  of  the  earth  to  accomplish  this  ;  I  will  do  anything  but  ac- 
knowledge we  were  wrong  in  what  we  did  to  suppress  the  rebellion. 

At  the  close  of  General  Burnside's  address  there  were  calls  for  the  Honorable 
Henry  Wilson,  Vice-President  of  the  United  States.    Mr.  Wilson  said  : 

I  respond  to  your  call  only  for  a  moment,  and  I  respond  for  the  reason  that  I 
cannot  say  no.  We  have  listened  to-night,  while  we  liave  l>ien  welcomed  by  the 
Mayor  of  the  city  of  Boston,  who  has  spoken  the  wnnls  uf  the  whole  city.  This 
vast  audience  has  been  welcomed  here  to-ni:cht, — men  from  all  sections  of  our 
country, — by  the  Governor  of  the  State  of  Mas>acliu':ctts,  and  I  believe  he  has 
epoken  the  worib=  of  all  the  people  of  this  sot^d  old  Commonwealth.  We  have  heard 
a  response  from  b<juth  Carolina,  and  we  have  weh-omed  it.  We  have  heard  a  voice 
from  Old  Virginia,  and  we  have  welcomed  and  a[>plauded  it.  Here,  to-night,  as  a 
citizen  of  this  Commonwealth,  I  welcome  these  Tacii,  from  all  sections  of  the  coun- 
try, to  Massachusetts  ;  and  I  trust,  with  God's  bles-sing,  this  occasion  will  be  con- 

*  Gen.  Sherman's  langua^re  may  lead  some  to  suppose  tliat  Bunker  or  more  properly 
Breed's  Hill  hr.-^  been  levelled,  wh^jteas,  though  it  has  been  graded,  the  height  has  been 
but  shghtly  reduced.  • 


1875.]  Procecdhigs  in  Boston,  June  17,  1875.  487 

pecrated  to  patriotism,  to  manhood,  to  full  and  impartial  liberty  to  all  men  of  every 
kindred  and  mcv. 

I  ttusi  tli:it  we  shall  l>.'L'in  the  comiofr  ctntur\^  of  our  cuuiury  ■'A"ith  aii  ncceiitaiicu 
of  the  sublime  doctrine  ot  hftmon  rii^lit  that  one  huiidriAl  yenrs  aijo  {iiiiiiiated  tiic 
vicr.  \tI:ii  I.Tod  th.-'ir  hrrnsrs  on  Bunker  iiill.  I  bclicvo  I  Imve  i^>.'imi  already  in  the 
South,  in  tl'C  West,  in  tiic  central  States,  that  this  anniversary  fi-icivnl  of  ourn, 
callirij  us  ^ack  to  our  early  h.istory  and  the  grand  aehievenientri  oi  our  fathers,  is 
accouiphVhing  jaorc  i>r  oar  country  than  anyc^iini;  that  is  happfnini^.  It  is  bring- 
ing and  cementing  toi^ethcr  the  hearts  uf  our  peciplc,  and  Christian  men  on  l>endcd 
knees  should  pray  for  it,  patriotic  men  should  labor  for  it,  and  we  bhould  know  that 
we  live  in  a  country  that  is  to  he  our  country;  that  we  live  in  a  country  where 
men  of  all  races  are  brothers.  I  believe,  gentlemen,  that  we  sIk^uM  all  strive  tor 
harmony,  unity,  justice,  for  equal  rights  to  everybody  in  our  laud. 

This  cloi^  the  formal  part  of  tlie  exercises,  and  introductions  and  conversation 
followed. 

The  General  Court  having  made  the  Seventeenth  of  June,  1875,  a  legal  public 
holiday,  the  public  buildings  and  ofSces  throughout  the  state  were  closed,  and  all 
business,  except  that  connected  with  the  celebration,  was  suspended.  At  an  early 
hour  in  the  morning  the  various  organizations  which  were  to  take  part  in  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  day  b^.'g-an  to  arrive  in  the  city  and  take  pi>;ilii>n  in  the  places 
assigneii  to  them.  The  streets  were  thronged  by  peoj-le  from  all  parts  of  the  country, 
who  were  desirous  of  witne.-sing  what  promised  to  be  the  most  extensive  and  magni- 
ficPTit  rnilitnrv  and  civif  di-niay  ever  made  in  New- P'n inland. 

The  lavorable  state  ot  the  weather  aadea  greatly  to  liie  success  of  the  occasion  ;  a 
Tiiild  east  wind  prevailed  throughout  the  day,  and  tempered  the  heat  so  that  those 
.who  rjarchcd  in  the  pi-oce-sion,  and  those  who  stood  long  hours  in  the  streets  to  see 
it  pass,  were  enabled  to  do  so  without  discomfort. 

Ail  the  public  buildings  and  many  private  dwellings  and  places  of  business,  espe- 
cially those  aloncr  the"  route  of  the  procession,  were  liandsomcly  decorated  with  Sags, 
bunting  and  flowers.  At  all  points  of  historic  interest  connected  with  the  battle  of 
Bunker  ilili,  or  with  the  revolutionary  period,  iuscriptions  were  placed,  giving  a 
clear  and  concise  statement  of  tlie  event  commemorated. 

Across  the  northerly  end  of  Charles-river  avenue,  where  the  procession  entered 
City  square,  Charle.3towa,  a  triumphal  arch  was  erected.  One  ot  the  pillars  bore  a 
representation  of  the  battle  of  Bunker  Ilill,  with  the  date  "  1775  "  beneath  ;  on  the 
other  was  a  view  of  the  present  }Ionuiiient,  and  the  date  "  1875."  On  the  keystone 
of  the  arch  was  inscribed,  "  Heroes  of  Bunker  Hill,"  and  on  either  side  were  the 
names  of  Prescott,  Putnam,  Warren,  Knowlton,  Stark,  and  Pomeroy,— the  one 
first  mentioned  occupying  the  highest  place  of  honor.  At  nine  o'clock  in  the  morn- 
ing the  n<embers  of  theTity  Government,  the  guests  of  the  city,  and  the  persons 
invited  by  Ills  Honor  the  Mayor  to  join  the  procession,  as  sembled  at  the  City  Hall, 
and  proceeded  thence,  by  invitation  of  His  Excellency  the  Governor,  to  the  State 
House,  to  witness  the  military  review.  At  ten  o'clock  the  troops  moved  from  their 
rendezvous  on  the  Common,  pa.ssing  out  at  the  corner  of  Charles  street  and  Boylstjn 
street,  and  marched  through  Boylston,  Tremont  and  Beacon  streets,  past  the  review- 
ing party,  which  o■:c■upie^i  a  platform  in  front  of  the  State  House.  Tlie  iiiovement 
of  the  [irooession  was  son^ewhafc  delayed  by  the  review,  and  it  was  not  until  a  fjuar- 
ter  past  one  o'clock  that  the  Chief  Slarshul  was  enabled  to  enter  upon  the  line  of 
march.  The  formatitm  was  as  follows:  The  Chief  of  Police,  with  tifteen  mounted 
men  ;  The  Fall  River  Brass  Band  ;  The  Fourth  Battalion  of  Infantry  M.  V.  M..  Maj.T 
Austin  C.  Wellington  commanding;  General  Francis  A.  Oshorn.  Chjef  Marsiial. 
The  Members  of  his  Staff,  namely  :— CmI.  W .  V.  Hatchings,  Chief  of  Stalf,  Cyl. 
Cornelius  G.  Attwoo^l,  Adjutant  General.  Col.  Solomon  Hovey,  Jr.,  As-.istant  Adju- 
tant General,  Capt.  James  Thompson,  Chief  Ijuartermaster,  Lieut.  Edward  B. 
Richardson.  Chief  Signal  Olfioer.  Signal  Corps  :  Mr.  James  Swords,  Capt.  Nathan 
Appletun,  Capt.  Geo.  P.  Denny,  MrT  W.  A.  Tower,  Gen.  W.  U'.  Blackmar,  Col. 
Vi .  H.  Lonir.  Col.  Chas.  II.  Hooper,  Mr.  Jas.  Lawrence.  Mr.  A.  G.  Ilo<.iges,  Col. 
Nathaniel  Wales,  Mr.  Samuel  Tuckerm.an,  Capt.  G.  A.  Churchill,  Mr.  Arthur  L. 
Devens,  Capt.  W.  A.  Cuuthouv,  Mr.  M.  S.  P.  Williams,  Col.  Geo.  C.  Jo.-lin,  Mr. 
Otis  Kimbnli,  Jr.,  CI.  Louis  N.  Tucker,  Col.  John  C.  Whiton.Mr.  M.  A.  Ahirich, 
Mr.  J.  R.  Wul-ton.  Mr.  Wm.  M.  Paul,  Mr.  M.  F.  Dickins<.n,  Jr.,  Mr.  B.  F.  Hatch, 
Mr,  Uuward  L.  Porter,  Cn[>t.  Geo.  A.  Fisher,  }ilr.  Wendell  Go';.dwin,  Cant.  John 
Read,  Mr.  A.  W.  Hubart,  Major  William  P.  Shreve,  Capt.  A.  E.  Proctor,  Lieut.  11. 


488  Proceedings  in  Boston,  Jane  17,  1875.  [Oct. 

G.  0.  Colby,  Capfc.  Edward  F.  Devcns,  Mr.  U.  G.  Parker ,_Capt.  Chns.  A.  Campbell, 
Mr.  John  H.  I)r.n)er,  Mr.  C.  G.  1V;1-;C'.  Lieut.  Aui,'u-t;i.=;  S'.  Sanipsuii,  Mr.  James  tj. 
Ficenian,  aMr.  K.'  P.  Kennard,  Mr.  F.  \V.  Lincoln,  Jr.,  Mr.  G.  Henry  Williams, 
Capt.  Jub.n  H.  Alley. 

^Ia:?^a••hu^t;tts  VJlaalecr  }.IIlilIa  :  Prown's  Brigade  Band.  The  First  Corpf  of 
Cadccti  M.  V.  ^L,  Lieutenant  Culunt'l  Thomas  F.  Kdinaniis  commandin;;.  His  Ex- 
cellency William  Gaston,  Governor  and  C<)iinaandcr-iii-(.'luet'.  'i'he  Members  of  h\» 
Staff,  uaiiicly  : — .Major  (ien.  James  A.  Cunniughani,  Adjutant  General.  Col.  Isaac 
F.  Kingsbury,  As-si.-tant  Adjutant  General.  Col.  Albert  A.  llaL'gett,  As^iistant  In- 
spector General.  Pri:^.  Con.  P.  A.  Collins,  Jud^re  Advocate  (Jeneral.  Col.  Charle3 
"W.  Wi!d*T,  Assistant' Quartermatitei-  General.     Bii.ii;.  Geu.  William  J.  Dal.-,  Sur- 

fcon  General.  Col.  Joshua  P.  Tieadwell,  Assistant  iSurireon  General.  Col.  Edward 
yman,  Col.  James  A.  Rumrill.  Col.  Leverett  .S.  Tuckerman.  Col.  Edward  Gray, 
Aids  to  Comniand'jr-in-Chief.  Col.  Geori;c  II.  Cam[.b<'ll,  Military  Secretary.  The 
Salem  Brass  Pami.  The  Second  Corps  of  Cadets  ^NI.  V.  M  ,  Lieutenant  Colonel  A. 
Parker  Browne  comrnandini^.  Major  General  Penjan)in  F.  ]5atler,  conmiandinc; 
Division  Massachusetts  Militia.  The  Members  of  his  Stall",  namely  : — Col.  Kd;i:;ir  J. 
Sticrman,  As.<istant  Adjutant  General.  Col.  Yorick  G.  Hard,  Medical  Director, 
Lieut.  Col.  Edward  J.  Jones.  Assistant  InsiJector  <.ieucral.  Lieut.  Col.  Georire  J. 
Carney,  Assistant  Quartermaster,  ^lajor  John  V\'.  Kimball,  Enirineer.  Major 
Roland  G.  Usher,  Aide-de-camp.  Major  Edwin  L.  Barney,  J udi^e  Advocate.  The 
Second  Brigade  M.  V.  M.,  Erigadier  General  George  II.  Peirson  commanding.  The 
Lynn  Brass  Band.  The  Eighth  Pegiment  of  Infantry,  Col.  Benjamin  F.  Peach,  .Jr., 
commanding.  The  Sixth  Regiment  of  Infantry,  Colonel  Melvin  P>eal  commanding. 
The  Fifth  Kegiment  BanH.  Th?  Fifth  P.^iinJaL  of  Iniaiiuy,  Colonel  Ezra  J.  Trull 
commaudini:.~  The  Lawrence  Brass  Band.  The  Second  Pattalion  of  Liglit  Artillery, 
Mnjiir  George  S.  Merrill  cummanding.  The  Dunstable  Cornel  Band.  Companv  F, 
Unattached  Ca^  airy.  Ciielmsford,  Captain  Christopher  Roby  commanding.  The  First 
Brigade  M.  V.  M.,  Prigadier  General  Isaac  S.  Burrell  commanding.  The  2sinth 
Regiment  Band.  The  iS'inth  Regiuicnt  of  Infantry,  Colonel  Bernard  F.  Finan  com- 
mandinir.  The  First  Regiment  Band.  The  First  Re.L!:iment  of  Infantry,  Colonel 
Henry  W.  "Wilson  commanding.  The  Third  Regiment  Band.  The  Third  Reiriment 
of  Lifantrj-.  Colonel  Pradford  D.  Davol  commanding.  Tlie  National  Band,  Boston. 
The  Second  Battalion  of  Infantry,  Major  Lewis  Gaul  commanding.  The  Woon- 
socket  Brass  Band.  The  First  Battalion  of  Lii^ht  Artillcrj',  Captain  Charles  VV\ 
Baxter  commanding.  The  Chelsea  Brass  Band.  The  First  Battalion  of  Cavalry, 
Lieutenant  Colonel  John  H.  Roberts  commanding.  The  Third  Brigade  M.  V.  M., 
Brigadier  General  Robert  H.  Chamberlain  commanding.  The  Hartford  City  Band. 
The  Second  Regiment  of  Infantry,  Colonel  Joseph  B.  Parsons  commanding.  Rich- 
ardson's Band,  Worcester.  The  Tenth  Regiment  of  Infantry,  Colonel  James  M. 
Drennan  commanding.  The  Worcester  National  Band.  The  Fifth  Battery  of  Light 
Artillery,  Captain  John  G.  Rice  commanding. 

First  Dinsio* : — Major  Henry  L.  Higginson,  Cliief  of  Division.  Aids — Captain 
John  C.  Jones,  Assistant  Adjutant  General;  Mr.  Henry  Upliam,  Mr.  Wm.  B. 
Bacon,  Jr.,  Mr.  A.  C.  Tower,  Mr.  Daniel  C.  Bacon,  Mr.  Frank  Seabury.  This 
division  was  composed  of  military  organizations  from  other  states,  namely  : — The 
Seventh  Regiment  Band  nnd  Drunr  Corps.  New- York.  The  Seventh  Regiment 
National  Guard.  State  of  New-York,  Colonel  Emmons  Clark  commanding.  The 
First  Regiment  Band,  Pennsylvania.  The  First  Regiment  National  Guard  of  Penn- 
sylvania, Colonel  R.  Dale  Benson  commanding.  The  Second  Regiment  Band, 
Pennsylvania.  The  Second  Regiment  National  Guard  of  Pennsylvania,  Lieutenant 
Colonel  Harmanius  Neff  commanding.  Ringold's  Band.  Reaiiing,  Pa.  The  State 
Fencibles,  Phibdelphia,  Pa.,  Captain  John  W.  Ryan  commanding.  McClurg's 
Cornet  Band,  Philadelphia.  The  Washington  Grays,  of  Philadelphia,  Captain 
Louis  D.  Baugh  coramaiuling.  The  Independence  Band,  "Wilmington.  Del.  The 
Philadelphia  Gray  Invincililes,  Captain  A.  O.-car  Jones  commanding.  The  Ameri- 
can Erases  Band,  Providence,  R.  I.  The  Fir>^t  Rhode-Island  Light  Infantry  Regi- 
ment, Colinei  R.  H.  I.  Goddard  commanding.  The  National  Band,  Providence,  R. 
I  The  .Meagher  Guards,  Providence,  R.  I.,  Captain  Peter  McIIugh  commanding. 
Colt's  Armor>-  P-nd,  Hartford,  Conn.  The  Hillyer  Guards,  Hartford,  Conn., 
Captain  John'T.  Sherman  commanding.  Rejsetti's  P.and,  Wa-;hington,  D.  C.  The 
Washington  Light  Infantry,  Washingtun.  D.  C,  Captain  Willituu  G.  Mo-Dre  com- 
manding. The  <'T,)Vivnor  >i:raw  Rides,  Mwneliester,  N.  IL,  Colonel  John  J.  Dillon 
commanding.    The  Mansiieid  Guard,  Middletown,  Conn.,  Captain  R.  Graham  com- 


1S75.]  Procecdlnrfs  in  Boston,  June  17,  1875.  489 

manding.    The  Marine  Unnd,  U.  S.  N.,  Wr\shin:>ton,  D.  C.    The  Fifth  Maryland 

Ko'^'ijneiit,  Culonel  J.  Suii  kcr  Jenkins  cumuiamiirvcj. 

Second  Division  :— Colonel  Ilonry  R.  Sibley,  Chief  of  Division.  Aids— Captain 
<^c-ir'/o  R.  Kt<iso,  A««i«fint  Adiutiint  Ger-'-r-.l ;  Mr.  Kntire  U.  Parker,  Mr.  John  11. 
Deo, "Mr.  Georre  T.  Child?,  Mr.  1-A.l\vin  F.  Peiroo.  This  divisiun  included  tlic  City 
(.Tovernment  of  Bnt-tou.  the  Cru'jsts  of  tlie  City,  the  State  Guvernineiit  of  Mas^aeiiu- 
setts,  and  tiie  Guests  of  the  State,  in  earria^^es.  Tlio  foniinti'jn  a\;".s  as  iollnws  : — 
EdmaiKis'  Military  iiand,  with  Drum  Curiw.  Companies  D  and  K,  Filtli  Artillery, 
U.  S.  A.,  Brevet  Major  Genend  Kichard  Arnold,  C  S.  A.,  eoiniuandinu'.  City 
Government  and  Gucstd.  iiis  Ui^nor  Sauinol  C.  Cub'),  Mayor  of  H'.'-toii ;  5>iid  His 
Honor  William  11.  Wiekhran,  Mayor  uf  New- York.  General  Fit/,  John  Porter, 
Commissioner  of  Public  Works,  Xe\v- York  ;  Colonel  E.  L.  (Jaul,  Secretary  to  the 
Mayor  of  New-York  ;  Xt■l^onH.  Tappan.  the  Comptroller  of  New-York.  Aldermen 
John  T.  Clark  and  Tiiomas  i>.  Harris  ;  VA>  Honor  R.  L.  Fulton,  M:iyor  of  Gnlvcs- 
ton.  Texas  ;  and  Colonel  Ettinj;,  representing  His  Honor  Williiim  S.  Stukely,  Mayor 
of  Philadelphia.  Aldermen  S!  B.  Stebbins  and  S.  M.  Qaincy  ;  His  Honor  Peter 
Jones,  Mavor  of  Jacks'mville,  Fla.  ;  and  His  Honor  Joshua  L.  Simons.  Mayor  of 
AVilminaton,  Del.  Alderman  James  Povrer,  and  Ilalsey  J.  Bonrdiuan,  Esq.,  Pre- 
sident of  the  Common  Council ;  Hi?  Honor  W.  P.  Connerlay,  Mayor  of  W  ilmin.;ton, 
N.  C.  ;  and  His  Honor  R.  M.  Kiehardson,  Mayor  of  Pu'-tland,  Me.  Couneiluien 
Edwin  Sibley  and  Isaac  P.  Clarke  ;  His  Honor"  Henry  G.  Lewis,  Mayor  of  New- 
Haven,  Conn.  :  and  His  Honor  Alpheus  Gay,  Mayor  of  Manchester,  N.  H.  Council- 
men  Francis  H.  Peabody  ami  John  N.  Devereus  ;  Alderman  Maekey  of  Charleston, 
S.  C.  ;  and  Hon.  \Viiiiam  biirler  of  Philadelphia.  Financial  Airent  Centennial  Com- 
mission. Councilmen  Eugene  H.  Sampson  and  Curtis  Guild  ;  General  Jof^eph  R. 
Hawley,  President  of  the  C  S.  Centennial  Commission;  and  Alfred  T.  G.ishorn, 
Esq.,  Direetir  General  U.  S.  Centennial  Commission.  H..>n.  Daniel  J.  Morvell, 
Chairman  Executive  Committee  U.  S.  Centennial  Commission  ;  Dr.  Duckminster 
Brown,  husband  of  the  grand-daughter  of  General  Joseph  ^Varren;  Warren  Put- 
nam Newcomli.  great-great-grandson  of  General  Warren  and  General  Putnam;  and 
Dr.  Edward  ^Va^rea.  "  Hi>  Honor  Henry  L.  vVilliams,  Maj'or  of  Salem  ;  His  Honor 
Isaac  Bradford,  .Mayor  of  Cambridire  ;  His  Honor  Abraham  H.  Ilowiand,  Mayor  of 
iNew-Bedlord  ;  and  Hie  Honor  Jacob  M.  Lewis,  Mayor  of  Lynn.  His  Honor  D.  F. 
Atkinson,  Mayor  of  Nev.buryport  ;  His  Honor  R.  IL  Tewksbury,  !>Iayor  of  Law- 
rence; His  Honor  James  F.  Davenport.  Mayor  of  Fall  River;  and  His  Honor 
Charles  H.  Person,  ^Lxyor  of  Chelsea.  His  Honor  George  H.  Babliitt,  Mayor  of 
Tannton  ;  His  Honor  "VVm.  11.  Furber,  !^.Iayo^.of  Somerville :  His  Honor  W.  B. 
Pearsons,  Mayor  of  Holyoke  ;  and  His  Honor  Robert  R.  Fears,  Mayor  of  Gloucester. 
His  Honor  James  F.  C.llyde,  Mayor  of  Newton  ;  Hon.  Charles  Francis  Adams  ; 
and  Hon.  William  Gray.  "Mr.  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson,  Hon^  Ebenezer  Rockwo^d 
Hoar,  Mr.  Joseph  Heywood.  of  Concord,  and  Hon.  Otis  Norcross.  Mr.  \\  .  H. 
^lunioe  of  Lexington;' II  in.  Josiah  Quinev,  Hon.  Alexander  H.  Rice,  and  Hon. 
Joseph  ..I.  Wightman.  Dr.  J.  V.  C.  Smith,  ■Mr.  John  Citmmings.  of  "\7oburn  ; 
Hon,  J.  J.  Clarke,  and  Hon.  Linus  B.  Comins.  Hon.  Geo.  Lewis,  Hon.  J.  S. 
Sleeper,  ^Ir.  Joseph  W.  Tucker,  and  Hon.  E.  L.  Norton.  Hon.  Liverus  Hull,  Hjn. 
P.  J .  Stone,  Hon.  Jas.  Adams,  and  His  Honor  Alpheus  Currier,  Mayor  of  Haverhill. 
Members  of  the  City  Council  of  Boston  (not  included  in  the  Comniittee  of  Arrange- 
ments), and  lieads  of  City  Departments.  The  American  Band  of  Cambridge.  The 
National  Lancers,  Captain  Cyrus  C.  Emery  commanding.  The  State  (iovernmenr 
and  Guests.  Hon.  Henry  \Vilson,  the  Vice-President  of  the  United  States;  Hon. 
George  B.  Loring,  President  of  the  Massachusetts  Senate  ;  Mr.  Ju-tice  Strong,  of 
the  Lnited  States  Supreme  C"urt  ;  and  Rev.  W.  £.  Strontr,  of  Roximry.  Hon. 
Willard  P.  Phillips, 'of  Salem:  Rev.  Samuel  May,  of  Leicester;  His  Excellency 
Stephen  Preston,  the  Haytien  Minister;  and  His  Excellency  Senor  Don  Francisco 
Gonzales  Errazuriz,  the'Chiliau  Minister.  General  ^Villiam  T.  Sherman,  Major 
General  Irwin  McDowell.  Col.  J.  C.  Audenried  of  Gen.  Sliern^an"."  staff;  and  Hon. 
E.  D.  NVinslow.  Bvt.  Major  General  Nel:=on  A.  Miles,  5th  Infantry  U.  S.  A. ;  Bvt. 
Brigadier  General  0.  M.  Poe,  C.  S.  A.  :  Bvt.  Bri-adier  General  J.  E.  Tourtelhitte, 
of  General  Sherman's  staiT;  and  Bvt.  Major  General  E.  W.  llincks.  Bvt.  Brig. 
Gen.  T.  J.  Haines,  Col.  fheo.  T.  S.  Lai'dley.  Cap'.s.  W.  R.  Livermore  and  C.  E. 
Jewett.  Hon.  Hannibal  Hamlin,  U.  States  Senator  from  Maine  ;  Hon.  Thomas  W. 
Ferry,  United  States  Sena-itr  from  Miciii:ran  ;  Hon.  Ge orgo  S.  Boutwell,  United 
States  Senator  from  Massachusetts;  and  .Mr.  Er.'eh  H.^'Towne,  of  Worcester. 
Gen.  Thomas  Kilby  Smitli  of  Gen,  ShermaTi's  stall" ;  Hon.  C.  P.  Thompson,  Hon. 
VOL.  XXII.  42* 


490  Pj"jceeJii).r/s  in  Boston,  June  17,  1875.  [Oct. 

B.  W.  Ilarri-,  and  Ilnn.  KiifusiS.  Frivt,  f?eprcj=entntives  in  Con-.Tess  from  Maft=a- 
chufftts.  llun.  Eiii'etie  Half,  and  Hon.  J  )hn  H.  Bnvlci^-h,  Kepr-.-eiitativcH  i;i  Oir.- 
jrrt'.-is  iVom  .Vaint,  ;  11  ai.  .Jo!:n  K.  Tarlwx,  Ke()re!^('ntative  in  0>'iirres.s  from  Ma.-r.sa- 
chusetts;  and  Hon.  Waldo  Colburn.  Chandler's  Band,  of  Portlu'ud.  The  Portland 
Cadets,  Captain  N.  D.  Wir-  '  w  coir.!:iandii,^;,  esc  iriing  Hi--  Fsf.-elleney  Ncls-^n 
D.niiiu^v.  (Jr.,  (.1  ivcrnjr  of  Maine,  and  etatl":  J>)'iMkcr  Tin/ruas,  of  the  Maine  Huase 
of  P>epve^'eritanvi^<,  and  Hun.  Francis  I).  Steuman,  ot  the  Ma^sadiusefts  Senate. 
His  hxci'llt  noy  Pei^un  C.  C'honey,  (ic)vcnii'r  of  No\\-H;uap<hire,  and  stall".  Drum 
Corps.  Firsc  Company  O'overnur"?  Foot;  Guard  of  Hartford.  Major  Jolm  C  Par.«ons 
commanding;,  escurtint^  His  F;^:(?ellenoy  Charles  K.  In^'ersoll,  Governor  of  Connt.c- 
ticut,  and  staff;  General  Walter  Harrinian,  U.  S.  Naval  OHicer,  nivl  General  A.  15. 
Under \vij>.)d,  U.  S.  Surveyor,  of  Boston.  His  Fscelleney  Henry  Lij^jjitt,  GoVfrnor 
of  Rhode-Island,  and  .'•talT.  His  Excellency  Josejdi  \).  Be<ile,  (J'jveruor  of  New- 
Jersey,  and  staif ;  and  Hon.  T.  J.  Daeey,  of  tl'o  Mas^aehu-etts  Senate.  The  tirst 
troop  of  City  Cavalry,  Philadeljjhia,  cseortinfj;  His  Excellency  Joini  F.  Hartranft, 
Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  and  statl".  mounted.  His  Excellency  Adelhert  Ames, 
Governor  of  Mississ^'ppi  ;  His  Excellency  .J.  D.  Barley,  Governor  of  Michigan  :  Hon. 
GeoriTO  F.  Shepley.  .Judge  of  the  United  States  Circuit  Court ;  and  Hun.  George 
P.  Sanirer,  U.  S.  Disrric:  Attorney.  I\Ir.  Chief  Justice  Gray  and  A'^50Ciate  Justices 
Wells,  Endioott  and  Amis,  of  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court  of  Massachusetts.  Col. 
Geori^e  L.  Browne,  of  the  Old  Gn;ird,  St;ite  Fencibles  of  Puiladel[ihia  ;  ex-Gov. 
Emory  Waslibarn  :  Ih^n.  Wm.  A.  Simmons.  Collector  of  the  port  of  Buston.  Lieut. 
Gov.  Horatio  G.  Knight,  and  Hon.  Gci).  Whitney,  Hon.  Seth  Turner  and  Hon.  Geo. 
O.  Brastow.  Hon.  V.  H.  Brewster,  Hon.  Alden  Lcland,  Hon.  J.  K.  Baker  and  Hon, 
E.  H.  Dunn,  of  the  Executive  Council.  H^^n.  R.  Couch;  Senator  Wm.  H.  Pinllips, 
of  p—h  l:irj  ;  ind  St,ai.tLur  Geo.  A,  Davis,  of  Essex.  Hon.  Oliver  "Warner,  Secretary 
of  State;  Ilon.Charl's  Aiiams,  Jr.,  Treasurer  and  Receiver-General;  Hon.  Charles 
Endicutt,  Auditor  ;  and  Ihra.  Charles  R.  Train.  Attorney-General.  Mr.  Charles 
Hale  of  the  House,  Lnsigr>  H.  Kellocrg.  Charles  A.  Phelps,  ex-Speakers  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  ;  and  Col.  Joseph  A.  Harwood,  of  the  Senate.  The  members  of 
the  Senate  and  Hou.se  of  Representatives  of  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts. 

Thfrd  Divisi'-n'. — Colonel  Charles  E.  Fuller,  Chief  of  Division.  Aids — Col.  F. 
R.  Appleton,  Assistant  Adiutant  General;  Col.  S.  D.  Warren,  Jr.,  Col.  J.  H. 
Welles,  Capt.  jtoswell  C.  Dowuer,  Lieut.  Henry  E.  Warner,  Col.  J.  L.  Baiier. 
This  divisi;in  was  comoosed  of  the  fbllowini;  or::;anizations : — The  Massachusetts 
Comnnindery  of  the  Military  Order  of  ti:e  Loyal  Legion  of  the  United  States,  under 
command  of  General  Francis  W.  Palfrey,  accorapanied  by  Major  General  A.  E. 
Burn^'ide.  [On  the  top  of  the  staff  which  bore  their  Ijanaer  was  perched  a  solid 
silver  eagle,  which  -sras  presented  to  the  New-England  Guards,  by  Arnold  Welles,  in 
1812.  It  was  carried  by  the  Guards  at  the  laying  of  the  corner-stone  of  Bunker 
Hill  Monument,  lc-25,  and  again  at  the  completion  of  the  Monument,  1843. J  The 
Bunker  Hill  Monument  Association,  in  carriages;  President  George  Washington 
Warr-  n  ;  with  Hon.  Cbarles  Devens,  .Jr.,  the  orator  of  tlie  day:  The  Officers  of  the 
Grand  Lodge  of  Masons  in  Massachusetts,  Percival  L.  Everett,  Grand  >Laster.  [The 
Grand  Master  wore  the  apron  which  belonged  to  General  Joseph  Warren  at  the  time 
ot  his  death.  Dr.  Winslow  Lewis,  Deputy  (irand  Master,  wore  the  apron  once  be- 
longing to  Gen.  Lafayette,  and  which  was  worn  at  the  iaj-ing  of  the  crner-stone  of 
Bunker  Hill  Monument.]  The  New-England  Historic,  Genealogical  Society,  ia 
carriages  ;  the  tirst  being  the  carriage  formerly  belonging  to  Governor  Eustis,  and 
in  wliicii  Lafayette  was  accustomed  to  ride  wlicn  he  was  his  guest,  occupied  by 
the  Hon.  Marshall  P.  Wilder,  President  of  the  society,  \Villiam  E.  Baker,  owner  of 
the  carriage,  and  Messr".  Francis  Dane  and  William  H.  Wilder.  The  other  delegates 
■were  the  Hon.  George  C.  Richard.-on,  Col.  Almon  D.  Hodges.  Hon.  Lorenzo 
Sabine,  Benjamin  G.  Smith,  the  Hon.  (Jeorge  Coix'^wcll,  the  Hon.  Jacob  Sleeper, 
the  Hon.  James  W.  Clark,  John  Ward  Deane,  Frederic  Kukler,  the  Hon.  Thomas 
C.  Amory,  Stephen  G  Debl'is.  t!ie  Rev.  Samuel  II.  Riddel,  David  Pulsifer,  the 
Hon.  James  W  .  Au==tin,  Joseph  H.  W  ard.  Jo.-iah  A.  Stearns.  Edmund  T.  Eastman, 
M.D.,  Ai  el  B  ill.  M.D.,  John  -J.  May,  F.  Y.  Hassam,  Alfred  G.  Carter,  and  George 
W.  Ware.  The  American  Antiquarian  Socletv  of  Worcester,  in  a  carriaire.  Dele- 
gates :  S.  F.  Haven.  E=q.,  Joseph  Sargent,  :M.D'..  Rufus  Woodward.  M.D., "Nathaniel 
Paine,  Esq.  Pilgrim  Association  of  Plymouth.  Dele::utes  :  W.  T.  Davis,  President ; 
I.  N.  Stoddard,  W.  S.  Danf^irth.E.  C.  Sii-rman,  .>V' .  H.  Whitman.  The  M-ssa- 
chusetLs  Society  ot  thi-  (.trder  of  t'lC  Cincinnati,  forty  delegates  ia  carriages,  under 
President  Rear-Admiral  U.  K.  Thatcher.    Eliot  Band  of  Boston.    The  Massachu- 


1875.]  Proceedings  in  Boston,  June  17,  1875.  491 

setts  Chnritahlo  Mochatiiort'  Association,  President  Nathaniel  Adums.  Massachu- 
setts Veti-T.ins  of  IrtlC.  A^suciation  roT-irc^enteil  hj-  Mnjor  Nn.thnri  Warren.  Tl;e 
Boston  Charitable  Irish  Society,  Bernard  (Jorr,  Pretidoiit. 

ForrxTT  ■DrTr'THN-.— rcl.  Thomns  L.  Livcrmore,  Chisf  of  Division.  Aids — Col. 
Charles  V,.  Han^ood.  Assistant  Adjutant  General  ;  Col.  Thouia.-)  p]  Barker,  Col. 
Daniel  R.  Cr.'ss,  Major  Bcnjanun  F.  W'eekf,  Major  Geo.  E.  J-'aycrweather.  'i'hia 
divisioD  was  eonipo>ed  uf  V(.ti.r;\r;  organizations  I'ornicd  into  a  iirixaUe,  under  the 
comraand  of  Major  Dexter  H.  Follett,  as  follows:  'i'lie  Gerniania  Band  of  Boston. 
The  Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery  Comjianj',  or:,'anized  in  Hj3S,  iMnjor  General 
Nathaniel  B.  Banks  Cuuimanding.  The  Kedwood  Band  of  Newport,  R.  I.  The 
Newport  (R.  I.)  Artillery  Veteran  Ast^ociation,  organized  in  1711,  Culnnel  Juliue 
Sayer  commanding,  accompanied  by  officers  of  tlic  Newport  Artillery  Company. 
The  United  States^Naval  Band  of  Portsmouth,  N.  II.  'Jhe  Ne\vhury]).)rt,  }*ias.-:., 
Veteran  Artillery  Company,  organized  in  n75,  dd.  E.  P.  Stone  commanding.  Tlie 
Saunders  Band  of  i'eabody,  Ma.-s.  The  Salem  (.Ma-s.)  Liglit  Infantry  \'etei-an  As- 
eociation,  or:janized  in  1S05,  Col.  John  P.  Fellows  commanding.  The  Veteran 
Association  Band  of  Providence.  The  First  Light  Infantry  Veteran  As.sociatiou  uf 
Providence,  R.  I.,  organised  in  IS  18,  Major-General  W.  \V.  Brown  commanding. 
The  Veteran  Seventh  Regiment  Baud,  New- York.  The  Veteran  National  Guard, 
7th  Regiment,  State  of  New- York,  Colonel  Marshall  Lelferts  commanding.  The 
Manchester  (N.  IJ.)  Cornet  Band.  The  Amoskeag  Veterans,  of  Manchester,  N.ll., 
Major  George  C.  Gilmore  commanding.  The  Putnam  Phalanx  Brum  Corps.  The 
Putnam  Phalanx,  of  Hartford,  Connecticut.  Major  Henry  Kennedy  commanding. 
Tlovr-ninrr's  'sinth  Fec-iTnenr,  Band,  of  New-York.  The  Old  (Tnnni".  of  New-York, 
Major  G.  \\  .  McLean  commanding,  accompanied  by  Bvt.  Brigadier  General  ^^'ash- 
ington  Iladley,  J.  T.  Howe,  Esq.,  Major  J.  VV.  Hazlet,  and  C.  D.  Fredericks,  Esq. 
The  Washington  Lig'it  Infantry,  of  Charleston,  S.  C,  Major  R.  C.  Gilclirist,  Firsc 
Lieutenant,  commandintr,  accompanied  by  Col.  Thomas  Y .  Simons,  Col.  A.  O. 
Andrews,  J.  Lawrence  Honour,  Esq.  The  Norfolk  Light  Artillery  Blues,  of  Nor- 
folk, Va.,  four  guns.  Captain  James  \V.  Gilmer  commanding.  Carnages  contain- 
ing, as  guests  of  the  Blues,  Gen.  Fitz  Hugh  Lee,  who  conmianded  a  division  of 
Confederate  cavalry  during  the  late  war  ;  Col.  Walter  H.  Taylor,  wlio  was  Adjutant- 
General  to  Gen.  Robert  £.  Lee  ;  Col.  Stark,  who  commauded  Norlolk  troops  ;  Capt. 
E;  B.  White,  who  was  of  the  Confederate  Navy;  Mr.  M.  Glennan  of  the  Norf(dk 
Virginian;  and  C.  E.  Perkins  of  the  Norfolk  Landmark.  Drum  Corps.  Old 
ColumbiaTis,  organi;:ed  in  1792,  Capt.  Michael  Doherty  commanding.  Amesbury 
Veteran  Artillery  Association  Baud.  The  Amesbury  and  Salisbury  Veteran  Asso- 
ciation, Capt.  Newell  Boyd  commanding.  Decorated  carriage,  containing  twelve  old 
sailors,  and  also  a  piece  of  ordnance  cast  in  1736,  and  taken  from  Fort  Point  channel. 

Fifth  Division. — Chief  of  Division,  Gen.  J.  Gushing  Edmands.  Aid-— Col. 
Edward  B.  Bladand,  Assistant  Adjutant  General  ;  Capt.  i'.  R.  Mattliews,  Gen.  E. 
Blake=lee,  Lieut.  V»'m.  H.  Bird,  Lieut.  C.  M.  Haley.  American  Band  of  Buston. 
Lexington  Minute-Men,  Acting  Major,  E.  L.  Zaiinski,  U.  S.  A.  Boston  School 
Regiment  Drum  Corps.  Boston  School  Regiment,  Colonel  William  B.  Lawrence 
commanding.  The  Latin  School  Battalion,  Major  Edward  Robinson  commanding. 
First  Battalion  English  High  School,  .Major  E.  C.  Wilde  commandnig.  Second  Bat- 
talion English  High  School,  Major  George  Niekerson  comman(iing.  "  The  Higldand 
Battalion,  Major  A.  L.  Jacobs  commanding.  Drum  Corps.  The  Cambridge  Cadets, 
of  East  Cambridge,  Capt.  E.  A.  Ci>oney  commanding.  Drum  Cor[is.  The  Chelms- 
ford Minute-Men,  of  Chelmsford,  .Mass.  The  Boston  Caledonian  Club,  John  Stark, 
Chief.  The  Thorudike  Horse  Guards,  of  Beverly,  Captain  Hugh  Hill  commanding. 
The  Magoun  Battery,  of  Medford,  Captain  Charles  Russ,il  commanding.  Tne 
Franco-Belgian  Benevolent  Society,  in  barouches,  with  American,  French  and 
Belgian  colors.    The  Boston  Highland  Benevolent  Association,  in  a  barge. 

Six-rn  DiTisioN.— Chief  of  Division,  Charles  B.  Fox.  Aids— Col.  Francis  S. 
Hessi-ltine,  Major  Cyrus  S.  Haldeman,  Major  Frank  Goodwin,  Lieutenants  Henry 
D.  Pope,  an.MVilliam  Chickering.  Charles  Russell  Lowell  Post  x\o.  7,  G.  A.  R., 
Thomas  ]\L  Kenney,  commander.  Berry's  Band  of  lyowell.  Benjamin  F.  Butler 
Post  No.  42,  of  Lowell,  G.  W.  Iluntoon,  commander.  Stonehani  Urass  Band. 
Radiant  Srar^Council  No.  5,  Order  of  United  American  Mechanics  of  South  Boston, 
Command' r  Edward  Is;iacs.  Delegates  trora  Bay  state  Council  No.  1,  uf  Bo-ton; 
Bunker  Hill  Council  No.  2,  of  Charlestown  ;  lligh  Rock  Council  No.  6,  of  Lvnn  ; 
Harvard  Council  No.  9,  of  Cambridge  ;  Israel  Putnam  Council  No.  10,  of  Boston  ; 


492  Proceedings  in  Boston,  June  17,  1875.  [Oct. 

Niagara  Council  No.  11,  of  Salem;  Warren  Council  No.  13,  of  Lynn;  Abraham 
Lineuln  Council  No.  14.  of  Sorncrville  :  S;iLr:unore  Council  Ni.  l."),  oth"  uilT'is  ;  \\m\- 
bury  Council  ^o.  17,  ol'  li..^tnn  Hiu;lil.'iiiis  ;  nil  laeiiihers  of  tlif  <J.  L'.  A.  M.  'iriran- 
ization.  Delegates  froi a  the  Junior  Onler  Uiiiteii  Anieric;in  MechaiiicH  "f  .M:i--a- 
chusetts.  Keprcscntativf^-^  of  the  iNatioiuil  and  Mas?achuHftt.s  State  Council.';,  0.  L  ._ 
A.  M.,  in  h?'-o;t^!-rs.  ijoud'ti  r.rass  Hand,  of  Uussbm.  Ivanhoo  Lodj^'e,  Knig'tits  of 
l^ytliias  No.  13,  ofCtinrle.stown,  '1'.  \\ .  Paine,  comniandcr.  Dele<rates  from  Wn^h- 
instou  I-od_:^e  No.  10,  of  South  P>fiston  ;  Coinnionwealth  Lo<ige  ^^o.  1*J,  ot  Boston  ; 
Kin':,-  Solomuu  Lodirc  No.  18,  of  But^ton  ;  Socrates  Lddire  No.  21  of  South  Bn-fcn  ; 
OldX^olony  Lodi^e  No.  4.3,  of  Abiuirton  ;  Mattapan  Lodirc  No.  44,  of  l)orche.-ter ; 
all  Knights  of  Pythias.  American  Brass  Band  of  Suncwk,  N.  H.  Oriental  Lodge, 
Knights  of  Pytiiiiis,  of  Suncodk,  N.  IL,  li.  D.  Wuc^d,  oonnaandcr.  Johnson's 
Drum  Corps.  Colored  Veteran  A'^-ociati-JU,  Major  Burt  Smith  cnmmanding.  Del- 
egates from  the  Colored  ^'eteran  Ass(K-iatiijn  of  Norfnlk,  Va.,  accompanied  hy  In- 
spector General  J.  Mullen,  of  the  Grand  Army  Urder  of  Virginia,  and  North  and 
South  Caruliua. 

Seventh  Diviston'.— John  T.  Bnmrick,  Chief  of  Division.  Aids— Edward  Rilev, 
Assistant  Adjutant  General;  Patrick  O'Riorden,  Dennis  Crowley,  Jamfs  II.  Lom- 
bard, T'Diothy  C.  Mahuuey,  Daniel  lleHernan.  The  Divi«;ion  was  composed  of 
Catholic  Benevolent  Societies,  as  follows  : — O'Connor's  mounted  Band.  Knights 
of  St.  Patrick,  composed  of  two  mounted  companies,  one  from  Boston,  Capt.  J^yuns 
commanding;  another  from  Lawrence,  Mass.,  Timothy  Dacey  cummanding.  Com- 
pany A,  of  the  Legi(ni  of  Sc.  Patrick,  Gen.  J.  li.  Ilonchon  commanding.  The  Unit- 
ed Association  of  American  Illhernians  of  South  Boston,  Juiui  McCaffrey,  Clief 
Marshal.  Union  Brass  Band  <d'  iynv.  St.  J.joph  Cauets,  Capt.  J.  F.  Lynch  cnvi- 
rv;::ding.  Si;.  Joscpn  Drum  Corps.  Ancient  Order  of  Hibernians  in  several  divi- 
sions, r-imely  : — Division  No.  1,  of  Boston,  La\vrcnce  Donovan  commanding.  Bel- 
knap Puasa  Baud,  of  Quincy.  Division  No.  2,  of  East  Boston,  John  C.  McDe\itt 
commanding.  Division  No.  3,  of  Jamaica  Plain,  D.  J.  Curley  commanding.  Brook- 
line  Band.  Divi-ion  No.  4,  of  Boston,  J.  J.  Leevens  commanding.  Brookline  Hi- 
bernian Band.  L)ivision  No.  5,  of  ."ialem,  Timothy  Foley  commanding.  Lynn  Cor- 
net Band.  Division  No.  8,  Jamaica  Plain,  James  McMorrow  commanding.  Dele- 
gation of  the  American  Society  of  Hi!)ernians  in  a  barouche. 

LiGRTH  Division. — John  O'Brien,  Chief  of  Division.  Aids — Lawrence  P.  Fur- 
long. Assistant  Adjutant  General  ;  Patrick  Coyle,  J.  H.  O'Neil,  A.  J.  Phillip,  L. 
C.  Dugan  ;  Orderly,  John  Calanan.  Hibernia  Brass  Band,  Natick.  Fulton  Ca- 
dets, Caf  t.  J.  J.  Barry  commanding.  St.  Valentine  Cadets,  two  companies,  Major 
Thomas  Kelley  commanding.  St.  Valentine  Total  Abstinence  Society,  Marshal,  T. 
H.  Good.  Cathedral  Cadets,  Captain  M.  Mahoney  commanding.  Drum  Corps. 
Father  Matthew  Cadets,  Maiden,  Captain  D.  J.  "Murphy  commnnding.  Ixiyol.i 
Temperance  Cadets,  Melrose,  Captain  James  C.  Campbell  commanding.  HiL'hland 
Drum  Corps.  Cathedral  Temperance  Society,  ^larshr.!,  J.  J.  Nolan.  St.  Joseph 
Total  Abstinence  Society,  Marshal,  Jeremiah  Sheehy.  Father  Matthew  Drum 
Corps.  Father  Matthew  Total  Abstinence  Society,  Lynn,  MnrshaL-Jo-^eph  Murpiiy. 
South  Boston  Division,  Total  Altstinence  S:>ciety,  Marshal,  E.J.  Flaherty.  Drum 
Corps.  Gate  of  Heaven  Cadets,  Colonel  B.  Haynes  commanding.  Drum  Corps. 
St.  Vincent's  Total  Ab-tinencc  Society.  Marshal,  "l'>.  Fahey.  SaxonviUe  Brass  Band, 
with  Drum  Corps.  Snints  Peter  andPaul  Total  Abstinence  S<Kiety,  Marshal,  Wil- 
liam Ward.  Drum  Corps.  St.  Augustine  Total  Aijstinence  Society,  xMar-!ial, 
Michael  Creed.  Sjuth  Boston  Young  Men's  Total  Abstinence  Society,  Marshal, 
C.  J.  Ford.  St.  James  Temperance  Drum  Corps.  St.  James  Total  Abstinence 
Society,  ^^larshal,  Jarae^  Cotter.  Dram  Corps.  St.  James  Young  Men's  Total  Ab- 
stinence Society,  Marshal,  L.  J.  Crowley.  Drum  Cor])s.  Siint  Rose  Totn.l  Absti- 
nence and  Benevolent  S(jciery,  Chelsea,  Marsiial,  Daniel  McGivern.  Saint  Rose 
Cadets,  CheLea,  Capt.  Willi. ua  Evans  coiamaniling.  St.  Stephen  Drum  Corps. 
Saint  St-'plicn  "Guard  of  Honor"  Cablets,  Major  J.  H.  Flaherty  commanding. 
Independent  Band.  F^ast  Boston.  St.  Stephens  Total  Abstinence  Society.  Marshal, 
John  U.  Rohen.     East  Boston  Total  Abstinence  Society,  Marohal,  P.  J.  Flanagan. 

Nr.vTn  DivtSTO.v. — Levi  L.  Willcutt,  Esq.,  Chief  of  Division.  Aids— Major  Chas. 
B.  \V'hittemore,  Assistant  Adjutant  General ;  Cai)tain  Fred  R.  Shattuck.  Mr.  Nel- 
son V.  Titus,  iMi.  Charles  F.  Curtis,  ^ir.  Fran<is  H.  Willcutt,  Mr.  Benjamin  W. 
Parker,  Mr.  George  L.  Dan, on.  .Mr.  William  B.  Pearce,  Mr.  Charles  M.  Diinlap, 
Mr.  Alfred  S.  Taylor,     This  ■iiviai.jn  was  composed  uf  representations  from  the  mer- 


1875.]  Proceedings  in  Boston,  June  17,  1875.  493 

chant?,  mf ohanics  and  nianiifactiirers  of  I'oston.  Althoiiirh  the  ])ropf'sition  to  make 
such  a  display  ^va';  nut  act'-'d  upon  uiuil  a  few  days  htfuro  the  celebration  was  to 
uke  place,  it  vas  then  entered  into  with  sueli  entiiiisia.-^iii  as  to  produce  the  nii)>fc 
gratifyini;  ret^ult.  The  extent  and  variety  of  the  exhibition  has  never  been  eiiualled 
I'x  tlii'i  C'.;  Lin  try.  T!;crc  •.vcrj  two  luindred  and  thirty-three  bu.sinei^n  hou=fH  and 
manufcictories  represented  by  four  hundred  and  twenty-one  tcamw,  liftceii  hundred 
and  eighty-seven  luirne><ed  hor^^^cs,  and  twelve  hundred  men.  Most  of  the  teams 
were  hand-nuely  decorated,  and  many  uf  them  Imre  in.-criptitins  of  a  patriotic  or 
humorous  character.  The  wagons  were  loaded  with  tlie  articlen  pnld  or  produced 
by  tlie  exhibitors,  and  it"  ?omc  cases  with  workmen  who  appeared  in  the  exercise  of 
their  vocation.  The  tinecit exhibitions  were  made  by  the  furniture-d-.-alcr.s,  piano  and 
organ  manufaoturei-s,  gla-vJ-blowers,  leatlier-dealers,  grocers,  brewerc,  bakers,  and 
florif ts.  The  brewers  aojieared  with  fifty  wagons  and  one  hundred  and  eight  horecs  ; 
the  furniture-dealers  with  tb.irty-eix  wagons  and  eighty-six  horse-;;  the  piano  and 
organ  manufacturers  with  twenty-eight^  wagons  and  ninety  horses — one  tirm  alone 
having  twelve  four-horse  teams  ;  and  the  leatiier-<Jealer6  with  nineteen  wagons  and 
fifty-two  horses.  T!ie  furniture-dealers  and  tlie  bakers  were  jireceded  by  bands  of 
music.  This  division  closed  the  procesdion.  Throughout  the  route  the  sidewalks 
and  fronts  of  buildings  were  crowded  with  spectators.  In  many  places  where  there 
.were  vacant  lots,  plati'ornis  or  tiers  of  seats  had  been  erected,  and  were  let  at  biirh 
prices.  From  an  official  return  obtained  from  the  several  steam  railway  companies 
■whose  cars  enter  the  city,  it  appears  that  the  number  of  persons  brought  into  the 
city  in  that  way  during  the  day  was  one  hundred  and  forty  thousand.  If  we  add 
to  this  tlie  number  of  persons  who  arrived  previous  to  that  day,  and  the  number  of 
our  own  ci^'i^on^  who  wcrf^  called  out  bv  tb'^  di«pbiy,  it  is  eviicnt  that  the  proces- 
sion was  witnessed  by  not  less  than  five  hundred  thousand  people.  The  chief  officers 
of  the  City  rud  L'-^tate,  and  their  distinguished  guests,  were  greeted  with  cheers  and 
shouts  of  wei?omc  as  they  passed  along  the  crowded  streets. 

The  scene  on  Culuuibus  avenue,  as  the  long  column  of  troops  passed  up  from  Dart- 
mouth street,  was  especially  grand  and  imposing.  The  houses  were  all  richly  deco- 
rated with  flags,  banners,  shields,  pictures  and  mottoes.  At  the  head  of  the  avenue, 
where  the  procession  turned  into  Chester  park,  a  large  ornamented  stand  had  been 
erected,  with  seats  rieing  one  above  another.  The  upper  seats  were  occupied  entire- 
ly by  school  children,  who  waved  miniature  flags  as  the  troops  passed  along,  keeping 
time  in  their  motions  with  the  music  of  the  bands. 

,     The  time  occupied  by  the  procession  in  passing  a  given  point  (all  delays  being  de- 
dacted)  was  three  hours  and  fifty  minutes. 

The  services  on  Bunker  Hill  Vv'ere  held  in  a  large  pavilion,  erected  on  the  south- 
erly side  of  the  Monument  gi-ounds.  The  civic  portion  of  the  procession  reached 
the  hill  about  a  quarter  before  six  o'clock,  and  the  seats  in  the  pavilion  were  soon 
filled.     The  platform,  which  faced  the  J^Ionument,  was  occupied  by  the  distinguished 

giests  o"  the  Monument  As,-=ociation,  the  City,  and  the  State.     At  six  o'clock  Col. 
enry  ''•ralker,   Chief  Marshal  of  the  Association,  called  the  company  to  order, 
and  said  : — 

Ladies  and  Gejitlemen :  —  I  have  the  pleasure  of  introducing  to  you  the  Hon. 
George  Washington  "Warren  as  President  of  the  Bunker  Uill  Monument  Association 
and  as  President  of  the  Daj'. 

Judge  Warren  advancing  to  the  front  of  the  platform,  said  :  — 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen  : — With  devout  thankfulness  for  the  auspicious  manner  in 
•which  this  day  has  been  observed,  let  us  look  up  to  the  Supreme  Being  tor  His 
blessina:. 

The  Rev.  Rufus  Ellia,  D.D.,  pastor  of  the  First  Church  of  Boston,  then  offered 
prayer. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  prayer,  the  Apollo  Club,  of  Boston,  under  the  direction 
of  Mr.  B.  J.  Lang,  sang  the  hymn,  entitled  "  Prayer  Before  the  Battle." 

The  oration  of  Mr.  Justice  Devens  then  followed.  The  orator  was  listened  to 
with  close  attention,  and  was  frequently  applauded.  At  the  conclusion,  Hon.  E.  R. 
Hoar  proposed  three  cheers  for  General  Devens,  which  were  heartily  given.  After- 
ward, the  Apollo  Club  sung  a  hymn,  written  by  Charles  James  Sprague. 

Judge  Warren  then  addressed  the  audience  as  follows  : 

This  is  the  first  centennial  anniversary  of  Bunker  Hill.  The  century  just  passed 
has  presented  to  its  successors  yonder  national  Monument  of  gratitude  to  the  heroic 


49d  Proceedings  in  Boston,  June  17,  1875.  [Oct. 

fathers  of  the  republic.  Erected  under  the  supervision  of  Solomon  TVillnrd,  thn.t 
renowned  architeot  who  spurned  to  take  the  pnipor  coinpcnsiitiMn  for  lii-^  eiirhtcen 
ycair*'  service,  lieinL'  a  d':scend;int  of  a  ;;aHant  otlleer  who-^e  reui;iJns  lie  at  the  1>>)1 
of  this  hill,  ooLisecratpiI  at  its  cuuimeneeiuent  and  completion  by  the  majestic  Web- 
ster, whose  words  etill  live,  and  can  never  fail  ti)  instruct ;  iuipelled  in  its  proi,^ret-'3 
hv  ffip  c-.il-orv- :...'!,  all-uJi'.suasive  hverett, — tlie  C(jntribution  of  the  whole  [>e'>ple, 
to  which  Louisiana,  Snuth  Carolina,  and  tlie  otiier  States  joined  with  Massachusetts, 
it  stands  the  silent  orator,  cathorintr,  in  its  massive  form,  all  the  time-hallowed  as- 
sooiatiuns  uf  the  place  ;  and.  as  it  lilts  its  gray  head  to  keep  comjiany  with  tlie  star?, 
and  takes  note  as  impressively  as  they  of  the  centuries  that  are  to  fuliow.  may  it  be 
to  all  the  inhabitants  to  t]\e  remotest  a^e  an  inspiration  t-D  patriotism,  and  to  tlixse 
good  works  which  make  for  the  liberty,  the  L'uion,  and  the  true  grandeur  ot  tl;e 
United  States  of  America. 

The  Association  invoked  the  presence  of  the  high  oCBcers  of  the  National  Govern- 
ment in  its  three  co-ordinate  departments,  and  of  the  executive  oOioer  of  evcrj' 
state,  and  of  the  principal  eity  thereof.  From  the  sincere  regrets  of  the  ab,sent  we 
know  that  all  are  here  either  in  the  body  or  in  s;)irit.  The  hc:irt  of  Bunker  Hill, 
now  crowning  the  metropolis  of  Boston,  is  big  enough  to  receive  you  all,  and  begs 
you  in  her  name  and  in  her  undying  glories  to  bury  all  animosities,  and  to  rcsolvo 
that  henceforth  there  shall  be  no  contention  except  who  shall  best  yerve  our  glorious 
country. 

We  desired  also  that  every  nation  should  be  represented  here  by  its  minister  ac- 
credited to  Washington,  mnking  this  an  ocoacsion  also  of  international  harmony. 
Yes,  we  desired  very  much  to  be  honored  by  the  presence  of  the  distinguished  minis- 
ter from  our  mother  country,  whose  good  sovereign  is  nowhere  more  higidy  esteemed 
than  here.  In  1871  Or-^-^t  J'rlL.ia  aud  lue  United  States  celebrated  this  anniversary 
uy  tne  exchange  on  that  day  of  the  ratification  of  the  treaty  of  Washington.  These 
two  n;'. lions  have  set  th?  esrmplc  to  the  world  of  prelerring  arbitration  to  war, 
following  the  motto  of  President  Grant,  "  Let  us  have  peace." 

The  battle  of  Bunker  Hill  was  fought  by  our  fathers  in  defence  of  the  principles 
of  the  British  constitution,  and  the  issue  has  been  for  the  healing  of  all  nations. 

At  the  Bunker  Hill  dinner,  hfty  years  ago,  Lafayette  predicted  that  the  toast  on 
this  Centennial  day  would  be,  To  Enfranchised  Europe.  How  far  this  prediction  has 
been  verified,  let  the  emancipation  of  the  serfs  in  Russia,  there-establishment  ofthe 
republic  in  France,  the  enlargement  of  the  suti'rage  in  England,  and  the  general 
spread  of  liberal  principles  and  the  encouragement  of  learning  everywhere,  answer. 

South  Carolina  has  sent  us  a  palmetto  tree,  which  we  have  f)lanted  in  front  by  the 
side  of  the  pine  tree.  Jlay  those  two  State  emblems  to-day  planted  on  Bunker  Hill 
be  a  spnbol  of  renewed  fi-aternity,  never  again  to  be  interrupted.  Let  it  be  taken 
also  as  a  pledge  of  reunion  between  all  tlie  States  ;  for,  with  Massachusetts  and 
South  Carolina  in  full  accord,  as  they  were  one  hundred  years  ago,  our  Union  is  a.s 
firm  and  enduring  as  our  Monument,  which  they,  with  true  patriotism,  joined  to- 
gether in  building. 

In  calling  upon  some  of  our  distinguished  guests  to  audress  you  briefly,  I  will  take 
the  liberty  to  present  to  you  first  the  gallant  General  who  has  travelled  fifteen  hun- 
dred miles  to  participate  in  this  celebration. 

General  Sherman  made  the  following  response  : 

Mr.  President,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen : — Beftre  responding  to  your  call,  let  me 
take  issue  with  your  honored  President  in  calling  on  me  as  the  National  Representa- 
tive. You  can  see  for  yourselves  on  this  platform  the  Vice-President  of  the  United 
States,  several  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  about  a  dozen  Governors  of  States, 
all  of  whom  take  precedence  of  me,  and  all  of  whom  are  accustomed  to  ^peak  and  are 
esp'jcting  to  address  you.  Still  it  i.?  true  that  I  have  come  about  fifteen  hundred 
miles  to  share  in  this  grand  Centennial,  and  1  am  glad  that  1  have  come. 

H'  I  do  nothing  else,  I  can  be  the  first  to  respond  to  General  Devens's  call,  to  come 
on  thLs  platform  and  renew  the  pledge  to  maintain  and  defend  the  Constitution  of 
our  country,  to  tight  again,  if  need  be,  for  the  old  flag  and  those  .^acred  principles 
of  right  that  were  announced  ninety-nine  years  ago  by  your  Hancock  and  the 
Adamses.  I  know  that  there  are  many  Suldiers  in  this  vast  audience,  and  were  I  to 
cailon  them  to  come  forward  and  share  in  this  pledge,  I  am  6ure  they  would  promptly 
resjjond  with  an  amen. 

Indeed  do  we  stand  on  sacreil  soil  at  the  foot  of  old  Bunker  Hill  ^lonument.  I 
almost  feel  pained  to  heir  it  o-lUwl  [jveed's  Hill.  It  wa.s  Bunker  Hill  when  1  was  a 
boy,  and  tome  it  is  Bunker  Uiil  still.   Itind  it  recorded  in  bold  letters  on  that  granite 


1S75.]  Proceedings  1)1  Boston,  June  n,  ISlo.  495 

sLnft,  and  I  insist  that  it  is  Bunker  Hill.    If  Mr.  Breed  ia  hero,  I  advise  him  to  con- 
vey to  JiuTiktr,  and  he  content  T\-ith  the  other  and  larirer  hill  clo'?e  by. 

1  assure  you  that  1  have  lidtoned  with  the  most  iiuense  inlerebt  to  the  ^^raphic  de- 
scription by  your  oratur,  General  Dcvens,  of  that  battle,  i'uugiit  on  this  ''rounfi  one 
>.,,TT^-rf»f|  vi^nr?  p:.""!.  pr:!  onr.fi'S';  to  a  soMier's  admiration  of  that  small  band  under 
Culouvl  I'repCottT  that  was  ''  told  otl""  in  the  camp  at  Cambridge,  to  i^o,  they  knew  . 
not  exactly  where,  to  fiijht  the  veteran  British  host  bcleai^ucred  in  Boston.  They 
marolK'd  otl'  .-ilently  by  nij;ht  to  do,  as  soidierH  e-hoald,  tiieir  duty ;  and  it  wan  provi- 
dential that  they  were  conducted  to  this  very  si)ot,  instead  of  the  one  further  back, 
desiL,aiated  in  their  orders.  1  have  no  doubt  that  General  Devcns  has  truthfully 
given  the  narration,  with  a  fair  distribution  of  the  honors. 

Warren,  thou^'h  the  senior  present,  did  not  assume,  as  he  might  have  done,  the 
supreme  command,  but  fought  as  a  volunteer,  aud  died  upon  the  iield  a  mart^T  and 
a  hero,  venerated  everywhere. 

Trebcott  was  the  actual  commander  on  this  ppot.  He  conducted  hi^j  brigade,  pre- 
pared with  their  intrenching  tools,  aud  with  their  weapons  to  light.  Silently  and 
wi:h  skill  they  constructed  by  night  the  redoubt  and  flank  defences,  and  the  daylight 
found  them  ready  for  the  issue.  ""How  tliey  fought  you  have  already  heard,  and,  aa 
the  actual  commander  on  Bunker  Hill,  Prescott  is  entitled  to  all  honor  aud  glory. 

General  Putnam,  too,  contributed  large  assistance,  but  he  has  ample  honor  with- 
out claiming  this.  I  like  to  think  of  him  in  that  story  of  a  man  riding  down  the 
fabulous  stairs  pictured  iu  our  story-books,  at  some  place,  I  confess  I  now  forget 
where.  He  was  a  glorious  old  scldi^cr,  and  his  services  and  examples  are  worth  a 
doi:eu  monuments  like  this  on  Bunker  Hill,  even  if  made  of  pure  gold. 

Now,  ladies  and  gentlemen.  1  have  responded  to  your  call,  not  withany  purpo«eto 
euuy  you,  out  because  you  seem  to  desire  it ;  and,  though  a  stranger  to  most  oi  you, 
1  believe  you  desire  to  simply  look  ujion  and  hear  from  one  of  those  who  have  tlitted 
across  the  horizon  andatn-i  cted  some  notice  ;  but  1  also  thank  you  for  your  cordial 
reception,  and  fur  giving  me  the  opportunity  to  witness  one  of  the  most  gorgeous 
pageants  that  has  ever  occurred  on  this  continent. 

Seated  by  thousands  beneath  this  vast  canopy,  you  doubtles.s  esteem  yourselve3  a 
vast  and  well-ordered  crowd  ;  but  you  are  as  nothing  compared  with  the  hosts  which 
to-day  lined  the  streets  of  Boston,  iou  hardly  e^iual  the  group  which  occupied 
e-:ch  block  of  the  hundreds  along  which  we  have  passed  to-day ;  and  as  the  news- 
papers of  the  morning  will  describe  to  them,  and  to  all  the  world,  what  occurs  here, 
1  will  no  longer  occupy  your  time,  but  give  place  to  the  many  orators  that  will  be 
proud  to  address  such  an  aiidience.  I  again  thank  you  for  your  kind  and  cordial  re- 
ception, and  ai^'iilogize  for  detaining  you  so  long. 

The  President  then  said  :  —  "  There  is  a  little  time  left.  I  propose  to  call  upon 
all  the  Governors,  beginning  with  the  Governor  who  has  come  farthest  to  see  us. 
All  Governors  will  take  notice  thereof  and  ^oi-er/i  themselves  accordingly." 

The  Governor  of  Mississippi  and  the  Governor  of  Michigan  were  called,  but 
neither  responded.  The  Governor  of  Pennsylvania  was  next  called  for,  and  upon 
presenting  himself  was  greeted  with  three  cheers.     Gov.  Ilartranft  said  : 

Ladies  and  Genthyme-n: — I  certainly  feel  a  delicacy  in  appearing  before  you  as  a 
Governor,  because  I  was  reminded  to-day  that  Governors  were  as  plenty  in  this 
to^sTi  as  general  officers  were  at  W'ashington  during  the  war,  and  certainly  I  sup- 
pose some  of  those  other  gentlemen  are  now  in  the  held  doing  duty.  I  did  not  come 
fifteen  hundred  nnles,  like  my  friend  General  Sherman,  but  i  have  brought  with  me 
fifteen  hundred  PennsylvaninrLS  to  take  part  in  this  celebration.  It  is  not  my  desire 
to  make  any  speech,  but  I  know  they  would  not  like  it  did  I  not  invite  you  trom  aU 
states  in  the  union,  and  pledge  you  a  cordial  welcome  to  Philadelphia  next  year, 
when  the  hundredth  anniversary  of  our  nation  is  to  be  celebrated.  ^  [The  Pkesidest 
— We  are  coming.]  The  celebration  is,  of  course,  of  a  national  cfiara.cter,  and  we 
in  common  only  have  our  share  in  the  ceremonies  and  in  the  exhibition.  But  we 
also  have  a  l^cul  interest  aud  pride  in  having  every  citizen,  whether  he  comes  from 
the  North  or  the  South,  the  East  or  the  \Vest.  feel  assured  that  he  will  receive  all 
the  hosiiitality  that  it  is  in  our  power  to  extend,  and  that  we  meet  there  as  brothers 
and  freemen  around  those  famed  precincts  where  the  charters  of  our  liberties  were 
signed.  Let  us  there  bury  our  diMerences  and  our  animosities,  resolving  to  per- 
petuate and  transmit,  unimpaired  aud  indivisible,  the  Union  which  has  been  given 
to  us. 

The  Apollo  Club  then  eong  a  song,  written  by  Charles  James  Sprague. 


496  Proceedings  in  JBoston,  June  17,  1875.  [Oct 

The  President  next  called  upon  the  Governor  of  New- Jersey.  Gov.  Bedic  respond- 
ed as  followa : 

Tliis  is  no  time,  Icidie?  and  gentlemen,  to  undertake  to  make  a  speech.  On  re- 
ceiving an  invitation  to  be  pre-ent  on  tiii.s  occasion,  1  determined,  il'  it  were  possi- 
ble, as  an  hum'uJc  reiirt^-mit.itive  of  the  s*atc  of  New-Jersey,  to  eome  hcrt;  ami  juin 
in  LijI.-j  tcicorauan  ;  and  it  is  a  hnjipy  moiaent  for  mc  to  be  h  're,  in  the  home  of  the 
Adamsus  and  of  Hancock,  two  of  whom.,  ^Samuel  Adams  and  John  Hancocn ,  were 
reb.'l?,  in  ihe  estim  icionof  Great  Britain,  of  the  deepent  dye,  and,  when  others  were 
to  be  pardoned,  their  crimes  were  such  as  to  merit  only  condi^'•n  punishment.  They 
■were  not  rebel.*,  they  v.ere  i)atriijt.«  ;  they  were  freemen;  they  were  ruined  up  by 
Providence  to  as^^ert  the  i^creat  principled  tliat  were  afterward  fi.>iii,'ht  fur  at  the  bat- 
tle of  Bunker  Hill  and  proclaimed  in  the  J)eclaratiou  of  Independence. 

I  am  here  from  New-Jurtcy.  New-Jersey,  too,  ha.s  a  history.  lam  here  not  to  prai?e 
her.  She  has  her  record.  She  had  her  Trenton,  her  Princeton,  and  her  Moimiouth, 
and  in  due  time  those  events  will  be  celebrated,  and  then  we  cspect  Maspaehu^cttd 
will  be  there.  ^\'e  expect  to  be  at  that  great  centennial  of  July  4th,  1576,  which  is  to 
be  the  grand  consummation  of  all  the  centennial.^  ;  and  when  you  go  across  the  territo 
ry  of  New-Jersey  remember  that  the  winter  of  1T70  was  "  the  time  that  tried  men's 
souls  •'  there.  \ou  know  how  our  gallant  American  army,  after  evacuating  New- 
York,  retreated  acros.s  the  state  of  New-Jersey ;  how  they  were  folLjwed  by  the 
British  army ;  how  they  were  re-formed,  and  how,  when  those  battles  of  Trenton 
and  Princeton  were  fought,  the  depressed  spirit  of  our  forefathers  revived  and  the 
tide  of  revolution  turned. 

Now,  my  friends,  I  have  nothing  more  to  say,  except  to  thank  you  for  this  great 
demonstration.  This  has  been  a  mafrnififp'?*:  i;'geant.  Notliing  like  it,  as  General 
R),,.;...,  ^r-.  _-.;j.  Ja^^,  I'linik  of  It  I  Boston  has  emptied  herself,  the  country  has  em{>- 
tied  herself,  so  to  speak,  into  the  streets  through  which  we  have  pa.ssed  to-day  ;  and 
who  could  see  this  vast  multitude  without  feeling  that  there  was  a  revival  of  the 
good  old  spirit  of  ancient  days?  When  these  centennials  were  first  talked  of,  I 
thought  very  little  of  them  ;  but  now  I  confess  I  am  getting  very  much  in  the  idea. 
I  believe  they  will  do  more  than  anything  else  to  revive  a  better  spirit.  Let  us  for- 
get the  recent  past ;  let  us  go  back  to  the  ancient  past,  if  I  may  u.se  that  ex[)ression, 
and  take  our  lesson  from  that.  Let  us  look  to  our  ancestors,  to  the  men  who  found- 
ed our  institutions,  f  jr  our  examples.  In  that  way,  familiarizing  ourselves  with 
the  history  of  those  times,  may  we  become  better  men  and  better  citizens,  ridding 
ourselves  of  the  fraud  and  extravagance  which  have  been  the  necessary  results  of 
tlie  war.  We  want  honesty  of  purpose  ;  we  want  the  disposition  to  do,  in  our  own 
times,  if  it  becomes  necessary,  as  our  patriot  fathers  said  they  would  do,  eat  no  more 
lamb,  if  necessary,  in  order  to  have  more  wool  to  work  up  into  homespun  cloth. 

I  again  thank  yon,  and  now  extend  to  you  a  cordial  invitation  to  come  down  to 
New-Jersey  when  the  proper  time  arrives. 

The  President  then  called  for  the  Governors  of  Connecticut,  New-Hampshire  and 
Rhode-Island,  without  obtaining  any  response.  Finally,  he  called  for  the  Governor 
of  Maine,  the  representative  of  a  state  "  which  ought  to  be  part  of  Massachusetts 
still,"  and  Governor  Dingley  of  Maine  responded  as  follows  : 

Mr.  President,  and  Fellow-Citizens  of  the  United  States: — For  standing  on  ground 
baptized  with  the  blood  of  the  brave  men  who,  a  century  since,  stood  for  liberty  and 
nationality,  I  am  sure  that  we  may  all  take  special  pride  in  the  fact  that  we  are  not 
so  much  representatives  of  individual  states  as  J'el/oiv-citizens  of  a  common  country. 
You  have  introduced  me,  Mr.  Pre.-^ident,  as  the  representative  of  that  st.tte  which 
was  once  a  part  of  Massachusetts,  and  which  (a.s  you  kindly  observed)  ought  to  still 
occupy  that  position.  I  acknowledge  tlie  compliment  v\faich  may  be  intended  in  the 
concession  that  Maine  is  worthy  of  beiug  included  in  such  a  grand  commnnwealth 
as  Massachusetts  ;  and  yet  I  am  sure  that  after  a  hundred  and  thirty  years  of  devoted 
service  in  the  old  homestead,  the  daughter  had  reached  her  majority,  and  was 
entitled  to  .set  up  housekeeping  iov  herself.  Assuredly,  sir,  you  can  testify  that  she 
was  a  dcvuted  daughter,  and  did  not  go  forth  from  the  mother's  arms  until  she  saw 
her  triumphant  over  foes  abroad  and  at  home,  and  the  acknowledged  leader  uf  the 
best  thought  and  most  beneficent  ideas  of  the  age.  I  assure  you,  sir,  that  Maine  is 
proud  of  her  political  mother,  the  grand  old  commonwealth,  and  entertains  fjr  her 
an  affection  which  time  cannot  ilim.  We  leel  that  the  glorious  history  of  the  old 
Bay  State  is  our  his tor\-;  that  her  Adarus,  and  llancuck,  and  I'rcscott  and  Warren 
belong  also  to  us  ;  and  "that  her  battlefields,  her  Concord,  and  Lexingt-jn,  and  Bunker 


1875.]  JProcecdings  in  Doston,  June  17,  1875.  497 

Hill  arc  ours.  An'l,  standing:  to-day  on  tlie  spot  where  tlio  ninrtyrp  of  liberty  fell  a 
hundre.l  vefirs  ago  x\\\<  very  oftoriii;ijn,  I  plcij,'!.-  to  you,  ami  to  the  ciiizcns  of  every 
other  state  of  our  Cuiuuiuu  country  iiere  assenil'lcd,  tliat  the  iiit  n  of  Maine  will  he 
ready  in  the  future,  as  they  have  been  in  the  i)ast,  to  stand  shoulder  to  shoulder  with 
yoi:  T,  def.^nco  of  f'--^  r  \x\o\\  v.-hii^!i  was  tlicii  made  IJ.<^sihIo.  And  may  thi-;  centeiir.ial 
nnniver-ary,  and  the  centennial  anniversaries  to  eouio,  rcealling  as  they  do  the 
memories  of  common  sacrifiOfS  and  oouimnn  vietories,  serve  to  soften  the  resentments, 
and  streni^tlien  the  ti<;s  uf  nortii  and  s<<ut!i,  ai;.l  lead  the  citizens  of  evcr^'  s<ctiun  of 
the  rei'uhlio  U>  acknowledge  the  sUars  an<i  stripes  as  their  Hag,  and  the  Uniuu,  dedi- 
cated to  freedom  and  equal  rights,  as  their  country  and  their  home. 

The  President  paid:— I  stated  to  the  audience  that  t  would  call  ujion  our  fellow- 
citizens  of  the  United  States  in  the  order  of  the  distaneo  frnii  whieh  they  came. 
"We  are  now  at  home  a^ain,  and  at  home  in  th.c  United  ."tatcs  of  America,  and  1 
now  call  upon  Vice-President  AVilsou,     ^Ir.  Wilson  spoke  as  follows  : 

I  am  sure,  Mr.  President,  yon  have  not  presented  nic  to  this  vast  ossembla:re  at 
this  hour,  to  A-reary  the  ear  with  speech.  Nor  have  you  called  me  up  to  be  looked 
at,  for  there  are  far  better-looking;  irentlciaen  nround  you  ;  besides,  ic  is  quite  too 
dark  to  get  a  good  .sight  at  any  one  ^A  us.  1  aia  here,  too,  in  my  own  Middlesex. 
(A  voice,  '■'•  SaHblk  nuw.")  Charlestown  has  escaped  frum  us  into  .Suffolk,  but  we 
people  of  old  Middlesex  will  hold  ou  to  Concord,  Lexington  and  Bunker  Hill  forever 
more. 

I  am  glad,  Mr.  President,  that  wo  have  witnessed  this  magniOcent  spectacle. 
General  ijherman  tells  us.  stran:,'er8  tell  us,  we  know  it,  for  our  own  eyes  have  seen 
iir,  tliUb  Lida  io  LUe  graiiuts.L  uemonstratiiiii  ever  beheld  ujiou  the  North  American 
continent.  I  hope,  I  belit-ve  too,  that  this  anniversary  ceh.-bration,  the  memories 
as,=ociated  with  this  day.  the  generous  spirit  that  animates  all  bo^^oms,  will  largely 
contribute  to  the  cause  of  unity  and  libert}'  in  the  century  upon  which  we  have 
entered.  These  celebrationo  at  Concord,  Lexington  and  Bunker  Ilill,  like  the  events 
they  commemorate,  tend  to  inspire  nil  American  hearts  with  patriotism  and  affec- 
tionate regard  for  our  countrymen.  1  hail  this  anniversary,  I  hail  the  anniversaries 
upon  which  we  have  entered,  ns  crand  events,  calculated  t.)  reunite,  reinspire,  and 
ninvigorate  the  American  peejple,  and  bind  us  together  with  hooks  of  ^ttel.  Tl:e 
centennial  celebration  of  the  anniversary  of  independence  is  to  be  in  Philadelphia 
next  year.  I  hope  that  this  anniversary  festival  will  tend  to  inspire  the  nation,  and 
that  the  country  and  the  pC' pie  of  the  country  will  make  that  the  grandest  occasion 
ever  witnessed  by  mortal  man.  Grand  as  were  the  words  of  Daniel  Webster,  when 
the  foundations  of  that  monument  were  laid,  in  the  presence  of  Lafayette  and  the 
aged  heroes  of  the  revolution  ;  grand  as  were  his  words  when  that  monument  had 
been  completed,  no  words  uttered  by  him  were  better  calculated  to  do  more  good,  in 
all  this  broad  land,  than  are  the  words  uttered  here  to-day,  in  the  present  condition 
of  the  country-.  Let  us,  sir,  all  remember  that  union  now,  nationality  now,  devel- 
opmert  now,  are  all  in  harmony  with  the  great,  grand,  central  idea  of  humanity, 
the  liberties,  equal  and  impartial  liberties,  of  all  the  children  of  men. 

The  Marshal  then  read  the  following  despatches  :  — 

San  Fraxcisco,  June  17,  1ST5. 

To  the  Hoy.  George  TTashingtox  "Warren,  President  of  the  Bunker  Hill  Monument 

Association :  — 
_  San  Francisco,  —  from  the  srolden  gat^s  of  the  Pacific  to  the  Bunker  flill  Associa- 
tion :   The  citizens  of  our  We-tern   shore  send    tiieir   fraternal   greetings  to  our 
brethren   of   the   Atlantic  consi  assembled  on  Bunker  Hill   to  commemorate  the 
centennial  of  the  great  battle  fought  there.     "We  have  our  ma^s  meeting  to-night. 

New  Orleans.  June  IT,  1S75. 
GoTERNOR  Gaston,  Boston:  — 

For  my<elf,  and  the  goo'l  people  of  the  Crescent  City,  I  send  you  greetings  fronx 
Old  Chalmette  to  Bunker  Hill,  on  the  occasion  of  your  centennial  celebratiun. 

JouN  G.  Parker, 

Postmaster  of  Xeic  Orleans. 
VOL.  XXIX.  43 


498                 Proceedings  in  Boston,  Ji'.ne  17,  1875.              [Oct. 

The  Mitrsliiil  then  road  the  fjUywiug  odo,  written  by  George  Sennutt,  E^q.  ;  — 
I. 

Heroes  of  Greek  Renon-r. !  I/'t  T)e;\th  nnil  Freedom  ihrougli  \ 

Ye,  wtii)  witf]  iIoihIs  of  Per?iaii  pore  Arise  in  elory  !     Aii^ry  tlools 

Purpled  Cychrci.i's  souiiciiiiir  sliui-e!  Ainl  li;iiiu'hty  l>ii:i>ts  al!  arc  tuiiiC, 

Strong  \vie!<li.'r>  <>f  ti'O  r>ij:!:in  i-poar —  Hut  ye,  like'lilier.itiii^  g<>J->, 

And  vc  —  dear  children  of  the  Dear —  Have  everlasting  fume. 

The  Ilulv  Violet  Crou  II ! 

Ye  live  to-il.ty !     Di^rauco  and  Time  IV. 

Vani-h  befure  our  lunL:in,-  eyes—  ye  f^sv  rock-nnrture<J  Men, 

And  tre>h  m  th^ir  cterii;:!  prime  Suliote  or  Swi^s,  whose  cnx-s  defied 

The  Dcmi-Gods  arise.  BurgundLui  power  and  1  urki-h  pride  I 

Whose  deed<,  so  de;ir  to  Freemen  stiii, 

II-  Make  every  Alp  a  holy  hill  — 

Fierce  breed  of  iron  Rome  !  A  shrine  each  Suliote  srien  I 

Ye  whose  relentless  eairle's  wines  Rejoice  to-day  !    No  little  bamls 

0'ersh!ido\\inir  sul>j'.i:-'ated  Kinirs,  Front  here  th'  exultin.g  Tyrant's  hunle  ; 

^  \Vith  Death  and  lilack  De-^trnctiun  fraught,  But  Freedom  sways  with  giant  hands 

To  every  hateful  Tyrant  brought  Her  oceau-5\\ecpiDg  sword  I 

His  own  curs' J  lesson  home ! 

Smile  sternly  now;  a  free-born  race  V. 

Here  draw  your  proudest  maxims  in,  chiefs  of  onr  own  blest  l.ind, 

And  eagerly,  m  ampler  space,  To  whom  th'  oppres-ed  of  all  mankind 

And  mightier  iiome  begm !  ^  s,^,,,.ej  ,.^f„.,,>  i„ok  to  lind  ! 


III. 


Of  every  race  tlie  pride  and  boast, 
From  wild  Atlanrics  stormv  coast 


Savage,  yet  daiintless  crew !  To  far  Pai'itic's  strand  ! 

"VN'ho  broke  with  grim,  nnfiinehing  zf^al,  MiiUuus  on  millions  here  maintain 

Th:  t.v.a^i,-  S^aiaaru  s  Heart  of  steel,  Your  gi.nerous  aims  with  steady  will, 

When  ye,  with  patriotic  hands.  And  make  our  vast  imperial  reign 
Bursting  the  dykes  that  kept  your  lands,  The  world's  asylum  still '. 

The  concluding  hymn,  words  by  G.  "Washington  Warren,  music  by  Abt,  was  then 
sung  by  the  Apolio  Club. 

A  benediction  was  pronounced  by  the  Rev.  Phillips  Brooks,  and  at  eight  o'clock 
the  eierei.sea  at  the  pavilion  were  brought  to  a  close. 

The  following  letter  has  been  received  from  Ilia  Excellency  Governor  Ingersoll,  ia 
response  to  a  call  made  upon  him  : — 

State  of  Connecticut,  Execiitice  Department, 
Ntw-Haven,  June  18,  1875. 

Dear  Sir  : — I  very  much  regret  that,  under  the  erroneous  supposition  that  the 
exercLses  at  Bunker  Hill  yesterday  would,  by  reason  of  the  latenees  of  the  hour, 
clo.se  with  the  oration  of  General  Devens,  1  left  the  tent  at  that  time  to  fulfil  another 
engagement,  and,  therefore,  was  not  present  to  acknowledge  the  honor  paid  to  my 
State  by  your  call  upon  me  among  the  otiier  guests  of  the  occasion. 

It  is  the  singular  fortune  of  Connecticut  that,  although  she  sent  into  the  armies 
of  the  Revolution  more  soldiers  than  any  other  colony  save  one, — maintaining  in 
actual  service,  at  one  time,  out  of  the  state,  twenty-two  full  regiments,  when   her 

{>opulation  but  little  exceeded  two  hundred  thousand  persons, — she  must,  neverthe- 
ess,  look  beyond  her  borders  for  the  battle-fields  that  have  been  made  historic  iiy 
the  valor  and  blood  of  her  children.  Conspicuous  among  them  all,  and  by  far  closer 
than  any  by  its  associations  of  peculiar  force,  is  that  field  upon  the  Charlcstown 
heights,  where  New-England  for  tlie  first  time  confronted  Old  England  in  v.-ar.  It 
was  there  that  our  young  militia  received  its  "  baptism  of  fire,"  and  our  peaceful 
vines  were  first  emblazoned  upon  a  ilatr  of  battle  ;  and  it  is  through  the  smoke  and 
dust  of  the  conflict  around  Bunker's  Hill  tliat  there  looms  up  most  distinctly  to 
Connecticut  eyes  one  heroic  figure  of  the  Revolution, — the  man  "  who  dared  to  lead 
where  any  dared  to  follow, " —  Israel  Putnam. 

It  is  for  t!:e.se  reasons,  especially,  that  it  gave  me  great  pleasure  to  participate  in 
the  superb  demonstration  in  Boston  yesterday,  and  that  I  now  resret  the  circum- 
stances which  deprived  me  of  the  pleasure  of  sharing  in  all  the  subsequent  exercises 
in  Charlestown. 

I  am,  sir,  very  respectfully  yours, 
G.  ■WA.'nixGTOx  "Warrex,  E.S'][.,  Charles  R.  Ingersoll. 

President  Bunker  Ili'd  Asi^nciation,  etc.,  etc, 

Charlestown,  Mass.  ' 


1875.]  Proceedings  in  Cambi'idge,  July  3,  1875.  499 


In  Cambridge,  Satcrday,  July  3,  1875. 

The  one-hundredth  annivers:in,'  of  Gen.  Washinjjton's  takin?  command  of  the 
contineutal  aiiuy  was  oult.hnueil  this  day.  iiy  invitation  of  the  committee  of 
arraiii;eaients,  the  invited  guests  were  requepted  to  aesemblo  at  Lyceum  Hail  at  ton 
o'clock,  where  they  were  received  hy  Mayor  Bradford  and  the  meuihers  of  the  city 
governuieiit.  Anions;  the  di5tiniz;uipl'ed  j^ucsts  who  attended  were  (.iovernor  Gaston, 
tjenator  Boutweil.  President  Kliot,  General  llincks,  Iv'ar-Admiral  Davis,  Kev.  D.  0. 
Mears,  Pi-ofessor  I/jwell,  Genei~al  Chamberlain  and  Oliver  Wendell  iluliacs. 

A  procession  was  formed  about  eleven  o'clock,  under  directiun  of  Chief  of  Police 
Copeland,  who  acted  as  chief  marshal,  and  marched  to  the  tent  in  the  following 
order,  substantially  : 

Marshal  and  Aids  —  Chief  Copeland  and  Captains  Ames  and  Hasar.  Edmands's 
Band.  City  Messenger  F.  L.  Pratt.  Orator,  poet  and  chaplain.  Mayor  and  presi- 
dent of  the  common  council.  Board  of  aldermen.  Common  cuaucil.  Vice-president 
of  the  United  States.  Governor  Gaston  and  staff.  President  and  fellows  of  Harvard 
University.  Trustees  of  Meraorial  Hall,  the  Hen.  John  G.  Palfrey  and  ilenry  B. 
I^o^cio.  United  Spates  o'-iialijis  ijOutwcU  and  bawts.  Tiie  lions  J.  !M.  S.  ^^il- 
liams,  W.  W".  ""vVarren,  E.  K.  iloar  and  Charles  Hudson.  Collector  Simmons, 
P'.stmister  Burt,  Kear-Admiral  Davis  and  Mijor-General  Banks.  Department 
Cornniander  Merrill,  G.  A.  R.  The  Hon.  Josiali  Quincy.  Grand  ^Master  and  suite 
of  grand  lodge  of  masons  of  Massachusetts.  Kx-mayora  and  ex-presidents  of  the 
common  council.  Mayor's  of  Boston,  Somerville  and  Newton.  Selectmen  of  Lex- 
ington, Concord  and  Arlington.  Chairman  of  the  eeleotmen  of  NV'atertown  and 
Belmont.  £s-Govpruor  Emor^-  Wa-^hlurn,  Lucius  R.  Paige,  P.D.,  Dr.  0.  W. 
Holmes,  the  Rev.  Alexander  MeKenzie,  the  Hon.  R.  Frothingham,  the  Hon.  G.  \Y. 
"Warren,  Professor  Benjamin  Peirce,  the  Hon.  Rstea  Howe,  the  Hon.  Marshall  P. 
Wilder.  Senators  and  representatives  from  Cambridge  in  the  legislature.  General 
Hincks,  General  Ci^.amberlain  and  Winslow  Warren.  John  Owen  and  James  Alex- 
ander. Judge  Ladd  and  Sheriff  Kimball.  Captains  Keeler  and  llawkes.  Com- 
manders of  G.A.R.  Posts.  Members  of  the  school  committee.  Overseers  of  the 
poor.  Board  of  Eissessors.  Heads  of  city  departments.  The  water  board.  Board 
of  county  commissioners.  Trustees  of  Dana  library.  Commii-jsiouers  of  sinking 
fund.     Engineers  of  the  fire  department. 

The  T)  NT. — A  large  tent  had  been  erected  on  the  Common,  within  a  few  feet  of  the 
old  elm,  capable  of  holding  two  thousand  people.  The  interi>,r  was  decorated  with 
banners  and  bannerets  hanging  pendant  from  the  centre,  with  streamers  connecting 
the  centre  and  sides,  with  tiags  and  bunting  around  the  side.  On  the  rear  of  the 
platform  were  the  words,  in  large  black  letters  on  a  white  tield.  "^Sluzzej';  Monroe  ; 
Jona.  Harrington, — They  gave  their  lives  in  testimony  to  the  riirhts  of  mankind, — 
Caleb  Harrington;  Porter -"Hadley;  Brown."  At  the  end  on  the  leit  of  the  platform 
were  the  words,  '*  "What  a  glorious  morning  for  America,  —  Adams  "  ;  at  the  risht 
end,  "  Too  few  to  resist,  too  brave  to  fly."  On  the  platform  was  a  chair  used  by 
General  Washington  at  his  residence,  Mount  Vernon,  nnw  owned  by  Mrs.  Augustus 
Towne  of  Cambridge.  On  the  bottom  was  the  inscription,  "Contributed  by  Mrs. 
Oliver  Parsons,  1?^33.  A  gift,  from  General  George  Washington's  residence,  in 
1815."  Another  chair  on  the  platfomi  belonged  to  a  lieutenant  in  the  continental 
army,  and  id  over  1'25  years  old. 

The  exercises  in  the  tent  were  opene<i  with  a  prayer  by  the  Rev.  D.  0.  Mears.  the 
chaplain  of  the  day.  followed  V.y  music  by  Edmands's  Band,  after  which  !Mayor 
Bradford  introduced  Profess<,'r  James  Russell  Lowell  as  the  poet  of  the  day. 

The  poem  occupied  ab-jut  ten  minutes  in  delivery.     After  giving  a  description  of 

the  historic  scene  .under  the  elm,  it  sketched  the  character  of  Washington,  and 

ended  with  extendicir  the  right  hand  of  reconciliation  to  the  Old  Dominion. 

~     At  the  conclusion  .>f  the  p'>cm  Mnyor  Bradford  intrcAiuced  the  Rev.  .A  .  P.  Peabody, 

D.D.,  LL.D.,  chaplain  of  Harvard  University,  who  delivered  the  oration.     On  the 


500  Proceedings  in  Cambridge,  July  3,  1875.  [Oct. 

conclusion  of  which,  the  proccsiioD  was  reformed,  and  marched  to  Memorial  Hall, 
where  dinner  was  terved. 

A  Coilpren's  Servici:  occurred  in  the  tent  in  the  afternoon,  in  -which  thirty-ei^ht 
young  ladies  were  assisted  by  as  many  young  men,  iu  cudtumed  representing  different 
eras  in  the  nation's  history. 

Decokation's. — Lon^rfellow'fl  house  on  Brnttle  street  was  marked  by  the  inscri;)ti()n, 
"  Headquanors  of  \Viis!:in_i;tjn  ;  occupied  by  him  from  July  12,  1775,  to  ^larch, 
1776.  Built  and  owned  at  the  time  by  John  Va>3all,  a  refuf^ee  and  tory."  The 
house  of  James  Rurseil  Liwe!!,  on  Ehuwo^d  avtuue,  bore  the  inscription,  "Built 
by  Andrew  Oliver,  stnmp  conirais.-iiiner  and  lieutenant  irovernor — a  refugee.  Occu- 
pied as  a  hospital  after  Bunker  liill.  In  the  tield  in  front  many  soldiera  were 
buried.  Afterward  the  residence  of  Elbridi^e  Gerry,  a  sicrner  of  the  declaration  of 
independence,  governor  of  JMussachusetts  and  vice-president  of  the  Unitfd  States." 
Tiie  uld  house  on  Brattle  street,  opposite  Fayerwcather,  was  iascribed,  "  P'ayerweather 
House,  used  as  a  hospital,  1775."  Tlie  Brattle  House,  al'^o  on  Brattle  Street,  bore 
this  inscriptio;),  '"  Brattle  House  ;  residence  of  Thomas  7irattlc,  Esq.  Headquarters 
of  General  Mifliin.''  The  oUl  house  on  the  corner  of  Brattle  and  Sparks  Streets  had 
this  inscription,  "  Lrcchuiere  House;  Baroness  Keidsel,  taken  prisoner  with  her 
husband  at  SaratOL'a,  was  lod::;ed  here."  The  Holmes,  olf  North  Avenue,  near  the 
Common,  was  in.^cri bed,  "Holmes  Houpe.  Headquftrtors  of  General  Ward,  Hero 
was  held  the  Cjumil  of  war  which  ordered  the  foriitioution  of  Bunker  Hill."  The 
site  of  the  Inman  Hou?e  on  Inman  Street,  near  Main,  was  inscribed  :  '*  Site  of  Inman 
House,  headquarters  of  General  Putnam,  commanding  centre  of  American  array, 
July,  1775."  Tlie  house  on  the  corner  of  A-h  f  tI  Mt.  Auburn  Streets,  a  structure 
:  '"q..,:.;  a^LI^iui^.\ ,  v\as  marked  by  an  inscription,  stathig  tliat  it  was  built  durinii-  the 
reign  of  Queen  Anne;  probably  by  the  father  of  Governor  Belcher,  who  sold  It  in 
1719.  It  was  occu;)ied  in  1775  by  Benjamin  Church,  M.D.,  surgeon  general  of  the 
provincial  army.  The  Wadswortli  House,  in  the  college  grounds  facing  Harvard 
Street,  was  inscribed,  "  ATadsworth  House,  first  headquarters  of  Washington  and 
Lee,  July  2,  1775.  Officers'  quarters  during  the  siege  of  Boston,  1775-6."  The 
house  on  Harvard  Street,  near  Plympton  Street,  haithis  inscription:  "Built  by 
East  Apthorp,  calleil  tb.e  Bishop's  Palace.  Occupied  by  General  JJurgoyne  while  a 
prisonm-."  At  the  jun('tion  of  Kirkland  Street  with  North  Avenue  was  a  placard 
stating  that  to  be  "  The  road  to  Bunker  Hill,  down  which  the  troops  marched,  under 
Colonel  Prescutt,  on  the  evening  of  June  IG,  1775,  after  prayer  on  the  Common  by 
President  Langdon." 

Harvard  College. — Over  the  main  entrance  to  the  colleire  grounds,  opposite 
Church  street,  was  raised  an  arch  draped  with  colored  bunting  and  crowned  by  a 
shield  bearing  the  motto,  "  Veritas."  Across  the  top  of  the  arch  was  the  yeree  from 
Lowell, — 

"Life  of  whate'cr  makes  life  worth  living, 
One  heavenly  thing  whereof  earth  has  the  giving." 

On  the  left  pillar  of  the  arch  was  the  inscription  :  "  Promote,  then,  as  an  object  of 
primary  importance,  institutions  for  the  ireneral  diffusion  of  knowledge.  In  pro- 
portion as  a  structure  of  a  government  gives  forre  to  public  opinion,  it  is  essential 
that  public  opinion  should  be  enlightened.  [Wa'^hington's  farewell  address.]  " 
On  the  opposite  pillar  was  the  foHowinr^ :  "  Harvard  College — '  The  Nest  of  Sedition  ' 
— General  Gage,  1775.  Hatched  in  this  nest  were  James  Otis,  Joseph  Warren, 
John  Hancock,  Jusiah  Quincy,  Sam  Adam--,  John  Adams,  Artemas  Ward,  Timothy 
Pickerincr  and  William  Eustis."  The  older  buildings  of  the  colleire, — Massachusetts 
Hall,  built  in  1720;  llolden  Chapel,  built  in  1711  ;  Holli^  Hall,  built  in  1763,  and 
Harvard  Hall,  built  in  1761, — all  b  ire  in'^criptions  stating  the  date  of  their  erection, 
and  the  fact  that  tiiey  were  occupied  by  provincial  troops'during  the  siege  of  Boston, 
1775-6.  On  Dane  Hall,  the  law  school,  was  inscribed,  "  Site  of  Old  Church,  where 
the  first  and  second  provincial  congresses  were  held,  presided  over  by  John  Hancock 
and  Joseph  Warren.     General  Washington  worshipped  in  this  church  in  1775." 

The  WAsntNXTox  El«. — The  decorations  here  were  elaborate.  A  staff  had  been 
fixed  in  the  centre  of  the  tree,  from  which  floated  above  the  highest  branches  an 
American  flag.  Smaller  flaL:s  were  fastened  upon  all  the  larger  projecting  limbs  of 
the  tree,  and  extended  T'PVond  it  on  all  siiles.  On  the  stone  at  its  base,  which  com- 
menior-ate?  Washingt'.ri's  assumption  of  command,  w.is  placed  a  life-size  figure 
painting  of  General  Washington  on  horseback.    A  little  in  front  of  the  ekn,  and  so 


1875.]         Proceedings  m  Cambridge,  Juhj  ?>,  1S75.  501 

erected  that  the  etonc  an<l  painting;  phow  tliroviph  it  in  perspective,  was  an  arch 
covered  with  colorci  l)uiicini:,  iiiuler  mIiIcIi  thf  )inj(?es~-iori  ymsf^cd  on  the  way  from 
Lyceum  IhiU  to  the  tent.  The  upi)Hr  portion  of  the  ureh  \v;i.s  inscri))eil,  "  Birclijjlaoe 
of  the  Aua-rieun  Arn\y,"  and  on  the  pillars  were  the  d:ites  "  1775  "  and  "  1875." 

Chrtst  t'cvRcn  v.as  decorated  with  flage  drooping  over  the  door  and  from  the  win- 
dow in  th.e  tower.  From  the  window  also  proje(.'ted  several  iJairs,  as  well  as  from  the 
corner-?.  On  the  ocittre  of  the  front  was  a  round  sliield  hearing  this  in.-crii'ti'in, — 
"  Christ  Church,  erected  xV.D.  HfiO.  Captain  Chester's  Co.,  from  Wetherr-Iield, 
Conn.,  was  quartered  here  during  the  sietre  of  lioHton  in  1775-G.  Keoecupied  as  a 
house  of  prayer  hy  the  order  of  (ieneral  Wawhington,  who  worshipped  here  on  !Suu- 
day,  Dec.  :>!,  1775,  and  it  is  believed  on  subsequent  occasions." 

The  MoxniENT  in  the  Old  Burial  Ground  erected  to  the  Canihridge  men  who  fell  at 
Lexington  was  very  henutifully  trimmed.  It  was  surmounted  liy  an  arch  fruoi  which 
was  hung  a  Hag  forming  a  background  to  the  moriumeut  itself.  Un  the  crown  of  the 
arch  was  the  motto,  *'  The  Cluod  of  the  Patriots  was  the  l^eeu  of  Liberty.''  On  the 
pillars  of  tl:e  arch  were  the  names  of  the  soldiers, —  liicks,  Marcy,  Richar<Json, 
flussell,  Wjiuan  and  Wicship. 

The  Common. — The  soldiers'  monument  on  tlie  Common  was  decorated  with  small 
flags.  Around  it,  mounted,  pointed  in  diflerent  dinctions,  were  the  three  cannon 
recently  given  the  city  by  the  state.  They  are  very  old  pieces  of  ordnance,  having 
been  aiptured  frum  the  French  at  the  taking  of  Louisburg  in  1758. 

Tee  Citt  Hall  was  the  most  elaborately  decorated  of  any  building  in  the  city.  A 
)?>rfrf>  rijiintinT  ■''"P<=  h"""'  "■^^''  ^h"  fi'o'1%  '^^•!!>'.crri?.ri.'-\l  of  the  ^  iororj'  of  freedom  in  the 
Kevolutionary  War.  On  cither  side  of  the  painting  were  the  dates  "  1775  "  and 
"  1S75,"  and  at  the  bottom  the  motto  "  Liberty  and  Cnion,  Now  and  Forever,  One 
and  luseparable."  An  eagle  on  tlie  centre  of  the  roof  lield  in  his  beak  strips  of 
bunting,  which  draped  the  cornice  to  the  corners.  The  painting  was  also  draped, 
and  the  bunting  so  arranged  as  to  form  an  immense  shield  covering  nearly  the  whole 
front  of  the  building,  with  the  painting  in  the  centre.  From  the  flags  tali  on  the 
centre  of  the  roof  a  "  glory  "  of  variously  colored  bunting  depended  to  the  edges  of 
the  roof. 

Ltceui:  Hall,  the  headquarters  of  the  Committee  of  Arrangements,  was  profusely 
trimmed.  Festoons  of  bunting  depended  from  the  apex  of  the  roof  to  the  corners  of 
the  tirst  stury.  On  the  front  was  a  painting  of  the  Goddess  of  Liberty  with  drawn 
sword,  holding  the  stars  and  stripes,  wliich  was  dm])cd  with  tlags  hung  from  the  story 
above.  On  the  lett  side  of  the  entrance  was  t!ie  motto,  "  Liberty — generations  past 
and  generations  to  come  hold  us  responsible  for  this  sacred  trust."  On  the  rii^ht 
side  was  the  inscription,  "  Warren,  Hancock,  Adams,  Prescott.  We  would  recall  the 
forms  and  lineaments  of  the  honored  dead." 

Tde  OfjtIces  of  the  Union  Railway  were  elaborately  decorated.  The  roof  was 
surmounted  by  a  silt  eagle  holding  festoons  of  bunting  in  his  beak,  which  drooped  to 
either  corner  of  the  root'.  From  the  centre  also  lell  festoons  of  flags  to  the  corners 
of  the  building  on  the  first  floor.  Pennants  depended  from  the  roof  in  four  places, 
and  small  flags  projected  over  the  street.  On  the  front  of  one  building  was  a  shield 
with  t^ie  national  arms  and  motto.  Under  that  was  the  inscription,  "Mansion 
House  of  Ztehariah  Bordman  1775,  Tavern  of  Major  John  Brown  1781."  On  the 
front  of  the  other  building  was  the  name  "  Washington." 

The  Site  of  Fort  Pctnam,  on  the  corner  of  Otis  and  Fourth  streets,  was  marked  by 
a  flag  buna:  across  Otis  street  from  the  Putnam  School-house,  with  the  inscription, 
"Site  of  Fort  Putnam." 

The  Site  of  Fort  Washlscton,  near  the  foot  of  Brookline  street,  wae  also  appro- 
priately marked  and  the  way  to  it  pointed  out. 

TOfc.  XXIX.  43* 


502  Appendix.  [Oct. 


APPEXDIX. 


LEXINGTON  CELEBRATION. 

For  want  of  time  several  addresses  n"cre  necessarily  omitted  at  the  dinner,  and  fjr 
the  same  reason  t!io  reading  of  a  lar^e  number  of  letcern  was  also  omitted,  it  had 
been  expeetod  that  Col.  \7.  S.  Clark  would  speak  fn-  "  The  Agricultural  In- 
tcresta  of  New-England  ;"  the  Hon.  D.  W.  Goooh  for  "  The  Participatim^ Towns;" 
Luther  Conaut,  Esq.,  for  "The  Men  of  Acton  ;"  the  Hon.  Alfred  T.  GosJiorn  for 
"  Tlie  Centennial  C.mriii.ssion  and  its  Vrork  ;"  and  the  Hon.  Marshall  P.  Wilder, 
President  of  the  New-Eni,dand  Historic,  Gi  ncaloirical  Soeiet}',  for  ''  American  His- 
tory." Mr.  Wilder  has  furnished  tu  the  Lexington  Committee  the  following  report 
of  the  substance  of  what  he  had  intended  to  say  : 

Mr.  President, — I  thank  you  for  the  privilege  of  being  present  and  participating 
in  the  cerenxoaies  of  this  must  interesting  occasion.  As  the  toast  expresses  it,  we 
meet  to  celebrate  one  of  the  must  sublime  events  in  the  annals  of  history  ;  for,  sir, 
as  the  first  gun  on  Sumter  sealed  the  fitte  of  slavery  in  the  United  States,  so  the 
first  shot  at  L.exin'j-ton  ^fnled  the  doom  of  Driclsh  empiie  in  America,  and  forever 
settled  tlie  de-tiny  of  freedom  for  this  western  world. 

The  IGth  of  April,  1775  !  AVhat  a  glurious  day. — the  baptismal  day  of  a  nation 
in  the  hlood  of  her  sons,  on  the  altar  of  freedom!  And,  sir,  as  the  first  light  of 
morning  streams  over  the  mountain  tops  and  spreads  into  universal  day,  so  the 
fires  of  patriotism,  kindled  on  these  plains  a  hundred  years  ago,  will  continue  to 
electrify  and  illume  the  world  with  the  results  of  American  independence  and  Ameri- 
can civilization, — 

"While  tJie  earth  bears  a  plant,  or  the  sea  rolls  a  wave." 

The  results  of  the  battles  of  Lexington  and  Concord  were  of  far  greater  conse- 
quence ultimately,  in  their  influence  on  t!ie  welfare  of  mankind,  than  those  of  Ther- 
m  ipylffl,  Marathm,  Ciiinae,  Austerlitz,  Waterloo,  or  Sedan  ;  leading  as  they  did  to 
the  American  Revolution,  and  giving  to  the  world  the  only  free  and  independent 
nation  which  has  existed  for  a  hundred  j'ears, — a  nation  exalted  in  privilege,  pro- 
gress, and  prosperity  abuve  any  other  on  earth  ;  a  nation  whose  example  will  ulti- 
mately, we  believe,  revolutionize  the  world,  and  secure  the  rich  inheritance  ot  liberty 
and  equality  for  all  mankind.  Some  sections  of  our  fgvored  land  may  possess  "more 
luxuriant  suils  and  milder  skies  ;  but  I  Ix-lievc,  sir,  there  is  no  spot  on  earth  so  green 
in  the  hearts  of  freemen,  so  sacred  in  the  heart  of  memory,  as  that  watered  by  the 
blood  of  those  who  fell  in  defence  of  their  homes  and  human  rights  on  the  19th  of 
April,  1775.  The  events  of  that  da}'  were  the  heralds  of  that  freedom  which  we  now 
enjoy  ;  and  from  that  moment  when  the  first  martyr  fell  on  the  plains  of  Lexington 
ihe  cause  of  liberty  and  human  right  has  been  *'  marching  on." 

And  what  adds  to  the  interest  of  this  occasion  is  the  fact  that  the  events  we  cele- 
brate took  place  on  Massachusetts  soil.  I^Iassachusetts  has  been  a  great  leader  in 
the  cause  of  American  liberty  and  American  civilization.  She  was  first  to  receive 
upon  her  soil  the  exiles  fur  religious  freedom,  first  in  the  martyrdom  of  her  sons  at 
Lexington  and  Concord,  first  in  the  signature  of  her  sons  to  the  Declaration  of  Ameri- 
can Independence,  first  in  the  field  fir  the  suppression  of  the  American  Rebellion, 
first  for  the  abrogation  of  human  bondage  on  this  continent. 

But,  Mr.  President,  the  thought  that  most  engrosses  my  mind  to-day  is  the  won- 
derful progress,  prosperity,  and  influence  of  this  nation.  Never  before  in  the  annals 
of  history  has  there  bt-eu  such  an  illustration  of  the  enterprise,  capacity,  and  inde- 
pendence of  a  people  ;  never  before  such  an  illustration  of  the  divine  favor,  if  we 
except  God's  chosen  people,  the  Jews,  as  has  been  manifested  to  this  nation  in  rais- 
ing it  up  to  be  an  example  of  those  great  principles  of  civil  and  religious  freedom 
which  constitute  the  foundation  of  human  happiness.  But  what  i-hall  we  say  of  the 
great  future  uf  this  Republic  '.'  When  we  rellect  on  the  amazing  progress  and  vast 
resources  of  our  nation  ;  when  Ave  compare  the  condition  of  our  few  feeble  colonies  as 
thty  existed  one  hundred  years  ago,  with  the  thirty-seven  independent  atatea  of  our 


1875.]  Appendix.  503 

Republic  ;  when  we  contrast  the  limited  population  scattered  alon^^  the  borders  of  our 
eastern  slope  with  the  lurty-live  niillion^i  now  cprt-ad  uvi.t  the  omitincnt  from  oceon 
to  ocean,  and  destined  ere  the  htp.'-e  ulaiiotix-T  ei'iitury  to  reach  two  hundred  mil- 
lion^ of  freemen, — itf^  imnienjie  territory  einliracini;  almost  all  the  climes  and  pro- 
duci>s  ui"  lIic  uuiid,  ^pu;.id  ouL  ii^  the  hand  of  dud  aa  an  asylum  for  t!ie  op[)res;ed  of 
mankind, — I  am  overwhelmed  with  the  thouy;lit  of  it«  risin^^  greatness,  and  the  ini.-j- 
sion  it  has  to  perform.  And  whose  heart  doe.s  not  tiirob  witli  joy  at  the  recollection 
of  the  events  we  ttiis  day  celebrate?  Whose  eyct?  have  not  Ijeen  tjiiirused  with  tears 
of  gratitude  by  tlie  scenes  of  this  day,  the  peals  of  merry  })elLs,  the  balvon  of  booming 
cannon,  the  presence  of  con;,'re;,'atLd  thou^ands,  and  the  sont;  of  praise  and  thanks- 
giving rising  like  incense  from  the  altars  of  freemen  to  the  God  of  battles  who  hath 
delivered  us  from  opprestiion  and  made  us  "  free  indeed  "? 

Standmi;  tiicn,  as  we  do  to-day,  about  to  enter  on  the  second  century  of  our 
national  existence,  let  us  remember  tlie  way  in  whicii  the  Lord  hath  led  us.  ilov.' 
errand  tlie  story  of  our  llepuhlio!  How  momentous  its  inihience  on  the  welfare  of 
mankind  !  liow  bright  the  future  witli  anticipations  of  freedom  for  the  world  !  Let 
us  abo  remember  tiie  c-acritices  made  to  secure  the  jtricelets  blesr-ings  we  enj(jy  ;  and 
let  us  resolve,  "live  or  die,"  tliat  we  will  stand  by  the  Constitution  and  L'nion  of 
these  States, — a  Union  cemented  by  the  blood  uf  our  fatliers,  brethren,  and  sous  ;  a 
Union  that  none  can  sever  ;  a  Union  sovereign,  supreme,  eternal ! 


GENERAL  PUTNAM'S  RIDE  TO  CONCORD. 

[ihe  loiiowing,  from  rhe  pen  of  J.  iiammond  Trumbull,  LL.D.,  is  taken  from  the 
Hart'ord  Daily  I'ourant,  of  July  24,  1875.] 

When  news  of  the  lighc  at  Lexington  and  Concord  reached  Pomfret,  IsrAcl  Put- 
nam, says  his  biogrnjilier,  Colonel  ilumphreys,  '*  left  his  plough  in  the  middle  of 
the  field,  and  without  waiting  to  change  his  clothcsi,  set  out  for  the  theatre  of 
action."  He  was  in  Concord  on  the  second  day  after  the  battle,  and  the  same  day 
(April  21st),  after  a  conference  with  the  Ma^.'^achusetts  Committee  of  Safety,  he 
wrote  to  Connecticut  to  advise  the  irovernor  and  council  what  was  to  be  the  colony's 
quota  for  the  army  to  be  raised  in  New-England.  These  facts  getin  to  have  escaped 
the  notice  of  our  historians,  and  at  the  late  centennial  celebration  in  Concord 
Governor  lugersoU's  allusion  to  Putnam's  visit  in  1775  did  not  pass  unquestioned. 

A  despatch  trom  the  Committee  of  Safety  at  'Watertown,  dated  at  10  A.  M.  on  the 
19th,  was  received  in  Poiufvet  about  8  A.  M.  on  the  20th,  bringing  news  that  the 
British  had  fired  on  the  people  at  Lexington,  "  killed  6  men  and  wounded  4  others, 
and  are  on  their  march  into  the  country."  About  3  P.  M.  a  second  despatch  came 
to  Colonel  Ebenczer  Williams  of  Pumfret,  one  of  the  Connecticut  Commictee  of 
Safety,  with  an  account  of  the  tight  at  Concord.  Colonel  Williams  forwarded  the 
news  by  express  to  Canterbury  and  Norwich  ;  writing,  under  date  of  3  P.  ^L  (mis- 
printed "  A.  M."  in  Force's  Am.  Archives,  IV.  ii.  3031,  "  1  am  this  moment  in- 
formed by  express,"  etc.  The  fjllowing  litter  from  Putnam,  dared  in  Concord,  on 
the  21sC.  shows  that  he  did  not,  leave  Connecticut  until  after  the  receipt  of  the 
second  despatch,  that  is,  until  after  he  liad  news  "at  Pomfret"  of  the  battle  at 
Concord.  In  the  interval,  between  the  arrival  of  the  first  and  second  expresses,  he 
was  pro'''ably  in  conference  with  the  Windham  county  committees  and  military  of- 
ficers. ThLs  letter  was  printed  in  Norwich,  on  Sunday,  th»j  23d,  together  with  other 
reports  of  the  battle,  in  an  extra  from  the  office  of  the  Norwich  Packet. 

«  '  Norwich,  April  23. 

Sunday,  4,  P.  M.  _ 
A  gentle;r.an  arrived  here  this  Day,  and  has  favoured  us  with  the  following  parti- 
culars, which  wc  think  proper  to  c(.'inmunicate  to  the  Public,  who  may  deijend,  that 
the  most  strenuous  Exertion  of  Abilities,  and  unremitting  Asoiduity  of  the  Pub- 
lishers, sliall  never  be  wanting  to  give  them  satisfaction. 

Concord,  April  21. 

To  COLOVEL  E.   W'lI,LI.\MS. 

Sir — I  have  waited  on  the  Committee  of  the  Provincial  Congress,  and  it  is  their 
Determination  to  have  a  ^^t;lnding  Army  of  22,flU0  men  from  the  New-England  Colo- 
nies, of  which,  it  is  Mjf'posed,  the  Colony  ot  Connecticut  nuist  raise  6.(X)0,  and  begs 
they  Would  be  at  C'u'.wriV/g,:  as  speeddy  as  [)'>ssible,  with  Conveniences;  together 
with  Provisions,  and  a  Sufficiency  of  Ammunition  for  their  own  Use. 


504  Appendix.  [Oct. 

The  Bnttle  here  is  much  as  has  been  represented  at  Pomfret,  except  tLat  there  is 
more  killed  and  a  Number  more  Uikoti  I'rinijners. 

The  Aceouiit-i  at  pre?'ont  are  so  conl■u^■cd  that  it  in  impoPsiMe  to  asccrtaiu  the 
number  exact,  but  shall  inform  you  of  the  Proctedin.ijs,  from  Time  to  Time,  aa  we 
have  new  Oocurrauced  ;  mean  Time  I  am, 

Sir,  your  humble  servant, 
.     -  Israel  PriNAif. 

N.  B.  The  Troopij  of  Horse  are  not  expected  to  come  until  furtlier  notice.  j 

A  true  copy  E.  Wiw.ia.ms.  j 

[The  broadside  ha«  this  imprint :  "  Printed  by  Robertsons  and  Trumkull,  who 
■will,  in  a  few  Days  have  fur  Sale,  Thk  Crisis,  numbt.T  One  and  Two — A  JJloodv 
CocKT  !  a  Bloody  ill iNXSTRY  !  and  a  Uloody  Parliamknt  !"] 

At  9  o'clock  in  the  evening  of  the  SOd,  a  few  hours  after  this  sheet  was  printed, 
another  letter  from  Putnam,  dated  at  Cambridge,  April  22,  was  received,  with 
despatches  for  the  C'lmmittee  of  Correspondence.  In  this  he  urged  immediate  sup- 
plies of  troops  and  provisions.     (See  Mies  Caulkins'a  History  of  Norivich,  p.  3S1.) 

The  AVindham  county  "  troops  of  horse," — 45  men,  nnuer  command  of  Major 
Samuel  McClellan  (great-^^randfather  of  Major-General  Geo.  B.  MoClellan), — had 
marched  for  Lexington  bciore  the  receipt  of  Putcam'K  letter  of  the  21at. 


INDEX  OF  NAMES. 


A  1 

Abbet,  net 
Abbot,  33,  231,  ?,2\,  857, 

411 
Abelard,  359 
Abercrombie,  Z".6 
Abcrtti-en,  i;!l 
Abcniothy,  ;i}3 
Acliini.  42,  45,  407 
Acrt-li'j8,  2U.-*,  210 

l'i5,  114,  150,  I'n.i.  -jn;. 
2-27,  -jfo,  271,  i7'2,  27V, 
2yO,  2'Jl,  l;v»l.  307,  30--, 
3l:l,  .TJ7,  :^40,  044,31(1, 
.  347,  049,  35if,  301,  30G, 
875.  381,  :i>'-3-<o.  Z'M, 
3U4,  .?IM,  40,S,  400,  4.U. 
447,  4  l.S,  450,  4o',',  4oO', 
479.  4;t,  4.-;6,  48d,  406. 
SCO,  501 

Addeman.  21S 

Ad'ilf.  lii 

Adolph,  20S,  209 

^Ihra,  S41 

Aflleek.  141 

Aiiiiv.o-th,  301,  SCi,  311 

Albfee,  1^2.  309 

Albion,  124 

Alcock.  lOS,  224,. £70 

Alden,2i>l.  2n 

Alderidge,  1S3,  1S4 

AI-.kTuian,  44.' 

Aid  rich,  115, 152,4:5,457 

Alexuuder,  2i0 

Alford,  71 

Alger,  US,  120.  270,272 

Alsfouquin,  .'(54 

Aliot,  :;1,  >2 

Alien,  1,  34-3r.,*^M2.47. 
fc2.'J3.1.:l.  122.  140.152, 
2f.l,  31-.<,  3;n,332,  453 

Alley,  450.  4oO 

Ailing.  105 

jMliii>on,  33.",-34 

Allison,  444 

AUsion,  242 

Allyn,  28,  318 

Alpihc,  yw 

Alrard,  l.il 

Ant  ana.  24-'5 

Ambro.ie,  IfO 

Ainei,  113,  121,  394,  490, 
4W 

Amherst.  376 

Amorv.  >-l,  118.  120.  121 
126,  Ivi,  ml,  2o<5,  3;JI 
3.32.  4'X) 

Amofl,  20.') 

Andre',  :c* 

Audrew,  326.  .'?1 

Andrcwd,  4e0,  to;} 


Androsi.  «1,  C2,  382 

Angoll,  122,  22C 

.\iig-ier,  113 

Amiable,  243 

-^  nne,  Queen,  3.W 

ATJlin',  309 

Avjloton,  151,  206,  320,' 

4>7,  4'.'0 
ApcLnrp,  500 
Ara,  00 

Aiclmaie.i.:, -tf),  4V 
Arcli'T,  2'.»'.i.  3C0 
Arii;itap-c,  210 
Aniritt,  337 
Arnistead,  320 
Arnunrong,  113,114,118, 
!     115 

Aruold.  122, 170,241,312, 
i     331,332,  388,  4ti) 
lAri^kine,  2yt',  300 
lAsh,  42,  261,  256 
Usher,  241 

JAsh'ey,  47,  56,   110,  147, 
I     H?,  2S7,  332 
JAshton,  224,  271 
lAskevr,  r:'3 
'.A'-j-iiiwail,  80,  81,  279 

i     oOl 

lAtchinson,    50.  .^7,  110 
;     125,  27s,  314.  322 

Atherton,  25,  W 

Atkins.  71,  204,  310 
|Atk'n>on,461,  4.-9 
lAtthv.-ajivut,  239 
lAttH,  07,\-y 

Atwater,  105. 100 

Atn-ell,  .3.-,2 

At;\-ood,  iVS,  234,487 
lAudciirieii,  4^0 
•Audubon,  221 
lAuaer,  272 

Austin.  67-69,  71,  117 
271,  290-93,  329,  330, 
490 

Avery,  30,  31,  278,  311 

Avis,  68 

Avers,  31,33,  35,  37,107 
313 

Ay  erst,  256 

A>Tes,  107 


BacoD,  122,  301,  828,  48<5|l{painan,  320,  .321 
I'.adger,  .322,  443  jbeard-sbsy,  00,  105,   122, 

15m  L'^',    !ii-c>\\    W',    147,'     218 

160-52,  283,   2.-4,  2^0- l;enre.  84,  95,  191 

S-S  |B'--aroe,  214 

Bnglev,  313,  490  |i;eckwitli.  331 

Ba;'ual,  »2,  1,<-,  1S8,  18'.'  jlledle.  400 
Kailey,  313,  32U  iKedorthB,  146 

JJuk.r,  5,  6'.t,  310,  490        ll'.eecbf  r,  217 
J^aldwin ,  122,  218,  327      !  P.oer,_  106 
jKin.   l.)U,    Ijj.,   :.:42,  i.ciG,  iJt-i-r  J.  201 


2-3.  2n7,  289,  400 
IWIliiutiue,  3.33 
Ballard,  290,  .384 
Ba!naves,  215 
Halsac,  131 
IlanipliL'ld,  42 


.Belcher,  70,  159,161 
JBelhouse,  '.•s 
iBelknap,   173,  174,   ISO, 
I    455 

]BtH.  42,  44,  46,  10-1,  107, 
230,  315,  443 


r.ruiiptoa,  2C5,  269,  270    ^Bellir.ghani,  81,  82 

B.imrick,  492  IBonham,  2ij8,  453-6 

jBancroft,  ]46,  147,   150,  Ben uet,  08,  165-09,  203, 

220  220,  2S4,  266,  440    |     314,  418 
IB.-^iirteld,  32  iBeisou,  35,  126,  300,  4SS 

!Ba!ik.-,  112  iBeut,  74 

iBank3,  4.J0,  454,  4,=i8,  4'.19  Beritly,  67,  09 

Barber,  50,  58,  72,  122,  Beresf.Td,  47,  67,  Hi 

lo2.  221,  2>;4,  280,  2C.7     Berkelf  y,  218,  .241,  365 
lBarlowe,f.7,  401  |Berna)d,  279 

'lUu-aei.',  488  iBerriniau,  45 

Jiarki'i-,  3  U37,  39,  40,  50,'Berry,  30-41, 00,  253,155, 
1     5>  ::•.'.  144.  2S3,  284,  280.      40 1 

2?7,  4,>3,  401  iB-irtham,  101 

Barnordihtou,  101  iBe^t,  454 

Barns,  lo7,  182,  217,  2«l,'Bett3,  255,  257,  259,  SOS 
.  311,  312.  310  jBeveridge,  205 

narr.4,  3i,2  iBickertteith,  205 

Burrell,  27s  'Biokford,  3.  34,  261,  205, 

Barrett;  5,  45,  S81,  38S.!     2G7-C9 
454,  4'",1  (Bidwell,  25,  28 

Barricgton,  98  jBii'K,  25:v-<)0 

Barron,  110.  117  iBicler,  479,  4a9 

Barrows,  l'.:4  jB:!l,  121 

Barstow,  206,  207  iBillings,  241-43,  454 

ijiarthol'imew,  iH.  309    iBindou,  43,  112 
iBartleit.  55, 107,  12C,  149,  Bingham,  53,  95,  l.?6.  ISfi 

206,  '.^42.  331,  45.8  jBinufy,  3,  116,  224,  315 

|l5arton,241  iBioren,  210 

■Barrv.  91.  95.  100,  492      ; Birch.  327 

Ba«sett.  1U5, 142, 2'Jl, 293  Bird,4'Jl 

Butcheld.jr,  220,  448         iBi^bee,  446 

Baie  253  iBishop,  122;  139,  274,  275 

r.ates,  128,217,255,258  IBissell.  217 


BAh,  32.34 
iBabh,  31,  33,  S8 
JBa'.bet,    107,    293,    294 

.302,  4-9 
iBaher.  69 
lEabcock,   114,   118,  306 

4,i5,  461 
Ba.-hrler.  71,  2c3,    254 

2.55,  '-59 
Bachelder,  379 


Bsthe',  2'.'3,  2'>4 
Bafar.  KW 
Batte.  254 
Baugh,  488 
Baxter,  488 
Bavnard,  42 
B.^'vninir,  43.  99 
Bfach,'l47.  318 
IWaC'.n.  2.53,  260 


Bjorck,2l0 
Bluckden.  2^5,  207 
iBlackbcud,  40 
jBlacknian,  81.314,  437 
Black.-tyiie,  300 
Black v,-ell.  313 
Blasxe.li2 
liiaMie.  470 
Biakc,  31-3, 33,  US.  149. 


i  Beal,  rr.  ;>,  253,  ^r.i,  255,;     31V 

'    259,  41:3  iUlalibslee,  491 


506 


Index  of  Barnes. 


Blancha,  1C7  iP-rrvrer,  400,  405  iP.Tron,  22,  3^^ 

Blancl:ard,313.  326,  S.=;.?,P.r.  V.  itLT,  -l.'O  ) 

Blaudin'.',  ;;■»!  I'.riant,  :'.0,  ;;i,  35, 39        |  C 

Bl.irie.T.'rj  jl'.rick,  r;J 

I'.lasso,  30  I'.rKl.'c,  o'.'-j 

Jlhiuvtit.  3";t  r'.ri<I.'ii:MU,  •-'42 

B!a.-o,  30,  Z",  33,  35,  37.;I-riiI;-ii;ati,  l<n 

3tf,  41  I'-  ^  •:>.:-,  tJ,  71,  2o3,250,'Cali'.frwoo.i, 222 

ric;.iin.  U:0  j    '^.h  Culhoun,  3-'},  34' 

hlin,  -!6  r.rl/hnm,  107,  443 

Biiii,  it".  67  IHrinlcv,  Ir.',  031 

Bliti;p,4".  ji;ri!l,  ol3 

BloCt^'iLaJ,  72  IHritt.-in,  2o4 
Bli-Ki.'ett,3.U 

Blois,  3f-i  ICroiii'.ii,  1J2 

Bloorcfi..:d,  9?,  274,  334  iJ'.rooiirick,  -^45 


Tabot,  141 
("slumy,  111 
Cal:inan,44i2 
ra:.'.v;iy.  -.'.W 
'.f  rv»ooii,2 

340 
Cu'iL  t'i7-'J,  1>;7, 
CKlil.rop.',  I'jt 
laniJm,  Xt.,  3IV5,  366 
C.im<-,  I'.'j 
llrotlhend,  1 1?,  23-'',  324  |C;uriianiui<,  209 

C;u. I [ibcll,  17-',  218,   33:,'Clii:rch 
4-1,  4-r  " 


1-9  i 


BIodS,  2'.-J         ■  Ibrooks.AN  102.  125,  152.''':.iin;.!'i.-ll.  3.-; 

Blount,  l^j,  190  I     I.-)3,  I'j",  ru,  1^9,  2i>i,'C;in:pioti,  S? 

Boardman .  40!,  459,  501       24 ',  317.  •";■.:■.•,  iJi  U.'anb.v,  123 

Boaruiaa.  112  'Br.-"!.-!!,  1-S  lCRne.j'''J 

Bod>;e,  2->0,  291  2-i3.291,;i<.-ou-'l.ani,  .^"  'Cancr,  7o 


3','J 

Bodortha.2.0v-&.ij 
Boifej,  15'.'.  32o 
Eoran,4-a 
BoM^n,  2i9 
Boh':r,  1-6 
Borne,  in 
Bor.J,  5^,  59,  455 
Lonntr,  T ^i 
Bor.nvea;;Ie,  245 
Boonj  iSJ 
Bormo^jl,  ^-j? 
BoroQ;?h.  ,*2 
B'^^*.rr.,2:.7 
EouJiriot.  034 
Bo-j^cp'..'.:'.: 
Bo. Iter.  -Vo 
BoutI-tLt,  3C4 
Bourn,  rC4 
BoutoB.  ."1«,  7,2'.,  .V?5 
Eout;s-t;!,4-9,  ivJ 
Bowden,  2.^") 
Bowdoin.  144.  .347,  3^3 
Bowan,  SO!,  Co! 
Bowker,  .320 
Bowies,  254 
Bowman,    72 

31'^ 
Bow:  e,  3.33 
Bovd,  119,  445 
Boyte,  55 

Boyhlon,  67,  63,  ZW 
Boynton,  125 
Boysio,  2.5S 
Brdbazon,  ;i3 
BrackcnLu.r-',  2W 
Bracteu, 

5y, 


il}rou::hMn,  2ii>,  259,  2W'f.'uniuy,  Qi'A 
Ero-.vn,  f^7,  'J"',  112,  l-4,i(Ja7acci.  243 
221,   22'.',   2i'>-4,:,    2o'i,,Carbc2rifl,  100 
2*1-63,    2'.<1,     2'."^'i'';ij,  CarDuciiat-l,  299 


IChnuccr,  572 

Clisuiieey,  43,  310 
('hcfrjeinaii,  2.S0 
Cii'.x'vcr,  41 
Clieni-y,  2.'y,  30},  400 
Ch..'jk-7,2f>",  2i><.  2'VJ 
ClustiT,  43,  ^40-42,  306, 

3;2,  .'WO.  5C/1 
ChlcV.'inng,  09,  290,  2'j7, 

-■•;,  421 
Clii'.l,2K',  .309,  447,  4'>9 
iCl.ilton,  3l.i 
|C!iC:iti-,  I'iJ,  445 
'Cliri.-'tianii.  Quonn,  123 

!'>1,    :.''"i-5,    2(37, 
I     2"..-;,  272,  3H-i,  ;"/■) 
Chu.-cKill,  214,  1.-1,  4:9, 

*S7 
Cilluy,  119 
CLiUeii,  .TJij 
Clanctirthy,    9-),  91,  'jJ, 

'j4,    l-'J 
C;anrickard,   60,  £1,  02, 

'.'4,  l.rs 
Cian,  W,  I'.V.,  2'.3 


310,  330.  331,  3.37,  33-<,UJarew,  ^2,  s9,90,  C4,lS9,.Cia.-endoD,  S 


345,  3J4,  3,S1,  3^•^,  447,1     IW 
433  !Carfy,  42,  72,  290 

Brov.ne,  44.5,  417,  45-1-5; iCurleton,  170 


"arutv,  4?S 

Carpenter,  217,  305,  S.32, 
.3J.<,  4  J3 

Carr.  v:-,  r;3,  2-:; 

<Airrier,  151.  152 
Carroll,  irj,  213 


Cfli-30a,2!3  IClark.  32 

Carter.  3'.',  31.32.  41,  lti3.iCi<rmeni-e.  312 

221,  241,  2t>4,   312,  3.3S,:C:etr.ont,  2r,l,  2 

IW  :C!e!.iPd,  1(M 


4'n,4>.-,490 
tJirowuiue,  215,  309 
'Bruce,  2,  3,  4,  107 
iBruen,  3^14 

iBrvan,S3 
jBryant,  330 
|i>rvar,  40 

Br;d5e^,233,  217 

Bu.'ic,  72,  i:3.  I,i4 

Biackclew,  1C6 
JBuckinL-'haDi.  206,  329 
iBucklaw.  31.:; 
iBac'ciuan,  103 
|Cuck.-i:iii;tr-r,  405,489 
JBucknarn,  4-54 

Buckne!.  40 
iBu.Id.  lU 
307,  3lS,Bj1r.ckshead.  43 
jBatKngton,  222 

Bu?Lfcu,  3ur..  307,  311 
IHaltiaca,  14 
iB-jlkelev,  1^3,  203.. 321 
I  Bullock.  3-fi 
|Bunce,  300.  313 
(Banker,  4.^,  291 
]Burt>ant.  143,  454 
iKardi.:k,  21u 
:-j,    40,  41,1  Burden,  21 

,i'.u-"e.-'s,  02, 127,240,242,  f^acc,  50,  222 
165,  1C«,I     3H  iCtianibers.  70,  107,  250 


ClarUf,  2.  3: 

7;-'-o,  100,  11.?.  ;!--ji'.i. 

122.  l-'9,  1.57.  Uj,  :v4, 
U'4,20'>-.^.  221,  2:-;,  ■.■'=■<, 
270,  .303,  3  C,  Sl'J,  .3'_':. 
J'J4.  ."-iu.  3;<0,  44.,  4V^, 
4.).i,  45i"),  45S,  47'>,  ■i^':, 
4-9,  yXi 
L'.v.  r,.  liOo,  2'33,.324,340 


333 


Carte.-st,  105,  274 
Carton,  4.:3 
Caitwrieht.  50 
Carter.  271,  272 
Cary,  217,  450    , 
Case,  ri5 
Cashel.  91 
Cassiday,  314 
CaUflar,  202 
Ctistleion,  190 
Casrfel!.  3-32 
Cate,    30-3, 

2r.S,  2-39 
jCatherine,  Queen,  241 
ICatlin.  335 
Caudr^,  314 
Cavanair'a,  ?2,  90,  93 
Icazmav,  453 
Corvante.s  V99 


Clere.yS 

Cloves,  99 

CUir.jrd,  6,43,32,95,  1S5, 

1>9 
lClinton.42,  172,  334,391, 

397,  399,  4!il,40.j 
Clonrlbrtt.  1S3 

ClojiSOD,  101 

IClovct;,  67 
jCUVe,  101 
ICobb.  475,  439 
35-41,  260.  Cochrano,  453 
iCoddi acton,  241 
Codrinrton.  42 
CosJin,  t),  4>-50,  122.  "2.'i, 
145.    2''>1.    2V>,  2rr4-^7, 
27.3-75,  2s  i,  372 
Cosan, 72 

Co-awpll,  20'1,  453,  4C-9 
Coir,  1'.4.  lOJ.  125 
iCidbfrt,  23 

2SI, 


Bradbury,  12._,  _._,  __.,      ^.. 

3..'.0  iBurffOTTJe,  172,  401,  4'J3,i<JbamhprI.i!n,    261,  262,'Coiburn,   113,   205, 

BraddGck,  29S  iO  ,  50-9  i    2f.4-^;7,    311,   312.  457,!    301,  302,  311,  4-->0 

Bradford,  123,  ISS.  240,'Biirk^.  «,  85,  S*.  90-3,1    4^-,  4W  IColby,4;.'^ 

3u5,  310,  4.M,-;?J,  4W     I     i/9.   1>5,    li-J,   l.>-).  203.  ChaniperaoTTi:,  4.5  iCcle,  42,  45,  103.  303 

Bradlrv,   ic^ 

3-.-y,  .334, 


Brad^haw,  70 
Eradstreet,  69 
2'Jl,  -^'Ji.  312, 
Bradwus  -94,  3C9 
Brainard.  125 
Braley,  ;uo 
BramstoQ,  257 
Bramblf-,  24.5 
Brandon,  l-'O 
Erardot:,  21 
Brastow.4'"d.  490 
Bruttte.  €2,  5>) 
Brareel.  3.0,  36,  39 
Brazer,  I'l 
Brazier,  'Vi 
Br«;rk»'nndge,  213 
Bretd.  203 
BrcevLTt,  211 
Brew,  .;** 


14<},      3'3,  335,  362,  3C3,  371,iCbai;icion,  140-49,  151     jColii'-r.  45,  IW,  237 

3J7  iChan.llor,  I'W,    123,  212.;Co!:i!»3.  97.  '."J.   K4,    122, 

45.3,      2:0,  272,  331.  34:,   461, 

40S 


!15,  3C8,  CO'J, 
4'X) 


ICha:der,  71 


iBurleish,  4:0 
5,  276,  Burnham,  306.  313 
I  Burnet.  2'.>5,  345 
ICuraa,  3-^1 
iBurnside,  242,  i>>i 
|Bu.-r.  12-'.  1",  l':9 
Burreii,  1-.'.  ;'>32,  4S3 
|Burrou2b.i  281 
iBort.  3.^7,  4'J'9 
iBajh,  107,  123,124,312 
il3u?t.aell,  327 
|Butcl!.ir.  2.59 

iButler,  J.-;.  ro,9't.9.';.  ia5, 'Charles  X.,  1.30 
1     ivj,  -4J,  ■27-.',  4S-1,  491     iCb.irles  Xll..  20tf 


Cohnan,  217,357 


IChannin-.  241  |Col:,  -30.  4s> 

CLapln,    55,   57,   14*-49„Colton.  57,  148,  149 

I.VJ  (Columbus,  391 

IChapman,  36-42,  46,  125,;ColTiUe,  111 
I  12'i,  li-),  3U,  .TJI.  323  Comb-.,  147 
Charles  I.,  132,  l.:4,  243,  Comegyd,  r23 

2!4,  .337  iComirn.  lO'j,  4*3 

ClTaries  11.,  134,214,241, iComnionj.  3.35 
'  iCompt<.n,253,2£4,  259 

iConi-stock,  57 
[Com a;.'..  314,  502 


r.'JtrriJk.   21-0,   37'J,   .fcsl.  Charleton,  2.^7  ;Con  B-ica.^b,  o3, 

I     .3>.^,  459  ;Cha-'.-.  145,  •^■■■6.  .322,  499  iCor.drn,  j6 

Rut'i^->.  446,  453  iC!i:if:i.irr.    17,  302  iCor.et,3'3 

[:iit'*.  :'C.:  iCb.itts.  V,6  konett,  .303.  ."07 

IBuzrell,  2e5, 2!iS,  2«9       iCiiii'.twiU,  319  IConingaby,  ti 


Index  of  jSfmnes. 


507 


Connaiight,  186  Cutting,  1S4 

Coniierlar,  \hi  Cutta,  :.'0f),  •>ii\,  372 

Connor.  JOi 

Conor,  ^j  D 

CoTiver*e,  1.10,  15t,  15>i,;Dncey,  400,  491 

Couway,  .ii.j  luai,',:,'Ctt,  :W 

Conver.-',  4'j.  ISS  iDuilev,  331 

Cooke,  ri,  1~2-S4,  292, -'24:  Dull,  liJ'J 
Cooly,  :i4-»i,  5s,  5'J,  HU- J 'altt  n,  4,-)3 

51i2b7  lOnrii,  31,  o'3-7 

Cooney,  491  Unm.?,  i:07 

Cooper,  15,  PO,  145,  14«,!  Damon,  CW,  204,  4Q2 

Hs.    151,    irO-7'<:,   ISO.iDainpnfy,  200 


242,  2S4,  2>o,  ZSJi, 

Copelaud,  4'jD 

Copley,  59 

Copps,  2i'4,  205 

Corbin.  ;iul,  302 

Corey,  20u 

Cork,Vil 

Cornell,  117,  222 

Cornett,  242 

Corni.^h.  131 

Cornvr.'iliij,  279 

CornweU,  ifi 

Corr,  491 

Corson,  2'3'> 

Corvnere^,  341 

Cosby,  Is'.) 

Cosmo,  240 

Cotter,  492 

CoLU......  3,  V,Z 

Cottrell,  42,  315 

Couch,  322,  33d,  490 

Coudrev.  71 
Coulduck,  2'.)!,  293 
Coulton,  2S7 
Counts.  t'kS,  291 
Courtney,  42.  45 
CoutUouy,  4;7 
Cowdy,  21.5 
Cowes,  31  > 
Cox,  lt>4,  105,  319,  353 
Co\Ia.  492 
Craddock,  lOO 
Cragte,  3!9 
Crar.iner,  .iiU 
.   Crane,  78,  151,227,  433 
Crawford,  11,  71 
Creasy,  319 
Creek,  41 
Crchore,  81 
Croa<i,  41 
Crocker.  2tl,  325 
Cruckert,  270 . 
Crofts,  •i:: 
Croriiwe!l,l,13,  111,  1,33 

242,  203 
CroplaTid,  245 
Crosby,  2fl2,  205 
Cross,  31':.,4'.il 
Cros'e-.TeU,  2'.'2,  294 
Crouue,  1,>4 
Cron-ch,  07 
Crowley,  4y2 
Cramp,  258 
Culiam,  .'2 
Cummin 

4. 


Dan.H,    12S,    179,  367-79, 

440,  4V2 
Dane,  490 
Daufortli.    63,    W,    300, 

3)2,  313,  322,  450,  490 
Dandle.  21 


312,  332 
D.-.nielson,  2fi7,20S 
Danton,  129,  300 
Darby,  25G 
Diirlev,  27 
Darling,  313 
Durlinn,  2i:*l 
Darrell,  42 


153,    202,  20S,;Dix,  200 


Dovotinn,  IIS 
D'Kwes,  101 
De  \V<:s,  158 
Dewev,  ,^7,  310 
Do  W'itt,  lis 
De  \V''>!re,241 
DPXter,  122,  156,  320 
Dickens,  243 
I>ickin?on,  311,  4S7 
Digby,  HI 
l)i;,'L'ins,  152 
Dillington,  43 
Dillon,  4.nS 
Diman,  331 
Dimniock,  306 
Din^'Ioy,  490 
Dinwiddle,  29S,  299 
Dinsmoor,  4-13 
Dispensvr,  2!1 
Dittev,  205,  203 


Dobbs,  21 

Dockum,  30-3,  38,  40,  41 


Durkee,  .378,  405 
Durell,  1.35 
Diirrie,  120,  335 
Durvee,  .3.'53 
Duftuii,  306,  313 
Duval,  22'J 
()vvi;.'lit,  :'.02 
Dyer,  33,  \M,  315 

E 

Ea;;or,  320 
Kadmons,  30,  35 
Kuds,  7u,  292,  294 
Ka'^tburn,  17a,  204 
Kastman,  302,  41(0 
Katon,  148,222,252,263, 

309.  330 
Eddy,  309,  3!o 
Edes.  117,  \U,  206,330  . 
Edgardon,  low 
EdjjiTly,  20ii,  208 
>'d^'erton,  311 


Dodi,'e,  110,  290,  302,  32'J  '^''"'■^■''''"■t'L'  ~^^ 


DoUin;rtoa,  42 
Dog-^'ett,  .';:!y 
Dohertv,  491 
Dole,  OO 
Donevan,  .33,  38 


Dartmouth,  373,  374,  3.S3!  Doolittle,  217 


Darrrv,  j9  iDurau,  yi 

Darwin,  197  Dorr,  32'y 

iDoiy,  7:..  110 
iDoabkdrtv,  05,  291,29: 
I     204 
103,:Doiid,217 
:ii7, 1  Douglass,  54,    109,  123, 
14*,  ir,0,  217; 


Davenport,  489 
Davidson,  215 
DavD,  30-3,  35,  37-0 

lis,  1.32,  204,  200. 

209,  .301,   3:-;0,  3.38,  370j     14*,  l,",oi 

3S1,  Gt-5,  .'toe*,  390,  44s,  Duus,  2UU 

•i90  Dowda!,  95 

Darison,  297 
Davoy,  02 
Dawes,  3t.5,  3?G 
Dawsou,  217-19 
Day,   55-9,    149-51,  104, 

2i«.3-t9 
Dayton,  .334 
De  Aquila,  191 
Dear.,  117,  US,  120 

194,  2<J<"i-0o,   224, 

33t>-39,  4y0 


Dearborn,  -30-4,  .37,  39 


Dowell,  l'.i7 
Dowliiii;-,  02 
Downer,  490 
Dowuiu-.',  112, 
Downs,  201,  203,204,  207 
jDows,   31,  .".2,  07,  09,  70, 

Dtivie",' 122'" 
1.52,;D'Oiiv,  100,   101 
329,  Drake,  47,  119,207,304 
'     310,  3:«>    • 


41 
De  A9tan;j3,  23 
De  xVssi-e,  132 
Deblois,  490 
De  Brew-o,  9S-100 
De  Chartre,  22 
De  Flncham,  97 
De  Estuin.iT,  213 
De  Grafi",  .';1S 
De  Hiiuteville,  97,  lOO 
Deloraine,  200 
Delvin,  94 
Demare.st,  331 
Dcmerritt,  200,  207,  209, 

270 
Do  Meulnn,  137 
,  155, 156,206,jDeni!n'r.  278 

De  .^ioMtpensier,  132 


Dmper,  .301,335,.343,-lSS 
Draynor,  250 
Dreiinau,  4c'5 
Dre.s^er.  12j,  217,  312 
Drew,  201.  20.>,  209  3.39 
Driscoll,  91.  ILU  j 

Drowne.  240,  200 
Drunimond,  90 
Drury,  57,  82.  92,  93 
Duau'e,  114,  2uO 
Dudley,  212,  224,240,314 
Du  Gauge,  1.34 
Duff,  84 
Dugan,  492 
Duke,  2."iy 
Duinblt'ton,  283, 2S4,286 

2^7.  289 
Duuibo!ti)n,  56 
Dunimer,  108,  275 
Dunbar,  7fJ-S 


Cunnin^xham,  215,  4M     iDenn.^tt,  125,  410  |wuiioar,  ,-^,-, 

Curler  Van   23s. 239,  492;Dennis,  21n,  240, 274, ,3.33  Duubovne,  Uo 
Curson,   ;00  iDi'mi'',  11-,  ■';24,  325,  457  Duncan   24'' 

Curtis,  .SI,  305,  314,  3cC-;  De  i-eyster,  20.^,  222        ;Dunirammo''n,  S6.  SS 


94 
Curtius,  -.53 
Cusack,  80 
CushiuL',    1.38,     201-^.3, 

325,  331.  .347 
Custi.-',  320 
Cutler,  7.),  120,  200,  218,1     \-jo 

22:i.  rjop,  a22,  329,  330,'Dd  Tiiou,  134 

441^7,  4,3  iDevtns.   .!:>    3 

Cutrer,  152-54,  233,  317,|     i.^/i,  -iii^^.- 

^'-^  IDevereaux,  117,  489 


Derby,  119,  120,221,  322,1  Dunham,  362.  305 

'^•>-^  IDunklee,  208 

Dering,  153  iDunlap,  102 

De  Katrine,  23  JDunn,  110,  125,  274  490 

D>>.s.T3ond,  83,  80,  SS,  ?9.;Dunnf!!,  125 
91^^93-0,  185,180,  lb9. Dunuinf,',  326 
Dun..-ter,  72 


Edmonds,  72 
Edmunds,  6.8,  203,  294 
312,  491  ' 

Edmundsou,  39 
Ed -on,  107 
JKdwards,  200,  279 
Egerton.  233,  230,  237 
£K't"Stone,  148 
[Egli,;tci:i,  329 
lEichberg,  450 
Elden, 125 
Eld;ed,  112 
Elmer,  59,  150 
Elmbtou,  257,  259 
Elit,  35 
Elizabeth,    Queen,     43 

92,93,  100,  191,215      ' 
Elliot,  25,27.  74,  IS)   IS-^ 

20'.i,  2.34,  .301,  310,  3.30" 
Eliery,  241 
Eliswortl),  55 
Ely,  0.5-7,  59,88, 147,  14it, 

151,  152,  2.^3-^fi,  288     ■' 
Emerson,   103,  ls3,  154 

204-00,  20s,  209,    293, 

329,  463,  489 
Emery,  125,  489 
Emmons,  172 
Kmory,  U. 
Eudicott,  275,  316,  3.58, 

490 
Eiigs,  71 
En.siug-,  28 
Epps,  iO,s,  109 
Errazuriz,  489 
f>skiue,  323 
K.ssex,  82,  92,  98,  !S9 
Esterbrook,  41 
Estes,  134 
Ettiug,  220,  489 
Eustice,  93,  103 
Evans,  217,  201,  31«  ^00 
.3:40,  492  '    "  ' 

Everett.  10,205,200,331 

380.  391,  392 
Evelith,72 
Kverton,  68-70,  294 
Ewen.s,  :v_*) 
Ewer,  329 


418, 


;Du;ne.  410 
|Du  I'ont,  3.J0 
iDurnnd,  100 
jDurgiu,30 


Fahcv,  492 

F.Mirneld,  128 

Fairnian.  59,  150 
|Fa!.-s,  2i>4 
iFalls,  21,  22.40 
iFaueuil.  158 

i Forney.  89 
Farnswortb,  25-7,  29, 
329,  440 


508 


Index  of  Names. 


Fnrnum,  57,  59,  146-4fi, 

150,  '-".'3 
Farr,  'J*l 

Forrar,  113, 110,192,225- 
Fny,  f/',  340 
I'u^.-...  w.cjwi,  -121 
Fearj,  4^>J 
Fellows,  4j1 
Felt,  56.  liS,  119,  152 
Felloti,  bi 
Fenollo^n,  444 
Fenwick,  321 
Fergusou,  222 
Feriiiory,  I'JO 
Fernald,  315 
Fernsworth,  29 
Ferrull,  'JO 
Fcrrur,  29i),  2'.'7 
Ferry,  5C,   2n,'!-S7,   2S'.', 

48y 
Ferson,  4-9 
Field,  121,  147,  148,  151. 

23o 
FieMcr,  12ri 
Fillmore,  192,  324 
Fisher,  17U,  242,  2i'l,  309, 

4>7 
Fijke,  2W,  321,  329 
Fitch,  60,  2o2,  290 
Fittoii,  'JO,  91 
iltzg^raUl,  SJ,  90,  93,  94, 

Fitzgibboa,  95,  190  JGallntin,  205 
Fitzmaurice,  89,90,  91, .Gallop,  121 

93.  V4  Gaipin,293 

Fltzparrick,  83,  91  «;itnini--U,  331 

Fitzwaiter,  So  Gaul,4>y 

Fitzwilliam,  SI,  91,  1S7  iGaunett,  220 

Fla??.  loJ.  157.  30y,  310  iGar-ly,  -zK-i 


Fran  ."is,  339  iGoddar-I,   119,    121, 

Frnnkliii.   -:0,    211,   221,;     44.^-4ii,  4S.s 
2iJ0,  3.i3,  345,  40.3  (i'xll'roy,3j0 

rrnzor,  22  GoM,  7:.; 

Fredericks.  491  |Go!dsinith,  300 

Freeman,  20, 43,  142,  lf)3,|(ioldthw:ut,  278 


207 


0,  iSS 


L»00,  40 
Gooch,  602 
Good.  4y2 

Gooilule,  27; 


Frenoli,  115 

Frc7zel,301 

Fri'ik,  57 

FroHsher,  99 

Frost,  2,  71,277,283,254, 

2Si),  263,  4S9  2-^4,  4S7,  4ul 

PYothiughaiu,  07-70,  72,  Gove,  37 

214,  202-94,  359,  499       JGookin,  36,  153,  339 
Fry,   159,   101,   1C2,  350,lGoold,  72,  I5o 


naIe,5C,C8, 109,275,4S'.', 
4'J<J 

Halev,  293.  491 

Hull,'  22,  25-27,  20.  70, 
mo,  107,  110,  !•.;:<,  ■JOO, 
207,242,240,  201,  -/(A- 
07,  209,  27^,  231,  2J.;, 
.3-*7,  344 

Hallaiii,  I3.'i 

irulbtcud,  333 


351,  :jo.i,  393 
J>yer,  315 
Fuller,  53,  217,  302,  303, 

4'v),  4y0 
Fiiin>rd.  42,  44 
Furlier,  277,  469 
Furlong,  492 
Furness,  220 
Fynes,  46 

G 

Gadsden.  240 


(;oodell,  200,  341-00,  44Mlani,  3^0,   223,261,202, 

G'lodwin,  71, 125,  2G1-03,|    2r.i-70 

Humblin,  307 
llauibkun,  107 
Jlup.iill,  .3:!2-34 
iJitinilton,  00,  212 


Gordon,  210 


230,  ::iiy.  34i»,  4U 


221, 


Gor>.'e3,   42-7,    112,  243,illuinlin,  150,  4>9 


214 

Gorh.im,  221 
Go?.^,  .-JO,  31,  39,40 
Goshorn,  469,  502 
Gutte   149 
Goudy,  3(.'9 
Gough,  lis,  120 
Gould,  453 
Grace,  90 
Giudtrriiid,  364 


Gi'iro.   43,   206,  207,  319,  Gr:i';iam,  lo;',  4S3 
344,  345,  347,  346,  3.=ii)-  Grama 


372,  373,  377,  3^4 
3>9,  397-9y,.450 


Gardiner,   103 
330 


Flaherty,  6.3, 492 
Flaniiacran,  492 
Fleminir,  43,47,189 
Flrtchel,  50,  57,  271,30?, 

332 
Fleury,  134 
Flint,  303 
Flood.  .^ 
Floreuce.  1.S9 
FloTcer,  55,  50,  151,  152 
Flovd.  123 
Fluker,  343 
Fosset,  67      • 
Fogg,  lis 
Foley,  4'.»2 

Folger,  46-.50.  52,  53,  144|(iLdnev,  .37 
FoUett.  cro,  4.-.3,  4yl        iGeorgf',  71 
Folshani,  41, -.7 
Forbes,  319 
Force.  297 
Ford.  31,292-94.31 
Forrest,  113 
Forr.ter,  "-jy 
Forthe,  101,  102 
Fosdick,  o.>-70,  290,  2',i2,lGi'ob3,  310 

2'>4  iGihson.  252 

Foskit,  291.  293,  294        jGiltord,  100 
Fo-os,  30,  32-5,  37,  39,  40.!G:i:!rs,  93 


Kampdeu,  2o»j,  U42 

ilaucuck,  125,  147,  1.13, 
240,  355,  350,  375,  ,%1, 
3>:i-.65,  Sy^,  443-5:i 

Hanchett,  59 

Hunlon,  89 

Uaiinaford,  446 

Uuusou,  204-67,  2C9,  270 

llarber,  ls2,  L^4 

llardiner,  43,  240-42 

iliudwick,  2o0 
lardy, 201 


iinruar,  454 
Granger.  57-9,  111,  146,'UHriiion,  lOS 

147,  150.  152  Iflarrimaa.  45U,  4;X) 

Gi'Uiir.is,  i:;7  lUaniLi^roii,  24'J,.j'.>7,4;7 

Gr.ant,  .30-3.  35,  39.  40.iHarri<<,  6,6,  9*^,  l'J2,  124, 
205,  .339,  4.:.6  '         |     164,  215,  210,  241,  VJl, 

GrauvUle,  211  iO.l,  291,  32y,  4'ji,  4C5, 

Graves,  70,  153  4oJ 

Graves,  295,3.;6,43S,469,'UarriBon.  Hi',  152,  340, 

490  356 

Gregg,  123  Harrowby,  245,  24o 

104.  321,iGreeu,  13-24, 5r.-3, 6.3-70. ;Ilart,  120,  305,  453 

139,   170-61,    242,    261  JHtrtford,  2o6,  23:),  20" 
Gr.rdncr,    50,    104,    154,1    27S,  279,  318,  329,  o33.,H;irtlev,  h 
l.-'3,  104,  168,  204,  200,j     379  jJlartranft,  490 

...     .„.    ....    ....    .,__    „  ..-...._        5  jHi'X-vty,  ,v2,  200.  268,  329 


223,  300,  312,  329,  353,;Greenlpaf,  118,27.3,: 
.350,  374,  405  jGreenougli,  453 

Garrett,  123  Greengni'ith,  2-50 


Gary,  301 
Ga.-kvne,  2.57 
Gaipar.-i,  241 
Gaftin.  245 
Gater,  105.  166 
G'ltes.  50,  313 
Gay,  46y 
Oesirv,  72 


Greenwood,  100 
Grenviiie,  :J83 
Grew,  111 
Grev,  82.  93-6 
Gri.lley,  278 


iHfirwood,  107.  i'l'O 
Ha-kell,  Iiy,  2o7 
lllfoket,  353 
tlHskins.    lis,   113,   206, 

301,  302,  330 
nastiugs,27,  12,  59,  309. 
322 


49-; 


306,  334 
Griggs,  47,  140,  3C I 
Grimslinw,  123,  1'  t 
Grir.dai,  304 
jGeor-i^  Iir.,320,.342,390;GnTiuell,  121 
Ger:ii dine,  94-6,  135, 1^0  IGri.skev.  .3.34 
'Gerriih,   261-06,  274-77,|Grijw6!d,  121,  24J 

276,  260  iGros,  39 

Gtrn-.'y,  319  iGross,  290,  315 

Gibbon,  43,1.33,220,2."    " 


Griiliu,  OS,  124,  291,  303,IUassrtm,  490 
"  ■•   ■'■•■  'llaich,  300,437 

Hatliorn.    41,    112.    283 

316 
Haul,  26,  27 


Haven,  121,  333,  482,  ^S^j 
JHavilc,96 
jHawe'i,  ll8 
I  Hawkins,  y9,  29d 
!  Hawks,  47,  211 
Grosvtnor,  301,  304.  309il4awley,  4.19 
Grow,  31-3,  ,3.5,313  '        'Hawr.horne,  354 
Guild,  119,  242,  .32-).  489  I'ilaves,  i/J,  174,  l60, 13.'., 
Guizot,  117,  120,  129-37,1     2i'.)3,    261-07,   20y,   3.33, 

193,  .337  446 

Guleck,  114  Havnes,  2.33,  300,  492 


41,  261-0.7  jGilbert,  9n.  107, 109,  llO.iGuriiev,  1,^3  iHaVward,  \\^>.  3o7,  .>i>0 

Foster,  2y,  31-3,  68,  70,     302.  -305,  300,  313,  321    iGustaf  Adolph,  203,  209iHazekon,  15J,  I'H,  445 
106,  121,  10:i,  20fi,  2-22,|GiIcl!ris[.  491  I  jllazlewood,  43 

229,253-55,257,    2.56, 'Gill.  07,  87,  290,  2'92,  293,  H  iHazlet,  4yl 

284,287,269,292,322,1    .309  Ffackett,  13,  313  iHazibrigge,  43 

323,  329  Gilman,  214,  274,  413        iladley,  445,  447. 491        illead,  241,  ::;42,  4.';3 

rournuevaux,  83  Gilmore,  491  Hadiock,   301,  304,  310,1  tltitly.  184,  ;i41,  3o3,  SOo, 

Fowle,  6.6,  71,  291,  293„G:ip.itrick,  90,   92,  320,1     3(3  311  ' 


294,  443 
Fowler,  54.  213,  2S3-«7,|Giuay,  453 

269,  319,  .?29,  453  Giadstnce,  220 

Fox,  5,  27,  .30,47.72,  llO.i'ilnTier,  104 

155,  157,  203,  217,  305,'Glcniiiin,  401 
„32y,  4'.'1  iGi:r-r,270,  313 

Foxcroft,  62.  5.1  iGoh". .  :«3 

Foye,  2(Vi,  293,  -i'A  iGoUaoJier,  257 

Foyle,  42,  47 


Ilflggett,  46S  I  Heard,  261-69 

Hagifins.  36  JEIeath,  254,  293,  S60 

Hahnemaun,  311  iHebart,  .326,327 

Hail,  264,  2,-6,  237  iHetlcrnan,  491 

Humes,  30-2,  .14-41,  274,iHeiii;iH3,  JOO 

4'!>J  jHtuimeiiway,  .302 

Ha'.oonib.  312  lUeuchman,  15.6, 1.59, 163, 

UaMfcinanU,  351,  491  I'H 

Henderson,  30 


Index  ofNiames. 


509 


lletidriek,   57,   50,    11?, 

Ht*,  3(.'-.' 
Heory,  aOl,309 
iEenry  11.,  83 


217,  040,  273,  3C(5,  3->Q,| 

Hubbard,    59,  107,  277, 
■:!^0 

Huclisins,  300 
Hudson,  •If.O,  45: 


Huir-ins,  :?0-4,  3(3,  38-40 

Uu';; licit,  U,  106 

Mucin,  aS7 

Hu^'O,  131 

Hull,  47,   140,  246,  274, 

riume,  205 


lleirv  Vnr.,  S1,01,20C 
lieiijliuw,  li-'S,  10 i,  325 
Keridun,  .S07 
Herrick,  !-;>,  310 
Hersey,  353 
Hersum,  269 
Uervey,  y7,  106 
Hessel'ius,  210 
Hessckine,  401 
Hewet,  SiQ 
Hewiii!',  446 
Hey  wood,  4*3 
Hibbard,  300 
Hibbert,310 
Hic-hborn,  453 
Hicks,  33,  3.S,  203 
Hide,  t.?2 

HigKirbottooi,  140 
Hig^aiis.  HO 
HUaiid,  210 
HiU.  18,  li»,  23,  31,  33, 40, 

4i;e8,  125,  140,215,240. 

254,  208,  209,  27S,  2t'0, 

202,  2i,H,  401 
Hilliard,  43 

fTil'-^.'roiK'h,  34«.  ai^S 

Hincbar,  107 

HiucktM,3U,  315,  480 

Kinksoa,  ."0 

Hinmaii,  25,  327 

Hitchcuck,  104,  105,  12e,;Hyde,  4S0 

152.  327 

Hoadley,  60, 313  j  I 

Hoar,  .3e!).  40o.  4f=0  iLie,  242 

Hobbs,  2f.-",  -'64.  305,  S12:iljlev,  274 
Hobart,  44.".,  4>7  rnirtllj.  453 

H  -.bsop,  l-;')  j[ii2-er50l!,  l'>2,  319,  490 

Hodakinsou,  323  |rn<rhain,  240 

Hodekis,  303  In^rraham,  140,  206 

Hodgdou,  207,  2fv3  i  Irving,  5.  245 

Hodgei?.    110,    207,    2r.7.Tsaac?,  401 

2e;i,  2.S4,  312,  35.3,  4      ' 


171,  213,  2t?,  201-03, 
2t"7-00,  2^3-''0,  2S'J,  nw, 
310,  31><,  332,  34S,  440, 
4>^>l,  4NJ 

.iordaii,  47,  31a 

Josliu,  4^7 

.losselvn,  49,47,200 

.Toy,  :iis 

.fudsoii,  241,311 
Junius,  3-13 


K 

Kalin,  209 
Kavana^Ii.  S4 


Uumplirev,  25,  100,  112.1  Kolliani,  100 

20-1,201, '275,  276,   2^3, |Kollcy,  S2,  84,91,92,  215, 

320, 503  402 

Hunkins?,  277  iKellogg,   140,   151,    3:30 

Hunlock,  109  400 

iHuiinewell,  69,  203,  207,  Kol.-^ey,  300 

■J'Jl,203  Kelso,  4.j:!,  4S9 

Hunt.  I2f<,  27S  Kimball,  321,  35-S 

Huntingdon,  241  'Ken,  30 

Huntoon,   73,    110,   320,iKPii(iull,   154,    150,   313 

401  I     44  s: 

third,  07,60,72,213,  218,  Keiiestone,  SO-5,  .38,  40, 

202,  204,  483  |     41 

Hurry,  07,  70,  293  Kenmarc,  95 

Huje,  220  Kennard,  488 

Hu.-'sev,6,4S-50,  141, 144lKenney.  75,  491 
?(i)t--ii!''.?rB.  ^■'■'  iKfTi*-,  .';-;-0,  l-f^-,';!,  ?•" 

Hutobinson,  2,47,62,6<5,|     274,  28 1,  288 

110,  180,  201,  314,  315,  Korrv,  lul 


34.5,  ;«0 
iHultou,  .T21 


Israel,  123,  124 

Ives,  241 

Ivory,  67,  70,  292,  204 


K'tttle,  71.  72,293 

Keyes,  313 

Kiidder.    6S,   70,    117-20. 

200,   20S,  237,  202,  2M, 

330,  4i'0 
Kicllc,  200 
Kilbourn.  311 
Kil.'.art".  80.  OO,  1&9 
KilUam,  321 
Kilkum,  1.52 
Kd!um,,iO,  150.  234,285 
Kilniiteloon,  liXi 
Kilpatrisk.  320,  .321,  485 
Kiniball,    l.>.t.    125,  217, 

20.5-Os,  4^*7,  4S8 
King,  3.-..  38.  30,  110,113, 

no,  151,  241,   27S,  281, 


40O 
Hoftman,  340 
Hogebooni,  32 

Hoi'-iiigtoti.  313  J 

Holbrook,  223,  .355, 44r--S  Jackson,   12?i,  205,   224,  Kinchani,  112 
Uolden,    154,    156,  213, i     242,    COP,   26^^70,  2^'0,|King?bury.  81,312,488 

250  I     no.«,  310,  320,  3.33,  4.85    iKiagslc-y.  2j3 

Hoilingsworth,  150,  lC3.'.TLi:rrev,  2>0  iKiiigsriiill.  43 

llH  iJnr.L-s  I  ,  102,  200,  310     |Kink-y,  124 

Holmes,  32,  .35,  233,  239,  Jatno.^  II.,  134,  314,  381, i Kinney,  .':0S,  333,  334 

315  j     300  Kinsale.Ol 

Holton,  118  IJankina,  30, 39,  Vj  Kin?!'-,-.  4.53 

Homer,  243  'Jaqucs.  274  ) Kip,  206 

Home-',  30,  .37,  23^  '.'aiuith,  153  iKirtLand,  112,  174 

H(.oker,  tl',  I'JO.  .".25,  326  farffv,  .%S  JKittrediO,  174 

Hooper,  3.;0.  3i0.  457        Jarvlj,  U;3,  278,  .320,  453' Knap.  07 
Hopkins,    V.«',  140,    172,  .f-n.mcs,  2*03  IKnicIand.  104-00 

2.;8.  241,  312,  316,  357    i.TtrfTerson.  1.31.  23.3-7,  .3."iO  Knovet,  Ml 
Hopkinsun,  105,  Iw         'jf-lTn-v,  1.14,  205,  280,  320,Knisbt.  47,  14<\2I4,  264, 
Hoppiu,  332  ij»Mifks,  .331  ^     277,  201,  2-H, -M'J,  400 

Horn.  112.  1.^0,  205,  261,  Jenkins.  35-7,  48,  50,  51,'Know.>r,  3'I 

^ii;i-oO  I     4S>  iKno'.vips.  60,  201 

Horton,- 14S  Ijinne.sa.  32,213  iK.nouIton,  l^r,  .'iW,  3r,«. 

Hoskins,  no,  ir4  Mennings,  340  ,     317,  .30.5,  30?,  4t.O,  403 

Hosmer,  381,387.  353      '.I.naoiir,  71  I     4-7 

Jewll,  40. 182-4,204,320  ICnox,  120.  15S 
Jevrett,  .'521,480  iKoiTman,  4">3 

Jili.-0D.311  IKos-uth.  100,  380 

UougUton.  213.  218,  Xii  i.Ichn,  King,  301  IKuhn,  117 

Hovfev,  447,  487  jjohn-on,  8.  11,22.  30-40. 

Howard,  tl,  68,  '-lO,  106.1     Vt\,  112.   123,   13-.    1J.-..I  L 

151,  158,  202.  TJi,  3'>*,i     lr.i,  217,  21'<,  ■s:<\  2'Jl,lLaM,  .''SI 
0  1     25i,  260,  26^.  2:ri.  .-.ol,  Lafavette,  320,380,410 

3',:..,     3iO.   321,  ,%a,34<.',  o63,'     40^> 
■!5Ji     4.V).  453  I.aidler,  4,'59 

Ho-.vland.  106,  3uo,  310.:joLf.i,  13,  15-20.  23,  24.  Lake.  .308 

331,  4yJ  I     :i.^-7.  40-2.  .5-;.  U4,  120.  J.alor,  02 

Hoyt,  118.  206.  207,  216,1     128,    14.5-47,    157,    170,; Limb,  57,  1-38,  259,  305 

eoL.  XXIX.  44 


Hutchki.-.-..  100.  1-22 
Honeii,  3;i5,  .'j3o 
Hough,  30b 


Howe.  107.  ."A-;,  331 

376,  .3L>0-40!,  40 ;_; 


Lanilifrt,  206,  463 

[.anihi'i-ton,  230 

J^iiiiib.-ion,  loO 

I.nmpliara,  20t3 

Laiiijisou.  105 

Luiiukroii.  150,  151 

I.andiair   100 

l.iindon,  .327 

r.an<j,  37,43,68.  112,  125 

Lang,  3L  32- i,  36.  37 

Langdon,  t',.  '.',0,  277, 
27-<.  318,  .308 

Lan^d'■y,  JOl 

Lankdoii,  55 
ILarcli'T,  23 

iLnrkiii,   07,   70,  71,  101, 
I     2-0,  2'.'3 

Larman,  1C4 
iLariicd.  2i"'<,    211,    242, 
.",0!,  30.-.,  311 

T.a.^kov,  /70 

Lnthrnp,  :!27 

Li:tii.-i«.-r,  123 
.'Latrc^bo,  2'Jti 
iLatting,  109 
ILaiir.-.rvjn,  256 
JLauriat,  l.';4 
ILawre;ico,0'>,69,  72.  120, 
I     201,20.''..  204.  4f7,  401 
I  Learned,  125,  1'J6,  22;} 

Lo:,t'.'-,  l.-O.  1.57 

Le;iven\v<)rtb,  106,  119, 
126 

Leavitt,  125 

Leo.  117-21, 123,  1-02,225, 
3."-8,  485 

Leed3,  120 

Levaus,  402 

Lttriisgwell,  122,  123 

Lesg,  140 

Lt-iCL-ste-r,  92 

Le'gh.  Ill 

Lcighton,  2(>8,  269 

Lcix.  02 

r.o'nnd,  4ro 

Ltiiaii,  72 

Leonard,  4.--51,  54,  55, 
57-0,  146-52,  214,  278, 
28.3-iO.  -toS 

Leslie,  :5.57 

Lester,  122,  331 

Let,  71 

Lctourncr,  133 

Leutze,  242 

Lev-is.  157,  323,  4S9 

Libbe.  .32 

Libbev,  31,  203,  266 

Liliie,'  307 

Linckiiorne,  165,  166 

Lincoln,  43, 116.213,241, 
•J42,  3iri,  322,  3-.'4,  340, 
3.55.  3.J'),  .3.-1,  4-88 

Lind-li'y,  106 

LindstrOm,  210 

Linton,  314 

Lippincdtt.  .324 

Lippitt,  400 

LUcoiu.  -1 

Lisu-(  d.  r.w 
:L!i.:htl.-ld,  449 
iLi'teli.  l-'3,  IHVl-^Xi,  33.5 
(Littk-.  2i>4,  273,  ;i75,  4cO, 

1    no 

|Littleg.)d,206,  317 
jLivern'ire,  4-0,  4''I 
Livins^ton,  43,  3'>4 
I  Lloyd.  312 
iLoehta.  S'O 

'Locke,  32,  .33,  36,  .19, 154 
;     1.5..,  157,  317,  447 
!  L-nr'ttwood,  124,  125 
!L..e,  71 
ILofH-.s,  43 
jL^.L'an.  114 
ILo^mer,  3H 


510 


Index  of  N^ames. 


Markham,  27 
.Murruw.  101 
Murshall,  &r,,   125,  32S- 


Lonlbn^'^,■^5^,  401 
Long,  25-7,  2J,  72,  4S7 
Longfellow,  121 
LrOQgmaid,  35 
I.'i-Tnii,   TjiJ,  r.',  .'^, '■ 

l-iS-51 
Lorain,  133 
Lord,  70,   lis.  2-29,  294, 

301,  ;:02 
Loriug,  315,  310,450 
Lossing,  12iT,  127 
Lothrop,   173,   174,  17S, 

179 
Loudon.  250 
Louis  Philippe,  120-32, 

135 
Lovett,  2 
LoTTiinr,  71,  72 
Lowt'!l,273,  2?.=i,401 
LucUt  ijton,  152 
Lukt  lis,  320 
Lunst'ord,  'jS,  100 
Lunt,  357 
Luse.  00 
Lutbpr,  200 
Luitrell,  42,112 
Lvgon,42.  44 
Lym:in,  M;'.,  243,  483 
Lyuch,  4/2 
Lynde,  6S 

Lyne,  254.  255.  2.-^  -.^ - 

Lyons,  li>4,  302,  305,  3afl  .McAuloy,  01 
.McCiiin,  80 

3r 

Macallister,  12'} 
JlcCartUy,  ISO 
ilcCartv,  2-^0 
3Iacaulay,  'j4.  134,  205 
Macavoy,  02 
JIacCog'lilan,  S3,  S4 
JTaccrea?.',  35 
llacDoauel,    .S4,  80,  5 
■    187 

Mackenzie,  13 
Macke:iy,  245,  246" 
Mackrins,  30 
3IacJIaboc,  187 
Maciaraera.  01 
Macciiioady,  201 
Jfacijucry,  72 
Macramy,  2.^3,  2S4 
Macris,  .32-4,  37 
Slac  Scory,  204,  2C5 
JL^ctfib,  240 
Mac  Toole,  187 
Macv,  52 
Gladden,  «2.  91 
JIagt'Oghan.  :01 
3I«giiir.is,S(3,  80,  186 
Magrath,  .8.S 


M:ir.-=tou,  31,  30,  .37,40 
Jlartin,  125,  274,280,2V0. 

443 
.Uartyn,  71,  25S 
ilary  Queen  of  Scots,  03 

.Ma-<ou,  l.>4,213,22i>,  2.30, 
243,  244,  275,  278,  305, 
353 

ilassey, 301 

lla^ners,  104,  2.54,  250, 
2,'i8,  310 

Jru'tin,  .3:}-0,  38,  30 

M;iaton,  35 

Husury,  4.53 
Mm  her,  121,  .325 
I.Miitlie£on,3C0 

Muthc'wson,  241 

.Matsora,  70 

Mattock,  70 

Matthew?,  401 

.Mrule,.362 

May,  480,  400 

.Maylem,  7 1 
I  JTaynard,  43 

.McAlister,  300 

Mc.Vrthur.  223 


MjCaiter,  48 
-McCavthv,  84,  SO,  P3 
.".IcCauJk-y,  123,  124 
■vfctMlan,  311 
McCobb,  144 
.MrCoruiack,  190 
llcCurdy,  121 
ifc'Donnogh,  04 
McI>ounel,  83,  80 
.McL>ov/ell,480 
iMcDuiiee,  264,  2r.5 
McEntire,  147,  149-51 
McFalion,  i/0 
McKti.ny,  ,89 
-Mcivim,  123 
.McK:n=try,  312 
.Mcl.ellan,  125 
.Mc.Mahon,  80,  01 
McMorrosli,  84,  402 
McNeill,  221 
McQuillan,  SO 
-\[c>hane.  00 
Mc  nveeney;  84,  90 
McTvraan,  91 
.^IcV/horter,  .3-34 
Mend?,  42,  4(i,  112,254 
Means.  220,  320 


Maguire,  t3,  SO,  87,  ISC, -Clears,  490 

187,  100  I  Meigs,  105 

3Ialion,91  .Melaghlin,  ,83,84 

Mahonv,  04,  401  Melendon.  2'.'2,  2'>1 

Malby,"82,  92,  33  iMfUeu,  115 

3Iallach,  43  i.Meioon   31,  32,  35-7,  40 

Ma'.lalieu,  206  pfeloy,  217 

Mallone,  243  Melvin,  310.  .381,  .380 

Maltby,  100  I  Mendelssohn,  444 

JIaiidervil'.e,  OS  I  Meredith,  124 

aianloro,  U'f  [Jrerrinin,    122,  388,  380, 
Manu,  311,  4-50,453  440.448 

JIunning.  248  Merrick,  184,  310 

Mannin'gton,  42  i.Mernll,  1j5,  275,  488 

Manser, '2j;,  2'J4  IMerriit,  100,  30S  310 

Mansfield,  102.  317  IMervyn,  2!5 

3raplis(Ien,  ^5-3,  259  I Mp.si>rve,  2t:-5,  268 

Marliel,  107  liletealf,  181 

Marable,  .37  iMettiTnicli,  131 

Marache,  113  I.MicVlev.  123 
March,  :i2-41,  68,  70,  274  ilililin'  ;i4 

Sr-.vrchiint,  57  ^^!iuM••i.-,  'iS.  ,56 

•3! arcy,  y.s,  300-13  jMilbary,  lOs 

ifarden,  32  'Miles,  .300 

Mardin,  3-3,  267,  263  [iiiiler.  4-.',  57-60,  60,  71, 


75,70,122,148.140,151 
201,  2r.7,  2lVs,  2S:t-87 

Millikeu,  271,320 
.^niU.  257,  271,  272 

..:xitL,.,o..r 

ililward,  273-75 

-Miunit,  123 

.Minor,  151 

.Min.,>t,  4J,  ,370 

Mirrick,  57.07,  69,  117, 

15a,   2ft4-<>0,   201,    2'J3, 

2'.)1 
Mitchell,    60,    157,    173. 

410 
Mi.K,  104 
-Mold,  71 

Monson,  130,  140 
Montluc,  83 
Moudy.   30,  31,  40,  108, 

112,273,275 
Mooers,  6 
Moore,  70,  04,  118,  151, 

240,  253,  250,  274,  275, 

278,  27VI.  313,  318,  337, 

100,  4n.O,  4-8 
-Moorelng,  2uO 
-Mor,  80,  IHi 
Mordoi'h,  32,  .33 
.More,  21,  184,  180,  100 
Mores,  155 
^I'lr"^",  112 
Morgan,  55-7,50, 147-50, 

215,210,  283,  284,  280, 

287 
Morsfin,  30,  1()6 
Moricke,  184 
.Morley,  50,  50,  140,  151. 

132 
Jlorrell,  489 
Morris,  24,  187,223,252, 

301,  303,  305,  306 
Morrison,  o2 
Morse,  CO,  128,  217,  302, 

305,  312,  322 
Morton,  00,  70,  320,  364 
Mosheiin,  350 
Mott,  22 
Mountjoy,  82 
.Mowry,  304,  332 
.Miuige,  221 
MuHbrd,  100 
Mul!ikin,440 
.MungfT,  50,  58,  302 
Muuroe,  445,  447,  483 
.Mun=tU,  213,217 
."^lunson,  1.30,  140,  327 
iliivister,  257 
Murdogh,  31,  .38 
M'lrray,  110 
Murphy,  492 
Mutclieinore,  15 
Muzzy,  447,  453 

N 

Naar,  333 
Naifasqua,  270 
N.igateu,  01 
Xai.olMou,  130,  103,  370 
Na.'-O'l,  125 
Neale,  3,  1'.',  .30,  31,  34, 

.3u-41,47,  450,4,53 
-Veeilhani,  101,  282 
jXelf,  -J 88 
jNeKus,  305 
jXeil,  11,  220,  205,  .33.3 
jXelson,  .3:>;5,  334 
;Nevin3,  11 
jNewby,  72 
j.V-;« Climb,  214,  215,  480 

^^■^vcl^  m.  2"ji-u3,  co2. 

:;03,  311,  314 
iNewh,ill,4.53 
i  Newgate,  102 

Xe\vu:ad,  20-'c.  .3.^5 

NewtoTi,  ilO,  270 


Nichols44. 103,  lis,  120, 

274.  314,  447 
Nii'holson,  76,  301,  303, 

314 
Xickerson,  453,  400 
iN'ixon,  333,  400,  405 
Xock,  262,  263 
Xolan,  4'.i2 
Xorcross,  489 
Norris,  82,  188,  309 
North,  3.?3 
Northend,  210 
Norton.  32,  30,  68,  108, 

310,  480 
Nourse,  204 
Nowell,  61 
Nove.s,  184,  273,  275 
Nudd,31-6,  30,  110,  103 
Nugent,  94 
Nuun,  445 


;Oake.?,  113,  312 
iOakraan,  271,  272 
jObern,  110 
0'Bricu,84,  91,  02,94-6, 

ISO.  4'Jl 
O'lJyrne,  82,  8-3,  SO,  93 
Q'C.'ihan,  187 
O'Callaghan,  191,  2-38 
O'Cuf.u!,  6-3,  84,  8?,  00, 

01,  04,  100 
O'Connor,  C.2,  8-1,  So,  ,S7, 

00,  04,  95,  188,  IW,  WJ, 

401 
lO'DeU.  203 
iD'Doherty,  83,  157 
O'Donnel,  S3,  S4,  SO,  S7, 

90,  02,  95,  186,  100 
O'Uonogh'iPs,  01,  04 
Odiorne,  281 
O'Feralls.  81 
Garden,  274,  340,  4-14 
Oge,  1>0 
Old,  287,  288,  323 
Oldmixou,  45 
Oldschool,  324 
Oliver,  273,  321, 350,  .351, 

354 
Ollapod.  245 
Gluey,  172,  313 
O'Keefe,  04 
O'lvellv,  05,  186,  190 
O'Muny,  01,  186 
O 'Meagher,  88 
O'Moore,  82,  83,  90,  02, 

03,  1*8,  ISO 
CNeil.  83^,  87-0,  00, 02, 

05, 180, 187,  ISO,  100, 492 
O'ReiUey,  84,  92 
O'Kourke,    84,    87,    02, 

I^7-80 
Ormond,  SO,  S-S,  00,  01, 

0^>O,  l5o,  187,  l.?8 
Orton,  334 
«»shorne.    43,    110,    140, 

:7H,  204,  :<2!,  45-f,  487 
O'.^ullivau,  84,  01,  0:j-5, 

;oo,  101 

OtI?,   110,  206,  308,  .374, 

382,  3118 
O'Toole,  82,  90,  03,  186 
Owen,  152 
i<)xen#tiern,  200 
Oxinaa,  CO 

I  P 

iPabodic,  .331 
|P;iikurii,    124.   125.   224. 

iPaiker,  306,  31.3 
|)'addook.  48.  49 
il'a<ieltord,  331 
jTaige,  S>,  II7,  113.  2OO, 
I     320,  4i/y 


Index  of  Karnes. 


•511 


Paine,  20<!,  sir,  4£>0 
pjilfroy,  109,  4>m,  -iLH) 


irickinan,.V>8 
!l'i.TCL-,  21,  2-:;.  CO,  71.: 

FalmcV:  54,  150.  -H3.  271, J     110,  111,   273,  2^1.  2>. 
272,  3'.>0,  ni5.  3:i,-^,  3.52    I     44:),  447 

I'Hiiuerjiou.  131  .I'lerpont,  50,  1;">0.  15,' 

PabfTTiive,  319 

Parke,  453 


I                    R  Roc,  11*0-8'! 

.  i:n,1clilTe,85  IIol'.  rs.  30,46,110,  12?, 

,  I.Vu>,  t?J  128,  140,  14S.   I(r7,  215, 

Krtil-PS  lOrt  217,  210,  240,  241,  2r,7, 

Kainer,  ris.  202  2f0,  2.S3-N'<,   32.">,    323, 

Pi(:o>,  401,  403,  40-1,  400    i;,iUMsh,43,  45,82,C3,M,I     r,;(:t,  3>"^,  44r. 

riiiekney,  220                       ISi"  Rolt'e.  12.>,  S'.f.i 


ParkT,  30,   67.    72,  KJ,  !  i;ik(Tton,210  f;n!lin'r,  203  iKolli:.".  4'i,  118,  223,  22} 

lis,  120,  147,   173,  ;'.i,  Piiikhain, 201-04, 209,270  KMraMlt'lI,  14")  lUonifVTi,  32i 

212,  273,  275,  2v'5,  317,  Piper,  33  Rand,  07-W,  72, 110, 1(V4,  Itoot.  147 

325,333,375,377,  378,  Pitcalrn,  377,  8S0,   3.'5S,     2'.a-04  Itoi.es.  310 

3S«,    .3f 9,   447-40,  4>s,'     407  Kan.luil.  218, 263-63, 292,  r.o.-e,  333 


'r.ainiolph.  S2,  p7.  2.'..=>-37,  Un: 


315,  32n 
Pit.^,  71 
iPitt,  303 
iriace,  2.1i4 

'Plantagenot,  2-^6,  3*'4 
'Platncf,  30S 
217,  Piatt,  122 
Veil,   SCO,   S31,  Plumb,  HT 

PhiTJuner,    202-65,    44.1.  Ran-.Un,  213,  401 

447  iKawlips,  C23 

Pivjnpton,  302,  303,  310    Kawson,  313 


12?, 


480,  402 
Parkman,  104,  105,  120 
Parks,  2:4,  270 
Parley,  219 
Parr,  43 
ParrLi,  ISI 
Parry,  53 
Parson.-^,    57, 

264-*': 

832.4 
Patchini',  254 
Patffield,  70 
Patrick,  320,  321 
Patten,  24.3,  311 
Paul,  47,  3is  487 
Payne.  43,  Cr,  102 
Peabcly.  353,  480,  409 
Peach,  488 

Peak,  303,  306 
Peale,  240 
Pea.-ce,  ;il5,  402 
Pearl,  3'.3 
Pearse,2;l,372 
Pearson,  103,  310,  4?'3 
Pease,  488 
Peaver,  30,  262.  233 
Peck,  122,  307,  S.-'O,  353 
Peckh.am,  204 
i'eel,  134.  13.5 


Pitman,    242,    243,    2M,'     S15,  3li1 


KosJ 


2.'h1,  .301,  311,  333,  444 
Rausrer,  103,  104,  107 
Kanlvt,  120 
f;ar.»oru,3il,  310 
Rapin.  258 
Rarclifi"",  10 
Karhburn,  172 


01,  208.  320 
48,   50,    51,   141, 


14:'-45 
|K0Us0,  201 
;Kowi-.  33,  121,  250 
I  Coy,  83 
Uoy/dl,  10 
iRu-iph,  iOO 
IKuov,  70 
lRi.ip"_''.^,20r>,  207 
ITvuniforJ,  110 
JRuiiipv,  •.;5fl 
iKiiririil,  4t'< 
Ravn.=  r,  100,.321,445.44:il<upi'ias,  212 
■'^".yr.hara,  90  Ku?sel),S,  1j,  61,  CO,  70. 

Read,  71,   124,  182,  184,1     71,   8V,   153,   1-7,    107, 
-^  i-vj  .301,303,  .305,401 

Rutter,  450 
Uyau,  314,  4td 
Ryner,  203 


Kay,  22 


:Poe,  4«0 
iPoiaud,  463 
iPoltlniore,  42 
'Poole,  43,  203,252,  300 
il'oor,  2-0 
iPoore,  315 

i'  V6V,4C)3',  40*3',  4*87'  """ 
JPoud,  20 

Pope,  224,  401 

i'oppv,  9V'.  100 

Purter,  113. 123. 154,  CC4,  Reed,  110,  170,  223,  27S.  S^u-er,  314 
314,317,410,487,480     |     337.330,449  -Saiv.sbuty,  3.3i',  346 


3W.  4W,  487 
iRor.dliijf,  16 

T.i'dfiird.  2S3 
|Eeddin,314 
:Reduian,  74 
.Kcdlon.  125 


S 

iSabine,  SOi,  3;)8,  343, 400- 


jPortrrtleld,  172  'Reid,  320  Salter,  2^)1,  .^?4 

jPotter.  114,  121,  126,  204,'Rcmbraiidt,  240  SaUoristail,  IW 

?-'<),  221  JReminprton,  5s,  83,  140,'^aiabcn,  3!-i.  3.'),  9<i 

jPott^,  111  I    I5i,  .';02,  303  jS.imborut;,  ;J2.  3'.,  ir;^ 

;i:'otil--r,  154, 155  Rfnz,  310  iS.ampsuu,  !4,  o5,2<.U,  332, 

Peirce,  120,  lo4, 155,  %'A,  Powell,  25.  40,  50,  309     '  Repetti,  4SS  1    468,  480 

261,    273-61,   313,  445,  Pon-L-rs,  21,  22,  88,  140, 'Revere.  3^^4-80,  307  |&anders,  276 


4  SO 
Pelrson,  458 
Pelhatn,  93 
I'eU,  258 
Penballow,  110 


,     261,  203,  489 

Povris,  101 
rPornton,  353 

Po\Titr,  43 
iPratt,241,3K),  3!W 


140,  203,PrL'ble,  13,108,  118,  170,i     2^1.  ?.05,  312 

Richardson,  CI,  111,  118. 
122,   130,   147,    15.3-57, 


Penn,  47,  11 

200, 210  ■         •]     ir3,  3.57,  358. 483 

Penninj^on,  333  IPrenclergasr,  215 

Fepperrcll,  liO.  270,  330  Prcritic'i,  115 
Perc  v.i!,  4,2,  2±2  Frerri^?,  1)5,  116  4>^,  400 

Perc. ,  310.  370.  350,447  iPrefoUT,  f?4-(V>,  iO^i,  ill,  Riches,  14,  101 
Perle.ite,  lO.i,  101  t     128,  205,  223,  241,  X^" ,  Riche'^on,  72,  2'02 

Ferklas,  iC4,  l.:-5-'>8,:0'",'    281,  386,  3>8,  305,  308- R^-hey.  .3,33 

261,  263,  2'i4,   267,  200, j     401,  4C4-07.  4P7  j  Richmond,  107,  217,  243 

401  Preston,  140, 489  |     ,?08 

PerlR",  192,  ."JW,  31.^  322  Price,  60,  71,203,319,363  Ricker,  203,  264 


Rcmor,  100  ISanderaon,  14-.',  273 

|Re"'-no!d^,  208-10,   242,  Sandys,  206,  297 
)    243  Sands,  125,  131 

!Rtce,  107,  325,  488,  480     |Sanford,  43,  106 
'Richards,   146,  16-4,  264,  Sanger,  ot;N,  4'.'0 

"argent,   110.   147,    220, 
276,  278,  306,  313,  322- 
24,  320,  4'JO 
200;   229,  204,320.487i"Sarkey.257 


Perrlii,  302,  304,  30?,  Sia'  PriJeaux,  4'J 
Ferrot, 62,91, 0.".,  18-'.  1"^7  Fridg^au.  43 
Perry,  122.   151,  2i'>-12.  Prieitiey,  363 

241,  312.  314.  i31,  3C2     Prim.  SM 
Peters,  112.  230,  337 
Petey,  2.83-85,  372 
Petrie,  122 
Plial'n,243 
Plicip.s,  446,  4S0 
PhllbriJk.  :n 
Philbrook,  30-0,4! 
PhiUp,  King,  332,  38 

387 
Philip  III  ,  24-J,  402 


■  Rickets,  23 

Riddel,  400 
Rigbse.  29 


Saunders,  302 

Saundersoa,  57.  93 

Savajje.  25.  20,20.31.37, 
70,  167,  168,  184,  20.'., 
217,  224,.  252,  254,  255, 
200,  314,  .■;35,  3^ 

Sare'.s,  163-6o 

Saville,  440 

Sawyer.  IW,  112,  329 

Saver.  217.  401 


Pr;i.ce,  47,308,  825 
irnn^Ie,  22 
iPrini:,  209,  237 
! Proctor,  3r>6,487 
!pro«ser,  446 
ir^roaty,  30»> 
■I'ruTivir,  313 

Pii5er,  74,  1=4 
,Pul-;lVr,  2.37 

Purchase,  56 
Phili'.ps,  43,  61,6-8.  03.  Purtiam,23,3<H,  353,  870,  Roberf^on,  3<5'< 
138,  147,  150,  15-<,  22n,;     .V,>5,    30S-4OO,     403-05,  Robesi.ifrrc,  129 


240,  271,  2.C3,  2^^^,  i-." 

292,  294.  323.  4^.',  490  ' 
Phinnev,  ,3i: 
Phlps,  .;?,  72.  ;=»<■>,  271. 

2V2,  200,  20i,  3.1,  :..',.:. 
PtcEtiix:,  l:;8.  .-il-s 
Pickering,  353,  357,  35-3, 

3£« 


Rindge,    ^80,    2S1,    372.  S(.arborr,u%'b,  l."3 
1     446,  440  vSc.iardlo'.v,  100 

lRinoj,209  ;^chliemanii,  107 

IRiplev,  146,  152,  219,  381  Scott,   Iv,   ill,  216,  215, 
jRisliworth,  47  j     220,  278,  2..-:;,  284,  2.'-.6- 

Rittenhuy-en,  l.'S  |     'v^,  2-31,  310,  315.  453 

Robbino.  41,  241,  302,  iScottow,  293 
3(4,  .^h";  Scrihner,  213 

Roberta.  53, 125, 14.3, 147, 'Seabcdy,  211 
153,  20.'},  26;MJd,  271,  Seabury,  483 
453,483  iSears,  241,  311,45.3 

iSedjrrave,  >^ 
'Sedgwick,  2.80 


4 jr,  463,  467,  480,  491,  Robin?()n,  5,  5-*.  115, 149,  Seeley,  31 4.  3.r. 
603-04  j     252,  201,  440.  453,  401   |S»'ldon,  55.  150,  39»j 

|Robv,  4<3 
Q  iKocfi.  ,'V8,  91,  189 

QulcV,  S.33  •  Rocker..  184 

gi.iu..-.  iH,  120,  20s,  340,  RockTvelI,ii>4,  213,  22i 

3V4,  3(?2,  3U8,  4c9  iRockwood.  489 

Quint,  110  Rodman,  242 

iRodaey,  33^ 


Se'-kirk,  ly.  20 

Senuott,  4yS 

Sev.-all,  62,  108,  lcs]l,  275, 

317,  330 
Seward,    525,   327,   039, 

34<J 
Sext'JU,  149 


512 


Index  of  Names. 


Severs,  45 

t>i'yiiiour,  -"CO 
IjLackeuburp,  4.1,  40 
Sliacki'ord,  15,  ISO,  ISl 
Shnil,  Ji) 
Shak-e.-ip';aro,     1J.3,  2"4, 

2'.M),  32:5 
Shiilc,  147 
Shaltr,  150 
Shapleigh,223 
Shane,  SJ,  8S,  1S7 
Sharp.  -Ml 
Sharswooii,  3G0 
Shiittuck,  oa.  loO,  492 
Shaw,  118,224,305,316, 

332 
Sheafe,  2S1,  2'.>4,  372 
Shearman,  220 
Sheehy,  90,  492 
Sheffield,  GO 
Sheldon,  150,  l.-il,   271. 

3-33 
Shepard,  27,  65,  69,  1.50. 

3*1 


Spare,  74,  7S,  .*1 
Spavhawk,  261 
.spark,  133 

>p!Uildiiif,',  lis,  ltU.448 
"-pt.u,  i;,',  i:,ij,  307 
.■sp.-kf,  4'J,  44 
b.peiiser,Uu,  152,  184,303, 

3Ur.,  307,  313,  3:.'7 
,<pooiu  r,  20ii,  :hi) 
Spra;jue,   173,  224,  324, 

330,  .331 
.Spring,  '.'-iS 
Stace,  253 
fetacv,  L'22,  303,  305 
S^tatlord,  42.  333 
.Sta.irpole,  201 
Stalham,  ILs 
stanhope,  ."33 
Stuniaii,  100 
Staiiihurst,  SO 
.Stanley.  43,  408 
.■stanuard.  147,  14S 
.Staples,  ls-1,  ,301 
Stai  board,  20: 


Shepley,   124,  3.30,    331,l.Starbuck,4s-50,Hl,  144, 
490  145 


ShKppard.  2i>4 
Sheppv,  70,  U'.'2 
Sherbiiriie,  44.5-0 


.Stark,  LIU,  305,  310,  379, 
3'.)5,  .3yO.  400,  4U2,  405, 
487,  4'Jl 


IMparno 


Sherman,  a32,  4?G,  48S.  Starr,  li;l,  I'Jl,  253 
_46J.  4yo 

Sin.  <o>,  iny,  5rf 
Shipl'-y,  3'.;2 
Shipman,  121 
Shippie,  104 
Shirley,  110.  279 
Shreeve,  3:53,  4>7 
Sduniwav.  223,  311 
Shurtlctf',  IKS  121,  192 
Sibley,  4S^,  489 
Sifeyea,  410 
Sigbiirney,  217 
Sill,  217 

Simmons,  450,  4.S0,  400 
Sinionda,  1.54,  453 
Simpson,   15,  16,    22-4, 

40,  172,  17.',  204,  333 
Sismondi,  131 
Skelton,  25« 
Skinner,    155.  156,  302. 

315  • 
Slade,  24S 


."^weetzer,  2*J3  ITreadway,  105,  292 

Switzcr,  f"J  Tn-adwell,  466 

SwordH,  3.33,  487  Treat,  347 

SwyiKv-k",  253,  259  iTrelawupy,  4-.',  330 

Sydnoy,  »1,  (?5,  jj7-9.3, 131iTreuchard,  42 


Sykf3,  124,  2i<3,  264,  2.^; 

2.S7 
Svmrnf",    69,    IS."!,    291 

'292,  294 
Symondfl,  105-69 


Tailor,  62,  2<>4-S7,   269, 

291 
Talcot,  28 
Talleyrand.  131 
Talluiadge,  241 
Tappau,  273,  489 
Tarbox,  200,  3:;y,  400 
Talker,  2r,0 
Tatnall,  257 
Tatobam,  2.39 
Tavlcr,  5,^^7,  103,  242 
Taylor.  21,  22,  57,  09.74. 

);i,14&-49,  151,27:!,322, 

324,  340,  492 
Teal,  294 

Tfcbbitt,  25^-67,  270 
Teeter,  314 
Teigue,  91 


Trerise,  290 

Triagf.  31-4 

Tr  nt.  5,  110,  273 

Trowbridge,  65,  100,  1^2 

Trull,  4KS 

Trumbull,  25-7,  503 

'Iruiton.  3.34 

Tu'ker. -^3,  .39,  291,  29.3, 

30(i,  311.  4.33.  4i;,4.S9 
Tuckerniun   .''■25,  4S7,48>J 
Tudor,  95,  1?5.  374 
Tuftin,  3;(-S 
Tuft.'?,  35,  39,  276 
Tuppcr,  .'/O 
Turner,  67,119,  122,  155, 

254,  331,  3;»,  4'.0 
Tuttle,  100,  n*,  120,140, 

lc'2.  200,  207,  217,  224, 

243,  241.  3.%3,  3.-!J,  340, 

447 
T\^ombl7,  2'".2-/>5.  2^S 
Tyler,  119,  lOO,  162,  24S 
Tf  ndale,  42 
Tyntc,  42 

Tyrconnci,  1.'7,  1P9,  101 
Xyrin'i'fiara,  45 
Tvrone,  IStS-dl 
Tyrrel,  18S 
Tyson,  203 


Tcr.ncy,  71,  IIG,  3^1 
tebbins,  57,58,152,287,  Terry,  57,  58,  147,253, 
4b9  25S 

Stedicar.,  72.   121,  305.  Tethorlye.  31 

90  '  Te-.vbsbiirv,  3:'?.  4,<^9 

c^teiuer,  326  JThatcher,  75,  490  U 

Stephenson,  58, 148,  150|rh.iytr,  47,  140,  184,  44S  Ur\ci9,  121 
Stetson,  450  3  neobald,  18.?  iTndf^rwood,  30;,  4'JO 

Steuben.  312  Theseu^,  .341  lUpham,  50,  147, 146,  433 

sterens,  69, 107, 210,211,  [Thiers,  129.  130  Upbannur:,  27<' 

2<'5,  2V3,  291,  2ii8,  300,  Thomas,  36,  71,  116  lUp-iion.  1-12,  117,  IW 

Thomond,  84,  SO,  91,  95,|l'riel.  89 

Its  IJrin,  30-.32,  39,  41 

Thoaip.son.  35,  40,  llS.IUsher,  109,  LSS 

IS^,  213,  263,  457,  489    jUsEe.Unx,  1.23 
Thornton,  119,  254,  380,  Utloy,  303 

336,  .3.i7 
Thorpe,  275 
Throop,  301,  302,  308 
Throxton,  43 
Thurlley,  217 
Tihbet3',    223,    2C2,   264,i 


311,314,  335 
Steven.aon,  2;4,  280,  287 
Stickman,  58,  59 
.Stickney,  280 
StiUr'S,   65,  60,  146,  150, 

St'iil,  364 
Stimpson,  68,  292 
St.  John,  304 
ISt.  Le-er,  43,  Sl-5 
Stockbridse,  164 
Slafter,  117-20,  196,  206,  St0oktou,'334  266,  2ii9 

207,329,330  Stockwell,   50,  67,  119,  Tickuor,  20.'3 

Slater,  241  |    -312  Tiffany,  302 

Sleeper,    117,  329,    489,IStokely,  489  Filer,  183,  184 

490  iStone,    67,   01!,  72,  109.  Tileston,  159,  163,  164 

Sloan,  316  122.  1.52,  217,.  254,  291.  Tilliugh.a:':,  332 

Small,  2'.^0  I    293,  303,  .307,  313,  .3J7.iTillv,  10(5 

Smibert,  119,  21?,  241       |    3.il,  416,  453,  489,  491  iTil.^on.  110,  316 
Smith,   20,  41,  46,  57,  60.'Stouehouse,  24  iTimlow,  120 

69,    92,    120,   122,   234,1  Stoier,  09,  223,  279  Tirlogh,  190 

146-49,    151,   152,    ISo.lStorinont,  17  iTitcuinb,  201-67 

158,162,  l.*3,   167,  IGO.jStory,  67,  70,  205,   230.  Tituo.  492 
214,216,218,220,224,     212  Tolman,  329 

2-36,  240,  258,  2*<6,  209,  Stoughton,  25,27,28,29,  Tomkins.  21,5 
274,284,291.293,302,      340  Tommers,  245 

305,  307,  3(/9,  310,  3;3.!SrovTe,  25.3-55,  257,  258     Tompion.  3r>,  40,  131 
3:il,  .32(5-2.->,  .3.33-,3o,  o4i),l-tratton.  270  Tomson,  37,  266 

384.   aSt')-8>»,  44."?,  445.ISt'a\v.  4i^8  Toner.  219 

446,  449,  450,  469,  490    jStroiig,  116,  489  JTonge',  ^58 


Smither.s.  301 
Smol!«;f ,  20l' 
Smucktr,  213 
Smyth,  42,  43.  4<5,  120 
Snedecker,  lOfj 
Snow,  55 
Soelter,  146.  147 
Somerby,  335 
Somerville.  178 
Sonthcct,  42,  112 
Scuthern,  'V>j 
Sent  he  V,  2.37 
Southwell,  43 
Soutlimck,  331 


Stuart,  45,  133,  2.34,  241,  TopleS",  12' 
242.  .3;^ 3,  342,  343  Toppan,  2*4 

Strle,  100,  101  Toi-r,  269 

Sue,  131  |Torry,  2i>i.  207 

Sullivan,  312,  331,  332,|ToartcLlotte,  489 
I     443  Tower.  4-15,  453,  487.  4.fi 


Yail.  334 
Van  Buren,  217 
Tanhorn,  56,  57,  59,  149, 
3,  2.84,  28il,  288,  2S9 


Van  Keurau,  120 
Varney,  266,  330 
Vari;um,  530 
Vaughan,  42,313 
Veisie,  245 
Verj/eunes,  40.3 
Vid,'71,  148 
Vile  J,  Hd 
Vincent,  269.  3.';0 
Vinton,   1,  63,   106,  157, 

ISO,  305,  319 
Virion,  .323 
Vivian,  44 
Voeden,  300 
Vorae,  31S 

W 

"tVade,  72, 156,107,252,279 
Wa  Ikini,  09 
Wa.isworth,a5,  28, 124 
Waguer,  109 
Wair.wricht.  167,  275 
^^lit.  59,"60,  67,  6tf,  121, 

150 
tVal-.e,  42 


70,  71,  117,  ll^.VValdergrave,  101 


JSumner,  8,  liS,  135,  163,|Towne. 

131,303,310.447  [    120, -.Y.,  207,  223,  .SOO,' Waldo,  ~159  160, 162, 163, 

Sussex,  81.  84-7  310,  :"0-  329,  3.-'.0.  4>9   |    oi:; 

Svedberg,  211-9  (ToivDSfcnd, 


swa'-..  <:.>, 
2-- 6.  44-; 
itwazey,  204 
Swede'uborg,  203 


92,  293, 


97-107,  i2-_',  14U,  o.-^;; 

Train,  5,  4^«) 
Tra.sk,  U7.  118.  120,  208, 
237,  330  ■ 


:\rat'iro 0,263,  312 
|\Vaic9,  123,  .335,  4.'»7 
lW;Uker.  67,  6J,  71,  116, 
119,  120,  214,  217, 271, 
!    278,312.313 


Index  of  ITames. 


613 


IWeeka,  30-11 
'AVelcciiiip,  4-1 

WeMinjT,  259 

'.rtUes,  2Jrt,  490 
V.Vlliii^rton,  107, 120,447, 

453,  4-7 
Wells,  21,  12S,  127,  21d, 

3'H,  4'JO 
Welsh,  4H 
Welstud,  72 
Weutworth,     125,    200, 

2i.'),  201-07,  26y,  aso, 

2-1,  3?'J-72,  4t7 
Wtrdoi;,217 
Wesluv,  3(M 
">Vc3t,  229,  278,  2v»a 
Westbrook.  159, 100,162- 

(14,  315 
Westcott,  4-16,  450 


Waller,  121, 1«4 
Wiillice,  ^0,  34-7,  41 
■>Voll!nrf..r'l,   i:-19. 

24,  2i>4 
WalUs.  33,  31,  33 
Wallcp,  1-3 
Walih,  42 
Walters,  70,  123 
Waltham,  103 
Walton.  41,60 
Wamuth,  32 
Wanl,  5?,  59,  67,  72,  144, 

HO,  171,   200,  207,  202. 

303,  32y,   333,  3tf7,  3W. 

403,  400,  4*2' 

warden,  2yo 

Ware,  220,  330,  490 

Wareing,  3 IS 

Wnrner;    126,  14:?,  14U, 
210.  302,  ¥M} 

Warren,  116-lS,  120, 155, 
257,  31S,  330,  3.39,  a-3,;Wesfon,  224,  310 
3*14,  3.>5,   .^-9,  3J0,  3vi5,'Wetherpll,  30y,  448 
30?,  401,   403.  44S,  457,1  Wetruer,  20 
4S0, 490  ■  |^^'etnlo^e,  20 

Wurriner,    151,    253-S7,lWhe(>tland,  444 
2S0  IWheaton,  241 

Warwick,  109  jWhseler,  121,  i24,  838 

Wasliburn,  62,  63,  lD7,|Whee!wright,  100 
IIP,  ^'^r.  C21,  32*,  3-}    I '.'."!,(. t.-tonc,  2C0 

Waghinpton,  21,  4-J.  117,' Wbid-len,  36,  39 

122,   133,  133.  IS.'r';  17C.1  Whipple,  13-23,172,242, 

179,   2i2,  :;U?,  3!2,  3l'->,|     444 

320,  S.'i?,  402,  403,  40d,|Wliirchcr,  44o 

452,  400  I  White,  55,  122,  14S,  150, 


Whittlcjpy,  217 
Wickh.nin,  4>0 
Wi.r,  rc,  oy,  71.202 
Wifhtinan,  4bO 
Wilbur,  Zv7 
Wilcoke,  25-7 
Wilcox.  ^5-0 
Wild,  154,  150,  245 
Wilde,  401 
AAilder,    117,    118 


120, 


Wnl.^ton,  487 
Woltoii,  123 
Wood.   .33,  68,  111, 

60,  201,   2'J3,  2->4, 

3jy.  3al 
Woodall.  207 
Woodurd,  1213 
Woodbridge,    104, 

274,   275,  2!;'3-«7, 

352,  40<J 


207- 
313, 


153, 
£89, 


102-202,  207,  20.S,  215,  Woodbury,  117,118,  120, 

36S, 
230, 


32.>-30,   450,   -IbS,    4yO, 

502 
Wilkin.son,  23,  304 
^\"^imot,  101,  271 
Willard,  Z-XS 
Willcutt,  402 
Willty,  121,263,260,200, 


121.  200,  310,  32y 
Woodlaiie,  I" J 
AV'oodinan,  120,  125, 

274 
Woodruff,  217 
Woodward,  121,229, 

400 
Wook,  306,  313 
^\  oolcott,  50 
Woolford,  30,  300 
Woostcr,  018 
Worcester,  221 


Wate,  107 
Waterhouse,  224,  310 
Waterman,  310 
Waters,  41,  47,  00,  107, 


157,  1S2,  1S4,  2  a,  2; 
2:7,  2<J1,  2y3,  .303,  307, 
324,  320 
Wliitefie'd,  226.  3;i7 


lOy-12,    141^,    l-->,  2r0,|Wliite!iead,206,2i0,274, 

273,300,3^7-10,321  "    '    '""   "" ' 

Watt  inri,  292 
Watrous,  3l4 
Watson,    .30,   32-5,  107, 

111,    267-60,  274,   ZCf2, 

303,  325,  S-iO 
Wauf,  71 
Way,  47,  140 
Wavlaud,  241,  212 
Webb,  42 
Webber,  157 


William  IT. ,314 

William  HI.,  134,   349 
302-03 

Williams,  15-23,  37,  70- 
2,    100,   111,   112,   116,  Wordsworth,  237 
117,  11'?,  122,  126,  13s.,  ^t'orth,  21S 
249,  304,  312,  320,  3:>1,  Wor+hinrton,    54, 
3.32,  353,  453,  467,  460,      l-A,  245,  246,  2o-i, : 
503  Worthlev,  44(3 

Williamson,  47, 106,218,  Worthy,  147 
244,  330  V.'oztn,  30,  31 

Willis,  1,  3,  21,  47,  270,  Wrangel,  210 
321,  327  Wratislaw.  215 

Williston,  50  Wrenton,  314 

Willys,  2S  Wright,    Hi,    l.Si, 

Wilson,  07,  93,   70,  120,      213,   220,  221,  3u8, 
123,  125,  203,  204,  257,      3';y.  340 
259.  201,  2'J3,  294,  293-  Wyer,  294 
■  '    '"    '   '  Wyman,  111,  15-1-57, 

Wynne,  211,  33.'> 


3i;>0,  335,  338,  444,  4S0, 
4.^8,  4,-9 
Wilton,  93 
.■^20.  ;«3,  3.34  .  IWinchell,  55,  112,  150 

Whiti^house,  224,  265-70  Vv'iactield,  IbO 
Wlnttcmore.  67,  69,  70,1  Wir.kfclricd  Von,  3S8 

111,  116,  2-01,  322,  453   iWiniiato., '.01-66, 336, 353 
Whiting,  4,  231,2-38,239,  Wingot,  34 
447.  453  Winslow.  51,  63,  71,  77 


147, 


212, 

316, 


,2*3 


■^Vhitman,  016 
"niiitmore,  25-7, 253, 364, 

492 
Whitney,  133,  320,  329, 


3^.1,  4,'53.  400 

Weber,  5(<,C7,68,70,291,iWhitt,  259 
292,  2'>4  IWhittcD,  30,  31,33,  36, 

Webster,    63,    120,   179,!     41 
203,    224,   226-2>,  2,".0,i  Wliittier,  4.52 
274,  323,  324,  340,  .3'.»i    ,  Whiton,  437 


9,  110.  11'?.  237-40,  278, 
279,  2sl,  315,  306,  490 

Win.sor,  238 

Winston,  ■i;)7 

Winter,  42 

WxrX.  .3'.4 

Witteu,  32,  33 

Wolf,  159 

Wolfe.  376 

WoUock,  107 


X 

XerxoB,  394 
Xiniiaes,  245 

Y 
Teaton,  263 
Young,  66, 156,  iCl, 
269,  333 

Z 

Zalinski,  491 
|Ztrm,  215 
iZogera,  266 
Zouch,  62,  94,  95 


2^;6, 


HISTOSICAL  AND  GENEALOGICAL  REGISTER. 


From  WiUia?n  CuUen  Bryant,  LL.D.,  New-York.— "  I  think  highly  of  the  New-E.vg- 
LAXD  IIiSTORiCAi,  ASTi  Gemi.»logical  Rfgister.  In  a,  countrj-  like  ours,  wlicre  all  of  us  are 
Peers  of  the  re^^Im,  it  is,  for  the  New-England  States,  the  Kook  of  the  Peerage.  It  preserves 
many  facts  of  interest,  which  wouU,  but  for  such  a  respository,  be  suou  fLirgotten." 

From  the  late  Hon.  E.  E.  Bonnie,  LL.D.,  Preset  of  the  Maine  Jlisi.  Society.—''  The  con- 
tributors for  this  raagazine,  dsveliing  in  all  parts  of  the  country,  may  well  be  regarded  as  a 
court  for  the  correction  of  errors  ;  furnishing,  as  they  do  for  its  coluuins,  such  facts  as  their 
researches  are  continually  bringing  to  light  cu  all  matters  of  historical  interest ;  eo  that  no 
historiographer  should  be  without  its  aid." 

From  the  Hon.  John  R.  Bortktt,  Providence,  R.  i.— "  I  consider  it  one  of  the  most  valua- 
ble collections  of  papers  for  the  Historian  and  Genealogist  that  has  ever  ajjpeared,  either  in 
the  United  States  or  England,  and  as  such  that  it  de>-ervcs  the  encouragement  of  aU  inter- 
ested in  genealogical  inquiries.  Any  one  in  search  of  family  genealogy,  will  find  in  the  vol- 
umes of  the  Register  what  would  require  months,  if  not  years,  of  research  in  the  deposito- 
ries where  historical  records  are  kept." 

frr>rr>fi^o  Tt..~,  C'-.---'^  TT''.  Z^'i^::i,  ij" Salem,  J"iiai-5.—"  I  wa.>  much  struck  by  the  highly 
improved  appearance  of  the  Registek  in  the  January  number.  The  title-page  on.  the  cover 
is  admirably  arranged  and  eipro^sed.  and  the  entire  body  of  the  number  is  excellently  got 
up.  The  IIegi?  ■FK  is  an  inv^^luable  publication,  and  cannot  fail  to  command  a  liberal  sup- 
poi't  from  hisiorical  readers  and  a  liberal  public." 

From  Prof.  C-  T.  Winchester ,  Liln-arian  Wesleyan  University,  Middktown,  Conn. — "It 
certainly  fills,  without  danger  of  rivalry,  a  most  iiajjurtant  place  in  our  historical  literature, 
and  is  most  satisfactorily  perforrL^ing  a  work  to  which  no  man  interested  in  our  hi.^tory  can 
be  indifferent." 

From  the  late  Hon.  Thos.  H.  Wynne,  one  of  th^  Exea/live  Committee  of  the  Historical  So- 
ciety of  Vircinia. — "I  have  (Feb.  2.  1574)  just  completed  the  perusal  of  the  January  num- 
ber of  the  Recister,  and  I  feel  in  duty  bound  to  con'^ratulate  you  on  its  success.  1  consider 
it  the  best  magazine  of  its  kind  I  have  ever  seen,  and  the  recent  improvements  in  its  external 
appearance  have  greatly  enhanced  its  value  to  those  who  appreciate  a  becoming  costume 
on  a  worthy  persi^n." 

From  the  Hon.  Tho?r,as  S;>ooner,  Reading.  O. — "  The  January-  number  of  the  Register, 
in  all  the  bet  uty  and  freshness  of  a  new  dress,  is  at  hand.  This  magazine  has  been  a  re^rular 
visitant  to  n-^  for  thirteen  years.  Tlie  complete  set  of  XXVII.  volumes  are  on  my  shelves  ; 
and  hardly  a  day  passes  of  my  working  historic-days  that  I  have  not  occasion  to  refer  to 
them ;  and  in  the  reference  I  much  oitener  obtain  the  fact  sought  for  than  in  any  other 
magazine." 

From  Rolrt  Clarke,  E'^ji  Cinrinnati,  O. — "  The  January  number  of  the  Register 
came  duly  to  hand,  and  I  must  congratulate  you  on  its  improved  appearance.  As  to  matter, 
it  has  always  been  satisfactory." 

From  the  Hon.  Charks  H.  Bell,  Pre^t  of  the  New-Hampshire  Historical  Society. — ''  I  ara 
conGdent  there  is  no  student  of  any  branch  of  American  histjrj-,  who  has  not  been  indohted 
to  its  pages  for  new  and  useful  inf)rmation.  *  *  *  *         In  short,  there  is 

scarcely  a  work  in  thj  library  of  a  historical  reader  which  could  not  bt;  spared  with  less 
inconvenience." 

From  the  Hon.  Hiland  Hall,  LL.D.,  No.  Bennington,  Vt.,  late  Preset  of  the  Vermont 
Histnrical  Socitti/  — "  It  is  an  int^^resting  as  well  as  \aluable  periodical  repository  of  Histo- 
rical and  Genealogical  information." 

From  the  Boston  Drily  Adverlis.er. — "  As  a  magazine  of  antiquarian  and  family  lore,  the 
Register  is  unique  in  tiiis  oiuntry,  and  compares  };lvo^a^lIy  wit'i  tlic  l",'st  of  its  kind  abroad. 
It  is  in  some  respects  more  valuable  tiian  any  publication  of  its  kind  elsewhere,  because 
here  in  N\n\--Englan:I  tlie  sour.^cs  of  loc-al  and  faiuiiy  history  have  never  i>'"en  thoi'oughly 
explored,  and  in  this  rich  field  the  contributors  to  tl^e  UECtsTEa  liave  v(  ry  few  Competiti)rs. 
Not  the  least  interestin^c  portion  of  the  Register  is  that  devoted  to  bouk  notices,  in  which 
the  edit >r  preserves  a  record  of  the  best  antiquarian  literature  as  it  apjiears  from  time  to 
time.  We  heartily  recommend  the  Register  to  all  who  are  interested  in  historical  studies." 


J.    SABIN    &    SONS, 

OoolfGcUcrs,  prini0elln-0  ^  3mpcrtev 

84  NASSAU  STPtEET,  NEW-YOEK : 


e, 


14  York  otreet,  Oovent  Gardon,  London,  W.  C,  England, 
Desire  to  acquaint  tb.e  members  of  the  New-Englaxd  IlisTonic,  Gfn-k.vlocicai.  So- 
ciety, that  thej  have  on  hand  a  most  extensive  and  well-assorted  stock  of  IMPOIITF/D 
BOOKS  in  General  Literature,  History,  Biography,  Genealogy-,  Topogi-aphy  and  Her- 
aldry, the  best  Editions.  Works  on  ^Vrohitectiirc,  Ornament  and  the  Fine  Arts;  Books 
of  Enr^ravings  ;  Rare,  Fine  and  Curious  "Works.  Their  specialty  is  Best  Editions  in 
Fine  Bindings. 

Messrs.  Sabin  are  issuing  a  Catalogue  of  their  Books,  both  New  and  Second-IIaud. 
The  first  portion  is  now  ready,  and  will  be  mailed  on  receipt  of  a  two  cent  stamp.  The 
Catalogue  embraces  a  number  of  the  best  pubhcations,  accompanied  by  useful  and  reada- 
ble notes. 

The  AMERICAN  BIBLIOPOLIST,  a  Journal  devoted  to  Book-Gossip,  Notes  and 
Queries,  Shakspeareiana,  and  other  inforrr-^tiori  generally  useful  to  book  buyers,  is 
pubhshed  by  Sabin  &  Sons.     Annual  subscription,  SI. 25,  inclusive  of  prepaid  postage. 

gj)^  Samples  sent  on  application. 


DAVENPORT  PEDIGREES. 
Certain  MS.  pedigrees  of  the  family  of  Davenport,  of  Cheshire  and  Staffordshire,  compiled 
by  WirraU  and  others,  were  sold,  about  1872,  t<j  an  American  collector.     If  their  present 
pos<c-is<Dr  will  kindly  communicate  with  the  undersigned,  who  is  anxious  to  consult  them,  he 
will  confer  a  great  favor. 

Rev.  G.  H.  DAVENPORT, 

Foxley,  Hereford,  England. 

The  undersigned  offers  bis  services  in  tracing  pedigrees,  especially  in  the  counties  of  Esses, 
Middlesex  and  Sutfolk,  vdth  the  records  of  whrch  counties  he  is  already  well  acquainted. 

Address        HENRY  F.  WATERS,  Salem,  Mass. 

Bradford  Gl.vf:alogt. — The  Historical  and  Genealogical  Register  for  1850  contains  a 
Genealogy  of  the  Bradford  Family,  by  Gen.  Guy  M.  Fesaenden,  giving  descendants  of  Gov. 
William  Bradford  ot  Plymouth  Coluny.  It  als<j  contains  2;eneniogies.  more  or  less  full,  of 
the  families  of  Addingcon.  Cotton,  Davenport,  Davis,  Gilbert,  Greene,  Leverett,  ^leigs,  Otis, 
Wentworth,  Winsluw  and  Uri;^lit. 

Price  S3,  for  which  it  will  be 'sent  post-paid.  Address        JOHN  W.  DEAN, 

18  Somerset  Street,  Boston. 

Album  of  Genealogy  axd  BioGRArny. — Contains  title-pnge  in  colors :  two  pages  ruled 
and  headed  "  Table  of  Contents  ;  "  Preface,  stating  aim  and  use  of  the  work;  a  page  of 
Directions  and  Suggestions  ;  sis  blank  tonus  of  two  pages  each  for  Family  Registers  ;  Pho- 
tograph Leaves,  and  blank  leave;-;  nest  the  Photographs  for  Autographs;  blank  pages  at 
end  of  book  for  Genealogical  Record  of  Aneestry,  Memoirs,  plans  of  homestead,  ccc.  occ. 

Price  :  Muslin,  red  e<Jge,  $2.50;  gilt,  i^3.()0  ;  Imitation  Morocco,  $1.00;  Turkey,  $5.00. 
Old  Edition  conuiins  forms  for  2G  families,  and  splices  for  40  photographs  ;  Cloth,  .$4.00. 
Sold  only  by  sul'.-^cription.     Lfjcal  canvussing  agents  wanted  in  every  county. 

The  Album  will  be  sent  to  any  address  in  the  United  States  or  Canada  (where  there  are  no 
agents  at  work),  on  receipt  of  price  ;  pi>stA>re  or  freicrht  prepaid  by  pul'lisher.  Circulars 
sent  on  application.  xVddress        J.  M.  HAWKS,"  M.D.,  Puhlit-her, 

Hyde  Park,  Mass. 

FOR  SALE. — The  Xrw-Enirland  Hi>iorii\  Goncilo^ical  Socictj'  has  for  sale  a  few  conies  of  the 
foU'Hvin,,'  valuable  he >k- :  B^.T;d'-;  Hi--rory  of  Watcrtown,  !$Q.Oi);  Richanls  Gcncaio.irv,  ?4.0C  : 
Cu.<hmMn  Goncaioiry,  S-5.>Vi ;  Holt  GeiK:ilo..'-y,  .'?5.(10;  D;'.vis's  History  of  Wallin;,'tor.l,  Ct.,  >o.C0  ; 
Wheeler's  Fir.-t  Church  of  Stonip^'tor,  .So.O'i;  Svmnies  Genealogy,  $5-00  ;  Prcscott  Genealoiry, 
^.ilO;  White  and  Haskell,  i.oiind,  i^'>.r><\  p:'por  i^2M. 

Address,  Joun  Wakjj  De.v:j,  Librarian,  18  Somerset  Street,  Boston. 


^^    Comriuui!>'aiions  designed  for  t/te  'EoviOn  should  be  addressed  to  him  at   IS  | 

Somerset  Street,  B'^ston.  1 

Subscriptions.,  and  other  business  ro7nntnni''ations  relititig  to  the  IiKGiSTLn,  should  j 

he  sent  to  J(.)iix  \\'aud  Dean,  IS  Somerset  Street,  Boston.  [ 


ANNCTJKCEMENTS. 


SALE  OF  LIBRARY  AT  RICHMOND,  YA. 
The  Auction  Sale  at  KiclimomL  Va.,  of  tlic  valuable  Lilraiy  of  tlic  late  Tlio?.  II.  Wynne,  Cor- 
respoudiug  tSciTctary  of  the  Tirgiiiia  Hisioiical  Sccicty,  jireviously  iixcd  for  the  l^iii  of  July,  ISTo, 
has  bciu  postponed  to  the  28th  of  SejitiiRhcr  next.  Tliis  Libiar3'  is  rich  in  American  private  prints 
and  local  histories,  Confcdciate  States  publication.-:,  &c.  &c.  Orders  filled  by  the  Auctioneer.  As 
the  catalogues  printed  have  been  distributed,  it  is  requested  that  gentlerntn  to  whom  they  have  been 
sent  will  preserve  rliem  for  use  at  the  sale  as  deferred.  Such  orders  as  may  l^e  sent  rue  shall  receive 
my  most  conscientious  attention,  and,  by  permission,  I  can  promise  the  judgment  of  II.  A.  Brock, 
Esq.  (wilt)  will  attend  the  sale  as  the  friend  of  the  late  Mr.  Wjnne),  in  the  tilling  of  all  commissions 
entrusted  me,  for  which  I  shall  make  no  charge. 

371'  A  Catalogue  may  be  seen  at  almost  any  public  library, 

J.  THOMPSON  BEOWX.  Auctioneer, 
1113  Main  Street. 


GEXEALOGY  OF  THE  LOOMIS  FAMILY.  Enlarged  Edition". 
The  enlarged  eJtion  of  the  Loouiis  Genealogy  contains  the  record  of  S686  persons,  nl!  ha\ing  the 
family  name,  and  who-c  descLnt  is  traced  from  Jo>eph  Loomis  of  Windsor,  besides  a  list  of  4GS'2 
persons  who  have  intermarried  with  them,  making  a  total  of  13,SG3  names.  The  work  contains 
copious  indices  bj- which  any  of  these  names  can  be  easily  found.  It  forms  an  octavo  volume  cf 
616  pages,  is  printed  on  superilne  paper,  and  contains  three  portraits  printed  from  steel  plates,  and 
also  the  family  eo-.u-of-arms.  The  edition  consists  of  only  2o0  copies,  most  of  which  have  been 
secured  by  si-liscriliers.  The  remaining  copies  are  oflcred  at  five  dollars  each,  and  will  be  s.jnt  by 
express  or  mail,  prep-.iid,  on  receipt  of  the  price.  Communiciitions  may  be  addressed  to  Prof;  Elias 
Loomis,  New-H-iven,  Conn. 


Rev.  G.  T.  RiDLON,  of  Harrison,  Me.,  having  followed  genealogical  pursuits  for  many  years,  and 
being  in  communication  with  important  sources  of  genealogical  and  hcral.lic  information  in  Great 
Britain,  would  intimate  to  those  interested  in  the  preservation  of  family  history,  th.it  he  is  ready  to 
assist  in  collection  of  records,  or  in  compiling  pedigrees.  Charges  moderate.  Correspondence  with 
those  engaged  in  genealogical  researches  solicited. 


FOR  SALE. — Th.e  New-England  Historic,  Genealogical  Society  has  for  sale  a  few  copies  of  the 
following  valjable  bojks  :  Bond's  History  of  Watertown,  -§"0.00;  Richards  Genealogy,  .^LOO  ; 
Cushman  Genealogy,  $.5.00;  Holt  Genealogy,  §.5.00;  Davis's  Histoiy  of  Wallingford,  Ct.,  $'.5.00  ; 
Wheeler's  First  Church  of  Stonington,  -S'^S.O'J;  Symnies  Genealogv',  -SCOO  ;  Frescott  Genealoiry, 
$.5.00;  White  and  IIa,-kel],  bound,  $;-2.50,  paper,  §2.00. 

Address,  John  Waei>  Deax,  Librarian,  13  Somerset  Street,  Boston. 


AMERICAN    JOURX.VL    OF    XU:^IISMxVTICS. 

PUBLISHED    QUARTERLY,  —  TflE    TEXTII    VOLUME     WILL    COM- 

MEyCE   JULY  1st,    1875. 

Subscription,  Two  Dollars  per  Volume,  in  advance. 

Communications  desired  from  those  interested  in  the  Science. 

Address 

JEREMIAH  COLBURN, 

iS  Somerset  Street,  Boston,  Jlass. 


THE 
N  E  W  -  E  ^'  G  }j 


1) 


UISTOIUCIL    AND    GENEALOGICAL    liEGISTEll. 

WILL  r.K  EDITED  BY  JOHN   WARD  DEAN. 


The  Thirtieth  Volume  of  the  Register  ^rill  commence  ^vitll  Januar  ,  li"\':. 

Tliis  periodic;;.]   is^    published  quarterly,  under  the    direction  of   .he   Ni, 
Eijg'Umd  iiisroric,  Genealogical  Society,  at  No.  18  Somerset  Strt  jt,  I5oi.     li, 
on  the  tir.st  day  of  January,  April,  July   and   October,   at  $3  per  aunnn-^  in 
advance. 

The  desig-a  of  the  work  is  to  gather  up  and  place  in  a  pi.rmanent  form  the 
scattered  and  decaying  records  of  the  domestic,  civil,  literary,  religious  nnd 
political  life  of  the  people  of  the  United  States,  and  particularly  of  New- 
England  :  to  rescue  from  oblivion  the  illustrious  deeds  and  virtuf^s  of  our 
ancestors  ;  to  perpetuate  their  honored  names,  and  to  trace  out  and  preserve 
t!.o  ^:.;\.::„y  ....I  .„-:'  ...  cf  ihA.  C...^[[[:,3.  To  this  end  the  Register 
contains  :  — 

1.  iJiographies,  accompanied  with  steel  engravings,  of  distinguished  men. 

2.  Genealogies  of  American  families. 

3.  Transcriptions  of  important  papers  from  church,  town,  county,  and 
court  records  ;    deeds,  writs,  wills,  etc. 

4.  Historical  momoi'anda,  as  from  interleaved  almanacs,  family  Bibles, 
old  accuunt  books,  etc. 

5.  Liscriptions  from  ancient  burial  places,  and  from  ancient  coins. 

6.  Bibliography  ;    especially   of    rare  xlmerican  books,  pamphlets,  etc 
'.  Heraldry :    a  record   of    the    armorial  bearings    used    by   AiucrioT^n 

families  at  an  early  date. 

8.  Old  ballads  and  poems,  with  illustrative  notes. 

9.  Ancient  private  journals  and  letteis  thiowing  light  upon  Ainericap 
histor-. 

10.  Notices  of  nevr  historical  works,  and  others  upon  kindred  topics. 

11.  Current  events  in  the  country  ;  centennial  celebrations,  etc. 

12.  Proceedings  of  historical  and  other  learned  societies. 

13.  Xecrology  of  members  of  the  Ne^v-England  Historic,   Genealogical 
Society. 

14.  Notes  and  queries  respecting  curious  historical  and  antiquarian  ques- 
tions, old  buildings,  niu^iic,  costumes,  coins,  autographs,  etc. 

15.  Oi)ituary  notices. 

The  whole  conrainiiig  a:)  original  and  varied  mass  of  inf^jrmation,  histori- 
cal, archfe(dogic;d,  genealv)gical  and  testhetie,  invaluable  to  the  student,  oi  his- 
tory, the  man  of  letters,  the  lover  of  his  country,  and  of  the  honored  names 
of  those  who  founded  it.  A  carefully  prepared  index  of  names  and  subjects 
accompanies  every  volume. 


UTThe  Committfe  on  Publication,  h;\ving  oh- 
t.iitu'l  the  o*piui.>u-i  of  n  l.iri^e  luimber  ot'  the  ?nl)- 
*i  ri^rs  ti.  ihf.  Jieu'isf.prupup.  th;i  sniijeci,  tutve  dc- 
t>.r:iii!H'l  U)  v-ontiiio  all  artivlos  upon  ikmily  pone- 
:i!'j.-'y  tu  X\k  tir^t  I mr  u'i'niM-.'iri.ivi.>  intiiis  t-uuntry, 
CXI',  jit  ueiMsionally  hrinjxiiiir  down  a  lew  lines  to 
the  |>rr<i:iu  time ;  and  to  limit  the  space  allowed 
fur  each  iinit-le,  to  six  paijes.  Some  families, 
h<i\v<'Yer,  have  expie-^ed  a  wi.-L  to  have  later 
_i:c;iefanons  i..i->crve.l  in  detail  in  tlie  iici^istar. 
'Ihe  CouiiQJttee  are  willing  to  «io  this  by  addini; 

C^  Sahs 
.Boston. 


pa.rrci!  to  the  Regi--ter,  if 
friends  will  pay  the  expt 
siib^eriber.'-  c;innot  comn 
as  tliev  will  not  bo  su 
th'-m.  ' 

U'Sab'iiTibers  will  oh 
i?  ia  no  case  sent  to  them 
it  .stopi'.ed,  mdcss  such  or 
nno  rol'uihz  has  commencec 
tmpa/d,  when,  aeeonliiii^ 
c.'.ls,  they  are  liaole  for  ar 


correspondents  or 
:'n.-o  of  the  .-ame. 
lain  of  siuli  ad  11 
i'jact  to  the  char: 

serve  that  the  Ke 
after  they  have  or- 
Vcf  is  received  afi 
I,  and  arr/iitraiffit  n 
to  the  rules  of  pe 
lorlicr  year. 


their 

Our 

t!on<, 

JO   of 

,'i.stcr 
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ler  a 
main 
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■Ipfloas  s'lo/dd  be  sent  to   Jons  'SVxv.v   Deax,   18   Somersei   :<tre''i, 


3382